CDM-PDD-FORM
Project design document form for CDM project activities (Version 06.0)
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT (PDD)
Title of the project activity Tandavanala TsinjoHarena Improved cook-stoves in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region, Madagascar
Version number of the PDD Version 04
Completion date of the PDD 2016/07/11
Project participant(s) TANDAVANALA Foundation
Host Party Madagascar
Sectoral scope and selected Scope: End-use energy efficiency improvement and methodology(ies), and where Energy Demand; applicable, selected standardized Methodology: “Technologies and Practices to Displace baseline(s) Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption Version 2.0”- 24/04/15
Estimated amount of annual average GHG emission reductions 168,759 tCO2e VER
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SECTION A. Description of project activity
A.1. Purpose and general description of project activity A.1.1. Description of the project activity
The project activity is the manufacture, distribution and sale of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove. The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena improved cook stoves uses less fuelwood (non-renewable biomass) compared to the traditional stove, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The prevailing situation is the widespread use of open cooking fires (three stone fires) by households.
The project activity is carried out by the Tandavanala Foundation (Tandavanala). Tandavanala is an NGO registered in Madagascar with main aim of the preservation and conservation of natural resource by sustainable management of the tropical forest through engagement of the local communities living in the southeast part of the Island. Its main areas of intervention are: Dissemination of environmental good governance policies and practices; Promotion of the rights and the sustainable livelihoods of indigenous communities and rural poor; Climate change mitigation and adaptation initiatives and natural resources preservation. The project activity plays an important part in Tandavanala’s mission to conserve of natural resources.
The primary objective of the project activity is to locally manufacture and distribute over 60,000 Tandavanala TsinjoHarena improved cook stoves between 2016 and 2026. This stove has been established through laboratory and household cooking test to save up to 52%1 of fuel wood in comparison to traditional stoves to cook the same amount of food. Tandavanala aims to make these efficient cook stoves affordable and available to low income rural households across Vatovavy Fitovinany Region in the Republic of Madagascar.
The efficient Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove is a portable biomass stove designed for burning wood. The replacement of traditional stoves by Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stoves improves heat transfer, hence reducing the total amount of fuel required for cooking and reducing amount of GHG emitted into the atmosphere.
Tandavanala TsinjoHarena is made of clay liner baked to high standards and insulated with outer metal sheet that are commonly available in Fianarantsoa. It is joined with a mortar of high quality that holds together the clay liner and metal sheet.
It is operated by inserting one or two pieces of wood through the opening in the bottom and igniting the ends. During burning, the fire in the combustion chamber (which is in the form of a short chimney) creates a higher pressure than the surrounding atmosphere leading to a flow of hot gas towards the top of the combustion chamber where the pot is placed.
The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stoves require very little firewood compared to traditional stoves. Research have shown that the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove has a lifespan of at least 5 years.
Besides reduced greenhouse gas emissions, the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stoves bring multiple benefits to the stove users. These include the reduction of indoor air pollution (carbon monoxide and particulate matter), reducing exposure of children and women and reducing the risk of respiratory diseases and cancer associated with pollutants emitted by open cooking fires. Since wood continues to be expensive and scarce in most parts of the Madagascar, the project will
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The project will bring local employment and therefore improved livelihoods to rural areas through distribution, training and monitoring of the efficient stoves.
A.1.2. Baseline scenario The baseline scenario is continuation of the state of affairs existing prior to the implementation of the project activity, which is the widespread use of open cooking fires (three-stone fires) by households. This is further elaborated in A.1.4.
A.1.3. Description of the technologies and measures
The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cookstove is a portable one-pot biomass cookstove that has a baked clay liner and a sheet metal outer. The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cookstove is manufactured by artisans in Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
A.1.4. The scenario existing prior to implementation of the project activity In developing countries representing at least 30% of the world population, solid fuels such as wood and charcoal are the primary source of household energy for cooking. In Madagascar, the use of wood energy is significant because 92% of the total energy used by Malagasy households comes from forests2. Fuel wood and charcoal are the main sources of energy in both rural and urban areas. The energy supply in Madagascar is dominated by wood (92%); petroleum products occupy only 7%. The proportion of renewable energy still remains marginal with less than 1% of this offer.3 Wood is mainly used for household cooking. Firewood is the energy carrier most used by rural households while charcoal is the main energy carrier used by urban households for cooking4. Firewood is the consumed by 82.2% of households in Madagascar, while the charcoal is consumed by 17% of Malagasy households which are mainly in urban areas.
In rural areas, 91% of households still use wood (wood picked on forest and wood purchased), against 45% in urban areas. A recent study (INSTAT 2010) found that the use of fuel types varies according to the educational level of the head of household. The head of household who had higher level of education uses charcoal (71.2%) and the lower level uses firewood (17.6%). Conversely, where the household head was less educated, most households consumed picked wood (93.0%) with very few of these household using (3.9%).5
A large proportion of households who use charcoal use traditional cookers named "fatapera gasy". For households who use wood, “three stones or triangle iron” named "toko”, remains the most common fuel burning practice.6
Traditional charcoal or wood-fuelled cookers have the disadvantage of having a very low energy efficiency and experience to significant losses. The data collected in the different literatures have identified that 95% of household collection sites are located within 2 km of the household.7
2 WWF, Diagnostic du secteur énergie à Madagascar, Report, September, 2012 3 WWF, Diagnostic du secteur énergie à Madagascar, Report, September, 2012 4 WWF, Diagnostic du secteur énergie à Madagascar, Report, September, 2012 ,pg b
5 INSTAT, Enquête EPM 2010, page 184 6 WWF, Diagnostic du secteur énergie à Madagascar, Report, September, 2012 (page c) 7 Household survey analysis report, Mai 2014, Ankarimbelo, district of Ikongo, Madagascar Version 06.0 Page 3 of 45
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Every year, large areas of natural forest in Madagascar are destroyed to provide fuelwood and charcoal for cooking. The main factors of that pressure are population growth causing consumption increase in households and non-efficient practice.8
Most used species A report by the WWF (2012) indicated that the tree species utilised as firewood by households vary according to regional availability. Also, 37.5% of households use three or more species and more than half of the households (52.35%) use two. The rest (10.15%) consumes only one species. In the project area, the most used species are: Harungana madagascariensis (Harungana), Eugenia cloiselii (Goyave), Phyllarthron sp (Zahana), Cynometra sp (mampay), Homalium cauliflorum (Hazombato) and Anthostema madagascriensis (Andravola)9 Current situation on demand of wood as energy The estimated annual consumption of firewood for the 22 regions of the main island was 10 614 846 m3 for 2012. For the Vatovavy Fitovinany region, at the same year, the annual consumption of firewood is 827 193 m3 in rural areas and 17 498 m3 in urban areas.10 The extent of the adverse effects of air pollution due to domestic cooking on public health is considerable. Nearly 12 000 deaths per year are attributed to respiratory infections caused by the inhalation of polluted air on households; more than 10 000 of them are children under 5 years old.11 Proportion of households headed by women More than three quarters of the households are headed by men (78%). The proportion (22%) of women heads of households has not changed over the past decade. Households headed by women are more frequent in urban areas (27%) than in rural areas (21%).12
A.1.5. Estimation of annual average and total GHG emission reduction
The estimated emission reductions over the entire 10-year crediting period is 1 687 594 cCO2eq. The average annual emission reduction is 1 68759 tCO2eq. The expected emission reductions for the first year is 44 693 (from 20 000 stoves). This is expected to increase to 178 817 per year from year two when 60000 stoves are expected to be in operation.
A.1.6. Sustainable development
Indoor pollution is a leading cause of respiratory illness and death in the developing world, contributing to the death of many women and children every year, on average. Globally, over 70% of people in the developing countries are without access to modern energy services. The UN has acknowledged that modern energy services are integral to the realization of all human rights.
The benefits of access to improved household energy are well documented, and include reduced time spent looking for firewood, reduced cost for families, reduced child and adult morbidity and mortality through respiratory diseases, improved attendance at school and increased productivity.
This project directly addresses several of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), including goal 4 (Reduce Child Mortality) and 7 (Ensure Environmental Sustainability). The project has integrated the principles of sustainable development into its programs by contributing to the reversal of the loss of environmental resources, the reduction of disease and child mortality, and the development of a global partnership for development.
8 Madagascar ecosystem and Indian Ocean Islands biodiversity Hotspot, December 2014, page 11 9 WWF, Diagnostic du secteur énergie à Madagascar, Report, September, 2012, page 35 10 INSTAT- EPM, 2010 11 WORLD BANK, 2013, Rapport sur l’environnement (Country Environnemental Analysis - CEA) 2013 : LES PRINCIPAUX MESSAGES, page 9 12 INSTAT/ENSOMD 2012-2013, Enquête de Suivi des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement, page 15 Version 06.0 Page 4 of 45
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The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove is currently produced in Fianarantsoa. The technology used to produce Tandavanala TsinjoHarena will be made available to the households and entrepreneurs within the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region. Entrepreneurs who are interested in further taking it as an enterprise will be guided on how to produce the stove. This will help in technology transfer who will evolve to more superior technology as the honing of manufacturing skills progresses.
