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Collection and Analysis of a Longitudinal Twitter Sentiment Dataset
The emojification of sentiment on social media: Collection and analysis of a longitudinal Twitter sentiment dataset Wenjie Yin, Rabab Alkhalifa, Arkaitz Zubiaga Queen Mary University of London, UK {w.yin,r.a.a.alkhalifa,a.zubiaga}@qmul.ac.uk Abstract Social media, as a means for computer-mediated communication, has been extensively used to study the sentiment expressed by users around events or topics. There is however a gap in the longitudinal study of how sentiment evolved in social media over the years. To fill this gap, we develop TM-Senti, a new large-scale, distantly su- pervised Twitter sentiment dataset with over 184 million tweets and covering a time period of over seven years. We describe and assess our methodology to put together a large-scale, emoticon- and emoji-based labelled sentiment analysis dataset, along with an analysis of the re- sulting dataset. Our analysis highlights interesting temporal changes, among others in the increasing use of emojis over emoticons. We pub- licly release the dataset for further research in tasks including sentiment analysis and text classification of tweets. The dataset can be fully rehy- drated including tweet metadata and without missing tweets thanks to the archive of tweets publicly available on the Internet Archive, which the dataset is based on. 1 Introduction Social media research (Ngai, Tao, & Moon, 2015) and sentiment analysis (Poria, Hazarika, Majumder, & Mihalcea, 2020) have gained popularity in the last decade, both separately and jointly. Sentiment analysis of social media content is a fertile research area in a wide variety of fields including natural language processing (Wilson, Wiebe, & Hoffmann, 2005), computa- tional social science (Vydiswaran et al., 2018), information science (Zimbra, Ghiassi, & Lee, 2016) and beyond. -
Transport and Map Symbols Range: 1F680–1F6FF
Transport and Map Symbols Range: 1F680–1F6FF This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See https://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-14.0/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 14.0. See https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 14.0. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, online at https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, #45, and #50, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See https://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and https://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. -
TIME SIGNATURES, TEMPO, BEAT and GORDONIAN SYLLABLES EXPLAINED
TIME SIGNATURES, TEMPO, BEAT and GORDONIAN SYLLABLES EXPLAINED TIME SIGNATURES Time Signatures are represented by a fraction. The top number tells the performer how many beats in each measure. This number can be any number from 1 to infinity. However, time signatures, for us, will rarely have a top number larger than 7. The bottom number can only be the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, et c. These numbers represent the note values of a whole note, half note, quarter note, eighth note, sixteenth note, thirty- second note, sixty-fourth note, one hundred twenty-eighth note, two hundred fifty-sixth note, five hundred twelfth note, et c. However, time signatures, for us, will only have a bottom numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, and possibly 32. Examples of Time Signatures: TEMPO Tempo is the speed at which the beats happen. The tempo can remain steady from the first beat to the last beat of a piece of music or it can speed up or slow down within a section, a phrase, or a measure of music. Performers need to watch the conductor for any changes in the tempo. Tempo is the Italian word for “time.” Below are terms that refer to the tempo and metronome settings for each term. BPM is short for Beats Per Minute. This number is what one would set the metronome. Please note that these numbers are generalities and should never be considered as strict ranges. Time Signatures, music genres, instrumentations, and a host of other considerations may make a tempo of Grave a little faster or slower than as listed below. -
Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 a Study for the Library of Congress
1 Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 A Study for the Library of Congress Part 1: New Scripts Jack Cain Senior Consultant Trylus Computing, Toronto 1 Purpose This assessment intends to study the issues and make recommendations on the possible expansion of the character set repertoire for bibliographic records in MARC21 format. 1.1 “Encoding Scheme” vs. “Repertoire” An encoding scheme contains codes by which characters are represented in computer memory. These codes are organized according to a certain methodology called an encoding scheme. The list of all characters so encoded is referred to as the “repertoire” of characters in the given encoding schemes. For example, ASCII is one encoding scheme, perhaps the one best known to the average non-technical person in North America. “A”, “B”, & “C” are three characters in the repertoire of this encoding scheme. These three characters are assigned encodings 41, 42 & 43 in ASCII (expressed here in hexadecimal). 1.2 MARC8 "MARC8" is the term commonly used to refer both to the encoding scheme and its repertoire as used in MARC records up to 1998. The ‘8’ refers to the fact that, unlike Unicode which is a multi-byte per character code set, the MARC8 encoding scheme is principally made up of multiple one byte tables in which each character is encoded using a single 8 bit byte. (It also includes the EACC set which actually uses fixed length 3 bytes per character.) (For details on MARC8 and its specifications see: http://www.loc.gov/marc/.) MARC8 was introduced around 1968 and was initially limited to essentially Latin script only. -
