January/February 1992 Volume 18, Number 6

National First Winners selected in "Urban Detail"Assignment

fter a slow start, a number of Aentries have come in for the first assignment in the ASSIGN- MENT 3-D competition announced in the JulyIAugust '91 Stereo World. Additional images which arrived ahead of the March 15,1992 deadline for the "Urban Detail" assignment will appear in following issues. Next assignment: "Animals" By this we mean any life form other than plants or humans. Wild, domestic, fuzzy, slimy, endangered, microscopic, flying, biting, burrowing, slobbering or sleeping animalsare eligible- "The Giant Web" by Michael Passarelli, Flushing, NY. This view of the Brooklyn Rrid~ewas Selected for publication will be taken with a Realist on June 6, 1991. Kodachrome 64, 1/1 50th, f/l 1. those images using stereo in a way which best reveals some aspect of time. Rather than tag images as first, be reproduced in black and white.) the creature pictured. Deadline for second or third place winners, the idea Include all relevant caption material the "Animals" assignment is will be to present as many good stere- and technical data as well as your September 15, 1992. ographs as possible from among those name and address. Each entrant may submitted. submit up to 6 images per assignment. The Rules Prizes are limited to the worldwide Any stereographer, amateur or pro- As space allows (and depending on fame and glory resulting from the pub- fessional, is eligible. Stereos which the response) judges will select for lication of your work. Anyone and any have won Stereoscopic Society or PSA publication in each issue the two or image in any print or slide format is competitions are equally eligible, but three best views submitted by press eligible. (Keep in mind that images will please try to send views made within the past eight years. All views will be returned within 6 to 12 weeks, but "Sewing Machine Fence" by Otto Willau, Vienna, Austria, 1991. In the outskirts of Vien- stereoworld and the NSA assume no na, where Mr. Willau lives, are many houses inhabited by do-it-yourself types who create responsibility for the safety of pho- interesting yards and gardens. This fence was built with the heavy cast-iron side parts of tographs. please include return postage old treadle sewing machines - a better fate, at least, than the scrap metal furnace. Cam- with entries. submission of an image era:Twin Yashica 108. Film: Fujichrome 50. constitutes permission for its one- use reproduction in Stereo World. All other rights are retained by the photographer. Send all entries directly to: ASSIGN- MENT 3-D, 5610 SE 71st, Portland, OR 97206. m

STEREO WOR1.D JanuarylFebmary 1992 Table of con ten^ Volume 18, Number 6 JanuaryIFebruary 1992 Copyright 01992 by the In This Issue B.F. Childs' Images Along Lake Superior ...... 4 by Lynn Marie Mitchell NSA Duaru ur UI~~SC~O~SVirtual Sculpture ...... 13 Andy 1Griscom by Robert A. DeVoe David tiutchison Profiles From Oblivion: The Atherton "Mystery" 16 Dietel Lorenz ...... -. , by Norman R. Patterson Susan- rlnsKy T.K. Treadwell 3-D Floral Radiographs ...... 20 Paul Wing by Albert G. Richards Full Size Stereo Ferrotypes: The Rarest of the Rare? ...... 26 NSA ( by 1ohn E. Schwenker 601rdon D. Hc ~ffman,Pre .... The 3-D Cutting Edge ...... 30 John Waldsmlth, Vice President, Activities by Ray Zone John Weiler, Secreta Stereo's Ups & Downs Reflected in Text Books ...... 37 )avid Whe,eler, Treasr stereo World Staff Regular Features John Dennis, Editor Mark Willke. Art Direc4-- Editor's View Comments and Observations, by lohn Dennis ...... 2 Reader's Comments and Questions 3 tional S iertfu5C; Letters ...... ,,,,ciationA lnnn View-Master Information on the Reel World, by Wolfgang & Mary Ann Sell 24 (~f?In~t?r~hipS,renewals, address cnanges, ...... class~fmedads, d~splayads) P.O. Box 14801 The Society News from the Stereoscopic Society of America, by Norman R. Patterson . 28 Columbus, OH 43214 NewViews Current Information on Stereo Today, by David Starkman &1oh11Dennis ... 34 World EditoriiaI Off ice! Classified Buy, Sell, or Trade It Here 38 etters to thc D &tor, articles...... calend$3r bstmngs) Calendar A Listing of Coming Events 40 561 0 SE 71 st Ave...... Portland, OR 97206 "3-0 Movles" Editor " " ?hepard Front Cover: nple Ave., #: 399 Stereoscopic X-rays have been known for years 3. CA 91744 in medicine and industry. In the case of a-u Ir~asures" Ed ltor powers, radiography is used not to find broken norI Lame bones or tumors, but to reveal details of the .,,a ".. 1: i Anson St., I3oston, MA (lL 1 JU inner structure without cutting and peeling -- -- 4 away much of what you wanted to see. Done "NewVie 3r more for art than botany, NSA member Albert - David_ mx 2368. Lulver ~lty.GI G. Richards has been making them for over 30 - - years. What makes his imqqec tntly special is me Unknowns" Ec that many are stereo pairs, like thit gracefitlly Dave Kleln sensual Columbine blossom. For more such Han~svilleRd., Mt Airy. I ------views and Mr. Richard's account of how they 'View-Ma!ster" Editors are made, see "3-0 Floral Radio,qraphsn on Wolfgang 8I Mary Ann Sell page 20. Iroadvlew Dr.. Cincinnati. OH 45208

ouver wenaell nolmes Stereo World (ISSN 0191-4030) 1s publ~shedblmonthl by the Natlonal Stereoscoplc Assoclatlon Inc P 0 Box 14801. Columbus, OH 43214 All r~ghtsreserved Mater~alIn t[ls ubl~cat~onmay not be reproduced without krltten perrnlsslon Stereosco ic Research Library of the NSA. Inc Prlnted In USA A subscr~pt~onto Stereo gorld~sIncluded w~thNSA membersh~p Annual membership Eastern COII!~~. St Dav~ds,PA 19087 ------dues: $22 th~rdclass US, $32 flrst class U S . $34 Canada and forelgn surface. $48 Internattonal armall All member. sh~psare based on the publ~shlngyear of Stereo World wh~chbeg~ns In March and ends w~ththe JanuaryIFebruary Issue of the next year All new memberships recelved w~llcommence w~ththe MarchIApr~lIssue of the current calendar Stereoscoplc Society of America year When applylng for membersh~p please advlse us 11you do not des~rethe back Issues of the current volume Jack E. Cavender, Corres ndlng Secretary 1677 Dorsey Ave , Sulte C. gstPolnt. GA 30344 Member, International Stereoscoplc Union Renewal loss of color. Only polarized glasses technology continue. Will this would be required for viewing. eventually expand and enrich peo- f you haven't renewed your NSA ple's appreciation of stereo images? Imembership by now, you've VR! It could be that an image one blown the deadline for the basic Of course the hottest 3-D topic manipulates directly in three $22 bulk mail subscription rate. currently is Virtual Reality, and the dimensions will have far more of Before letting any feelings of few who haven't at least heard of it such an effect than any number of despair over this dominate your will soon have that gap closed holograms floating on cereal boxes life, remember that for only anoth- thanks to the movie The Lawn- or credit cards. Between virtual er ten dollars you'll receive this mower Man, which may do for (or reality systems and things like first class publication by first class to) VR what Star wars did for micro-polarizer arrays, 3-D images mail. (And you'll be reading it up holography. Much more on the could well become more common to four weeks earlier than the bulk hardware, software, and various than flat ones in a decade or so. mail subscribers.) More important, implications (both social and stere- Your experiences with (or thoughts you won't miss the many fascinat- ographic) of virtual reality systems about) VR are invited. ing articles coming up in 1992. will be appearing in these pages as The amount and variety of the strange looking helmets steadi- Next - material that arrives in the mail ly move into that place in public After a long absence, the popu- continues to amaze me. Anything awareness once occupied by the lar feature "The Unknowns" will from article ideas to filler to news stereoscope. Despite their popular- return to SW starting with the items to complete features can ity and wide distribution, holo- next issue. Neal Bullington will show up - sometimes in combina- grams are still actually created by again select unidentified views for tions that overflow the mailbox. very few people working with rela- reproduction and present the solu- When all of this is added to the tively expensive and complex tions sent in by readers. Also already scheduled articles and technology. Virtual reality, on the returning will be a feature seen columns, a unique publication other hand, may soon offer anyone every four years, our stereo cover- results - one that is well worth the the chance at 3-D interaction - age of the New Hampshire presi- slight added expense of first class first through arcades and later as a dential primary election campaign postage. This issue's feature on B.F. consumer item as rapid advance- by frequent SW contributor Lau- Childs and our recent features on ments in computer and video rance Wolfe. ra Samoa and H.H. Bennett are typical of the well researched stereo history articles currently in the works for future issues. (Overdue thanks must go to NSA Board member Andy Griscom for his help in editing such major articles. It allows me more time for the mil- lion and three little details clutter- ell Treadwell, wifc e of form ;her research in extensive ing up the rest of the operation, as N NSA president and currenl itings. well as a bit more time for sleep board member T.K. Tr eadwell, She had s t some nights.) died February 17, 199,.3 Noll..,.. nrc3blems for several years ar~d Our coverage of the emerging and Tex met in graduate schoc d recently experie era1 technology of micro polarizer and were married in 1942. As okes, leading to h er hospit al- arrays, in this issue's "The 3-D Cut- ~tionin February. Nell will be well as singing, she played anc . . ting Edge", is equally typical of the corniposed for both or gan and missed at NSA conventions Dy way we try to stay on top of cur- piar10 and ta ught mu!sic in the many members who found rent developments in the whole Tex;IS and Mi aryland schools. her company and conversation . . .. field of stereo imaging. This partic- Deeply interested in all aspects a- delightful- and calming respite ular advance (in essence, indepen- of history, she active1y re- frc,m the hc xtic pact: of pro- dently polarized pixels) has the searched her family glenealogy gr;3ms, mee tings ancI trading. potential of making 3-D video and preserved much ()f the ph0- 01 Ir thougkits and sjmpathie 's .-- practical and affordable on a large tog1,aphic ret :ord. Her historica11 arc ? with Iex, who has done so scale. Combined with high defini- interest exte~nded to amtiques, mi uch in ev over the tion screens, the concept could )n ars for th 3 and she beca me. ..an a.1~thority ( ye offer sharp stereo images with no early glass ana silver, documer1t- flicker, restricted viewing angles, or Samoa view of my having worked there the Asian mainland, negative aspects of am more impressed than ever for a few months in the early '80s. Samoan life weren't stereographed or pub- While I can't ascertain past lished due largely to this paternalistic Iwith the readers of Stereo World. approach to "our Pacific Island cousins". Since the publication of my article stereo-vping of Samoan cultural life activities "such as siva-danc- A similar slant to any published stere- "Samoa: Stereoviews and Stereo- I ographs today (see the review of "La types" I have heard from several ing, tapa-making or kava-drink- Guadeloupe" in New Views) would be in collectors with information I was ing", I can say that I participated an effort to protect tourism, as you sug- not able to turn up in two years of in the annual "Palolo sea worm" gest. What would really be the most inter- extensive museum and library harvest by standing hip-deep in esting and revealing would be a stereo research. seawater for a few hours. The Palo- "Day in the Life of Samoa" treatment pro- Both Rob Oechsle of Okinawa, lo is an edible worm that migrates duced by about a dozen photographers Japan and Dorothy Truhon of in swarms past the islands on one from around the world as well as an equal or two nights a year and is a prized number of SAMOAN photographers Gainesville, Florida wrote to say - Ed. that Keystone #I6405 (fig. 7 in the article) was originally published by But it be stereo- Kilburn (#8377) under the title photographing the yearly American The Stereo Credit Crunch usamoan ~~b~at the ~~i~.nSamoa dog-shoot, in which village Fred Lightfoot made some good That this image was not made in hunters are issued rifles to hunt points in his letter [SW Sept./Oct. Samoa, but was later marketed as the '91 page 131 about stereo publish- though it had been seems to affirm spring vjllage and pets? ers giving credit. Many people you my point that the content of a The sight of a pickup truck full of wouldn't suspect used images from popular image was less important carcasses passing others, and giving credit was rare. than its function as a blank canvas PagO-Pagois not the idea a If you pirated the view, then you to hang a caption on. Mrs. Truhon tourists' paradise. Nor would stereo probably didn't want to identify also informs me of several other macro close-ups of the old wooden the source; if you bought it, you Kilburn/Samoan/Chicago images sty1e used didn't have to. of which I was unaware. by the Samoans' ancestors in their Take John Soule of Boston, who Readers should know that the eating of "long-pig," or ritual can- bought hundreds of negatives but Southeast Museum of Photogra- nibalism. was pretty scrupulous. Sometimes, phy, of which I an director, is plan- More preferable would be stereo as with his "Skeleton Leaves" ning a survey of popular imagery shots pretty pastel colored series, he not only credited the of Seminole Indians for the sum- homes and thatch "fales" (huts) in maker, but noted the copyright. mer of 1993 which will include outlying coastal villages. And so On the other hand, he seems to stereos. We would be delighted to toot macro shots of butterflies and have often bought views with the hear from collectors willing to gorgeous flowers. And stereo right to copyright, as with his lend material for this show. images of modern day Samoan images of California made by ~l~~~~D~~~~~ ~~~d~~~~~, women who are taking their place Hazeltine. In other cases, if you Director as off-island fashion models on the read the fine print, he distin- Southeast Museum of Pacific Rim. Not to forget stereo- guished between what he bought Photography photos of the present German and what he photographed him- Daytona Beach inhabitants of the former German self. His post-war images of Community college Samoa, like the woman I saw walk- Charleston, made by George PO Box 2811 ing to a neighbor's house carrying Barnard, identify Soule just as D~~~~~~ F~ 32120- a black glass cake cover with its "Publisher" and say only that they 2811 iron cross style handle. were "Taken on the spot...". But Perhaps someday 1'11 return to for the series immediately follow- Dorothy Truhon also suggested that American Samoa and properly ing, of the Portland fire, he claims readers could help identifi, other ethnic image Robert Louis Stevenson's that they were "Photographed by groups photographed at that 1893 World's Fair. This would especially apply to grave - in stereo. John P. Soule". images later published by the same or oth- Ron Paul Smith B.W. Kilburn of New Hampshire er view publishers WITHOUT mentioning Sharon, MA was not as ethical. Starting in the in the title that they were taken at a fair The concern of turn-of-the-century 1870s he either bought or pirated or other exposition. stereographers (and more so of the view views from dozens of people such - Ed. publishers who wrote the captions) seems as Wilson, Hazeltine, Braun, Good, to have been to present the Samoans as England, Soule, and Ferrier & The stereo article on Samoa (Vol. innocents in need ofAmerican guidance Soulier. He copyrighted practically 18 #4) was most interesting in and protection. Unlike many views from (Continued on page 37)

