KVM for IBM z Systems
Steffen Thoss [email protected] z Systems Linux and Virtualization Product Manager Agenda
• IBM z Systems
• Linux on z Systems
• Value
• KVM for IBM z Systems
2 IBM z Systems - Mainframe $5B 350000 PY
April 7 - 1964
4 4 World’s leading businesses run on the mainframe 10 92 out of 10 of the of the top 100 world’s worldwide banks largest insurers
23 23 of the top 25 out of 25 of the US retailers world’s largest airlines
5 5 IBM z Systems family IBM z13 IBM zEC12 IBM zBC12
KVM for IBM z Systems Linux for z Systems z/VM
z/VSE z/TPF z/OS
6 . Machine Type – 2964
z13 Overview . 5 Models – N30, N63, N96, NC9 and NE1
z13 . Processor Units (PUs) – 39 (42 for NE1) PU cores per CPC drawer – Up to 24 SAPs per system, standard – 2 spares designated per system – Dependent on the H/W model - up to 30, 63, 96, 129,141 PU cores Custo Max – 85 LPARs, increased from 60 Mod mer Memo – Sub-capacity available for up to 30 CPs el PUs ry • 3 sub-capacity points
10 . Memory NE1 141 TB – RAIM Memory design – Up to 2.5 TB GB per drawer NC 10 – Up to 10 TB for System and up to 10 TB per LPAR (OS 129 dependent) 9 TB • LPAR support of the full memory enabled 7.5 • 96 GB Fixed HSA, standard N96 96 ─ Flash Express TB . I/O N63 63 5 TB – FICON Express16S – Up to 40 PCIe Gen3 Fanouts @ 16 GBps each and 2.5 Integrated Coupling Adapters @ 2 x 8 GBps per System N30 30 – 6 Logical Channel Subsystems (LCSSs) TB • 4 Sub-channel sets per LCSS
7 7 z13 – Front View
2 x 1U Support Elements Overhead Power Cables (optional)
PCIe I/O drawer number 5 Internal Batteries (optional) System Control Hubs (used to be BPHs) Power Supplies 4
CPC Drawers, PCIe 3 Fanouts, Cooling water manifold and pipes, PCIe I/O interconnect 2 cables, FSPs and ethernet cables Displays and keyboards for 1 Support Elements
PCIe I/O drawers numbers 1 to 4 N+2 Radiator Pumps
8 8 The Linux on z Systems story begun in 2000 15th anniversary in 2015
6000 6000
5000 5000 A Simple Idea that 4000 4000 Changed the World: 1695* 1514* +12% GHz Linux on z Systems 3000 +26% 3000 1202* GHz -9% +33% +6% GHz MHz/GHz 2000 902* +18% 2000 +50% The evolution of GHz +159% z Systems 1000 1000 technology 0 0 z9200000 z9200390 z92005ec z120080ec z1201096 zEC201212 zN2015ext every new server z900 z990 z9 EC z10 EC z196 zEC12 z13 - 189 nm SOI 130 nm SOI 90 nm SOI 65 nm SOI 45 nm SOI 32 nm SOI 22EC nm SOI generation adds 16 Cores 32 Cores 54 Cores 64 Cores 80 Cores 101 Cores 141 Cores Full 64-bit Superscalar System level High-freq core OOO core OOO and SMT &SIMD z/Architecture Modular SMP scaling 3-level cache eDRAM cache eDRAM capabilities and RAIM memory cache Up to 10TB of zBX integration improvements Memory capacity for Linux PCIe Flash Arch extensions for scaling
* MIPS Tables are NOT adequate for making comparisons of z Systems processors. Additional capacity planning required
9 SUSE and IBM
10 Linux on IBM z Systems in 2Q2015 Installed Linux MIPS at 45% CAGR*
. 26.7% of Total installed MIPS run Linux as of 2Q15 Installed Capacity Over Time
. Installed IFL MIPS increased by 16% YTY from 2Q14 to 2Q15
. 39% of System z Customers have IFL’s installed as of 2Q15 Capacity IFL
. 79 of the top 100 System z Installed Installed Customers are running Linux on
the mainframe as of 2Q15 ** YE04 YE05 YE06 YE07 YE08 YE09 YE10 YE11 YE12 YE13 YE14 YTD15
. 35% of all z Systems servers have IFLs . 67% of new FIE/FIC z Systems accounts run Linux
* Based on YE 2003 to YE 2014 **Top 100 is based on total installed MIPS
11 Linux on IBM z Systems - Test Platforms ibm.com/systems/z/os/linux/resources/testedplatforms.html
Note: This is updated on a regular base, please check web for latest status
12 Sicoob has realized substantial cost savings when it comes to energy use, to the tune of some $1.5 million a year
Sicoob is looking at an overall reduction in expenses of more than $12 million simply by consolidating many of its other Intel technology-based assets 310 physical servers have since been paired 202 IFLs run on Sicoob’s mainframes, down to 36 servers with those IFLs hosting around 500 z/VM virtualized servers running SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Source:
13 Easy Workload Integration