A.1.7. CDM project is not a CPA
The project is not component project activity of a voluntary programme of activities or a programme of activities registered under the CDM.
A.2. Location of project activity
A.2.1. Host Party The host party is TANDAVANALA Foundation in the country of Madagascar
A.2.2. Region/State/Province etc. Vatovavy Fitovinany Region of Madagascar
A.2.3. City/Town/Community etc. All towns and communities of Vatovavy Fitovinany Region of Madagascar
A.2.4. Physical/Geographical location The project is located in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region in the Southern Region of Madagascar. Vatovavy Fitovinany Region borders Haute Matsiatra Region from the West and Atsimo Atsinanana region from South and Atsinanana Region from the North. The Region covers an area of 2,193 km.² and is divided in 6 Districts: Ifanadiana, Mananjary, Manakara, Ikongo, Vohipeno, and Nosy Varika.
Table 1 gives the of the geographic coordinates in degrees-minutes-seconds and decimal degrees13 for the districts in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region.
Region Districts GP coordinates IFANADIANA 21o18’11.092” S 47o38’17.131”E
Lat: -21.303081 Lon: 47.638092
IKONGO 21 o 59’41.369”S 47 o 22’14.359”E
Vatovavy Fitovinany Lat: -21.9948246 Lon: 47.3706554
MANAKARA 22 o 8’35.624”S 48 o 0’21.536”E
Lat: -22.143228 Lon: 48.005982
MANANJARY 21 o 13’28.251”S
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48 o 20’47.193”E
Lat: -21.2245142 Lon: 48.3464426
NOSY-VARIKA 20 o 35’28.526”S 48 o 31’52.42”E
Lat: -20.5912573 Lon: 48.5312278
VOHIPENO 22 o 21’14.39”S 47 o 50’24.936”E
Lat: -22.3539973 Lon: 47.8402601 Table 1: Coordinates for the districts of the Vatovavy region in Madagascar
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Figure 1: Map of the location of the Vatovavy Fitovinany region in Madagascar
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A.3. Technologies and/or measures
A.3.1 Technologies and measures implemented by the project activity Before the implementation of the project, the common cooking practice in all districts within Vatovavy Fitovinany Region is the use of traditional open cooking fires (three stone fire). Firewood (non-renewable biomass) is used for cooking, both with the traditional and the improved stove. The three stone open fires stove burns more firewood than the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove14.
Tandavanala TsinjoHarena is made of clay liner baked to high standards and insulated with outer metal sheet that are commonly available in Fianarantsoa. It’s joined with a high quality mortar that holds together the clay liner and metal sheet. The design follows the principles of the rocket stove design.
The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove is projected to have a lifespan of at least 5 years. As part of the monitoring process, the drop-off rate will be estimated for the total population. The drop-off rate is the rate at which stoves become damaged and/or unusable and/or not used. Drop-off rate will also be used to plan the production of the stoves.
All Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stoves under this project are manufactured by trained artisans and the processes will be managed by TANDAVANALA who have experience in working with clay and manufacturing different types of cook stoves.
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Figure 2: Example of an improved Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove
The stoves are then transported and stored in a warehouse in Manakara town. TANDAVANALA has a dedicated team of 15 officers including field officers and program managers who have a good network within their communities in the different districts in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region.
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The efficient stove will be distributed to households in exchange for a programme fee of (which is set at 5000A for the first year and will be reviewed from time to time) to make sure the households owns the stove and not have a feeling that it’s a free product from an NGO. The programme fee will remain lower than the net cost of the stove for the duration of the project. Tandavanala only distributes the stove to those who have formed groups with clear economic activities. Tandavanala will validate this fact before distribution of the stove. Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook-stove is sold at a much lower price than the actual net cost (including costs for manufacturing, quality control, transportation and storage). This is made possible by the sale of the verified emission reductions from this project.
Stove beneficiaries will been trained by the Field Officers on how to use the stove during mobilisation because rocket-type stoves such as the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove is mostly unfamiliar to the targeted households in the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region.
The project aims to produce enough stoves in order to ensure that 20,000 stoves are operational during the first year, and 40,000 during the rest of the crediting period. The level of production of Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stoves each year is calculated in order to maintain the number of operational stoves at 60,000 units (except for the first year), taking into account the drop-off rate.
Drop-off rate is estimated through a survey done a year after the kitchen tests were done. It was established that Tandavanala TsinjoHarena drop-off rate is 20%. This will be further verified by a survey to be conducted by Tandavanala. This drop-off rate includes the stoves that are damaged and/or unusable, but it also includes the stoves distributed, supposedly operational, that are not used by the household. This parameter will be monitored throughout the crediting period in order to ensure that every year, 60,000 stoves are operational by adapting the level of production to cover the lack of stoves that have been dropped-off
A.4. Parties and project participants Private and/or public Indicate if the Party involved Party involved entity(ies) project wishes to be considered as (host) indicates host Party participants project participant (Yes/No) (as applicable) Tandavanala Foundation in Private entity Yes Madagascar (host) ICCO Cooperation Private entity No Madagascar (host) Fair Climate Network Southern No Africa in South Africa
A.5. Public funding of project activity
There are no public funds from Parties included in Annex I that has been channelled to this project. This project is mainly financed through the carbon credits mechanism and will be certified under the Gold Standard Foundation. Project implementation started in 1st January 2016
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SECTION B. Application of selected approved baseline and monitoring methodology and standardized baseline
B.1. Reference of methodology and standardized baseline The Gold Standard Methodology: “Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption” Version 2.0 for clean cookstove activities.15 (TPDDTEC) is applied for baseline and monitoring.
The additionality of the project is demonstrated following the guidelines of the “Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality – Version 07.0.0” 16 . “Guidelines for objective demonstration and assessment of barriers, EB 50, Version 01” and the “Guidelines on common practice, EB 69, Annex 8, Version 02.0” are also taken into account when demonstrating the additionally of the project.
B.2. Applicability of methodology and standardized baseline
The Gold Standard Methodology “Methodology “Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption” Version 2.0 for clean cookstove activities – 24/04/15 is applicable to programs introducing technologies and/or practices that reduce or displace greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from the thermal energy consumption of households and non- domestic premises.
The project aims to produce and distribute energy efficient, wood-burning cook stoves to displace inefficient traditional, wood-burning three-stone cooking fires. By reducing the consumption of unsustainably harvested fuel wood by households, the project implemented reduces decentralized thermal energy consumption and hence GHG emissions. Therefore it qualifies as a non-industrial end-use, energy efficiency project and satisfies this requirement of the methodology.
As required by the methodology, the project activity is implemented by a project proponent (Tandavanala Foundation), and individual households and institutions do not act as project participants.
As required by the methodology, the project boundary can be clearly identified, and the technologies counted in the project are not included in another voluntary market or CDM project activity (i.e. no double counting takes place).
The methodology requires that the project proponents must have a survey mechanism in place together with appropriate mitigation measures so as to prevent double-counting in case of another similar activity with some of the target area in common. The project complies to this requirement. The project boundary is clearly identified as described in section B.3 of the PDD. Tandavanala has put in place appropriate mitigation measures to prevent double counting. This is described in section B.7.
It is furthermore a requirement that the technologies each have a continuous useful energy output of less than 150kW per unit (defined as total energy delivered from start to end of operation of a unit divided by time of operation). The energy output of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove is the same as the thermal energy supplied in the baseline scenario by the traditional stone fire that delivers far less than 150kW per stove. In studies by the Aprovecho Research Centre, a three stone stove (open fire) was found to have an output of 7.50kW, a 5L portable rocket stove with skirt (improved cook stove) has an output of 5.00kW and a large 45L institutional stove has an output of less than 20kW per unit. The first kitchen tests performed in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region in August 2014 found that the average wood fuel consumption for the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove is
15http://www.goldstandard.org/sites/default/files/revised-tpddtec-methodology_april-2015_final-clean.pdf 16http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-01-v7.0.0.pdf Version 06.0 Page 12 of 45
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1.27 ton/year/stove. The Water Boiling Test (WBT) conducted by an independent laboratory in March 201517 evaluated the highest thermal efficiency reachable by the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove at an average of 16%. Knowing that the net caloric value of wood fuel is 15 GJ/ton18, the potential useful energy in a year is 5.07GJ (1.27 ton * 15 GJ/ton * 0.16). The surveys conducted in the area showed that in average, a family uses the stove each day for a duration of 5 hours, which represents 6.75 million seconds in a year. Thus, the total useful energy delivered usefully from start to end of operation of a Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove divided by time of operation is about 0,77 kW (5.07 GJ/6.75 M sec). This is far less than 150 kW thermal useful energy outputs threshold required for the technologies under this methodology.
The methodology allows for the use of the baseline technologies as a backup or auxiliary technology in parallel with the project measures as long as a mechanism is put into place to encourage the removal of the old technology (i.e. discounted price for the improved technology) and the definitive discontinuity of its use. The methodology requires that the project documentation provide a clear description of the approach. The project documentation must provide a clear description of the approach chosen and the monitoring plan must allow for a good understanding of the extent to which the baseline technology is still in use after the introduction of the improved technology, whether the existing baseline technology is not surrendered at the time of the introduction of the improved technology, or whether a new baseline technology is acquired and put to use by targeted end users during the project crediting period.
