Department of Education Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) 6 Scientific Processes of Propagating Fruit-Bearing Trees Quarter 2: Week 4 Module

Robert C. Abrantes Writer

Joana P. Supetran Validator

Dr. Antonio C. Gagala and Dr. Jane May C. Valbuena Quality Assurance Team

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City (02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940

Code: Week 4 TLE6AG-0d-5

Through this Self-Learning Module (SLeM), you are expected to: 1. enumerate common ways to propagate trees and fruit-bearing trees using scientific process; 2. identify the appropriate and equipment in plant propagation and their uses; and 3. apply healthy and safety measures in propagating fruit-bearing trees.

Directions: Read and answer the following items below. Choose and write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It refers to an orchard that grows arabica, excelsa, liberica and robusta. A. citrus orchards C. fruit orchards B. coffee orchards D. nut orchards

2. It is an important environmental factor for plant photosynthesis. A. fertilizer B. soil C. sunlight D. water

3. This refers to the long standing average weather of an area. A. accessibility B. climate C. soil D. sunlight

4. This refers to any non-natural wooded area where trees are planted for the production of fruits, nuts or seeds. A. drainage B. forest C. irrigation D. orchard

5. This is a type of producing new plants using its different parts such as leaves, stem and roots. A. asexual B. homosexual C. mutation D. sexual

6. It is a garden used for cutting small branches including the unnecessary branches. A. hand fork B. shears C. D.

7. It is a propagating technique used by attaching a twig (scion) from one tree to the stem of a tree seedling (rootstock). A. cutting B. budding C. grafting D. marcotting

8. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing should also be observed in the garden or farm while working. A. yes C. maybe B. no D. none of the above

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9. It is a used for transporting heavy loads or seedlings. A. knife B. C. trowel D. wheelbarrow

10. It is a garden tool used for leveling and pulverizing the soil or for collecting leaves. A. B. C. D. wheelbarrow

Direction : Write WOW if the underlined word in the statement below is correct. Write NEY if it is NOT and give the correct word/s to make the statement correct. ______1. The Philippines is one of the top five exporters of bananas. ______2. Inorganic fertilizer is a substance added to the soil which is composed of decayed plants and animals as well as manure. ______3. Wear your Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when working in the garden or farm. ______4. Guimaras, Zambales, Cebu and Pangasinan are among the top rambutan-growing provinces in the Philippines. ______5. Soil testing will help you decide what trees are suitable for marketing. ______6. The Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) is a government institution responsible for developing scientific improvement for each plant specie in a locality and adjacent places. ______7. The calamondin is also known as the Philippine lime. ______8. Remove strong seedlings to avoid crowdedness. ______9. Do you know that propagating plants is expensive and an easy way to produce new plants from the parent plant? ______10. The world famous Geisha coffee variety was discovered in Panama and Ethiopia.

LESSONS 1 SCIENTIFIC PROCESS OF TREE AND and 2 FRUIT- BEARING PROPAGATION

PLANT PROPAGATION You have learned in your previous lesson that propagating plants is the cheapest and easiest way to reproduce new plants from the parent plant. It is also an art of producing new plants. There are two common (2) ways of propagating or reproducing plants namely sexual propagation uses the seed of a plant to produce new plant. asexual propagation involves taking a part of one parent plant and causing it to reproduce itself into a new plant. Asexual propagation includes marcotting, budding and grafting. Through these methods you can produce different varieties of plants in your backyard

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or in your farm that you can plant. This is also a good source of income and a fun way to spend time. So, it is good to know that planting will give you lots of benefits aside from giving us food, fresh air and habitat for other animals. Many people now are producing varieties of plants using these methods.

Marcotting Marcotting is a method that allows rooting of a part of the stem while still attached to the parent tree.

Demon stration: Cypress and Calamansi Trees Tools and Materials:  grafting knife/cutter  cellophane  tie  sphagnum moss/coconut husk

 small-working attire  water  PPE (apron, gloves, face mask, eyeglass boots Safety Precaution Procedure

1. Wear your Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 2. Prepare all tools and materials needed. 3. Use tools according to its use. 4. Soak the sphagnum moss/ coconut husk in a basin of water. 5. Use the tie to measure the circumference of the stem. The length from the measured circumference is now the basis of cut to be made. 6. Make a horizontal cut using the cutter. And then perform the rounded cut from the top to bottom in both ends of the first cut. 7. Carefully removed the bark with your hands. 8. Using the knife/cutter, scrape the cambium layer. This is the slimy secretion responsible for repairing the wounded plant parts. 9. Place the sphagnum moss/coconut husk to the scraped area then wrap it with cellophane or and tie both ends.