AN ABSTRACT of the THESIS of Cindy Blakeley for the Master of Arts
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Cindy Blakeley for the Master of Arts (name of student) (degree) in English presented on May 12, 1993 (major) (date) Title: John Donne's Alchemical Vision ~.~ Abstract Approved. From the earliest of times, many have pursued the goals of alchemy, a torm ot chemistry and speculative philosophy in which advocates attempted to discover an elixir ot lite and a method for converting base metals into gold. To the true alchemist, the "Great Work" was more than a science or a philosophy--it was a religion. The seventeenth-century poet, John Donne, though not a practicing alchemist, was himself interested in alchemy's religious connotations. In his poetry, he indicates his concern with man's spiritual transcendence which parallels the extraction of pure spiritual essences from any form ot base matter. In addition, the presumed sequence in which he writes his poems (precise dates of composition are, as yet, not established) reveals his growing fascination with the spiritual message suggested by alchemy. In "Loves Alchymie," likely written before Donne's marriage to Ann More, Donne is pessimistically questioning man's ability to transcend his base physical nature and, therefore, doubts the validity of spiritual alchemy. Then, during his love affair with and marriage to Ann More, he feels his new experiences with love and recently acquired understanding of love prove man is capable of obtaining spiritual purity. At this time, he writes "The Extasie," "The Good-Morrow," and "A Valediction Forbidding Mourning," employing basic alchemical imagery to support his notion that a union of body, soul, and spirit between man and woman is possible. -
How to Speak Emoji : a Guide to Decoding Digital Language Pdf, Epub, Ebook
HOW TO SPEAK EMOJI : A GUIDE TO DECODING DIGITAL LANGUAGE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK National Geographic Kids | 176 pages | 05 Apr 2018 | HarperCollins Publishers | 9780007965014 | English | London, United Kingdom How to Speak Emoji : A Guide to Decoding Digital Language PDF Book Secondary Col 2. Primary Col 1. Emojis are everywhere on your phone and computer — from winky faces to frowns, cats to footballs. They might combine a certain face with a particular arrow and the skull emoji, and it means something specific to them. Get Updates. Using a winking face emoji might mean nothing to us, but our new text partner interprets it as flirty. And yet, once he Parenting in the digital age is no walk in the park, but keep this in mind: children and teens have long used secret languages and symbols. However, not all users gave a favourable response to emojis. Black musicians, particularly many hip-hop artists, have contributed greatly to the evolution of language over time. A collection of poems weaving together astrology, motherhood, music, and literary history. Here begins the new dawn in the evolution the language of love: emoji. She starts planning how they will knock down the wall between them to spend more time together. Irrespective of one's political standpoint, one thing was beyond dispute: this was a landmark verdict, one that deserved to be reported and analysed with intelligence - and without bias. Though somewhat If a guy likes you, he's going to make sure that any opportunity he has to see you, he will. Here and Now Here are 10 emoticons guys use only when they really like you! So why do they do it? The iOS 6 software. -
Formal Specification— Z Notation— Syntax, Type and Semantics
Formal Specification— Z Notation| Syntax, Type and Semantics Consensus Working Draft 2.6 August 24, 2000 Developed by members of the Z Standards Panel BSI Panel IST/5/-/19/2 (Z Notation) ISO Panel JTC1/SC22/WG19 (Rapporteur Group for Z) Project number JTC1.22.45 Project editor: Ian Toyn [email protected] http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/~ian/zstan/ This is a Working Draft by the Z Standards Panel. It has evolved from Consensus Working Draft 2.5 of June 20, 2000 according to remarks received and discussed at Meeting 56 of the Z Panel. ISO/IEC 13568:2000(E) Contents Page Foreword . iv Introduction . v 1 Scope ....................................................... 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols and definitions . 3 5 Conformance . 14 6 Z characters . 18 7 Lexis........................................................ 24 8 Concrete syntax . 30 9 Characterisation rules . 38 10 Annotated syntax . 40 11 Prelude . 43 12 Syntactic transformation rules . 44 13 Type inference rules . 54 14 Semantic transformation rules . 66 15 Semantic relations . 71 Annex A (normative) Mark-ups . 79 Annex B (normative) Mathematical toolkit . 90 Annex C (normative) Organisation by concrete syntax production . 107 Annex D (informative) Tutorial . 153 Annex E (informative) Conventions for state-based descriptions . 166 Bibliography . 168 Index . 169 ii c ISO/IEC 2000|All rights reserved ISO/IEC 13568:2000(E) Figures 1 Phases of the definition . 15 B.1 Parent relation between sections of the mathematical toolkit . 90 D.1 Parse tree of birthday book example . 155 D.2 Annotated parse tree of part of axiomatic example . -