The project cannot guarantee complete removal of the previous fire making practices since these are very simple and in the simplest scenario requires only three stones or a small metal frame. The monitoring plan therefore takes into account the possibility that households may revert to baseline fire making practices or to some extent use the baseline and project measures in parallel. The monitoring survey will be used to determine the extent to which the baseline measures are still in use.
The methodology requires that the project proponent clearly communicate to all project participants that it is claiming ownership rights of and selling the emission reductions resulting from the project activity. This must be communicated to the technology producers and the retailers of the improved technology or the renewable fuel in use in the project situation by contract or clear written assertions in the transaction documentation. If the claimants are not the project technology end users, the end users should be notified that they cannot claim for emission reductions from the project.
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The project satisfies this requirement because Tandavanala clearly communicated to the stakeholders during the stakeholder consultation that it will claim ownership rights to the emission reductions resulting from the use of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove. This will also be communicated to purchasers of the stove at the time of sale and will be documented in sales and/or warranty documentation. When distributing the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stoves to the households, both parties sign a beneficiary agreement. This document, signed by each party involved in the project, clarifies the rights and duties for them.
For the household, it entails that: - They agree to discontinue the use of the traditional stove that is replaced by the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove - They will inform TANDAVANALA if the Tandavanala stove is no longer in use - They will inform TANDAVANALA if there is any transfer of ownership of the Tandavanala stove - They will not claim propriety rights on the carbon credits generated: they waived them in exchange for a discounted pricing of the improved Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove
Project activities making use of a new biomass feedstock in the project situation (e.g. shift from non-renewable to green charcoal, plant oil or renewable biomass briquettes) are required by the methodology to comply with relevant Gold Standard specific requirements for biomass related project activities, as defined in the latest version of the Gold Standard rules. These requirements do not apply to the project since the project activity does not introduce a new source of biomass. End-users will continue to use firewood for household cooking but will do so in a more efficient manner compared to the baseline scenario.
B.3. Project boundary The sources of greenhouse gasses included in the project boundary are given in Table 2.
Source GHGs Included? Justification/Explanation
CO2 Yes Important source of emissions Cooking and heating CH4 Yes Important source of emissions N2O Yes Important source of emissions CO2 No Not accounted for Production of fuel CH4 No Not accounted for N2O No Not accounted for CO2 No Not accounted for Transport of fuel CH No Not accounted for
Baseline scenario Baseline 4 N2O No Not accounted for
CO2 Yes Important source of emissions
Cooking and heating CH4 Yes Important source of emissions N2O Yes Important source of emissions CO2 No Not accounted for Production of fuel CH4 No Not accounted for N2O No Not accounted for CO2 No Not accounted for
Project scenario Project Transport of fuel CH4 No Not accounted for N2O No Not accounted for
Table 2: Emission sources included in the project boundary The project reduces greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted through the use of fuel wood to cook and heat with inefficient cook stoves by introducing widespread use of an improved energy efficient stove technology. To ensure conservative estimates of emission reductions, the project will not account for GHG reductions attributable to production and transportation of baseline fuels. Version 06.0 Page 14 of 45
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The target area consists of the districts of Ikongo, Ifanadiana, Mananjary, Manakara, Vohipeno, and Nosy Varika in the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region in Madagascar.
The project boundary is the physical boundaries of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stoves that are distributed within the target area. Project emissions are emissions from within the project boundary, i.e. from the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stoves within the boundary. Baseline emissions are the emissions that would have taken place from the cooking activities that have been replaced by the use of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove.
B.4. Establishment and description of baseline scenario
The baseline scenario is the continuation of the existing kitchen practice of cooking food on traditional stoves using high emission fuels including non-renewable biomass and fossil fuels. The project proponent will only claim emission reductions for residents who currently cook food if barriers were reduced in the baseline.
Through a baseline survey, the project proponent has established the baseline scenario in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region of Madagascar. All the respondents in the survey used high emission fuels including non-renewable biomass and fossil fuels to cook. Of all respondents, 72%19 of the used firewood for cooking, while 12% used charcoal.
A description of the baseline scenario, including detailed information on how the baseline was established, and how key parameters for calculating baseline emissions were established is presented below.
(a) Use of baseline technology The methodology requires that: “the use of the project baseline technology in parallel with the improved technology introduced by the project activity is permitted as long as a mechanism is put in place in order to encourage the removal of the old technology (e.g. discounted price for the improved technology) and the definitive discontinuity of its use”.
The Tandavanala Tsinjo Harena stoves implemented during the crediting period will be sold for 5000A in the first year. The affordable price, lower fuel consumption and increased utility provide an incentive for people to discontinue the use of traditional fire making practices.
As part of the monitoring procedures put in place by the project throughout the crediting period, surveys will be conducted annually to determine exactly at which rate is Tandavanala TsinjoHarena adopted and used by households and to what extent traditional fire making practices remain in use. Any remaining use of traditional fire making practices will be taken into account in the calculation of baseline and project emissions.
(b) Establishment and description of baseline scenario
As per methodology “Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption – 11/04/2011”, the baseline scenario is defined by the typical baseline fuel consumption patterns in the population targeted for adoption of the project technology. The methodology further states that where all units are non-industrial the baseline is by default a fixed baseline with no monitoring of baseline parameters during the crediting period. The baseline scenario is defined by the “typical baseline fuel consumption pattern” in the population targeted.
The population targeted by the project is the population from Vatovavy Fitovinany Region. In order to establish the baseline scenario, the project proponent is carried out the following studies:
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- Baseline non-renewable biomass (NRB) assessment - Baseline survey (BS) of target population characteristics - Baseline kitchen performance tests (KPT) of wood consumption.
The implementation and results are presented below.
(c) GHG Emissions from Fuel Production Fuel included in the baseline calculation is mainly biomass (more than 90%); therefore, GHG emissions during the production of fuels are not considered. This is because of the difficulty and likely inaccuracies in calculation of production and transportation emissions. Additionally, GHG emissions due to fuel transportation are not considered to maintain conservativeness. Furthermore, in large part these emissions would occur regardless of the project activity.
B.4.1. Baseline non-renewable biomass assessment
The fractional non-renewability of biomass (fNRB) for Madagascar has been estalished as 72% by the 67th meeting of CDM Executive Board’s (see Annex 22 of the CDM Executive Board’s 67th meeting report) 20 . This value will be used for the calculation of emission reductions. If the Executive Board of the CDM updates this value in future, the updated value will be used.
B.4.2. Baseline survey
A baseline survey was conducted to provide information on target population, baseline technology used, fuel consumption, leakage, and sustainable development indicators. Vatovavy Fitovinany Region has six districts that are relatively homogeneous as far as household cooking practices are concerned. The baseline survey was conducted in Mangarivotra, Ankarimbelo village, Ambatoharanana Ikongo village and Ambolomadinika village, all in Ikongo district. The fuel use patterns if the Ikongo district are relatively representative of the other five districts in the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region.
Data Collection The data collection was carried out by TANDAVANALA officers and managers with assistance of Fair Climate Network Southern Africa. All of them are familiar with the local structures and surroundings. Before collecting the data, the Field Officers participated in a one-day training course that included a brief introduction to the project activity, objective of the surveys as well as guidance on how to collect the data. A total of 58 interviews were conducted.
These data collected are specific to the characteristics of the baseline scenario and gather the following information: - Households characteristics ID and name of the user Address, telephone number and GPS coordinates of the household - Kitchen and cooking habits Number of people served by the baseline technology Typical baseline technology usage patterns and tasks (commercial, institutional, domestic, etc…) Types of baseline technology used and estimated frequency - Household energy and supply Types of fuels used and estimated quantities or costs Sources of fuels (purchased or hand-collected, etc.) and prices paid or effort made (e.g. walking distances, persons collecting, opportunity cost)
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Findings The main findings of the survey is that as far as energy use for cooking, households within the target population are relatively homogenous and no cluster has to be distinguished.
The main source of family income is agriculture and livestock. The average number of people in households is 5. The maximum number of persons in the household is 12 people. Households usually prepare 03 meals a day. Livestock producers (pig) corresponding to 5% of the households cook 04 times a day as they cook food for livestock. The person in charge of the kitchen varies from one household to another. However, for 41% of households, woman takes care of the kitchen; and for 15% of households, the eldest daughter who prepares the kitchen. 30% of the interviewed families prepare meals in a kitchen inside the house, 51% have a small kitchen separately from the house; and only 19% prepare the meal in the open air. 90% of households cook daily meals for the family itself; only 10% are cooking for both the family and the small restaurant. Each household usually use two traditional open fires with three stones or a metal triangle supporting the pot.