“…quickly and cost-effectively deploy innovative services on Linux, and integrate them easily with systems and data on z/OS.” - Daniele Cericola, ICT Governance Manager, Banca Carige
“… offers more reliability and performance, and better
Integrating applications and data integration with our backup, from silos allows to realize the full .” potential of your IT investment monitoring and ETL tools - Paulo Nassar, IT Processing and Storage Infrastructure Manager, Sicoob
Business Information Data Master Data Cognos® SPSS® Intelligence Integration Warehouse Management
Applications CICS® IMS™ WebSphere® Domino® MobileFirst FileNet® SAP
® ® BigInsights Databases DB2 z/OS DB2 Linux IMS DB Informix VSAM ™ MySQL Oracle zDoop
14 IBM z Systems Workload Management Enables mixing of high and low priority workloads without penalty
. Priority Workload − No throughput reduction − No response time increase . Low Priority Workload − Soaks up remaining processor minutes . 1.9% unused processor minutes
Leading x86 Hypervisor Too much . Priority Workload resource given − 31% throughput reduction to Low Priority workload − 45% response time increase High Priority . Low Priority Workload workload gets − Soaks up more CPU minutes less resource than needed . 21.9% unused CPU minutes
IBM CPO z Systems Analysts’ Briefing
15 IBM Software products - >1080 available
InfoSphere DevOps BigInsights
Data services: DB2 w/ BLU Accelerator, Cognos, SPSS, InfoSphere: BigInsights, Information Server, Data Replication, Master Data Management, Informix®, Oracle Database, … Business applications: WebSphere Application Server, WebSphere Process Server, WebSphere Commerce, Java, … SOA & Infrastructure services: WebSphere MQ, IBM Integration Bus, DB2 Connect™, … Mobile application hosting: MobileFirst Platform Foundation, WebSphere Portal, … Collaboration: Domino®, Connections, Sametime®, Quickr™, Forms, … Business Process Management: Business Process Manager, WebSphere Business Monitor, FileNet® Business Process Manager, WebSphere Operational Decision Management, … Enterprise Content and Asset Management: FileNet Content Manager, Content Manager, Content Manager On Demand, Maximo Development & test of WebSphere/Java applications – Rational®, UrbanCodeTM Deploy, XL C/C++ compiler Industry Solutions: Intelligent Operations Center for Smarter Cities®, Smarter Infrastructure for Social Services - Curam on z Systems, Enterprise Asset Management (Maximo®) for Government, … Cloud: Custom Patterns, Cloud Manager with OpenStack®, Infrastructure Suite for z/VM and Linux, Cloud Ready for Linux on z Systems, …
See IBM software portfolio for Linux on z Systems at IBM Software Product Availability tool 16 Open Source Ecosystem
ibm.com/developerworks/community/groups/community/lozopensource
. Recipes for building the software on Linux
. Pointers to binaries if available
. Source code repositories and build instructions maintained on GitHub: https://github.com/linux-on- ibm-z/docs/wiki/ Open to every one interested in Linux
17 IBM LinuxONE Systems
Exploit the industry’s most trusted, efficient and performant systems to take Linux to the next level
LinuxONE Emperor™ LinuxONE Rockhopper™ The ultimate flexibility, An entry point into the scalability, performance IBM LinuxONE and trust for business Systems critical Linux family, offering all the applications. With a same great huge capacity range capabilities, you can grow with innovation and virtually limitless scale value of IBM to handles the most LinuxONE with the demanding workloads flexibility 1 of a smaller package 8
18 Virtualization on z Systems IBM z Systems Virtualization Options
IBM z Systems now has three strategic virtualization platforms
• IBM z/VM KVM for IBM z provides an open source choice • IBM Processor for IBM z Systems virtualization for Linux workloads. Best for clients that are not familiar Resource/System with z/VM and are Linux centric admins. Manager (PR/SM) • KVM for IBM z Systems
z/Proprietary Server Virtualization that is completely integrated into the full stack. z/VM Complete hardware awareness. Supported on all IBM z Systems servers. z/VM will continue to be enhanced to support Linux Workloads.