STEREO WORLD JanuarylFebruary 1992 3 by Lynn Marie Mitchell -

mong the earliest of the 19th A century photographers to --- .--- arrive in the upper Peninsula of --- Michigan was Bernard (Brainard) Freemont Childs, a Civil War vet- &* - u2 eran who first arrived in Houghton '. %. %V .. . during 1867- 68. Undoubtedly one .L -( -&. $9 of the most prolific photographers of the Lake Superior region, Childs a practiced his art for over twenty years, and eventually compiled a stereoscopic view list of at least 500 images. With his assistants, Childs sailed the entire Lake Supe- rior shoreline in his small sailboat named The Wanderer, and docu- mented those voyages through hundreds of stereographs he published under the title "Gems of IFF^ Lake Superior Scenery." His arrival Fw in ~ichi~anmarked the emer- gence of one of the more notable careers amon~lLake Superior pho- I tographers an2 sparked somLinter- esting and significant relationships among photographers from that I I , &?b+*d region. 7:c+,& Childs arrived in Houzhton" at , 25 years of age, having spent time in the Civil War as a member of the 2nd Vermont Infantry Regi- mental Band, a group of 23 musi- cians, all volunteers. Though his service lasted only from June to December of 1861 - due to the dis- missal of regimental bands by the War Department as an unnecessary expense - it had a lasting impact on his life. Childs suffered severelv from diseases throughout his service and was given a furlough R.F. Childs employs his artistic skills painting a sign advertising the gallery selling his Michigan views, about 1870. Marquette County Historical Society Collection. from 4 Se~temberto 14 October. ' i

STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary 1992 5 Taken by army ambulance to "Childs' Art Gallery, Marquetre. " Two stereoscopes are visible here, ready for visitors to Washington, he was sent to his sample some of the hundreds of Childs views from around Lake Michigan. (All stere- hometown of Wilmington, ographs from author's collection.) Delaware to convalesce. His diseases resulted from exposure dur- labor, especially in his later years. wartime service and was finally ing and subsequent to the army This may account for his decision clarified when he applied for a campaign that culminated in the to leave the photographic profes- government pension for that ser- First Rattle of Manassas. Years later sion after some twenty or so years. vice. According to a deposition Childs wrote a lengthy description The incorrect spelling of Childs' taken by Childs, and witnessed by of his afflictions, particularly that first name from Bernard to his lifelong friend and fellow pho- he suffered painfully his entire life Brainard appears in records and tographer Daniel Cross, Childs from chronic diarrhea, rendering documents for the duration of his "...further deposes that his regi- him unable to perform manual lifetime. The error is traced to his ment was in line to march on a reconnaissance into the enemy's country that resulted in the "Among the Copper Mines." Views under this title form part of a subseries to "Gems of engagement of Drainsville [sic], Lake Superior Scenery", in which Childs provided an extensive stereo record of Michigan's Va, when the furlough was copper and iron mines. B.F. Childs No. 174, "Among the Copper Mines" has to rate as one of the most dramatic After the discharge of the 2nd views of its type. Vermont Regiment in December of 1861, Childs remained in the brought to his cot, and it was then up photography was Daniel Cross Washington, D.C. area, and later too late to correct the spelling of from Vermont. Cross and Childs operated photographic businesses his first name, and he further became lifelong friends after they at nearby Fort Alexandria and deposes that Bernard F. Childs and served together in the Civil War. Richmond, Virginia. Existing Brainard F. Childs are one and the Cross himself was a member of the cartes de viste with his advertise- same person." photographic profession for well ment on the back reveal that he Bernard Childs was an artist pri- over fifty years, being among other also spent Some time working as a or to his enlistment in the army, things one of the first manufactur- photographer in Marblehead, Mas- and given his fondness for such ers of the gelatin dry plate. sachusetts. From there Childs arts as music and painting, it is not spent a short period of time work- surprising that he entered the photographic profession-The individ- "Old Nokomis - Sault Ste. Mane." Childs' views of Native Americans are highly regarded ual responsible for Childs taking as being among the most intimate and revealing of the living environment, despite the lack of the subject's full name in the title.

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STEREO WOR1.D JanuarylFehruary 1992 7 ing in the photographic portrai- B.F. Childs No. 73, "Indian Bural Ground, rAnse." Stereo'qraphic evidence that mission- ture business in Vermont with his aries had reached the north shore ofLake Michigan long before Childs brought his camera friend Daniel Cross. to record the Chippewa people. The young artist moved from Vermont to northern Michigan's Brubaker, who is best known for Childs and Brubaker published a Keeweenaw Peninsula during his photographic publishing busi- second series, "The Picturesque of 1867-68 to pursue his photograph- ness. He began printing Childs' Lake Superior", which also were ic career. Among the photogra- first images of the Lake Superior printed on yellow mounts. All phers who already had established region as a stereoscopic series information about these early themselves in business there was titled, "Lake Superior Views", images was always printed on the Christian B. Brubaker from which were published on yellow back. A large proportion of the Houghton. Shortly after his arrival, mounts from his Houghton studio. images portray the copper mining Childs began working with Besides "Lake Superior Views", industry, which was the early lifeblood of the town of Houghton. Both of these series R.F. Childs No. 23, "The Pictured Rocks. The Castle."As precisely composed as a paint- were printed by Brubaker during ing, this gem among the "Gems" illustrates Childs' skill with the classic, 19th century the late 1860s and into 1870. stereo scenic tradition. Yo *- I' I 7 ,e,l " 5 I<- - .I'cci If. ,i: asclda B.E Childs No. 37, "The Pictured Rocks. Wieck Cliff and Cascade." region, it appears that the studio still functioned in his absence. While some of Childs' earliest industry. He opened his own stu- Childs and Cloe developed both a images from these two series do dio on Front Street, which over- personal and professional relation- exist, they are not as familiar as his looked the harbor. His business, ship, as Cole first became a manag- later work. Some of these early called "Childs Art Gallery", er and eventually part-owner in views (yellow mounts), particular- became one of the largest and best the business. ly the copper mining activities and known studios in the Upper Penin- in numer- Chippewa Indian images, were sula. ous stereographs taken by Childs. also published later as part of Childs' studio was successful Sometime in the early 1870s Childs' third and most popular enough that he soon employed at Childs began traveling along the stereoscopic series, "Gems of Lake least two assistants, Charles D. Lake Superior shoreline in his Superior Scenery." tole and EC. ~~f~~.while childs small sailboat, The Wanderer. With By 1871 Childs had moved to himself photographed and trav- one or two of his assistants, he Marquette, a bustling harbor town eled throughout the northern eventually traveled the entire experiencing tremendous growth due in part to the iron mining "Victoria Point. 300 feet high." --

STEREO WORLD JanuarylFebruary 1992 9 shoreline, documenting these voy- R.F. Childs No. 488, "Ste Marie Rapids Pilot" illrrstrntes the pllotographer:~appreciation ages through hundreds of stere- of stereo impact and his interest in individual Chippewa personalities. ographs. It was primarily from these voyages that Childs was able "Among the Iron Mines", and helped to identify the gaps that to produce "Gems of Lake Superior "Winter Scenery on Keeweenaw exist within that series. Scenery", his largest and best Point." In addition to the magnificent known body of work, printed on B.F. Childs had a habit of num- scenic record that he created and orange mounts. Many of these bering his negatives, although all both the copper and iron mining images also were labeled with a were not consistently labeled. This activities he recorded, Childs pho- subseries which represented a vari- numerical sequence helps to deter- tographed the Chippewa Indians ety of topics: "North Shore Ram- mine travel patterns which reflect who lived throughout the Lake blings", "South Shore Ramblings", Childs' various trips along the Superior region. In fact, the late "Views of Mackinac Scenery", shoreline. The numbering also has William Darrah identified Childs "Among the Copper Mines", as one of the more notable photographers of American ~ndians during the years 1860 through "Among the Iron Mines of Lake Superior." An underground view of an 1870s workplace that today looks more like the set of an Indiana Jones movie. 1892. Childs made a notable num-

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10 STFRFO WOR1.D JanuaryIFebruary 1992 "Among the Iron Mines." A welcome view back into daylight. original publisher, and William Whitesides. For a time, Childs' ber of photographs of the Chippe- also provides an unusual glimpse work was published by Brubaker wa tribe. The bulk of these images into a photographer's business from both Houghton and Mar- are from the Sault Ste. Marie area, operations during the 1870s. He quette. Although he continued to where he photographed the Indian was shipping gross lots of his stere- maintain his Houghton studio, villages along the Saint Mary's Riv- ographs to all the notable photo- Brubaker had moved to Marquette er. Childs also photographed the graphic companies, including E.H. to go into partnership with White- Garden River area, located on the Anthony & Company; Wilson sides in about 1872. They worked Canadian side of the Saint Mary's Hood & Company; John H. Fesch together publishing Childs' "Gems River. He recorded the Chippewa & Company; Sammons Clark & of Lake Superior Scenery" on from the LIAnse Reservation near Company; Lovejoy & Foster and orange mounts. A significant Baraga, and Beaver Bay, located Woodbridge & Forbes. In terms of amount of Childs' existing work along Lake Superior's north shore. photographic supplies, "10% does not credit him as the photog- Childs' photographs depict a range ounces of nitrate silver cost rapher, but rather as published by of well-known personalities among $10.12, and 8 dozen albumen Brubaker & Whitesides. the Chippewa, including "Old paper cost $7.40." Childs was sell- An important entry in Childs' Nokomis" and "The Rapids Pilot" ing stereographs for $18.00 per ledger on January 8, 1873, details as well as revealing a lifestyle that gross, $3.00 per dozen or .25 each. the dissolution of the co-partner- included whitefishing, basket-mak- Moreover, Childs Art Gallery, com- ship between Brubaker and White- ing, and canoe-building. The inti- plete with a waiting room, carried sides, who ended up working macy that Childs was able to cap- a large supply of frames, paintings, together only a year. Childs and ture in his images imparts an obvi- and other photographic supplies. Brubaker continued their business ous trust between him and the Stereoscopes were available for relationship, and another notable people he chose to photograph. $1.50 each. The ledger also reveals journal entry from August 11, One of the men appearing fre- that Childs and his assistant 1874 notes the sale of an unspeci- quently in Childs' stereographs is Charles Cole were making a good fied number of Childs' stereoscop- an Indian who perhaps acted as a salary for the time. During 1872, ic negatives to Brubaker for the guide for the photographer. from February 1st to November sum of $3,250. Childs owned and operated a 14th, Childs earned $1104.45 and Adding further confusion to the thriving photographic business in Cole made $568.00. These salaries problem of identifying Childs' the upper peninsula of Michigan reflect the volume of photographs work is that in April of 1880, he for well over twenty-five years, that were being produced by the opened a second branch studio in from 1870 through the 1890s. The Childs' Art Gallery. Ishpeming, which was managed by serendipitous find of his original Confusion as to the proper cred- Charles Cole. All of these images business ledger, which covers a it of Childs images may be traced were printed on either gray or dark seven year period from 1871 to to his business partnership with gray mounts to differentiate 1878, reveals an incredible volume two photographers who were between the two galleries. The of stereographs produced and mar- mainly publishers of stereographs. images printed from the Ishpem- keted by his galleries. The ledger These men were C.B. Brubaker, his ing gallery do not have Childs' full name on the mount, but just the

STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary1992 11 information "Gems of Lake Superi- Bernard Childs was 79 years old Taft, Robert. Photography and the Ameri- or Scenery" and "Childs Art when he died in 1921 in San can Scene: A Social History, 1839- Gallery". Diego, California, where he had 1889. New York: Dover Publica- Numerous examples of identical gone to live with his sister Louise tions, 1938. p. 370. Magnagni, Russell M. "History of Childs' images are found printed Allen after the death of his wife in Childs' Art Gallery". Marquette, at least three different ways; on 1918. Married for over 44 years, Michigan: Harlow's Wooden Man: yellow, orange and gray mounts. the Childs had no children. Con- Quarterly Iournal of the Marquette They may be printed with or with- sequently, Childs left a large por- County Historical Society. Vol. 14, No. out Childs' name on the mount, tion of his estate to St. Paul's Epis- 1, Spring, 1978. pp. 6-7. but published by Brubaker from copal Church in Marquette for the Darrah, William C. The World of Stere- either Houghton or Marquette, purpose of establishing a home for ographs. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: published by Brubaker & White- the poor. W.C. Darrah publisher. 1977, p. sides from Marquette, or simply Although B.F. Childs died over 167. Original business ledger of B.F. Childs. printed "Childs Art Gallery" from seventy years ago, he left a visual Located in the archival collections the Marquette of Ishpeming stu- legacy of over 500 images that tru- of the Marquette County Historical dios. ly represent northern Michigan's Society, Marquette, Michigan. Childs remained active in his unique and vibrant history. It Prewitt Directory Company's Arkansas photographic business until 1884- seems only fitting after all the City, Kansas and Cowley County 85, when he and his wife, Fannie, years of little recognition, that he Directory, 1916-1 91 7. p. 36. moved to Arkansas City, Kansas. finally be acknowledged and hon- Daily mining Journal, Marquette, Michi- By 1893 Childs was in business ored with the other notable 19th gan, July 23, 1921. p. 8. again, this time as a druggist,work- century individuals who practiced ing with a partner named the art of photography. Lynn Mitchell has been researching Jonathan B. Hull. This business, Sources photographer B.F. Childs for five years known as Childs & Company, was Mitchell, Lynn Marie. "B.F. Childs: Ear- and is presently writing a book about in operation for over twenty years him. In addition, she has compiled an until Childs retired in approxi- ly Marquette Photographer". Mar- quette, Michigan: Harlow's Wooden index of Childs ' existing stereographs mately 1916. During the early Man: Quarterly Iournal of the Mar- from both private and institutional years when Childs was living in quette County Historical Society. Vol. collections. She would welcome any Kansas, he continued to maintain 27, No. 3, Summer, 1991. pp. 3-8. information about Childs or photo- the studio and photographic sup- Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers and copies of his images that you may ply shop at the Marquette gallery. Lists of Vermonters Who Served in the want to share. Contact Lynn Marie In the early 1890s the studio Army and Navy of the United States Mitchell, 2854% North Euclid, Tuc- changed proprietors when Childs During the War of the Rebellion, 1861-66. Montpelier, Vermont: son, AZ 8571 9. m sold his photographic business to Press of the Watchman Publishing his first assistant, Charles Cole, Company, 1892. p. 32. who kept the original studio Veterans Administration Pension File, name. XC2557, 799. Childs, B.F.

