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Krill Oil and Astaxanthin
Krill Oil and Astaxanthin Krill are small reddish-color crustaceans, similar to shrimp, that abound in cold Arctic waters. They survive in such cold, frigid temperatures because of their natural anti- freeze, the polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA. EPA and DHA are bound to molecules called phospholipids (especially phosphatidyl choline) that act to help transport nutrients into cells and change the structure of animal cell membranes. Studies show that these combined fatty acids have better absorption into the cell membranes throughout the body, especially the brain, as compared to other types of fish oils. Although it has less EPA/DHA content than most fish oils, krill oil seems to be almost twice as absorbable. Unlike fish oil, krill oil also contains a very potent antioxidant, astaxanthin, which helps prevent krill oil from oxidizing (turning rancid). Astaxanthin is a red pigment found in different types of algae and phytoplankton. It is astaxanthin that gives salmon and trout their reddish color. It is considered to be one of the most potent natural antioxidants, almost 50 times stronger than beta-carotenes found in fruits and vegetables and 65 times better as an anti-oxidant than vitamin C. Krill oil is composed of 40% phospholipids, 30% EPA and DHA, astaxanthin, vitamin A, vitamin C, various other fatty acids, and flavanoids (anti-oxidant compounds) Human studies indicate krill oil is powerful at decreasing inflammation throughout the body, especially in the brain. It reduces C-reactive protein, a marker for heart disease. Tests indicate it has a powerful anti-inflammatory remedy for rheumatoid as well as osteoarthritis. -
25-CRNVMS3-COPPER.Pdf
EXCERPTED FROM: Vitamin and Mineral Safety 3rd Edition (2013) Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) www.crnusa.org Copper Introduction Copper, like iron and some other elements, is a transition metal and performs at least some of its functions through oxidation-reduction reactions. These reactions involve the transition from Cu1+ to Cu2+. There is little or no Cu valence 0 (the metallic form) in biological systems (European Commission, Scientific Committee on Food [EC SCF] 2003). The essential role of copper was recognized after animals that were fed only a whole-milk diet developed an apparent deficiency that did not respond to iron supplementation and was then recognized as a copper deficiency (Turnlund 1999). The similarity of copper-deficiency anemia and iron-deficiency anemia helped scientists to understand copper’s important biological role as the activator of the enzyme ferroxidase I (ceruloplasmin), which is necessary for iron absorption and mobilization from storage in the liver (Linder 1996; Turnlund 1999; EC SCF 2003). Copper activates several enzymes involved in the metabolism of amino acids and their metabolites, energy, and the activated form of oxygen, superoxide. Enzyme activation by copper produces physiologically important effects on connective tissue formation, iron metabolism, central nervous system activity, melanin pigment formation, and protection against oxidative stress. There are two known inborn errors of copper metabolism. Wilson disease results when an inability to excrete copper causes the element to accumulate, and Menkes disease results when an inability to absorb copper creates a copper deficiency (Turnlund 1994). Safety Considerations Copper is relatively nontoxic in most mammals, including humans (Scheinberg and Sternlieb 1976; Linder 1996). -
DESCRIPTION Nicadan® Tablets Are a Specially Formulated Dietary
DESCRIPTION niacinamide may reduce the hepatic metabolism of primidone Nicadan® tablets are a specially formulated dietary supplement and carbamazepine. Individuals taking these medications containing natural ingredients with anti-inflammatory properties. should consult their physician. Individuals taking anti- Each pink-coated tablet is oval shaped, scored and embossed diabetes medications should have their blood glucose levels with “MM”. Nicadan® is for oral administration only. monitored. Nicadan® should be administered under the supervision of a Allergic sensitization has been reported rarely following oral licensed medical practitioner. administration of folic acid. Folic acid above 1 mg daily may obscure pernicious anemia in that hematologic remission may INGREDIENTS occur while neurological manifestations remain progressive. Each tablet of Nicadan® contains: Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid).................100 mg DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Niacinamide (Vitamin B-3) ..................800 mg Take one tablet daily with food or as directed by a physician. Vitamin B-6 (as Pyridoxine HCI) . .10 mg Nicadan® tablets are scored, so they may be broken in half Folic Acid...............................500 mcg if required. Magnesium (as Magnesium Citrate).............5 mg HOW SUPPLIED Zinc (as Zinc Gluconate).....................20 mg Nicadan® is available in a bottle containing 60 tablets. Copper (as Copper Gluconate)..................2 mg 43538-440-60 Alpha Lipoic Acid...........................50 mg Store at 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Keep bottle tightly Other Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, Povidone, closed. Store in cool dry place. Hypromellose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Polydextrose, Talc, Magnesium Sterate Vegetable, Vegetable Stearine, Red Beet KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF Powder, Titanium Dioxide, Maltodextrin and Triglycerides. CHILDREN. -