Divide one physical server into up to 85 logical partitions (LPAR) running a mix of multiple z/OS, z/VM, Linux, KVM for IBM z, Transaction Processing Facility (TPF) and z/VSE instances isolated and secured in parallel. Share resources across LPARs or dedicated to a particular PR/SM LPAR. Running a mix of multiple z/OS, z/VM, Linux, TPF, KVM for IBM z and z/VSE instances isolated and secured in parallel.
20 z Systems platform virtualization
LPAR Logical Partition = subset of hardware resources, virtualized as a separate computer; up to 85 LPARs can be configured Linux Linux Linux IFL Integrated Facility for Linux = Guests Guests Guests z/OS Virtualized core; resources in LPARs up to 141 cores (IFLs) on z13 Virtual. Hypervisor providing efficiency at Mgmt. scale and virtualization management Virtualization Management Linux z/OS for easy administration, provisioning, LPAR LPAR LPAR LPAR LPAR LPAR automation Linux virtual Linux guests running I/O and Network Guest workloads such as mobile, analytics, ™ Physical IFLs databases, Java apps, etc. -- in a resources cloud; Memory up to thousands Linux guests can be hosted on a single z13
21 Kernel Based Virtual Machine (KVM)
. An open source hypervisor based on Virtual Virtual Linux Machine Machine
• Linux provides the base capabilities Linux Linux • KVM turns Linux into a hypervisor Applications Applications • QEMU provides I/O device emulation Linux Linux Guest OS Guest OS . Provides flexibility in technology choices Linux Applications • Open QEMU QEMU • Scalable KVM • Economical Linux
x86 / POWER® / z Systems / ARM
KVM for IBM z Systems Most KVM for IBM z Systems code is and will be upstream integrated • E.g. Kernel, QEMU, libvirt Open
22 Infrastructure / Hypervisor Management via CLIs • Tasks performed by Linux HostOS/Hypervisor Administrator to manage a system • Boot / Shutdown the Host operating system • Setup Security and Crypto support • Firewalls, SELinux, PAM config • Manage System Resources • load/unload Kernel modules and specify parameters • configure systemd • Hot Plug Memory and CPUs • automate system tasks • Manage Users and Groups • Configure Network • configure attached devices including bridging, bonding • focus on administering connectivity via libvirt between guest/host network • Configure Storage • format/partition devices, configure attached devices including multipathing • manage file systems, LVM, tape devices, .... • Enable FFDC/Problem Determination • Configure on panic behavior • Show / collect sosreport / logs / logrotate / dumps • Configure yum repositories to enable system updates • Performance Measurement and Diagnosis • Optionally manage client side of services like dns, dhcp, OpenLDAP, …
23 Hypervisor Performance Manager (HPM)
Manage CPU resources across virtual servers to achieve performance goals • Detect that a virtual server when a member of a Workload Resource Group is not achieving goals • Determine that the virtual server performance can be improved with additional resources • Project impact on all affected virtual servers of reallocating resources • If good trade-off based on policy, redistribute processor resources • Current support for CPU management, potential to extend to other resources
• Shipped as part of the KVM for IBM z with optional enablement • Single KVM for IBM z instance as management scope • HPM will have no knowledge outside of its KVM for IBM z instance • Controlled through RESTful Web Services APIs and CLI • Point of integration with higher-level virtualization management solutions • Support for scripting • Fully documented external interface • CLIs provide support for local administration
24 OpenStack Infrastructure Management
SD Infrastructure APIs • Services and Resources OpenStack API • Server, Storage and Network • Broad Ecosystem Forming
IBM differentiation SD Infrastructure Services provided via • Software Image Services extensions and value added services • Infrastructure Patterns • VM Placement Intelligence
Cinder Nova Neutron
drivers drivers drivers Vendor Led Scalable Model SVC ESX Hyper-V KVM • Drivers provided by the vendors Openflow • Broad Ecosystem Forming v7000 EMC PowerVM LXC SDN • Management standardization
Code enabling KVM for IBM z Systems is in the upstream code base since the OpenStack Kilo release OpenStack distribution vendors can add Storage Server Network support for KVM for IBM z based on that code http://docs.openstack.org/developer/nova/support- 25 matrix.html Nova OpenStack Enablement
Open • Continuous Upstream OpenStack enablement for KVM for IBM z starting with ‘Kilo’ driver • Allows OpenStack ISVs to add support for KVM for IBM z based on upstream code
IBM Cloud Manager (ICM)
• ICM 4.3 based on OpenStack Kilo release • ICM 4.3 FixPack in 9/2015 to support KVM for IBM z • KVM for IBM z: Compute Node support only • Nova libvirt driver • Neutron Agent for OpenVSwitch • Ceilometer support • Cinder Support • for SVC and SV7K • for XIV • for DS8K (FCP only)
