FEBRUARY 2011 2 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE February 2011 Volume 23 Number 2

Features

6 6 Securing Vancouver’s waterfront for a century

8 Winning over the Olympic crowd was no accident

16 Training for trauma Part 3

22 The challenges of moving into management Part 2: What Canadian police really say about moving into management

33 Supply & Service Guide 2011

Departments

62 Blue Links Ad Directory 28 Deep Blue 8 30 Dispatches 60, 61 Market Place 5 Publisher’s Commentary 51 Odditorials 34 48 Technology Supply Case Law Service uide 57 De facto arrest arbitrary, evidence excluded G 2011 58 Only reasonable grounds needed for arrest & 59 Police can search vehicle for ID

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 3 FEBRUARY 2011 FEBRUARY 2011 4 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE PUBLISHER’S COMMENTARY Blue Line by Morley Lymburner Magazine Inc.

PUBLISHER Morley S. Lymburner - [email protected]

GENERAL MANAGER Mary K. Lymburner - [email protected] The many

SENIOR EDITOR Mark Reesor - [email protected] roads to

CREATIVE DIRECTOR E. Jolene Lymburner - [email protected] law & order

CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Mike Novakowski Mark Giles There are many roads to Mecca, the while waiting for them to arrive, divided up Robert Lunney ancient saying goes. the forms between us. When the trucks were James Clark Seeking out and sustaining a safe and lined up I advised John to approach the lot Dorothy Cotton orderly community is not accomplished by owner on foot. Dave Brown using only one method or process, a principle As expected, he received a considerable Tom Rataj well understood by those experienced in the amount of invective and he turned away and enforcement side of the legal profession. I simply waved at me. I was parked a short dis- AFFILIATIONS say “experienced” because new recruits are tance down the road and arrived quickly with International Association of often not trained in some of the more subtle two tow trucks, which immediately backed up Law Enforcement Planners aspects of keeping an orderly society. This over the sidewalk and hooked two vehicles. Canadian Advertising Rates Data requires street experience and a willingness The lot owner and a salesman ran out, International Police Association to think and act outside the box on occasion. complaining wildly. I simply looked up at The Canadian Press Newswire I have an example, of course. them as I was writing out my impound report Access Copyright “John” (his real name is close to that but and pointed to the bylaw officer. He was of East Indian origin) was a hard working, busy filling out his own impound report and conscientious bylaw enforcement officer. simply advised that he had warned them this SUBSCRIPTIONS They were also locally known as “Green day was coming. The vehicles were currently $30 per year; $50 for 2yrs; US & Foreign: $100 Hornets.” He had been given a rather hard nut in the custody of the tow truck drivers, he to crack and asked for help to find a solution. explained, and they would have to negotiate ADVERTISING He walked an area in the city known for with them. 888-640-3048 [email protected] its used car lots. There were no fewer than What followed was a circus of running eight in his particular beat. Although his job to the office for cash to pay the drivers their www.blueline.ca mainly involved tagging cars on the street, “drop fee.” As we had planned, John then the city was receiving many complaints of directed them to hook onto another car. It 12A-4981 Hwy7 East, Ste 254, Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Canada used car lots blocking sidewalks with their didn’t take long for the owner to realize that vehicles and parking them on the streets when he had better direct his staff to quickly grab P: 905 640 3048 F: 905 640 7547 their lots were full. the keys and move the cars. In the mean [email protected] John’s problem – the cars didn’t have li- time I ordered my reserve tow truck to hook cense plates so he couldn’t issue tags. He had another car. He pulled it onto the street, with PRINTED IN CANADA been constantly talking to the sales staff and a salesman in hot pursuit, yelling loudly to owners, asking them to move their vehicles, get the driver’s attention. Too late! It was off ISSN# 08478538 but was met with considerable derision and to the vehicle impound yard... where the fees low compliance. The situation had deterio- would be considerably higher. Blue Line Magazine was established in 1988 as an independent rated to the point where he was encountering We repeated this procedure at another lot publication to inform, entertain, connect and educate those involved abusive language and had even been ordered further down the street and the word spread in the law enforcement profession. With no direct control from an enforcement agency, its opinions do not necessarily reflect those off the property a few times. fast. For the first time in memory we could of any government or law enforcement agency. It was time for an appropriate object les- look down the street and see the sidewalks

The authors, advisors, and publisher accept no liability whatsoever son in civic responsibility. on both sides clear of vehicles. for any injuries to person(s) or property resulting from application The following morning I picked up John A quick follow-up the next day revealed of adoption of anything presented in this magazine. Readers are from his station and our morning cup of joe almost 100 per cent compliance. One week cautioned and advised that articles presented herein are edited and supplied for your personal awerness and should not be used from the usual place and talked strategy. He later John came in to my office and advised for further actions until appropriate guidance is received from a had to be seen giving the orders for the day, that he had gained new respect from the lot supervisor, Crown Attorney or other persons in authority. I told him, directing not only the tow truck owners. All material submitted for publication becomes property of Blue drivers but also myself. He was taken aback. “They actually call me sir!” he said Line Magazine Inc. unless arrangements have been made with the publisher prior to publishing. I reassured him that this was necessary to with pride. establish himself as the authority in the area. © 2011 All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this publication may be repoduced or transmitted in any form or means, A quick drive by established that every lot electronic or mechanical, (including photocopying and recording or had numerous vehicles obstructing sidewalks. by any information storage or retrieval system), without prior permis- sion. Permission to reprint may be obtained in advance from Access Armed with a briefcase full of impound report Copyright 1-800-893-5777. forms, I ordered up three tow trucks and,

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 5 FEBRUARY 2011 Securing Vancouver’s waterfront for a century by Ron Bedard maintenance issues, gangs, vessels of interest dramatic increase in crime, particularly theft and local concerns such as Sea-Doos in swim- and narcotics along the waterfront. We head swiftly under the Lions Gate ming zones and abandoned sailboats left adrift. “With a motorboat at our disposal, it would Bridge and out of the harbour. I look back The squad currently uses two high speed be possible to investigate these thefts more at the Vancouver skyline glistening in the vessels incorporating the latest technology, thoroughly with less loss of time, as we would sunlight. It has changed dramatically over the include thermal imaging cameras, surface ra- be in a better position to better cover ground past century but the harbour’s several large dar, advanced communications systems, GPS and the chances of tracking the criminal and container ports, numerous marinas, Canada’s tracking, high intensity sound transmitter and bringing them to justice would be more favora- busiest float plane base, a heliport, various powerful search lights. The technology has ble,” the chief constable argued. industries, cruise ship terminal and local transit improved but the unit’s mandate remains the “The boat could be furthermore be used Seabus route have always presented a unique same – deter illegal activity, patrol the harbour advantageously in the suppression of opium policing challenge. and provide security to those using it. smuggling as this smuggling traffic is very The Vancouver Police Department cel- Vancouver’s port didn’t always have a difficult to stamp out and it has grown to ebrates the 100th anniversary of its marine police presence. In 1910, the chief constable such proportions that it is necessary that more unit this year. It has patrolled this busy Cana- requested in his annual report that the city vigilant methods be employed.” dian commercial port since 1911 with noble buy its first police boat. The population then The new boat, named VPD 1, was bought aspirations, doing everything from enforcing was between 125,000 and 150,000. Crime had for the kingly sum of $4,712.77 (that’s about moorage or anchoring to combating terrorism increased dramatically from the previous year, $104,000 in today’s dollars). It was manned and maintaining national security. the chief constable noted, and he also asked for by a skipper and mechanic. The same year The squad was briefed before heading 50 more officers to supplement the 88 already the department was given a patrol wagon and out. Although concise, it was alive with patrolling the city. patrol car, which cost $4,000 each. The chief chatter and camaraderie and included topics Very much a frontier port town, Vancou- constable reported great success in reducing such as identifying the master of each vessel, ver was growing exponentially, leading to a opium smuggling in his next year’s report.

FEBRUARY 2011 6 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Today the marine unit concentrates on de- ensure credibility. the war, joined the VPD and was killed in the terrence and education. Tasks include writing Courses and qualifications include SVOP line of duty on October 10, 1922 pulling over tickets to promote boating safety, dealing with (small vessel operators permit), maritime a drunk driver. abandoned vessels, interagency co-operation emergency duties, maritime first aid, heavy As the unit prepares to celebrate its 100th exercises, filling gaps in national security, weather training and navigation in restricted anniversary, it proudly displays its new “chal- investigating gang use of boats, recovering the weather and numerous Transport Canada lenge coin.” Steeped in tradition and history, bodies of suicide and drowning victims, pre- exams all the way up to the mariners master like the unit, the coins date back to the First venting crime and accidents, combating small ticket, which allows the captain/officer to World War and were given to prove member- vessel thefts and crowd control during events. command vessels up to 60 tons. ship in an armed forces company, to be used Officers bring a wide-ranging level of Even with the unit’s advanced technologi- when challenged and to enhance morale; now experience to the unit, including accident cal tools, its history and link to the past is still they celebrate a unique and proudly Canadian investigation, surveillance and tactical. Each very evident. The largest vessel in the fleet police unit. member is required to spend at least five years was named the “RG McBeath” after World as a regular officer before joining the unit War One infantry man and Cst. Robert Gor- Ron Bedard is a freelance photo journalist based in Vancouver. Contact him at ronbedard66@ yahoo.com and must take specialized training to deal don McBeath, who captured several enemy for more information. with the unique maritime environment and soldiers. McBeath moved to Vancouver after

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 7 FEBRUARY 2011 Winning over the Olympic crowd was no accident by Lee Patterson Changing the mindset the glue of such a unit. Pride, stubbornness, The VPD public order co-ordinator re- anxiety and resistance to change existed during One of the pleasing and lasting memories viewed past and future deployments in 2006 the transition and had to be addressed. Some of anyone who participated in the downtown and decided historical tactics were too static senior members were lost or chose to resign. Olympic festivities is the overt and well- and did not afford the fluidity needed to par- New leaders who accepted change were de- intentioned police/public interaction: the high ticipate in complex urban disorders. The unit veloped. At times, doubt and second-guessing fives, smiles and photographs. relied on heavy padding, unit cohesion in had to be suppressed with encouragement and Vancouver Police Department (VPD) large numbers and, to some degree, were more positive reinforcement. officers seamlessly emerged from the 2010 reactionary to large-scale disorders. It would be easy for a person not involved Games as gold medal winners for the way It was certainly capable of controlling in crowd control or who had not served in such they handled the large crowds. Among the crowds but managing them wasn’t a specialty. a unit to scoff at the suggestion that changing winners was a dedicated unit of all-volunteer It has been argued that one may prevent the the culture was a massive challenge. Those on VPD Crowd Control Unit (CCU) members. other. This perceived lack of capability was the front line understand the intricacies of en- They skilfully managed the safe passage pivotal in unit commanders agreeing with the suring members are involved in changes from of millions along the urban corridor and co-ordinator’s suggestion to change the focus the onset and believe in them. Without their also stood toe to toe with a minority of ill- and capability. This decision wasn’t taken buy-in such radical changes are at best dis- intentioned violent protestors, refusing to lightly. There was the obvious expense of solved before the first boot touches the ground. allow them to overshadow the games or ruin new equipment and the need for buy-in from It was also recognized that the greater the city’s reputation. existing members. challenge wasn’t to isolate the unit; it must Many expected a minority group from It became quite clear that units such as not be seen as working in a silo by the rest of within well-intentioned protestors would en- this one do not work in isolation. While the the department. The VPD would need it at the tice police into a bloody battle, exposing their CCU would champion the new tactics, they head of public interaction but it also needed perceived heavy-handed tactics. This did not would fail without departmental support and to impart these concepts and ideals to every occur. The VPD CCU and Public Order Group inclusion. For the CCU commander to agree member deployed alongside it in the field. The (POG), with support from the RCMP and other that a change was required was the first step unit would have to become a conduit to other police agencies, remained calm and continued of many but the most valuable. Without him departmental resources to achieve success. positive dialogue, preventing a flashpoint and sharing the vision, the concept of change capturing the goodwill and hearts of the people would not evolve. The new model they kept safe. Achieving such well deserved Historical departmental events and the The model deemed best suited was out of accolades was by no means an accident. specialist comradery culture seemed to be the United Kingdom. The fluidity of movement

FEBRUARY 2011 8 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 9 FEBRUARY 2011 agreed to support changes. The CCU needed a showcase for its newfound skills and Lemcke recognized that help was needed.

A simple concept The new approach was endorsed at brief- ings. The simple concept: smile, engage the community, be positive, have early interaction with crowds and line-ups and start enjoying your patrol time. It has to be an all-or-nothing strategy. One officer saying hello to people and another staying grim faced and gruff op- posed the ideals of the model. This is not to say that strict enforcement does not have a place; it is the way it was achieved that had such a dramatic affect. Simply put, the words at the briefing mean nothing if supervisors and constables do not implement the actions. It was decided officers who could not implement the concept and remain upbeat and focused could go home. The briefings were extended to private security and other compa- nies working at the mall and clear expectations were delivered to them to ensure compatibility of working styles. Week by week the same message was delivered. Some officers chose to remove themselves from such deployments and others needed more coaching. Natural champions of small squads and ability to cascade leader- The beginning of change of the approach were born and the idea dis- ship to the lower ranks and implement low-level The Granville mall was known as a hotbed seminated to all positions. Morale improved street tactics for crowd management – filters for violence in 2006 and had been growing and officers freely spoke about the changes and simple cordons – were all an integral part progressively worse for years. Alcohol fuelled in their duties. of the decision-making process. These tactics public disorder and criminality left officers As more time was spent in a high-visibility would prove crucial in the years to come. continually faced with a barrage of assaults, and proactive patrol role, interacting and filter- Leadership development of sergeant and loutish behaviour and general drunken attitudes ing through crowds, it soon became clear there senior constable ranks, delegating decision directed to them as they wrote tickets, arrested was less need for ticketing and fighting with making to the squad level and providing individuals and struggled throughout their night. patrons. Removing traffic, opening up the mall overarching strategies without micromanag- Often exhausted and dishevelled they to pedestrians and removing the crosswalk and ing tactics was an enabling and empowering would leave the mall to get some sleep before sidewalk restrictions certainly helped. Offic- process that effectively changed the unit doing it all over again the next night. The rota- ers who understood and participated in the foundations for the better. tional concept of law enforcement was simple; strategy contributed to a major enhancement Believing that every officer is a potential you do, we see, we punish bad behaviour – but to downtown policing. leader, new members were expected to learn only an insane man continuously hits himself The strategy was rehearsed at every oppor- words of command and lead their squad in over the head with a hammer and expects a tunity and became a constant term in briefings. training. This led to immediate acceptance different result. Something had to change. From the chief constable down, this simple and a sense of family, providing support and If you cannot alter the public’s behaviour, phenomenon had been implemented into the confidence, bringing a better understanding maybe it’s time change the attitude of police. department’s public order legacy. New mem- and appreciation of the individual contributor Such a strategy would no doubt incur a hail bers know no different and senior members to crowd management. When deployed, each of defensive behaviour and conversation as now lead by example. and every officer understood the difficulties of officers and supervisors alike felt insulted squad-level leadership and fully participated and undervalued for their years of hard work. Forward in unity in delivering the “meet and greet” strategy to However, the simple facts were that policing The CCU and bicycle squad were leaders the public. impacts had not changed. The traditional in the “meet and greet” and became the de- The lower ranks became noticeably more methods were not making a difference to partment’s examples of change. Bike squads attuned to their role and more confident in their public behaviour. had worked alone for years and were actu- leadership. The demands placed upon the unit A new public order co-ordinator position ally already unwittingly participating in the commander decreased as others enjoyed being was created to recognize and use the skills and strategy, talking to protestors and gathering empowered to make decisions, thus allowing ability of a vastly experienced UK officer. His intelligence. With the CCU no longer having time for review, reflection and implementation mandate was to implement positive change to the no-nonsense policing mentality at large of new ideas. deployments, including the “meet and greet.” events and a more mobile and fluid deploy- Removing the commander from lower- Simply put, it requires every officer to be ac- ment method, it extended its portfolio to be level decision making and leadership roles was countable for every minute they are deployed, deployed from the onset at demonstrations truly an early benefit of the first concepts of positively engage every person encountered, and marches. change. He had a heartfelt connection, strong own seemingly small problems and positively Four new public order personnel carrier sense of pride and was personally invested in diffuse potential flashpoints. vans and less intimidating protective equip- the unit. It was difficult to listen to constructive Contrasting the ill effects of mall policing ment meant a more rapid and meaningful de- criticism and step back but this allowed junior with the UK strategies and knowing how an ployment capability. Along with the bicycles, officers to take ownership of their squads and officer’s personal ownership can positively dogs and mounted squad, these units harmo- gave the commander time to refocus on the affect crowd interaction, he met with district niously worked alongside each other, gaining unit’s goal and vision. commander Insp. Warren Lemcke. Management the valuable respect of local demonstrators

FEBRUARY 2011 10 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE and making it noticeably difficult for fringe RCMP would police inside the perimeter and elements to escalate to violence. provide resources when needed. The urban The apparent ability for police to be visible domain command structure would remain and appear humane and polite, yet carry out under VPD jurisdiction. their duties, was a cornerstone of the handling In the week prior to the opening ceremony of annual events such as the Celebration of the VPD tactical advisors and commanders Lights, New Year’s Eve and rallies. “Meet designed a local tabletop exercise for com- and greet,” enhanced with filters and cordons, manders of the visiting tactical troops, which ensured the first and last thing a member of was instrumental in putting faces and names the public saw when attending events was a to key positions of leadership. The traditional smiling police officer saying hello and good- “business card swap” occurred prior to the bye. Anyone who has ever visited a large US first day of deployment and the benefits of theme park would have to admit this approach such an exercise at ground level cannot be is annoying but effective. underestimated. It enabled the VPD leader- ship team to become accessible and allowed Ready to go a reciprocal presentation of tactics to be made 2009 cemented the state of readiness. POG to the eagerly awaiting officers on the cruise had implemented a public order strategy and ship moored in the harbour. trained officers to better understand crowd Both the RCMP and POG command teams dynamics and basic human needs and wants. recognized that tactics and training were dif- Flash and trigger points for disorders are more ferent and this would shape and complement acute in public order situations and officers the expectations of duty. Unit capability was were prepared not to offer a spark. The 2010 spoken about and reservations from both sides expectation of crowd management during the on ability and methods of deployments ap- Olympics was primarily to deal with a volume peased concerns of miscommunication. In es- of well-natured spectators and revellers but sence, the plans came together and confirmed to be prepared for spontaneous disorders and the tactical units were integrated in approach protests. The VPD was in an excellent position for the first day of the games. of preparedness for both contingencies. In the lead-up to 2010, it was evident Green light that methodology and deployment capability A large demonstration was expected Feb. between the VPD and RCMP were diverse 12 – thousands of protestors representing many and common ground was needed. It was de- causes. Exact numbers and tactics could not cided the VPD’s role would be to police urban be estimated due to diverse agendas and the domain outside of Olympic venues while the unpredictable nature of the causes. “Prepare to

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 11 FEBRUARY 2011 be prepared” was the key message abuse police have to take before for commanders. being provoked into action. The As expected a gathering began pendulum swings from the public outside the opening ceremony venue appreciating officer restraint to the and, as bicycle teams passed infor- many internal issues and questions mation back to the operations centre, relating to officer safety. Morale is it was clear numbers were high and seriously affected when action is not agendas varied. The POG was to be taken against continuing assaults. put to its first Olympic test. Protes- If police actions had been tors engaged in insults, abuse, spit- firmer that night, who knows ting, assaults and personal belittling what may have occurred; trying to for many hours but both the CCU second-guess action and reaction and RCMP tactical troops stood firm. is seemingly pointless. The ap- Spontaneous training and rein- preciative enquiry approach deems forcement of direction was transferred that police actions and the level of from leadership to constables on the force did not provoke direct action front ranks. As ground was taken against them and that should speak by both sides, officers continued to for itself. Many within the team speak respectfully and humanely to still question perceived decisions the crowd, winning mutual respect. but must respect the informed Overt attempts by a small element of the protest of the “meet and greet” strategy stayed intact. decisions that were made, which won over the group to take aggression to a higher level was Officers keeping their cool and maintaining hearts and support of the community. evident. A barrage of missiles were thrown at of- professionalism kept the Olympic public order There was no order or directive to main- ficers wearing only soft caps and regular uniforms. policing plan running smoothly and cemented tain a low level of deployment. Information What occurred that night was a testament an outstanding relationship with the public that was obtained at street command-level through to officers who took abuse and violent acts in will live for a long time in the city and beyond. live commentary from officers on bicycles en- stride. Many who witnessed what occurred The street-level officers individually sticking gaging the crowd, live cameras and historical wondered how it all stayed together. Not one to a strategic plan through their tactical com- knowledge of protest groups and tactics. The officer stepped out of the line, despite the obvi- munication and actions is a great example decisions made were by well-trained, street ous pressure. Following the event protestors of the importance of planning, rehearsal and level commanders and their advisors. Despite caught in the moment apologized to officers understanding throughout any team. arduous and long hours of duties and exposure and commended their patience. Some chose to to a minority of instigating protestors, officers write a formal thank you to the VPD, lauding Ambiguity in the ranks were exceptional and professionally repre- officers and acknowledging their restraint. It wasn’t all smooth sailing. Clearly there is sented the national values of Canada. Even under extreme conditions, the core a fine line between lawful protest and how much The line between defence and reaction

FEBRUARY 2011 12 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE remains blurred. How tolerant would society paramount in the police operation. Now in a have been if police had donned riot helmets and more proactive role, they utilized mobile tac- shields and defended personal space at the onset tics, were clearly heard and captured on many of deployment? These questions were dissected video clips using verbal commands of advice, and discussed by public order managers and remaining professional, requesting calm and advisors attempting to address morale at the communicating with protestors who tried to debrief the evening of Feb. 13. fight them. An effective dispersal and arrest Many questions and concerns about officer attempt ended the violence. safety remain. In future training, dialogue will diffuse conflict, enhance skillsets and extract Gold medal solutions from frontline officers. Enabling The VPD POG showed restraint and bottom-up communication will no doubt switched gears to controlled authority when improve the feeling of inclusiveness and called upon. The RCMP remained supportive ownership. Commanders and tactical advi- and adapted to the urban policing model for sors have already altered briefings; prior to the Olympic plan. An incredible tone had been the July 2010 Celebration of Lights they took set for the remainder of the Olympics. Millions extra care to explain to frontline officers how passed along extremely crowded streets in dress specifically impacts incident strategy. celebration, recognizing the upbeat attitude Debriefs will continue and officers will not of the security force and the games became a leave a deployment without having a voice celebration of all things Canadian. where their safety is concerned. The CCU, dogs, horses, bicycles and other supporting groups became the poster of No heart attacks the thin blue line, smiling, handing out stick- A “heart attack” protest was planned for ers and positively interacting with everyone. Feb. 13 – spontaneous actions to clog and General patrol officers, auxiliary constables jam major intersections and arterial routes, and everyone wearing a reflective jacket had bringing the games logistics to a standstill. caught and embraced the spirit. The games A minority of protestors wore black to hide were a success and, at the closing ceremony, their identity, gained momentum and went on the POG received standing ovations from the offensive. There was a definite escalation bar occupiers as they skilfully shepherded of violence. Buildings were attacked, pedes- demonstrators. The true measure of success trians chased and intimidated and a general of years of planning, training and trying to state of anarchy was brewing. It should not be implement a psychological change within a forgotten that the same core group of officers large organization such as the VPD culminated abused and assaulted the previous night were with international applause on the last day.

