DOCSLIB.ORG

P. Mulambya-Kabonde SN 205512387 Phd Final Print Copy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
P. Mulambya-Kabonde SN 205512387 Phd Final Print Copy ORDINATION OF WOMEN: PARTNERSHIP, PRAXIS AND EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF ZAMBIA by PEGGY MULAMBYA-KABONDE 205512387 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY i n the Subject of GENDER AND RELIGION at the SCHOOL OF RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY AND CLASSICS in the COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU- NATAL (Pietermaritzburg Campus) SUPERVISOR PROFESSOR ISABEL APAWO PHIRI CO-SUPERVISOR DR. JULIUS GATHOGO MARCH 2014 DECLARATION As required by University regulations, I hereby state unambiguously that this work has not been presented at any other University or any other institution of higher learning other than the University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Pietermaritzburg Campus) and that unless specifically indicated to the contrary within the text it is my original work. ------------------------------------------------------- PEGGY MULAMBYA-KABONDE 21 March 2014 As candidate supervisor I hereby approve this thesis for submission ------------------------------------------------------- PROF. ISABEL APAWO PHIRI 21 March 2014 As candidate co-supervisor I hereby approve this thesis for submission ------------------------------------------------------- DR. JULIUS GATHOGO 21 March 2014 ii CERTIFICATION We the undersigned declare that we have abided by the College of Humanities, University of KwaZulu-Natal’s policy on language editing. We also declare that earlier forms of the dissertation have been retained should they be required. ------------------------------------------------------- GARY STUART DAVID LEONARD 21 March 2014 ------------------------------------------------------- PEGGY MULAMBYA-KABONDE 21 March 2014 iii DEDICATION I dedicate this doctoral thesis to my mother, Mrs. Vickie Nyimbili- Mulambya and mother-in-law, Mrs. Mable Kapema-Kabonde, both of whom are now late, for being resilient and a source of constant inspiration in my life. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is with a deep sense of gratitude and appreciation that I acknowledge the support and guidance that I received from a cross-section of people while working on this doctoral thesis. In a special way, I acknowledge the invaluable academic guidance and supervision I received from Professor Isabel Apawo Phiri as my academic supervisor and mentor, and the valuable assistance I had from my co-supervisor, Dr. Julius Gathogo. Together, they constantly provided me with critical scholarly guidance and advice that enabled me to retain focus throughout my research journey, culminating in this final work. Very close also were members of the PhD. Doctoral Seminar cohort in the School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Interacting with students, lecturers and invited guest-speakers in the doctoral seminars provided me with a vibrant intellectual community that invaluably contributed to my intellectual and academic growth and development. My sincere gratitude also goes to the Postgraduate Office in the College of Humanities, Pietermaritzburg Campus as well as the International Student’s Office at the University of KwaZulu-Natal for all the administrative support I received during my period of study. A word of grateful thanks also to the Rev. Gary S. D. Leonard for his labour in language editing my work as well as providing the layout and desktop publishing. In a special way, let me recognise the United Church of Zambia for acceding to my requests for study leave to read for my PhD. I also acknowledge the World Council of Churches, the Church of Scotland and the University of KwaZulu-Natal for their financial support; my research participants, and the many others who helped me access information, oral or written. I am also highly indebted to those scholars whose work I consulted and used directly or indirectly. I take responsibility for any mistakes and misrepresentations that might have occurred in the process of using such information. v While available time and space does not allow me to mention the many others who equally played an important role in ensuring that I completed this thesis, I remain especially indebted to Dr. Nyambura J. Njoroge for her encouragement and inspiration. Last, but not least, I will also ever remain indebted to my sisters and brothers, as well as my husband and children you were an inspiration in my going out and coming in during the process of research and writing thesis. May the good Lord bless you all! vi DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this thesis, the following words and concepts have been defined in the following way: Affirmative Action: Refers to special measures aimed at creating a state of equality between females and males through the implementation of deliberate strategies aimed at elevating the status of the disadvantaged. In this thesis, this term has been used as a strategy not only to empower the ordained women but also other women in general in the UCZ to be equal partners with men in mission. (ZNGP 2000:V; Njoroge 2002:43). Culture: Refers to the whole complex of distinctive, spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional attributes that characterise a society or a social