12 STEREO WORLD JanuatylFebmary1992 Computer

by Robert A. DeVoe

icture this: You don a special al Art" for Virtual Reality environ- earthbound forms) and ended up Phelmet with goggles which cov- ments, and this as an end in itself. with a compromise solution. Now er your eyes with mini-video dis- The sculpture need not actually suddenly, freed from gravity and plays, slip your hands into sensing exist in physical material; it floats released from the labor intensive gloves, and suddenly you are in in the visionary space of the illuso- construction limits, I could do another dimension! You're walking ry world created by computer pro- anything I imagined! - actually floating - in an exotic grams. But, while it is certainly coming space filled with floating sculp- The concept opens a whole new soon to the general public - I tures and glowing paintings. You set of parameters for the artist. Vir- guesstimate well before the 21st can turn the pieces of art with tual art lives in weightless space; century - Virtual Reality has a very your gloved hand, and by pointing mechanical considerations, limited audience of dedicated your finger you can drift right strengths of materials, welding, experimenters now, meaning that through the wireframe chambers shaping, support - all are out. I my Virtual Art would reach only a of sculptured forms. You can move had forgotten how much these fac- few. How does one exhibit Virtual various shapes to please your sense tors had influenced my sculptural Art? Faced with this dilemma, I of design, and even converse with work in the past as I tried to blend have found two very promising other travelers in this dreamlike engineering structural strength answers. Currently I'm one of the world. How much this reminds one of the first experience looking through a stereoscope, but it is that experience magnified a hun- dredfold! At the heart of this revolution- ary brave new world is the computer with its incredible graphics potential. Some of the powerful new tools of Computer Aided Drafting & Design have begun to manifest their artistic potential in the hands of the modern artist, and with this new medium we can see a renewal of interest in stereoscopy. The rapidly developing experimental work in computer generated "Virtual Reality" requires realistic three dimensional simulations to give the you-are- there feeling so familiar to 3-D afi- cionados. In my work as an artist, I've with esthetics. You'll remember directors of the DISPAR Virtual found the computer to be an excit- the classic Greek and Roman Reality Network,* a computer net- ing new medium which allows me sculptures where the marble figure work bulletin board system to sketch my sculptural designs on of a man leans against a tree trunk, accessed by users all over the coun- an electronic sketchpad, and to so that the figure will not break at try through their computer view them in finished form long the ankles. How often I'd longed modems, and dedicated to the before I physically produce them. to be able to suspend a form in development of Virtual Reality Along the way, I've been intrigued space with no visible support (to interactive environments in the with the idea of producing "Virtu- hover as it was, over other more home. On that network, we're

STEREO WORLD Januafy/February1992 13 experimenting with stereoscopy via computers as the essential first step in the process. We've developed stereo graphics and images and have devised a simple but effective aid to stereoscopic free- viewing: a device made of cardboard which fits on the monitor screen and directs the eyes for cross-eyed viewing. We also use anaglyphic (redtgreen) stereo pairs for viewing as well. For my first exhibition on DISPAR in January, users downloaded stereo pairs The The ( designed for viewing on the computer monitor. The sculptures shown in the illustrations for this article actually float in space in I speak in tonem of bronze I speak in tones of bronze front of my monitor, and I can a whispered secret geometry -- a whfspered secret geometry -- pass my hands through them. the pulse of lI* mantras the pulse of Mng mantras The second answer to the exhi- feathered, petalled and painted feathered, petalled and painted In splendid Aelds forever. in splendid fields former. bition dilemma is actually not very new. I remember seeing 3-D movies with the redtgreen glasses, (and later with polaroid filter glasses) and how much I was moved by that experience - even if the movies were incredibly bad! Why not have an exhibition of Virtual Sculpture all done with anaglyphic drawings, and hand out redtgreen glasses to the patrons? Imagine walking around an apparently bland exhibit of drawings, only to have the drawings float off the walls in moving three dimensional form! Again, testing a few samples with patient friends has yielded startling results. Viewers soon dis- Ian1 la the Lotus Jan1 h tho Loturn cover that the sculptures appear to follow them as they move about, almost like seaweed forms which, while rooted to the sea floor, sway as passing currents move them. Watching people discover this is entertaining; they stand and sway back and forth as if drunk, and pass their hands through their hal- lucinations like magicians casting spells. So again, I'm making

DISPAR Virtual Reality Network is an international computer network BBS offering a variety of online services emphasiz- ing educational applications of Virtual Reality, but is by no means limited to that purpose. It offers Conferences for special interest groups, Electronic Mail, Online talk sessions, and Archives as well as many other services. Their address is: DIS- PAR, 31 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Voice phone: 714-831-1 776. Modem: 714-831-9101 (2400 baud The Ern1.s.- The Ernimanry 8Nl).

14 STF.RF.0 WORLD lanusry/Fcbruary 1992 arrangements with a gallery in Laguna, California for an exhibit of my Virtual Sculpture in early spring of 1992. The sculpture designs which illustrate this article are prelimi- nary versions of the works I'll be exhibiting. I designed them using a program called AUTOCAD on my home computer, an IBM 386DX with super VGA color monitor. Autocad has been an architect's dream machine ever since it evolved and is certainly the most remarkably versatile drafting system ever developed. Used primarily to blueprints of buildings, machines and other objects, it can take a blueprint and instantly display the finished object in natural perspective. Thus an architect may use Autocad to draw plans for a building down to the finest detail, and then translate that set of plans into a perspective view of the building, and virtually walk through the building to see what it will look and feel like when complete. So extensively has Autocad become a part of the design-engineering world that a special network of computer bulletin board services has evolved where users Ned of the Golden Song Neat of the Golden Sow may seek advice and exchange information on CAD programming. I am especially indebted to two CAD programmers on that bulletin board service, Ron Lloyd and Dennis Shinn, who suggested some of the 3-D techniques I've used. Ron Lloyd, for example, developed a system for creating anaglyphic superimpositions on screen for full screen viewing, and I have adapted his system to my needs. In my art work, it is a tremendous advantage to design the sculpture in blueprint form and then to view it in perspective from any angle; to walk around it as it were, and to lift parts off from one place and try them in another. When the construction phase is finished, I then display the object in perspective on screen in side-by- side stereo views - my point of view displaced by the distance "Mantis" is one of the sculptures created by Robert DeVoe with the help of computer generated between my eyes - and watch it stereo imaging. With the ability to create free-floating 3-0 structures without the limits of float in space before me. It has wood, steel and plastic via the computer, he has now dropped the final step of actually building a physical object in favor of "Virtual Sculpture" existing only in the perception of the view- opened an infinity of potentials er. As the artist puts it, "The anaglyph is the piece; the medium is the message!" for my art and for worlds un- dreamt of for us all. m

STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary 1992 15 Profiles Oblivion The Atherton "Mystery" by Norman B. Patterson

ame is fleeting. Artist and gadfly century whose stereo images phers. In covering the so-called FAndy Warhol is said to have graced the commercial viewcards British Blondes (the Lydia Thomp- stated that everyone is famous for of theatrical photographers such as son Burlesque Company) I deliber- fifteen minutes. Of course that is Jeremiah Gurney and Napoleon ately omitted a picture of talented not so. It cannot be true even on Sarony. Alice Atherton, an American girl average. A few people are famous When I wrote an article for who joined The Blonds in 1870, . for much longer. But most of us Stereo World several years ago on although I had several excellent are never famous (whatever that "The Birth of Burlesque in Ameri- examples to choose from. The rea- means) at all. And of those who ca" (Ian./Feb. '86) it was illustrated son for the omission was that I dis- are, very few will be remembered with quite a few stereo views made covered a discrepancy between the for long once their moment is by these productive photogra- views I was certain were of Alice past. To appreciate this one has only to spend some time trying to Venie Atherton, who remained active in vaudeville until 1926. She and her sister Alice trace the identities of some of the Atherton apparently shared an appointment in front of Gurney's camera and used the "famous" people of the nineteenth same shoulder drape for the two views on this page.

16 STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary 1992 - Atherton and an illustration show- Alice Atherton. Unlike all of her contemporary actresses, she eschewed wearing earrings ing a different girl so identified in when sitting for stereo portraits. Blum's A Pictorial History of the American Theater. This other girl, the portrait I intended to use. The Mystery whose stereo portrait I also had on These people were "famous in The unraveling of the "Atherton hand, apparently also was an their day and now no small effort Atherton, at least on stage. The is interesting in itself as was needed them Out. Fame it illustrates the problems encoun- trouble was that I could find no is indeed a temporary condition, second such person listed in the tered in identifying the celebrities which I pictured on the old viewcards, usual sources, and this created an solation to those of us who will unacceptable doubt that I had to Many Stereo World readers have in miss out on Warhol's promised fif- their collections several or more of resolve before running a picture teen minutes. which might turn out to be of the these, issued mostly but not exclu- wrong performer. So, I withheld sively by Gurney and Sarony between about 1865 and 1875. I have heard them referred to as "ladies", "beauties" etc. This This especially appealing portrait of Alice Atherton by an unidentified photographer dates from about 1870 when she was a very popular addition to the British Blondes. reflects the fact that most, but not

STEREO WORLD JanuarylFehruary1992 all, of the people pictured are Wearing tights was characteristic in shows featured as burlesque or extravaganza. Stere- female. Inevitably some of us ographs such as this one ofAlice Atherton dressed in one of her stage costumes are not become curious and wish to find easy to find. out more about the subjects. Who were they? Why were they chosen To illustrate further elements listed. But it is not infallible. I have to be so honored? Our collections that can confuse identification, found that someone important are always more valuable to us consider the case of Kate Firmin, a enough to receive front page treat- when accompanied by all desired lovely actress of the 1870s who ment or even a separate write-up background information. This can became known as "The Beautiful away from the necrology section, be obtained only by someone's Brunette". Some of the stereo may have been omitted in the list- effort - hours in the library seeking views showing a portrait of Kate ings. In the case at hand, neither out sources or reading microfilms simply bear the penciled notation of the Atherton ladies was listed in of ancient newspapers. Deduction "Brunette" on the back. the index although informative and detective work are always part obituaries had appeared in the of the business - a necessary part. Alice and Her Sister newspaper. This led to a substan- Many of the commercial pic- In the case of Alice Atherton, tial delay in solving the Atherton tures (some 3-D and many 2-D) some viewcards have the full name mystery as it became a back-burner have an identification on the but more simply say Atherton, and item on my list of priorities. mount. The ideal is a printed some carry no identification at all. I was quite certain that the two name under the picture. Usually The complication is that there is girls were sisters. Though there is a we are not so lucky. Most other another girl whose portraits also resemblance in the pictures, the portraits, when identified at all) carry the Atherton name. I have main clue lies in evidence that carry a penciled notation placed two stereo pictures, from the same both girls sat for stereo views by on the back of the mount by an sitting, of this second girl. One has Gurney at the same time and in employee of the issuing photogra- "Atherton" penciled on the back fact used the same shoulder drape. pher. Some of these can be read and the other similarly has what The pictures are illustrated here for without much difficulty but oth- appears to be "Effy Atherton" with comparison. I owe it to NSA mem- ers, after more than a century of the first name very hard to read. ber Jacob Wolfson of Salem, MA rubbing, have all but been erased Still, there were now two Athertons for locating the New York Times and are very difficult to discern. and none of the references I obituaries of both ladies and clear- Another group, though often bet- appealed to suggested the exis- ing up most of the questions relat- ter preserved, can best be described tence of anyone but Alice. ed to the mystery. He was also able as examples of "handwriting from There is a reference book, The to verify the identity of the second hell" and defy us to interpret what New York Times Obituary Index, girl by matching the picture is written. Added to this are which locates the date, page, and misidentified as Alice Atherton in spelling difficulties in which the column of the newspaper's obitu- Blum's A Pictorial History of the name may be misspelled or aries for individuals, listed alpha- American Theater with a correctly approximated phonetically. In betically. This, along with micro- identified copy of the same picture some cases an incorrect name is film files of the newspaper, is a in the Catalog of Dramatic Portraits given, but usually the listed name major starting point for tracking in the theater collection of the is valid if one can read it. down information on persons so Harvard College Library.

18 STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary1992 lean times until Alice's death at the end of the century. They had two daughters, one of whom used the stage name Daisy Atherton and acted in England and America for many years. Alice and Willie toured extensively with burlesque troupes such as Rice Surprise Party and Willie Edouin's Sparks. They went to Eng- land to live in 1884. After failing at theatrical management, Willie and Alice worked separately and together both in England and America. Alice was working in Brooklyn, NY in early 1899 when she caught cold. This turned to pneumonia and Alice Atherton died suddenly on the morning of February 4, 1899. Theatrical histo- rian Ode11 referred to her as a good Houseworth's Celebrities cabinet card, and true burlesquer. She was said "IOHN A. MACKAY, COMEDIAN, RICE to have a quick memory and SURPRISE PARTY." Mackay was the hus- Willie Edouin, husband of Alice Atherton, adapted well to changing bills and band of Venie A therton. was regarded as one of the progenitors of frequent rehearsals. Because of her American musical comedy. success at one point with a laughing song she was sometimes Such apparently benign little inconsistencies appear harmless From the Age of Three referred to as Laughing Alice Atherton. but do indeed complicate the Alice Atherton was born in efforts of those of us who try to Cincinnati, Ohio sometime All in the Family identify such once well-known around 1847. Her maiden surname Alice Atherton's sister seems to celebrities. But then again, it does was Hogan. She first appeared on have performed in Burlesque and add to the spice of the game. stage in that city at the National later vaudeville with the stage Who Was Who? Theater when she was hardly three names Venie Bennett and Venie years old, carried on for the baby Atherton as both are listed in the The use of stage names by per- part in "The Sea of Ice". She was records. She does not seem to have formers has often confused the onstage almost constantly from reached the success that Alice process of researching them. And that time. After playing children's attained in her younger days but when they marry it compounds parts in Cincinnati, she played in continued to perform in vaudeville the problem. When Alice Hogan Louisville and Mobile, where she until 1926, a year before her death. (a.k.a. Alice Atherton) married joined the touring Lydia Thomp- She married the comic actor John William F. Boyer (a.k.a. Willie son Burlesque Company (the so- A. Mackay, and they were together Edouin) the combination of names called British Blonds). This led to a until his death in 1891. No chil- under which they may be referred three year stint with the Blonds in dren were listed in her obituary. At to in official and informal sources New York at Woods Museum, start- one time Venie Atherton had her is correspondingly multiplied. One ing with the 1870 season. During own vaudeville act, "Where may have to track down all of this time the theater played to There's a Woman There's a Way". these possibilities in searching for packed houses and was restored to Her photo in the Harvard College information. We have already seen financial health. It should be not- Theater Collection identifies her as that Lavine Hogan, Venie Bennett, Venie Atherton, and Mrs. John A. ed that in those days burlesque , Levine Atherton. It is suggested was comedy, skits, song, and dance that the probable pronunciation Mackay are all the same person. and did not carry the disreputable was LaVenny, which became short- And Daisy Atherton, Alice's actress connotation earned in the twenti- ened to Venie, possibly in child- daughter, would on official docu- eth century by certain derivative hood. ments have to list her father's true theatrical forms. It did however As is the case with many per- family name of Boyer. feature ladies wearing tights which formers, Venie Atherton's age was As noted earlier, fame is fleeting. struck a risque chord in the tenor understated in her obituary. But If you would like to identify some of the times. hers was lowered by more than ten of the erstwhile celebrities whose Also in the cards for Alice was years. One can suggest this was so portraits may grace your viewcard romance and marriage, which stated by her only relative, niece collection, expect the troubles out- arrived in the form of an inventive Daisy Atherton, who may have felt lined herein - and more. Be suspi- comedian, Willie Edouin (real her own acting career was fur- cious of all birth dates, distrust all name William F. Boyer), who mar- thered by obscuring the true age of stage names, and hope for luck. m ried Alice and shared the good and her aunt and in turn her own age.