26 Key ISV Status for KVM for IBM z Systems
SAP Oracle • SAP application servers for SAP on • Does not support KVM or DB2 for z/OS can run on Linux on VMware on any server platform KVM for IBM z Systems – Does ‘tolerate’ VMware – clients must recreate on native OS or work with – Only the SAP application servers that VMware for support run on Linux, or virtualized under zKVM – IBM strategy is to pursue similar or z/VM arrangement for KVM – Related SAP database backend is • Ultimate decision from Oracle will be driven ® always on DB2 for z/OS by client demand – SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1 is • Currently, Oracle is without any client a prerequisite to run productive SAP demand requiring action instances • Supports z/VM as hypervisor for – Customers participating in the SUSE IBM z Systems Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1 Beta program may run non-productive SAP workload only. – SAP requires IBM DB2 Connect™ 10.5 which is supported on SLES 12 KVM for IBM z test environment in Dallas for ISVs to validate applications IBM is canvassing for ISVs to come try it out SAP URL: http://scn.sap.com/docs/DOC-8430 http://scn.sap.com/docs/DOC-28742
27 Ordering and Service – KVM for IBM z Systems Shopz Link
Service & Support
Fixes shadowed
Problem Fix
Physical DVD or Download
Fixpack 1 for V1.1.0 available Fix Central Link
28 Agile release and development plan
KVM for IBM z Release cycle KVM v1.3.0 Keep max. 2 Releases in service at 2 years the same time KVM v1.2.0
2 years 4 years
KVM v1.01.1.0 Version update can be triggered by: • Time • Hardware release 4 years • Major update
KVM for IBM z development cycle • Modification level (SPE) every 6 month for customer & upstream integration • 2 years with new features, Security updates & Bug fixes up to 4 years
6 month 6 month 6 month 6 month 2 years
GA=v1.1.0 SPE 1=v1.1.1 SPE 2=v1.1.2 SPE 3 = v1.1.3 Security updates & Fixes 4 years
29 29 Pricing, Ordering and support of KVM for IBM z
• Zero priced IBM product Adding KVM to z/VM environment • Customers adding KVM for IBM z to a machine that is running z/VM on IFLs may contact • Priced Support and Subscription (S&S) per special bid pricing as both KVM and z/VM are engine currently full capacity priced products • Enables customers to download patches, Solution Packages updates and to utilize IBM WW 24/7 support . Planned packaged offering similar to the Enterprise Linux Server Solution Edition • Program Product ID Number 5648-KVM Ordering • Subscription Support Product ID Number 5468-KVS . Customers may order through Shopz Fulfillment . Ordered similar to z/VM (ESW) . Updates via FixCentral and/or Shopz . Support from IBM Support Center
30 Resources & Contacts
KVM for IBM z Systems Information . FAQ . Webpage . Technical Information
Sales Assistance . Sales Reps and Business Partners should engage the local Linux and KVM for IBM z Systems focal points . Technical Sales Support: Martin Dvorsky, Technical Director, Linux and Cloud on z Systems, IBM Systems, Global Sales
Other Contacts: IBM Steffen Thoss Product Manager
SUSE Marcus Kraft Senior Project Manager
31 Thank you ! Backup IBM z/VM – Powerful and Versatile Virtualization
. World class quality, security, reliability . Extreme scalability creates huge cost savings opportunities z/VM Webpage − Software licensing − Hardware maintenance and networking Linux Linux Linux − Floor space and Energy
. Exploitation of advanced technologies, such as: z/VM − Shared memory (Linux kernel, executables, communications) − Virtual networking (Switches, LANs) z/OS Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux . Highly granular control over resource pool z/OS z/OS z/OS z/VM Linux z/VM . Valuable tool for Disaster Recovery LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4 LPAR 5 LPAR 6 and Resiliency plans and processes
CP CP CP CP CP CP zIIP zIIP IFL IFL IFL IFL IFL IFL IBM z Systems
34 IBM Wave for z/VM IBM Wave Webpage Simple management with intelligent visualization
. Monitors and manages virtual servers Reduce time spent on key administrative and resources from a single graphical tasks by up to 95%1 interface . Simplifies and automates tasks . Provisions virtual resources (Guests, Network, Storage) . Supports advanced z/VM capabilities such as Single System Image (SSI) and Live Guest Relocation (LGR) . Allows delegation of administrative capabilities to the appropriate teams . Competitive and comparable to other virtualization center solutions . View and customize reports easily A simple, intuitive graphical tool providing management, provisioning, and automation for a z/VM environment, supporting Linux virtual servers
35 z13 SCM Vs zEC12 MCM Comparison
z13 Single Chip Modules (SCMs) zEC12 Multi Chip Module (MCM)