group. Culture in this thesis was used as one source that bleeds gender injustices as experienced by ordained women (Green 2011:199). Discrimination: Refers to the unequal treatment of persons based on sex, colour, race and religious beliefs. This study found that Ordained Women in some instances were denied to occupy certain influential positions both in church and society, as a result of their biological make up (ZNGP 2000:V). Feminist: Refers to any person fighting for the rights of women. An example in this thesis is drawn from a growing number of both women and men that are propagating on the gender equity of the dual way of perception. The study was mainly informed from a feminist discourse (hooks 2000; Oduyoye 2001). Gender: Refers to socially given attributes, roles, responsibilities, activities for women and men in a given society, at a given time and as member of that society. This study showed that the UCZ had imported these same gender roles from society which in turn had been transferred into the church (ZNGP 2000: V, Oakley 1972: 23). vii Gender Mainstreaming: Refers to those strategies that take into consideration the concerns and experiences of women and men in all spheres and of life, so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The study showed that as a result of not having clear polices on women and gender mainstreaming in all the operations of the UCZ, there has been no equity between female and male (DAWN 1995:4). Myths: Refers to commonly held beliefs, ideas, and explanations given by people to make sense of acts that are difficult to understand. Many of the statements used in our daily lives to reflect on issues not clear to us could usually be described as myths. The study showed that many Christians relied on the stories that have been told to them especially on the subordinate role of women. The story on women as being the source of evil backed by the biblical culture. See chapter four (ZNGP 2000:VII; Oduyoye 1995:19). Ordination / Holy Orders: Refers to the process by which a person is consecrated to the work of God and is thereby set apart for the administration of various religious rites. In this context, it was used to mean both women and men having the entitlement of ascending or being eligible to be ordained since Christ died for all and more importantly for the whole world that God loved. (UCZ Constitution 2004:20; Küng 1986:369). Patriarchy: Refers to male superiority reinforced by institutions that has to do with power and authority. The study on the experiences of ordained women revealed that the operations of the UCZ were deeply entrenched in the structures that have been sustained by males since the inception of the UCZ (Ruether 1983; Kabonde 2003). Sex: This is a biological term referring to people either being male or female. It is given at birth and is universal. In this study, sex has been used as not a determinant of someone’s ability to perform a given role as prescribed by society (Oakley 1972:18; McKissack 1992). Socialisation: This is a process through which a person learns all things that s/he needs to know in order to function as a member of a specific society. Socialisation in viii this study has been used due to the language used during the field research beginning with the seminary where teaching and preaching are all dominated with male language (ZNGP 2000:VII). Traditional Practices: These are human acts performed over-and-over again that eventually become part-and-parcel of daily life and by extension sub-sets of mainstream society. Traditional practices are very much part of the Christian life in Zambia especially when it comes to the ‘do’s and don’ts’ among women in the church e.g., kneeling down before speaking to men (ZNGP 2000:VII; Kanyoro 2002). ix ABSTRACT There exists a gender distortion in the United Church of Zambia (UCZ) concerning the participation of women in the ministry, mainly because of the biased patriarchal images about women and their role in church and society. To achieve the goal of women participation, the UCZ has to re-image their understanding of women from a historical bias to that of a fair, balanced, and historical inclusion of both genders. Consequently, this thesis called for the initiation of such a paradigm shift within the church. To achieve this, the UCZ Theological Seminary needed to realign its programmes and curricula in order to be more gender sensitive and thereby include more women scholars as partners in theological education. Such a theology of partnership between women and men was explored through the feminist discourse using ecclesiology and gender partnership theories. This study is located within the United Church of Zambia (UCZ). It set out to explore the unequal partnership between the ordained women and men in the United Church of Zambia from a gendered perspective.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gender, Religion and Hiv and Aids Prevention