The Health Benefits of Krill Oil Versus Fish Oil
The Health Benefits of Krill Oil versus Fish Oil Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Antarctic krill is a rich source of long chain Ȧ-3 PUFAs: EPA & DHA Human trials show EPA and DHA significantly lower i~70% incorporated into phospholipids and ~30% is free fatty acids triglycerides, VLDL, LDL, and iDHA content in krill oil is similar to fish oil, EPA content is much higher blood pressure, and raise HDL. in krill oil than fatty fish Fish oil, a prominent source of Krill Oil contains antioxidants Vitamin A, Vitamin E, and Astaxanthin EPA and DHA, maintains a long founded history in Clinical Trials epidemiologic and intervention i1 g and 1.5 g krill oil significantly more effective than 3 g fish oil in studies which support it can reducing glucose and LDL help reduce atherosclerotic plaque growth, cancer, i2 g and 3 g krill oil showed significantly greater reduction in glucose, arrhythmia, inflammation, LDL, and triglycerides compared to 3 g fish oil arthritis, kidney disease, and iAfter an additional 120 days at 0.5 g/d krill oil (after 90 days at 1±1.5 g/d skin disorders, as well as krill oil) cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and glucose became increase endothelial function, significantly different from baseline anti-thrombosis, insulin sensitivity, neurological i.ULOORLO¶VKLJKSURSRUWLRQRI(3$ '+$ERXQGWRSKRVSKROLSLGVDQGDV function, retinal and brain free fatty acids demonstrates greater bioavailability and absorption in development, and the intestine compared to fish oil whose EPA & DHA is bound to immunological function. The triglycerides level of causation is so i Mice fed 10% krill oil had higher liver expression of endogenous profound even the American antioxidant enzymes than corn fed mice. -
Heart Health Through Whole Foods
Heart Health Through Whole Foods Certain whole foods in a diet can ultimately provide heart-healthy benefits. The right foods consumed in the right amounts can help lower cholesterol and/or triglycerides. They may also help to reduce risk for heart disease. Even though the benefits of whole foods may be known, too often individuals turn to over-the-counter supplements instead. It is important to discuss all supplements prior to ingestion with your physician. Individuals may not realize that taking some supplements with certain medications may be harmful or that taking too much of a good thing can be bad. The purpose of this session is to educate how to obtain certain nutrients through whole foods rather then through supplements. It must be noted that some individuals may still need supplements in addition to diet. Once again this should be guided by a physician. Supplement Health Benefits Caution Dietary Alternative Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Fish oil is used for There are some safety concerns Consuming fish oil from dietary Fish Oils reduction in cholesterol about using high doses of fish oil. sources such as fatty fish (e.g., and triglycerides. It is Doses greater than 3 grams per tuna, salmon), two servings Fish oils contain used for hyperlipidemia, day can inhibit blood coagulation per week, is associated with Eicosapentaenoic hypertriglyceridemia, and potentially increase the risk a reduced risk of developing Acid (EPA) and coronary heart disease of bleeding. Doses greater than 3 cardiovascular disease Docosahexaenoic and hypertension. grams per day might also suppress (primary prevention). Acid (DHA) immune response. -
Effects of Krill Oil on Endothelial Function and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Open Access Research BMJ Open Diab Res Care: first published as 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000107 on 14 October 2015. Downloaded from Effects of krill oil on endothelial function and other cardiovascular risk factors in participants with type 2 diabetes, a randomized controlled trial Jessika M Lobraico, Lauren C DiLello, Amber D Butler, Marie Elena Cordisco, Joann R Petrini, Ramin Ahmadi To cite: Lobraico JM, ABSTRACT et al Key messages DiLello LC, Butler AD, . Objective: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate Effects of krill oil on the effect of krill oil supplementation, a source of ω-3 endothelial function and ▪ Krill oil supplementation helps to reduce cardio- fatty acids, on cardiovascular disease risk factors and other cardiovascular risk vascular risk factors in patients with type 2 factors in participants with blood glucose control among participants with type 2 diabetes. type 2 diabetes, a diabetes. ▪ Four weeks of krill oil supplementation improved randomized controlled trial. Research design and methods: A randomized, endothelial function, reduced C peptide levels, BMJ Open Diabetes Research double-blind controlled cross-over trial was employed. and improved insulin resistance as calculated by and Care 2015;3:e000107. Outcomes assessed were: endothelial function, blood HOMA in patients with type 2 diabetes. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2015- lipids, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum antioxidant ▪ Serum high-density lipoprotein significantly 000107 level, C peptide, and calculated Homeostatic Model increased to more optimal levels following Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. 17 weeks of krill oil supplementation. Participants were randomized to either krill oil or olive oil ▪ This study was designed as a randomized, Received 3 April 2015 supplementation for 4 weeks, underwent a 2-week double-blind trial with a cross-over design. -
