Uni Internatioral

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Uni Internatioral INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting througli an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. Uni Internatioral 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8311785 Opena, Camilo Lalap EXPORT BEHAVIOR AND INCENTIVES OF THE AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS IN THE PHILIPPINES The Ohio State University PH.O. 1983 University Microfilms I n tern stion si300 N. zeeb Road, Ann Arbor. Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or _____print 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy. 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages^ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in___ spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. Page(s)___________ lacking v/hen material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered___________ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. O t h e r ________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International EXPORT BEHAVIOR AND INCENTIVES OF THE AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS IN THE PHILIPPINES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University BY Camilo Lalap Opena, M.B.A. ******* The Ohio State University 1983 Reading Committee: Approved by: Dr. Lee C. Nehrt Dr. Wesley Johnston Dr. David E. Hahn Advisor Faculty of Internationa] Dr. Charles Ingraham Business 0 Copyright by Camilo Lalap Opena 1983 To my wife Luz, and kids Aristotle and John and To my parents 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the following: Dr. Lee C. Nehrt, for chairing the dissertation committee, for supervision and guidance throughout the study, and for endorsing financial assistance to the World Trade Institute. The other members of my dissertation committee. Dr. Wesley Johnston, Dr. David Hahn and Dr. Charles Ingraham, for their valuable comments and suggestions. Director Robert Keller and the World Trade Institute for financial support for the study. The Board of Investments of the Philippines, for the list of registered exporters and endorsements to the firms. Dean Pedro Sandoval, Jimmy Williams and the faculty of the Department of Management, University of the Philippines at Los Banos, for their valuable comments and suggestions. Dr. Robert Nygren and Fred Ruland for the statistical consultation and computer programs. Marjorie King, Cindy Coykendale and Mary Anne Herbst for the kind assistance on daily routines of the Ph.D. program. Dr. Uche Okeafor, Don Howard and Fred Westfall for making the office life friendly and enjoyable. Mr. Frank Turma for editing the dissertation. And finally, to my wife and kids and the whole Opena and Banayo Family, for the never-ending inspiration and moral support. Thanks to all. VITA July 15 , 1949............ Born - Batangas, Philippines 1970.................... Bachelor of Science In Agri­ business, University of the Philippines 1970-1971 ................ Research Assistant, National Research Council of the Philip­ pines 1972 .................... Instructor, University of the Philippines at Los Banos 1973-1974 ................ Scholar, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Studies in Agriculture (SEARCA) 1974.................... Master in Agribusiness Management, University of the Philippines 1975-1978 ................ Assistant Professor, University of the Philippines at Los Banos 1978-1981 ................ World Bank Scholar, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1981-1982 ................ Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1982 .................... M.B.A. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: International Business Minor Field: Agribusiness Management Studies in International Business. Professors David Ricks, Riad Ajami and Robert Driskill Studies in Agribusiness Management. Professors David Hahn, Mike Woolverton and Charles Ingraham Studies in Marketing. Professors Michael Czinkota, James Robeson and Donald Larson. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................ i ü VITA.......................................... iv LIST OF TABLES..................-............. vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION....................... .. 1 Background...................... .. 1 Statement of the Problem............ 19 Limitations of the Study..... 22 Possible Contributions of the Study, 24 Organization of the Study.. 26 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE.......... 28 Overview...................... 28 Export Incentive Studies... 29 Export Behavior Studies.....,.,.... 40 Export Studies in the Philippines.., 53 Summary................... 57 III. RESEARCH DESIGN.............. 59 Overview ..... 59 Scope of the Study......... 60 The Availability of Incentives Criterion......... 61 The Status of Exporting Activity Criterion.................... .. 62 The Size Critertion........ 63 The Type of Industry Criterion,..,.. 64 The Questionnaires......... 66 Hypotheses................. ...... 73 The Universe of Concern...,..... 79 The Target Group............................ 80 Data Collection............................. 81 Data Analysis,................ 83 TABLE OF CONTENTS (conf'd) CHAPTER Page IV. RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS................... 8 7 Overview................................. 8 7 MANOVA Results on Incentives......... 88 MANOVA Results on Status of Exports.... 102 MANOVA Results on Type of Industry 108 MANOVA Results on Size............... 115 Chi-Square Test Results.................. 124 V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS................... 131 Summary. ............................. 131 Conclusions of the Research.............. 132 Contributions of the Study to Literature............................ 138 Contributions of the Study to Philippine Policy..................... 139 Areas for Future Research................ 141 APPENDICES........................................... 