STEREO WORLD JanuarylFebmary 1992 hile many people love and nearest to us. In a rose, the nearest Radiography, whether it is Wappreciate flowers, they may petals hide from our view all of its industrial, medical, dental, or flo- never realize or see the secret beau- secret details that lie beyond. ral is basically a photographic pro- ty that lies hidden within the blos- Much of the beauty of the blossom cess whereby an object is exposed soms. Of course when we close our is hidden. With the penetrating to X rays, and its image is cast eyes, we cannot see the beautiful power of the X ray, 3-D floral upon a sheet of X-ray film. In pho- flowers around us. But even with radiographs dramatically show the tography, the film is located with- with our eyes open, we see only details in all the successive layers in a camera equipped with a lens. that portion of the flower that is of petals and other tissues. A tiny image of an object is cast on the film by the visible rays of light which enter the camera after being Columbine. Thegraceful architecture of this blossom is beautifully revealed in 3-0. At the reflected from the surface of the end of each of the five spurs is located a small round organ that generates the nectar stored within the spur. The amount of nectar in each spur is clearly seen in this illustra- object. There is no camera or lens tion, but is never seen orphotographed otherwise unless the spur is dissected. (All radio- involved in the radiographic pro- graphs by the author.) O 1992 Albert G. Richards. cess. When a radiograph is made

STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary 1992 of an ailing tooth, for example, the Hyacinth. This blossom is composed of many f7oret.s facing outward from the centrul X-ray machine is positioned near stem. When looking at either the left or right images alone, one is uncertain as to which the patient's face and a film packet direction each floret is facing. When fused into 3-0, the correct direction becomes appar- is inserted on the other side of the ent. Reproduced from The Secret Garden - 100 Floral Radiographs by Albert G. Richards (1991) ALMAR Company, Box 15174, Ann Arbor, MI 48104. O 1992 Albert G. tooth, next to the tongue. The Richards image of the tooth is always slightly larger than life-size, and the internal anatomy of the tooth is displayed within its silhouette. Lily. The blossom appears to float far in front of the stereo window. The history ofx-ray technology includes another stereo connection. In 1896, stereographer john Carbutt intro- These same factors apply when duced the first specially formulated X-ray film, greatly reducing exposure times over those making a floral radiograph (an X- of regularphotographicplates. (See "John Carbutt on the Frontiers of Photography" by ray picture of a flower). William Brey, NSA Book Service.) 0 1992 Albert G. Richards

STEREO WORLD JanuarylFebmary 1992 The science of radiography is Star Magnolia. This blossom has petals that extend in many directions. The more remote based on the fact that X rays can petals are seen through the images of the nearer ones. 0 1992 Albert G. Richards penetrate through an object, whereas visible cannot. Therefore, tography do not occur in floral with probes shaped like large X rays enable one to "see" within radiography, nor do "depth of hypodermic needles. Debris adher- the object. As the rays pass field" problems occur. ing to the petals and fuzzy stems through the object, they are atten- Great care is exercised in choos- of some flowers can be carefully uated differently by portions of ing and preparing a flower that is removed with sticky cellophane the object that are either thicker, to be recorded. The chosen blos- tape. Flowers grown in a green- denser or composed of higher som should be fresh and undam- house are usually much cleaner atomic number elements than oth- aged. Clean flowers, in prime con- than those grown outdoors. er parts. dition, are the starting point for Floral radiographs are produced When radiographing iron cast- making beautiful floral radio- by placing the flower between the ings, broken bones, teeth or flow- graphs. Foreign materials, hidden X-ray machine and the film. Either ers, the penetrating power of the X within a blossom, would be visible cut or potted flowers can be used on a radiograph and there- with the film positioned vertically - fore must be eliminated and the Z-rav beam directed hori- "Movement of the flower, before radiographing the zontally. ~dvementof the flower, flower. Occasionally a hid- whether due to wilting or air cur- whether due to wiltina or den insect is discovered that rents, is always a problem to con- also must be removed. Dew- sider. Working carefully and rapid- air currents, is a/w&s drops and raindrops record ly usually minimizes this problem. a problem to consider. " as ugly dark spots on the The sharpness of the image flowe~'simage. These drops depends on the type of film that is of moisture can be removed used, along with geometric factors, ray must be adjusted to optimize either by waiting for them to evap- such as size of the focal spot of the the way the differences in thick- orate naturally or by absorbing X-ray tube, the distance between ness and composition of the object them with pointed strips of blot- the X-ray tube and the flower, and record on the film. The images are ting paper carefully inserted the distance from the flower to the always in shades of black and between the petals. film. The sharpest images, made white, since the phenomenon of Wind and rain may deposit solid with the least enlargement, are color does not exist in the X ray particles of dirt on a blossom. produced by placing the flower as spectrum. The process does not Some particles can be removed by close to the film as possible and as require the introduction of any the careful use of a tiny brush. far from the X-ray tube as is practi- chemicals into the flower, nor is Other particles, lodged deeply cal. The time of exposure increases the flower h~~~edby its exposure within a flower, can be removed rapidly as this latter distance is to X rays. The type of shadows with a miniature vacuum cleaner increased. Ideally, the film should produced by side-lighting in pho-

22 STEREO WORLD JanuarylFehmary1992 "Ill...""". rr i*mnm;.,.m.*(pl,"...:"~"~"3,.?" ,. ..,..." ,,r..-,-...,v

The Star Magnolia as it appears in the origi~ 11, "negative" radiograph. O 1992 Albert G. the radiograph. These small dupli- Richards cates can then be placed in stereo mounts and the two images pro- be located between two to five feet recorded in the first emulsion lay- jected. A wider range of densities from the X-ray tube. Water or oil er. This is because the attenuation can be seen in a radiograph viewed cooling of the anode of the X-ray of these low energy X rays by the by transmitted light than can be tube is desirable to prevent dam- film base is considerable, and only recorded on photographic paper age to the focal spot during long a very reduced amount of the radi- and viewed in a stereo viewer by exposures. Dental X-ray machines ation ever reaches the second reflected light. are not suitable for making good emulsion. The best floral radio- Examples of 3-D floral radio- floral radiographs. The best floral graphs are made using slower graphs of Columbine, Hyacinth, radiographs are produced with speed fine-grain X-ray film. When Lily and Star Magnolia blossoms beryllium window X-ray tubes, but floral radiography is performed in are included as illustrations. After only some medical and industrial a lighted laboratory, the film must the first film of each stereo pair X-ray machines have this desirable be wrapped in a very thin sheet of was exposed, the flower was rotat- feature. Depending on the makeup opaque material, but if exposed in ed 5 degrees about its vertical axis, of the flower, the proper tube volt- a darkened room, the film may be and then the second image was age lies in a range from 20 to 30 used uncovered. recorded on a second sheet of film. kilovolts peak. Thick succulent The proper time of exposure The two images correspond to petals record properly at higher must be determined by trial and what your left and right eyes voltages, while thin, fragile petals error, since it is influenced by such would have seen if magically, you register better at lower values. variables as the type of flower, the had been suddenly gifted with X- By law, dental and medical X-ray speed of the film, the distance ray vision. machines must have a certain between the X-ray tube and the Ever since X rays were discov- amount of inherent, plus added, film, the X-ray tube voltage and ered in 1895, many people have filtration present before they can current and whether the film is to produced 2-D radiographs of flow- be used with human beings. For be used bare or wrapped. ers. My making of more than 4000 floral radiography, only the inher- After exposure and processing, 2-D floral radiographs over a peri- ent filtration of the beryllium win- the radiographs can be used as od exceeding 30 years has provid- dow of the X-ray tube is employed. negatives to produce contact ed the necessary experience to Most X-ray films are made with prints or enlargements on photo- develop this unusual art form of a sensitive emulsion layer on both graphic paper, with the image of 3-D floral radiography to its pre- sides of the film base. Any X-ray the flower appearing dark against a sent high degree of excellence. It film can be used to produce a flo- white background. They can also literally provides one with a third ral radiograph, but the second be copied using 35mm positive eye with which to see and appreci- emulsion layer is of small benefit [slide] film so the image of the ate the hidden beauty of flowers. an in this application because the flower appears light against a dark major portion of the image will be background, just as it appears in

STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary1992 23 View-Master's Marvelous Mushrooms

any different books were pro- Mduced by View-Master during the glory years of Sawyer's. All of these books are fantastic works with amazing insight into the subject matter, factual descriptions, detailed text and absolutely won- derful View-Master illustrations. In our opinion the finest example of these works is the two-book set Mushrooms in Their Natural Habi- tats. The book was written by Alexan- der H. Smith, Ph.D., professor of botany and botanist at the Univer- sity of Michigan Herbarium. Dr. Reel 1 Scene 2 of "Mushrooms in Their Nahiral Habitat" shows Alolrria Alrrarltin ernittin$ Smith was well known throughout spores. O 1992 View-Master Ideal Inc. A Subsidiary of Tyco Inc. the scientific world for his research work on Agaricacea (grilled fungi). The stereoscopic color pictures, gather the photographic material He had written many scientific which are an integral part of the presented in the publication. papers and books on the subject work, were taken by William B. Many photographs of fungi in the and was editor-in-chief of Mycolo- Gruber, inventor of the View-mas- southwestern United States were gia, official publication of the ter system. At the time of the pro- unavailable because of govern- Mycological Society of America. duction of this work, his official ment imposed travel restrictions Although many works on mush- title was Chief Research Engineer during World War I1 and much rooms had been written prior to for Sawyer's Inc. Mr. Gruber was time and research went into find- this time, Dr. Smith felt an in- well versed in stereo photography ing other examples of the same or depth study was needed to give and a photographer of note in the similar subjects. the true picture, descriptive and field of educational photography. Published in 1949, Mushrooms in visual, of the plants as found in He spent over 11 years and trav- Their Natural Habitats is composed nature. eled many thousands of miles to of two volumes, 9 Yz x 6 Yz", with red fabrikoid binding. Volume 1 consists of a 626 page text book dealing primarily with "Fleshy fungi", the species of mushrooms most frequently encountered in the fields and forests. It presents a radically different approach in the study of mycology. Photographs usually illustrate the text of a book. In this case however, the text is written "around" the 3-D pictures. It is designed for a wide range of readers. A chapter on "The Mushroom in Relation to Other Living Organ- isms" is intended for those who 1 Heel 17 Scenc~114. Clitocyhe Atrinlba. 0 1992 View-Master Ideal Inc. A subsidiary of Tyco are not experts in the field. All Inc. species are first described in a tech- I

- 24 STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFcbruary 1992 provide the user with an image of an actual foray into the woods with the true-to-life realism that only 3-D can provide. us11 roo Of the many species of fungi, m thl~rl. the most common from the north- eastern U.S., Great Lakes region, Rocky Mountain states, Pacific northwest, and Southern Califor- nia have been included in this book. Also, illustrations of endem- ic North American fungi have been included wherever feasible. Many pictures were taken and discarded as better examples were found or when a more common species of fungi was needed. Some of the stereos taken and not used portray extremely exotic mushrooms that were too rare to be included in the actual production. According to the instructions in the mushroom text: Viewing the photographs is a nical chapter, including micro- and identify a wide variety of very simple procedure. The most scopic data, spore sizes, exact col- species that come close to the key- important factor to keep in mind ors, and other pertinent data. The types illustrated. The stereo pairs (Continued on page 33) text covers preparation of specimens for stud< collecting techniques, the fruiting habits of fungi, and classification and identification. Everything of possible interest is contained in the mammoth work. Although all photographs were taken in the natural habitat of the fungi, not all are natural habitat photographs, due to the fact that some items were added to the pictures and others rearranged. Since it was necessary to show important taxonomic details in addition to the fruiting bodies, vlus their manner of growth, somi fruiting bod- Reel 11 Scene 77. Hygrophonts Conicrrs. O 1992 View-Master Ideal Inc. A slrbsidiary of ies had to be arranged. Tyco Inc. Even though the text is very scientific in nature, the amateur botanist can also appreciate and understand the work due to the great visual specimens displayed on the 33 View-Master reels. Volume 2, although it looks to be a book, is a special case that holds a model "C" viewer and a special envelope book with the 33 View-Master reels. (The viewer accompanying the set is black.) A total of 23 1 Kodachrome stereo pairs illustrate representative key- species of important genera and families of mushrooms. Mushroom stereos used for illustration were carefully selected from thousands Reel 17 Scene 11 7. Tricholoma Irnbricatum. O 1992 View-Master Ideal Inc. A srrbsiriiary of to enable the student to recognize ~ycoInc.