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 13 FEBRUARY 2011 In reflection While the Olympics were a catalyst for world attention and certainly shone a spotlight on the capability of the VPD, it was simply a stage for the performance to be seen. Like every show, the performers must rehearse, train and undergo lifestyle changes to perform at their best. Unlike per- formers, the POG had to be at its best prior to the Olympics and for the group, the show must go on. It is fully aware that it could participate in a thousand Olympic Games and do as well, but one bad performance would undo all the hard work. It should be acknowledged and remembered that the of- ficers are volunteers, give up much of their free time and wholeheartedly commit to the unit’s ideology. The POG has excelled far past any ex- pectation and is living proof that positive change in organizations is worthwhile and should be showcased to formally recognize the people involved. This unit no longer sits in back-of-house locations waiting to be un- leashed on out-of-control crowds but is now a showcase example of positive community policing and an integral part of the Vancouver policing plan. Significant benefits of redefining and implementing new concepts and tactics, de- livered with clearly defined “meet and greet” strategies, include: • Potentially large financial savings as larger events no longer escalate into prolonged deployments; • Better morale and less officer fatigue because duty is less arduous and confrontational; • Improved duty of care to the public through better trained and equipped staff; • A cascade of positive actions are passed from trained officers to their peers on squads; • International recognition; • Ability to redefine operational plans to stream- line resources and have more of an impact; • Confidence and willingness to seek further improvements knowing the suggested changes will be considered; • Officers’ viewpoints and ideas have been recognized and valued in such a large or- ganization; and • Training and equipment pays off for the city, most evidently in positive public reaction. This article is not intended to be an Olympic success story but rather an example of how institutional culture can be changed and the complexity and benefits that result. It has long been thought that paramilitary or- ganizational structures are highly resistant to change. This perception has been challenged and the professionalism, dedication and ability the POG has shown is a tangible reward to an organization willing to embrace change. In return, the organization has been recognized on the world stage.

Sgt. Lee Patterson (MA DEM) is the VPD Public Order Coordinator. This article does not necessarily reflect the views of the VPD but is an insight from one individual en- gaged in changing strategy in a large organization. It also does not diminish the hard work and professionalism of other individuals, units, departments or agencies involved in the planning or execution of any event mentioned.

FEBRUARY 2011 14 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Remote vehicle goes where divers cannot by Nancy Colagiacomo in warm waters and freezing temperatures, un- to pursue investigations in a faster and safer way. like traditional scuba diving where underwater Video Ray assisted police in a massive mari- Québec Provincial Police used the same time is limited due to shortage of oxygen and juana bust in Jamaica. Police, coast guards and technology as James Cameron on Titanic to unforeseen risks. port security, incluing the largest anthropology locate underwater wreckage and bodies after a ROVs have been used worldwide by police, laboratory in the US, have used ROVs for recov- recent plane crash. coastguard and movie companies, for fishing and ery and retrieval missions. Fishing expeditions Two men set out on a float plane bound for a sea life surveys of the ocean floor, to install and and researchers have also benefitted from ROVs. fishing camp last June, leaving Baie-Comeau on repair undersea telecommunication cables and in a Tuesday and due back Friday. When they didn’t off shore oil and gas drilling projects. Contact Mike Roberts at [email protected] for more return as scheduled a worried relative set out to They do not replace police officers but make information. look for them and found debris from their plane their work more efficient, not only in search and Nancy Colagiacomo is Blue Line Magazine’s Québec on Lac Berthé, approximately 200 kilometers rescue missions but also in criminal investiga- correspondent. Anyone with stories of interest on Québec north of Baie Comeau. Quite certain it was his tions. Many cases were left unresolved for lack of policing may contact her at: [email protected]. relative’s plane, he contacted police. evidence retrieval; this tool now enables officers Québec Provincial Police divers were called in for a search and rescue mission. They found a piece of the plane’s tail and not much more. Divers quickly realized they would need specialized equipment and called Mike Roberts of Divetech, a Nova Scotia underwater survey company. Roberts and his team were pleased to help. “It’s always a great feeling to help bring clo- sure to the families and another to know we can rely on our technology to perform in important situations like these,” said Roberts. Divetech uses a remotely operated vehicle known as the Video Ray to locate and retrieve underwater wreckage. They found the remains of the aircraft at a depth of 70 metres. Police divers then took over, recovering the pilot and the passenger from inside the airplane. Roberts can mobilize a team 24/7, 365 days a year. His team is always eager to help bring clo- sure, especially in tragic circumstances like these.

How it works The Video Ray is an underwater search tool propelled by thrusters and can travel as fast as 4.1 knots. It’s computer operated wth controllers much like those on video games, making it easy enough for even a child to operate. The ROV (remote operated vehicle) is con- nected to a surface ship by a cable that provides electrical power and transmits commands to move the craft and operate the colour underwater video camera. Depending on the situation, a mechanical arm may be installed to pick up objects. The Video Ray may be used for sonar imag- ing and in low visibility or hazardous environ- ments and situations that are too dangerous or polluted for divers to explore. It can perform

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 15 FEBRUARY 2011 Training for Trauma

Police and critical post traumatic stress disorder

adaptive responses to stress, but often get Anger and irritability – can occur when Part 3 of 3 misinterpreted because they begin to occur an officer believes they’ve been mistreated by by Sean P. O’Brien and James Bremner in response to seemingly innocuous stimuli. coworkers and supervisors or in response to Depression – can result from an inability excessive internal stimulation. Officers who In addition to the difficulties listed in our to cope with PTSD. This is significant, not become aggressive and argumentative with two previous articles, post-traumatic stress dis- only because it makes the person unhappy colleagues, family members or the public fol- order (PTSD) also causes a number of other se- but because it causes structural and chemical lowing a critical incident should be routinely rious problems, including what psychologists changes in the brain that interfere with daily screened for signs of PTSD. call co-morbid disorders. An astonishing 80.0 functioning. Further traumatization – when an officer to 98.8 per cent of those diagnosed struggle Substance abuse – when someone with struggles with PTSD, depression, substance with at least one other clinical issue (Fairbank, PTSD cannot control their symptoms they abuse and anger or irritability, this leads to a Ebert & Caddell, 2001; McNally, 1999). The can shut down and become severely avoidant series of events that can increase the likelihood most common co-morbid problems include: or turn to alcohol and drugs to numb their tor- they will be harmed. We have seen many trau- Panic attacks – the characteristic symp- ment. Some people can’t sleep without drugs matized officers who struggle with shame and toms of increased arousal can occur daily and or alcohol and while they offer symptomatic guilt; to cope with these symptoms they put the person experiencing them can fear they relief on a short-term basis, this only serves themselves in harm’s way to prove to them- are dying or losing complete control of their to make a bad problem much worse over the selves and their peers that they’re not weak. mind. The symptoms of panic are usually long run. Vicarious traumatization – this refers to

FEBRUARY 2011 16 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE PTSD symptoms that develop in spouses and • A perceived life threat – this is a subjective what they deserve. children of officers involved in a traumatic experience that can differ between offic- Therefore, if a colleague is traumatized, event. These symptoms can mimic those seen ers attending the same call. The higher the it is because they are weak, poorly trained or in the officers themselves and are worse in perceived life threat, the higher the risk of “froze.” As a result, “what happened to them many cases. Left untreated, these problems PTSD and in turn, the risk of developing it can’t possibly happen to me.” This makes us can lead to divorce, domestic violence and is doubled. feel safe but is truly an illusion. Using the other serious difficulties. • Actual injury or death – this is an objective hypothesis only serves to alienate those who risk factor. Being hurt or witnessing a serious are traumatized and increases the likelihood Risk factors for PTSD injury or death increases the risk of getting that they will suffer from PTSD. It is difficult to predict which officers will PTSD. Estimates are that 45 per cent of those get PTSD but we can describe three specific who perceive that their life was threatened Preventing and treating PTSD types of risk factors that increase the likeli- and/or who are injured during an assault will PTSD can be treated (cf. Fairbank, Ebert hood of getting it (Fairbank, Ebert & Caddell, develop PTSD. and Caddell, 2001). In order to do so effec- 2001; Herman, 1997; McNally, 1999). The • Proximity to the trauma: The closer or more tively, it needs to be detected early or it can first group consists of pre-trauma risk factors involved you are with an event, the greater be very difficult to resolve and, in some cases, – problems we bring to the critical incident, your risk of developing PTSD. Close proxim- the officer will never recover. which can include: ity can increase your risk five-fold. Getting to the symptoms early may mean • A pre-existing psychological problem: This The third group are what we call post- resolving the condition within 12 to 16 hours is important because it represents a vulner- trauma risk factors. The most consistently of treatment. However, if the traumatic stress ability factor that can make a person more studied – a lack of social support and unit response is severe, resolution may take a year susceptible to getting PTSD. This may not cohesion following exposure to a traumatic or more. seem like a critical issue until you realize that event – predispose officers to PTSD. Officers The first thing that we can do to reduce between 17-20 per cent of the general public with good support and cohesive units tend to the effects is to take it out of the closet and has struggled with depression. Those who respond better when they develop PTSD. demystify it. It is not a sign of weakness or have a pre-existing history of psychological Unfortunately, many officers are subjected evidence that one is “mental.” People do not stress are twice as likely to get PTSD. to something called the ‘Just World Hypoth- have to have their guns taken away because • Family history of psychiatric illness: Once esis,’ a process by which colleagues react to they have PTSD. again, this can predispose individuals to the critical incident by blaming the person The second thing is create programs that PTSD because it may reflect an underly- involved in it (Lerner & Miller, 1978). This provide for Stress Inoculation Training (SIT). ing predisposition toward developing the occurs because many people believe the world Ideally, recruits can be taught what is normal disorder. is a just place where good things happen to when dealing with a violent encounter, since The second group are things we call peri- good people and bad things to bad people. This a lack of knowledge can often lead to post- traumatic risk factors – existing at the time that doesn’t reflect reality but it is a self-protective traumatic stress symptoms. The SIT programs the trauma takes place – including: mechanism that allows us to believe people get help recruits identify these normal reactions

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 17 FEBRUARY 2011 and signs of the more serious PTSD response involved with them in hockey leagues, tactical strategies to control seemingly overwhelming so they can access treatment services while training exercises or through social activities symptoms (e.g., depression, panic attacks, they can still benefit. By learning how to organized by police associations. They come nausea, etc.). Safety can be achieved through respond to critical incidents, we can greatly to trust that they can count on our support long breathing strategies, relaxation, education reduce the emotional and physical impact on before encountering a traumatic incident and about PTSD and the recovery process and pos- our officers. are more likely to contact a person they know sibly even the use of anxiolytic medications. Third, we need to embed mental health and can access us at any time. In the next stage, officers learn to recall professionals within police units. The US Finally, when PTSD does develop, we their trauma in a safe and effective manner military has done a great job with embedding need to access a trained mental health pro- while remaining calm and relaxed. This psychologist within fighting units, making fessional quickly. It is important to note that specialized process allows them to learn that it much easier for soldiers to access proper untreated PTSD can lead to chemical and thinking, dreaming or talking about an incident treatment services. There is also a level of structural changes in the brain. These problems is quite different from experiencing it. In es- comfort since soldiers are already familiar can be treated effectively through the use of sence, this helps reset the brain’s alarm system with the psychologists from training exercises a three-stage model developed by Judith Her- so that it does not activate when confronted and social situations. man (Herman, 1997). with innocuous stimuli. Over time and with the We’ve had officers contact us after being The model teaches officers to use safety help of a trained professional, this can return an officer to a healthy and normal lifestyle.

References Bremner, J. (2006, Sept). Use of force and marksmanship in Ontario. Paper presented to the Toronto Police Service, Toronto, Canada. Cunningham, A. (2002). The healing journey: Overcoming the crisis of cancer. Toronto: Key Porter Books. Fairbank, J.A., Ebert, L. and Caddell, J.M. (2001). “Post-traumaticstress disorder.” In P.B. Sutker and H.E. Adams (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Psycho- pathology (pp. 183-209). New York: Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers. Foa, E. and Rothbaum, B.O. (1998). Treating the trauma of rape. New York: Guilford Press. Grossman, D. (1999). On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society. New York: Little, Brown and Co. Herman, J. (1997). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence from domestic abuse to political terror. New York: Basic Books. Hole, J.W. (2001). Human anatomy and physiology. Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown. Laur, Darren. (2002). The anatomy of fear and how it relates to survival skills training. Portland: LWC Books/ Integrated Street Combatives. Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). “Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead.“ Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030- 1051. Levitt, E.E. (1967). Psychology of anxiety. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. Lewis, C. (2004). “Police Suicide is an Alarming Problem Rarely Discussed Publicly.” “Tears of a cop.” 01 Sept. 2004. McNally, R.J. (1999). “Post traumatic stress disorder.” In T. Millon, P.H. Blaney, & R.D. Davis (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (pp. 144-165. New York: Oxford University Press. Siddle, K. (2006). “Bio-psychological responses to simulated firearms events.” Paper presented to PPCT Management Systems. Siddle, K. and Grossman, D. (1998). “Effects of hormonal induced heart rate increase”. Post-Traumatic Gazette, 4(4), pp. 6-7. Turvey, B. (1995). “Police Officers: Control, Hopeless- ness, & Suicide,” Knowledge Solutions Library, Electronic Publication, URL: http://www. corpus-delicti.com/suicide. html, April, 1995

Dr. Sean P. O’Brien is a registered clinical psychologist practicing in Whitby, Ontario who provides clinical services to policing organizations throughout Canada. He has more than 10 years experience dealing with high-profile critical incidents, including police-related shootings, traumatic homicides, suicides and criminal investigations into police conduct. Det/Cst. James Bremner has more than 20 years experience with the Toronto Police Service in uniform patrol and the ETF, including gun team, team leader, explosives technician and tactical trainer. He’s currently on the Gun and Gang Task Force. Through his company, Bremner Associates Inc., he provides tactical training and lectures on Critical Incident Stress and PTSD. Visit www. bremnerassociates.com for more.

FEBRUARY 2011 18 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Street drug awareness for law enforcement by Steve Walton

It’s important for law enforcement officers to be properly trained and updated on the sub- culture of street drugs. All too often during my career I have seen the impact made by poorly trained officers. Drug training helps officers stay safe, im- proves their investigative capabilities and makes them a valuable asset to the public at large. There are many aspects involved in train- ing, which should be an on-going process. Let’s look at drug use recognition by demo- graphics, a skill every officer needs to acquire. In the most drastic of scenarios, such as using force, articulating the condition of a subject can become vital. If an officer knows or can estimate a subject’s age, they can make an they can get their hands on, regardless of age, educated guess about the substances that may including pharmaceutical grade drugs, but re- be influencing them. search indicates age groups do tend to gravitate The major drug using age groups and their towards very specific drugs. drugs of choice are: Please join me April 27 at the Blue Line • Ages 7 to 12: alcohol and inhalants Trade Show for a day long training session • Ages 13 to 17: alcohol, marijuana and to- on street drug awareness for law enforce- bacco products ment professionals. We will take an in depth • Ages 18 and older: cocaine, heroin, illegal look at recognizing drug use, current trends, amphetamines, marijuana, phencyclidine drugs of choice and symptoms of their use Obviously, people can use any substance and detecting clandestine drug laboratories.

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 19 FEBRUARY 2011 The universal response by Michael Weaver being followed. rapidly deploying a less than lethal device. The patient’s death is only the beginning. The initial threat level would not have war- The call began as “police on scene request Scrutiny, public outcry and legal proceedings ranted lethal force, though the suspects’ ac- fire for eval of suspect in custody.” Firefight- soon follow. Everyone will be impacted nega- tions required some form of response. Further ers find multiple officers, most disheveled and tively, from the highest elected official down complicating matters is that most often public leaning against patrol cars trying to catch their to the newest recruit. perception is based on emotion, not the facts. breath. One points at the “patient” lying on the Law enforcement has suffered greatly The reality is that most public entity policies ground in cuffs. from negative public perception. This, in ad- are driven by liability and public perception. “I hit him twice with the TASER and he dition to public outcry, has possibly led to of- It’s safe to say that most policies are not just kept coming,” one officer is overheard say- ficers hesitating before getting into a physical written by those of us serving in the field. ing. The fire captain gets the rest of the story struggle with unarmed suspects and opting not To quote an interim report from the National from the officer in charge. The pipeman and to deploy a less than lethal device. Institute of Justice on the study of deaths driver head over to check the suspect’s vitals. In the United States 650 law enforcement following electro muscular disruption, “All The young officer responsible for keeping an officers were killed in the line of duty from CED (conducted energy device) use should eye on the patient says he was just talking to 2005 through 2008. It is with great reverence conform to agency policies. The decision to him. Seconds later, the pipeman yells “Cap, that I mention their ultimate sacrifice; all de- use a CED or another force option is best left this guy ain’t breathing!” serve to be honored. For the purposes of this to the tactical judgment of trained law enforce- Medics and an additional crew are dis- article, lines of duty deaths were screened for ment at the scene.” patched for the unsuccessful code that will take direct conflict with a suspect. This statement, in the context of the place over the next 30 to 60 minutes. The event • Assault - 4 report, is adequate for most situations but will likely end with CPR being performed on • Gunfire - 208 fails to address the rare individual who does the way to the emergency department (ED) • Heart attack - 50 not comply or yield to traditional methods of and the patient being pronounced dead after • Stabbed - 3 de-escalation, subdual and/or restraint. They several more minutes of CPR and drug thera- It may be assumed that 33 of these 265 represent the greatest risk to the first responder. pies mandated by whatever algorithms are brave officers would have benefited from Lack of communication and relevant train- ing between first responders (Fire, EMS and law enforcement), security and other health care providers further complicate this low frequency high risk event.