144 A. Investment Incentives Act......... 145 B. Export I::; ontives Act...... 149 C. Questionnaires.................... 157 BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................... 167 VI LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Principal Exports of the Philippines...... 3 2. Leading Exports of Non-Traditional Manufacturers......................... 5 3. Traditional Exports of the Philippines 6 4. Exports of Non-Traditional Manufactures.... 7 5. Exports of Processed Foods................ 11 6. Handicrafts Exports by Type of Product 12 7. Top Export Markets for Philippine Products. 13 8. Foreign Trade of the Philippines.......... 15 9a. Results of Hypothesis Testing............. 87 9b. Cell Means for Individual Factors......... 88 10. Perceived Exporting Effects............... 91 11. Perceived Processing Effects.............. 91 12. Perceived Export Motivators (Initial Exporting)............................ 92 13. Perceived Export Motivators (Present Exporting)............................ 94 14. Perceived Export Obstacles (Initial Exporting)............................ 95 15. Perceived Export Obstacles (Present Exporting)............................ 96 16. Perceived Role of Export Incentives on Export Activity Decisions............. 98 17. Perceived Importance of Market Groups 99 18a. Results of Hypothesis Testing............. 102 18b. Cell Means for Status of
Recommended publications
  • KENT BUSINESS SUMMER SCHOOL Global Business in a Dynamic Environment 2 Kent Business School Summer School / Global Business in a Dynamic Environment
    KENT BUSINESS SUMMER SCHOOL Global Business in a Dynamic Environment 2 Kent Business School Summer School / Global Business in a Dynamic Environment GUEST SPEAKERS Michael Czinkota Michael Czinkota teaches international business and trade at University of Kent and at Georgetown University. He is also the chaired professor emeritus for international marketing at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom. Fluent in Spanish and German, he has held professorial appointments in Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Americas. Dr. Czinkota served in the U.S. government during the Reagan and Bush Administrations. In the Bureau of Export Administration he was senior advisor for export controls. As Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce he was responsible for trade analysis and retaliatory actions. He also was head of the U.S. Delegation to the OECD Industry Committee in Paris. Dr. Czinkota was a partner in a fur trading firm and in an advertising agency. His academic work has focused on export development strategies and the linkage between terrorism and international business. He has written widely in leading journals on the topic and teaches a graduate seminar on International Terrorism and Marketing. He was named as one of the top three contributors to the international business literature. Dr. Czinkota has worked with the U.S. Department of State on terrorism preparedness and has testified before Congress on the topic. He is the author of Mastering Global Markets – which reflects the challenges of international management in a world of conflict and uncertainty. He also wrote three leading college texts, International Marketing 10th edition, International Business 8th edition and Fundamentals of International Business 3rd edition.
    [Show full text]
  • Academy of Marketing Science March 2006July 2004, Volume 7, Number 1 & 2
    July 2004, Academy of Marketing Science March 2006July 2004, Volume 7, Number 1 & 2 Message from the President ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE OPTIONAL BENEFIT FORM My two years as Mentors Breakfast. Another is the contract president of the Academy that Harold Berkman, Rajan Varadarajan, and As an added membership benefit, the Academy of Marketing Science is pleased to offer you the of Marketing Science will Barry Babin negotiated with Springer to option of purchasing any of the following journals at a very reduced price. If you want to take come to a close on June 1 publish JAMS for the next five years. This advantage of this offer, please return this Optional Benefit Form with your completed of this year. I thank all contract will help provide important financial membership form. Make sure to provide your name and address for each selected journal. The of you for allowing me to stability to the Academy for years to come. Academy will then advise the publishers of your membership status and you will be billed serve in this important directly by the journal publishers. leadership position. In an I look forward to seeing you at the annual earlier draft of this message I started listing conference in San Antonio, Texas from May all of the people who had made special 24 to 27. Judy Siguaw and Greg Marshall contributions to the Academy during this have done a great job planning this event. ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE time. The number was staggering! We have Also remember to put the Cultural been very fortunate to have such a capable Perspectives in Marketing Conference on JOURNAL OF RETAILING and committed cadre of officers, Board of your summer schedule.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Consumption, Production And