STEREO WOR1.D JanuaryIFebruary1992 25 Full Size Sterc by J~~0 Jim Foster*"er 1992 ~h~ Rare

riting in what has become a The plates are each about 7" x 3 cameras are occasionally remount- Wstandard reference work for 318" with clipped corners, roughly ed for stereo viewing. They may photographic historians and col- the customary size for cardboard even be sold as "stereo tintypes". lectors, The World of Stereographs, mounted paper views of the era. Such contrived views must, how- the late William C. Darrah The images are slightly hyper, ever, not be confused with authen- observes that "Only a few stereo acceptably sharp and have fair tic ferrotype stereographs. Close ferrotypes were produced, mostly contrast. Each view is on a single, inspection is indicated for all pre- in the late 1860s and early 1870s. uncut sheet of japanned iron. This sumed stereo ferrotypes. The ferrotype is the rarest form of tells us unambiguously that these These two images are of the stereograph." We may add that the plates were intended as stereo same home and family, probably stereo ferrotype is probably the images. (Plates for stereo ferrotypes in the New England area. The rarest form of ferrotype (tintype). were offered to the trade in at least architecture of the home (a frame The writer was doubly delighted, two standard sizes: 6 314" x 3 114" house with a shingled, side-gabled therefore, to acquire two of these and the smaller 5 112" x 3 114". roof; windows with six panes elusive pieces. Many scholars and The slightly odd size of these par- above and below; a central chim- collectors have never encountered ticular views suggests that the ney; a central entry with side- an example. Interestingly, scrutiny operator may have cut them down lights) is compatible with that part under the loupe shows that these from larger plates. Odd sized fer- of the country. Evidently they stereo ferrotypes are chronological- rotype plates are commonly seen were taken several years apart. Esti- ly successive outdoor views taken because cutting and trimming for mating from the growth of the several years apart and probably by a variety of uses was conveniently children, the time gap may be the same operator. This combina- accomplished with shears.) Adja- about five years. Judging from the tion of circumstances probably cent pairs of cartes-de-visite sized ferrotypes taken with four tube approaches the rarest of the rare. Fig. 1.

26 STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFcbruary1992 I Perroty-pes: of the Rare.

overall physical similarity of the he was an experienced photogra- term The Great American Fer- plates, as well as the similarity of pher. rotype Legacy than he would have the compositional style and the Interestingly, this early photog- known. simple fact that they are of the rapher's remarkable photographic Outdoor stereo ferrotypes are same family, it seems very likely service - providing an archival now gaining recognition as a pin- that the views were taken by the quality, three-dimensional family nacle in both stereograph and fer- same traveling photographer. The portrait taken and delivered on rotype collecting. Still, we know earliest of the two views (figure 1) location for a reasonable price - little about them. Much informa- shows a group of eighteen people, has never since been equaled in tion remains to be accumulated presumably the extended family, the entire history of photographic before we have adequate knowl- at the rear of their home which services to the public. (Try asking a edge of the brief and peripheral, has two extensions. The later view professional photographer to do yet enchanting, role of the stereo (figure 2) shows eight people at the same today!) To his customers ferrotype in the history of photog- the front of the house. As is typical he offered immortality for a pit- raphy. of the genre, they hold things or tance. For those of us who view his Jim Foster is a professional photog- pets for the portrait. In figure 2 the work well over a century later he rapher and avid collector who writes operator posed the family in the has provided the means for instan- about the early history of photogra- available sunlight, deliberately taneous time travel back to a spe- phy. He has a special interest in the avoiding the shadows and calcu- cific moment of our past. Like so history of the ferroiype and would like lating his exposure for full sun- many others, this unknown local to hear from readers who own stereo light. His photographs suggest that photographer is receiving our ferroiypes. Jim welcomes correspon- appreciation only belatedly. He dence at Box 3008, Urbana, IL was more successful in his person- 61801. am Fig. 2. al contribution to what we may

STEREO WORLD JanuarylFebruary I992 27 recurring topic for discussion of the stereo views that we enjoy rounds one can be certain that a Awhich periodically gets atten- in Stereo World result from copying number of Society members would tion from Stereoscopic Society procedures of one sort or another like to add an original or a good members has to do with the copy- should establish how desirable copy to their collections. Trading ing of other members' stereo quality copies are in lieu of the of views among members has views. Recently printmakers were originals. always occurred and satisfies some asked to indicate whether or not When an especially good and/or of the demand. Copying remains they objected to other members interesting stereo view is produced an alternative. It is virtually impos- copying their viewcards. Among by one of our members in the sible to prevent, given the manner those who responded, most, but Stereoscopic Society, it is usually in in which stereo views are circulat- not all, had no objection. This rais- the form of a color transparency ed in the Society folios, and by es several questions as to motives pair or a print pair mounted on a and large there is no objection in making copies, the advantages standard viewcard. Original color from most of the photographers. and disadvantages of doing so, and transparencies are unique; one of a But it is also necessary to respect what results can be expected when kind. For mounted prints, theoreti- the wishes of those who do object comparing the copy to the origi- cally more originals can be pro- to this by not copying their nal. duced from the negatives but in entries. reality most viewcards issued by Some stereo photographers actu- Why Copy Views? Society printmakers are also ally copyright their views. I am not First we should realize that no unique in that duplicates are never sure what this accomplishes when copy is ever quite equal to the made. Actually, in my experience, there is little likelihood of eco- original and some loss in quality is there is no guarantee that a dupli- nomic gain from the pictures. to be expected. The result is cate, if made at a later date, ade- Stereoscopic Society activity is cer- less than the prototype, quately matches an original print tainly not motivated by the hope and this explains one reason why of of financial gain. With a few some would prefer not to have Stereo photographers are usually exceptions, making a living selling copies of their work produced. So1 also collectors, and when an newly issued stereo views does not why make copies? The fact that impressive stereo view makes the seem realistic at this time. But, copyrighting does offer legal pro- Stereoscopic Society of America members at the 1991 NSA San Antonio convention. First tection to the photographer, if row: jack Cavender, Thomas Bums, Steve Best. Second row: Mary & Ken Carpenter, needed. Audrey Knrse, jack Swarthout, Quentin Burke. Third row: Joel Matus, Brandt Rowles, Donna Reuter, Janice &john Waldsmith, Larry Moor, Bob Kruse, john Baker, Doris Baker, john Dennis, Krys Walton. (Stereo by Bill C. Walton.) Copying Old Views obtained with adequate attention sons to make copies of stereo Many old commercial stereo to the darkroom work involved. A views. views were copyrighted by the drawback is that the original viewcard mount is not likely to be Society Membership issuing firms. For the most part the The Stereoscopic Society of old viewcards have passed into the duplicated, if that is important. Much the same holds true for try- America offers a means for stereo public domain and the firms photographers to meet kindred which issued them have long since ing to make a copy of a color print viewcard. It must be expected that spirits. Persons interested in taking ceased to exist. They can be copied part in the Society postal folio cir- at will and be used for any pur- duplicating a high quality stereo viewcard will prove to be a disap- cuits should contact the Corre- pose. Copyrighting did not pre- sponding Secretary: Jack E. Caven- vent pirating, as copied views were pointment when critically exam- ined, especially when a magnifier der, 1677 Dorsey Ave., Suite C, East issued from the earliest time Point, GA 30344. nrr whether the original was copy- is used. Still, even under the righted or not. By and large, the restrictions, there are many rea- I l copies were of degraded quality compared to the originals and were sold at reduced prices. It would seem that pirating stereo PRECISION FOLDING STEREO VIEWER views was fairly easy to get away For all standard with at minimal risk. Reallst 3D stereo slides. Adequate copyright laws origi- Glass or cardboard nally did not exist for literature, let mounted. Folds flat, alone photographs, in the early welghs only 1 oz. days of photography. Charles Dick- Prepaid minimum order ens (1812-1870) was a vocal advo- $10.00. Add $1 .OO for sh~pplngand handling. cate of legal protection for writers like himself who were victimized FREE CATALOG AVAILABLE by publishers who appropriated TO ORDER CALL TOLL FREE their work without compensation 800-223-6694 , MAJOR CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED following its initial printing. Fol- MINIMUM ORDER $20 00 lowing this mind-set, he actually TAYLOR MERCHANT CORP. 212 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 charged a fee for sitting for pho- - tographers who could then sell the photos to anyone interested. He got paid up front. This set a sort of standard adopted by many celebrities and also the photographers. Theatrical photographer Napoleon Sarony offered liberal fees to pho- Please enroll me as a member of the National Stereosco ic Association. tograph well known 19th century I understand that my one-year subscription to Stereo &rld will begin figures with exclusive rights to the with the MarchIApril issue of the current year. pictures he produced. This did not - .------prevent fly-by-night pirates from U.S. membership mailed third class ($22). selling copies of the originals. I U.S. membership mailed first class for faster delivery ($32). I Copying Techniques Foreign membership mailed surface rate, and first class to Canada ($34). I - I The best quality copies seem to U Foreign membership mailed international airmail ($48). I - I be made on 35mm color film. I use Send a sample copy ($5.50). Kodachrome 25 or 64. The resolu- U tion is excellent. Copying trans- Please make checks payable to the National Stereoscopic ibsociation. IForeign parencies with appropriate fussing members please remit in U.S. dollars with a Canadian Posi tal Money or der, an can produce results nearly (but not International Money Order, or a foreign bank draft on a U.! S. bank. 1 quite) as good as the originals. This medium also works well in copying prints, but changes the format to transparency - which is fine if one wishes to project them for an audience. Reproducing a viewcard is something else. For State Zip I reproducing black & white prints it is first necessary to make a negative. The copies are not as good as scopic 35mm color transparency film pro- I PO Box 14801, Columbus, OH 43214 I duces but nice results can be ( The Only National Organization Devoted Exclusively To Stereo Photography, Stereoviews, and 3-D Imaging Techniques. I

STEREO WORLD January/February 1992 29 by Ray Zone The 3

n February, the International California. Held at the huge San and an exhibitors hall where sever- ISociety for Optical Engineering, Jose Convention Center, the sym- al companies displayed 3-D imag- in conjunction with the Society posium included two full days of ing software and hardware. for Imaging Science and Technolo- sessions on stereoscopic displays Computer software continues to gy, presented a symposium on and applications. In addition, advance stereography into new electronic imagery in San Jose, there were sessions on holography realms, and the first half-day of sessions addressed stereoscopic display and software issues. One paper, presented by J. Liu on behalf of the Heinrich-Hertz Insti- tute in Germany, demonstrated software construction of intermediate pictures for a multi-view 3-D system. The software generates a tertiary view, and possibly any number of additional intermediate views, from a binocular stereogram. Software of this nature may eventually find application in autostereoscopic systems whether lenticular or holographic in nature. Robert Akka, software consultant at Stereographics Corporation, with a paper titled "Automatic software control of display parameters for stereoscopic graphics Susan Pinsky tries the Cyberspace II virtual reality head mounted display and LEEP dual images," outlined the geometry for video camera system. (Stereo by David Starkman.) positive and negative parallax variables and interactive computer programming which would allow user control to change their relative values. D.F. McAllister of North Carolina State University, similarly addressed the issues of parallax in pure geometry with a paper titled "Minimizing absolute parallax in stereo." It's interesting to see the technical aspects of a stereo image which is comfortable to view and visually pleasing, reduced to pure mathematics. I believe that most practicing stereographers make an intuitive application of the geometrical princi- ples discussed here, and that ulti- mately these mathematical values become aesthetic issues. Dimension Technologies Inc. has for the past year been market- Lenny Lipton of Stereo'yraphics Inc. demonstrates the new head tracking unit on the firm's 120 ing an autostereoscopic display hertz alternating field stereo video system. (Stereo by Ray Zone.) system that uses a Liquid Crystal screen. [See SW MayIJune 1990 page 35.1 J.B. Eichenlaub, a devel-

30 STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary1992 ~ttingEdge

oper at Dimension Technologies, outlined its current state. At the present time, the screen remains relatively small (about 9 x 12") and is limited to still imagery which is imputed from a video camera. The display is now in color but scaling up its size is in the hands of third- party developers who are working to build larger liquid crystal displays. An elegant presentation on a 50- inch autostereoscopic color TV display was made on behalf of NHK Science and Technical Research labs, who are working with Sanyo Electric and Toppan Printing Com- pany to develop the system. Top- pan is the 'Ompany for Part of the traveling slit mechanism in the screen unit of Kirby Meachum's autostereoscopic the lenticular 3-D postage stamps slide projection system. (Stereo by Ray Zone.) produced in recent years in Japan. The autostereoscopic TV display uses a unique holiow lenticula; screen to generate the binocular separation necessary for stereo. As with any lenticular autostereoscopic display there is a restricted viewing angle and periodic pseudo- scopic zones that become apparent. The final session of the conference, chaired by Scott Fisher of Telepresence Research, addressed virtual environments and some of the latest developments in virtual reality. E.M. Howlett of LEEP Sys- tems discussed the use of high-resolution inserts in head-mounted stereoscopic displays. His thesis posits that higher resolution is not necessary in the peripheral areas of Exhibited as a large transparency, this photographic stereopph incorporates the checkerboard our visual field. At the end of the micro-polarizer array exhibited by Sadeg Faris. Pixel size segments of the lefl and ri'qht ima'qs second day of sessions, conference are interspersed and polarized in the appropriate direction, then viewed through polarizing participants had a chance to don glasses just as a with a Vectograph. (Stereographed through polarizing filters by Susan Pinsky.) the Cyberspace 2 head-mounted display and experience virtual real- participants could fly a jet by screen to move in relation to the ity for themselves. Two environ- using a joystick for maneuvering. viewer. The stereo image may then ments were available in virtual In the exhibitors room, Lenny be seen with one's head tilted or reality. The first was the actual Lipton of Stereographics Corpora- the viewer can look over, under or environment of the room, experi- tion was demonstrating his 120 around the 3-D image. Optical enced through the LEEP dual-video hertz alternating field stereo video engineer Kirby Meachum of Ohio system, and the second was a com- system. A unique and recent devel- displayed a unique autostereoscop- puter generated room in which opment is the head-tracking unit ic slide projection system devel- which causes the stereo image on oped for the Air Force. It made use

STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFehruary 1992 31 of eight rear projected slides and a require only a silver screen and film. Faris is beginning to market mechanically traveling slit device polarizing glasses. The need for his invention for still imagery and which yielded an effective 3-D projection through polarizers soon we may see it applied to image. would be eliminated as would be motion pictures. Electronic Imagery Inc., devel- both twin-strip and single-strip The complete printed proceedings of the opers of software in use by NASA, configurations. The left and right symposium are available for $53 in North offered anaglyph glasses for view- eye image would be composited, America, $60 all other countries. Call ing a 3-D image converted to along with the polarizing ele- SPIE at 206-676-3290. 85 stereo by their Imagescale Plus ments, in a single frame of movie software. The software, by my esti- mation, uses the gray scale information in an image generated by a single light source to render a vol- umetric stereogram which is then displayed as an RGB anaglyph. Another exhibitor, Sadeg Faris of Hawthorne, New York, demonstrated a back-lit 3-D photo print viewable with polarizing glasses. Faris' innovation is the micro- polarizing array which should work for many 3-D applications. Essentially, Faris' array polarizes light in a checkerboard rather than a linear fashion and can be incorporated into the photo-emulsion development process. Theoretical- ly then, we may shortly see 3-D movies at our local theater which