For 95% of households, collected wood fuels are for cooking only. 5% of households use it for ironing clothes in addition to cooking. 53% of households buy firewood for cooking, 13% of households are supplied exclusively by collecting wood near or in the forest; 32% of households do both collect and purchase of wood. The fact that more than half of the respondents usually buy wood and more than 80% sometimes buy wood indicated that local, easily availably wood resources are exhausted. This is an important indicator that the current levels of wood use are unsustainable. The sites where firewood is collected from are usually near forest relics, on wooded grassland and on the outskirts of the forest. The distance to the place where wood is collected is on average less than 2km.
Households that buy wood typically do so daily. A household composed by 3 to 4 people buys a bundle of firewood 600 ariary (0.21 USD) per day; while a household of 08 people spend up to 1000 Ariary (0.36 USD) per day. The weight of a bundle of firewood is average 15kg and cost 600 Ariary.
The results from the baseline survey confirm that the target population is homogeneous as far as the use of traditional open cooking fires and wood fuel is concerned.
B.4.3. Kitchen performance test
Collection of data The Kitchen Performance Tests were performed in 30 households from the villages of Ankarimbelo village, Ambatoharanana Ikongo village and Ambolomadinika village. A team of field officers and managers from Tandavanala did the data collection.
Kitchen Performance Tests was done using paired tests to obtain measurement of real reductions in wood consumption in the field. That means that for every household, wood use is measured for a period of three days in the absence of a Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove to represent the baseline scenario. The family is then provided with a new Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove and asked to use the stove. Wood use is then measured for a three-day period with the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove. This represents the project scenario. Wood savings due to the project activity is calculated as the difference in wood use between the baseline and project scenarios taking into account the number of meals cooked and the number of persons present.
Each test is conducted over 7 full days, requiring daily household’s visits:
1 day to visit the participating households in order to explain the purposes of the test 3 days that where the existing cooking practices are measured
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3 days where only the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena improved cook stove is used and measured.
Participant households comply with these characteristics:
- Have agreed to completely discontinue usage of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove for 3 consecutive days for baseline stove testing purposes - Solely use wood fuel for cooking, and agree to do this during the test as well
This test also includes information about the number of people served by the cook stove.
Results Results were obtained for 30 households, 4 outliers were identified and removed. The mean wood consumption was 6.09545 kg wood/day. The standard deviation was 2.2248. The wood saving due to the use of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove was 2.11 tons of wood per household per year (baseline fuel consumption, project fuel)
B.5. Demonstration of additionality
The project activity is the manufacture, distribution and sale of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove. The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena improved cook stoves uses less fuelwood (non-renewable biomass) compared to the traditional stove, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, a reduction in the GHG emissions is associated to the project.
The methodology “Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption – 11/04/2011” requires to prove that the project is additional or would not take place without the presence of carbon finance.
The Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality (version 07.0.021) is used to demonstrate the additionality associated to the project. In addition, the Guidelines for objective demonstration and assessment of barriers, EB 50, Annex 13 (version 01) is taken into account.
The following steps were undertaken:
Pre-announcement
The project has never been announced to be implemented in the absence of the carbon finance since the project activity cannot conceivable be undertaken without revenues carbon finance instruments such as from VERs.
Step 1: Identification of alternatives to the project activity that is consistent with current laws and regulations:
The guidance followed requires that the following alternatives must be included: - The proposed project activity undertaken without being registered as a GS project activity - Other realistic and credible alternative scenario (that have been implemented previously or are currently being introduced in the relevant country) - Continuation of the current situation
Sub-step 1.a: Define alternatives to the project activity
By default the following two alternatives are to be considered:
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The implementation of the proposed Tandavanala TsinjoHarena project activity undertaken without being registered as a GS project activity. Continuation of the current situation, meaning continuation of the use of traditional three- stone stoves.
National statistics will be used to derive other realistic and credible alternative scenarios. According to the Global Alliance for Clean Cook stoves22, the following statistics have been established for Madagascar:
Description Percentage Population using solid fuels for cooking 98% Population using wood for cooking 81.7 0% Population using dung for cooking 0.00% Population using charcoal for cooking 17.4% Population using coal for cooking 0.00% Population using kerosene for cooking 0.1% Population using gas for cooking 0.3% Population using electricity for cooking 0.2% Population using other fuels for cooking 0.3%
It is assumed that the credible and realistic alternatives are those presenting an implementation percentage higher than 1% to be considered relevant in the country, that provide services (here, energy for cooking) comparable with the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena project. Following this criterion, only cooking using charcoal qualified. In addition to this, two other technologies are also considered. Thus, the following alternatives are considered:
1. Cooking using charcoal 2. Cooking using kerosene 3. Cooking using biogas
Biogas is included as a new technology that is used elsewhere.
The different alternatives are discussed further under Step 3 (Barrier Analysis).
Outcome of step 1a: All the alternative scenarios mentioned above are credible alternatives to the project activity. To summarize, the alternative scenarios considered are the following:
(a) The implementation of the proposed Tandavanala TsinjoHarena project activity undertaken without being registered as a GS project activity. (b) Continuation of the current situation, meaning continuation of the use of traditional three- stone fires. (c) Cooking using charcoal (d) Cooking using kerosene (e) Cooking using gas
Sub-step 1.b: Consistency with mandatory laws and regulations In Madagascar, there is no law or regulation that applies to the efficiency of cooking stoves or that requires the use of efficient stoves, and none is expected to be introduced during the project. Furthermore, there is no law or regulation that forbids the use of the fuel involved in the different alternatives proposed.
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Thus, all alternatives comply with all mandatory applicable legislation and regulations.
Outcome of step 1b: None of the five alternatives contravene mandatory laws and regulations. All these alternatives are consistent with mandatory laws and regulations.
Step 2: Investment analysis Since a barrier analysis is conducted, the investment analysis is not required by the “Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality, version 07.0.0”. It can be noted however the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena is provided to end users at a price below it net production cost.
Step 3: Barrier analysis
This step is conducted in order to determine whether the proposed project activity faces barriers that: - Prevent the implementation of this type of proposed project activity, and - Do not prevent the implementation of at least one of the alternatives
Sub-step 3a: Identify barriers that would prevent the implementation of the proposed Gold Standard project activity This step is conducted in order to establish if there are realistic and credible barriers that would prevent the implementation of the proposed project activity from being carried out if the project was not registered as a Gold Standard activity.
The following barriers are included: (a) Investment barriers (b) Technological barriers (c) Lack of capacity barrier (d) Barrier due to prevailing practice
(a) Investment/financial barrier As presented earlier, the costs of producing and distributing the stoves exceeds the revenue generated from their sale. They are bought at around $12 from the artisan, and sold at 5000A to the households. Thus, the project generates no financial return without the carbon financing. It is the specific design of the project to sell stoves at a price that is affordable to all rural households. The average income per day in rural areas in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region is about USD 1.2323 per household. The ability of households to pay for the stove is considerably constrained by such very low income levels. A large proportion of the population would therefore not be able to purchase the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove without the carbon finance.
(b) Technological barrier There is no any other previous CDM or greenhouse gas reduction project in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region similar to the proposed project. The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove has been developed in cooperation by TANDAVANALA and the artisans in Fianarantsoa that both also trained the employees producing the stoves. During the first year of the project, 12 metal sheet fabricators, 8 assemblers and 5 casuals were trained by the producer to manufacture the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove.
In baseline surveys no households were found to have an improved firewood cook stove prior to the implementation of the project. This can be attributed to the lack of qualified personnel to build the stoves, as the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove is a “rocket type” stove that requires specialized expertise for its production. Especially, the dimensions of the stove are crucial for its
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Thus, the adoption of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove faces a technological barrier due to the lack of qualified personnel for its construction.
(c) Lack of technical capacity No similar business or project exists in the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region. Lack of business development capacity, financial capital, technical training and information in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region pose a significant barrier to widespread the adoption of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove without the project.
Moreover, as explained above, there is also a lack of artisans for the construction and repair of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove within the project area, which is a barrier for the promotion of the stove
(d) Barrier due to prevailing practice According to Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, 98 % of the population use solid fuel for cooking and 81.7% uses firewood for cooking. No evidence has come to the fore on the penetration of improved cook stoves in the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region. It is unlikely that the rocket stove’s penetration rate would be much larger in this region than its adoption at the national level, which is very low. Moreover the baseline survey showed that none of the households who were interviewed had an improved cookstove. Therefore the TsinjoHarena can be classified as "first of its kind" following the definition of the TPDDTEC methodology24. It therefore faces the barrier of prevailing practice.
Outcome of Sub-step 3a: The following barriers would prevent the implementation of the proposed project, which thus is additional:
- Investment barrier, as the Gold Standard actually enabled the financing of the project. - Technological barrier, as there is a lack of qualified personnel for the construction of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stoves - Lack of Capacity barrier, as the conditions that will enable the widespread use of similar stoves are not present - Barrier due to prevailing practice, as the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove is first of it’s kind in the target area.
Sub-step 3.b: Show that the identified barriers would not prevent the implementation of at least one of the alternatives (except the proposed project activity).
