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Hydrologic Conditions in Kansas, Water Year 2020

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Hydrologic Conditions in Kansas, Water Year 2020 Hydrologic Conditions in Kansas, Water Year 2020 The U.S. Geological Survey management, protection of life and National Oceanic and Atmospheric (USGS), in cooperation with Federal, property, reservoir operations, agricul- Administration, 2020). All the major State, and local agencies, maintains a tural practices, public supply, ecological drainage basins in the State had areas long-term network of hydrologic moni- assessments, and industrial and recre- with greater than normal, less than toring stations in Kansas. This network ational purposes. normal, and normal precipitation (fig. 3). included 219 real-time streamgages, There was however a pattern of pre- 12 real-time reservoir-level monitoring dominantly greater than normal precipi- stations, and 20 groundwater monitoring Preceding Conditions and tation in north-central and northeastern stations in water year (WY) 2020. A WY Kansas and less than normal precipitation is a 12-month period from October 1 to Precipitation in extreme western and southeastern September 30 and is designated by the Kansas. Despite generally receiving calendar year in which it ends. WY 2019 was characterized by a normal amount of precipitation in Real-time data are verified by greater than normal precipitation across WY 2020, drought conditions intensi- USGS personnel throughout the year the State (fig. 1A; National Oceanic and fied across much of the State (fig. 4A and with regular measurements of stream- Atmospheric Administration, 2020). This B; National Drought Mitigation Center, flow, lake levels, and groundwater levels. resulted in normal to much greater than 2020). Hydrologic data collected in real time normal runoff and streamflow (fig. 1B; Characteristically, Kansas is typified aid in the understanding of, and deci- U.S. Geological Survey, 2020b). Of the by a pronounced gradient of precipita- sions made involving, water resources 12 reservoirs monitored by the USGS in tion across the State, and WY 2020 was of Kansas. Hydrologic conditions are Kansas, 10 began WY 2020 with water- no different. The westernmost part of the assessed annually by comparing statisti- level elevations above their full conserva- State received 10–20 inches of precipita- cal analyses of current and past WY data tion pool. tion, and the easternmost part received for the period of record. The monitor- During WY 2020, some areas of 35–50 inches with small areas receiv- ing of hydrologic conditions in Kansas Kansas received greater than normal ing as much as 50–60 inches (fig. 5; can provide critical information to meet annual precipitation, and some received National Oceanic and Atmospheric several needs including water-resources less than normal precipitation (fig. 2; Administration, 2020). A. Water year 2019 statewide percentage of normal precipitation B. Water year 2019 statewide monthly average runoff 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° 97° 96° 95° Duration hydrograph of monthly runoff for Kansas 40° 90 Republican Missouri Republican Big Blue Smoky Hill Kansas 39° 10 Lower Upper Arkansas Missouri Blackwater 38° Osage 1 Middle Arkansas Neosho Verdigris Monthly runoff, in millimeters Upper Cimarron Arkansas 37° Upper Beaver Lower Cimarron Arkansas 0.1 Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 2020 025 50 75 100 MILES OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 2018 2019 North American Datum of 1983 Last updated: 2021-04-07 0 50 1002575 KILOMETERS EXPLANATION EXPLANATION Percentile class Water year 2019 percentage of Watershed boundaries normal annual precipitation 1981–2010 Lowest — 5 10–24 25–75 76–90 95 Highest— 10th percentile 90th percentile 100 to 109.9 150 to 199.9 Runoff 110 to 124.9 200 to 300 Less than Greater Much less than normal normal Normal than normal Much greater than normal 125 to 149.9 Figure 1. Water year 2019 precipitation in Kansas. A, water year 2019 statewide percentage of normal precipitation (1981–2010; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2020); B, statewide monthly average runoff for Kansas during water year 2019 (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020b). U.S. Department of the Interior Fact Sheet 2021–3045 U.S. Geological Survey August 2021 Water year 2020 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° 97° 96° 95° 40° Republican Missouri Republican Big Blue Smoky Hill Kansas 39° Lower Missouri Upper Arkansas Blackwater Osage 38° Middle Arkansas Neosho Verdigris Upper Cimarron Arkansas Upper Beaver Lower Cimarron A. October 1, 2019 37° Arkansas Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 2020 0 25 50 75 100 MILES North American Datum of 1983 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS EXPLANATION Water year 2020 percentage of normal Watershed boundaries annual precipitation 1981–2010 Less than 25 75 to 89.9 110 to 124.9 25 to 49.9 90 to 99.9 125 to 149.9 50 to 74.9 100 to 109.9 Figure 2. Comparison of water year 2020 statewide percentage of normal B. September 29, 2020 precipitation (1981–2010; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2020). Water year 2020 102° 101° 100° 99° 98° 97° 96° 95° 40° Republican Missouri