    marketingmanagement INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Such a shift leads to a more systematic The eff ects of sector approach by producers, greater selectivity by consumers, and more specifi c attention and measures taken by Consumption, Production policymakers, all of which contributes to substantial GDP growth. During such a growth process, exports and Temporal Migration oft en “prime the pump” and become a magnet for urban migration, but on Global Markets aft er the infl ection point, blazing GDP growth is powered by domestic sales to domestic consumers and understood by policymakers. Marketers propose, but BY MICHAEL R. CZINKOTA & ROGER BLACKWELL consumers dispose, therefore determining [email protected] the growth of economies and health of [email protected] individual fi rms. U.S. GDP grew rapidly in past decades mostly because the proportion istory discloses that the most important people of urban baby-boomer women working shaping global markets, employment and outside of their homes went from minus- cule to massive. Food preparation, child HGDP are consumers. Media tend to attribute care, home maintenance and transpor- economic health to political leaders, parliament or tation changed from non-monetized to measured. GDP soared with mountains central banks, but marketers know that consumers of markets for goods and services rang- control 70% or more of GDP in mature economies. ing from autos, refrigerators and auto- matic washing machines to restaurants, Traditional economic analysis focuses on fi scal prepared foods and grocery stores, and monetary policies. Marketers and behavioral along with health care, lawn services, economists focus on consumers dominating global child care and cleaning, mostly bought by consumers formerly producing those markets now and in the future, heavily shaped by products themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2019 AMS Quarterly 3 AMS UPCOMING EVENTS
    AMS President’s Message FROM THE EDITOR The Academy of Marketing Science continues to lead the marketing discipline in important contributions to knowledge. We exist to serve our members and advance the professional field of marketing through our publications including: The Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, AMS Review, and of course through our conferences. We are all looking forward to the annual conference in 2018 was another fantastic year for AMS on all fronts: two Vancouver, Canada (May 29-31). Thanks to Jeannette Mena and successful conferences in New Orleans and Porto, the continued Altaf Merchant, we will have an excellent program with almost successful expansion of our membership, and the unbound 500 in attendance. We are also looking forward to the World successes of both the AMS Review and JAMS. We expect to Marketing Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland (July 9-12). Tina continue these successes in 2019. Harrison and Mary Brennan are co-chairing the congress, and Our fantastic conferences are once again right around the we anticipate another excellent event. corner, as we’re heading to vivacious Vancouver in just a few AMS conferences are unique in the marketing discipline weeks and the enchanting Edinburgh not long after. If you because of the number of events that provide a collaborative haven’t already, please sign up and join us in one or both events, environment for networking and interacting with colleagues. we certainly look forward to seeing you! As we continue in the The annual conference in Vancouver includes 376 papers/pre- AMS spirit of engagement, let us not forget to each do our part sentations, with the consumer behavior and digital marketing & by constantly fostering that spirit of collegiality the academy is social media tracks leading the paper count.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Global Business: a Reader / [Edited By] Michael R Czinkota, Ilkka a Ronkainen, Masaaki Kotabe
    The Future of Global Business The Future of Global Business A Reader Michael R. Czinkota McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University and the University of Birmingham, U.K. Masaaki Kotabe Institute of Global Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, P.A. Ilkka A. Ronkainen McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. First published 2011 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2011 Taylor & Francis The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Typeset in Berling and Futura by Keystroke, Station Road, Codsall, Wolverhampton Printed and bound in the United States of America on acid-free paper by Sheridan Books Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The future of global business: a reader / [edited by] Michael R Czinkota, Ilkka A Ronkainen, Masaaki Kotabe.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism Studies in International Business
    InsightsVol. 13, No. 4, 2013 Terrorism Studies in Born Global in Bangalore: International Business: Emergent Pathways for Increasing Knowledge, International New Ventures Reducing Victimization via Multinational Enterprise Gabriele Suder, Networks Michael Czinkota Shameen Prashantham p3 p13 FDI in the Former Soviet A Few Lessons from my Long Periphery in Six Charts Experience in IB Research— Kalman Kalotay Opinion/Editorial: p8 Yair Aharoni p17 Comments from the Editors IN THE LAST ISSUE OF 2013 we bring you an eclectic collection of articles that we find interesting and useful. In “Terrorism Studies in International Business: Increasing Knowledge, Reducing Victim- ization,” Gabriele Suder of SKEMA Business School and Michael Czinkota of Georgetown University propose that terrorism studies have become an integral part of the internation- al business (IB) literature, despite the difficulties inherent in studying the phenomenon. Romie Frederick Littrell, Editor Hopefully terrorism itself will suffer from enhanced exposure and knowledge, which, over Auckland University of time may lead to containment in the future. Technology, New Zealand Kalman Kalotay of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Switzerland, presents in “FDI in the Former Soviet Periphery in Six Charts” a concise yet in- formative review of what has been going on regarding investment in the periphery coun- tries of the former USSR. He concludes that the small former Soviet republics need strong investment promotion efforts if they wish to overcome the handicaps he enumerates and convince potential foreign investors first to put them on the map and then to choose them for concrete projects. In “Born Global In Bangalore: Emergent Pathways For International New Ventures via Mul- tinational Enterprise Networks” Shameen Prashantham of the Nottingham University Busi- ness School China believes recent thinking on MNE networks suggests that opportunities Daniel Rottig, Associate Editor arise for internationally-minded, innovative new ventures (INVs).