This step is conducted in order to demonstrate that the previous barriers do not prevent the implementation of at least one of the alternatives proposed. Any alternative that would be prevented by the barriers identified above is not a viable alternative and shall be eliminated from consideration.
(a) Continuation of the current situation, meaning continuation of the use of traditional three-stone stoves
The barriers discussed above do not affect the continuation of the current situation:
- No investment barrier: households already own a three-stone stove or can easily build one, so there is no need of an initial investment
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- No technological barrier: the know-how to build a three-stone stove is traditionally available - No lack of capacity barrier: the three-stones are easily affordable for the households, there is no need of technical expertise to acquire them and no need of promotion off this stove as it the traditional stove - No barrier due to prevailing practice: the three-stone is the current situation.
(b) Cooking using charcoal
According to the Global Alliance for Clean Cook stoves 17.4% of the population in Madagascar use charcoal for cooking. Compared to the statistics for wood fuel, this proportion is relatively low. The baseline survey showed that in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region, only approximately 12% of the households use charcoal as their main energy carrier for cooking. This is not a big deviation from the national data given by Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. One of the reasons is that unlike fuel wood, which can be collected, all charcoal must be purchased.
The households willing to cook using charcoal must invest in a charcoal stove and must buy charcoal. However, we saw that the level of poverty and the low incomes per household prevent them from investing in stoves. Unlike the use of firewood, which can be gathered sometimes for free, and an open fire, that requires no financial investment, the use of charcoal requires a capital investment and on-going running costs. Thus, there is a significant investment barrier that affects especially low-income households.
No technological barrier is to be found: 17.4% of the population in Madagascar use charcoal for cooking, the know-how to build charcoal stove is available. No lack of capacity barrier is to be found either: the technical expertise and the promotion of the charcoal stove are not needed; it is a well-known stove, which use is only prevented because of its cost.
This scenario does not face a barrier due to prevailing practice because even though they are not the majority, there is a well-establish consumer base that uses this technology.
(c) Cooking using kerosene
According to the Global Alliance for Clean Cook stoves, only 0.1% of the population in Madagascar use kerosene for cooking. Compared to the statistics for wood fuel, this proportion is very low. This is mainly because of the price of kerosene (about 1 $ per litre), which is higher than the price of wood.
The main barrier for this scenario is the investment barrier. Like the scenario with charcoal, no technological or lack of capacity barriers have been identified.
This scenario is not the prevailing practice because the current situation is mainly the use of the traditional three-stone stoves.
(d) Cooking using biogas
Biogas is methane rich gas produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. It can be generated from animal and kitchen wastes, as well as some crop residues. For cooking and other thermal household tasks, biogas can be used directly in conventional low-pressure gas burners. In rural communities, small-scale digesters can provide biogas for single-household cooking and lighting. There is no data available on the proportion of the population using biogas in Madagascar, but this proportion is likely to be very small. The baseline survey as found no households that use biogas.
For households, cooking with biogas can be really challenging as it involves livestock keeping and investment in a biogas plant. Thus there is an investment barrier for this alternative scenario. Furthermore, a technological barrier exists, as the designs and specialised parts for such plant are
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CDM-PDD-FORM currently not available in the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region. There is also a lack of capacity barrier as we identified a lack of technical building capacity and a lack of awareness. This scenario faces a barrier due to prevailing practice, as the technology used is different from the current situation being mostly the use of the traditional three-stone stoves.
(e) Cooking using an improved stove that is not part of a project implemented as a GS-VER project
If the households in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region were to acquire a Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove without the project being implemented as a GS-VER project, they would have to pay 28,000A for a stove. Thanks to carbon finance, the price has been highly subsidized at 5000A for the first year. We saw that the income for the households in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region are low, thus not many households would afford to buy a stove at 28,000A, especially since they can make an open fire at no cost.
The baseline survey found no households with an improved cook stove. It is therefore clear that the use of an improved cook stove is not the most probable option for rural families to acquire a Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove or other improved wood stoves without carbon finance subsidies.
As underlined in the sub-step 3.a, there are strong investment, technological, lack of capacity barriers and barrier due to prevailing practice for this scenario, without carbon finance.
Outcome of Sub-step 3.b: Summary of the barriers faced by each alternative scenario:
Investment Technological Lack of Barrier due barrier barrier capacity barrier to prevailing practice Cooking with a three No barrier No barrier No barrier No barrier stones Cooking with charcoal X No barrier No barrier No barrier Cooking with kerosene X No barrier No barrier X Cooking with biogas X X X X Cooking with an X X X X Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove without the GS project
The only scenario that faces no barriers is cooking with a three-stone fire. Cooking with charcoal only faces an investment barrier for low-income households.
Step 4: Common practices analysis
The common practice analysis aims to evaluate the extent to which the proposed project type, here the implementation of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove, has already diffused in the relevant sector and region which is the Vatovavy Fitovinany region.
The baseline survey shows that the vast majority of the households in the project area are still using open cooking fires. The project activity can be considered "first-of-its-kind" since national reports shows that project technology has been adopted by less than 5% of the population, which is below the threshold of 20% required by the applied GS methodology for "first-of-its-kind".
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Calculate applicable capacity or output range as +/-50% of the total design capacity or output of the proposed project activity Technologies in the baseline scenario deliver less than 20kW per technology. Research by Aprovecho Research Centre estimated the thermal output of a three stone stove (open fire) at 7.50kW, a 5L Portable rocket stove with skirt (improved cook stove) has an output of 5.00kW and a large 45L institutional stove has an output of less than 20kW per unit.
Identify similar projects (both CDM and non-CDM) No project exists that: (a) are located in the target area, and (b) apply the same measure as the proposed project activity, and (c) use the same energy source/fuel and feedstock as the proposed project activity, and (d) produce goods and services with comparable quality, properties and applications areas as the project plant, and (e) whose capacity or output is within the applicable capacity or output range calculated in Step 1, and (f) started commercial operation before the project design document (CDM-PDD) was published for global stakeholder consultation or before the start date of proposed project activity.
Nall = 0
Identify those that apply technologies that are different to the technology applied in the proposed project activity No projects that apply technologies that are different to the technologies applied to the proposed project.
Ndiff = 0
Calculate factor F=1-Ndiff/Nall representing the share of similar projects using a measure/technology similar to the measure/technology used in the proposed project activity that deliver the same output or capacity as the proposed project activity.
F = 1 – Ndiff/Nall F = 1 – NA F = NA
The proposed project activity is a “common practice” within a sector in the applicable geographical area if the factor F is greater than 0.2 and Nall-Ndiff is greater than 3 The proposed project activity is not “common practice” because F is not greater than 0.2 and
Nall – Ndiff is not greater than 3.
Nall – Ndiff = 0 – 0 = 0
Outcome of step 4: Thus, it is evident that improved cook stoves projects without revenue from verified emission reductions are not a common practice. In view of this, the project activity is not a common practice project, the project is therefore additional.
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Prior Consideration Carbon finance has been seriously considered throughout the pilot phase of the project. Tandavanala’s board decided on to end the pilot phase of the project and to start a new phase of the project that could only proceed with carbon finance. The first real action and start date of the project is 1 January 2016. Tandavanala has never publicly announced any plans to launch a new production facility, nor to operate independently without the support of carbon finance.
B.6. Emission reductions B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices
When the baseline fuel and the project fuel are the same and the baseline emission factor and project emission are considered the same, methodology allows the calculation of total GHG reductions achieved by the project activity in year y to be done as follows:
ERy = ∑b,p (Np,y* Up,y* Pp,b,y* NCVb,fuel* (fNRB,b,y* EFfuel,CO2 + EFfuel,nonCO2)) - ∑LEp,y
In the case of the proposed project the baseline fuel and the project fuel remain the same (fuelwood) and the baseline emission factor and project emission remain constant because the project activity does not bring about a change in the type or quality of the fuel used.
Emission reductions Quantities of fuel consumed in the baseline and project scenarios, Bb,y and Bp,y, respectively, are calculated as shown below. Fuel consumption is calculated (or “back-calculated” in the case of the baseline scenario)
ERy = ∑b,p (Np,y* Up,y* Pp,b,y* NCVb,fuel* (fNRB,b,y* EFfuel,CO2 + EFfuel,nonCO2)) - ∑LEp,y
∑b,p : Sum over all relevant (baseline (b) / project (p)) couples
Np,y : Cumulative number of project technology-days included in the project database for project scenario p against baseline scenario b in year y
Up,y : Cumulative usage rate for technologies in project scenario p in year y, based on cumulative adoption rate and drop off rate revealed by usage survey (fraction)
Pp,b,y : Specific fuel savings for an individual technology of project p against an individual technology of baseline b in year y, in tons/day, as derived from the statistical analysis of the data collected from the field tests
NCVb,fuel : Net calorific value of the fuel that is substituted or reduced (IPCC default for wood fuel, 0.015 TJ/ton)
fNRB,b,y : Fraction of biomass used in year y for baseline scenario b that can be established as non-renewable biomass
EFfuel, CO2: CO2 emission factor of the fuel that is substituted or reduced (112 tCO2/TJ for Wood/Wood waste)
EFfuel, non CO2 : Non-CO2 emission factor of the fuel that is reduced
∑LEp,y : Leakage for project scenario p in year y (tCO2e/yr)
Leakage (LEy)
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The methodology used for the project sets out the potential leakages that must be investigated by the project proponent. The table below assesses the risk of leakage by type.