    TTHHEEOOLLOOGGYY IINN TTHHEE HHIIVV AANNDD AAIIDDSS EERRAA SSEERRIIEESS M O D U L E 1 GENDER, RELIGION AND HIV AND AIDS PREVENTION BY ISABEL APAWO PHIRI SERIES EDITOR MUSA W. DUBE THE HIV AND AIDS CURRICULUM FOR TEE PROGRAMMES AND INSTITUTIONS IN AFRICA © 2007 World Council of Churches All rights reserved. No part of this handbook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Published by World Council of Churches, Ecumenical HIV and AIDS Initiative in Africa 150 route de Ferney P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 791 6321 Fax: +41 22 791 6122 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.wcc-coe.org/ COURSE DEVELOPMENT TEAM Module Author Prof. I. A. Phiri, University of KwaZulu Natal Technical Advisor G. S. Ntloedibe-Kuswani, University of Botswana Series Editor M. W. Dube, University of Botswana NOTE TO LEARNERS, READERS AND USERS The overall goal of this module is to contribute towards building an HIV and AIDS competent church and theological institutions. This module is part of a series of ten modules entitled, Theology in the HIV and AIDS Era which were developed for distance learners. The modules form part of The HIV and AIDS Curriculum for TEE Programmes and Institutions in Africa. The process of production began with an all Africa training of trainers’ workshop on mainstreaming HIV and AIDS in Theological Education by Extension (TEE), held in Limuru Kenya, July 1-7, 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth and Growth of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians in Malawi 1989-2011
    The birth and growth of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians in Malawi 1989-2011 Rachel NyaGondwe Fiedler1 Research Associate, Department of Church History and Polity, Faculty of Theology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa JW Hofmeyr Extraordinary Professor, Department of Church History and Polity, Faculty of Theology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Abstract Although two Continental Coordinators of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians (hereafter the Circle) are Malawians, the Malawi Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians had a slow start and has had limited growth. The Malawi Circle was started in 1990, a year after the official launch of the Africa-wide Circle in 1989. This article describes the contributions of the two Malawian Circle Continental Coordinators to the genesis and growth of the Malawi Circle and the contributions of the current Malawi Circle Coordinator. Since its inception, the Malawi Circle has been influenced either negatively or positively by various factors. This article indicates and evaluates some factors in terms of whether they have had a positive or negative impact on the development of the Circle. While the picture of the Malawi Circle shows a relatively dark past, there are opportunities through which the Malawi Circle can attain a brighter future. Introduction The Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians was established in 1989 in Accra, Ghana. Before that, in 1988, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, a Ghanaian, organised a group of African women theologians to form a planning group. These women met as an International Planning Committee (IPC) in Geneva, Switzerland. The Circle had several objectives, but the key aims were researching, writing and publishing on women’s issues in the realm of religion and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview on the Imperative of Diakonia for the Church Prof Isabel Apawo Phiri
    An Overview on the Imperative of Diakonia for the Church Prof Isabel Apawo Phiri1 Plenary presentation delivered at the 11th All Africa Conference of Churches Assembly Kigali, Rwanda, on 5th July 2018 1. Introduction Thank you very much for inviting me to be part of this very important All Africa Conference of Churches 11th Assembly with the theme ‘Respecting The Dignity and God’s Image in Every Human Being’ (Genesis 1:26-27). When I was invited by the general secretary of AACC, Rev Dr Karamaga, to give An Overview on the Imperative of Diakonia for the Church at this assembly, I was excited because at that time the World Council of Churches2 together with Action for The Churches Together (ACT) Alliance and Lutheran World Federation were in the final stages of writing a joint document entitled: Called To Transformative Action: Ecumenical Diakonia. Motivated by this work, my presentation this morning aims to make a contribution towards the assembly theme and the theme of this morning in five stages. First, I will argue that Diakonia is an imperative for the Church be it at a local, national, regional and global level. Second, I will demonstrate that as the World Council of Churches celebrate seventy years of existence, Diakonia has been one aspect of its 1 Isabel Apawo Phiri, PhD from the University of Cape Town, South Africa, is Deputy General Secretary responsible for Public Witness and Diakonia of the World Council of Churches. She is honorary professor in the School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Former Dean and Professor of African Theology and Feminist Theology in the School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Patriarchy, Christianity, and the African HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Rethinking Christian Marriage in Light of the Experiences of HIV Positive Women in Tanzania