Left Right

wL L Y

In 1950, one of television's classic science-fiction adventures debuted-- SPRCE PRTROL. This forerunner of STRR TREK centered around the voyages of the crew of a United Planets space cruiser as It crossed the solar system and beyond. Through a special licensing agreement with Uade Williams Ill, SPLIT INFINITIVE proudly offers high quality Realist-format reproductions of the full set of 24 Kodachrome Stori-View slides, packaged in a colorful box, including a booklet and viewer. This is one of the scarcest media-related 3D slide sets. Six of the original The Sadeg system modulates the digitized Stori-View SPRCE PRTROL cards recently sold for $350 at left and right images into checkerboard a Hakes auction. Here's your chance to acquire a complete patterns which can then be multiplexed set for the introductory price of $49.95, plus $5 postage into a single pame. When this is covered and handling. RII duplication is done on a Honeywell 805 with the micro-polarizer array at the bot- Repronar. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back. Rllow tom, the film, print or video stereo image 4 - 6 weeks for delivery. can be viewed through polarizingglasses. (PI and P2 indicate opposite directions of polarization.) SPLIT INFINITN€, PO BOX 2324, BR€M€RTON, UIA 98310, View-Master (Continued from page 25) 3-D TV IS HERE! is that the quality of the light used for viewing will greatly influence GET HIGH DEFINITION QUALITY the color of the image one obtains. Since daylight is extremely variable as to quality depending on FROM YOUR HOME TV! one's location, the season, etc., it could not be accepted as the standard of illumination. Instead the MOM12001 photographs are intended to be viewed with a 100W-150W frosted HOME 3-D THEATRETM white Mazda bulb. It is best to place the bulb in a light fixture of the goose-neck type and reflect the light down on a large sheet of TO CAPTURE THE MAGIC OF 3-D ON white paper or several sheets of YOUR HOME TV, you will need a 3-D TV good white grade typing paper. StereoVisorTM,and a Model 2001 Some will no doubt be quick to StereoDriverTM.Plug the StereoVisor, power supply and the video out from point out that no grade of paper is your VCR into the StereoDriver. Put pure white, but this, even though your 3-D videotape in the VCR, turn true, is a minor consideration not down the lights and enjoy fantastic SD! likely to influence adversely the Each StereoDriver can be used with four color of the reproductions. View or more pairs of StereoVisors by using stereo the photographs against the mini plug splitters. VIDEOTAPE reflected light. The intensity of the illumination can be easily reg- ~TEREoDR~R~ ulated by changing the distance SCIENCE FICTIONMoVIES between the viewer and the paper. Cot Women of heMoon (1953) (G) All comparisons of color, includ- The Zoo (1 966) (PG) Stereo extension cord @ $14.95 ing those found in the glossary, Hideous Mutant (1 976)(PG) Stereo Mini Plug Splitter @ $3.95 were made by this method. WESTERN 30 b he 2 1 st Cenhrry (40 pages) @ $5 (We found these instructions Outlaw Territory (1953)(G) Professional Products Brochure (Info. on interesting and viewed several reels ADVENTURE Stereo Camera Switcher, Stereo Camera lens, Stereo Video Pro/ectron, Wireless R~singSun (1973)(PG) using a l5OW soft white bulb with StereoVisor) FREE ADULTS the light reflected against the white 3-D TV T-shirt (Colorfvl3-0 Nlogo w/ paper, The results do depict excel- First Kisses (1972)(R) collage of class~c3-D movies posten) lent color when using this method.) Hawaiian Fantasy (1976)(R) Specrfy Sizes (Men's only), S, M, I, or The set was produced in a limit- Political Pleasures (1975)(R) XL). $20 00 ed edition of 500 co~iesand there- The Stewardesses (1969)(R) VHS Tapes @ $49.95 fore is quite rare. Many of these Criminals (1 973)(R) BETA @ $59.95 sets are still the property of col- Sexcalibur (1 982)(XXX) 8MM @ $59.95 leges and universities throughout Chambermaids (1 972)(R) Super VHS Stereo @ $69.95 the country. The original selling MISCELUNEOUS SUBTOTAL price for the set was $26.50. (Quite The World of 3D (1989)(G) $49.95 Sales Tax (7%in CA only) 3D Teaser Vol. 1 (PG) $29.95 (Clips Postage ($6 / 3D Theatre; $1 0 / 30 a difference from the price one from 3D movies) Theatre for 2, $2 per tape or accessory would sell for today.) The 33 reels Bill and Coo (1 947)(G)- the all-bird item). could also be purchased separately classic "Solidized" $29.95 COD - cash or money orders. for $11.00. Originally packaged in Sam Space (1 954) (G) Animated, AUOW 6 WEEKS FOR PERSONAL CHECKS TO CLEAR a silverlgreen Sawyer's logo box, 10 minutes, $1 9.95 -TOTAL AMT. ENCLOSED the set of reels remained in inven-- 3-D Computer Graphics (1990) 20 min. "ideo gomes-super-computers!$1 9.95 Unfohnately, we are currently unable 10 accept tory for several years and was later credit card purchases. sold in a white personal reel box. TRAILERS This monumental work was 2D Trailen for 3D Movies - 22 rare Name (print) trailen (50 minutes) (PG) $39.95 enthusiastically received by the Street&A~t. scientific community and is still "Solidized" 2D Trailers for 3D Movies considered "the" definitive work (50 minutes) (PG) $39.95 City state Z~D

NEW TITLES AVAILABLE~ - SOON!--- on mushrooms. A short time ago Phone ) we met one of the Forest Rangers at Mt. Hood. She continues to use CHECK LIST I am over 21 (sign) her mushroom set today and feels Home 3-D Theatre @ $1 89.95 that it is not only an interesting (1 StereoDriver, 1 Stereovisor, 1 Movie) Rl(ESANDAVAllABllllYSUBJECITOOlANGEWrmOlllNOTI(E way to study fungi but a real asset Home 3-D Theatre for 2 @ $269.95 3-D TV CORPORATION to her in her work for the National (1 StereoDriver, 2 StereoVisors, 2 Movies) Stereovisor @ $49.95 Box 13059 San Rafael, CA 949133059 Park Service. m StereoDriver @ $149.95 415/479/3516 FAX: 415/479/3316

STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary 1992 33 3-D Substance illed as "the 1st 3-D hero of the B'90s", a comic book character called Substance - Spirit of Justice is featured in two recent releases from 3-D Zone Publications. This particular superhero is able to make himself invisible with the help of a high tech netting material which he can expand to make other objects disappear as well. The character is revealed to readers by being printed only in the blue anaglyphic ink, visible only to the left eye through the red lens of the glasses. (Presumably the bad guys can't see him, since they're not wearing 3-D glasses!) The method has been used in earlier 3-D comics for special effects in specific panels, but Sub- stance floats through nearly the entire comic (this is No. 2) this way, easily outwitting several crooks and "Captain Gaze" who wears radar goggles and hopes to lustin Smith, as the invisible SUBSTANCE, bafflesthe evil Captain Gaze in the centerfold of seize the secret of invisibility for 2" military use. The 3-D drawings are "3-0 Substance No. from 3-0 Zone. O 1991 lack C. Ham's and The 3-0 Zone easily seen through the outline figure of Substance, which tends to erst senses in the creation of the Ken Feduniewicz with 3-D conver- fade in and out with the retinal illusion. sion by Ray Zone. For a current rivalry induced by its being seen 3-0 Substance is created and catalog and ordering information, by only one eye. This adds to the written by Jack C Harris, Drawn by send $1.00 to 3-D Zone, Box effect nicely, exercising the read- Steve Ditko, and calligraphed by 741 159, Los Angeles, CA 90004. 1 International View-Master Meeting 1 The first International meeting rare advertising reels, will be a Museum 3. Dimension featuring dedicated to View-Master collec- highlight of the event. A competi- some never before exhibited items. tors and photographers has been tion open to anyone with reels Registration is DM 95.00 prior to set for September 18-20, 1992 in covering any subject will offer April '92, DM 145.00 after that. Dinkelsbuhl, Germany. Sponsored awards and prizes. Workshops on Contact Werner Stahle, Rahm 27, by the German View-Master Club, View-Master photography, cameras D-8500 Nurnberg 20, Germany. the event will be held in the Muse- and mounting will also be includ- Tel. 0911 / 55 46 51. um 3. Dimension, which recently ed. moved into larger quarters in one A trade fair and flea market will of the medieval town's ancient offer both new 3-D products and buildings. (See JulyIAug. used treasures from cameras to This column depends on reador for information. (We don't know everything!)Send NewViews, page 33.) projectors, viewers, reels, etc. A information or questions to David Starkman, Stereo projection of both his- special View-Master exhibition will PO. Box 2368, Culver City, CA 90231. 1 toric and current reels, including open, to run for one year, at the

34 STEREO WORLD JanuarylFebmary1992 u Guadeloupe Book First in 3-D Series Enjoy Your Trip In the are some underwater views and a Third Dimension delightful eye-to-eye stereo portrait Never a year seems to pass with- of an iguana. out some new or new-old develop- The purpose of the book is of ment in what might be termed course to promote tourism in Consumer 3-D. In that tradition a Guadeloupe, and only the most firm in France is aimed at publish- inviting and charming images are ing a series of twelve 3-D "Photo- included among the ads for hotels Guide" books of scenes in French and restaurants. In that respect it's lands overseas and in France itself. part of a long tradition of pub- The first of these, on the Carib- lished stereography employed as a bean islands of Guadeloupe, is less than objective promotional now in print. La Guadeloupe en device, and it makes no claim of reliefby C. Chris is a quite interest- being otherwise. The potential of ing and well done 68 page, slick- stereography to provide some feel- paper, soft-bound tour of the ing of what it's like to actually live islands in some 80 half and full someplace remains for amateurs to page color photos (40% in explore largely on their own. This anaglyph 3-D) plus color advertise- is certainly the first publication of its type in the busy, competitive ments for places to stay, shop, dine will get financial support from and wine. field of tourism books, and it defi- clients or advertisers, even if the nitely succeeded in placing Guade- The text is in both French and anaglyphs must suffer in the pro- English. An especially handy fea- loupe high on my list of stops if I cess. ever find myself on a Caribbean ture is a map identifying the loca- With careful planning, many tion of each photograph - offering cruise. Whether or not it will also color anaglyphs can be surprising- spread interest in anaglyphic a new dimension to the term ly effective, as in David Burder's "point and shoot" stereography for stereo imaging remains to be seen. feature in the current Minolta Mir- Books in progress in C. Chris those who speak no French and ror annual reviewed in the might have a driver who may not Publications' "The World in 3-D" July/August '91 NewViews. But in a series are listed as: The Alps; Corsi- understand "Take me to the tripod situation where the images can't ca; Languedoc-Rousillon; Chateaux of holes" in English. The notes on be chosen on the basis of which the rear cover end with "Enjoy the Loire; Mont St. Michel; Polynesia; will be the least troublesome in a St. Martin; Martinique; Re'union and your trip in the third dimension". color anaglyph, the inherent limi- Readers are likely to do just that. New Caledonia. tations of the process are exposed -John Dennis The book is available direct from with every bright red, blue or yel- C. Chris Publications 3D, BP 5076, low element in the picture. Close 34032 MONTPELLIER Cedex, France work with a printer willing and for 100 F (includes overseas able to carefully manipulate the postage). anaglyphic colors in with the color The Next 3 NSA -Melvin M. Lawson separation process prior to making The Color Anaglyph the plates is also necessary. Conventions Dilemma In La Guadeloupe en relief; the anaglyphic effect is at the mercy of Facilities contracts have been La Guadeloupe en relief; pho- both intrusive strong colors and signed for national conventions tographed, written and published high contrast scenic views in direct through 1994. Those who need to by C. Chris, is the latest example sunlight. The retinal rivalry and plan in advance can now pick one of the dilemma facing any publica- ghosting are obvious in some or more of these combinations of tion seeking commercial success scenes, while in others would dates and places to enter on their with anaglyphic stereo photos. probably bother only experienced calendar or computer. Custom inks for left and right stereo enthusiasts. In views of 1992 Fort Wayne, IN Aug. 14-16 monochrome images provide the houses and close-ups of the island easiest viewing with the least flora, most of the anaglyphs work 1993 San Diego, CA Aug. 13-15 ghosting, especially if the Euro- very well and probably represent 1994 Milwaukee, WI June 17-19 pean style orange and bright green the sort of impressive 3-D effect colors are used. But the now com- Mr. Chris had in mind for the monly expected full color publica- entire ambitious project. Best of all tions are about the only type that

STEREO WORLD Januarylkbruary 1992 35 Bart In Depth The Simpsons illustrated 1992 voices Steve Allen and George Annual is a 32 page comic book Takai. Several steps in the anima- format publication in "Mind-bend- tion process - both drawing and ing knee-slapping eye-popping video - are shown in color 3-D" featuring most of the Matt anaglyphs which work fairly well Groening characters from the ani- in most cases. Some suffer from mated TV series. Yellow, blue and intrusions of non-anaglyphic pink tones are incorporated into strong colors or ghosting, but the the anaglyphic drawings to give an images fuse easily if viewed under impression of color to the pages. a very bright light, and they clearly This interferes less than one might represent a first in a fan magazine expect with the 3-D effect, but the dedicated to an animated show. use of screened magenta and cyan (Collectors of 3-D glasses will find for the anaglyphic colors allows the special "SIMPS-0-VISION" glass- some ghosting in the otherwise es a must.) As Bart announces in well done 3-D separations by Ray the centerfold, "Whoa! Totally Zone. dimensional, Man"! Most interesting of all is a six Simpsons Illustrated is published page section of stereo photos taken five times a year. To request the during a party kicking off The 3-D issue or to subscribe, write to Simpsons third season and in the show's producer, director, publi- Simpsons Illustrated, Box 10195, animation studio. The Realist cists, and several of the people Des Moines, IA 50340 or call 515- stereos by Gary Schwartz include behind the voices of the regular 243-4543. w Matt Groening as well as the characters. Also seen are guest

WANTED: ' Milwaukee

I Beautiful floral radiographs in 3-D are offered as Stereoviews stereo cards with white backgrounds or as stereo slides with black backgrounds. Only a limited Glass Slides number of cards and slides of each flower will be produced, then the original radiographs will be Real Photo PC's destroyed. Each will be numbered and signed by Albert G. Richards. For illustrated catalog, send $1.50 to: Cary Sternick ALMAR Company 11318 Ericston Dr. PO. Box 15174 Houston, TX 77070 Ann Arbor, MI 48104 (713) 351-9806 (W) (713) 320-0277 (H)

