Architecture and the Environment BIOCLIMATIC BUILDING DESIGN

DAVID LLOYD JONES

CO-ORDINATING RESEARCH ER i2 JENNIFER HUDSON

4 LAURENCE KING

R.B. Fuller (1963) Nine Chains to the Moon, New York N. Howard (1991) Building Services Magazine: Energy Adamson, Jim see Jersey Devil R.B. Fuller (1963) Operating Manual for Spaceship in Balance, London Advanced Photovoitaic Systems Manufacturing Earth, Arkansas N. Howard and D. Butler (1992) Building Services Facility, Fairfield, California 82, 83 R.B. Fuller and R. Marits (1973) The Dymaxion World Magazine: From the Cradie to the Grave, London air-conditioning 38, 38-39, 40, 42, 45, 45, 59, 243 of Buckminster Fuller, London N. Howard and H. Sutcliffe (1994) Building Magazine: air pollution 242-43 R.B. Fuller (1981) Critical Path, New York Precious Joules, London Alberts, Ton (with M. van Huut): ING Bank, Amsterdam J. Gleik (1987) Chaos: Making a New Science, New York R. Howard and E. Winterltorn (1993) Building 59,59 A. Gore (1992) Eartfi in the Baiance: Forging a New Environmental and Energy Design Survey, Watford Alderton (Marilta) House, Arnhem Land 120, 121-23 Common Purpose, London 0. Humm and P. Toggweiler (1993) Photovoltaics and alternative communities 48, 49 H. Greene (1976) Mind and Image, Lexington, Architecture: Protovoitaik und Architektur, Basei, Amarna, Tell el: stele 33 ICottage, Farm and Anderson DeBartolo Pan Inc.: NREL Solar Energy Art Studies from Nature as Applied to Design, London Villa Architecture, London Research Facility, Golden, Colorado 88, 89-91 F.E. Hulme (1874) Plants, their Natural Growth and C. Lyell (1830) Principles of Geology, London Ando, Tadao 51 Ornamental Treatment, London V. Matus (1988) Design for Northern Climates: Cold Museum of Wood, Mikata-gun, Hyogo, Japan 174, I. Illich (1973) Tools for Conviviality, New York Climate Planning and Environmental Design, 175-77 J. Loveioclt (1988) The Ages of GAIA: A Biography New Yorlt Water Temple, Tsuna-gun, Hyogo, Japan 196, 197-98 of Our Living Earth, Oxford A. and V. Olgyay (1957) Solar Control and Shading Apeldoorn, Netherlands: Centraai Beheer building 59 M.H. Nichoison (1959) Mountain Gloom and Mountain Devices, Princeton, NJ Apollo 8 sateliite 47 Glory: the Aesthetics of the Sublime, Ithaca, New York V. Oigyay (1963) Design with Climate, Princeton, NJ APS Manufacturing Faciiity, Fairfield, California 82, 83 W. Patterson (1990) The Energy Alternative: Changing the V. Olgyay (1963) Design with Climate: Bioclimatic Arc-et-Senans Saltworlts, France 19 Way the World Works, London Approach to Architectural Regionalism, New Yorlt Archigram Group 55 F. Ritterbush (1968) The Art of Organic Forms, Pacific Domes (1971) The Dome Book, California The Walking City 48, 49 Washington D. Pearson (1989) The Natural House Book, London Arcosanti, Arizona desert 48, 49 S. Schama (1995) Landscape and Memory, London H. Plummer (1987) Poetics of Light, Tokyo Aristotle 199, 237 H.G. Schenit (1966) The Mind of the European Romantics, H. Rostvilt (1992) The Sunshine Revolution, Stavanger Arnhem Land, Australia: Marilta Alderton House 120, London M. Sala and L.N. Ceccherini (1993) Technoigie 121-23 F. Schumacher (1974) Smali is Beautiful, London Soiari, Fiorence Art Nouveau 22 R. Sheldralte (1990) The Rebirth of Nature: the Greening P. Scheerbart (1919) Glass Architecture, (Ed D. Sharp, Arts and Crafts movement 21, 22, 23, 27, 29 of Science and God, London 19721, New Yorlt Arup Associates: Gateway Two, Basingstolte 58-59, 59 M. Singh (1993) The Sun and Myth in Art, London F. Siclt and T. Erge (1996) Photovoltaics in Buildings, asbestos 37, 42 I<. Thomas (1983) Man and the Natural World London Athens, Greece: 1500-1800, London Solar Architecture in Europe: Design, Performance Acropolis 24 H.D. Thoreau (1849) A Week on the Concord and and Evaluation (1991), Brussels Central Market 202, 203 Merrimack Rivers, Boston R. Spurgon and M. Flood (1990) Energy and Power: atria, 'free running' 59 H.D. Thoreau (1854) Walden, Boston A Practical Introduction with Projects and Activities, Autarkic House, Cambridge 56, 57 R. Todd (1946) Tracks in the Snow, London London Awaji Island, Hyogo, Japan: I