.Processer Unit (PU) SCM . Technology – 68.5mm x 68.5mm – fully assembled – 96mm x 96mm with 102 glass ceramic layers – PU Chip area 678 mm2 – 7,356 LGA connections to 8 chip sites .System Controller (SC) SCM . Six 6-core Processor (PU) chips – 68.5mm x 68.5mm – fully assembled – 27 active processors per MCM (30 in Model – SC Chip area 678 mm2 HA1) – PU Chip size 23.7 mm x 25.2 mm – 480 MB on-inclusive L4 cache per SCM . Two System Controller (SC) chips per MCM .Processor Drawer – Two Nodes – 192 MB L4 cache per SC, 384 MB per MCM – Six PU SCMs for 39 PUs (42 PUs in Model – SC Chip size 26.72 mm x 19.67 mm NE1) per drawer . One MCM per book, up to 4 books per System – Two SC SCMs (960 MB L4) per drawer
Single PU Chip Single SC Chip without without PU 2 PU 1 PU 0 Module Thermal Cap Module Thermal Cap
V10 V00 SC 1 SC 0 V11 V01
PU 3 PU 4 PU 5
36 36 Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT)
. Simultaneous multithreading allows instructions from one or two threads to execute on a zIIP or IFL processor core. . SMT helps to address memory latency, resulting in an overall capacity* (throughput) improvement per core . Capacity improvement is variable depending on workload. For AVERAGE workloads the estimated capacity* of a z13: • zIIP is 38% greater than a zEC12 zIIP • IFL is 32% greater than a zEC12 IFL 8 5 0 0 . SMT exploitation: z/VM V6.3 + PTFs for IFLs and z/OS V2.1 + PTFs in an LPAR for zIIPs . SMT can be turned on or off on an LPAR by LPAR basis by operating system parameters. z/OS can also do this dynamically with operator commands. . Notes: 1.SMT is designed to deliver better overall capacity (throughput) for many workloads. Thread performance (instruction execution rate Which approach is designed for for an individual thread) may be faster running in single thread the highest volume** of traffic? mode. Which road is faster? 2.Because SMT is not available for CPs, LSPR ratings do not include **Two lanes at 50 carry 25% more volume if it. traffic density per lane is equal
*Capacity and performance ratios are based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. Actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload .
37 37 SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) processing
Increased parallelism to enable analytics processing Value . Competitive advantage: In transaction vector processing. Enable new applications Offload CPU . Smaller amount of code helps improve execution efficiency Simplify coding . Process elements in parallel enabling more iterations . Supports analytics, compression, cryptography, video/imaging processing
Scalar SIMD SINGLE INSTRUCTION, SINGLE DATA SINGLE INSTRUCTION, MULTIPLE DATA
C3 A3 B3 A3 B3 C3 C2 A2 B2 INSTRUCTION A2 B2 C2 A1 B1 C1 C1 A1 B1
Sum and Store Sum and Store Instruction is performed for Perform instructions on every data element every element at once
38 38 Trademarks
The following are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
DirMaint POWER z13 z/VM* FlashSystem PowerVM z/Architecture* z Systems IBM* PR/SM z/OS* ibm.com RACF* z/TPF* IBM (logo)* VM/ESA z/VSE*
* Registered trademarks of IBM Corporation
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies. Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries. IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Windows Server and the Windows logo are trademarks of the Microsoft group of countries. ITIL is a registered trademark, and a registered community trademark of the Office of Government Commerce, and is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Java and all Java based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both and is used under license therefrom. Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO Logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and Quantum in the U.S. and other countries.
* Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. Notes: Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions. This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area. All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. Information about non-IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirm the performance, compatibility, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. Prices subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography. This information provides only general descriptions of the types and portions of workloads that are eligible for execution on Specialty Engines (e.g, zIIPs, zAAPs, and IFLs) ("SEs"). IBM authorizes customers to use IBM SE only to execute the processing of Eligible Workloads of specific Programs expressly authorized by IBM as specified in the “Authorized Use Table for IBM Machines” provided at www.ibm.com/systems/support/machine_warranties/machine_code/aut.html (“AUT”). No other workload processing is authorized for execution on an SE. IBM offers SE at a lower price than General Processors/Central Processors because customers are authorized to use SEs only to process certain types and/or amounts of workloads as specified by IBM in the AUT.
39