36 STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary 1992 Stereo's Ups & Downs Reflected in Text Books Stereo Ascending: they could have been written apart as a person's eyes. The two A Text Located by today. I only wish that the materi- pictures are cut apart, trimmed Mark Willke als and supplies situation today into shape and transposed in were as trouble-free as it apparent- mounting - that is, the right is recently purchased a book on ly was in 1903! placed at the left, and vice versa. Iphotography, and discovered The pictures are then viewed that there were almost five pages How Not to Write through a stereoscope, the effect devoted to stereo! One quote in About Stereo: of which is to bring the magni- the stereo section is particularly A Text located by fied image of one picture over interesting: "...At one time this the other, giving an effect of per- Robert G. Wilson spective and relief, as in nature. most beautiful branch of photogra- The early books on the tech- The work necessitates the pur- phy enjoyed immense popularity. niques of photography treated chase of a special outfit, and the However, its star waned, unfortu- stereoscopic photography in differ- exercise of unusual skill and nately, though the signs of the ent manners. A few, like The Stereo- care, somewhat out of the range times are that it is once more in scope by Sir David Brewster, were of amateur art. As the pictures the ascendant. Meanwhile there entirely devoted to stereo. It was are out of fashion - the grapho- scope and the 5 x 8 view having are many devotees who recognize indeed fortunate that not many the marvelously beautiful results taken their place, I will not go books presented stereoscopic pho- into the details of the work, and which are possible with the stereo- tography as Tapley did in his 1884 scope, and who, by their patient I would advise my readers to take book written for the new amateur the same course. work and excellent photography, photographer. His complete cover- will be the means of placing the age of the subject was the short Photography text books can be a neglected art once more on its for- one-page chapter shown here from way of judging the prominence of mer pedistal." Amateur Photography: A Practical stereography at certain points in his- I thought this statement pretty Instructor by D.J. Tapley, New York: tory. These two classic examples doc- well summed-up today's stereo Hurst & CO., 1884. ument the decline and resurgence in scene, but surprisingly, the book stereo interest just before and affer the was printed in 1903! Titled Photo- CHAPTER XVII turn of the century. Similar swings in graphic Instruction Book, it was writ- STEREOSCOPIC the treatment of stereo could be pulled ten by Townsend T. Stith, (hard- PICTURES from selected texts published in the cover, 282 pages) and was pub- These views, which once were 1940s compared to some from the lished by Sears, Roebuck & Co. so popular, are made by a camera early to mid 1950s. m Mr. Stith evidently thought very having two lenses, placed as far highly of stereo photography, as can be seen in another quote from his book. After listing some of the various supplies needed for stereoscopic photography, he states, "All these things can be obtained from Letters the photographic dealers, so that (Continued from page 3) the amateur who aspires to stereoscopic work - and he can hardly everything, but I can't think of a also of many of the smaller have a nobler ambition - will not single case, offhand, in which he operators as well. However, this find any difficulties in procuring gave credit to the source. does help to account for the wide the materials he will require." All in all, it's difficult in many range of techniques which show Certainly a lot has happened in cases to track down who actually up under their imprints. the world of stereo during the took a photo. This is especially T.K. Treadwell almost 90 years that have passed true of the big producers such as Bryan, TX m since this book was published, but Anthony, Soule, Langenheim, I find it interesting that parts of Stacy, Kilburn, and Keystone, but the stereo chapter sound as though

STEREO WORLD JanuarylFebruary1992 37 3-D NUDES, uncut, u-mount to your format. EARLY 1900s NUDES in 3-D! Nine quality VIEW-MASTER & TRU-VUE auctlon corn- 24 exposures, approximately 19 slides, reproduced Realist slides only $18. A frac- ing March 1992. Please send a LSASE for $30. Sheer Fantasy Newsletter, sample tion of the cost of the originals! Famous listing and details. Scott Kemling, PO Box $.50. $21. yearly sub., 12 issues. The 3-D Dreams Bathing Beauties catalog is 24522, Edina, MN 55424. Snap Shoppe, 1871 SW 37th Terrace, Fort always free! 3-D Dreams, Box 1441, Lauderdale, FL 33312. Orem, UT 84059-1441. VIEW-MASTER MODEL "A" viewer, Exc.+ in slightly worn original woodgrain-style 3-D PRODUCTS! Books, posters, View- FOR REALIST FORMAT SLIDES: wood cardboard box with space for reel storage, Master, 3-D viewers, etc. - a wide variety trays with dividers, hold 70 slides: $6 $25; Guild 3-D viewer, mint- in original to suit just about everyone! For our new each. Compco slide binder: $1 5. 1951 box, $20; Tru-Vue viewer, brown & white, catalog, send $1.00 (refundable with Realist ad $3.50; 400 California views: mint- in original box, $15; 50 cardboard- order) to: Cygnus Graphic, Box 32461-X, $80. Brumberger lighted viewer: $30; Wol- frame redlblue anaglyphic glasses, brand Phoenix, AZ 85064. lensack camera: 112.7, 11300: $285. Art new, $20. 75 different hand-lettered View- Faner, #I01 - 1961 Center, Salem, OR Master reels, SASE for list. Mark Willke, ARTHUR GIRLING'S "Stereo Drawing - A 97301. 200 SW 89th Ave., Portland, OR 97225. Theory of 3-D vision and its Application to (503) 297-7653. (Please add UPS) Stereo Drawing" 100 pages hardbound JOHN WALDSMITH'S "Stereo Views, An 8'/2" x 12". Stereo photographers are find- Illustrated History and Price Guide" avail- VIEW-MASTER OUTLET of scenic and reli- ing that the book applies equally to stereo able signed from the author, $22.95 soft- gious reels. Some with our own picture photography and is a mine of information bound or $34.95 hardbound, add $2.95 selections that we got special printings of. on methods of making 3-D pictures and postage and handling. Mastercard and Quality discounts. Christian & Scenic Pub- viewing them. Written in non-technical lan- VISA accepted. John Waldsmith, PO Box lications, R 8, Bloomfield, IA 52537. guage and profusely illustrated with B&W 191, Sycamore, OH 44882. drawings and also 11 pages of superb anaglyphs, this book is a must for the seri- NIMSLO ACCESSORY LENSES: Close-up & infinity focus from StereoType, PO Box ous stereoscopist. Now available from the - BIERSTADT BROS , and 1500 other select- NSA Book Service, 4201 Nagle Road, 1637, Florence, OR 97439. ed stereo vlews ~nstock. Will trade only for Bryan, TX 77801. Price including postage: OLD KEY WEST IN 3-D, Joan and Wright Malne flat mount views - any subject or $1 9 USNCanada. Overseas add $2 sur- Langley, 62 pp, 52 duotone stereo views condition. Wrrte or call for details: Blaine E. face, $4 air. with plastic viewer, softbound, 9" x 6"; Bryant, 864 Bridgeton Road, Westbrook, ME 04092, (207) 854-4470. AUTHORIZED LICENSED reissue of the $14.95 plus $2.50 shipping. The Langley extremely rare 1950s Stori-view "Space Press, 821 Georgia St., Key West, FL VIEW-MASTER Mark II collector's dream Patrol" cards. Twenty-four 3-D images in 33040. outfit. Stereo Color camera in original Realist format, with story booklet and REALIST MOUNTERISEALER. Exclusive package with instructions and warranty viewer in colorful box. Each photo is color distributor of Seary's M-8 hand cast & card, eveready case in original (although corrected and individually copied on Fuji machined unit. Only quality unit in produc- unlabeled) box, film cutter in original box slide duplicating film with a Honeywell 805 tion in the US., fully guarenteed. Throw with instructions, film inserter in original Repronar: $49.95 ppd. Elliott Swanson, out your iron or expensive mounts. Only envelope with instructions, View-Master PO Box 2324, Bremerton, WA 98310, $225 + $5 S&H. Heat Seal Mounts $91100, dusting brush in original bag, and a color (206) 479-8197. 1 also repair sprocket $251300. Viewers: Realist $2.95, Twin brochure advertising the entire Mark II sys- damage to Tru-Vue rolls. 35mm $3.95. (Add $2.95 per order ship- tem, all stored in a large "Fine Products ping.) Quantity Discounts. Call: (908) 583- from GAF" box. Everything in pristine like- AZDEN STEREO LENS SYSTEM - LCD new condition with the exception of owner glasses inc. Fits Camcorders wt. variable 8140. IPA, 100-E Highway 34, Suite 115, Matawan, NJ 07747. ID engraved on back of camera body. Will speeds. $500 Firm. Call or Fax 1-407-478- trade entire outfit for boxed Stereo Realist 6816 or send to Thomas & John Rando, RED WING VIEW COMPANY is now equipment in similar condition. What have 11 11 Loxahatchee Dr. #I, West Palm "StereoType". We provide stereoscopic you got? Mark Willke, 200 SW 89th Ave., Beach. FL 33409-5068. - - -- consulting, produce newsletters, and pub- Portland. OR 97225. (503) 297-7653. CAMERA CHIEF (See SW Nov.1Dec. '88 lish wholesome & pleasing new print and MayIJune '77) lacking top cover and views. Contact: (503) 997-8879 or PO Box coin mechanism: $200. Bill Angrick, 8669 1637, Florence, OR 97439. AFRICAN AMERICAN civ~llanand rn~litary Summit Dr., Clive, IA 50325. TDC STEREO SELECTRON CHANGER. new in original box, complete with one stereographlc cards from Civil War, the As part of their membership, NSA members Selectron slide tray and all adaptors, etc. West and World War I. Paul Batchelor, are offied free use of classifled advertising. For use on any TDC stereo unit. $150. 11330 S. Edbrooke Ave., Chicago, IL Members may use I00 words per year, divid- ppd. Please write for availability. Scott 60628. ed into three ads with a maximum of 35 Kemling. PO Box 24522. Edina, MN ALASKA AND KLONDIKE stereo views; words per ad. Additional words and addi- 55424. also Daguerreotype, Ambrotype & Tintype tional ads may be inserted at the rate of 200 stereos. Send copies, descriptions, prices. per word. Please inclfrdepayments with ads. UNUSUAL KEYSTONE OUTFIT: Double oak cabinet, in excellent condition, Thanks! Robert King, 3800 Coventry We cannot provide billings. Deadline is the Drive, Anchorage, AK 99507. Prst day of the month preceding publication includes oak stand, 572 cards (6 drawer date. Send ads to the National Stereoscopic cabinet) and 596 matching glass lantern ANDREW JOHNSON, cdvs & stereos. Association, PO. Box 14801, Columbus, slides, (12 drawer cabinet), Delineascope Views showing the Reviewing stand at the OH 43214, or call (419) 927.2930. A rate & Monarch viewer. 56 Leuty, Toronto, M4E Grand Parade in D.C. (See Darrah). Buy sheet for display ads is oval 2R4 Canada. Tel. 1-416-691-1 555. or trade. Michael W. Griffith, 4316 Hale request. (Please send SASE., Drive. Lilburn, GA 30247.

