Printed by Goupil & Co. Paris PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD From the Miniature in possession of Lady Currie. Prince Charles Edward Stuart THE YOUNG CHEVALIER BY ANDREW LANG AUTHOR OF “THE MYSTERY OF MARY STUART’’ ETC. NEW EDITION LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY 1903 All rights reserved First published by Messrs. GOUPIL. & CO. in August 1900, with numerous Illustrations. New Edition March 1903. TO ELSPETH ANGELA CAMPBELL Tha bradan tarra-gheal ‘s a choire gharblaich, Tha tigh ‘n o’n fharige bu ghailbeach tonn, Le luinneis mheamnach a’ ceapadh mheanbhchuileag, Gu neo-chearbach le cham-ghoh crom. 1 1 From “Choire-Cheathaich” by Donnachadh Ban. Out of the ocean comes the salmon, Steering with crooked nose he tries, Hither he darts where the waves are boiling, But he springs at the glistening of flies! PREFACE THE following Life of Prince Charles is longer than other biographies prepared for the same series. The Author’s excuse must be that in this book, for the first time, by the gracious permission of her late Majesty, Queen Victoria, it has been possible to use the whole Correspondence (1720-1786) and other MSS. of the exiled House of Stuart, now at Windsor Castle. Some of the Cumberland MSS., too, were consulted. The State Papers in the Record Office have also been used. I have to thank the Marquis d’Éguilles for procuring a transcript of the ‘Mémoires’ of his ancestor, who represented the French Government in the Prince’s camp (1745-1746). M. d’Éguilles also drew my attention to a tract on the mission of his ancestor, by M. Lefèvre-Portalis, a most valuable essay based on French State Papers. Some transcripts from these Papers were made for me in Paris. These are the chief sources in manuscript, though various private collections of contemporary letters have been perused. Other documents I have read, for example, in a collection of printed family papers by the Duke of Atholl, which his Grace kindly permitted me to study for my book ‘The Companions of Pickle.’ The ‘Memorials of Murray of Broughton’ (edited by Mr. Fitzroy Bell for the Scottish History Society), and ‘The Lyon in Mourning,’ printed for the same Society, have been most serviceable. To Mr. Blaikie’s admirable ‘Itinerary of Prince Charles,’ published by the same Society, I am especially indebted. Other useful papers are given in the last edition of the ‘Histoire de Charles-Edouard’ (1845-1846), by M. Amédée Pichot. To Mr. D. Stewart I owe permission to read a curious Manuscript Diary of 1745-1746, by a Professor in the University of Edinburgh. The learned Professor, however, rather heard of, than looked on, events of importance. In contemporary printed books, I have read, I think, most that has been published; the names of the works are cited in the course of the narrative. Considerable study of the pamphlets of the period was rewarded by little of value. These tracts are usually ignorant, or mendacious, or satirical. The ‘Scots Magazine,’ which summarised the newspapers, and was conducted with laudable impartiality, has been of service. After the illustrated edition of this book had been printed, I became aware, through the kindness of Mr. F. H. B. Daniell, that certain bundles of undated Stuart Papers had escaped my notice at Windsor Castle. Some of them deal with the Prince’s obscure years, between 1749 and 1752. These letters do not add much to what is here stated in Chapter V., and with more detail in ‘Pickle the Spy.’ One note signed ‘T.’ (Madame de Talmond) and undated, introduces Mademoiselle Luci, and accounts for that cypher-name. The writer speaks of a Madame de Morslains, or Monstains, who seems to have been one of Charles’s Parisian friends. She is now married again, and is Madame de Luci. In writing to her the Prince may address her ‘chez une femme qui fait mes commissions . cette femme se nome Mdlle La Marre.’ Cette femme is clearly Mademoiselle Ferrand des Marres, the friend of Madame de Vassé, and to her, as a cypher-name, is transferred that of ‘Luci.’ Her address, as given by T., is chez M. Lecuyer, Tapissier, Grande Rue Garonne, Faubourg Saint-Germain. To this address Charles wrote to Mademoiselle Luci, on October 20, 1750 (‘Pickle,’ P. 113). He had noted the address of Mademoiselle Ferrand as early as March 1749: the confusion between Ferrand, La Marre, and Des Marres is puzzling, but these names all appear to refer to the lady who is generally styled ‘Mademoiselle Luci.’ I think that the undated note is of March 1749. Goring calls her ‘Mademoiselle Lucy.’ The following letter of Goring’s to Charles is in the undated parcel, and may be of 1750: Goring to Charles. [UNDATED.] Sr. I find by ye Ladies here and what they hear from L. S-dw--h (Sandwich) that Monsr de Ville has a great mind to see you and by all appearance is in some impatience for it. I was told yesterday by Madlle Lucy that a foreign Minister named the place you are in actually, in a publick assembly, after which you are best judge if you should continue there or remove. You are offer’d by ye Ladies the chateau you know of, which by the description is a lonely solitary place, if you think it safe to make the journey: for if it should ever become publick where you are, or if it were suspected, it would be almost impossible to remove and at the same time dangerous to stay. Lally has entertained Ld Bath and by indirect discourse and grimace gives to understand he knows where you are, and that he has great share in all your proceedings, not to say more. He has not been at Rome but made a private journey to ye End that people might think he went to meet you in secret. The Ladies by way of discourse asked me if you was in want of money, upon which I replied I was not enough acquainted with your affairs to know how that matter was, but I did not believe you were in distress, they told me that when you were with them they had often a mind to speak to you on that subject, but were affraid you would take it ill, to whom they sayd they could speak with more liberty, to propose it to you, I told them it was an affair too delicate for me to medle in without your orders, I thought however it was my duty to acquaint you with the generous sentiments and ye noble friendship of the two Heroines for such they are. P.S.—If I dare be so bold I would beg my respects to ye Goddess of ye residence. (Perhaps Madame de Talmond.) It is probable enough that the two heroines (Madame de Vassé and Mademoiselle Ferrand) did lend money to Charles. Another bitter letter of Goring’s is concerned with his refusal to take part in conducting Miss Walkinshaw to the Prince, whose conduct he severely criticises. ‘I will not act a low part in your pleasures. My desire of not living with you, when accompanied by my utter dishonour, is not what you can in justice condemn.’ Many Jacobite papers, I learn through Monsieur Kerallain, are preserved in the archives of the town of Quimper; they are the documents of Warren, who carried the Prince to France in 1746. Information has been kindly given by the Duchesse d’Albe et de Berwick, by Lord Braye, and by the Baron Tanneguy de Wogan; while Mr. Harold Tinson has obliged me by carefully reading and correcting the proof sheets of the first edition.1 Finally, I have to express my vast debt of gratitude to Miss Violet Simpson, who aided me in making researches and transcripts at Windsor Castle, at the Record Office, and at the British Museum; and my thanks to the Duc de la Tremoïlle, who presented me with the printed Jacobite correspondence of the Walsh family, and to Mr. Hussey Walsh, who kindly sent me a transcript of the cypher key to that correspondence, found at Windsor Castle by Mr. F. H. B. Daniell. ANDREW LANG. 1 Messrs. Goupil & Co. 1900. CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE THE PRINCE BEFORE 1745 ......................... 1 FROM MOIDART TO PRESTONPANS ............................ 86 FROM PRESTONPANS TO CULLODEN ......................... 172 IN THE HEATHER .............................................................. 285 HOPE AND DESPAIR (1746-1766).. ............ 320 CHARLES III ........................................................................ 403 INDEX .................................................................................. 453 Contents THE PRINCE BEFORE 1745 .............................................................................................. 11 FROM MOIDART TO PRESTONPANS .......................................................................... 66 FROM PRESTONPANS TO CULLODEN ....................................................................... 121 IN THE HEATHER ......................................................................................................... 193 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................... 300 PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD CHAPTER I THE PRINCE BEFORE 1745 A wonderful star broke forth, New-born, in the skies of the North, To shine on an Old Year’s Night. And a bud on the dear White Rose Flowered, in the season of snows, To bloom for an hour’s delight. Lost is the Star from the night, And the Rose of an hour’s delight Went—where the roses go; But the fragrance and light from afar, Born of the Rose and the Star, Live through the years and the snow. THE eighteenth century, in its moments of self-consciousness, wrote itself down unromantic. It was the age of good sense, of moderation, of the estimably commonplace; not conversant, not anxious to be conversant, with great adventures. Looking back, we see it with other eyes as an age, like all ages that have been and shall be, not destitute of forlorn hopes, and desperate enterprises, and high devotions. Among all these enterprises, none was so gallant in defiance of time, and chance, and force as the adventure of Prince Charles Edward Stuart.