Excited Delirium Syndrome A source of controversy and skepticism, EDS is slowly gaining acceptance in the medi- cal community as a legitimate condition that classically presents as hyperthermia, incompre- hensible speech, altered mental status and, with further agitation, death. This is in no small part to the research being done at the University of Miami by Dr. Debora Mash, who says she’s isolated a gene common in cases of deaths be- lieved to be caused by EDS. Common findings post mortem are a long history of mental illness

FEBRUARY 2011 20 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE and/or psycho-stimulant drug use. Universal response with sedative drugs and intubation as necessary. Even if we remove the proposed legiti- I use the term “combative patient” instead Removing an unco-operative “patient’s” macy of EDS, animal models show similarities of EDS, mostly because of the volume of cuffs, applying soft restraints, securing them in restraint/capture and negative outcomes. physically violent individuals encountered to a backboard and moving them to the medic The US Department of Fish and Wildlife has that have other etiology, including: unit for further evaluation, treatment and long noted a condition known as “capture • Illicit drug use, transport is a challenge. Police officers try to myopathy” in wild animals. In certain areas • Non-compliance with prescription meds/ help, but their unfamiliarity with equipment it is not uncommon to lose as much as six under or over medication, and the lack of standards to orchestrate such per cent of animals designated for relocation. • Alcohol intoxication, chaos only increases stress to all involved. Nutrient supplements (selenium and vita- • Mental illness, It also takes time; extended on-scene time min D) prior to capture, avoiding capture and • Diabetes, has been a factor in sudden in-custody deaths but relocation attempts during hot weather and • Brain injury, administrators were satisfied. Their new policy various forms of sedation post capture can • Carbon monoxide poisoning. eliminated the risk of lawsuits by creating a situ- help lessen but not eliminate loss. This list is not all encompassing, but a brief ation where “if the suspect dies, it will be in a The most striking similarity to EDS oc- introduction of items to consider when encounter- medic unit and not a patrol car.” Of course, this curs in domesticated swine. “Porcine stress ing an individual with an “altered” presentation. logic is flawed and does not foster a safe environ- syndrome” has been blamed for significant Regardless of the cause, violence is something first ment for anyone, nor does it remove the risk of financial loss to the industry. Animals affected responders must deal with every day. liability to the city, which employs both agencies. by this condition are more likely to expire dur- Before evaluation, treatment and transport Isolation and shifting blame will not reduce ing transport or are unable to walk on arrival can begin, the out of control individual must the risk of injury or death for the combative to the slaughterhouse. A gene was isolated and be subdued and restrained. Understandably, individual in medical crisis, nor will it provide given the name Hal 1843 because of Halothane law enforcement agencies are very resistant a safer environment for first responders. What sensitivity during anesthesia, which presents to any outside influence in the subdual or will minimize risk is developing a universal as hyperthermia, abnormal breathing and management of suspects in custody. Agen- multi-discipline approach that prioritizes: excitable behaviour. cies would be well advised to define exactly • The first responder’s personal safety, Interestingly, humans with Halothane sen- when a suspect becomes a patient and how to • Rapid identification of the at-risk individual, sitivity also have similar presentations. Selec- transition them to fire/EMS care. • Allocation of proper resources, and tive breeding and gentler handling techniques One local police agency’s only answer to • A plan of action. during transit have decreased but not eliminated reducing the risk of in-custody death was sim- this occurrence in the swine industry. Currently ply calling local fire/EMS for transport to the Michael Weaver is a 15 year veteran Firefighter/Para- there are no studies available that link Halo- ED after a CEW was used. It didn’t consider medic. He is an author, instructor and advocate for the safety of all first responders. He is the instructor of the thane sensitivity to EDS. Mash has assigned fire/EMS policies that specifically state “com- ‘Transitional Tactics for the Combative Subject’ course at staff to check for similarities between Hal 1843 bative patients” must be delivered to the ED in the Blue Line Trade Show & Training event on April 26th. and the gene her lab has isolated in humans. “soft restraints,” on a backboard, IV in place

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 21 FEBRUARY 2011 The challenges of moving into management

What Canadian police really say about moving into management

Part 2 important role in Canadian policing. For ex- (participant e3). by James Hogan, Craig Bennell ample, when asked how important the work of • Micromanaging and Alyssa Taylor middle managers is to the success of their ser- Number one thing is quit doing your old vice, the following response was very typical: job, do your new job… That’s the number one It’s difficult for surveys to penetrate below The sergeants are the ones that make the thing and we see it all the time, that’s exactly surface views to understand why respondents organization click and that’s, to me, the most what it is. You come and sit in your new chair believe what they do. Anticipating the prob- important rank, right from the commissioner but you’re still going to go out there on the lem, this study was designed to build on our on down... because they’re out there 24 hours road with the boys, you’re still going to take previous one by asking Canadian police offic- a day, day and night, crappy weather, good on files because you’re not sure if your guys ers to discuss their views about management. weather, whatever the case is, leading the can do it properly and you’re still going to do The sample of interviewees included 50 troops, and I stand by that 100 per cent... I a whole whack of stuff that, as a supervisor, active police professionals (38 males and 12 don’t see that changing (participant g4). is no longer your problem (participant h2). females of varying age, years of service and rank, In general, all interviewees viewed middle There was also a high level of agreement including civilians working in human resources) managers/supervisors as central to the organi- about factors that contribute to the successful from 11 police services across eight provinces zation, having a huge amount of responsibility, transition from a rank and file officer to a (none took part in the previous survey). being held accountable for a vast range of ac- manager/supervisor, including the following: For study purposes, the ranks of corporal, tions and activities and playing a significant • Knowledge/experience of the position sergeant and staff sergeant were considered to role in the day-to-day running of the agency They all had a good knowledge base, they be the supervisors/middle managers in question as problem solvers, motivators and leaders. had worked in several areas… so that definite- as appropriate to each interviewee’s particular ly helped them because they demonstrated they police service. The major themes running Effectiveness could do more than one thing (participant b1). throughout the interview questions were the In line with the survey results, interview- • Motivated/desire to succeed/good attitude role and effectiveness of police management/ ees generally felt managers they’ve worked Dedication. I think a general willingness supervision, the promotional process, availabil- for have been generally effective. This despite to work at it and to do well... A genuine desire ity and adequacy of training and recent changes the fact interviewees spoke of considerable to do well with your squad and to do well in to police management/supervision. challenges in transitioning from rank and file that position. So there’s a work ethic there… Interviews were conducted face-to-face in officer to supervisor. Various types of chal- and I think sometimes… if they can see that the police agency where the subject worked lenges were spoken of, including: you’re honestly there to try to serve, you’re 90 and were voluntary. Interviewees (and their • Role confusion per cent home (participant f1). agencies) were promised strict confidentiality You’re a constable one day, you get your • Communication/interpersonal skills and interviews were audio taped and transcribed hooks and the next day you’re a supervisor and Excellent communication skills, excellent verbatim so responses could be analyzed. you’re still really feeling that you’re amongst team building skills, huge feedback…They We attempted to extract relevant themes that your peers (but now) you’re now the one that’s need to think that their opinion is valued and emerged, taking care to ensure that the concepts approving time off, assigning zones or assign- they can only get that through a feedback developed and illustrations provided typified ing files; nobody really sits you down and says mechanism – you’re going out there and talk- the most common pattern in responses. “okay, this is the divide” (participant j5). ing to them (participant c1). • Lack of knowledge • Respect/credibility RESULTS The skill sets that they have (are) as ei- Credibility within the organization helps Role of middle management ther an investigator or beat officer and then them from day one. The people who I’ve seen As in the survey, interviewees believed they move to supervisor or a manager and struggle at the rank of sergeant are people strongly that middle management plays an they don’t necessarily have those skill sets that got promoted that had really crappy

FEBRUARY 2011 22 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE reputations, deserved or not; they struggled what we call the three branches of the service work (participant c2). and got taken advantage of by their troops the better; that would be administrative, in- • Inability to make decisions (participant f3). vestigative and operational (participant c1). How to put this politically correct – he’s Interviewees could also identify the Interviewees were also able to identify just as dumb as a post, can’t make a decision attributes and/or behaviours of effective reasons for difficult transitions from rank and to save his life. I swear to God it probably supervisors. Again, several themes emerged, file policing to middle management. Accord- takes him a half hour to figure out which sock including: ing to the interviewees, several factors could to put on first in the morning (participant b1). • Communication skills explain difficult transitions, including: Communication, the power to listen and • Poor communication skills Promotional process for middle to engage people that work with you -- and to Poor communicators… if they’re not com- management positions understand that people don’t work for you; my municating their vision, no one has a clue what Unlike the survey results, most interview- philosophy is people don’t work for you, they they’re up to (participant c1). ees did not voice serious concerns about pro- work with you (participant f5). • Lack of training/experience motions. Indeed, the majority believed current • Interpersonal skills Lack of preparation on their part in terms promotion practices were reasonably effective Number one you’ve got to be a people of knowing you’re going to a certain position at identifying officers who are ready and able person, (able) to deal with people on different and not bothering to figure out what goes on to assume new and greater responsibilities. For levels… Keep it personal. I mean, I became a there before you get there (participant f2). those that did voice problems, most indicated police officer to help people, it’s no different • Overly authoritative that promotional practices were improving: than when you’re a sergeant. Don’t elevate One went with a totally autocratic lead- At the end of the day I think there’s less of yourself to a level where you think you’re bet- ership style –“my way or the highway” (par- this “how the hell did he or she make it?”… I ter than those people (participant d2). ticipant b1). think people are qualified and are recognized • High integrity • Inability to accept/make changes as being qualified and I would hope that there’s Your behaviour has to instill respect be- I think that they have to be willing to a recognition out there, that if you spoke to cause the whole rank and file has to respect accept change, to change their methods… I someone genuinely and privately, they would the position and it’s a lot easier to respect the find in the policing industry we don’t adapt acknowledge that there’s integrity in the position if you respect the person in the posi- to change very well. We like doing things the system. I also believe that there’s no perfect tion (participant i1). same way, we get set in our methods and I think system (participant b4). • Strong decision making skills you need that quality to say, well, we need to Many other interviewees recognized that You can’t have things just piling up on do this a different way (participant b2). there are inherent problems with promotional desks. The work has to keep moving, the • Lack of motivation/promoted for the wrong practices, but appeared to have a relatively decision has to be there and you have to put reasons positive view about their agency’s promo- out the direction you want your team to go in I think part of the negative thing is the tions process: (participant h1). sense of entitlement. There are some people It works relatively well. I’ll go back and • Good policing knowledge who get promoted who think “well I’ve paid qualify that because you can never take the You certainly have to have a certain my dues, therefore now it’s my turn to sit at human aspect out of promotions, you know amount of job knowledge. The more across this desk and you guys go out there and do the “I know this guy, he’s a good guy, I like him,

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 23 FEBRUARY 2011 he’s worked for me before, I want this guy to available, it was only informal: Discussion get bumped (participant a4). Not formally, not specifically, it would be Currently, Canadian police organizations Despite the fact the majority viewed the on an ad hoc sort of basis so, depending on are contending with a number of pressures promotional process in a relatively positive maybe if I was a new sergeant on a particular (e.g., large-scale retirement of senior officers) light, some still held very negative views patrol section, I might find that my staff ser- that reinforce the need for management and about the process: geant was a little more attentive or a little more supervision of the highest calibre. The next The promotional process does not identify interested in my development as a sergeant five years will see an unprecedented influx those people who are the informal leaders on (participant b3). of new police officers and newly-promoted a platoon. The ability to write an exam and Having expressed these views, a number officers into middle management roles. We do an oral interview is more important than of interviewees also indicated that the situation believe the current study can help inform Ca- being a leader (participant d2). was improving. nadian police agencies during this challenging Not surprisingly, given the concerns transition period. The following implications Adequacy of training about promotions and training, some did not may be particularly important: A number of results emerged from the believe their agency was currently effective 1. As with our survey respondents, the inter- interviews about adequacy of training for at developing the full potential of its officers, viewees believed strongly that middle man- middle managers that sat nicely with the which is similar to what was found amongst agement is a vital part of any Canadian police survey results. For example, interviewees our previous survey respondents. However, organization, both in day-to-day operation of were unanimous in their view that training many officers believed the opposite, either the agency and in implementing long-term was very important. In fact, they highlighted feeling that there was improvement in this organizational change. As one put it, “That’s a wide variety of training approaches when regard or that their agency was developing the your meat and potatoes, my friend.” asked how the challenges of the new position full potential of its officers: 2. The challenges faced by middle managers could be overcome, including: I would say in the last couple of years we spoken about also matched the sorts of mis- • Formal training have made a conscious effort to identify the takes that our survey respondents said they We don’t really prepare people, I don’t fact that we need to develop them. It’s improv- had personally witnessed in new managers. think, in advance of the position, even in ing (participant c4). The “big three” challenges faced by middle terms of the formal training... we don’t go for Nearly all interviewees indicated that managers, interviewees said, were role con- supervisory training until after we’re actually training is a crucial part of allowing officers to fusion, lack of relevant knowledge related to in a position (participant b3). reach their full potential. In addition, a number the new management role and a tendency to • Mentorship of interviewees indicated that officers would micromanage. We should have a mentorship program… be more likely to reach their full potential if 3. As with survey respondents, interviewees and when I say mentorship, I mean that is more effort was made to understand officers. appeared to have little difficulty in describing your transitional period where you are actu- For example: the characteristics of good managers/supervisors. ally linked up with a supervisor and learn the I think if we had a better understanding The ideal: (a) understand specific job expecta- supervisory role (participant a2). of people’s strengths and personality traits tions before they get there; (b) have previous • More thorough orientation and matching those strengths and personal- police experience to perform their new jobs well; As far as I’m concerned, and not just here, ity traits to actual jobs and competencies, (c) are motivated to succeed and sought promo- everybody who applied... should be taken to you’d get a lot more bang for your buck tion “for the right reasons;” (d) are perceived a room and told: “boom, this is going to hap- (participant g2). by others to have a good attitude toward their pen to you, boom, this is what we expect from jobs and subordinates; (e) possess a high level you”... before they want to jump in that ring The changing face of integrity; (f) are viewed as credible by upper so they can’t say, “well I didn’t know about of middle management management and respected by their subordinates; that (participant j3). Finally, the interviewees were asked if (g) are good communicators, both in listening There was also some concern raised about they think the job requirements and/or role and giving clear commands; (h) are interper- various aspects of training. For example, in expectations of middle managers will change sonally skilled and can interact comfortably line with the survey results, most interview- and, if so, how. The majority do see change with police officers of various ranks, including ees believed pre-promotion training was ahead and think it will likely make the police previous peers; (i) can make good decisions inadequate: middle manager job even more challenging quickly, including appropriate delegation; (j) So the actual education doesn’t happen than it already is. In terms of how the job will resist the temptation to micromanage; and (k) until you’re in that position and that’s been a change, a variety of themes emerged, including: can embrace and adapt to change. major criticism, like “give me some training • More administrative duties 4. While the survey respondents voiced some before I’m assigned to this unit, I want it before I think the staff sergeant’s going to become concern about management promotions, the I go in.” It doesn’t happen that way because it’s more of an administrator and I think the ser- majority view was relatively positive. While not always last-minute but… you get assigned geants are going to become more administra- some felt their agency’s promotional practices to that position and then the training happens. tors (participant a3). would be unable to identify people willing We just need a stronger orientation program • Younger demographic and able to take on management/supervision (participant d1). Younger people, changing demographics. responsibilities, this view was very rare. Most In terms of long-term mentoring and/or As the younger generation, they’re getting on, felt that current promotional practices were training, interviewees varied in their views as when they get to five years. They want things improving and had a role to play in selecting to whether this was formally available and if (and) there aren’t opportunities for them. I effective managers/supervisors. so, whether it was adequate. Some were clearly think that’s going to be a very tough role as a In an attempt to understand the differ- aware of a mentorship program being offered supervisor to motivate those people who want ences between the survey respondents and in their agency: to get ahead and there’s just not the capacity interviewees, it is noteworthy that a larger The third part of the module training for them to get the things they want to get proportion of the interview sample consisted system is a mentorship component involving ahead (participant g2). of higher ranking police officers, including a constable being mentored by an experienced • More workload current police managers and individuals with sergeant in the duties and responsibilities of A lot of stuff’s coming down to the mid- some potential stake in current promotion being a sergeant. Typically the mentoring is managers. I think it’s because they’re so practices (e.g., human resource staff, who may several weeks to a month in duration and con- bloody understaffed up there. They are second- have played a role in designing the promotion cludes with an evaluation of the constable by ing our guys to do things that really a senior process). Given this, it is perhaps unsurprising a sergeant other than the one who was doing manager should be doing (participant c3). that interviewees generally felt more positive the mentoring (participant f5). • More accountability/liability about the promotion process than the survey On the other hand, many interviewees More accountability to the community, respondents (they, after all, were successfully indicated that no long-term training/mentoring doing more work with fewer resources (par- promoted into management positions). was in place within their agency and if it was ticipant k4). 5. The interviewees suggested several ways

FEBRUARY 2011 24 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE promotions could be improved to enhance the they already do, with more administrative integrity of the process: (a) better connections duties and a greater level of accountability. could be formed between police officer apprais- The interviewees also appreciated that chang- als (e.g., annual performance reviews) and the ing demographics in Canadian policing will promotion process; (b) reduce the weight put on also result in distinct challenges for middle promotion exams, as suitable candidates some- managers and/or police supervisors (e.g., times fail to score high enough and these exams higher expectations on the part of recruits for are often viewed as less important than other a productive and fulfilling career). criteria such as signs of leadership ability; (c) more focus on assigning promoted individuals Conclusion to the right positions where their strengths can The interview results must be interpreted be capitalized upon; (d) early career “pathing” with an appropriate amount of caution and can- should be considered as a way of ensuring that not necessarily be generalized to police officers suitable officers are selected for management and agencies not sampled in the current study. positions and that they are prepared for the job; We believe the results represent an important and (e) upper management needs to be more step forward in developing an understanding of continually aware about which officers are issues surrounding middle management/police showing signs of leadership (e.g., volunteering supervision. This is especially true when the for extra duties). current results are viewed in combination with 6. Like the survey respondents, lack of pre- the previous survey results. promotion preparation was a concern for the We believe the results emphasize the im- interviewees, as was inadequate long-term portance of middle management in Canadian training and mentoring. Most interviewees in- policing and suggest ways of ensuring that the dicated that they felt under prepared going into right people are selected for these positions their new management roles and commented and trained in such a way that they can reach that, after being promoted, long-term training their full potential. and/or mentorship opportunities were only In our view, steps taken to improve the available informally and then only if they took quality of middle managers, whether through the initiative to seek out these opportunities. improved promotional systems or more cred- 7. When asked to list the criteria that charac- ible leadership and management training, will terize effective managers/supervisors, inter- necessarily and positively influence the long- viewees and survey respondents did not list term health and viability of police organiza- irreversible personal characteristics or rigid tions throughout Canada. personality traits, but rather specific skills sets (e.g., communication skills) or areas of James Hogan is a sergeant with the Toronto Police knowledge (e.g., expectations of the new po- Service (TPS). Craig Bennell and Alyssa Taylor are with Carleton University. The research presented was made sition) that can potentially be altered through possible through a scholarship to Hogan and a contract appropriate training. to Bennell from the Canadian Police College (CPC). 8. Despite the fact the middle management/ The authors thank Catherine Lavergne of the CPC for police supervisor role is already exceedingly her assistance and dedication to this project. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily complex, it seems it is becoming even more represent the TPS or CPC. Contact Sgt. James Hogan challenging. The interviewees believed that at [email protected] to comment or for the next five year will see middle managers more information. experience an even greater workload than

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 25 FEBRUARY 2011 Keeping the process quiet Police agency take-over process has no accountability by Adrian Hayes

