Initial Environmental Examination

Project Number: 52313-001 May 2020

Republic of the Philippines: Emergency Assistance for the Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi

Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Utilities Component)

Prepared by Maynilad Water Services, Inc. for the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) and Asian Development Bank. 2

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 04 May 2020)

Currency unit – peso/s (₱) ₱1.00 = $0.0197 $1.00 = ₱50.67

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Fall 0 8

PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi

Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component)

Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Prepared by Maynilad Water Services, Inc. for the Local Water Utilities Administration and the Asian Development Bank

May 2 0 2 0 PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...... 7 Project Description ...... 7 Project’s IEE Process ...... 7 Baseline Characterization ...... 8 Impact Assessment, Environmental Management Plan, and Environmental Monitoring Plan 9 Institutional Arrangement ...... 10 Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 10 Public Consultation ...... 10 Conclusion and Recommendation ...... 11 1 Introduction ...... 12 2 Description of the Project’s IEE Process ...... 13 2.1 Description of Philippines Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ...... 13 2.2 Description of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement ...... 14 2.3 IEE Team ...... 14 2.4 IEE Study Schedule & Area ...... 14 2.5 IEE Methodology ...... 14 3 Description of the Project ...... 15 3.1 Project Location and Area ...... 15 3.2 Project Rationale ...... 16 3.3 Project Components ...... 18 4 Description of the Environment ...... 30 4.1 The Land ...... 30 4.1.1 Land Use ...... 30 4.1.2 Topography ...... 33 4.1.3 Geology ...... 34 4.2 The Water...... 35 4.2.1 Hydrology ...... 35 4.2.2 Water Quality ...... 37 4.3 The Air ...... 38 4.3.1 Meteorology ...... 38 4.3.2 Air Quality ...... 40 4.3.3 Noise ...... 40 4.4 The People ...... 41 4.4.1 Population ...... 41 4.4.2 Economy ...... 43 4.4.3 Infrastructure ...... 44 4.4.3.1 Power Supply ...... 44 4.4.3.2 Water Supply...... 44 4.4.3.2.1 Water Supply Facilities ...... 46 5 Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 49 5.1 Environmental Impact Screening and Assessment ...... 49 5.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase ...... 50 5.1.1.1 Consistency with Land Use ...... 50 5.1.1.2 Public Concern on the Impacts of the Project ...... 50 5.1.1.3 Removal of Vegetation ...... 50 5.1.1.4 Preparation of Plans ...... 50 5.1.2 Construction Phase ...... 50

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PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

5.1.2.1 Change in Surface Topography ...... 50 5.1.2.2 Silt Run-Off from Construction Works ...... 51 5.1.2.3 Air Quality Degredation ...... 51 5.1.2.4 Nuisance due to Noise Generation ...... 51 5.1.2.5 Generation of Domestic Wastewater ...... 51 5.1.2.6 Generation of Solid and Hazardous Wastes ...... 52 5.1.2.7 Impairment of Access Roads and Road Traffic ...... 52 5.1.2.8 Community Safety Risks ...... 52 5.1.2.9 Occupational Safety and Health ...... 52 5.1.2.10 Cultural Impact ...... 53 5.1.2.11 Chance-Find of Artefacts ...... 53 5.1.2.12 Large Population Influx and Social Conflicts ...... 53 5.1.2.13 Displacement of Residents in the Project Site ...... 53 5.1.2.14 Employment Opportunites and Increased Revenue for LGU ...... 53 5.1.3 Operations Phase...... 54 5.1.3.1 Poor Road Restoration ...... 54 5.2 Impact Management Plan ...... 55 5.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 60 5.4 Emergency Response Policy ...... 62 6 Institutional Requirements and Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 62 6.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ...... 63 7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ...... 64 8 Conclusion and Recommendation ...... 67 References ...... 69