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2011 Patriarchy, Christianity, and the African HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Rethinking Christian Marriage in Light of the Experiences of HIV Positive Women in Tanzania Melissa Danielle Browning Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Browning, Melissa Danielle, "Patriarchy, Christianity, and the African HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Rethinking Christian Marriage in Light of the Experiences of HIV Positive Women in Tanzania" (2011). Dissertations. 279. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/279 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2011 Melissa Danielle Browning LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO PATRIARCHY, CHRISTIANITY, AND THE AFRICAN HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC: RETHINKING CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE IN LIGHT OF THE EXPERIENCES OF HIV POSITIVE WOMEN IN TANZANIA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN THEOLOGY BY MELISSA D. BROWNING CHICAGO, IL MAY 2011 Copyright by Melissa D. Browning, 2011 All rights reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank the women and men who participated in this study. They not only showed a willingness to be part of the project, but also welcomed me as a member of their community.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Gender and Religion in Africa
    JOURNAL OF GENDER AND RELIGION IN AFRICA Publication Information Volume 17 No. 2 2011 ISSN: 1025-5648 Published semi-annually, in July and December, by: Centre for Constructive Theology Physical Address: C/o School of Religion and Theology University of KwaZulu-Natal Room 111C, First Floor, New Arts Building, Golf Road Campus Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 33-260-6106 / +27 (0) 33-260-6132 Fax: +27 (0) 33-260-5858 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] The Journal of Gender and Religion in Africa is a SAPSE Accredited Journal Editor Isabel Apawo Phiri, University of KwaZulu-Natal Co-editor Sarojini Nadar, University of KwaZulu-Natal Layout & Typesetting Lou Levine, Stylish Impressions Submission and Managing Editors Kennedy Owino and Chammah Kaunda Editorial Peer Review Team Prof. Anderson, Cheryl B. (Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary); Dr. Biccus, Imraan (University of KwaZulu- Natal); Dr. Buckenham, Karen (Pietermaritzburg); Dr. Dziva, Douglas (KwaZulu-Natal Council of Churches); Prof. Fredericks, Martha (University of Ulrich); Prof. Getui, Mary (Catholic University of Eastern Africa); Dr. Hewitt, Roderick (University of KwaZulu-Natal); Dr. Houston, Bill ( Honorary lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal); Prof. Landman, Christina (University of South Africa); Dr. Le Bruyns, Clint (University of KwaZulu-Natal); Dr. Maurtin-Cairncross, Anita (University of the Western Cape); Prof. Mbogmba, Elias (Rice University); Dr. Mtata, Kenneth (Lutheran World Federation); Dr. Msomi, Vivian (Pietermaritzburg); Dr. Mutambara, Maaraidzo Elizabeth (Africa University); Dr. Murove, Felix (University of KwaZulu-Natal); Prof. Mwaura, Philomena (Kenyatta University); Dr. Nel, Reggie (University of South Africa); Dr. Nzimande, Makhosazana K. (University of Zululand); Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Lll~~Lllllllllllllllllllllt Universiteit Vrystaat the CIRCLE of CONCERNED AFRICAN WOMEN Tiffiologians (1989-2007): HISTORY and THEOLOGY
    ""f"Q'-~.-- lJ.: .. j ';';' I - - ---_:...j umversn:y r-ree erare 1111111111111111111111 ~I~~1~1~~1~111~1~1!lll~~lllllllllllllllllllllt Universiteit Vrystaat THE CIRCLE OF CONCERNED AFRICAN WOMEN TIffiOLOGIANS (1989-2007): HISTORY AND THEOLOGY RACHEL NYAGONDWE FIEDLER Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR in the Faculty of Theology Department of Ecclesiology at the University of the Free State Promoter: ProfDr I.W. Hofmeyr Bloemfontein, May 2010 Declaration I hereby declare that this is my own work and that all sources used have been duly acknowledged. (Rachel NyaGondwe Fiedler) 5 SEP lUll 10 EK Acknowledgements It has been a longjourney to write this thesis, and I am thankful that I never had to do this journey alone. Firstly, I would like to sincerely thank my supervisor, Prof 1.W. (Hoffie) Hofmeyr, for his crucial guidance. His prompt reading of my drafts helped me to finalize the thesis in good time, and his thought provoking comments pushed me further in presenting my ideas and findings. Secondly, I thank Bishop Dr Kalilombe for his supervision in the earlier stages of my work. My desire to write a history of the Circle was prompted by Musimbi Kanyoro, the Continental Leader of the Circle then. I am grateful to her that she and Nyambura Njoroge managed to find a research grant from the World Council of Churches, that helped me in the collection of information. Without the inspiration of Prof Isabel Apawo Phiri I could never have decided to write on women's issues, and I am sincerely grateful for her encouragement in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Prof. Sarojini Nadar PERSONAL INFORMATION