I read with great interest your Publisher’s Commentary in the December 2010 edition of Blue Line Magazine. Although the article was unnecessarily vague about the community being taken over by the Ontario Provincial Po- lice, I assume the story referred to Leamington. For several years, I have been working on a book about the events preceding the 1989 disbandment of the Parry Sound Police Department. Chapter 2 is a lengthy summary of OPP takeovers because I believe the events in Parry Sound must be viewed in the larger context of what was happening in communities across Ontario. For almost a decade between May 1975 and March 1985, no Ontario municipal police departments were disbanded so that Ontario Provincial Police cruisers present, what many residents called, their victory municipalities could enter into contracts with parade in downtown Leamington last December. After 130 years of police service the the Solicitor General for policing by the OPP. Leamington Police Service was disbanded. Between April 1985 and July 2003, however, 41 municipal police services were disbanded to allow municipalities to enter into OPP duties in a municipality. The chairman of the through with the inquiry by writing a report, policing contracts. In each case, I studied OPC at that time was Shaun MacGrath, who but time ran out on us.” An eight-page embryo the coverage in the local newspapers and the had been the publisher and general manager of the report exists in OCCPS files, but it was decisions of the Ontario Police Commission of the Catholic Register when appointed a never released to the public. (OPC) or Ontario Civilian Commission on part-time member of the Criminal Injuries Lawyers Winfield C. McKay and David Police Services (OCCPS). Compensation Board (CICB) in 1970. Ten G.I. Stewart were both initially appointed as In the December commentary Morley years later, he was appointed to the OPC and part-time OPC members for three-year-terms appeared surprised that the Leamington OC- became chairman after only three years. Al- that expired in January 1988. Both were given CPS decision did not state why the police though McGrath had obtained a law degree in three-month extensions to their appointments, service was disbanded, or how its removal Ireland, he never practised as a lawyer. followed by two one-month extensions. Their will improve service to the community. Morley After MacGrath’s death in 1987, his appar- association with the OPC finally concluded also seemed to be flabbergasted that the two ent successor was OPC vice-chairman Wendy as of June 30, 1988 — eight weeks after the members of OCCPS who issued the decision Calder, a former city councillor and mayor of May 5 summations at the Parry Sound inquiry. have no understanding of the actual day-to-day Woodstock. The daughter of famous criminal Although Calder’s term of office as part- process of police work. I would like to address lawyer John J. Robinette, she had married time OPC vice-chairman was not due to expire these two points. lawyer George A. Calder and her two sisters until Feb. 4, 1990, she moved to the CICB as The OPC decision to allow the disband- practised law. However, Calder was not a so- of July 25, 1988. However, neither the OPC ment of the Napanee Police Department, licitor and she also had no practical knowledge nor the Ministry of the Solicitor-General both- issued in January 1989 — more than 20 of police work. ered to notify the Town of Parry Sound that it years ago — established the precedent that Calder was one of the three OPC members should no longer expect any sort of report to the OPC’s role at a disbandment hearing was who presided over an inquiry into the adminis- emerge from the seven days of testimony and simply to determine whether an OPP proposal tration and operation of the Parry Sound Police the council was still awaiting its arrival until adequately served a municipality and not to as- Department over seven days in March, April days before the OPP took over policing the sess the current police service. The judgement and May 1988, concluding that “the current community after midnight on Jan. 8, 1989. was made that the OPC did not have the power policing situation in Parry Sound is unac- Basically, little has changed in two to overrule a decision by local elected officials ceptable and cannot be allowed to continue.” decades. OCCPS appointees continue to be on how to best meet the policing needs of Although the interim order stated the OPC primarily lawyers by profession or academics their community. “We are unable to conclude would deliver written reasons for its decision without hands-on knowledge of policing, and that the present policing of this community at a later date, no report was ever issued. it’s very rare for them to raise any concerns is inadequate,” wrote the two presiding OPC On Tuesday, Jan. 2, 1989, under the about an OPP costing proposal. It has also members — former Ontario cabinet minister front-page headline “Staff changes sink of- proven futile for taxpayers to present petitions Dr. Bette Stephenson and Toronto lawyer ficial report,” the Parry Sound Beacon Star to OCCPS to keep their police service or to Frank D’Andrea. announced all three OPC members who reinstate the former police service when OPP After a period of severe spending restraint heard the evidence at the inquiry had left the is found to be insufficient. by the OPP, Ontario Solicitor General George commission. Calder, who had been appointed W. Taylor issued a policy memorandum in chairman of the Criminal Injuries Compensa- Adrian Hayes is a journalist from Newmarket, ON, and April 1984 explaining under what situations tion Board, told the newspaper, “No there will may be contacted by email to [email protected]. the OPP could consider assuming policing be nothing coming... We had hoped to carry

FEBRUARY 2011 26 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Co-operative policing is the goal by Chris D. Lewis seeks to work cooperatively with its policing to move to, or from, OPP policing does not Commissioner – Ontario Provincial Police partners and community stakeholders to ensure mean that the existing service was inadequate quality policing services are delivered to the or sub-standard. After reading the December 2010 issue citizens of this province. As a member of OPP Command Staff for of Blue Line Magazine, I felt compelled to The excellent relationships that we enjoy many years, and now as the OPP Commis- respond to comments made in the Publisher ‘s within the broader policing community in sioner, I can assure you and your readers that Commentary section on page five. I would like Ontario are exemplified by the recent serious the OPP approaches costings and their related to respond to comments made characterizing and comprehensive investigations in Wood- discussions with professionalism. The Town the transfer of municipal policing services to stock and Belleville. These were successfully of Leamington has recently chosen to have its the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) as usually concluded through inter-jurisdictional policing policing services provided by the OPP and the “hostile” takeovers. cooperation and OPP assistance. transition to OPP services has been seamless. I would like to emphasize that the OPP In the face of serious financial challenges The Wawa Police Service will be amalgamated does not actively seek or, in any way, solicit and an increasingly complex social and tech- in the New Year following Wawa council’s policing agreements for municipal policing nological world, it is not surprising that mu- decision to accept OPP policing. The OPP has services. We do, however, respond to requests nicipalities re-evaluate the delivery of services welcomed many fine police officers and support for municipal costings as mandated under Sec- in their communities, which may involve staff in the past and we look forward to continu- tion 4 of the Police Services Act (PSA). The requesting a policing costing. I can assure ing to do so in the coming years. legislation clearly sets out that a municipality you that the OPP approaches these situations We are fully aware that municipal leaders is responsible “to provide adequate and ef- in an unbiased, non-partisan way, ultimately often face difficult decisions when balancing fective police services in accordance with seeking an outcome where the best interests their communities’ various needs and we will its needs.” of the community are achieved. Debate and continue to work together in the spirit of coop- Municipalities that maintain a municipal discussion centering on issues of financial eration, whatever the circumstances. police service must first write to the Minister of efficiency and quality of service can become Thank you for your attention to my Community Safety and Correctional Services passionate given that public safety is one of concerns. I appreciate the role of Blue Line to request a costing. Only upon approval of the the most important services a community’s to inform, educate and advocate for policing Minister can the OPP begin the development of government can provide. Finally, the decision excellence in our communities. a costing proposal for municipal policing. Fol- lowing a comprehensive costing process, which includes an analysis of workload and consulta- tion with the community and stakeholders, an OPP proposal is presented to municipal council. If council approves, application is then made by the municipality to the Ontario Civilian Police Commission to disband the municipal service in favour of contracting services with the OPP. The new policing model is subsequently evaluated by the Commission to ensure that the proposed new policing arrangement: • provides adequate and effective police ser- vices to the municipality; • provides facilities that are suitable for policing of the community; and • ensures current members of the municipal service are dealt with in a fair and reasonable manner. The OPP has successfully integrated hundreds of officers from 55 municipal po- lice services that have been disbanded by the Commission since 1985. Many have enjoyed long and successful careers and retired as OPP officers, while others continue to serve the citizens of communities across Ontario. Con- versely, it should be noted that since January 1, 1998, when Bill 105, the Police Services Amendment Act, came into effect, policing jurisdictions have also been transferred from the OPP, in whole or in part, to 16 municipalities. If a municipality decides not to accept the policing proposal, the OPP continues to work closely with our municipal policing partners to provide adequate and effective policing services to the citizens of Ontario. Ultimately, the OPP

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 27 FEBRUARY 2011 DEEP BLUE by Dorothy Cotton We all live with the details Does the name Howard Hyde ring a bell? Let me remind you. He died Nov. 22, 2007 at the Central Nova Scotia Correctional Facility in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia when his heart stopped. He also had a serious mental illness and was Tasered. These little bits of information do not really tell much of the story, however. I highly recommend you look at the inquiry report released in December – avail- able at http://www.courts.ns.ca/hyde_inquiry/ hyde_inquiry_report.pdf . However, I will also also wasn’t fond of his medication – or the warn you that the report is over 400 pages long, psychiatric system. so get out a good bottle of whiskey, stock the • He was also not terribly enamoured with fireplace with logs, turn off the phone and put police, as he had been apprehended in the a big pot of chili on the stove. past and “Tasered,” an experience he was I have a sneaking suspicion some of you traumatized by and very clearly never wanted may elect not to read it so allow me tell you to repeat. a little about Mr. Hyde and his interesting • On Nov. 21, 2007, his common law partner and complex situation. On the surface, he called police to report an assault. appears to be yet another person with a men- • Police attended and arrested him at about 1 am. tal illness who dies following an interaction • He was taken to “booking” where he seemed with police – and in particular, following an anxious and stressed but was generally co- encounter with a conducted energy weapon; operative, until he misunderstood a comment • He was arraigned later that day but kept but there was a long gap – 30-something of one officer, panicked and tried to escape overnight again, this time at the Central hours – between Mr. Hyde’s initial contact from the area. Nova Scotia Correctional Facility in a health with police and his death; and it is true that • He struggled with the officers there and as a segregation cell. somewhere in there a CEW was involved – result was Tasered. • On the morning of Nov. 22, 2007, he was again, many hours removed from his death. • He then became unconscious. taken from his cell to be transported to court. These isolated bits of information tell us little •  CPR and mouth to mouth resuscitation were • As he was walking down a long corridor, about the overall situation – and even less applied and he was revived. he became extremely frightened and tried about Mr. Hyde. • Paramedics arrived and he was taken to to run away. Once you get past that superficial analysis, hospital by ambulance. • He was resistive and then handcuffed and it turns out that his situation is not only tragic • He calmed down, was given psychiatric restrained. but also both interesting and informative in medication and kept for the rest of the night • He was taken to a search cell, struggled, was more ways than you can count. There are many in the ER. “proned out,” stopped breathing and died. lessons to be learned from his last couple of • The next day police took him to court – he One of the things that is particularly inter- days. For starters, let me tell you “the story:” never did see anyone from psychiatry. esting about Mr. Hyde’s story is that there do • Mr. Hyde had a long history of mental illness • He was taken back to booking and while ini- not appear to be bad guys and good guys. We (schizophrenia) and while he is described as tially okay, started getting upset and agitated generally like stories where there is a bad guy a sociable, outgoing and popular man with a after a while. who gets his just desserts. I actually read the variety of interests and talents when well, he • Later the was taken to the courthouse cells. whole report on this inquiry and while there are any number of things that might have been done better or different, I was unable to find a bad guy. Believe me, the cast was certainly large enough to support the presence of any num- ber of potential bad guys, but Mr. Hyde did not appear to be a bad guy – and none of the supporting cast fit the bill either. I cannot find a single person to whom I can point and say “See????? Don’t do that!!!” On the other hand, I am also not prepared to say “oh well... it was unavoidable. These things happen.” So the question is, given that this report is over 400 pages and the complex events and recommendations, what can I possibly say here that might make a difference in future cases? I will not wade into the CEW debate, talk about the need for integrated policy, stigma and

FEBRUARY 2011 28 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE mental illness, more services, better funding that there was a way for that to happen. Some for research and access to more diversified people chose their words badly in speaking types of treatment. to Mr. Hyde (I gotta say that even at the best I will not even talk about the necessity for of times, using the phrase “cut one of those more and better training and education – much balls off” to any male person is probably less as that is an area I have strong feelings about. than ideal.) I will refrain from discussing the complex There are 80 fine and substantial recom- decisions that must be made when a person mendations at the end of this report – and I is arrested for one thing, which dictates one agree with all of them, but those of us who course of action (e.g. domestic assault), and are frontline worker bees can’t really do much turns out to have other issues that affect the about most of them. (I will reiterate that it re- overall process (e.g. mental illness). ally is a seminal report and you really ought I will stay away from talking about the to read it.) way in which standard procedures (e.g. bail) What can we individually do to prevent can have an adverse effect on people who situations like this? Personally I think we can lack social supports because of the presence all work on the communication part. We can of mental illness. Each topic I have mentioned talk so people listen – and understand, we can is deserving of discussion and was important listen when people talk and ask when we don’t to the outcome of this story. Indeed, one could know. We can assume we are always missing write a book about all the issues arising from bits of information and take as a given that the Hyde Inquiry (and in fact, the Honourable there are things we don’t know – which just Judge Anne Derrick, author of this report, might lead us to find out what we don’t know. pretty well has. Did I mention you should One of the keys to communication is read it?) being able to put yourself in someone else’s Instead, I will talk about communica- shoes. I wonder what would have happened tion. As one pours over this excellent and in this case if every single person who had an comprehensive report, it becomes apparent interaction with Mr. Hyde along the way had that in many places along the way, a lot of stopped to think, “What do I need to know in information got lost. From the time that Mr. order to do my job safely and effectively – and Hyde’s partner phoned 911 until the time he I wonder what THAT NEXT PERSON needs died, it seems there were at least 50 people to know to be able to do his/her job safely and who had direct interactions with him. Police, effectively?” paramedics, nurses, more police, sheriffs, a Of course that assumes that we all have crown, correctional officers, another nurse... and the list goes on. There is a frequent refrain in the report that goes something like “and that piece of information wasn’t passed long,” “so and so did not have access to the information” or “no one reported that....” Mr. Hyde’s common law wife told things to the 911 dispatch person that never made it to the responding officers. These officers told things to other officers, some of whom told things to other officers. Some doctors gave information to other doctors that never got passed on. Doctors gave half bits of informa- tion to police, who passed on some but not all to correctional officers, who edited and... on and on. Some people knew that Mr. Hyde had a mental illness – and some did not. Some people knew he was terrified of police and the CEW – but others did not. Some knew he was supposed to be taking medication – but wasn’t – and others did not. Some people even tried to talk to Mr. Hyde and find out what the story was – but many did not. Some people knew he had been given medication at the ER and that it was wearing off – but most did not. Some people at the ER thought they knew what the role and respon- sibility of the police in this instance was – but they were wrong and either did not ask or did not listen to explanations – if the explanations were even offered. Some people assumed that certain things would happen to Mr. Hyde – like a return for a psychiatric assessment – but did not ensure

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 29 FEBRUARY 2011 some understanding of what the other person’s so people who interacted with him on Nov. job is. Alas, it is often the case that the ER 21 and 22 knew just this much about him, physician does not know what the police do, things might have ended differently. police may not understand what life is like 3. It would be ideal if it did not take 50 people for a correctional officer and no one really to escort someone like Mr. Hyde through the understands what it is like to be terrified or system – but until that changes, how about paranoid – but if you don’t know, then ask!!! starting each “hand off” with the question And if you ask, be prepared to listen to the “Is there any other information I should be answer. (As one wise senior police official passing on to these folks?” Similarly, when once told me, “It took me a long time to learn you are on the receiving end of a transfer, that waiting my turn to talk wasn’t the same how about asking, “Is there anything else I thing as listening.”) should know, anything else you can tell me MY recommendations from this inquiry? about Mr. X?” 1. Choose your words carefully. Whether Howard Hyde’s case makes you realize that you are referring to a person with a mental every case can have a bad ending – even when illness or giving instructions about safety, there are no major mistakes. It’s all in the de- think about the words that come out of your tails. Let the politicians and bureaucrats worry mouth. The old adage that “sticks and stones about the policy. We live in the details – and may break my bones but words will never that can make all the difference to the outcome. hurt me” is entirely untrue. We tend to be a bit rude and crude in our lines of work. Skip Dr. Dorothy Cotton is Blue Line’s psychology columnist, the jargon and slang, don’t be cute. Speak she can be reached at [email protected] in simple and clear language – and provide more information than you are required to rather than less. 2. Think about each person you interact with as a person – and make sure you ask and listen to enough information to form a sense of who they are. Mr. Hyde wasn’t just a man who perpetrated a domestic assault. He was a musician, a man with a mental illness, a man who had been Tasered before and was very frightened. If every one of the 50 or

FEBRUARY 2011 30 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Invest in your career Take Blue Line training courses

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As the founder of CIK Marketing, Chantielle Kennedy has helped numerous Ontario police services expand their understanding of social networks and engage with civilians via online platforms. This half day course, will discuss the benefits associated with creating and com- municating via popular online networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.

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Transitional Tactics for the Combative Subject April 26, $250.00 + HST

This course will help Law Enforcement and Fire/EMS to rapidly identify, and be prepared for a crisis dealing with an agitated or combative individual needing rapid treatment and transport to the nearest Emergency Department. The goal is to help minimize the possibility of injury to the suspect and the First Responders in the field. The techniques and tactics taught go beyond didactic presentations to hands-on learn- ing. This course offers a task oriented team approach to the agitated suspect that does not comply with traditional compliance techniques.

Instructor: Michael Weaver is a 15 year veteran of the Everett Fire Department as a Firefighter/Paramedic. He is an author, in- structor and advocate for the safety of all first responders. A U.S. Army Veteran, Michael volunteered for 2nd ranger battalion and successfully completed the U.S. Army Ranger School. “http://community.fireengineering.com/profile/MichaelWWeaver”

The Non-Accusatory Interview Technique April 26, $250.00 + HST This topic is designed for all police officers as well as private investigators and security people involved in interviewing suspects and/or victims.

Learn the basics of: • Conducting an investigative interview in a conversational setting with the emphasis on obtaining important information. • How to establish a “free-flowing” interchange between the subject and the interviewer. • How to plan and enter into an interview and get the subject talking and keep them talking. • Current legal status of investigative interviews and how far you can pursue the truth in a legal manner.

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2011 April 26 & 27, 9am - 4pm Pre-registration & Info at BlueLine.ca BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 31 FEBRUARY 2011 Invest in your career Take Blue Line training courses

Street Drug Awareness April 27, $250.00 + HST This course is unique in its scope providing important and relevant information concerning the world of street drugs to field level law enforcement officers. In this one-day course you will learn clandestine laboratory safety, recognition and investigation, current drug trends, and how to recognize drug use and handle users.

Instructor: Det. Steve Walton (retired) worked 10 of his 25 year policing career with a drug unit. He has investigated more than 300 grow operations and supervised under cover teams with 120 drug operations. He is a qualified drug expert and actively instructs in the area of drug education and investigative techniques.

Detecting and Defusing Deception April 27, $250.00 + HST This topic is of interest to all police officers as well as private investigators and security people involved in interviewing suspects and/or victims.

In this course you will learn: • How deceptive subjects act? • What they say and how they say it? • What they do when faced with certain probing or bait questions? • We will also cover some of the latest findings in this field and dispel some of the myths about lying.

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Terrorism Awareness and Interdiction April 27, $250.00 + HST Further information to come.

FREE admission to the Blue Line Trade Show with course registration. Canada’s largest law enforcement exhibition of the latest products and in-demand services. Course location offers FREE parking, easy access to several major highways, a wide range of hotels, restaurants and amenities. 2011 FEBRUARYApril 201126 & 27, 9am - 4pm 32 Pre-registration & Info atBLUE BlueLine.ca LINE MAGAZINE Supply Service &G uide 2011

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& Binoculars & Telescopes Forensic Services & Equipment General Police Supply Night Vision Equipment Form Holders Vehicles – Accessories Surveillance General Police Supply Small Craft Training Body Armour GPS & Mapping Surveillance Bomb Disposal Vehicle Tracking Equipment Binoculars & Telescopes Hazardous Material Handling Gloves Cameras Hazmat Equipment Hazardous Material Handling CCTV, Film Boots, Shoes & Footwear General Police Supply Security – Perimeter Footwear Hats & Head Protection Video – Mobile & Surveillance General Police Supply Hazardous Material Handling Switches & Control Systems Breathing Apparatus Bomb Disposal Systems Integration & Support Bullet Traps Eye, Ear & Skin Protection Tactical Team Equipment Cameras General Police Supply Body Armour Security – Perimeter Control Gloves General Police Supply Video – Mobile & Surveillance Safety & Rescue Equipment Telemetry Equipment Cases, Duty Bags, Storage Hazmat Equipment Thermal Imaging General Police Supply Helicopters & Equipment Ticket Holders CCTV, Film Holsters & Accessories Training Courses & Services Surveillance Weapons – Accessories Audio/Video Aids Cigars & Accessories ID Holders Publishers, Books, Printing Citation Issuance Inert Explosive Devices Trauma Scene Cleaning Cleaning – Sanitization Investigative Support Services Uniforms & Accessories Clothing & Outerwear Forensic Aids & Investigations Clothing & Outerwear General Police Supply Jewelry Emblems Uniforms & Accessories Awards, Badges, Pins General Police Supply Collision Reporting Centres Promotional Items Holsters & Accessories Commercial Vehicle Enforcement Key Control Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Communications – Base Stations Legal Services Vacations Computer – Dispatching Licence Plate Recognition Vacuum Sewer Technology Communications – Consultant Lights – Portable Vehicles – Accessories Communications – Handheld Memo Books Fleet Graphics Communications – Mobile Evidence Notebooks Sirens & Emergency Lighting Computer – Accessories Motorcycles & Supplies Vehicles – Lightbars Computer – Dispatching Vehicles – Off Road Vehicles – Off Road Communications-Base Stations Narcotics Equipment & Drug Tests Helicopters Computer – Forensics Forensic Services & Equipment Motorcycles & Supplies Computer – Hardware Night Vision Equipment Vehicles – Restoration Computer – Laptops Cameras Vehicles – Specialty Computer – Records Mgmt Nutrition Vehicles – Tracking Equipment Computer – Software Office Equipment & Supply GPS & Mapping Computer – Training Paging Vessels – Accessories Conflict Resolution Parking Permit System Vessels – Simulation Training Cooling Vests Peace Operations Video – Mobile & Surveillance Counterfeit & Detections/Fraud Pens Security – Perimeter Courtmounting, Minis & Ribbon Bars Awards, Badges, Pins Surveillance Crime Scene Reconstruction Promotional Items Video – Training Critical Incident Stress Mgmt Photo Identification Voice Logging Systems Data Collection Photo Imaging Weapons – Accessories Data Mining, Data Recovery Photography Holsters & Accessories Defibrillators Cameras Weapons – Maintenance Digital Imaging Forensic Services & Equipment Weapons – Non-lethal Cameras Video – Mobile & Surveillance Batons Disaster Planning & Recovery Surveillance Firearms – Simulation Training Display Trailers Promotional Items Weapons – Security Distance Education Awards, Badges, Pins Weapons – Training DNA Testing Services Jewelry & Pens Weather Monitoring Dog Training & Supplies Protective Services Window Films