Index / Architecture and the Environment Newton's Cenotaph 19 Pomona, California 140, 141-43 glass 20, 23, 39, 48 Bowman, Obie G.: Spring Lalte Park Visitors Center, Doxford International Business Parlt, Sunderland 237, global warming 12, 42, 43, 237, 248 Santa Rosa 158, 159-61 240-41, 241 'globalization' 56 BRE see Building Research Establishment Dusseidorf, Germany: City Gate 224, 225-27 Godard, Jean-Luc: Le M6pris 57 Breuer, Marcel 23, 31 Goff, Bruce 52, 53 Brooltes Stacey Randali Fursdon: Thames Tower, London Bavinger House, Norman, Oklahoma 52, 53 220, 221-23 Golden, Colorado: NREL Solar Energy Research Bruges, Belgium 19 Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro (1992) 43, 44 Facility 88, 89-91 Brullet i Tenas, Miguei: Pubiic Library, Pompeu Fabra, East Anglia University see Norwich Goldsmith, Edward 56, 237 Matar6, Barcelona 41 Eastgate, Harare, Zimbabwe 200, 201 Gothic architecture 17, 20-21, 27 Brundtland Report (1988) 44 Ecologist, The 237 Gourna, Egypt: village (Fathy) 52 Brunel, Isambard I

'Index / Architecture and the Environment ...... , ...... , ...... Isozalti, Arata 51 Library and Cultural Centre, Herten, Germany 84, 85-87 Naltaya Museum of Snow and Ice, I