List of Figures Figure 1. Location Map of Project Area ...... 15 Figure 2. Map showing the Project Coverage ...... 17 Figure 3. Phase 1 Pipe Alignment ...... 19 Figure 4. Phase 2 Pipe Alignment ...... 29 Figure 5. Land Use Map of Marawi City ...... 33 Figure 6. Slope Map of Marawi City ...... 34 Figure 7. Agus River Basin Map ...... 35 Figure 8. Lake Lanao Map...... 36 Figure 9. Climate Map of the Philippines ...... 39 Figure 10. MCWD Pumping Station ...... 46 Figure 11. Bangon Pumping Station ...... 46 Figure 12. NPC-Agus 1 Pumping Station ...... 47

List of Tables Table 1. Barangays covered by the Project ...... 16 Table 2. Phase 1 Pipe Alignment Details ...... 20 Table 3. Phase 2 Pipe Alignment Details ...... 24 Table 4. Land Area of Marawi City Barangays ...... 30 Table 5. Average Flow of Agus River ...... 36 Table 6. Water Quality Result of Agus River ...... 37 3 | P a g e

PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Table 7. Water Quality Monitoring Results ...... 37 Table 8. Climate Type and Frequency of Typhoons in the Philippines ...... 38 Table 9. Monthly Rainfall Distribution (2001 – 2018) ...... 40 Table 10. Ambient Air Quality Results ...... 40 Table 11. Ambient Noise Quality Results ...... 41 Table 12. IFC-EHS Noise Level Guidelines ...... 41 Table 13. Historical Population and Number of Households of Marawi City ...... 41 Table 14. MCWD Service Area ...... 44 Table 15. Summary of Environmental Impact Screening ...... 49 Table 16. Environmental Impacts for Inclusion in EMP ...... 54 Table 17. Environmental Management Plan ...... 55 Table 18. Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 60 Table 19. Summary of Issues and Concerns during the Public Consultation ...... 64

Annex A – Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist B – Environmental Compliance Certificate of DPWH Transcentral Road Project C – DPWH Letter dated 24 Feb 2020 D – Grievance Redress Registration Form

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PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

List of Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank BARMM Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao BOD Biological Oxygen Demand DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DO Dissolved Oxygen ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau EMP Environmental Management Plan EMoP Environmental Monitoring Plan FS Feasibility Study GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IEC Information, Education, Communication IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC-EHS International Finance Corporation – Environmental Health Safety ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and Syria LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement LGU Local Government Unit LWUA Local Water Utility Adminstration MCWD Marawi City Water District MENRE Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, and Energy MLD Million Liters per Day MWSS Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System NAAQGV National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values NPC National Power Corporation NRW Non-Revenue Water PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration PAP Project Affected Persons PMU Project Management Unit PNSDW Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water PVC Polyvinyl Chloride REA Rapid Environmental Assessment SCM Stakeholders Consultation Meetings TSP Total Suspended Particles TSS Total Suspended Solids UCCRTF Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund

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PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Project Fact Sheet

Name of Project: PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi

Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement)

Project Proponent: Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA)

IEE Preparer: Maynilad Water Services, Inc.

Business Address: MWSS Compound, Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City, Metro Manila

Type of Project: Pipeline and Similar Projects

Objective: To improve the water system capable of providing 24 hour water supply with a minimum pressure of 7psi through total pipe replacement

Project Component: Total pipe replacement within the area with a total length of 31.77 kilometers

Phase 1 – 6.929 kilometers within the DPWH road project Phase 2 – 24.841 kilometers

Contact Persons: Rodney P. Peralta Principal Engineer/ Authorized Representative Local Water Utilities Adminstration Mobile: +639196794535 [email protected]

Nikki J. Bernardo Head, Sales – Cluster 1 Maynilad Water Services, Inc. Mobile: +639988481916 [email protected]

John Emmanuel B. Martinez Head, Environment Management Dept. Maynilad Water Services, Inc. Telephone: +63(2) 981-3484 / 981-3486 [email protected] EIA Preparer Registration No. IPCO-377

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PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Executive Summary

Project Description Marawi City was captured by the supporters of the terrorist group of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in 2017, which triggered a five-month long armed conflict between the Philippine government forces and the militants. The “Marawi Siege” not only damaged vital physical infrastructures of the city, but also brought about massive displacement of the population, hereby affecting the living conditions of both the locals and the residents in nearby areas who are dependent on the city for their economic activities. It is essential that the provision of safe and reliable water supply to majority of the constituents of Marawi City be a priority in the rehabilitation of the city.