CATEGORY INDEX CATEGORY Door Security Publishers, Books, Printing Wireless Communications

FEBRUARY 2011 34 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Accident Reconstruction One Shot Tactical Supply Cigars & Accessories & Visual Planning Corporation Stoeger Canada Constable Cigar Company Addiction Treatment The Cdn Outdoor Equipment Co Cleaning – Sanitization CanAm IVD Biotechnologies Body Armour Best Glove Alcohol Detection Devices Armor Express

Clothing & Outerwear S Armor Works 3M Canada Company Bosik Technologies Ltd 5.11 Tactical DuPont Canada Inc

911 Supply S FELLFAB Limited Blackhawk Products Group ervice In the Line of Fire Inc CPGear Tactical G M D Charlton Co Ltd

CSE Ltd upply One Shot Tactical Supply Copperbob Inc uide Draeger Safety Canada Ltd Pacific Safety Products Inc D S Tactical R Nicholls Distributors Inc DuPont Canada Inc RadioWorks Gordon Contract

Safariland 2011 Ingo Global SEALS Action Gear Teijin Aramid Integral Tactical Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Boots, Shoes & Footwear 911 Supply Levitt Safety Ltd Alberta Boot Co OPC Tuck Shop Ammunition R Nicholls Distributors Inc CRAFM Inc

Remington/Gravel Agency Korth Group SEALS Action Gear Lamperd Less Lethal Inc R Nicholls Distributors Inc Steelite Tactical Gear Remington/Gravel Agency Stokes International Target Sports The Cdn Outdoor Equipment Co The Shooting Edge The Patchman CPGear Tactical The Tactical Shop Corp D S Tactical Collision Reporting Centres ECCO Shoes Canada Accident Support Services Int’l Gordon Contract Commercial Vehicle Enforcement Kolder Canada Levitt Safety Ltd M D Charlton Co Ltd Architecture & Engineering Oakley Canada CS&P Architects Inc One Shot Tactical Supply Asset Management System The Tactical Shop Corp Tec-Garde Mobile Solutions Ltd Wolverine World Wide Asset Tracking Work Authority Communications – Base Stations Breathing Apparatus Gamber-Johnson

RadioWorks PRODUCTLISTING Tec-Garde Mobile Solutions Ltd Draeger Safety Canada Ltd Motorola Canada Inc Associations The Cdn Outdoor Equipment Co Priority Dispatch International Police Association Bullet Traps Communications – Consultant International Assoc for Property Bosik Technologies Ltd Headset.com and Evidence MGM Targets Motorola Canada Inc Audio/Video Aids Cameras Priority Dispatch Music Pro Ltd Canon Canada Communications – Handheld Visual Planning Corporation Cruisercam Bell Mobility Winsted Group Inc Digital Ally CanCom Radio Accessories Xacore Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital Comtrex Communications Awards, Badges, Pins Integrys Ltd Headset.com Music Pro Ltd Motorola Canada Inc Sony Canada Winsted Group Inc Telus Mobility Cases, Duty Bags, Storage Communications – Mobile Bell Mobility Comtrex Communications Gamber-Johnson Glentel Constable Cigar Company Groupe Techna Fisher Space Pen Headset.com Mr. Pin Man Inc LightSquared Peak Time Corp Motorola Canada Inc Pride in Service 911 Supply Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Telus Mobility Stokes International WCI Whyte Communications Strath Craft Ltd Inc & Fleet Services Sun Badge Company Xacore Batons Dummies Unlimited Compliance Services Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Digital Boundary Group Batteries Computer – Accessories Aero Supplies Safety Products Gamber-Johnson CRAFM Inc One Shot Tactical Supply IBM Canada Ltd Keenbeam The Tactical Shop Corp Computer – Dispatching SureFire Priority Dispatch Bicycles & Supplies Computer – Forensics CSE Ltd Music Pro Ltd Binoculars & Telescopes Computer – Hardware Canadian Outdoor Distributing Automotive Technology Group Infrared Technologies Canada EPI911 Emergency Products

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 35 FEBRUARY 2011 Gamber-Johnson DNA Testing Services Sturm, Ruger & Company Inc General Dynamics Itronix Maxxam TI Training IBM Canada Ltd Orchid Cellmark Firearms – Training Facility TME Toronto Microelectronics Wyndham Forensic Group Inc CRAFM Inc Computer – Laptops Dog Training & Supplies Meggitt Training Systems Can D&R Electronics Co Ltd All K-9 Inc Target Sports General Dynamics Itronix CSE Ltd The Shooting Edge 2011 Getac Inc Can Am Training Supplies TI Training Panasonic Canada Inc E-Services First Aid & Medical Supplies WCI Whyte Communications CPKN – Canadian Police CTOMS Inc Inc & Fleet Services Cardiac Science uide Knowledge Network upply Computer – Records / Management E-ticketing Clyns Brands G MediaSolv Solutions Corp Saltus Technologies - digiTICKET HeartZapServices Inc Computer – Software Laerdal Medical Canada Ltd

ervice Emblems & Decals S Canada Law Book, a Thomson Artcal Graphics Pelican Products Canada Reuters business Mr. Pin Man Inc Philips Healthcare ESRI St John Ambulance

S The Patchman Fleet Graphics IBM Canada Ltd Evidence Notebooks Intergraph Canada Artcal Graphics Triform The Patchman MediaSolv Solutions Corp Visual Planning Corporation Oculus Forensic Aids & Investigations Evidence/Exhibit Storage Cogent Systems & TME Toronto Microelectronics MediaSolv Solutions Corp Virtual Front Counter Forensic Services & Equipment Exercise Equipment & Clothing Lifeloc Technologies Inc by BackCheck Copperbob Inc Vortex Connect Orchid Cellmark Eye Care Pelican Products Canada Computer – Storage Devices TLC Laser Eye Centers Crown North America Wyndham Forensic Group Inc MediaSolv Solutions Corp Eye, Ear & Skin Protection General Police Supply 3M Canada Company 911 Gear Conflict Resolution Aero Supplies Safety Products FORTLOG Services Best Glove Counselling Services FORTLOG Services Blackhawk Products Group The Smart Divorce CPGear Tactical CanCom Radio Accessories Counterfeit & Detections / Fraud CashTech Currency Products Inc Clyns Brands Courtmounting, Miniatures & Ribbon Oakley Canada SRS Tactical Badge and Wallet SureFire Blackhawk Products Group Xacore Copperbob Inc Fabric Manufacturer Dummies Unlimited FELLFAB Limited FELLFAB Limited Facilitators Ingo Global FORTLOG Services Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Critical Incident Stress Management Financial Planning/Insurance Levitt Safety Ltd FORTLOG Services CODE ZERO Licensing Int’l Inc Lifeloc Technologies Inc Data Collection Firearms – Simulation Training Marketeks Tec-Garde Mobile Solutions Ltd CAPS Inc OPC Tuck Shop Vortex Connect Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Valley Associates Defensive Tactics Training Meggitt Training Systems Can Gloves Bosik Technologies Ltd Firearms – Training 911 Supply CSE Ltd 5.11 Tactical Best Glove Lamperd Less Lethal Inc CAPS Inc CTOMS Inc Shocknife Inc Colt Canada Franklin Sports/Uniforce Defibrillators Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Tactical Gloves Cardiac Science Meggitt Training Systems Can Oakley Canada HeartZapServices Inc One Shot Tactical Supply Safariland Laerdal Medical Canada Ltd Smith & Wesson GPS / Mapping Philips Healthcare TI Training ACF Com Services Inc R Nicholls Distributors Inc Target Sports ESRI Digital Imaging The Shooting Edge Pitney Bowes Business Insight Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital Firearms – Training Equipment Prairie Geomatics Ltd Integrys Ltd Ammo-Safe Inc Tec-Garde Mobile Solutions Ltd Distance Education CAPS Inc TME Toronto Microelectronics American Military University Glock Inc Vortex Connect Athabasca University Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Hats & Head Protection CPKN – Canadian Police Armor Express Knowledge Network CPGear Tactical Stokes International Teijin Aramid Hazmat Equipment AIRVAC Environmental Group Draeger Safety Canada Ltd MGM Targets Hazmat Handling Pelican Products Canada Best Glove Lakeland College Smith & Wesson Health Care Royal Roads University SRS Tactical St John Ambulance University of Guelph TLC Laser Eye Centers PRODUCT LISTING PRODUCT Stoeger Canada

FEBRUARY 2011 36 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Helicopters & Equipment Motorcycles & Supplies Dundurn Press & Bell Helicopter CSE Ltd Emond Montgomery Publications Eurocopter Canada Limited Digital Ally Radar & Speed Equipment Holsters & Accessories Prairie Geomatics Ltd

911 Supply Narcotics Equipment / Drug Tests S Blackhawk Products Group CRAFM Inc S

Lamperd Less Lethal Inc ervice R Nicholls Distributors Inc

Safariland G International Road Dynamics upply uide Lifeloc Technologies Inc Night Vision Equipment 2011

HR Consulting & Support R Nicholls Distributors Inc Conestoga College WCI Whyte Communications ID Holders Inc & Fleet Services Ahearn and Soper Infrared Technologies Canada Range Supplies CashTech Currency Products Inc Kimber Mfg Inc MGM Targets Lamperd Less Lethal Inc One Shot Tactical Supply Real Estate, Relocation Stokes International Pelican Products Canada Real Estate for Heroes Inert Explosive Devices R Nicholls Distributors Inc Royal LePage Kingsbury Realty Securesearch Inc Wolverine Supplies Records Management Investigative Support Services Office Equipment & Supply MediaSolv Solutions Corp Oculus Ahearn and Soper Vortex Connect Wicklander-Zulawski & Brother International Corp. Records Management System Associates Inc (Canada) Ltd Triform Wyndham Forensic Group Inc Cancard Inc Recruitment & Selection Jewellery Panasonic Canada Inc Conestoga College Mr. Pin Man Inc Visual Planning Corporation John E. Reid and Associates Pride in Service Parking Systems Restraining Devices Laser Rangefinders Digital Payment Technologies R Nicholls Distributors Inc Stoeger Canada Peace Operations Visual Planning Corporation Wolverine Supplies CSE Ltd Riflescopes License Plate Recognition Pens Aimpoint Inc Fisher Space Pen CRAFM Inc

Elsag North America PRODUCTLISTING Groupe Techna Mr. Pin Man Inc Canadian Outdoor Distributing Integrys Ltd SureFire Colt Canada RadioWorks Photo Identification Infrared Technologies Canada Whelen Engineering Cancard Inc Kimber Mfg Inc Korth Group Lights – Portable CashTech Currency Products Inc Photo Imaging One Shot Tactical Supply 911 Supply Remington/Gravel Agency Aero Supplies Safety Products Canon Canada Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital Stoeger Canada Sony Canada Wolverine Supplies Photography Robots Digital Ally ITS Canada Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital Safety & Rescue Equipment Promotional Items 3M Canada Company Copperbob Inc Digital Ally Aero Supplies Safety Products Fisher Space Pen Fenix Tactical CanCom Radio Accessories Mr. Pin Man Inc Golight Inc Code 3 My Discovery Tour by Keenbeam CSE Ltd Cannetic Travel Kolder Canada CTOMS Inc Peak Time Corp Mag Instrument Inc Diver Certification Board of Can Robert Howson – 911 Portraits Marketeks Draeger Safety Canada Ltd Strath Craft Ltd Pelican Products Canada FELLFAB Limited PT Lights The Patchman HeartZapServices Inc SureFire Publishers, Books, Printing Integral Tactical Baywood Publishing Co Inc The Cdn Outdoor Equipment Co International Road Dynamics Whitmore & Hobbs Emergency JbWand Technologies M D Charlton Co Ltd Marine – Rigid Hull Inflatable Boats MSA – The Safety Company Zodiac Hurricane Tech Inc Pelican Products Canada Marine Electronics Prairie Geomatics Ltd Schools / Institutions Infrared Technologies Canada Canada Law Book, a Thomson Memo Books American Military University Reuters business Athabasca University CPKN – Canadian Police Knowledge Network Canadian Police College Conestoga College Dalhousie University Fleming College

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 37 FEBRUARY 2011 HBI College Glock Inc Stokes International JIBC Emergency Management In the Line of Fire Inc The Patchman Division Integral Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles & Training John E. Reid and Associates Korth Group Cdn Centre for Unmanned Lakeland College One Shot Tactical Supply Vehicle Systems Lifeloc Technologies Inc Pelican Products Canada Vacations Memorial University of Nfld & Safariland My Discovery Tour by 2011 Labrador Cannetic Travel Meritus University TravelOnly Niagara University Vacations for Heroes Royal Roads University Vacuum Sewer Technology uide upply University of Guelph AIRVAC Environmental Group

G University of Guelph-Humber Vehicles – Accessories Security – Consulting & Systems ervice S Digital Boundary Group Smith & Wesson Security – Identification SRS Tactical Ahearn and Soper Sturm, Ruger & Company Inc S Cancard Inc The Tactical Shop Corp CashTech Currency Products Inc Whitmore & Hobbs Emergency Virtual Front Counter Technologies by BackCheck Thermal Imaging Automotive Technology Group Security – Penal Institutions Draeger Safety Canada Ltd Big Sky Racks & Lifeloc Technologies Inc Infrared Technologies Canada CODE ZERO Licensing Int’l Inc Security – Perimeter Kimber Mfg Inc Crown North America Bosik Technologies Ltd R Nicholls Distributors Inc DiCAN Inc Security – Training Winsted Group Inc EPI911 Emergency Products CODE ZERO Licensing Int’l Inc Wolverine Supplies Federal Signal Corporation Conestoga College Training Courses & Services Ford Motor Company of Can Digital Boundary Group American Military University Gamber-Johnson Emond Montgomery Publications BCIT Centre for Forensics & GM Fleet Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Security Technology Studies Intercel Communications Inc Security Products Kerr Industries 3M Window Film Solutions PES CANADA CRD Distribution Inc/Dahle Can R Nicholls Distributors Inc International Road Dynamics Raybestos Brakes ITS Canada Sterlmar Equipment Lamperd Less Lethal Inc WCI Whyte Communications Morpho Trac Inc & Fleet Services Panasonic Canada Inc CAPS Inc Whelen Engineering CODE ZERO Licensing Int’l Inc Simulation Training – Marine Vehicles – Lightbars Diver Certification Board of Can CPKN – Canadian Police Automotive Technology Group Knowledge Network Code 3 Sirens & Emergency Lighting CTRI Inc ACF Com Services Inc Crown North America Emond Montgomery Publications Automotive Technology Group D&R Electronics Co Ltd Fleming College D&R Electronics Co Ltd EPI911 Emergency Products FORTLOG Services Federal Signal Corporation EPI911 Emergency Products HBI College Golight Inc Federal Signal Corporation International Assoc. for Kerr Industries Kerr Industries Property & Evidence PES CANADA Mega Tech JIBC Emergency Management RadioWorks PES CANADA Division Sterlmar Equipment Sterlmar Equipment Whelen Engineering WCI Whyte Communications Whitmore & Hobbs Emergency Whelen Engineering Technologies Whitmore & Hobbs Emergency Vehicles – Off Road Technologies Crown North America Small Craft Training Federal Signal Corporation Diver Certification Board of Can Vehicles – Restoration Surveillance Lakeland College Artcal Graphics Cruisercam Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Vehicles – Specialty ITS Canada Meritus University Bell Helicopter Korth Group MFI Canada CODE ZERO Licensing Int’l Inc MobileLBS The Canadian Institute Cdn Centre for Unmanned Oculus University of Guelph Vehicle Systems Switches and Control Systems University of Guelph-Humber Chrysler Canada Inc Automotive Technology Group Wicklander-Zulawski & Crown North America D&R Electronics Co Ltd Asssociates Inc Ford Motor Company of Can EPI911 Emergency Products Wyndham Forensic Group Inc GM Fleet PES CANADA Uniforms & Accessories IBS Sigma Whelen Engineering 3M Canada Company Intercel Communications Inc Tactical Team Equipment Badge and Wallet Kerr Industries Aero Supplies Safety Products CSE Ltd PES CANADA Aimpoint Inc Copperbob Inc Sterlmar Equipment Armor Express Gordon Contract Vehicles – Tracking Equipment Armor Works Ingo Global ACF Com Services Inc Bosik Technologies Ltd Integral Tactical D&R Electronics Co Ltd CSE Ltd M D Charlton Co Ltd Intergraph Canada CanCom Radio Accessories One Shot Tactical Supply International Road Dynamics D S Tactical PRODUCT LISTING PRODUCT SEALS Action Gear Oculus

FEBRUARY 2011 38 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE RadioWorks MilArm Co Ltd Shocknife Inc & Vessels – Accessories One Shot Tactical Supply Stoeger Canada Zodiac Hurricane Tech Inc Police Ordnance Co Inc Whitmore & Hobbs Emergency Vessels – Simulation Training R Nicholls Distributors Inc Technologies

Diver Certification Board of Can Remington/Gravel Agency Weapons – Security S Video – Mobile & Surveillance Safariland Police Ordnance Co Inc iRes Technology Corp Smith & Wesson Weapons – Training

Music Pro Ltd S Sturm, Ruger & Company Inc CAPS Inc ervice Winsted Group Inc Target Sports Colt Canada Voice Logging Systems The Shooting Edge Lamperd Less Lethal Inc G

CVDS Inc upply

Vault Distribution Inc Meggitt Training Systems Can uide Philips Speech Processing Wolverine Supplies One Shot Tactical Supply Weapons – Accessories 5.11 Tactical Weapons – Maintenance Shocknife Inc Aimpoint Inc Colt Canada Target Sports Ammo-Safe Inc Glock Inc The Shooting Edge 2011 Big Sky Racks Smith & Wesson TI Training Blackhawk Products Group Weapons – Non-Lethal Window Films CPGear Tactical 3M Window Film Solutions CTOMS Inc Wireless Communications Colt Canada ACF Com Services Inc

D S Tactical CalAmp Glock Inc CanCom Radio Accessories Kimber Mfg Inc Glentel Korth Group Oculus IBS Sigma SRS Tactical Kimber Mfg Inc Tec-Garde Mobile Solutions Ltd Kolder Canada Telus Mobility Lamperd Less Lethal Inc Vortex Connect M D Charlton Co Ltd Police Ordnance Co Inc PRODUCTLISTING

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 39 FEBRUARY 2011 American Military University Blackhawk Products Group See Advertisers Directory Charles Town, WV Norfolk, VA & BlueLinks at blueline.ca 877-777-9081 757-436-3101 www.amu.apus.edu www.blackhawk.com 3M Canada Company London, ON Ammo-Safe Inc Blue Line Magazine Inc 888-3M HELPS Cranston, RI Markham, ON 2011 www.solutions.3mcanada.ca 866-467-9723 905-640-3048 www.ammo-safe.com www.blueline.ca 3M Window Film Solutions Toronto, ON Armor Express Bosik Technologies Ltd. uide upply 416-233-6900 Central Lake, MI Ottawa, ON

G www.conveniencegroup.com 866-357-3845 613-822-8898 www.armorexpress.com www.bosik.com ervice S 5.11 Tactical Modesto, CA Armor Works Brother Int’l Corp. (Canada) Ltd 866-451-1726 Waterdown, ON Montreal, PQ S www.511tactical.com 905-689-0564 888-637-1317 www.armorworks.com www.brother.ca 911 Gear Markham, ON Artcal Graphics 416-432-1515 London, ON & www.911gear.ca 800-265-6128 C www.artcal.com CalAmp 911 Supply Waseca, MN Calgary, AB Athabasca University 805-987-9000 403-287-1911 Athabasca, AB www.calamp.com www.911Supply.ca 780-675-6365 www.athabascau.ca Can-Am Training Supplies St. Chrystome, QC Automotive Technology Group 450-826-0820 Mississauga, ON www.canam-k9.com Accident SupportA Services Int’l 905-238-9933 Toronto, ON www.vehicleemergencyproducts.com Canada Law Book, 416-745-3301 a Thomson Reuters business www.accsupport.com Aurora, ON 905-841-6472 ACF Communication Services Inc www.canadalawbook.ca Stouffville, ON Badge and WalletB 905-640-8336 Delta, BC Canadian Centre for Unmanned www.acfcommunications.ca 604-502-9907 Vehicle Systems www.badgeandwallet.com Medicine Hat, AB Aero Supplies Safety Products 403-488-7208 Mississauga, ON Bates Footwear www.ccuvs.com 905-405-9355 Oakville, ON www.areosafetyproducts.com 905-847-1682 Canadian Outdoor Distributing www.batesfootwear.com Cobourg, ON Ahearn and Soper 866-966-0406 Pickering, ON Baywood Publishing Company Inc www.canodi.ca 905-420-1639 Amityville, NY www.ahearn.com 631-691-1270 Canadian Police College www.baywood.com Ottawa, ON 613-993-0406 Aimpoint, Inc. www.cpc.gc.ca Chantilly, VA BCIT Centre for Forensics & Security Technology Studies 703-263-9795 CanAm IVD Biotechnologies Burnaby, BC www.aimpoint.com Penetanguishene, ON 604-412-7436 705-549-9184 AIRVAC Environmental Group www.bcit.ca/cas/forensics www.canambiotech.com Rochester, IN 574-223-3980 Bell Helicopter Cancard Inc www.airvac.com Mirabel, QC Markham, ON 450-437-3400 416-449-8111 Alberta Boot Co www.bellhelicopter.com www.cancard.com Calgary, AB 403-263-4605 Bell Mobility CanCom Radio Accessories www.albertaboot.com Mississauga, ON Orillia, ON 800-667-0123 705-326-5677 All K-9 Inc www.bellmobility.ca www.cancomradioaccessories.com Fresno, CA 559-495-9653 Best Glove Canon Canada www.allk-9.com Knowlton, QC Mississauga, ON 866-266-0827 905-795-2111 ALS Technologies Inc www.bestglove.com www.canon.com Bull Shoals, AZ 877-902-4257 Big Sky Racks CAPS Inc www.lesslethal.com Bozeman, MT Pierrefonds, QC 406 586-9393 866-559-8591