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism, Corporate Performance and Business Strategies: Presence, Impact, and Future
    Terrorism, Corporate Performance and Business Strategies: Presence, Impact, and Future Inaugural Dissertation for obtaining the academic degree of Doctor rerum oeconomicarum (Dr. rer. oec.) Faculty of Management and Economics Schumpeter School of Business and Economics University of Wuppertal Submitted by Faisal Saeed MALIK M.Phil. & M.Sc. Entrepreneurship and SME Management 1. Supervisor Prof. Dr. Werner Bönte Chair of Industrial Organization and Innovation Schumpeter School of Business and Economics Bergische Universität Wuppertal 1. Supervisor Prof. Dr. Vivien Procher Chair of Entrepreneurship and Innovative Business Models Philipps-Universität Marburg The PhD thesis can be quoted as follows: urn:nbn:de:hbz:468-20210120-100033-9 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ade%3Ahbz%3A468-20210120-100033-9] DOI: 10.25926/ad5x-p077 [https://doi.org/10.25926/ad5x-p077] Thanks for sponsoring1 my Dissertation2: 1 I am highly indebted to Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan for funding my doctoral studies. Chair of Industrial Organization and Innovation (Prof. Dr. Werner Bönte), Jackstädt Center of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Research, Center for Graduate Studies (CGS), and Schumpeter School of Business and Economics at Bergische Universität Wuppertal has graciously supported my doctoral research, conferences, and research travels, 2 Doctoral dissertation is printed with the support of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). ii DEDICATION By the Grace of Allah, I dedicate this dissertation to my father, Muhammad Saeed Malik; my mother, Zamurd Saeed Malik; sisters, Hina & Sadia; and my elder brother, Adil Saeed Malik. I stand in solidarity with all victims and survivors of terrorism. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am greatly thankful to my supervisor Werner Bönte for accepting me as a doctoral student on a phone call.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Conference
    The Academy of Marketing Science Honors Don Lehman 2009 AMS CUTCO/Vector Distinguished Marketing Educator 2009 Annual Conference “Marketing for a Better World” Marriott Waterfront Baltimore, MD, USA May 20 – 23, 2009 2 Welcome to the Academy of Marketing Science Corporate Culture, Governance and Responsibility 2009 Annual Conference Margit Enke, Freiberg University of Technology, Germany Anja Geigenmüller, Freiberg University of Technology, From: Germany Conference Co-chairs, Michael R. Czinkota, Georgetown University, USA Education Outreach, Teaching, and Learning and University of Birmingham, UK Attila Yaprak, Wayne State University, USA Ilkka Ronkainen, Georgetown University, USA Environment and Sustainability M. Joseph Sirgy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Program Coordinator University, USA Lin Qing, Georgetown University, USA Expanding Marketing Outreach Coskun Samli, University of North Florida, USA Welcome to Baltimore. We are delighted to have a record number Freedom, Economic Restructuring, and Quality of Life of attendees at this important annual meeting of the Academy of Jim Slater, University of Birmingham, UK Marketing Science. Important, because in dire times, we, as marketers, are key agents of social change. We employ our Global and Cross-Cultural Marketing knowledge and talents to assist individuals, companies and Constantine Katsikeas, University of Leeds, UK government in achieving a higher level of well being. The Marketing and Global Risk challenge is great. The prevalence of a market economy is not an Gary Knight, Florida State University, USA automatic given any more. Key tenets of our discipline, such as Douglas Johansen, Florida State University, USA risk, profit, competition, and ownership are being re-defined and Marketing Research and Metrics re-assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism Studies in International Business: Increasing Knowledge, Reducing Victimization
    Terrorism Studies in International Business: Increasing Knowledge, Reducing Victimization Gabriele Suder, SKEMA Business School, France Michael Czinkota, Georgetown University, USA WE SUGGEST THAT TERRORISM STUDIES have become an inte- with foreign investment became a basis for extended argumentation in gral part of the international business (IB) literature, despite the difficul- the context of terrorism. The way in which such events affect the firm ties inherent in its research, and that the (ongoing) consolidation of this depends, to a large extent, on the managerial perceptions of events literature stream now provides IB researchers and practitioners with an and outcomes, which, in turn, will guide resulting action. Weir (2002) affluence of insights to benefit from in the future. examined manmade disasters and postulated that risky reactions by companies are contingent on the negligence of appropriate strategies, or worse, in the belief in “managerial triumphalism.” From windmills to ugly faces However, any type of terrorism greatly increases the level of uncertainty Terrorism analyses have been part of research in the fields of political sci- in the complexity of international business (Enderwick, 2001; Suder & ence, geopolitics and criminology for centuries. In business studies, the Czinkota, 2007). Global terrorism fosters a modification of perceptions, phenomenon was typically scrutinized in a limited manner, mainly under scale and scope of stakeholders, and it questions the universality of cor- a financial or political risk management
    [Show full text]