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Index / Architecture and the Environment Pei, I.M.: National Gallery of Art, Washington 51 Secessionism 22 Pennsyivania: Seed House and Forestry Centre, Marche-en-Famenne, Falling Water, Bear Run 29, 29 Belgium 182, 183-85 Vale, Brenda and Robert: Women's Humane Society Animal Shelter, Bensaiem Selangor, Malaysia: Menara Mesiniaga 11, 11, 232, Green Architecture 17 128, 129-31 233-35 Nottingham house 57-58 Perret, Auguste 54 Shaw, (Richard) Norman Shaw 21, 27 ventilation 12, 37, 38, 39, 41, 246, 247 Petzinlta, Pink und Partner: City Gate, Dusseldorf 224, Sheppard Robson: Helicon, London 204, 205-207 vernacular building 14-15, 16 225-27 Sher-E-Banglanagar, Dacca 50, 51 Versailles, France: Marie Antoinette's hamlet 20, 21 Philadelphia: Richards Medical Research Building Shinagawa, Japan: Matsushita Electronic 92, 93-95 Viaduct Refurbishment, Paris 212, 213-14 49, 56 'siclt building syndrome' 42 Vietnam War 47 photosynthesis 33 Simpson-Lee House, Blue Mountains, NSW 120 Villa Mairea, Noormarltltu, Finland 26 photovoltaic (PV) systems 13, 36, 41, 237, 238, 241, site: and architecture 8, 43 Villa Saraceno, Italy 25 241, 249 see also orientation Villa Savoye, Poissy 24, 25 Pilte, Alexander: Autarltic House, Cambridge 56, 57 Skidmore Owings and Merril 23 Voysey, C. F. A. 15, 21, 27 Poissy, France: Villa Savoye 24, 25 solar energy 15, 33, 35-36, 41-42, 57, 246, 247 pollution 14, 17, 20, 37, 43, 44, 242-43 see also 'passive solar design'; photovoltaic systems Pomona, California: Center for Regenerative Studies 140, Soleri, Paolo 48 14143 Arcosanti, Arizona desert 48, 49 Wagner, Otto 22 Pope, Alexander: Iliad 65 Space City, Japan 48 Walking City, The 48, 49 Potteries Thinkbelt 55, 56 Spring Lake Parlc Visitors Center, Santa Rosa, California Wallasey: St George's School 58 'Prairie Architecture' 29 158, 159-61 Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art 51 Prairie House, Norman, Oklahoma 52-53, 53 steel frame construction 54, 241 Water Temple, Hyogo, Japan 196,197-98 prefabrication 54 Steiner, Rudolf 53, 58, 59 Watson, Donald 57 Price, Cedric 55 steppes 246, 247 Webb, Michael 55, see Archigram Group Potteries Thinltbelt 55, 56 Stirling and Wiiford: Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart 51 Webb, Phiiip 27 Protagoras 18 Stocltholm: SAS building 59 The Red House, Bexley Heath 21, 21, 51 Prouve, Jean 31, 54 Stratford-upon-Avon: National Farmers Union Mutual well-being see comfort; health and well-being PV see photovoltaic systems and Avon Insurance head office 59, 59, 96 Westminster Lodge, Hooke Park, Dorset 11, 11, 194, 195 Studio E Architects: Doxford International Business White (Ian) Associates 70 Parlt, Sunderland 237, 240-41, 241 Wiggins Teap 58 Stuttgart, Germany: Staatsgalerie 51 Willis, Steve 40 recycling 16, 36 subtropical zones 246, 247 wind towers 15, 15 Red House, Bexley Heath 21, 21, 51 Sullivan, Louis 27 Windberg, Germany: Hostel for Youth Educational Renaissance architecture 18-19, 19, 26 sun, the 33, 35 Institute 136, 137-39 resources 16-17 see solar energy windows 39-40 recycling 16, 36 Sundborn, Sweden: summer house 51 WOBOL (World Bottle) 48 .see also sustainability Sunderland: Solar Offices, Doxford International Business Women's Humane Society Animai Shelter, Bensalem, RH Partnership: Ionica, Cambridge 78, 79-81 Park 237, 240-41,241 Pennsylvania 128, 129-31 '\ 'rightness of place' 43 sustainability 29, 36, 43-45, 237, 241, 242 Woodstock, New York State 47 Rio de Janeiro: Earth Summit (1992) 43, 44 Sydney Opera House, Australia 51 Woodward, Benjamin: Oxford Museum 21 RMJM see Matthew, Robert Wordsworth, William 21 Roberts (Isabet) House. River Forest. Iilinois 29 Wright (Andrew) Associates: Samye Ling Retreat, Rococo style 18, 22 Holy Island 238-39, 239 ! Rogers, Richard 56, 58, 237 Talteuchi, Altihiko: Centre for Japanese Studies, University Wright, David 57 Lloyds Building 58 of Indonesia 144, 145-47 Wright, Frank Lloyd 20, 23, 27, 29, 31, 52, 53 Rogers Partnership: Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona 29, 29 Falling Water, Bear Run 29, 29 Linz-Pichling solar city 58 Taut, Bruno 22, 23 Isabel Roberts House, River Forest 29 Parc BIT solar village, Majorca 58 Glass Pavilion, Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition Taliesin West, Scottsdale 29, 29 Roman architecture 15, 16, 17, 17 22, 23 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 19 technoiogicai development 12, 20-21, 23, 26, 30-31, Rudofsky, Bernard: 'Architecture Without 47,48, 54-55, 237, 42 Architects' 14 Telford, Thomas 21 Yale Art Gallery, New Haven 49 Rudolph, Paul 49 temperate zones 15, 246, 247 Yasuda Academia, Toltyo 208, 209-11 Rusltin, John 20, 21, 23 Tempest, The (Giorgione) 19 Yazgur, Max 47 The Seven Lamps of Architecture 20-21 Temple of Time, Oshima, Japan 124, 125-26 Yeang, ITorp, Niels: SAS building, nr Stocltholm 59 158, 159-61 Toyo Village Mason Museum, Japan 186, 187-89 Sarospatalt, Hungary: Cultural Centre 53 transport 242-43 savannah 246, 247 of construction materials 36-37 SBS see 'sick building syndrome' Trombe, Felix 57 Schempp, Dieter: apartment building, Biel, Switzerland 112, 113-15 Library and Cuitural Centre, Herten, Germany 84, 85-87 Uiuru-l

Index1 Architecture and the Environment