CORPORATE LISTING CORPORATE www.bigskyracks.com www.caps-inc.com

FEBRUARY 2011 40 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Cardiac Science CRAFM Inc DiCAN Inc & Bothwell, WA Lachine, QC Burlington, ON 425-420-2000 514-635-4867 905-937-9652 www.cardiacscience.com www.crafm.com www.dicaninc.com

S Carswell, a Thomson Reuters CRD Distribution Inc./Dahle Canada Digital Ally business London, ON Overland Park, KS

877-974-3678 800-440-4947 S Toronto, ON ervice 800-387-5164 www.dahle.ca www.digitalallyinc.com www.carswell.com G

Crown North America Digital Boundary Group upply CashTech Currency Products Inc Oakville, ON London, ON uide Mississauga, ON 888-867-4545 800-747-3557 800-268-5457 www.leggettcvp.com www.digitalboundary.net

www.cashtechcurrency.com 2011 Cruisercam Digital Payment Technologies Chrysler Canada Inc Redcliff, AB Burnaby, BC Mississauga, ON 403-548-3020 888-687-6822 800-463-3600 www.cruisercam.ca www.digitalpaytech.com www.fleetchrysler.ca CS&P Architects Inc Diver Certification Board of Canada Clyns Brands Toronto, ON Halifax, NS Erlanger, KY 416-482-5002 902-465-3483 877-462-5967 www.csparch.com www.divercertification.com www.myclyns.ca CSE Ltd Draeger Safety Canada Ltd Code 3 Public Safety Equipment Calgary, AB Mississauga, ON St. Louis, MO 403-692-6667 905-821-8988 314-426-2700 www.cse-limited.com www.draeger.ca www.code3pse.com CTOMS Inc Dummies Unlimited Edmonton, AB Pomona, CA CODE ZERO Licensing Int’l Inc 780-469-6106 909-392-7502 Vancouver, BC www.ctoms.ca www.dummiesunlimited.com 888-263-3040 www.codezerodriving.com CTRI Inc Dundurn Press CORPORATE LISTING Winnipeg, MB Toronto, ON Cogent Systems 204-452-9199 416-214-5544 Ottawa, ON www.ctrinstitute.com www.dundurn.com 613-216-6215 www.cogentsystems.com Current Corporation DuPont Canada Inc Port Moody, BC Mississauga, ON Colt Canada 604-461-5555 905-821-5858 Kitchener, ON www.currentcorp.com www.dupont.ca 519-893-6840 www.coltcanada.com CVDS Inc Pointe-Claire, QC Comtrex Communications 514-426-7879 Toronto, ON www.cvds.com E 416-531-4405 ECCO Shoes Canada www.comtrexcommunications.com Markham, ON 905-475-9444 Conestoga College www.ecco.com Kitchener, ON D S Tactical D 519-748-5220 Elsag North America New Westminster, BC Brewster, NY www.conestogac.on.ca 604-524-5867 866-967-4900 www.dstactical.com www.elsag.com Constable Cigar Company Grand Valley, ON D&R Electronics Co Ltd Emond Montgomery Publications 877-229-2247 Bolton, ON Toronto, ON www.policepride.com 800-538-7338 416-975-3925 www.dandrelectronics.com www.emp.ca Copperbob Inc Markham, ON Dalhousie University EPI911 Emergency Products 416-573-0111 Halifax, NS Woodbridge, ON www.copperbob.com 902-494-2526 905-918-0911 www.dal.ca/cce www.epi911.com CPGear Tactical Fredericton, NB Davtech Analytical Services (Canada) Inc ESRI 506-444-8959 Ottawa, ON Toronto, ON www.cpgear.com 800-331-5815 416-441-6035 www.davtech.ca www.esri.com CPKN – Canadian Police Knowledge Network Defense Aerosols Eurocopter Canada Limited Charlottetown, PE Victoria, BC Fort Erie, ON 902-629-4278 888-233-3340 800-267-4999 www.cpkn.ca www.defenseaerosols.com www.eurocopter.com

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 41 FEBRUARY 2011 Golight Inc Intergraph Canada Culbertson, NE Calgary, AB Federal Signal CorporationF 308-278-3131 403-569-5596 University Park, IL www.golight.com www.intergraph.ca 800-264-3578 www.fedsig.com Gordon Contract International Assoc. for Property Toronto, ON & Evidence 2011 FELLFAB Limited 416-840-525 Burbank, CA Hamilton, ON www.gordoncontract.ca 818-846-2926 905-560-9230 www.iape.org www.fellfab.ca Groupe Techna uide upply Montreal, QC International Police Association

G Fenix Tactical 514-953-9898 Brampton, ON Mississauga, ON www.gtechna.com www.ipa.ca ervice S 416-836-6240 www.fenixtactical.com International Road Dynamics Saskatoon, SK S Fisher Space Pen H 306-653-6600 Gormley, ON HBI College www.irdinc.com 888-772-2350 Mississauga, ON www.spacepen.ca 905-949-9400 www.hbicollege.com iRes Technology Corp Toronto, ON & Fleming College Headset.com 416-642-3997 Peterborough, ON www.irestechnology.com 866-353-6464 Toronto, ON www.flemingc.on.ca 800-583-5500 www.headset.com ITS Canada Whitby, ON Ford Motor Company of Canada Ltd HeartZapServices Inc 905-665-9921 Oakville, ON www.its.ca 800-668-5515 North Bay, ON www.fleet.ford.ca 866-764-8488 www.heartzap.ca Forensic Art by Diana Trepkov Ajax, ON Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital 647-519-9660 Toronto, ON JbWand J 416-868-0872 www.forensicsbydiana.com Bolton, ON www.henrys.com 647-404-7561 FORTLOG Services www.jbwand.com Ottawa, ON 613-799-1050 JIBC Emergency Management www.fortlog.org IBM Canada Ltd I Division New Westminster, BC Franklin Sports/Uniforce Tactical Markham, ON 905-316-5000 604-528-5800 Gloves www.jibc.ca/emergency Stoughton, MA www.ibm.ca 781-344-1111 IBS Sigma John E. Reid and Associates www.uniforcetactical.com St-Sauveur, QC Chicago, IL 514-744-5082 800-255-5747 www.ibssigma.com www.reid.com

Gamber-JohnsonG In the Line of Fire Inc Stevens Point, WI Edmonton, AB 877-412-6577 780-758-3667 www.gamberjohnson.com www.LineofFire.ca Keenbeam K General Dynamics Itronix Infrared Technologies Canada Renfrew, ON Spokane Valley, WA Vancouver, BC 613-570-1235 954-846-3000 604-294-3944 www.keenbeam.com www.gd-itronix.com www.infraredtechnologiescanada.com Kerr Industries Getac Inc Ingo Global Oshawa, ON Irvine, CA Waterloo, ON 905-725-6561 949-681-2900 519-884-8180 www.kerrindustries.ca www.getac.com www.ingosweaters.com Kimber Mfg Inc Glentel Integral Tactical Kalispell, MT Burnaby, BC Calgary, AB 914-909-1900 800-453-6835 403-640-1445 www.kimberamerica.com www.glentel.com www.integraltactical.com Kolder Canada Glock Inc Integrys Ltd Mississauga, ON Bradford, ON Smyrna, GA 905-775-9191 770-432-1202 905-502-2071 www.glock.com www.integrys.com www.koldercanada.com

GM Fleet Intercel Communications Inc Korth Group Toronto, ON Terrebonne, QC Okotoks, AB 416-644-1051 450-961-4115 403-938-3255

CORPORATE LISTING CORPORATE www.gm.ca www.intercel.ca www.korthgroup.com

FEBRUARY 2011 42 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Memorial University of Nfld & Labrador One Shot Tactical Supply & St. John’s, NL Trenton, ON Laerdal Medical CanadaL Ltd 709-737-8000 613-394-5023 Toronto, ON www.mun.ca www.oneshottactical.com

416-298-9600 S www.laerdal.com Meritus University OPC Tuck Shop Fredericton, NB Alymer, ON 519-773-4238

800-856-3940 S Lakeland College ervice www.meritusu.ca www.opctuckshop.com Vermilion, AB

MFI Canada Orchid Cellmark G 780-608-1240 Boise, ID New Westminster, BC upply www.lakelandcollege.ca/programs/ 800-723-9824 800-563-4363 uide business/ba_emergency_services/ www.mfce.us www.orchidcellmark.ca

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BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 43 FEBRUARY 2011 SRS Tactical The Canadian Outdoor Equipment Co Calgary, AB Mississauga, ON R Nicholls DistributorsR Inc 403-453-0040 416-452-3726 Longueuil, PQ www.srstactical.ca www.canadianoutdoorequipment.com 450-442-9215 www.rnicholls.com St John Ambulance The Patchman Toronto, ON Onoway, AB 2011 RadioWorks 416-923-8411 866-672-4033 Victoria, BC www.sja.ca www.thepatchman.ca 800-591-5525 The Shooting Edge uide www.radioworks.ca Sterlmar Equipment upply Belleville, ON Calgary, AB

G Raybestos Brakes 613-966-1600 403-720-4867 Mississauga, ON www.sterlmar.ca www.theshootingedge.com ervice S 905-405-0955 www.raybestos.com Stoeger Canada The Smart Divorce Whitby, ON Toronto, ON S Real Estate for Heroes 905-436-9077 905-695-0270 Red Deer, AB www.berettadefence.com www.thesmartdivorce.com 403-505-8091 www.realestate4heroes.com Stokes International The Tactical Shop Corp Kelowna, BC & Toronto, ON 778-436-1111 Remington/Gravel Agency 800-361-2277 www.thetacshop.ca Quebec, QC www.stokes-int.com 418-682-3000 www.gravelagency.com TI Training Strath Craft Ltd Golden, CO London, ON Robert Howson – 911 Portraits 800-634-1936 519-686-1891 www.titaining.com Guelph, ON www.strathcraft.com 519-826-0119 www.911portraits.com TLC Laser Eye Centers Sturm, Ruger & Company Inc Toronto, ON Newport, NH 416-733-2020 Royal LePage Kingsbury Realty 603-865-2424 Toronto, ON www.lasik.com www.ruger.com 416-994-7796 www.michaelmacphail.com TME Toronto Microelectronics Inc Sun Badge Company Mississauga, ON Royal Roads University Ontario, CA 905-362-8090 Victoria, BC 909-930-1444 www.tme-inc.com 250-391-2600 www.sunbadgeco.com www.royalroads.ca TravelOnly SureFire Brantford, ON Fountain Valley, CA 866-542-8128 800-828-8809 www.davidsonvacations.com Safariland S www.surefire.com Jacksonville, FL Triform 800-347-1200 Toronto, ON www.safariland.com 877-874-3676 T&M Medal MountingT www.triform.com Saltus Technologies Calgary, AB Tulsa, OK 403-830-2229 877-249-3249 www.tmmedalmounting.ca U www.saltustechnologies.com UK Products Canada Inc Target Sports Edmonton, AB SEALS Action Gear Gormley, ON 780-484-2350 Calgary, AB 905-888-8288 www.underwaterkineticscanada.com 403-723-0222 www.targetsportscanada.com www.sealsactiongear.com University of Guelph Tec-Garde Mobile Solutions Ltd Guelph, ON Securesearch Inc Toronto, ON 519-824-4120 Scarborough, ON 800-387-0000 www.mba.uoguelph.ca 800-452-3130 www.tecgarde.com www.securesearchinc.com University of Guelph-Humber Toronto, ON Teijin Aramid Shocknife Inc 416-798-1331 Conyers, GA www.guelphhumber.ca Winnipeg, MB 770-785-2145 866-353-5055 www.teijinaramid.com www.shocknife.com Telus Mobility Smith & Wesson Vacations for HeroesV Springfield, MA Scarborough, ON Chilliwack, BC 800-331-0852 866-558-2273 866-994-4376 www.smith-wesson.com www.telusmobility.com www.vacationsforheroes.com

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FEBRUARY 2011 44 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE Vault Distribution Inc Whelen Engineering Wolverine World Wide & Vancouver, BC Milton, ON Oakville, ON 604-522-1999 905-878-8457 905-847-1682 www.vaultdistribution.net www.whelen.com www.wolverineworldwide.com

S Virtual Front Counter by BackCheck Whitmore & Hobbs Emergency Work Authority Toronto, ON Cambridge, ON Technologies 800-563-8481 S

877-308-4663 ervice Calgary, AB www.workauthority.com www.mybackcheck.com 403-457-5588 G www.whitmorehobbs.ca Wyndham Forensic Group Inc Visual Planning Corporation upply Guelph, ON uide Montreal, QC Wicklander-Zulawski & 519-822-9344 514-739-3116 www.wyndhamforensic.ca www.visualplanning.com Associates Inc Downers Grove, IL 2011 Vortex Connect 800-222-7789 Toronto, ON www.w-z.com Xacore X 416-203-7787 Ottawa, ON www.vortexconnect.com Winsted Group Inc 888-922-6731 Alliston, ON www.xacore.com 866-542-1343

W www.equipmentcamera.com WCI Whyte Communications Inc & Z Fleet Services Wolverine Supplies Zodiac Hurricane Technologies Inc Edmonton, AB Virden, MB Delta, BC 800-203-7938 204-748-2454 604-940-2999 www.wcifs.ca www.wolverinesupplies.com www.zodiac.ca CORPORATE LISTING

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 45 FEBRUARY 2011 Preventing bad case law is the purpose of training by Gord MacKinnon investigators to continue to ask questions when performing interviews are aware of proper an accused’s “right to silence” has been invoked. methods of conducting the interview they are When I wrote the first edition of Inves- The Supreme Court has continued to sup- unlikely to draw bad case law. tigative Interviewing in 1996 my objective port an interviewers right to use “legitimate The ever-changing technology that police was a simple one. I wanted to put together a means of persuasion” during interviews. The forces and investigative agencies can now comprehensive, easy to read manual that al- right of the police and other investigative access makes our task easier in many ways lowed the reader to come away with a better agencies to ask questions of witnesses lies at but also holds us more accountable than understanding of the interview process. the very heart of the investigative interview- ever. Video interviews are now the norm for Over the years thousands of police offic- ing process. all police agencies and the Non-Accusatory ers, private investigators, military and govern- Few crimes are detected by the “found Interview Technique is tailor-made for this. ment agents and college students have used committing” route and the reality is that most In the Blue Line Training sessions we this book to help them become better at asking crimes are solved “after the fact.” While some will update attendees on the latest processes questions and finding out the truth. For the defense counsel and others in the criminology and case law pertenent to the interviewing past 10 years, I have presented courses at the fields and media may advocate that police process. The training sessions on investigative Blue Line Training sessions each April giving should be using sophisticated forensic evi- interviewing is for everyone who is tasked lectures to many hundreds of individuals based dence and other means instead of interview- with doing an investigation, whether it be a on the Non-Accusatory Interview Technique. I ing, the fact remains that interviewing is still serious criminal matter or simply a matter of am often asked by previous students and read- the primary key to the detection of crime and finding out the truth – to separate the truthful ers, “Is there anything new in the interviewing apprehension of criminals. from the liars and prevaricators. field?” I usually answer that, while there may Wise jurists know this and continue to be one or two interesting developments in the allow the process. Gord MacKinnon is a lecturer and author in the field of theory, much of what we have already written Having said this, investigators must be Investigative interviewing and will be instructing at the still applies. ever mindful that we are only one “bad” case Blue Line Trade Show and Training event being held April Thankfully, up to now, the Supreme Court away from losing those rights so it is essential 26 and 27. For more details and to register for his course of Canada has delivered sensible rulings regard- that we conduct our interviews in a fair and go to www.BlueLine.ca. ing the “Confessions Rule” and the right of lawful manner. Training is the key. If people

FEBRUARY 2011 46 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 47 FEBRUARY 2011 TECHNOLOGY by Tom Rataj

Micro-system cameras are catching on

by Tom Rataj models often feature 1080i or 1080p video co-developed an open standard for a mirror- recording, resulting in excellent quality videos less interchangeable lens digital camera and Once expensive curiosities, digital cam- for watching on a big-screen HD television. trademarked the name “micro four thirds,” eras have seen massive growth, particularly Most cameras, regardless of segment, fea- which refers to the size and aspect ratio of the in the last few years. Today most people own ture some type of image stabilisation, further imaging sensor (17.3 x 13mm), substantially and regularly use at least one. improving the chances of taking excellent and larger than compact/bridge cameras, although Point-and-shoot or compact cameras from sharp photos. still with a 4:3 aspect ratio. numerous manufacturers are more powerful, sophisticated and affordable than ever before. Micro-system cameras Panasonic Many decent models can be purchased for as Eager to exploit any untapped market, dig- First to market was the very impressive little as $150; another $100 nets an excellent ital camera makers have introduced an entire Panasonic Lumix G1, a modern looking camera and versatile camera with great picture-quality new segment known as the “micro-system” that outwardly appeared to be a small D-SLR. and more sophisticated features. camera, designed to fill the gap between bridge Starting with an impressive 12.1 CMOS sensor, The versatility of compact cameras is cameras and D-SLRs. it features most of the typical bridge camera and often limited by their small 3x to 5x optical Models in this growing segment offer D-SLR type controls, a fold-out, articulated zoom lenses and scarcity of manual controls. interchangeable lenses and larger image sen- LCD screen for viewing images and camera The next step up is commonly known as sors like D-SLRs, but in generally quite a bit menus and settings, hot-shoe for standard cam- the “bridge-camera,” offering more manual smaller bodies because the prism and mirror era flashes and electronic viewfinder. controls and often larger mega-zoom (15x to mechanism has been removed. That allows The Lumix G1 could shoot still images in 25x) lenses. They typically sell in the $300- the lens to be placed much closer to the image 4:3, 3:2 and 16:9 aspect ratios in both RAW $600 range. sensor, typically 20mm vs. 40mm, resulting in and various JPEG qualities. Unfortunately it Beyond the bridge lies the broad digital a much thinner camera body. lacked any video recording capability. It has single-lens reflex (D-SLR) camera, with entry- The camera offers all the flexibility, been replaced with the much better G2 and level “beginner” models starting in the $600 manual control, larger image sensor and joined by the G10, GH2 and the compact and range. Intermediate “professional-consumer” interchangeable lenses found in D-SLRs in a very interesting, retro-looking GF1, a great models start around $1,000 and professional D- package closer to the size of a bridge camera. little bridge camera sized model that jams a ton SLRs can run several thousand dollars and up. The image sensors on most compact/ of features, including 720p HD video capabil- Beyond general capabilities and image bridge cameras typically measure just 7.6 x ity, into a very small body. This is a solid little quality, the two features which really set the 5.7mm for a total area of 43.32mm2, while camera that takes great photos. D-SLR apart are their very large image sensor sensors on many mainstream D-SLRs measure Panasonic Lumix Micro four-thirds cam- size – which can collect far more light, greatly 23.5 x 15.6mm for a total area of 366.6m2. eras range in price from $599 to $1599. improving overall image quality regardless of Compact/bridge cameras typically use mega-pixel count – and ability to interchange image sensors with a 4:3 aspect-ratio like Olympus lenses. standard computer monitors and older CRT The Olympus PEN E-P1 went on sale soon Interchangeable lenses have far larger based televisions. D-SLRs use a 3:2 aspect after the Panasonic. The company’s line also diameter and more optically sophisticated ratio, the same as 35mm colour film. includes the E-P2 and the new E-PL1, ranging glass elements, which again, collect far more This difference only becomes an issue in price from $549 to $899. All three models light and have much less optical distortion when displaying images or printing them feature an attractive retro-style and the same than the smaller, simple lenses found on com- on standard dimension photo paper. The 4:3 12.3MP sensor. All are very compact bridge pact/bridge cameras. This also contributes to aspect ratio images fill the entire screen on camera sized cameras offering 720p HD video significantly better quality and much better standard computer monitors but a portion is and a wide assortment of features typically low-light performance. lost when printed on standard photo paper. found on more advanced cameras. Compact cameras are easily pocketable so The 3:2 aspect ratio photos only fill about 95 easy to take along. Bridge cameras are a little per cent of standard screens, leaving a black Samsung NX series larger but still relatively easy to lug. D-SLRs are strip at the top and bottom, but fit perfectly on Samsung was the third manufacturer to generally large and bulky, making them more standard photo paper. join the micro-system market with its NX10 subject to that “should I take it along?” decision. and NX100 models in mid-2009. Both use a Mega-pixel (MP) counts are almost ir- Micro four thirds 23.4 x 15.6mm (3:2 aspect ratio) 14.6MP sen- relevant now because even most compact Panasonic and Olympus were the first sor, record 720p video in mono sound only and cameras offer in excess of 10MP and at least major manufacturers to announce and ship shoot in both 3:2 and 16:9 widescreen modes 720p video recording, while more expensive products in the micro-system segment. They in either RAW or JPEG format.