    CURRICULUM VITAE Prof. Sarojini Nadar PERSONAL INFORMATION Date of Birth: 06 February, 1976 Place of Birth: Durban, South Africa Spouse: Poovan Nadar (Chemical Engineer: Shell and BP Refineries, South Africa, married 03 Sept. 1994) Children: Nathan Nadar (Born: 13 March, 1998); Ryan Nadar (Born: 21 July, 2004) ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS Ph.D, [Biblical Hermeneutics and Gender] 2003 University of Natal M.A.,Religious Studies [Biblical Hermeneutics and Gender] 2000 University of Cape Town Honours B. Soc. Sci., Biblical Hermeneutics 1997 University of Cape Town B.A., [Major in English Literature] 1996 University of Cape Town Matriculation with University Exemption 1993 Effingham Secondary School, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal PROFESSIONAL HISTORY Full Professor 2014 to Present Gender and Religion Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) Dean of Research: College of Humanities 2012 to 2013 College of Humanities, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) Associate Professor 2011 to 2013 Gender and Religion Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal Director: Gender and Religion Programme (formerly Gender, Religion & Ethics) 2005 to 2012 Academic Coordinator: Postgraduate Studies 2008 to 2011 School of Religion and Theology, University of KwaZulu-Natal Senior Lecturer 2008 to 2010 School of Religion and Theology, University of KwaZulu-Natal Senior Lecturer 2006 to 2008 Jointly in School of Religion and Theology and School of Philosophy and Ethics, (Unilever Centre of Ethics) University of KwaZulu-Natal International Coordinator 2002 to 2005 International Network in Advanced Theological Education (INATE), based at University of Natal Part-Time Lecturer in Biblical Studies (Old Testament) 2002 to 2005 School of Religion and Theology, University of Natal Part-time Lecturer and Graduate Assistant 2000 to 2001 School of Theology, University of Natal Tutor 1999 Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Town, Senior Tutor 1999 Department of Religious Studies, University of Cape Town Tutor 1997 to 1998 Department of Religious Studies, University of Cape Town Research Assistant to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Constructive Theology 14.2 / 15.1 [Full Print Edition]
    JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVE THEOLOGY Gender, Religion and Theology in Africa Journal of the Centre for Constructive Theology Centre for Constructive Theology C/o School of Religion and Theology University of KwaZulu-Natal Room 212, Second Floor, New Arts Building, Golf Road Campus Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 33-260-6106 / +27 (0) 33-260-6132 Fax: +27 (0) 33-260-5858 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Editor Isabel Apawo Phiri, University of KwaZulu-Natal Co-editor Sarojini Nadar, University of KwaZulu-Natal Copy & Language Editing / Layout & Typesetting Gary S. D. Leonard, University of KwaZulu-Natal Editorial Committee • Ezra Chitando, Faculty of Theology, University of Zimbabwe and theological consultant of Ecumenical HIV & AIDS Initiative in Africa • Philippe Denis, School of Religion and Theology, University of KwaZulu- Natal • D. Betty Govinden, School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal • Theresia Hinga, Religious Dept., De Paul University, USA • Madipoane Masenya (ngwan’a Mphahlele) Dept. of Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, University of South Africa • Tinyiko Sam Maluleke, University of South Africa • Frans Verstraelen, Faculty of Theology, Religious Studies and Classics, University of Zimbabwe International Representatives • Jose Miguez Bonino, Instituto Superior Evangelico, de Estudios Theologicos, Argentina • Lydia Johnson, Presbyterian School of Ministry, Knox College, Dunedin, New Zealand • Erhard Kamphausen, Missionsakademie, Germany • J. J. Ongong’a, Faculty of Arts, Kenyatta University, Kenya • Peter J. Paris, Princeton Theological Seminary, USA • Anthony Reddie, Queens Foundation, Edgbaston, UK • Dana Robert, School of Theology, Boston University, USA JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVE THEOLOGY Gender, Religion and Theology in Africa Publication Information Volume 14, No.
    [Show full text]
  • 13-Chapter 11.P65
    Transforming masculinities towards gender justice 11 Transforming masculinities towards gender justice in an era of HIV and AIDS Plotting the pathways Adriaan van Klinken INTRODUCTION In the context of the HIV and AIDS epidemic, men and masculinities have become contested. This is especially so in contexts where HIV is transmitted predominantly through heterosexual contact and men are criticised for spreading the virus and contributing to the impact of the epidemic on women’s lives. This has given rise to investigations of masculinities as these are said to inform male behaviour. The intersection of men, masculinities and HIV and AIDS is studied, among others, from the perspective of religion and theology. This chapter seeks to survey the literature on this particular intersection. It further investigates how issues of men and masculinities are addressed, analysed and reflected upon in the context of HIV and AIDS from the perspective of religion and theology. The chapter begins with an introduction to the concept of masculinity, briefly outlining how it has become central to the study of the HIV epidemic and how it is understood theoretically. In the following section the problematic aspects of masculinity in the context of HIV and AIDS are discussed, investigating in particular scholars’ consideration of the role of religion. The subsequent section outlines how scholars imagine a transformation of masculinities, including the helpfulness of religious resources and the theological view from which these are explored. The chapter concludes with a few evaluative reflections. But, before moving on to the first section, some introductory remarks have to be made on the body of literature to be discussed.
    [Show full text]