The project aims to conduct a total pipe replacement within the area with a total length of 31.77 kilometers. Phase 1 includes a total length of 6.929 kilometers which will be laid within package CP 1-A, CP-B, and CP 2 of the 62-km DPWH transcental road project (see Annex C). An ECC has been obtained for the road project and its conditions and environmental management and monitoring plan must be complied by DPWH and their contractor (see Annex B). Due diligence was conducted and it was determined that pipe laying activities added on to the road rehabilitation work will not generate additional significant environmental impacts. Proper coordination with their office must be observed to ensure that construction activities of this project are ahead or simultaneous with their activities to avoid repetition of works especially the restoration of concrete pavement and that all impacts are properly mitigated.

Phase 2 includes the remaining 24.841 kilometers and will not overlap on the DPWH project. Construction activities for both phases include site survey, clearing and grading, concrete cutting, excavation, pipe lowering, pipe stringing, backfilling, testing, and restoration. For Phase 1, most of these activities will be conducted by the DPWH contractor. For Phase 2, these activities will be done by LWUA contractor.

The objective is to support a water system capable of providing a 24 hour water supply with a minimum pressure of 7psi to cater the demand until 2050.

Project’s IEE Process Based on the environmental categorization of ADB, the project falls under Category B which is defined as projects with potential adverse environmental impacts that are less adverse than those of category A projects, and will require an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report. The conduct of the IEE is guided by the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Presidential Decree No. 1586 which is embodied in DENR Administrative Order No. 30, series of 2003, Environmental Management Bureau MC 2014-005, and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement and Environmental Assessment Guidelines.

Under DENR Administrative Order 2003‐30, and MC 2014-005, the proposed project falls under Category B – Non-Environmentally Critical Project (ECP) as “Other Pipelines/cables (3.7.2).” The project is less than 50 kilometers in length, thus, an IEE Checklist is required by DENR-EMB to secure an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). The ECC application will be submitted to MENRE-BARMM before the end of May 2020 and is estimated to be released after 30 working days. Construction activities will only start once the ECC is issued.

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PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

The IEE Team is composed of qualified individuals from Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (Maynilad), and CEST, Inc. (CEST). The IEE study was conducted from January 2018 to November 2019, in the 19 barangays of Marawi City currently served by the Marawi City Water District. The IEE report will cover both Phase 1 and 2 of the project.

Baseline Characterization Baseline conditions of the project site and impact areas were defined to effectively assess environmental impacts resulting from project activities. Baseline information that were considered include:

Land Use: Marawi City has a total land area of 8,755 ha, that are subdivided to 96 barangays. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources classified the lands into two: Alienable and Disposable, and Forest Land. 58.13% of the 8,755 ha of Marawi City are classified as Alienable and Disposable. Forest lands are generally distributed within the city, with a total of 3,666.05 ha.

Topography: Marawi City forms part of the Bukidnon-Misamis-Lanao Plateau, which is generally a volcanic area associated with the Mindanao volcanic arc. The general topography of the area is varied, from nearly flat, rolling to hilly, and mountainous. 90.65% of the total area has a slope between 0 to 18 percent. The remaining 9.35% has slope above 18%.

Geology: Marawi City is situated in the Central Mindanao Arc, which is divided into three distinct terranes, the Misamis Oriental-Bukidnon-Lanao, Mindanao Central Cordillera, and Central Mindanao Volcanic Arc (CMVA). The city is situated in the Bukidnon-Misamis-Lanao Plateau, which is dotted with active and inactive volcanoes. Some of these active and inactive volcanoes are Ragang, Musuan, Kitanglad, and Kalatungan. Ragang and Musuan are considered active; Kitanglad is inactive, while Kalatungan is potentially inactive. Ragang is about 40 km southeast of Marawi City.