FEBRUARY 2011 48 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE The NX10 is a small D-SLR style camera ory cards to store both still and video. Several with standard 18-55mm zoom lens, brilliant Panasonic cameras also accept the newest fixed three inch, 614,000 pixel AMOLED SDXC (Extended-Capacity) cards, while the display screen and electronic viewfinder. It has Sony model can use either SDHC or Memory a pop-up built-in flash, standard hot-shoe for Stick Pro Duo cards. an external flash and retails for $749. All capture and write large amounts of im- The NX100 has a smaller, compact, age data so it is important to buy higher-speed modern retro-styled body and the same 3” memory cards, allowing them to take the next display screen as the NX10. It has a 1:1 mode shot faster. SD cards range from no class rating and standard hot-shoe but no built-in flash. It up to class 10. Budget no class cards will work retails for $649 with a 20-50mm lens. A wide range of accessories are available but cause performance delays, particularly for both cameras. when shooting video. The best value are the Class 6 cards. The Sony NEX fastest Sony Memory Stick is the PRO-HG, Sony was the fourth major manufacturer into flash unit that uses a proprietary multi-function which only costs about $5 more than a similar the market with its impressive NEX5 and NEX3, connector on top of the camera. capacity regular card. models which launched in July 2010. They both Advanced features and incredible low- use large 3:2 aspect ratio, 14.2MP 23.4 x 15.6mm light shooting capabilities make the NEX5 Great alternative sensors, the same size as the Samsung and larger very versatile. It records HD 1080i video at All these micro-system cameras offer a than the Panasonic and Olympus. a high 60 frames-per-second in either MP4 great alternative to the larger and bulkier D- The top-of-the-line NEX5 is the smallest or AVCHD format and still images in regular SLR cameras by generally providing the same and lightest micro system camera currently 3:2 or HD 16:9 aspect ratios. Sony’s excellent image quality and advanced manual controls on the market. Available in either a black or sweep-panorama also allows users to shoot in a much smaller package. modern silver finish metal body, it is feature impressive panorama shots on the fly. Remember, the camera that takes the best packed and takes a minimalist approach to It starts at $749 with a 16mm lens and pictures is the one you have with you. Because camera controls, having only five buttons. $799 with the 18-55 zoom lens. of their diminutive size, these micro-system Many controls have been moved to a well- The NEX3 is slightly larger and lighter, cameras are far easier to take along, offering designed, plain language user interface on the shoots only 720p video and has an all-plastic the more creative or serious photographer brilliant three inch, 920,000 pixel articulated body. It starts at $649 with a 16mm lens and that much more opportunity to capture those display screen. $699 with the 18-55 zoom lens, in black, great shots. Sony’s well designed intelligent auto- silver or red. mode makes the camera a breeze to use, even for novice users. A built-in user-guide provides Memory Tom Rataj is Blue Line’s Technology columnist and can basic shooting advice and feature instructions. All these micro-system cameras use be reached at [email protected]. Both models ship with a removable external Secure Digital High-Capacity (SDHC) mem-

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 49 FEBRUARY 2011 A great 36 years! From being shot to meeting Joey Smallwood by Danette Dooley Evans laughs. Once he arrived in the province, When Murray Evans joined the RCMP more Evans was told by his supervisors that than 56 years ago, recruiters were as interested he’d only be in St. John’s for three in his physique as his intelligence. The boy from months before being transferred to New Brunswick was 18 years old at the time. rural parts of Newfoundland. His “The first time we went to the RCMP office, posting ended up spanning three years. the sergeant said: ‘Go home and measure your Long drives over gravel roads chest and make sure it measures up.’ It had to be were very much a part of his early so much in expansion,” Evans recalls with a smile. duties, he says. spent serving at various other detachments in Delighted that their chest sizes were accept- “We went all down the Southern Shore... Newfoundland. While much of his duties were able, Evans and his friend went back to the office and to Harbour Grace. We were with the Preven- routine, policing back in by-gone days also meant and wrote the entrance exam. “My friend who tive Service-Liquor-Highway Patrol... we had risking one’s life. encouraged me to join didn’t pass the test so I was motorcycles back then, an old Harley Davidson While stationed outside the St. John’s area, left alone,” Evans recalls. belonging to the Ranger force and two English Evans came face-to-face with the barrel of a Evans, a carpenter at the time, soon found bikes. We were told we had to put 200 miles on shotgun. himself trading in his tools for a Stetson hat and them each day.” He and his wife Stella had two young chil- red serge. “I went up to Fredericton and the ser- The young men often find their own ways dren at the time he responded to the call about a geant said: ‘You better know, you’re signing away of adding miles to the speedometer, he recalls. mentally ill man shooting windows out of houses. five years of your life, young man.’ They sent “There were times you’d be on a back road “Myself and another constable went down. me out on the train that evening across Canada and you’d strike a blueberry patch and you’d pitch We got out by the old potato house and crawled to British Columbia to the Fairmont Barracks.” the hitch up and let it run for a few miles.” down through the grass. I got in and jumped on Evans was raised in the fishing community Among the highlights of his early career, Ev- his back to try to knock him down... he wouldn’t of Lorenville, on the outskirts of St. John. After ans says was meeting and spending time with the go down. He started to turn the shotgun on me so completing his RCMP training he was posted to late Premier Joseph R. Smallwood. The premier I ran out and around the corner but there was a St. John’s, Newfoundland. had an apartment at Fort Townsend which gave fence there and I couldn’t go any further. I turned “I was so pleased to come here because when him both privacy and security working near the back and he shot me and got me in the corner of the I was working with a roofing company they all police in Constabulary Square. eye. I shot him then in the leg and he fell down.” talked about Newfoundland and how kind New- Evans says during his meetings, Smallwood Although bleeding himself from the head, foundlanders were.” was always a gentleman and great person to have Evans rendered first aid to the man. Both were The train ride across the country was, long, a conversation with. taken to hospital where Evans was treated for tiring and, in places, breathtaking. “I had an occasion to be with Premier Small- his eye wound. “I remember getting off the train in the wood just before his stroke, for the last time,” he says. Evans has many more stories; most of the Prairies with my little camera taking pictures of When he wasn’t busy in the office, Evans ones he cares to share bring a smile to his face. the oxen. Someone was calling out to me but I and his comrades were policing in the community It was while heading the Corner Brook de- thought, they aren’t going to bother me – but here earning their title “Jack of all Trades.” tachment that Evans welcomed the first female it was the train was pulling away without me,” The next 25 years of Evans’s career were member into his fold. She was welcomed and accepted from the start, he says. “Our members would have to go in to St. John’s to take the female prisoners in. When this lady came, she said she’d love to do that... and our men were delighted with that,” he says. Whether travelling by boat, train, skidoo, car or cycle, Evans says he enjoyed all of his police postings. He retired in 1990 after 36 years with the RCMP. “I always said if there’s ever a day I don’t completely love my work, I’d leave, but that never happened and that’s why I stayed for so long,” he says.

Danette Dooley is Blue Line’s East Coast correspondent. She can be reached at [email protected]

FEBRUARY 2011 50 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE ODDITO R IALS

KELOWNA, B.C. – Lesson one for new driv- Griffiths was clocked at 109 kilometres an ers – don’t drive and smoke pot from your bong hour in a 60 km/h zone when he was pulled over. next to a police van. Police then found the car’s registration was ex- A 20-year-old Kelowna, B.C., man learned pired and also determined the man’s licence had that the hard way when a prisoner van covered been revoked by a judge. with RCMP decals pulled up next to his pas- The court didn’t hear why Griffiths was senger side at a red light. The driver reached for a serving a weekend jail sentence. glass bong, placed marijuana in the bowl, lit it and (Fredericton Gleaner) inhaled the smoke. RCMP Const. Steve Holmes says the man ••• was clearly oblivious to the officer in the large, ST. CATHARINES, ON – That must have been fully marked police van right beside him. one wild ride. He says the Mountie pulled the man over and A Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., resident has smelled the burning pot inside his car, which con- admitted to illegally loading up his van with tained a small amount of cannabis and displayed an more than 1,000 reptiles and trying to sneak them N sticker to designate a new driver. across the Canada-U.S. border. The man received a 24-hour driving suspen- Andrew Fruck, 32, pleaded guilty in a St. sion for operating a vehicle under the influence Catharines, ON, court to trying to smuggle more and a ticket for driving without reasonable than 1,000 tortoises, turtles, boa constrictors and consideration. pythons. (Kelowna Daily Courier) Canadian border guards at the Queenston- Lewiston bridge found a slew of reptiles hidden ••• behind panels of the vehicle during a search on FREDERICTON – A New Brunswick driver who Sept. 15, 2009. was speeding so he wouldn’t be late for a week- Among the critter contraband were seven end jail sentence has been given another month types of endangered species: 15 red-footed behind bars for driving with a suspended licence. tortoises, three leopard tortoises, two elongated Shawn Elliott Griffiths of Upper Keswick, tortoises, 14 African-spurred tortoises, three N.B., has also had his licence suspended for macklot pythons, two forsten tortoises and six another 12 months. rainbow boa constrictors. Also in the shipment The 40-year-old logger, who pleaded guilty, were 203 southern painted turtles, 1,220 red- told the court he was rushing to Saint John, N.B., eared slider turtles, three pond turtles and four to serve a jail sentence on weekends when he king snakes – which are not endangered. was pulled over. (St. Catharines Standard)

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 51 FEBRUARY 2011 3rdFallen Fourannual Marathon by Ann Harvey supportive. “They were out there in their uni- forms and on their motorbikes, giving people Keeping alive the memory of the greatest the high five. I think it was really cool.” loss of officers the RCMP and Canada have RCMP members are enthusiastic. “My suffered in more than 100 years, the third detachment commander has definitely rallied annual Fallen Four Marathon on June 4 and and made sure that if members aren’t running 5 is also a chance to support today’s officers. they’re helping out. We had three teams out Tina Prodaniuk, one of the event founders of the detachment alone running. They had and organizers, explained the event is an op- never run in a race before.” portunity for the community to show police The fire departments and emergency their appreciation and respect. Participants medical service help and Alliance Pipeline walk or run 10 kilometres segments of the is a major sponsor. 42 kilometres between the two Alberta com- The third annual event features: munities whose four RCMP officers were the • Kids Marathon (June 4) – participants must victims. “I think that everybody realizes that have run an accumulative amount of 40km the RCMP family in itself was affected. It prior to race day, when they run the final 2.2 was everybody who was part of the RCMP.” kilometres to complete the total distance. All Canadians were affected, she said. All finishers will receive a T-shirt and a “It was an eye-opener, I think, for a lot of finishers medal. people to know that these guys do put their • Five-kilometre family fun run (June 4). lives on the line.” • Sunday, June 5 is the main event. The As a former auxiliary officer and current could be an event for everyone. marathon begins in Mayerthorpe at the Whitecourt employee who co-ordinates com- It has worked well, even attracting Fallen Four Memorial Park and finishes in munity policing she felt the loss and wanted participants from other parts of Canada and Whitecourt at the Alliance Pipeline build- to do something. The idea of a marathon arose becoming a huge event with activities for a ing. It can be run three ways: solo, as a out of an interest in fitness and conviction this whole weekend, she said. All police were

FEBRUARY 2011 52 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE team of four (each leg is approximately 10 James Roszko, 46, northwest of Edmonton. had returned to the property during the night kilometres) or as a team of two (each leg is Roszko shot and killed RCMP constables and laid in wait. about a half marathon). Peter Schiemann, Anthony Gordon, Lionide It was later determined Roszko killed The event is growing quickly. The first Johnston and Brock Myrol as they were all four officers and then turned his weapon year there were 690 runners with 1,000 par- executing a property seizure on the farm. on himself. ticipants on the highway during the two days, Other officers initially went to the farm to The killing of the four junior officers not including volunteers. assist bailiffs trying to repossess a truck, but appears to be unprecedented in modern Ca- The number climbed to 800 runners Roszko fled in it. Numerous stolen vehicle nadian history, said RCMP Asst. Comm. Bill and 1,100 on the highway the next year. parts and a marijuana grow-op were found Sweeney. “You’d have to go back to 1885, Prodaniuk said, “We’re hoping that it kind on the premises. Search warrants were ob- to the Northwest Rebellion, to have a loss of of snowballs from here.” The goal this year tained and executed but not before the farm this magnitude. It’s devastating.” is to attract 1,500 runners. was searched. The fallen four Gordon and Johnston provided scene Ann Harvey is Blue Line Magazine’s Western correspond- The single worst multiple killing of security. Schiemann arrived to drop off ent based in Alberta. Contact her at: [email protected] RCMP officers in modern Canadian history Myrol. The four officers were ambushed occured March 3, 2005 on the property of inside a Quonset shed on the farm. Roszko

Cst. Peter Schiemann Born at Petrolia, Ont., he earned a bach- elor of arts degree, loved to sky dive and fell in love with the RCMP after going on ride-alongs. Upon completing his training on Nov. 27, 2000, Schiemann was posted to Mayerthorpe, doing general duties and highway patrol.

Cst. Lionide (Leo) Johnston Johnston, 32, was from Owl River, Alta. He and twin brother Lee joined together. Both were ace marksmen who received their Crown Pistols and Crown Rifles badges and enjoyed racing motorcycles. Johnston was in a motorcycle accident in 1997 while racing in Calgary and spent a week in a coma. He re- covered and in 2001 joined the RCMP. Posted at Mayerthorpe, he had a special connection with the nearby Alexis First Nations Reserve.

Cst. Brock Myrol Myrol, 29, had been on the job less than three weeks when he was shot and killed. Days after graduating from the RCMP training academy, Myrol began working in Mayerthorpe. Myrol had decided to become an RCMP officer three years before, saying he wanted to work with people and make a difference. He had worked as a security guard and took courses for an undergraduate arts degree at Red Deer College.

Cst. Anthony Gordon Gordon, 28, was born in Edmonton, raised in Red Deer and joined the force there. The seed of his desire to be a Mountie was planted in Grade 1 when a member visited his school. Gordon loved the outdoors, fish- ing and snowmobiling. Upon completing his training on Oct. 15, 2002, Gordon was posted to Whitecourt, where he worked in general policing and highway patrol.

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 53 FEBRUARY 2011 Dave Daniels Cop, professional bodybuilder and mentor by Tony Palermo changing and how healthy he felt. In 1983, after six years of training, he decided to take it It’s not often that you would describe a to the next level and compete, entered his first guy who stands 5’ 8” tall as massive, but even bodybuilding competition and placed sixth in the quickest glance at 240 pound RCMP Cst. the Mr. Montreal contest. He was second the Dave Daniels makes you realize that height next year and in 1985, after just two years of and size are two different things. competing professionally, took top honours. Daniels, a Mountie for the last 18 years, Within a few weeks, he went on to win the competed as a professional bodybuilder before provincial and eastern Canadian champion- signing up and it shows. “I started training over ship. Later that month, he finished third overall 30 years ago,” says a smiling Daniels. “I was in his final competition, the Canadian cham- 17 years old when I first started working out.” pionship. “I did it all natural,” says Daniels. Looking at least a decade or two younger “It was a combination of proper diet, exercise than 50, Daniels could easily be the poster boy and having the right mindset. Having the right for healthy living. He lets out a deep, soulful mindset is just as important.” laugh when asked to explain how a scrawny Despite enjoying training, Daniels decided Montreal boy competed as a bodybuilder and he no longer wanted to compete profession- later become a cop. ally, went back to school and worked for a few years with special needs children. He continued Small but mighty training hard with Caruso, always striving for Daniels weighed a mere 135 pounds when excellence and pushing the envelope. he began working out. Only a month into it, the “Jimmy Caruso was a legend,” says Dan- trainer must have seen something because he iels. “He was a friend and mentor. For every- told him he was at the wrong place – he needed thing that he did for me, would you believe that a real bodybuilding gym. Daniels was sceptical he never accepted a penny from me?” but the next day followed his trainer to a gym Caruso remained his mentor and trainer in Montreal’s Decarie Square, where he was until 1992 when Daniels decided to join the introduced to legendary gym owner, trainer – eating well, compound strength-training RCMP. “It was my turn to give back,” he says. and photographer Jimmy Caruso. exercises, cardiovascular training and proper “I wanted to work with different cultures and Looking around, Daniels immediately rest. He really stressed the importance of diet, help people all across Canada.” felt out of place. “I was blown away,” he telling Daniels to learn proper portion sizes. recalls. “These guys were pushing weights To properly fuel the body, Daniels needed Giving back that I didn’t even think existed. I felt way out to eat four-to-five small meals a day spaced Now an 18 year veteran, Daniels has spent of my league.” three-to-four hours apart and limit things like the last eight years working as a member of He went to the gym over the next month white flour, salt and sugar. the elite Prime Minister’s Protection Detail. He but, still feeling like he did not belong, didn’t “In my mind, he’s the man who started it remains committed to a healthy lifestyle and give 100 per cent. Caruso pulled the young all,” says Daniels. “Imagine this Italian guy giving back to his community – so much so, Daniels aside and told him that he saw po- telling you to avoid pasta made with white that he turned a large portion of his basement tential. He’d train him but, in return, Caruso flour. This was back in the early 80s and here into a professional gym, earned a Can-Fit-Pro expected nothing less than a full commitment we are over 20 years later and it’s what people Personal Trainer certification and began train- – take it or leave it. Desperately wanting to are still talking about today.” ing neighbourhood kids for free, just like his get bigger, Daniels accepted the challenge and Following the advice, it didn’t take long mentor did for him all those years ago. decided right then-and-there to give his all. to see results. Those early successes fuelled a “Just as Jimmy expected of me, the only Caruso designed a program which fo- passion that carried Daniels through the next thing I expect from the kids is that they be good cussed on four essential building blocks several years. He liked how his body was citizens and dedicate themselves 100 per cent to both their training and school,” he says. “If I see someone slacking off or I hear something from their parents, I’ll call them up to bat on it. I don’t want to waste my time if they’re not going to take this seriously.” Daniels currently trains around 10 kids and also trains adults of varying levels of fitness. He remains passionate in helping others lead healthier lifestyles. “Our fitness and overall health are not options,” says Daniels. “I’ve been working at this a long time but like I tell everyone else, it’s never too late to start. Whether it’s the kids who approach me, athletes or cops who are just looking to get back in shape, there are just some basics that everyone needs to follow. The time to start is now.”

FEBRUARY 2011 54 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE A day of eating with Dave Daniels Plans released for new prisons The Harper government plans to spend an- released details of prison spending in January Proteins, fats and carbohydrates – the other $158 million on prison expansion in Alberta, press release: fact is that the body needs everything. The Saskatchewan, Ontario and Quebec. The money Quebec: $73 million (192 beds at Cowansville trick is to fuel it properly by eating the proper will create a total of 634 new spaces - the latest in Institution, 96 beds at Donnacona Institution) quantities of nutritious food. Meals should a series of federal prisonfunding announcements. Alberta and Saskatchewan: $55 million (96 be balanced and spaced three-to-four hours The federal government will spend $2 billion beds at Edmonton Institution, 50 beds at River Bend apart. Below, is a sample of what Daniels over five years to absorb more prisoners due to Institution in Prince Albert, Sask., 50 beds at Will might eat on a typical day. stiffer sentencing provisions, though critics say the Cree Institution outside Saskatoon) 0500 – Breakfast: Oatmeal with berries & actual price tag will be much higher. Ontario: $30 million (50 beds each at Frontenac walnuts; protein shake In all, the government anticipates adding over and Pittsburgh institutions in Kingston, Ont., 50 new 0830 – Snack: Tuna salad 2,700 beds to men’s and women’s prisons across beds at Beaver Creek Institution in Gravenhurst, Ont.) 1200 – Lunch: Chicken breast, side of salad Canada in coming years. TOTAL: $158 million (634 beds) Meanwhile the Department of Public safety with vegetables 1530 – Snack (before gym): Protein shake 1900 – Dinner: Fish, side of salad with vegetables Throughout the day, Daniels supple- ments with other nutritious snacks like yogurt, fruit and almonds. He allows himself one cheat meal a week, usually on Sundays, when he orders a large meat lover’s pizza. Tip: Not into protein shakes? Simply replace it with a light, well balanced and properly portioned meal.