Krill Oil and Blood Lipids
Nutra Report Krill Oil and Blood Lipids Active component[s]: Eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] Other speculated active components: Alpha-linolenic acid [ALA], astaxanthin, flavanoids, Vitamin A, vitamin E. Source material: Body oil from Euphausia pacifica [Pacific Krill] and Euphausia superb [Antarctic Krill]. Dosage route: Oral. Directions of use: A clinical literature search did not yield specific results pertaining to directions of use. Duration of use: 3 months (Bunea et al., 2004). Target Population: Adults. Risk Information: Consult your health care practitioner if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Do not take if you are allergic to shellfish. Avoid if you have a known allergy to shellfish. The following have been reported with krill oil supplementation of 2g/day for 4 weeks: gastrointestinal complaints like flatulence, gas, bloating, and/or diarrhoea (Maki et al., 2009). HUMAN HEALTH INDICATIONS: Recommended Use or Purpose General Adults 1 - 1.5 g/day*§ Helps lower total blood cholesterol and low-density 2 – 3 g/day* lipoprotein [LDL]-cholesterol levels and improve high- density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol levels. Helps lower total blood cholesterol, triglyceride [TG] and LDL- cholesterol levels and improve HDL-cholesterol levels. *Potency specific to a 3 month supplementation period §With follow up of 500 mg/day krill oil for a subsequent 90 days (Bunea et al., 2004) © Nutrasource Diagnostics Inc. Page 1 120 Research Lane, Suite 203, Guelph, ON, N1G 0B4 CANADA T: 519.341.3367 | F: 888.531.3466 | E: [email protected] www.nutrasource.ca Nutra Report KRILL OIL Krill is a Norwegian term meaning “young fry of fish” given to small shrimp-like crustaceans belonging to the order Euphausiacea (Tou et al., 2007). -
Bioeffective Krill Oil Compositions
(19) TZZ _ _T (11) EP 2 612 672 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: A61K 35/60 (2006.01) A61K 45/06 (2006.01) 10.07.2013 Bulletin 2013/28 A61K 31/122 (2006.01) A61K 31/23 (2006.01) A61K 31/683 (2006.01) A61K 31/685 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 12187516.5 A61K 35/56 A61K 9/48 (22) Date of filing: 28.03.2008 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Tilseth, Snorre. AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR N-5027 Bergen (NO) HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT • Banni, Sebastiano. RO SE SI SK TR I-09126 Cagliari (IT) • Cohn, Jeffrey. (30) Priority: 28.03.2007 US 920483 P Sydney, NSW 2050 (AU) 25.09.2007 US 975058 P • Mancinelli, Daniele. 29.10.2007 US 983446 P N-6150 Orsta (NO) 28.01.2008 US 24072 P (74) Representative: Golding, Louise Ann (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in Dehns accordance with Art. 76 EPC: St Bride’s House 08718910.6 / 2 144 618 10 Salisbury Square London EC4Y 8JD (GB) (71) Applicant: Aker BioMarine AS 0115 Oslo (NO) Remarks: •This application was filed on 05-10-2012 as a (72) Inventors: divisional application to the application mentioned • Bruheim, Inge. under INID code 62. N-6100 Volda (NO) •Claims filed after the date of receipt of the divisional • Griinari, Mikko application (Rule 68(4) EPC). FIN-02660 Espoo (FI) (54) BIOEFFECTIVE KRILL OIL COMPOSITIONS (57) This invention discloses new krill oil composi- combination with approximately 20% ethanol. -
Management of Copper Deficiency in Cholestatic Infants / Blackmer, Bailey 2012
XXX10.1177/0884533612461531Nutrition in Clinical PracticeManagement of Copper Deficiency in Cholestatic Infants / Blackmer, Bailey 2012 Clinical Observations Nutrition in Clinical Practice Volume 28 Number 1 Management of Copper Deficiency in Cholestatic Infants: February 2013 75-86 © 2012 American Society Review of the Literature and a Case Series for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition DOI: 10.1177/0884533612461531 ncp.sagepub.com hosted at online.sagepub.com Allison Beck Blackmer, PharmD, BCPS1; and Elizabeth Bailey, RD2 Abstract Copper is an essential trace element, playing a critical role in multiple functions in the body. Despite the necessity of adequate copper provision and data supporting the safety of copper administration during cholestasis, it remains common practice to reduce or remove copper in parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions after the development of cholestasis due to historical recommendations supporting this practice. In neonates, specifically premature infants, less is known about required copper intakes to accumulate copper stores and meet increased demands during rapid growth. Pediatric surgical patients are at high risk for hepatic injury during long-term PN provision and a balance is needed between the potential for reduced biliary excretion of copper and adequate copper intakes to prevent deficiency. Copper deficiency has been documented in several pediatric patients with cholestasis when parenteral copper was reduced or removed. Few data guide the management of copper deficiency in the pediatric population. The following case series describes our experience with successfully managing copper deficiency in 3 cholestatic infants after copper had been reduced or removed from their PN. Classic signs of copper deficiency were present, including hypocupremia, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and osteopenia. -
Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1
2015 Dietary Supplements Compendium DSC Volume 1 General Notices and Requirements USP–NF General Chapters USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs USP–NF Excipient Monographs FCC General Provisions FCC Monographs FCC Identity Standards FCC Appendices Reagents, Indicators, and Solutions Reference Tables DSC217M_DSCVol1_Title_2015-01_V3.indd 1 2/2/15 12:18 PM 2 Notice and Warning Concerning U.S. Patent or Trademark Rights The inclusion in the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium of a monograph on any dietary supplement in respect to which patent or trademark rights may exist shall not be deemed, and is not intended as, a grant of, or authority to exercise, any right or privilege protected by such patent or trademark. All such rights and privileges are vested in the patent or trademark owner, and no other person may exercise the same without express permission, authority, or license secured from such patent or trademark owner. Concerning Use of the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Attention is called to the fact that USP Dietary Supplements Compendium text is fully copyrighted. Authors and others wishing to use portions of the text should request permission to do so from the Legal Department of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Copyright © 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention ISBN: 978-1-936424-41-2 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 All rights reserved. DSC Contents iii Contents USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1 Volume 2 Members . v. Preface . v Mission and Preface . 1 Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations . 1. General Notices and Requirements . 9 USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program . .205 USP–NF General Chapters . 25 Dietary Supplements Regulatory USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs . -
Toxicological Profile for Copper
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR COPPER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry September 2004 COPPER ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. COPPER iii UPDATE STATEMENT A Toxicological Profile for Copper, Draft for Public Comment was released in September 2002. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 COPPER vii QUICK REFERENCE FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS Toxicological Profiles are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. Each profile reflects a comprehensive and extensive evaluation, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic and epidemiologic information on a substance. Health care providers treating patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances will find the following information helpful for fast answers to often-asked questions. Primary Chapters/Sections of Interest Chapter 1: Public Health Statement: The Public Health Statement can be a useful tool for educating patients about possible exposure to a hazardous substance. It explains a substance’s relevant toxicologic properties in a nontechnical, question-and-answer format, and it includes a review of the general health effects observed following exposure. Chapter 2: Relevance to Public Health: The Relevance to Public Health Section evaluates, interprets, and assesses the significance of toxicity data to human health. -
What Foods Are Rich in Dietary TMAO Precursors?
What is TMAO? TMAO (or trimethylamine N-oxide) is a metabolite produced by gut bacteria. Briefly, nutrients such as phosphatidylcholine (also known as lecithin), choline, and L-carnitine are abundant in animal-derived products such as red meat, egg yolk and full-fat dairy products. When consumed, these nutrients are processed by gut bacteria resulting in the release of various metabolites including TMA (trimethylamine) into the blood. TMA is then transported to the liver where it is converted into TMAO which has been shown to regulate various physiological processes involved in the development of atherosclerosis1,2. What foods are rich in dietary TMAO precursors? Red Meat Full-Fat Dairy Products Others Beef Whole milk Energy drinks Pork Eggs Dietary supplements Ham Yogurt Lamb Cream cheese Veal Butter Processed meats What dietary modification may help reduce an elevated TMAO? The composition of the diet can have a dramatic effect on the composition of the gut microbiome. Through dietary modifications, including the elimination of TMAO precursors, the gut bacteria may be altered and TMAO levels reduced. Foods commonly found in the Mediterranean diet such as cold-pressed olive oil, balsamic vinegar, and red wine are rich in the compound DMB (or 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol), which has been shown to inhibit TMAO production3. My patient is taking a fish oil/krill oil supplement, will it falsely elevate their TMAO results? To date, we know that TMAO is found in high levels in certain types of seafood. A comprehensive list of the contents in supplements are rarely listed, so it is possible that TMAO may be present in fish oil/krill oil supplements.