Hydrology: The Agus River Basin mostly consists of the Agus River and Lake Lanao. Agus River is the only outlet of Lake Lanao to the sea, which is located at the north, towards Iligan Bay. Bifurcated branches of water leads the flow to the Maria Cristina Falls and to the Linamom Falls. Agus River has six hydroelectric power plants in a cascading series which are owned and operated by the National Power Corporation (NPC). In total, the Agus River basin is 1,893.99 sq. km. and is composed of five major sub-watersheds namely: Agus, Gata, Masiu, Ramain, and Taraka. 89% of the total area of the basin is within Lanao Del Sur of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), while the remaining is in Lanao Del Norte of Region 10.

Water Quality: Water samples taken from Agus river on January 2018 are within the DENR Admistrative Order 2016-08 Class C standards. Parameters measured are pH, Turbidity, BOD, TSS, and DO. Water samples from the three deepwell sources of MCWD were also taken in June 2018. Based on the results, all parameters are within the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) 2017, except for total coliform, fecal coliform, and heterotrophic plate count.

Meteorology: The province of Lanao Del Sur is a Type III Climate with less pronounced maximum rain period and with a dry season lasting only from one to three months. The dry months occur either during December to February or from March to May. Based on the 8 | P a g e

PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

PAGASA records from 2001 to 2018, the mean monthly rainfall in the city from 2001 to 2018 is 214.4 mm. The months in which the city experiences the most rainfall are from May to October.

Air Quality: Based on the twenty-four (24) hours measurement taken on January 2018, analyzed for Total Suspended Particulates, PM10, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide, air quality is within the DENR National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values (NAAQGV) defined by DENR Administrative Order No. 2000-81. Noise: Ambient noise quality sampling results conducted on Janaury 18-19, 2018 shows that noise level during daytime is within the IFC-EHS standards while noise level during night time exceeded the same standards. Population: Based on the 2015 population census by the Philippine Statistics Authority, the total population of Marawi City is 201,785. Barangay Daguduban has the highest number of people with 3.42% of the total population. Barangay Dimaluna with 3.23% followed second and Barangay Moncado Kadingilan with 2.72% at the third. The lease populous is barangay Tongantongan-Tuca Timbangalan with only 0.22% of the total population.

Economy: Marawi City is predominantly consists of agricultural lands. Agriculture and trading are the two main drivers of the economy of the city. Marawi City also has forest and timberland with a total area of 3666.05 ha. Livestock and poultry farming in Marawi City is limited to small scale and produced only for local consumption. The highest production is chicken, followed by goats, and then ducks. Agus River used to be the main source of fish production by the residents, but private fishing ponds are also present in the area.

Power Supply: Marawi City houses two energy facilities, which are both operated by the National Power Corporation. The two facilities are the Agus River Control Dam and the Agus I Hydro Electric Power Plant. Facilities present in the city are able to serve 97.92% of all the barangays in the city.

Water Supply: The Marawi City Water District (MCWD) is the sole service provider of piped water system in the city. Prior to the siege, the water district had a total of 4,082 household connections. The MCWD covers 41 out the 96 total barangays of Marawi City.

Impact Assessment, Environmental Management Plan, and Environmental Monitoring Plan A comprehensive screening for environmental impacts for both Phase 1 and 2 is made through a review of parameters associated with water supply projects against the components of the proposed project and the direct impact environment. The screening checklist is developed from various sources such as the ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist (Annex A), and DENR’s Generic Initial Environmental Checklist. This will help identify which topics require further attention. Assessment of the impacts is made on the following project phases: pre-construction, construction, and operation and maintenance.

The adverse environmental impacts identified are largely short-term construction impacts that can be addressed by the implementation of mitigation measures. These include generation of solid, liquid and hazardous wastes, impacts to public and workers’ health and safety, inconvenience to the community due to pipe-laying works that could disrupt traffic and utility services. An environmental management plan (EMP) detailing the mitigation measures and

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PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

implementation and monitoring responsiblities was prepared and discussed in Chapter 5 and presented on Table 17. To make this more project specific, various management plans related to the implementation of the project such as the Construction Safety and Management Plan, Traffic Management Scheme, and Wastes Management Plan will be prepared by the contractors and approved by MCWD, PMU and LGU prior to start of construction activities.

An environmental monitoring program (EMoP) has been designed with the objective of monitoring EMP implementation and the changes in key environmental elements so that any long-term adverse impact cause by the project can be predicted. The EMoP is presented on Table 18.