Start today Three basic tips to a healthier you Tip 1: Diet is the most important thing You need to fuel your body with a vari- ety of healthy foods and learn about proper portion sizes. Canada’s food guide is a great place to start. Pack meals for work. If time is short, pick a day, cook all of your meals for the week and then freeze them into proper portion sizes. Be creative. Tip 2: Train the whole body Daniels sees a lot of people who don’t train the whole body. “The fact is you need to train everything,” he notes. “Strength training is just as important as cardiovascular exer- cise.” Find activities that you enjoy doing and learn to do them properly. With weight train- ing, this means doing compound exercises and learning the proper movements. “Focus on your form – on doing the exercises prop- erly,” says Daniels. “Forget the big numbers. If you’re doing the exercises properly, you will get stronger and the weight will come.” Tip 3: Stop procrastinating Make the commitment to yourself – to- day, right now – to start living healthier. Get yourself in the right mindset by agreeing to do something today. “Nike says ‘just do it’ but I like to add one little important word,” says Daniels. “I tell everyone who approaches me for advice to ‘just do it now’. No maybe later; no starting tomorrow. Remember, your fitness and health is important and precious.”

Tony Palermo is Blue Line’s correspondent for the Eastern Ontario & Western Quebec region. A freelance writer and former federal corrections officer, he welcomes all e-mails and stories of interest at [email protected] .

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 55 FEBRUARY 2011 Every little bit helps

held responsible.” What Holowaychuk has observed from her position as a police trainer – working mostly in Kandahar City, but also at a nearby U.S. army base and the national police acad- Training female emy in Kabul – is that “we have it pretty Afghan police officers good in our world. Police are respected. I appreciate what we have.” is rewarding, but The Afghan police have been heavily criticized for being corrupt and for lagging challenging for years behind the Afghan army in terms of ca- Canadian pability and integrity. But their 40-year-old instructor from Smoky Lake, Alta., admired by Matthew Fisher many of her students, who, judging by their astronomical casualty rate, have one of the KANDAHAR CITY, Afghanistan – Cpl. most dangerous occupations in Afghanistan. Karen Holowaychuk found out the hard “They know their days may be numbered, way about the dangers of being a female yet they carry on with a job that doesn’t have cop in Afghanistan. the same glamour as in the West. But they do One of the Mountie’s former students, cently had in another all-female class often it with the same honour,” Holowaychuk said. Shoa Gul Bari, was murdered three months brought up the murder of their colleague, “That natural ability that we are looking for ago. Two insurgents shot her to death at the who had been a member of the Afghan Na- in the West shines through with some of their home she shared with her husband and their tional Police for five years. officers, too. I see future leaders in both the six daughters and one son. “What made them angry was the waste men’s and women’s classes.” That Gul Bari was the target was obvi- of it,” said the corporal, who returns to the Among the easier aspects of instructing ous from the fact that nobody else was hurt RCMP training depot in Regina in December police here has been teaching them how in the attack and from numerous threats the after nine months instructing male and female to: make arrests; handcuff suspects; gather Taliban had made against women who dared members of the Afghan National Police. intelligence; provide first aid; and shoot a to become police officers. “I feel quite helpless,” she said. “I don’t weapon. The “worst part” has been dealing The six students that Holowaychuk re- know who did it and whether they will be with the logistics, or rather the lack of them. “My patience has been tried a few times because I am not really familiar with their system,” said Holowaychuk, who worked general duties in Nova Scotia for six years and also worked on the drug squad. “What you need is patience and perse- verance and it will eventually get worked out,” she said, adding “I am not here to change their world. I am here to assist them to be the best that they can be.” Holowaychuk frequently sprang ques- tions drawing on the practical lessons that her students had been taught one or two weeks earlier “and they have demonstrated to me that it comes back to them. “The ANP is more visible now in the com- munity now at police sub-stations and check- points. They are getting community police training. They are gaining their own identity.” Holowaychuk’s students, who were of- ten already working members of the police before they took her course, sometimes re- galed her with only-in-Afghanistan stories, such as how they had gone into compounds to search females and had found males hid- ing underneath burkas. “It’s time to return home. I want my own life back. And I’ve got a lot left in me to teach and to share,” she said. “But I would not have missed this experience for the world. I see schools going up. The po- lice are being given literacy training. Every little bit helps. “Some people never get the chance to sleep under the stars in Afghanistan.” (Postmedia News)

FEBRUARY 2011 56 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE CASE LAW by Mike Novakowski De facto arrest arbitrary, evidence excluded

An “investigative” of Orr’s identity was excluded under s.24(2) take-down and hand- and he was acquitted. cuffing of a suspect The Crown appealed to the BC Court of actually amounted to Appeal arguing the trial judge erred in finding an arrest which wasn’t that he was arbitrarily detained and that the based on reasonable evidence should not have been excluded. In grounds. the Crown’s view, police briefly detained Orr at In R. v. Orr, 2010 first, then arrested him for producing marijuana. BCCA 513, a marijuana Justice Low, speaking for the court, disagreed. enforcement team ex- He concluded that the conduct of the ar- ecuted a search warrant resting officers went well beyond a mere pat- related only to theft of down search that attaches to an investigative electricity at a dwell- detention, supporting the trial judge’s opinion ing house. Although that Orr was under de facto arrest. As for the the residence was under rest. Nor had a marijuana grow operation yet second arrest, the trial judge did not err in surveillance for about two hours before the been found. There were no suspects and Orr, finding it too arbitrary. There must be some warrant was executed, no one was seen to who answered the door, was a stranger to connection between the person being arrested enter or leave. police; there wasn’t anything to tie him to the and the crime under investigation: One of the officers pounded on the front suspected theft of hydro. When the ultimate arrest was effected, the door and yelled, “Police, search warrant,” The judge concluded that the arresting arresting officer had conducted no investiga- but there was no response. After waiting a officer did not subjectively have the requisite tion as to the use of the house generally, apart few minutes he yelled the same commands, grounds to arrest Orr, nor were the objective from being informed of the presence of a grow again to no response. As police used a ram on grounds to arrest present. The de facto arrest operation, or as to the connection of the (ac- the front door, a male voice from inside said was unlawful and arbitrary and breached s.9 cused) to the residence, apart from the fact something like “I’m coming.” of the Charter. that he had answered the door dressed casu- Orr opened the door and was directed to The second arrest for producing marijuana ally and barefoot. In my opinion, something show his hands, step out and was guided to was also arbitrary and breached s.9 since more was needed to connect the presence of the floor of the front porch. Casually dressed Orr was only arrested because he was in the the (accused) in the house to the illegal drug and barefoot, officers told him he was being residence and opened the door; there wasn’t activity. It would not have taken much more detained for theft of hydro and that police had anything to link him to the residence other but the arresting officer chose to continue the a warrant to search the house. Orr was curso- than his presence and nothing to link him to investigation with the (accused) under arrest, rily searched for weapons, asked to stand up, the marijuana grow operation. The offence was rather than in less intrusive and restrictive handcuffed and a copy of the search warrant serious and there is always some concern about investigative detention. In so doing, he effected was placed in his shirt pocket. officer safety in investigations of this type, an unlawful arrest in breach of the (accused’s) Other members of the team entered and but the judge found the Charter breach was rights under s. 9 of the Charter (para. 14). cleared the residence, finding a 358 plant serious. Police had not acted in good faith and As for the trial judge’s s. 24(2) analysis, marijuana grow operation. At this point the balance tipped in favour of the rights of the the court was satisfied she weighed the ap- Orr was arrested for production of mari- individual rather than the societal interest in propriate factors in excluding the evidence. juana, read his rights and given the police detecting and punishing crime. The evidence The Crown’s appeal was dismissed. warning. He was charged with producing marijuana and possession for the purpose of trafficking. At trial in British Columbia Provincial Court the officer testified he detained Orr for officer safety purposes; he did not know if there were other people in the residence and what, if any, risks he faced. Another officer testified that everyone who answered the door would be arrested and handcuffed. The trial judge held that the take-down and handcuffing of Orr before discovery of any illegal activity in the residence wasn’t merely an investigative detention but rather a de facto arrest. No electrical by-pass had been found and there was no evidence of theft of hydro at the time of the de facto ar-

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 57 FEBRUARY 2011 CASE LAW by Mike Novakowski Only reasonable grounds needed for arrest

The test for arrest is not whether the Crown Ash appealed to BC’s highest court, sub- case for conviction is not needed before mak- can prove the crime but whether the officer had mitting that the arrest wasn’t reasonable. In ing the arrest. reasonable grounds for belief. Ash’s view, the officer did not have a subjective In this case, it was apparent to the officer In R. v. Ash, 2010 BCCA 470, police belief that he was in possession of the hash oil. that Ash was the owner and driver of the vehicle stopped the accused for failing to wear a seat The trial judge failed to apply the proper test for and the hash oil container was in the front seat belt, an offence under BC’s Motor Vehicle Act. assessing the grounds for arrest by conflating console beside him. The officer testified that The officer noticed a jar in plain view on the the subjective belief of the police officer in the he found Ash in possession of the hash oil. It front seat console which contained a liquid he existence of reasonable grounds to arrest with was clear that he reasonably believed Ash was believed to be hash oil but continued dealing the required objective standard. in possession of the drug. with the seat-belt infraction. Justice Chiasson, speaking for the unani- “The issue is not whether the Crown would The container was gone when he returned mous court, first noted thats.495(1)(a) of the be able to prove possession,” said Chiasson, to the vehicle. He asked Ash to get out and Criminal Code “authorizes a peace officer “but whether the officer had reasonable and arrested him for possessing a controlled sub- to arrest without a warrant when on reason- probable grounds for believing he did so.” stance. A search of the vehicle incidental to the able grounds he or she believes an indictable The court also held that the officer’s arrest uncovered drugs, a knife, bear spray, a offence has been committed or is about to subjective belief was objectively reasonable. baton and a significant amount of money. Ash be committed.” This provision requires the It rejected Ash’s assertion that the reasonable- was charged with drug and weapons offences. arresting officer to subjectively have reason- ness of the officer’s belief was to be assessed At trial in British Columbia Supreme Court able grounds upon which to base the arrest. from the point of view of a neutral arbiter free Ash challenged the admissibility of the items Those grounds must also be justifiable from an of the predilections and biases of police, rather found in his car on the basis that there were no objective point of view – a reasonable person than a reasonable police officer in his shoes, reasonable grounds for the arrest and the search placed in the position of the officer must be with his experience. The proper approach in violated his rights under s.8 of the Charter. able to conclude that there were indeed rea- determining reasonable grounds, however, The trial judge concluded that the arrest was sonable grounds for the arrest. Police are not, does include the experience and training of lawful, admitted the evidence and convicted however, required to demonstrate anything the police officer. Ash of several offences. more than reasonable grounds – a prima facie Ash’s appeal was dismissed.

FEBRUARY 2011 58 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE CASE LAW by Mike Novakowski Police can search vehicle for ID Police are entitled to search a vehicle for and consistent with possession for the purpose stop him for the traffic violation. He said identifying documentation when a driver be- of trafficking. that he did not have any identification docu- ing investigated for a traffic offence does not Two cell phones were also found; they ments in his possession and the vehicle he produce them, says BC’s top court. rang 30 times over the next eight hours with was driving did not belong to him. An of- In R. v. Burachenski, 2010 BCCA 159, two callers requesting meetings. There was also a ficer looked but could not see a bulge which uniformed motorcycle officers doing speed text message on one of the cell phones consist- might be a wallet. enforcement flagged down the accused for ent with drug trafficking. driving approximately 80 km/h in a 50 km/h At trial in British Columbia Provincial The arrest zone. He did not immediately stop, instead Court, Burachenski testified that the drugs The officer subjectively believed that he pulling over some four to five car lengths were not his and that he did not know they had grounds to arrest Burachenski, which were down the road. Both officers associated this were in the car, which he said had belonged objectively reasonable since he produced no behaviour with someone who was unlicensed to his girlfriend, but she gave it to him identification and had apparently committed or prohibited. because he needed it for work. He said an offence. Burachenski said had no driver’s licence other people used the vehicle and suggested “Police officers are entitled to arrest traf- or other identification with him and said he that they left the drugs and one of the cell fic offenders when it is necessary to establish wasn’t the registered owner of the vehicle. An phones in it. their identity,” said Justice Bennett, speaking officer looked at him to see if he had a bulge The trial judge found Burachenski had for the court. The officer started looking in in his pocket which might be a wallet, but been de facto arrested for a drug possession the vehicle for ID documents and asked his there was none. Concerned that the informa- investigation, the search was lawful and there partner to use the police radio to try to confirm tion provided was inaccurate, police began to was no s.8 Charter breach. He concluded Burachenski’s identity. check the information he provided. Burachenski’s evidence did not raise a reason- An officer believed he could arrest Bura- able doubt and convicted him on six counts The search chenski to confirm his identification for the BC of possessing a controlled substance for the As for the search, the court noted that “The Motor Vehicle Act offence, but did not do so. purpose of trafficking. He was sentenced to law is clear that the police are entitled to search He searched the SUV for identification and, nine months to be served conditionally in the a vehicle for identifying documentation when upon opening the middle console, saw what community. it is not produced by a driver who is being he believed to be flakes of marijuana, flaps Burachenski then appealed to the BC investigated for an offence.” containing crystal methamphetamine and a Court of Appeal arguing, in part, that his s.8) Once the drugs were found, the officer container of ecstasy. rights were violated in relation to the search was still looking for ID papers and any further On finding the drugs, the officer formed that exposed the drugs in his possession. He drugs. Since Burachenski had been de facto the view that Burachenski could be arrested submitted that the entire search was unlawful arrested for an investigation into possessing for offences under the Controlled Drugs and because police decided to arrest him and take drugs, the continued search of the vehicle for Substances Act but told him he was being him to jail immediately upon stopping him. evidence was a search incidental to arrest. detained for drugs. A pouch of marijuana He contended that officers should have patted The search was lawful, there was no was found and Burachenski was again told him down to see if he had identification and if evidence that the conduct of the search was he was being detained for drugs and hand- not, checked through the police radio whether unreasonable and there was no violation of s.8. cuffed. the name he provided was accurate. Further, Whether Burachenski was properly given his In the meantime, the other officer contin- he suggested police had no basis for search- right to counsel under s.10(b) wasn’t before ued searching the vehicle for identification and ing his car and when they found drugs in the the court. drugs and found marijuana and rock cocaine console, should have stopped and called in a Burachenski’s appeal was dismissed. under the driver’s floor mat. Behind the front police drug dog. seat, in the foot well on the passenger side, In an oral judgment, the court disagreed. Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for complete he located a box that contained marijuana and Burachenski was travelling 80 in a 50 km/h cases. You can email Mike Novakowski at caselaw@ blueline.ca hashish. The total value of the drugs was $740 zone and police were therefore entitled to

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 59 FEBRUARY 2011 MARKET PLACE

FEBRUARY 2011 60 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE MARKET PLACE

Feds new law tackles auto theft and property crime

The Honourable Rob Nicholson, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, announced that Bill S-9, entitled Tackling Auto Theft and Property Crime Act, received Royal Assent on November 18, 2010. Trafficking in (or “fencing”) property ob- tained by crime is a complex criminal industry that moves stolen goods from the initial theft or criminal activity, to often unsuspecting consumers. Trafficking in stolen goods is what makes property crime profitable, and is a key means of financing organized crime. Trafficking in stolen cars and auto parts is a particular form of property crime that carries serious economic and public safety costs for Canadians. In 2007 approximately 146, 000 ve- hicles were stolen in Canada; it is estimated these crimes cost Canadians over $1 billion per year. Organized crime groups tend to participate in auto theft by: • Operating “chop shops,” where stolen ve- driving. High-speed chases compromise the obtained by crime; and, hicles are disassembled and their parts are safety on the streets, and pose a significant • Making it an offence to possess such property trafficked to often unsuspecting customers; threat to both citizens and law enforcement for the purpose of trafficking. • Altering, obliterating, or destroying the ve- in communities across Canada. In addition, these amendments to the hicle identification number (VIN) of a stolen Bill S-9 gives police, border officials, and Criminal Code provide for the application of car. All vehicles in Canada are required to prosecutors better tools to fight car thieves, customs powers to allow the Canada Border have a VIN in order to clearly distinguish particularly organized crime rings by: Services Agency (CBSA) to detain suspected one motor vehicle from another. Criminal • Creating a separate offence of “theft of a stolen property before it is exported from the car theft rings typically replace the VIN of motor vehicle,” which carries a mandatory country, thus addressing the problem of the a stolen vehicle with one from a legitimate prison sentence of 6 months for conviction exportation of stolen vehicles from Canada vehicle of the same make and model, es- of a third or subsequent offence when the by organized crime. sentially altering the vehicle’s identity; and, prosecutor proceeds by indictment; • Exporting stolen high-end sport utility vehi- • Establishing a new offence for altering, For an online version of the legislation, visit cles and luxury sedans. destroying or removing a VIN; www.parl.gc.ca. Auto theft also often results in dangerous • Making it an offence to traffic in property

BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 61 FEBRUARY 2011 Some special constables are Advertisers Directory Learn more about these Canadian denied recognition Law Enforcement suppliers at www.BlueLine.ca by Edo van Belkom 911 Supply 20 Special constables play an important role Accident Support Services Int’l 51 in keeping the public peace and administrat- ACF Communications 38 ing Canadian justice, yet many can never be Armor Express 58 recognized for their selfless service. Automotive Technology Group 60 The federal government created the Peace Badge and Wallet 60 Officer Exemplary Service Medal (POESM) Baywood Publishing Company Inc 60 Bell Helicopter 9 in 2004. Like other service medals awarded Blue Line Trade Show 31, 32 by the Governor General of Canada (Police, Bosik Technologies 13 Fire, Corrections, EMS and Coast Guard) it is Cape Breton Regional Police 52 presented to peace officers who have provided CAPS Inc 19 20 years of exemplary service. CashTech Currency Products 60 However, while other medals make no Chrysler 64 distinction between recipients who work Constable Cigar Co 60 for federal, provincial or municipal police, CopperBob.com 60 CPKN 49 fire or EMS services, only peace officers CRAFM Inc 28 employed by federal or provincial organiza- CS & P Architects 54 tions are eligible for the POESM. This means CTRI Inc 13 special constables employed by municipal Current Corporation 37 police services are ineligible. The order in tween peace officers who work for a federal, CVDS Inc 55 council creating the medal stipulated only provincial or municipal organization. D & R Electronics 12 officers employed by five organizations were Dalhousie University 27 This issue will become a concern to DAVTECH Analytical Services 19 automatically eligible to receive the award: OPP special constables in the very near Defense Aerosols 39 Canada Border Services Agency, Department future. Although they are eligible to receive DuPont Canada 2 of Citizenship and Immigration, Department the POESM, the force’s prisoner transport Fisher Space Pen 60 of the Environment, Department of Fisheries bureau is less than 10 years old. OPP special Gamber-Johnson 21 and Oceans and Parks Canada. constables nominated for the award have only Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital 49 The order also created an advisory com- worked a portion of their years with the OPP. Humber College & ISN 58 mittee made up of one representative from The majority of their service was done with IBS Sigma 29 each of the listed organizations. It can make In The Line Of Fire 30 municipal police forces before the bureau was Infrared Technologies Canada 23 recommendations on who is eligible – as long created. Therefore, until the eligibility criteria Integral Tactical 61 as they are employed by a federal or provincial is changed, they will be denied a prestigious International Police Accosiation 59 organization. national honour that they should be eligible International Road Dynamics Inc 29 So far, the advisory committee has ap- to receive. John E. Reid 15 proved sheriffs officers from Alberta, British “Canadians are proud of our nation’s Leupold 25 Columbia and Manitoba and Ontario Provin- open and welcoming nature,” Governor Lifeloc Technologies 35 Meggitt Training 36 cial Police special constables. Even though General Michaelle Jean said at the inaugural they work side-by-side with their OPP coun- Mr Pin Man 61 presentation of the POESM – yet this honour Panasonic 4 terparts in remand centres and courthouses is denied some sworn peace officers simply Pelican Products 35 throughout the province, this honour is denied because they work for a municipal force. This PES Canada 51 to special constables employed by Ontario doesn’t seem in keeping with the Governor Police Ordnance Co 59 municipal police forces. They do the same General’s words or the spirit of the national Prairie Geomatics 60 job transporting prisoners as their colleagues honours system. Pride in Service 60 and also perform other duties, including court On behalf of OPP and municipal special Priority Dispatch 14 Royal LePage Kingsbury Realty 60 security and executing court orders. constables across Canada, I ask that you write This is a double standard that has no basis SEALS Action Gear 50 a letter to the director of the Chancellery of Stokes International 61 in law or any other generally accepted notion Honours (Gabriella D. Lappa, Director of T & M Medal Mounting 36 about who or what a peace officer is. 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