Grafting

Grafting is a propagating technique simply defined as attaching a twig (scion) from one tree to the stem of a tree seedling (rootstock). The lower part of the graft is known as the understock or stock, which becomes the root system or part of the trunk. The upper part of the graft is known as the scion and becomes the top of the plant.

There are several kinds of grafting; which method to use depends on the age and type of plants involved. Demonstration : Mango and Apple Trees.

Tools and Materials:  grafting knife/cutter stock  pruning shears cellophane  scion (a twig or mature stem) PPE  Wax

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Safety Precaution Procedure

1. Wear your Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 2. Prepare all tools and materials needed. 3. Clean the rootstock. Create a split about 6 inches down. Leave a wedge or other similar tools to hold open the cleft center. 4. Make long tapering wedge on the base of each scion to fit into the cleft. 5. Insert the scions deeply so that their wedge bottoms are completely embedded. One scion should be on each side of the cleft. The cambia of the scions and rootstock must be aligned and in maximum contact to

ensure union. 6. Once the scions are properly inserted and aligned, carefully removed the wedge holding the cleft open. Seal the unions with wax or soil to prevent drying. 7. If the scions survive, only the stronger, healthier one is kept and the other is removed.

Budding Budding or bud grafting is the union of one bud, with or without a small piece of bark, from one plant (scion) into a stem of a rootstock. It is especially useful when scion material is limited.

Demonstration: Pomelo and Calamansi Trees

Tools and Materials:  grafting knife/cutter  cellophane  PPE

Safety Precaution Procedure

1. Wear your Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) before working. 2. Prepare all tools and materials needed.

3. Remove the lateral bud from the scion using the cutter. 4. Make an inverted T slice on the bark of another plant. Insert the bud, and then tie it firmly but leave the bud exposed. 5. Immediate and quick process of budding should be done because buds easily dry up. 6. Union may take about take 15 days or more. The inserted bud will remain green or brownish depending on its natural color. You will know if the union is unsuccessful if the buds turn black and rots.

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Directions: Arrange the following steps below sequentially by writing numbers 1-5. Use a separate paper for your answers.

STEPS IN MARCOTTING

_____ Place the sphagnum moss/coconut husk to the scraped area then wrap it with cellophane or plastic and tie both ends. _____ To get the length of the horizontal cut measure its circumference using tie. _____ Prepare all tools and materials needed. Soak the sphagnum moss/coconut husk in a basin of water. _____ Carefully removed the bark with your hands. Using the cutter, scrape the cambium layer. _____ Perform the rounded cut from the top to bottom in both ends of the first cut.

STEPS IN GRAFTING

_____ Make long tapering wedge on the base of each scion to fit into the cleft. _____ Seal the unions with wax or soil to prevent drying. _____ Prepare all tools and materials needed. _____ Insert the scions deeply in the rootstock. _____ Clean the rootstock. Create a split about 6 inches down. Leave a wedge or other similar tools to hold open the cleft center.

STEPS IN T-BUDDING

_____ Remove the lateral bud from the scion using the cutter. _____ Tie it firmly but leave the bud exposed. _____ Make a T slice or cut on the bark of another plant. _____ Carefully insert the bud in the T slice or cut of another plant. _____ Prepare all tools and materials needed.

LESSON 3 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN PLANT PROPAGATION AND ITS USES

Using appropriate tools and equipment in planting will surely make the work easy. In this lesson, it is very important to know the suitable tools and equipment to use. As a plant grower, it is very necessary that you have these tools and equipment when doing the plant propagation for some reasons like: it makes work easy, protect plants from too much damage, reduce mortality rate and achieve good results.

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 Pruning shears - it is used for cutting small branches including the unnecessary branches.  Knife - it is used for cutting and slicing planting materials.  Sprinkler - it is used to water the seedlings.  Eyeglasses - it is used to protect the eyes.  Hand fork - it is used for cultivating the soil.  Garden scissor - it is used for cutting grass and shaping the plant or shrub.  Wheelbarrow - it is used for transporting heavy loads or seedlings.  Gloves - it is used to protect the hands while working.  Hoe - it is used for cultivating hard soil and removing grasses.  Apron - it is used to keep the clothes clean while doing dirty works.  Hand trowel - it is used for loosening the soil around the plant and for applying organic fertilizer.  Rake - it is used for leveling and pulverizing the soil, or for collecting leaves.  Shovel - it is used for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials, such as soil, coal, gravel and sand.  Boots/ Rubber shoe - it is used to protect the feet from mud, snake bites and sharp objects.