Institutional Arrangement LWUA is the executing agency while MCWD is the implementing agency. LWUA has overall responsibility for project coordination, implementation, and liaison with ADB, DPWH, and other government offices. During the construction phase, the contractor must fully implement the mitigation and enhancement measures presented, which will be monitored by LWUA. The Terms of Reference (TOR) of the contractor shall stipulate compliance of the project with the requirements in the EMP and EMoP. At the end of the contruction phase, MCWD will be responsible for the operations and maintenance of the project, including the continuous compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. ADB will assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project by reviewing environmental monitoring reports submitted by LWUA semi-annually and conducting site visits to validate conditions onsite.

Grievance Redress Mechanism A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be established for this project to manage any possible complaints. It is a systematic process to receive, evaluate, and address project- related grievances of project affected persons (PAP) and/or groups and other stakeholders. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be formed through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between LWUA, MCWD and the Marawi City LGU to attend to grievances. All complaints received in writing (or prepared in written form, when received verbally) from the PAPs shall be properly documented until they are resolved.

Public Consultation The public consultation was initiated by LWUA in partnership with MCWD. The consultation aims to present updates and field activities to be conducted in relation to the project. Topics discussed include the following: project description, project components, project alignment, project benefits, civil works to be undertaken, and estimated timeframe. Chapter 7 summarizes the results of the public consultations.

Meetings with key stakeholders and site visit in Marawi City were conducted in mid-June 2019 prior to the actual public consultations. These include meetings with the Marawi City LGU, MCWD and DSWD Region 10. The public consultation was divided into three clusters. The first cluster consultation was attended by policy and decision makers such as representatives of the LGUs (city and 19 barangays), Task Force Bangon Marawi, MCWD, Office for Civil Defense, Philippine National Police/Armed Forces of the Philippines, LWUA and International Non- Government Organizations. The second cluster consultation attended by business owners, residential customers, schools and learning institutions, health service providers, students, and 10 | P a g e

PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

traditional leaders representatives. The third cluster consultation was attended by representatives from the women, men, youth, and senior citizens sectors.

Key environmental issues and concerns raised were traffic which will affect the day-to-day activities of the community, and local job creation to help the community. MCWD and LWUA responded to these concerns and were considered in impact assessment and mitigation.

Conclusion and Recommendation Based on the screening for environmental impacts and risks, the environmental impacts will be temporary during construction and there are no significant negative environmental impacts and risks that cannot be mitigated. Consequently, this assessment concludes that the proposed project can be implemented in an environmentally acceptable manner. Should there be changes in the project scope and the pipe alignment that would result to significant impacts not included in this assessment, the IEE will be updated to reflect these changes.

The proposed project is recommended for implementation with emphasis on the following: (i) EMP of the project shall be included in the design process; (ii) Contracts of design consultants shall have provisions requiring the consultants to consider EMP recommendations in the design process; (iii) Tendering process shall advocate environmentally responsible procurement by ensuring the inclusion of EMP provisions in the bidding and construction contract documents; and (iv) EMP shall be updated if there will be additional scopes, and impacts, if necessary.

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1 Introduction Marawi City was captured by the supporters of the terrorist group of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in 2017, which triggered a five-month long armed conflict between the Philippine government forces and the militants. The “Marawi Siege” not only damaged vital physical infrastructures of the city, but also brought about massive displacement of the population, hereby affecting the living conditions of both the locals and the residents in nearby areas who are dependent on the city for their economic activities.

The people of Marawi City are in need of basic goods and services such as: potable and safe water, dependable electricity, and good telecommunication facilities, both in the short term and in the long term. Water, in fact, is not only a basic physiological need for survival but also a recognized human right “indispensable for leading a life in human dignity”. In Islamic traditions, sanitation by washing all exposed parts of the body five times a day are among the foundations of well-being and a daily routine before prayers (Quran Reading, 2013). Thus, it is essential that the provision of safe and reliable water supply to majority of the constituents of Marawi City be a priority in the rehabilitation of the city. Provision of the basic goods and services not only prevents the threat of recurrence of such an appalling incident but also increases the resiliency of the community to climate change through better city planning and resilient infrastructure.