Administering Avaya Social Media Manager
Administering Avaya Social Media Manager Release 6.2.x July 2016 © 2012-2016, Avaya, Inc. IF YOU DO NOT WISH TO ACCEPT THESE TERMS OF USE, YOU All Rights Reserved. MUST NOT ACCESS OR USE THE HOSTED SERVICE OR AUTHORIZE ANYONE TO ACCESS OR USE THE HOSTED Notice SERVICE. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the Licenses information in this document is complete and accurate at the time of printing, Avaya assumes no liability for any errors. Avaya reserves THE SOFTWARE LICENSE TERMS AVAILABLE ON THE AVAYA the right to make changes and corrections to the information in this WEBSITE, HTTPS://SUPPORT.AVAYA.COM/LICENSEINFO, document without the obligation to notify any person or organization UNDER THE LINK “AVAYA SOFTWARE LICENSE TERMS (Avaya of such changes. Products)” OR SUCH SUCCESSOR SITE AS DESIGNATED BY AVAYA, ARE APPLICABLE TO ANYONE WHO DOWNLOADS, Documentation disclaimer USES AND/OR INSTALLS AVAYA SOFTWARE, PURCHASED “Documentation” means information published in varying mediums FROM AVAYA INC., ANY AVAYA AFFILIATE, OR AN AVAYA which may include product information, operating instructions and CHANNEL PARTNER (AS APPLICABLE) UNDER A COMMERCIAL performance specifications that are generally made available to users AGREEMENT WITH AVAYA OR AN AVAYA CHANNEL PARTNER. of products. Documentation does not include marketing materials. UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED TO BY AVAYA IN WRITING, Avaya shall not be responsible for any modifications, additions, or AVAYA DOES NOT EXTEND THIS LICENSE IF THE SOFTWARE deletions to the original published version of Documentation unless WAS OBTAINED FROM ANYONE OTHER THAN AVAYA, AN such modifications, additions, or deletions were performed by or on AVAYA AFFILIATE OR AN AVAYA CHANNEL PARTNER; AVAYA the express behalf of Avaya. -
Lapis Philosophorum")
Alchemical Symbols on Stećak Tombstones and their Meaning ("Lapis Philosophorum") Amer Dardağan, MA Go directly to the text of the paper Abstract Stećak is the official name for approximately 70,000 mysterious medieval tombstones scattered across Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the border areas of Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia. To understand the meaning of the many symbols of alchemy and theurgy on the stećak tombstones, a researcher of medieval religions must relate to a world in which spirituality and Hermetic philosophy play a central role. In order to grasp the phenomenology of stećci (plural of stećak) in their total complexity, the symbols should be interpreted through philosophy (Neoplatonism), theology (Cataphatic and Apophatic theology), and the practices of alchemy and theurgy. For example, one recurring motif is the appearance of an unexpected third component in alchemical work. The alchemical imagination constantly reminds us that opposing forces in nature have to unite to form a special relationship, which through their unification, the “mysterious third” (Alchemical "Egg," "Philosopher's Stone," "Tree of Life") occurs that transcends ordinary existence. Without this kind of basic knowledge of the principles and philosophy of Neoplatonism and Hermeticism, it is very difficult to understand the symbols found on the tombstones. In the past, most Medieval scholars believed the stečak symbols were only decorative motifs and completely overlooked the deeper philosophical and spiritual content that was part of the Bosnian religious tradition at that time. The main goal of this paper is to provide readers with deeper insights on stećci as one of the most mysterious phenomena of Medieval Europe, and to reveal their spiritual and intellectual relationship with the practice of alchemy through interpretation of inscribed symbols on these tombstones and their connection with Neoplatonic and Hermetic philosophy. -
Emoji Symbols: Background Data