Leakage type Estimate of risk Justification The displaced baseline technologies are reused None The displaced traditional cooking outside the project boundary in place of lower emitting practice (three-stones fire) is the technology or in a manner suggesting more usage least efficient practice, which is than would have occurred in the absence of the already the most common type of project. stove in the rural areas of Madagascar. Vatovavy Fitovinany Region. It is hard to conceive how the project will lead to increased use of the three-stone fire outside the project area because the thee stove fire is already ubiquitous and also because it is not a device as such but rather a practice. The displaced baseline technologies are reused None A three stone fire is not a device outside the project boundary in place of lower emitting that can be transferred. Therefore technology or in a manner suggesting more usage there will be no leakage impact to than would have occurred in the absence of the consider for this point. project.
The project significantly impacts the NRB fraction None There are no other CDM or VER within an area where other CDM or VER project project activities in the region activities account for NRB fraction in their baseline which account for NRB fraction in scenario. their baseline scenario
The project population compensates for loss of the None In Madagascar households rarely, space heating effect of inefficient technology by if ever, use stoves for heating as adopting some other form of heating or by retaining the lowest monthly average some use of inefficient technology. temperature is around 9°C. Therefore, it is unlikely that the project activity will result in increased use of biomass for space heating effects. Space heating has also not been recognized as an issue in similar projects in the region
The non-renewable biomass or fossil fuels saved None The baseline survey has shown under the project activity are used by non-project users that the vast majority of the who previously used lower emitting energy sources. households use firewood for cooking, and spend a lot of cash and time to gather their own fuel. Thus, there is no likelihood that the fuel saved by the project would be given for free by the project users and used by non-project users who previously used lower emitting energy sources. The project significantly impacts the NRB fraction None As the majority of households within an area where other CDM or VER projects collect wood from within the activities account for NRB fraction in their baseline project boundary, it is not scenario. expected that the NRB in other areas will be affected. Version 06.0 Page 26 of 45
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There is no known CDM or VER project in the project area. Thus, there is no likelihood that the project significantly affects another CDM or VER project activity for its NRB fraction. NRB is given by UNFCCC The project population compensates for the loss of the None It has been shown through the space heating effect of inefficient technology by baseline survey that most of the adopting some other form of heating or by retaining families did not use the traditional some use of inefficient technology. three-stones stove for space heating or lighting.
By virtue of promotion and marketing of a new None The baseline survey showed that technology with high efficiency, the project stimulates the baseline cooking practice is substitution within households who commonly used a the traditional three-stones fire, technology with relatively lower emissions, in cases which has higher emissions than where such a trend is not eligible as an evolving other cooking devices available baseline. and that the vast majority of households use a three-stones stove for cooking. Additional leakage Transport of the improved cook stoves within the Low Each Tandavanala TsinjoHarena project area stove weighs 8 kg. Tandavanala plans to deploy 240,960 stoves (for the purpose of the calculation this can conservatively be rounded to 250,000). The Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove is trucked overland from Fianarantsoa to Manakara, which is, conservatively, a 260 km journey. According to available references, trucking emissions are 450 grams per metric ton per kilometer trucked 25 . Using the most conservative value of 450 g/ton- km, this yields 234 metric tonnes of CO2. Rounding up, this is conservatively 250 VERs for the overall expected emissions from transportation of stoves over 10 years crediting period
This equates to approximately 0.001037 tonnes of CO2e per Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove distributed. This annualized leakage impact will be deducted from the VERs claimed for issuance
The potential leakage risks associated to the project are deemed very low.
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∑LE p,y = 250 tCO2e
The potential sources of leakage discussed above will be followed throughout the project period. Some leakage effects are tracked in the monitoring Kitchen Surveys and Kitchen Tests.
B.6.2. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
Data/Parameter EFfuel,CO2
Unit tCO2/TJ
Description CO2 emission factor arising from use of wood fuel that is reduced Source of data Gold Standard Methodology “Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption – 11/04/2011” Value(s) applied 112 Choice of data Default value for wood/wood waste are applied or Measurement methods and procedures Purpose of data Calculation of baseline and project emissions Additional comment -
Data / Parameter EFfuel,non-CO2 Unit tCO2e/TJ Description Non-CO2 emission factor arising from the use of wood-fuel that is reduced Source of data 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Table 2.526
Value(s) applied 8,692tCO2e/TJ(CH4: 0,3 tCH4/TJ ; N2O: 0,004 tN2O/TJ) Choice of data Default IPCC values for CH4 and N2O emissions for or wood/wood waste are applied and summed. 27 Measurement methods The following GWP (100 years) are applied: 25 for CH4 and and procedures 298 for N2O Purpose of data Calculation of baseline and project emissions Additional comment -
26 http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/french/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion .pdf 27http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html Version 06.0 Page 28 of 45
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Data / Parameter NCVb,fuel Unit TJ/tonne Description Net Calorific Value of the wood used in the baseline and project scenarios Source of data 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Value(s) applied 0,015 Choice of data IPCC default value for wood fuel or Measurement methods and procedures Purpose of data Calculation of baseline and project emissions Additional comment -
Data / Parameter fNRB,b,y Unit Percentage Description Fraction of woody biomass used during year y for baseline scenario, that can be established as non-renewable biomass Source of data See section B4 in the PDD Value(s) applied 72 Choice of data Approach A1.3 “NRB Assessment similar to approach of CDM or methodology AMS II-G version 5” was used in accordance with Measurement methods the methodology. and procedures Purpose of data Calculation of baseline and project emissions Additional comment
Data / Parameter LEp,y Unit tCO2e/year Description Leakage in project scenario during year y Source of data Baseline and monitoring surveys Value(s) applied 250 VERs over the 10 years crediting period Measurement methods Calculated from the number of stoves sold and transported and procedures during each year at 0.001037 tonnes of CO2e per Tandavanala TsinjoHarena cook stove distributed Monitoring frequency Annually QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Calculation of leakage emissions Additional comment -
B.6.3. Ex ante calculation of emission reductions In the baseline scenario, as in the project scenario, the fuel used for cooking by the households is the same: wood fuel. The baseline and project emission factors are therefore the same. Moreover, the test results from the KPT conducted comply with the 90/30 rule, meaning that the emission reductions linked to the project can be calculated on the basis of the estimated mean fuel savings per improved Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove.
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Thus, according to the methodology “Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption – 11/04/2011”, the overall GHG reductions achieved by the project activity in year y are calculated as follows:
ERy = ∑b,p (Np,y* Up,y* Pp,b,y* NCVb,fuel* (fNRB,b,y* EFfuel,CO2 + EFfuel,nonCO2)) - ∑LEp,y
There is only one baseline – project couple. That is that the baseline scenario is the use of a three- stone fire and the project scenario is the use of a Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove. There is therefore no need for the summation (∑b,p).
Since cooking is a daily activity we assumed a cumulative number of project days (Np,y) of 365 for ex-ante estimations of emissions reductions.
Since the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove is in all aspects superior to the three-stove fire a usage rate (Up,y) of 100% is used for ex-ante estimations of emissions reductions.
In the above formula, Pp,b,y (which is the mean difference in wood use between baseline and project scenarios) was calculated from the first Kitchen Test conducted in August 2014 as: 0.01165 - 0.00555 = 0.0061 t wood/day/stove.
The IPCC default value for wood fuel of 0,015 TJ/tonne is used for the net calorific value of fuel wood used in the baseline and project scenario (NCVb,fuel).
The fraction of woody biomass that can be established as non-renewable biomass (fNRB,b,y) is taken as 72% following the determination by the 67th meeting of CDM Executive Board’s (see Annex 22 of the CDM Executive Board’s 67th meeting report)28.
Following the methodology, the CO2 emission factor arising from use of wood fuel that is reduced is estimated at 112 tCO2/TJ and the non-CO2 emission factor arising from the use of wood-fuel that is reduced is 8,692 tCO2e/TJ.
Leakage due to the transport of the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena has been shown in subsection B.6.1 to be 0.0013 tCO2e per year.
Substituting the values into the equation provides the following emission reductions per stove per year:
ERy, stove = 365 * 1 * 0.0061 * 0.015 * (0.72 * 112 + 8.692) - 0.0013 = 2.98 tCO2e / stove / year
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B.6.4. Summary of ex ante estimates of emission reductions Baseline Project Emission Leakage Year emissions emissions reductions (t CO2e) (t CO2e) (t CO2e) (t CO2e) Year 2016 (April-December) 85,469 40,750 26 44,693 Year 2017 341,876 163,001 57 178,817 Year 2018 341,876 163,001 16 178,859 Year 2019 341,876 163,001 16 178,859 Year 2020 341,876 163,001 16 178,859 Year 2021 341,876 163,001 24 178,850 Year 2022 341,876 163,001 34 178,840 Year 2023 341,876 163,001 21 178,854 Year 2024 341,876 163,001 21 178,854 Year 2025 341,876 163,001 21 178,854 Year 2026 (January-March) 63,558 30,303 - 33,254 Total 3,225,909 1,538,065 250 1,687,594 Total number of crediting 10 years Annual average over the 322,591 153,807 25 168,759 crediting period
B.7. Monitoring plan
The objective of the monitoring is to make a reliable estimate of the parameters needed to calculate emission reductions.