Marawi City, previously known as Dansalan City from the word dansal which means “where the waves come to shore”, is a destination point where boats dock. It was created as a municipality under the Moro Province Legislative Council and declared capital of Lanao Province under the American Colonial Government in 1907. Dansalan was converted from a town to a city by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 592 in 1940; it was renamed Marawi City by virtue of Republic Act No. 1552 in 1956; and was made capital of Lanao del Sur upon approval of Republic Act No. 2228 in 1959. Marawi City was declared “Islamic City of Marawi” being the only predominantly Muslim chartered city in the country by virtue of City Council Resolution in 1980.

Marawi City, being a port city, is the center of trade and commerce in the area. As such, its water district was the third to be established among the first 10 pilot water districts in the Philippines. And, due to its strategic location, it has been the subject of countless battles and conquest. But is has been unconquered for centuries until that fateful day of May 23, 2017.

Being in existence since 1974, the existing piped water supply system of Marawi City was already in a dilapidated state even before the armed conflict took place. Water is supplied in rations as the existing pipelines have already surpassed their economic life. Putting a positive spin on the devastations brought by the conflict, this is the most opportune time to reflect on the past experiences and short comings and then not only rehabilitate the city, but also improve water services and consequently uplift local living conditions.

It is the obligation of the national government to rebuild this war-torn city and bring back normality to its people at the soonest possible time. It should be noted that the 2017 Marawi City crisis is different from the 2013 Yolanda tragedy because it is a disaster rooted from conflict as opposed to disaster caused by a natural phenomenon.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB), through the Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund (UCCRTF), is providing a grant to the Government of the Philippines, through the Local Water Utility Adminstration (LWUA), to support the ‘Emergency Assistance for the Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Project’. The grant, with financing of $5 million, was PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

approved by the ADB in December 2018. It is subdivided into two (2) sectors. These sectors have been identified as critical components for the reconstruction and recovery of the city. The first sector focuses on water supply and sanitation while the second sector focuses on health. UCCRTF, as a multi-donor trust fund created to enhance resilience, particularly to the poor and vulnerable, is directing its support towards the provision of these key urban services. The grant also provides for hiring national consultants to assist the Implementing Agencies in fulfilling their project related tasks and responsibilities.

For the Water Supply sector, the grant is subdivided into: (1) Master Development Plan for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Drainage for the whole of Marawi City, comprising 96 Barangays; and (2) Reconstruction and rehabilitation of existing facilities of 19 Barangays of Marawi City; (3) Capacity Building and Project Management. LWUA has commissioned the services of Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (Maynilad) and CEST, Incorporated (CEST) for the implementation of the said projects.

This project is under (2) but is limited to total pipe replacement. Other existing facilities such as pump stations and reservoirs will not be improved. The Marawi City Water District (MCWD) will be responsible for the operations and maintenance of the project.

2 Description of the Project’s IEE Process

2.1 Description of Philippines Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework The Philippines implements an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system by virtue of the Presidential Decree 1586 or the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) system. P.D. 1586 was originally devised as an administrative procedure for an action‐forcing policy that requires proponents of development projects to study and disclose the environmental impacts of their projects. Based on P.D. 1586, project proponents are required to secure an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) as a prerequisite for implementation. The DENR subsequently strengthened P.D. 1586 through the issuance of implementing rules and regulations and administrative orders.

Under DENR Administrative Order 2003‐30, and MC 2014-005, the proposed project falls under Category B – Non-Environmentally Critical Project (ECP) as “Other Pipelines/cables (3.7.2).” The project is less than 50 kilometers in length, thus, an IEE Checklist is required by DENR-EMB to secure an ECC. The ECC application will be submitted to MENRE-BARMM before the end of May 2020 and is estimated to be relased after 30 working days.