EXPLANATION Republican Big Blue Drought intensity Abnormally dry Smoky Hill 39° Kansas Moderate Severe Extreme Lower Exceptional Upper Arkansas Missouri Blackwater Osage Figure 4. Comparison of drought conditions in 38° Kansas (National Drought Mitigation Center, 2020). Middle Arkansas A, at the beginning of water year 2020; B, at the end Neosho Verdigris of water year 2020. Upper Cimarron Arkansas 37° Upper Beaver Lower Cimarron Arkansas Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 2020 0 25 50 75 100 MILES North American Datum of 1983 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS EXPLANATION Departure from normal precipitation, Watershed boundaries in inches −12 to −8.1 −2 to 1.9 8 to 11.9 −8 to −6.1 2 to 3.9 12 to 16 −6 to −4.1 4 to 5.9 −4 to −2.1 6 to 7.9 Figure 3. Observed statewide departure from normal precipitation, in inches (1981– 2010; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2020), for water year 2020. Figure 5. Observed statewide precipitation, in inches (1981–2010; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2020), water year 2020. A. Water year 2020 cumulative runoff Hydrograph of cumulative daily runoff for Kansas 300 Drainage Basin Runoff and 100 Streamflow Conditions 10 Estimated runoff (flow per unit area) based on available streamflow data at 1 gaged locations can be used to charac- terize streamflow over large areas such Cumulative runoff between daily 25th and 75th percentiles as drainage basins or States (Brakebill 0.1 Cumulative runoff of daily median Lowest observed cumulative runoff (1956) and others, 2011). In WY 2020, Kansas Cumulative runoff, millimeters in Highest observed cumulative runoff (1993) was characterized by normal to much Observed cumlative runoff (2020) 0.01 greater than normal runoff fig.( 6A and OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 2019 2020 B; U.S. Geological Survey, 2020b). Last updated: 2021-04-07 WY 2020 began with statewide runoff B. Water year 2020 monthly average runoff much greater than the normal level, but Duration hydrograph of monthly runoff for Kansas by summer, runoff was in the normal 90 range, approaching slightly less than the normal level in September (fig. 6B; U.S. Geological Survey, 2020b). The less than normal runoff condition corresponds 10 to the mostly less than normal precipita- tion across most of the State from May to the end of the WY (fig. 7A–J). This 1 condition resulted in increased drought conditions across much of the State by Monthly runoff, in millimeters the end of September 2020, in com- parison with drought conditions at the 0.1 OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP beginning of the WY (fig. 4A; National 2019 2020 Drought Mitigation Center, 2020). Last updated: 2021-10-27 Streamflow conditions across EXPLANATION the State ranged from extremely low Percentile class to extremely high percentiles dur- ing WY 2020 (fig. 8; U.S. Geological Lowest — 5 10–24 25–75 76–90 95 ighest— 10th percentile 90th percentile Survey, 2020b). The southwestern part Runoff Less than Greater of the State remained at less than normal Much less than normal normal Normal than normal Much greater than normal to much less than normal through the entirety of the WY. In the rest of the Figure 6. Statewide runoff for Kansas during water year 2020 State, a wide range of streamflow condi- (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020b). A, cumulative runoff; B, monthly tions was observed. average runoff. A. May 26, 2020 B. May 2020 C. June 30, 2020 D. June 2020 E. July 28, 2020 F. July 2020 EXPLANATION Drought intensity Abnormally dry Moderate Severe Extreme Exceptional Figure 7. Comparison of drought conditions in Kansas (National Drought Mitigation Center, 2020) and observed statewide departure from normal precipitation, in inches (1981–2010; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2020). A, at the end of May 2020; B, the month of May 2020; C, at the end of June 2020; D, the month of June 2020; E, at the end of July 2020; F, the month of July 2020; G, at the end of August 2020; H, the month of August 2020; I, at the end of September 2020; J, the month of September 2020. G. August 25, 2020 H. August 2020 I. September 29, 2020 J. September 2020 EXPLANATION Drought intensity Abnormally dry Moderate Severe Extreme Exceptional Figure 7. Comparison of drought conditions in Kansas (National Drought Mitigation Center, 2020) and observed statewide departure from normal precipitation, in inches (1981–2010; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2020). A, at the end of May 2020; B, the month of May 2020; C, at the end of June 2020; D, the month of June 2020; E, at the end of July 2020; F, the month of July 2020; G, at the end of August 2020; H, the month of August 2020; I, at the end of September 2020; J, the month of September 2020.— Continued Reservoirs Additional reservoirs above their con- Lake, and Clinton Lake) ended the WY, servation pool at the beginning of the still above a 100-percent full conser- WY, but at less than 120 percent of their vation pool, with greater than 40 per- The USGS monitors the water conservation pool, were Wilson Lake cent less than the volume with which level and contents of 12 reservoirs (06868100), Melvern Lake (06910997), they began the WY.
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