38 STEREO WORLD ]anuav/Febmary 1992 ANY OF THE RAUMBILD-VERLAG I BUY ARIZONA PHOTOGRAPHS! Stereo RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR VIEWS: Individu- VIEWS, espec~allythe ones of H~tler's views, cabinet cards, mounted pho- al cards or sets. Also, U&U Russia boxed Germany. Also older V~ew-Masterreels of tographs, RP post cards, albums and pho- set and tour book. V. Buttignol, 9893 W. scenlc views and movles. Send sell I~st. tographs taken before 1920. Also interest- Moccasin TR., Wexford, PA 15090. Vance, 5513 Hwy 73-E, Concord, NC ed in xeroxes of Arizona stereographs and 28025. photos for research. Will pay postage and SEEKING STEREOGRAPHS of Seminole copy costs. Jeremy Rowe, 2331 E. Del Rio or other Florida Indians. Send Xerox front AVIATION views: pre-1945 aircraft, zep- Dr., Tempe, AZ 85282. and back to: Alison Nordstrom, PO Box pelins, balloons. Please send photocopy 281 1. Davtona Beach. FL 32120-281 1. and price to F. Doerenberg, Dept 661- IOWA FLAT MOUNT STEREO VIEWS. Buy FCS, POB 9327, Ft. Lauderdale. FL or trade. P. Juhl, 1427 Dolen Place, lowa STEREO DAGUERREOTYPES: All kinds, 33310. Citv. IA 52246. (319) 354-9356. all nations & subjects. Any condition. Ken Appollo, PO Box 241, Rhinecliff, NY BOXED SET OF AFRICA. Also South LONG ISLAND, NY collector seeking any 12574, (914) 876-5232. African diamond mining & related. Alan stereo views and real photograph post Young. 404 Westlea Dr., Westfield, IN cards of Long Island. I answer all letters STEREOS OF GRAND RAPIDS, Lake 46074. and pay postage. Good material seldom Charlevoix, MI. Wallingford, Clinton, CT. refused. Joe Trapani, 611 Haig Street, Milford, Shohola, Parker's Glen, Walker BRIT AND HELLER. Any images by Peter Baldwin, NY 11510. Lake, Twin Lakes (Pike Copunty), PA. Port Britt or Louis Heller. Mautz, PO Box 9, Jervis, NY, Alaska, Klondike. Wood, Box Brownsville, CA 95919. MUYBRIDGE VIEWS. Top prices paid. Also 22165, Juneau, AK 99802, ph/Fax (907) Michigan and Mining - the 3 Ms. Many 586-6748. CENTRAL PARK, NY - Prospect Park, views available for trade. Leonard Walle, Brooklyn: All stereo views, photos, 1850- 60 Pinto Lane. Novato. CA 94947. STILL LOOKING FOR Baja stereo slide 1930. Herbert Mitchell, 601 W. 113th St., caseslchests/files with drawers marked #8-H, New York, NY 10025, (212) 932- NEW MEMBER permanently wants old "Versafile". Also looking for Stereo Realist 8667. stereo views of Saginaw and East Sagi- brand slide cases/chestslfiles in exc. or naw. Also, old stereo views, post cards, better condition. Mark Willke, 200 SW 89th COLLECT, TRADE, BUY & SELL: 19th photog, or anything pertaining to the Ave., Portland, OR 97225. (503) 297- Century images (Cased, stereo, Cdv, Cab- Pierre-Marquette or Potter Street passen- 7653. inet & large paper). Bill Lee, 8658 S. Glad- ger train depot in Saginaw or East Sagi- iator Way, Sandy, UT 84094. Specialties: naw. Please describe, send Xerox, or on STILLWATER, MINN. Stereos wanted by Western. Locomotives, photographers, approval. I have a few postcards and local collector. Photographers include Sin- Indians, Mining, J. Carbutt. Expeditions, stereo views to trade. Darren, 1914 North clair, Lomis and others. Please write with Ships, Utah & Occupational. Charles, Saginaw, MI 48602. description and reasonable price to Brent Peterson, PO Box 590, Stillwater, MN CONTINUAL BUYER of Block Island, NEWBURYPORT, MASS. stereo views by 55082. Rhode Island 1. Stereos, 2. Cabinets, 3. Meinerth, Moseley, Maclntosh, Reed and Real photo post cards. Ship for prompt others. Buy or trade. Scott Nason, 12 TDC 116 3-D PROJECTOR (Old style). payment: Peter Benin, 96 Bald Hill Rd., Marlboro St., Newburyport, Mass. 01950, capable of projecting full frame 3-0 slide Wilton, CT. 06897. (508) 462-2953. mounts. Excellent condition and working order. R. Ferragallo, 5743 San Pablo Dam DAGUERREOTYPES of children with toys PERMANENT WANT Stereo views of Boul- Rd., El Sobrante, CA 94803, (510) 222- or just nicely tinted images - and stereo der, Colorado and the Colorado Front 5613. FAX (510) 835-5740. views of Louisiana and New York City. Lar- Range. Alan Ostlund, 479 Arapahoe Ave., ry Berke, 28 Marksman Lane, Levittown, Boulder, CO 80302, (303) 444-0645. US MINT, Coins & Paper money stereos NY 11 756-5110. wanted! Views of coining, printing opera- RAUMBILD STEREO BOOKS WANTED! tions, Mint exteriors, interiors from DUO-VEX camera, and other Univex items. These are German books with 6 x 13 cm Philadelphia, San Francisco. New Roy Shetter, Box 4, Willow Street, PA paper views in pockets in the thick covers. Orleans, Denver, Dahlonega (Georgia), 17584, (717) 464-3004. David Starkman, PO Box 2368, Culver Charlotte, Carson City, Treasury Dept. EARLY NON-AMERICAN TOWN SCENES City, CA 90231. Tel: (310) 837-2368 or (Washington, DC) are wanted. Especially - card or glass: naked ladies (can be later) Fax: (310) 558-1653. seeking long U&U series (#I2120-1 221 9) and table-top viewers wanted. John Nor- circa 1904 showing Philadelphia mint REALIST 2.8 and Wollensak 10 stereo operations. Send any views for my man, Belfort Str. 19, 7800 Freiburg, Ger- cameras in good to excellent condition. many. approval priced, or send Xerox copy with Also, Realist stereo viewer. Michael Pas- condition and price. Same day reply. David FLORIDA STEREOS of historical value, sarelli, 144-64 Sanford Ave., Flushing, NY Sundman, president. Littleton Coin Co., especially Tallahassee, Tampa and 11355, (718) 539-9444. 253 Union St., Littleton, NH 03561, (603) Gainesville. Price and describe or send on REALIST ALUMINUM MASKS wanted. 444-5386. approval, highest prices paid for pre-1890 Elliott Swanson, PO Box 2324, Bremerton, VIEW-MASTER 86551 Vanguard launch in views. No St.Augustine. Hendriksen, PO WA 98310, (206) 479-8197. Box 21153, Kennedy Space Center, FL envelope; any 3 reel airport packets (C200 32815. RELATIVE SEEKING cabinet card by Orley, C283 London, etc.). Also wanted. Coover Bros., lowa City, IA. Reverse iden- boxes of VM blank reel mounts. Elliott HIGHEST PRICES PAID. Pennsylvania tifies Samuel Coleman, Law Class '92 Swanson, PO Box 2324, Bremerton, WA views: Allentown, Bethlehem, Mauch "Died lost and alone.." P. Juhl, 1427 Dolen 98310, (206) 479-8197. Chunk, Pottsville. Also large lots or collec- Place, lowa City, IA 52246. tions of View-Master reels. Leonard Griff, VIEWS OF GLASS MAKING INDUSTRY, 1545 Appletree Road, Harrisburg, PA REPLACEMENT CORD for Kodaslide 11. glass exhibitions, glass blowing, etc. Send 17110. Also any complete card sets except travel, info and price to Jay Doros, 780 Chancel- especially comic. Please send condition lor Ave., Iwington, NJ 07111-2997. I AM A CONTINUAL BUYER of Block and price. Also want cabinet photos of WEST VIRGINIA stereo views. Views by Island, Rhode Island: Stereos, cabinets, children with toys, pets, costumes, etc. real photo post cards. Ship for prompt pay- Anderson, Bishop Bros.. Chase & McGar- Send Xerox of possible and price. Bob ry among others. Send photocopies and ment: Peter Benin, 96 Bald Hill Rd., Truesdell, 1125 Stonewood Ct., Glad- Wilton. CT 06897. price. I respond promptly. Tom Prall, Rt. 3, stone. OR 97027. (503) 656-6230. Box 146, Apt. 6, Buckhannon, WV 26201.

STEREO WORLD JanuarylFebruary 1992 39 April 18-19 (OH) May 3 (NJ) May 22-24 (OH) Ohio Camera Swap, Shadybrook 18th Annual Ocean County Camera Ohio Camera Collectors Society 30th Armory, Cincinnati, OH. Contact Bill Club Photo Trade Show, Lakewood Annual Show, Sale & Auction. Radis- Bond, 8910 Cherry, Blue Ash, OH High School, Lakewood, NJ. Contact son Hotel North, Columbus, OH. 45242. Call 513-891-5266. Harold Kessler, 1195 Cecil Court, Contact John Durand, Box 282, April 25 (WA) Lakewood, NJ 08701. Call 908-363- Columbus, OH 43216. Call 614-885- 8099 or 363-8056. 3224. I'uget Sound Photographic Collec- tor's Society Twelfth Annual Camera May 9-10 (CA) June 14 (AZ) & Photographica Sale, Swap, and Western Photographic Collectors Phoenix Camera Shows. Show. Kent Commons, 4th Ave. N, & Association Trade Show and Exhibi- (See May 10.) James, Kent, WA. Contact PSPCS, tion of Photographica, Pasadena June 14 (CA) Suite E, Box 202, 5109 Point Fosdick Center, 300 Green St., Pasadena, CA. Buena Park Camera Swap Meet. Dr., Gig Harbor,WA 98355. Call 206- Contact WPCA, Box 4294, Whittier, (See May 17.) 851-6361. CA 90607. Call 310-693-8421. June 14 (NJ) April 25 (TX) May 10 (AZ) Second Sunday Camera Show. NSA SOUTH CENTRAL REGION, Phoenix Camera Shows, Best West- (See May 10.) SPRING MEETING. loam - 3pm, ern Sir Francis, Phoenix, AZ. Contact Convention Center, 1300 Geo Bush Dale at 602-266-3301. June 20 (Ny) Buffalo Super Camera Show & Sale, Dr., College Station, TX. Contact May 10 (NJ) Carroll Bell, Box 9162, College Sta- Hearthstone Manor, 333 Dick Rd., Second Sunday Camera Show, Fire- Depew, NY. Contact Photorama USA, tion, TX 77842. Call 409-693-7004 mans Hall, Parish Drive, Wayne, NJ. days. 20219 Mack Ave., Grosse Pointe Contact Second Sunday Camera Woods, MI 48236. Call 313-884- April 25-26 (OH) Shows, 25 Leary Ave., Bloomingdale, 2243. Arkron-Cleveland Camera Show & NJ 07403. Call 201-838-4301. Model Shoot, Holiday Inn-Coliseum, June 20-21 (OH) May 17 (CA Ohio Camera Swap. (See April 18.) Richfield, OH. Contact Photorama Buena Park Camera Swap Meet, USA, 20219 Mack Ave., Grosse Sequoia Club, 7530 Orangethorpe June 21 (IL) Pointe Woods, MI 48236. Call 313- Ave., Buena Park, CA. Call 714-786- Chicagoland's Camera & Photo 884-2243. 6644 or 786-8183. Show. (See April 19.) April 26 (MA) May 17 (England) June 28 (co) Boston Antique Photographic Image Photographica '92 - 8th Annual Lon- Denver Colorado 6th Photorama Show - #1 image in the NE - No cam- don International Camera Collectors USA. (See April 28.) eras! New location - Westford Regen- Fair. Royal Horticultural Society's June 28 (VA) cy, 1-495 exit 32, Westford, MA. Con- new hall, Greycoat St., Westminster, Barone Camera Swap Meet, Holiday tact Russell Norton, Box 1070, New London. Organized by the Photo- Inn Crystal City, Arlington, VA. Con- Haven, Ct 06504. Call 203-562-7800. graphic Collectors Club of Great tact Camera Swap Meet c/o Barone & April 26 (IL) Britain. Contact PCCGB, 5 Station Co., Box 18043, Oxon Hill, MD Chicagoland's Camera & Photo Industrial Estate, Low Prudhoe, 20745. Call 703-768-2231. an Show, Holiday Inn, 860 Irving Park Northumberland, NE42 GNP Eng- Rd., Itaska, 11. Contact Photo Show, land. Call 081-689-2784. Box 761, Grayslake, IL 60030. Call May 17 (NJ) 708-223-5 190. IMAGE SHOWS, Historical Photos & April 28 (co) Images, No Cameras. Firemans Hall, Denver Colorado 6th Photorama Parish Dr., Wayne, NJ. Contact Diane I USA, Holiday Inn, 15500 E. 40th 1 201-523-6696 or Tom 201-838-4301. Ave., Denver, CO. Contact Photora- May 17 (IL) GfNED: STATUE OF LIBERTY ma USA, 20219 Mack Ave., Grosse Chicagoland's Camera & Photo oriainal stereo views of statue Pointe Woods, MI 48236. Call 313- Show. (See April 26.) in picces display& at Phila. 884-2243. May 17 (MD) Fxposi.ticn, in Madison Square May 3 (Ont., Canada) Baltimore, MD Show & Sale, Chesa- NSA CANADIAN REGIONAL MEET- Park FI,WC, Bedlms Island and peake Antiquarian Photographic Paris. CONTACT: Peter B. ING, 1:30 pm, 7 Scott Ave., St. Society, Quality Inn, 1015 York Rd., George, Ontario. Stan White will Towson, MD. Contact A.P. Ben Kaplan 7 East 20th St. NY NY demonstrate 3-D techniques. Con- Miller, 1335 Valley Brook Rd., Balti- 1W3 Tel: (212) 995-Ed00 tact Martin Bass, 416-472-1773. more, MD 21229. Call 410-744-7581. FAX: (212) 995-5698 Purchase or usage rj.ghttsfor bod< project..

40 STEREO WOR1.D JanuaryIFebruary 1992 1 3-0 Enthusiasts From 23 States Are Raving About HASSLE-FREE 3-D New REA DY-TO-VIEWT~Stereo Print Pairs WITH THE TECO-NIMSLO CAMERA AND 3-VIEWER

Use the lightweight auto-exposure Your 35mm Color Film Can NOW Be Turned Into camera to make: Beautifir1 READY- TO- VIEW.. Stereo Print Pairs 36 Slide pairs J By Grand Photo Close-ups at 3 distances Lenticular Prints Use the Universal viewer to display: Be(turifirl Matclzing Pairs Prirrted Or1 One 3 1/2"x 6 1/4" Slzeet Realist rollfilm (Nimslo = 5" x 6 1/4" Slteet) I NimslolNishika rolls No Need For Reprints Due To Lost Views Mounted slide pairs No Need To Sperid Tinre Lining Up Prints Vertically And Horizontally PRICES: Mounting Is Optional - Irl LRss 7?latt 10 Minutes Witli Q- W Mounts New camera ...... $145 So Ea.sy Yoit Will Wrrnt To Slloot More Prints Than Ever &fore Your Nimslo modified ...... $63 Covered By Our Money Back - We Make It Right - Guarantee Close-up attachments 6", 12", 30" dist's (ea) ...... $29 Illuminated cutter ...... $1 8 Order Today by sending your color rolls & reprints of 35mfilm Eveready case ...... $1 2 (Rectlist,Kodak, Resere, Wollertsak,all 51, Formats) or Nintslo to: Janet McCoy, Teco 3-Viewer ...... $87 Grand Phoro, 16131 Grand Ave, St. Paul, MN 55105. Add $3 shipping per order. Enclose $1.25 per anticipated number of views, plus $2 per roll for Calif. residents add 73/4% sales tax. handling. O~\rrpr~pentscredited crgairt.st3~tureorders. Credit Cards welconle. MFD. BY: We will return an order form ard mailer with your beautiful prints TECHNICAL ENTERPRISES crnd undamaged rregatives. Or call us at 61 2-644-4452 for a free sarn~lekit, 1401 Bonnie Doone to get more information, and on how to order Q- W's. Corona Del Mar, CA 92625 Tel. 714-644-9500

\ THIRD ANNUAL SPRING Boston Antique IMAGE SHOWS Photo Show "The #I Antique Photo Image May 17,1992 Show in the NE" 50 tables of stereoviews, CDV's, August 30,1992 Daguerreotypes, photographs. etc. November 29,1992 Firemans Hall, Parish Drive, Wayne, N.J. Show Hours: 9 am ti1 2 pm These shows will feature up to eighty five tables of Daguerreotypes, Ambrotypes, nntypes, Gravures, Stereo Views, Cases, Albumens, Photo 10 AM - 5 PM Albums, Chromes, Platinums, Photo Postcards, View-Master,Glass Negatives, Public Admission $5 Glass Positives, Magic Lanterns 6.Magic Lantern Slides, Antique S Contempo- rary Images, Photographic Books, Old Prints and other assorted Photographica. Westford Regency Hotel 1-495 exit 32 Historical Photos & Images - No Cameras Westford. MA If you would like to receive notification through the mail about Preview Admission 8:30 AM $20 these Historical Photo & Image Shows as well as others that are DC Show: 5 April. 1992 & being planned for Westchester County Manhattan or ou need Managed by Russell Norton information about table arrangements, please cai 1: PO Box 1070 New Haven. CT 06504 Diane at (201) 523-6696 or Tom at (201) 838-4301 (203) 562-7800 1

STEREO WORLD JanuaryIFebruary1992 Burlesque and vaudeville star Venie Atherton, like her now equally obscure sister Alice Atherton, was stereographed by Jeremiah Gurney in the early 1870s. For more on the complex research involved in identifying these stereo portraits, see Norman Patterson's "Profiles From Oblivion: The Atherton 'Mystery'" on page 16.