In accordance with the methodology, the following monitoring actions will be executed:
Actions carried out before the commencement of the project Baseline survey (BS) of target population characteristics Initial Kitchen Performance Test (KPT) representing the baseline and project scenario
Actions carried out after the commencement of the project Total Sales Record and Project Database (updated continuously) Monitoring Survey (annual structured household interviews) Usage Survey (annual structured household interviews) Kitchen Performance Test to update baseline and project fuel use (done biennially) Leakage Assessment (calculated annually from the sales record)
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B.7.1. Data and parameters to be monitored
Data/Parameter Pp,b,y Unit t /stove/day Description Quantity of wood that is saved for an individual technology of project p against an individual technology of baseline b in year y, Source of data Kitchen Performance Tests Value(s) applied 0,0061 Measurement Following the methodology “Technologies and Practices to Displace methods and Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption – 11/04/2011”, Pp,b,y is procedures determined using the KPT protocol, included in the Annex 4 of the methodology, performed biennially by the TANDAVANALA Quality, control and Monitoring Manager on a representative sample of stove users taken from the Project database. The sampling methodology is detailed in section B.7.2 of the PDD. The sample size will be selected so that use of the point estimator of the mean is justified because the data complies with the 90/30 rule. Monitoring Every two years frequency QA/QC procedures The data collection is carried out by Field Officers from TANDAVANALA previously trained in performing Kitchen Performance Tests. KPT will be supervised and checked by TANDAVANALA Quality control and Monitoring Manager. The sample size of stove users shall be chosen for a 90/30 precision (90% confidence interval and 30% margin of error). In cases where the result indicates that 90/30 precision is not achieved, the lower limit of 90% confidence interval for the 30% error margin for the parameter value will be chosen as an alternative to repeating the survey efforts to achieve the 90/30 precision. Purpose of data Calculation of baseline and project emissions Additional comment There is only one project technology namely the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove and only one baseline cooking practice namely cooking on an open fire
Data / Parameter Up,y Unit Fraction Description Cumulative usage rate for technologies in project scenario p in year y, based on cumulative adoption rate and drop off rate Source of data Usage survey Value(s) applied 1 Measurement Survey will be conducted every year on a representative sample of methods and stove users taken from the Sales database. The sampling procedures methodology is described in section B.7.2 Monitoring Annually frequency QA/QC procedures The data collection is handled by field officer(s) from TANDAVANALA. The survey will also be supervised and checked by TANDAVANALA Quality control and Monitoring Manager. Purpose of data Calculation of baseline and project emissions Additional comment Monitoring survey and usage survey will be conducted at the same time and on the same representative sample
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Data / Parameter Np,y Unit Number Description Number of Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stoves in operation in year y Source of data Total sales record Value(s) applied Indicative schedule as outlined in section A.3 of the PDD period Number of stoves in operation 2016 20,000 2017 60,000 2018 60,000 2019 60,000 2020 60,000 2021 60,000 2022 60,000 2023 60,000 2024 60,000 2025 60,000 2026 44,618
Measurement methods TANDAVANALA Operation Coordinator shall maintain a sales and procedures record. The total number of stoves in operation during year y is tracked in the project record database Monitoring frequency Continuous QA/QC procedures The TANDAVANALA Operation Coordinator updates this parameter on an on-going basis. Purpose of data Calculation of baseline and project emissions Additional comment -
B.7.2. Sampling plan The sampling plan for the monitored parameters follows the “Standard for sampling and surveys for CDM projects activities and programme of activities” (EB69, Annex 4) and the “Guidelines for Field Performance tests of energy saving devices and kitchen performance tests, v.12-4-2011. The sample frame, sampling methods and sample size for the baseline survey, monitoring survey, usage survey and kitchen performance test is discussed below.
Sample frame
Baseline survey The sample frame for the baseline survey was all households living in the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region.
Monitoring survey and usage survey The sample frame for the annual of monitoring survey is all households on the project database.
Usage Survey The usage survey is used to determine the usage rate (Up,y). The sample frame for the usage survey is all stoves that have been sold as recorded in the sales record and on the project database.
Initial Kitchen Performance Test The sample frame for the initial Kitchen Performance Test conducted during the project design phase was households in Ankarimbelo village who used the Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove.
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The sample frame for the Kitchen Performance Test to be conducted biennually is all stove users on the project database.
Sampling method
Baseline survey There are six districts of the Vatovavy Fitovinany Region. These districts are Ifanadiana, Ikongo, Mananjary, Manakara, Vohipeno, and Nosy Varika. These districts are relatively homogeneous as far as household cooking practices are concerned. Ikongo district was selected for the baseline survey because of its proximity to the forest corridor. The second sampling level is the villages in each district. The following villages in Ikongo District chosen: Ankarimbelo village, Ambatoharanana Ikongo village, and Ambolomadinika village
Within these villages field officers entered into the household compound at will and interviewed those who were willing to be interviewed and skipped those who were not interested. A total of 58 interviews were completed and captured.
Initial Kitchen Performance Test The same sample approach that was used for the baseline survey was also employed for the initial kitchen performance test. A paired sample design was followed for the kitchen test. That means that for each household a measurement for the baseline and the project scenario was obtained.
Biennial Kitchen Performance Test Clustered random sampling will be used for the biennial kitchen performance test with clusters defined by all the villages represent on the project database. Within each cluster, systematic or simple random sampling will be used to select households. A paired sample design will also be followed in this case. Measurement representative of the baseline and the project scenario will be obtained from every household.
Monitoring survey and usage survey Clustered random sampling will be used for the biennial kitchen performance test with clusters defined by all the villages represent on the project database. Within each cluster the sample frame will be stratified into age groups and simple random sampling will be used to select households within each stratum.
Usage survey A multi-stage sample will be employed for the usage survey. On the first level records of stoves on the project database will be stratified by year. The year-groups will then be clustered into villages. Villages will be selected through simple random sampling. Within each village, households will be selected using simple random sampling.
Sample size
Baseline and monitoring survey The methodology requires the baseline survey to use representative sampling, applying the following guidelines for minimum sample size:
- group size < 300: Minimum sample size 30 or population size, whichever is smaller - group size 300 to 1000: Minimum sample size 10% of group size - group size > 1000: Minimum sample size 100
The project aims to distribute 60,000 operational Tandavanala TsinjoHarena, in all districts in Vatovavy Fitovinany Region. Thus, the minimum sample size required by the methodology is at
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The sample size for the annual monitoring survey will be 100 for the first year. In subsequent years, as stoves of different ages become part of the sample frame, the sample size will increase because the sample must then be stratified by age of stove. The guidelines above will be followed for every stratum.
Initial Kitchen Performance Test The methodology provides guidelines to define the sample size of the kitchen performance test, based on the calculation of a Coefficient of Variation (COV). Sample size must be sufficient to ensure the reliability required that is to say the precision/confidence level of 90/30. A minimum sampling size of 30 households is recommended.
As mentioned above, the tests conducted are based on paired samples (households sampled in the baseline and the project situation are the same). To comply with the 90/30 statistical rule29, the sample size is chosen depending on the calculation of the COV. The COV was calculated on the fuel consumption from the first kitchen performance tests conducted in August 2014.
According to the guidelines provided by the methodology “Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption – 11/04/2011”, the calculation of the estimation of the sampling size for the project follows the equation bellow:
2 푡 푁 ∗ ( 푒 ∗ 푐푣) n > 100 2 푡 (푁 + ( 푒 ∗ 푐푣) ) 100
Where: N = Total sampling size t = Value from the t-distribution corresponding to confidence level (deducted from confidence requirement: t = 1.6449 for a confidence requirement of 90% and 19999 degrees of freedom); e = Precision (e=30 in this case); cv Coefficient of variation = σ / µ estimated by s / 푥̅ σ = Standard deviation estimated by the sample standard deviation s µ = Expected value of the mean of the parameter studied. This is estimated by the sample mean 푥̅
The required sample size depends on the standard deviation and the mean value expected. For subsequent test, these values will be estimated from the first kitchen performance tests that took place in August 2014. For the initial tests, only 10 households were used. In retrospect, this proved to be adequate.