Aside from P.D. 1586, other relevant regulatory, policy and administrative requirements for environmental assessment in the country, which was considered in this report, are as follows:

 Philippine Clean Water Act (Republic Act 9275)  Philippine Clean Air Act (Republic Act 8749)  Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (Republic Act 9003)  Toxic, Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act (Republic Act 6969)  Occupational Health and Safety Standards

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PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

2.2 Description of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement The ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement sets out the policy objectives, scope and triggers, and principles for three key safeguard areas, (i) environmental safeguards, (ii) involuntary resettlement safeguard, and (iii) indigenous peoples safeguards. This report will focus on environmental safeguards to be implemented for the project.

Based on the environmental categorization of ADB, the project falls under Category B which is defined as projects with potential adverse environmental impacts that are less adverse than those of category A projects. Category B will require an IEE Report. The report will provide information on the general environmental settings of the project, the impact of the project, and the mitigating measures to minimize said impacts.

2.3 IEE Team The IEE Team is headed by the Senior Assistant Vice President for Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Division of Maynilad, Atty. Roel S. Espiritu. He is assisted by Engr. John Emmanuel B. Martinez, the Head of Environment Management Department, who also prepares other EIA for Maynilad, including those similar to this project. They are joined by Mr. Angelo Navera, part of the same department, who assisted in ambient environmental data collection and monitoring. Environmental baseline condition assessment and data were gathered by CEST, Incorporated (CEST).

2.4 IEE Study Schedule & Area The IEE study was conducted from January 2018 to November 2019. The IEE study area is the whole 19 barangays of Marawi City currently served by the Marawi City Water District, which is the primary impact area. The primary impact area is defined as the immediate vicinity to the perimeter up to a radius of 100 meters. This includes part of the adjoining residential houses, commercial establishments in the vicinity, and those adjacent to the area..

2.5 IEE Methodology The preparation of the IEE Report is guided by the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Presidential Decree No. 1586 which is embodied in DENR Administrative Order No. 30, series of 2003, Environmental Management Bureau MC 2014-005, and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement and Environmental Assessment Guidelines, and follows this process: screening and scoping, public consultation, data gathering, impact assessment, and proposing mitigation and monitoring plans.

This IEE report will cover both Phase 1 and 2 of the project and includes information and data on the following:  Introduction  Description of the Projects’s EIA Process  Description of the Project  Description of the Environment  Screening of Potential Environmentl Impacts and Mitigation Measures  Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plan  Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 14 | P a g e

PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

3 Description of the Project

3.1 Project Location and Area Marawi City is located on the northeastern part of the Lanao Del Sur Province in the BARMM. Its center is situated at geographical coordinate 7°58' to 8°04' north latitude and 124°14' to 124°21' east longitude. It is bounded on the west and northwest by the Municipality of Saguiaran, on the north and northeast by the Municipality of Kapai, on the southeast by the Municipality of Ditsaan-Ramain, and on the south by the Lanao Lake.

Marawi City is accessible from Manila through the Laguindingan International Airport in Misamis Oriental, then through the Pan-Philippine Highway also known as Maharlika Highway (Asian Highway or AH26) and the Iligan City-Marawi City Road. The City is about 85 aerial km north of Cotabato City, the seat of government of BARMM and an hour’s drive from Iligan City, one of the growth centers in Northern Mindanao.

Figure 1. Location Map of Project Area

Marawi City has a total land area of approximately 11,176 hectares, and is politically subdivided into 96 barangays. Of the total 96 barangays, 47 are classified as urban while the remaining is rural.

This project involves total pipe replacement with a length of 31.77 kilometers located within the 19 barangays of Marawi City showed in Table 1.

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Table 1. Barangays covered by the Project

Total Land Area Percent of Total Barangay (ha.) City Land Area Bacolod Chico 32.91 0.37 Bangon 18.99 0.21 Green 14.30 0.16 Bubonga Marawi 13.60 0.15 Dayawan 22.00 0.25 Datu Saber 33.49 0.38 Fort 10.95 0.12 Lilod Saduc 40.84 0.46 Lumbaca Toros 10.53 0.12 Marawi Poblacion 82.56 0.94 Matampay 61.04 0.69 Moriatao Loksadato 32.62 0.37 Panggao Saduc 15.84 0.18 Pindolonan 18.65 0.21 Raya Saduc 6.59 0.07 Saduc Proper 8.34 0.09 Tampilong 46.64 0.53 Tuca 18.73 0.21 Toros 12.17 0.07

3.2 Project Rationale To project aims to improve the water system in the area currently being served by the Marawi City Water District which is composed of 19 Barangays, capable of providing 24 hour water supply with a minimum pressure of 7psi through total pipe replacement. Raw water is abstracted from three deep wells with a total volume of 137 MLD (average for 2019). It is expected that there will be an increase in abstraction rate to cater the demand for water supply.