LESSON 4 HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES IN PLANT PROPAGATION

Secure to wear the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Make sure to wear hairnet, gloves, apron, protective eyeglasses and face mask before working. Always make sure equipment are in good working condition before using it and follow instructions for its proper use. Focus in the work at hand. It is important to concentrate in working to effectively and efficiently finish the work.

Enjoy your work and know your limits. Working is really fun and working with others is more fun. Try also to understand that you are in a continuous process of learning new things and techniques. If ever you will encounter new challenges in your work, you can ask professional help from others around you who really knows what to do. (Due to COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing should also be observed while working.) Try to make good plans of your desired work. In achieving the right goal in working, planning is very much necessary. Planning makes work effortless, reduce cost and self-fulfilling.

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You should always remember to clean up before, during and after working. Tools and equipment should also be kept in its proper place.

Direction: Encircle ten (10) names of the tools and equipment you see inside the box. Write your answer in a separate paper.

T R O W E L W S H K A B Q H O D Q H A C D L K E X S J O N D G E Q E F F T V D F F R I L G M H E F F K R F B N M V L O V S H E A R S G M R N C A P R O N Z G K M I S P R I N K L E R S R T O U U E O Q A S R R W X Q Y V W K O I X Q V V Q E K E R U B B E R S H O E

In these lessons, you have learned that propagating plants is the cheapest and easiest way to reproduce new plants from the parent plant. It is also an art of producing new plants. There are two (2) common ways of propagating or reproducing plants namely sexual propagation which uses the seed and asexual propagation which involves taking the vegetative parts such as stem, leaves and roots of one parent plant to reproduce itself into a new plant. Common asexual propagation includes budding, grafting and marcotting.

As a plant grower, it is also very important to know the suitable tools and equipment to use in planting to surely make the work easy. Some of the garden tools include prunning shears, shovel, rake, sprinkler, wheelbarrow, apron, and trowel. While working in the garden or in the farm, it is also necessary to consider basic health and safety measures to avoid accidents. Working in the garden or in the farm brings so much fun.

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Share what you have learned by completing the sentences below.

I learned ______. I realized that ______. I will use what I have learned ______.

Directions : Read and answer the following items below by choosing the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a garden tool used to water the seedlings. A. apron B. scissor C. sprinkler D. trowel 2. It is a garden tool used for transporting heavy loads or seedlings. A. knife B. pruning shears C. trowel D. wheelbarrow 3. It is the lower part or the root system of the graft or seedlings. A. cambium layer B. scion C. stock D. xylem 4. It is a garden tool used for cutting small branches including the unnecessary branches. A. knife B. pruning shears C. trowel D. wheelbarrow 5. It is the upper part or the bud system of the graft or seedlings. A. cambium layer B. scion C. stock D. xylem 6. The acronym PPE means ______. A. Personal Proper Equipment C. Personal Protective Equipment B. Performance Protection Entity D. Plan Protection Equipment 7. This is a type of producing new plants using its different parts such as leaves, stem and roots. A. asexual B. homosexual C. mutation D. sexual 8. It is a propagating technique used by attaching a twig (scion) from one tree to the stem of a tree seedling (rootstock). A. cutting B. budding C. grafting D. marcotting 9. This is a type of producing new plants using seeds. A. asexual B. homosexual C. mutation D. sexual 10. It refers to a substance added to the soil to improve the plant growth and development. A. drainage B. fertilizer C. pesticide D. wax ------

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References Book Arsenue, Ruth A.,et.al., (2016) Life Skills through TLE Grade 6. Vibal Group Inc. pp.68-73.

Writings Abrantes, Robert C. (2017) Personal Collections of Writings and Articles. Unpublished.

Internet www.google.com www.wikipedia.com

Key To Correction Pretest Looking Back Puzzle Posttest 1. B 1. WOW 1. shears 1. C 2. C 2. NGE - organic fertilizer 3. knife 2. D 3. B 3. WOW 3. sprinkler 3 C 4. D 4. NGE - mango 4. scissor 4. B 5. A 5. NGE - planting 5. trowel 5. B 6. B 6. WOW 6. handfork 6. C 7. C 7. WOW 7. wheelbarrow 7. A 8. A 8. NGE -weak 8. rake 8. C 9. D 9. NGE - cheap 9. hoe 9. D 10. B 10. WOW 10. gloves 10. B 11. apron 12. shovel 13. rubber shoe

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