For the initial tests, we obtained the following values: N = 60000 s = 2.2248 (mean value recorded among 30 tests, 4 outliers were identified);
29 The 90/30 rule allows to calculate emission reductions on the basis of the estimated MEAN (or average) fuel saved by introduction of the improved stove in one kitchen. The test results comply with the 90/30 rule if the endpoints of the 90% confidence interval lie within +/- 30% of the estimated mean. Version 06.0 Page 35 of 45
CDM-PDD-FORM m = 6.09545 CV = 0.365 e / 100 = 0.3 (t / 0.3 * cv)^2 = 4.0049
Thus, we calculate:
Case 1: for 20000 stoves - year 1 ny1 > = (20000 * 4.0049) / (20000 + 4.0049) ny ≈ 5
Case 2: for 60000 stoves - year 2 to 10 ny2-10 > = (60000 * 4.0049)/ (60000 + 4.0049) ny2-10 ≈ 5
In both cases, the sampling size is estimated around 5. However, the methodology recommends a minimum sample size of 30. A sample size of 30 will therefore be used.
Biennial Kitchen Performance test According to the TPDDTEC Version 2.0, after carrying out the baseline and project fuel consumption test (Kitchen Performance Test (KPT)) to estimate the fuel saving prior to first issuance; the project fuel consumption will be updated by carrying out the biennial project KPTs to account for changes in the project scenario over time as project technologies age. The default sample size for the biennial kitchen performance test will be 30 except if the variability of the data, as expressed by the coefficient of variation, increases to the extent that a larger sample size is required.
Usage survey
Following to the methodology “Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption” Version 2.0 for clean cookstove activities- 24/04/15”, the minimum total sample size will be 100, with at least 30 samples for the stoves of each age being credited.
B.7.3. Other elements of the monitoring plan The values of the parameters required for ex-post ER calculation listed are collected through the following activities: Total Sales Record and Project Database (updated continuously) Monitoring Survey (annual structured household interviews) Usage Survey (annual structured household interviews) Kitchen Performance Test to update baseline and project fuel use (done biennially) Aging Test Approach for project fuel updates, according to the TPDDTEC Version 2.0,
Total Sales Record and Project Database. A total sales record and project database will be kept up to date throughout the crediting period. The total sales record is a record of all transactions including details of the purchaser while the project database contains records originating from the total sales record of stoves that are still potentially operational. Each stove will be provided with a unique serial number during the manufacturing phase, which will prevent any double-counting with other cookstove projects. This will be achieved by sealing the metal outer layer of each Tandavanala TsinjoHarena stove with a serial code in the following format:
Districts Municipalities Serial number Manakara Sorombo 15 THW XXXXX1 Ikongo Ankarimbelo 15 THW XXXXX2
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Mananjary Tsaravary 15 THW XXXXX3
This permanent inscription ensures that no confusions arise with other projects.
Tandavanala TsinjoHarena units will be sold to domestic and/or institutional end-users. The Total Sales Record will consist of a record of Tandavanala TsinjoHarena units sold. A record will exist for every stove sold. Data is captured at the time of sale when the beneficiary agreement will also be signed. At least the following will be recorded:
Date of sale Place of sale Mode of use e.g. domestic Tandavanala TsinjoHarena unique serial number Quantity of TsinjoHarena units sold/distributed Name and telephone number (if available) and address (exact or approximate)
Data will be stored for the whole crediting period, plus two additional years.
Project database
The Project database is derived from the Total Sales Record Database and used to calculate the emission reductions. It is continuously updated to remove the stoves aged beyond their useful lifetime, as established in the usage survey. These stoves are no longer credited.
Monitoring survey
The monitoring survey investigates changes over time in the project scenario by surveying end- users with project technology on an annual basis. It provides year-on-year trends in user characteristics such as technology use or fuel consumption.
The monitoring survey will only be conducted with users representative of the project scenario are using the project technology at the time of the survey.
The project proponent is responsible for accurate and transparent record keeping, monitoring and evaluation. All supporting documentation and records for the project will be easily accessible for spot checking and cross referencing by a third party.
The contact information in the total sales record will allow a project auditor to easily contact and visit end users. Auditors will be able to cross reference pertinent project documentation, which will include archives such as production records (i.e. materials purchased, internal logs…) financial accounts and sales records, as well as wholesale customer invoices, observations of retailer activities and sales performance. Aging Test Approach for project fuel updates, The revision of TPDDTEC introduces an alternative method to biennial project KPTs to update project fuel consumption. In that case, we will monitor the degradation in the performance of cookstove efficiency following the Water Boiling Test and accordingly adjust the project fuel consumption level. For the Aging Test approach, the following steps will be applied:
a. Determine the efficiency of the project cookstove: The Water Boiling Test will determine the thermal efficiency of the project cookstove along with the project KPTs prior to first issuance. The efficiency of the project cookstove shall be determined in the field or laboratory, following the latest version of Water Boling Test protocol, by an independent expert which is the National Center of Industrial and Technological Research. Version 06.0 Page 37 of 45
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Sample selection for this annual efficiency monitoring: Sample selection following the Guidelines for sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and programme of activities For this project, the activities involve progressive installation so that the stratified random sampling approach shall be followed.
b. Monitor the degradation in the efficiency of project cookstove: The degradation in the efficiency of the cookstove shall be monitored annually by carrying out the WBT in the field or laboratory by the independent expert.
Double counting Since there are other improved stoves being sold in Madagascar, there is a risk of potential double counting or including improved cook stoves from other organizations into this carbon project.
There are three major actions that will ensure that there is no double counting:
i) Tandavanala adds a serial number to all stoves produced, these serial numbers are kept in a database; ii) The stoves from Tandavanala look physically different from the other improved cook stoves in the market, making it easy to recognize them; iii) Tandavanala will only account for the improved cook stoves coming out of their factory, thus removing the risk that other improved cook stoves may be double counted.
Leakage assessment
Even though the leakage risks are so low, a biennial leakage assessment will be conducted to review and possible update the leakage assessment presented above.
Non-Renewable Biomass Assessment Update
The non-renewable biomass fraction is fixed based on value published by the CDM Executive Board. In the event that the CDM Executive Board updates this value, is will also be done for the project.
B.8. Date of completion of application of methodology and standardized baseline and contact information of responsible persons/ entities
The date of completion of study on application of the selected methodology(ies): 10/03/04
Date of completion of KPT: 17/05/14
Contact information of the person(s)/ entity(ies) responsible for the application of the selected methodology(ies) – baseline survey and KPT:
RAKOTONARIVO Rinah Zo, Carbon project coordinator, TANDAVANALA NGO, [email protected], +26134 05 158 54
This person is not a project participant
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SECTION C. Duration and crediting period
C.1. Duration of project activity
C.1.1. Start date of project activity The start date of the project is 1/1/2016. Date when the first project stove was manufactured and distributed.
C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of project activity The project lifetime is expected to be 10 years. As long as there is demand for improved cook stoves in Madagascar and Tandavanala remains financially viable, the business will remain open which is expected to be more than 10 years.
C.2. Crediting period of project activity
C.2.1. Type of crediting period Fixed
C.2.2. Start date of crediting period The start date of the crediting period is 1/1/2016, or 2 years before date of registration dependent on which is the later date.
C.2.3. Length of crediting period The crediting period lasts 10 years.
SECTION D. Environmental impacts
D.1. Analysis of environmental impacts Since negative environmental impacts of the project are neither expected by the project participants nor by the host country, and an environmental impact assessment is not required by the host part regulations. In contrast, the project will have positive environmental impacts, such as improvement of indoor air quality and forest protection.
D.2. Environmental impact assessment Madagascar does not require an Environmental Impact Assessment for the installation of efficient stoves. Based on the arguments, an environmental impact assessment will not be conducted for the project.
SECTION E. Local stakeholder consultation
E.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders See Gold Standard Passport for more details
E.2. Summary of comments received See Gold Standard Passport for more details
E.3. Report on consideration of comments received See Gold Standard Passport for more details
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SECTION F. Approval and authorization This section is not applicable as the project is a Voluntary Gold Standard Project
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Appendix 1. Contact information of project participants and responsible persons/ entities
Organization name Tandavanala CMP Street/P.O.Box 1099 Building Besorohitra City Fianarantsoa State/Region Postcode 301Fianarantsoa Country Madagascar Telephone +261 20 75 516 58 Fax E-mail [email protected] Website www.tandavanala.org Contact person Tiana Manatsoa Title Executive Director Salutation Mr Last name Manantsoa Middle name First name Tiana Department Projects Mobile Direct fax Direct tel. +261 20 75 516 58 Personal e-mail
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Organization name Fair Climate Network Southern Africa Street/P.O.Box 13 Beuke Place, Building The Willows, Ext 14 City Pretoria State/Region South Africa Postcode 0014 Country South Africa Telephone +27 (0)12 807 7991/ Fax +27 (0)86 538 7958/ E-mail [email protected] Website www.fairclimateafrica.com Contact person Nôra Badenhorst Title Salutation Me Last name Badenhorst Middle name First name Nôra Department Mobile +27(0)72 146 3633 Direct fax +27 (0)86 538 7958/ Direct tel. +27(0)44 695 0749 Personal e-mail [email protected]
Appendix 2. Affirmation regarding public funding
Signed ODA declaration below:
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Appendix 3. Applicability of methodology and standardized baseline
Not applicable
Appendix 4. Further background information on ex ante calculation of emission reductions
Not applicable
Appendix 5. Further background information on monitoring plan
Not applicable
Appendix 6. Summary of post registration changes
Not applicable
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