Emoji Symbols: Background Data Emoji Symbols: Background Data Background data for Proposal for Encoding Emoji Symbols N3xxx Date: 2010-Apr-27 Authors: Markus Scherer, Mark Davis, Kat Momoi, Darick Tong (Google Inc.) Yasuo Kida, Peter Edberg (Apple Inc.) This document reflects proposed Emoji symbols data as shown in FDAM8 which includes the disposition of FPDAM8 ballot comments and changes agreed during the San José WG2 meeting 56. The carrier symbol images in this file point to images on other sites. The images are only for comparison and may change. See the chart legend for an explanation of the data presentation in this chart. In the HTML version of this document, each symbol row has an anchor to allow direct linking by appending #e-4B0 (for example) to this page's URL in the address bar. Internal Symbol Name & Annotations DoCoMo KDDI SoftBank Google ID Enclosed alphanumeric symbols #123 #818 'Sharp dial' シャープダイヤル #403 #old196 # # # e-82C ⃣ HASH KEY 「shiyaapudaiyaru」 U+FE82C U+EB84 U+0023 U+E6E0 U+E210 SJIS-F489 JIS-7B69 U+20E3 SJIS-F985 JIS-7B69 SJIS-F7B0 unified (Unicode 3.0) #325 #134 #402 #old217 0 四角数字0 0 e-837 ⃣ KEYCAP 0 U+E6EB U+FE837 U+E5AC U+0030 SJIS-F990 JIS-784B U+E225 U+20E3 SJIS-F7C9 JIS-784B SJIS-F7C5 unified (Unicode 3.0) #125 #180 #393 #old208 1 '1' 1 四角数字1 1 e-82E ⃣ KEYCAP 1 U+FE82E U+0031 U+E6E2 U+E522 U+E21C U+20E3 SJIS-F987 JIS-767D SJIS-F6FB JIS-767D SJIS-F7BC unified (Unicode 3.0) #126 #181 #394 #old209 '2' 2 四角数字2 e-82F KEYCAP 2 2 U+FE82F 2⃣ U+E6E3 U+E523 U+E21D U+0032 SJIS-F988 JIS-767E SJIS-F6FC JIS-767E SJIS-F7BD -
Campusroman Pro Presentation
MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro our Unicode Reference font UNi UC .otf code 7.0 .ttf € $ MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro • Supports everything Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, and Coptic, Lisu; • phonetics, combining diacritics, spacing modifiers, punctuation, editorial marks, tone letters, counting rod numerals; mathematical alphanumerics; • transliterated Armenian, Georgian, Glagolitic, Gothic, and Old Persian Cuneiform; • superscripts & subscripts, currency signs, letterlike symbols, number forms, enclosed alphanumerics, dingbats... contains ca. 5.000 characters, incl. 133 (!) completely new additions from Unicode v. 7.0 (July 2014), esp. for German dialectology UC 7.0 MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro UC NEW: LatinExtended-E: Letters for 7.0 German dialectology and Americanist orthographies MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro UC NEW: LatinExtended-D: Lithuanian 7.0 dialectology, middle Vietnamese,Ewe, Volapük, Celtic epigraphy, Americanist orthographies, etc. MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro UC NEW: Cyrillic Supplement: Orok, 7.0 Komi, Khanty letters MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro UC NEW: CyrillicExtended-B: Letters 7.0 for Old Cyrillic and Lithuanian dialectology MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro UC NEW: Supplemental Punctuation: 7.0 alternate, historic and reversed punctuation; double hyphen MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro UC NEW: Currency: Nordic Mark, 7.0 Manat, Ruble MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro UC NEW: Combining Diacritics Extended 7.0 + Combining Halfmarks: German dialectology; comb. halfmarks below MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro UC NEW: Combining Diacritics Supplement: 7.0 Superscript letters for German dialectology MacCampus® Fonts CampusRoman Pro • available now • single and multi-user licenses • embeddable • OpenType and TrueType • professionally designed • from a linguist for linguists • for scholars-philologists UC 7.0 • one weight (upright) only • Unicode 7.0 compliant MacCampus® Fonts A Lang. Font З ABC List www.maccampus.de www.maccampus.de/fonts/CampusRoman-Pro.htm © Sebastian Kempgen 2014. -
GE~/3 Programmer's Toolkit""
GE~/3 Programmer's Toolkit"" Release 3.1 Supplement [Q] DIGITAL RESEARCH ® GEM@/3 Programmer's ToolkifM Release 3.1 Supplement Copyright© 1989 Digital Research Inc. All rights reserved. GEM is a registered trademark and Desktop, Draw Plus, FlexOS, Programmer's Toolkit, and XlGEM are trademarks of Digital Research Inc. Turbo C and the Turbo Assembler are registered trademarks of Borland International, Inc. MetaWare and High C are trademarks of MetaWare Inc. Atari is a registered trademark of Atari Inc. Ventura Publisher is a registered trademark of Ventura Software, Inc. Xerox is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation. Bitstream and Fontware are registered trademarks of Bitstream, Inc. PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. Hewlett-Packard and LaserJet are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. IBM is a registered trademark and VGA and Personal System/2 are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Epson is a registered trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation. Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Mouse Systems and PC Mouse are trademarks of Mouse Systems Corporation. Summamouse, SummaSketch, and Summagraphics are trademarks of SummaGraphics Corp. Foreword This supplement updates the information contained in the documentation set of GEM® Programmer's Toolkit™. Recent changes to the toolkit software have both enhanced existing features and added new functionality. The GEM 3.1 Programmer's Toolkit Supplement describes the new install library utility (INSTLIB), new function calls added to the GEM programming libraries, and updates to the GEM Applications Environment Services (AES) and GEM Virtual Device Interface (VDl). In Chapters 1 and 2 of this supplement, there is information C)bout how to use the new install library utility to install the sources of the new GEM bind ings on your hard disk.