Marawi City Water District has very high Non-Revenue Water (NRW) at around 67%. This means that only 33% of the water supplied is being billed to the customers. The existing pipe network is also very old, some segments of which were installed in 1905. With this current situation, the proposal is to replace all the existing pipes within the 19 barangays (Table 1) and design it to cater to the demand until 2050.

Since water is a basic need and right, restoration and improvement of water supply is deemed vital in the amelioration of the living conditions of the affected households and the rise of the city from the ruins of war. It is foreseen that with the rehabilitation efforts, there will be population growth in Marawi City, it being the center of the province of Lanao del Sur. Therefore, to ensure the development of a sustainable water supply system, there is a need to properly investigate and evaluate the occurrence, availability, treatment, and distribution of the water supply as well as other socio-cultural perspectives related thereto.

The project will be funded by Asia Development Bank (ADB) aiming to award the project to a Design & Build Contractor by the end of 2019.

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Figure 2. Map showing the Project Coverage

3.3 Project Components The project aims to conduct a total pipe replacement within the area with a total length of 31.77 kilometers. All pipes will be laid below roads. Based on Maynilad’s surveying works, 80.5 percent of the old pipelines are made up of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The remaining are cast iron (11.4 percent), and cement coated (8.1 percent). After the project completion, these pipes will be abandoned and cut off from the water source.

The project will be divided into two (2) phases. Phase 1 includes a total length of 6.929 kilometers which will be laid within package CP 1-A, CP-B, and CP 2 of the 62-km DPWH transcental road project (see Annex C). An ECC has been obtained for the road project and its conditions and environmental management and monitoring plan must be complied by DPWH and their contractor (see Annex B).

Due diligence was conducted and it was determined that pipe laying activities added on to the road rehabilitation work will not generate additional significant environmental impacts. Proper coordination with DPWH – Unified Project Management Office – Road Management Cluster 1 (UPMO-RMC 1) must be observed to ensure that construction activities of this project are ahead or simultaneous with their activities to avoid repetition of works especially the restoration of concrete pavement and that all impacts are properly mitigated. Figure 3 shows the pipe alignment of Phase 1 while Table 2 shows the location details and pipe length and sizes. Pipe sizes are designed to cater the demand until 2050. All pipes to be laid are ready-made PVC.

The project is expected to be completed in seven (7) months, from procurement of materials to testing and pavement restoration.

Figure 3. Phase 1 Pipe Alignment

LEGEND:

- Proposed 100 mm Pipelines mm 100 Proposed -

- Proposed 150 mm Pipelines mm 150 Proposed - Pipelines mm 200 Proposed -

- Proposed 75 mm Pipelines mm 75 Proposed - - Proposed 400 mm Pipelines mm 400 Proposed -

- Proposed 300 mm Pipelines mm 300 Proposed - - Proposed 50 mm Pipelines mm 50 Proposed - Pipelines mm 250 Proposed -

- Proposed 200 mm Transmission lines Transmission mm 200 Proposed - lines Transmission mm 250 Proposed -

- Proposed 500 mm Pipelines mm 500 Proposed - - JICA Project JICA - 19 | Page PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Table 2. Phase 1 Pipe Alignment Details

Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Length, (mm) m Shiek ± 167 Bakol St Extension Amai Pakpak Ave 500 Idaros St Stub- ± 6 Campo Ranao Rd Amai Pakpak Ave out/End 500 Cap End cap ± 424 Sultan Omar Dianalan Blvd Bakol St near 400 bridge Stub- ± 6 Bakol St Sultan Omar Dianalan Blvd out/End 400 Cap Stub- ± 6 Bakol St Shiek Idaros St out/End 400 Cap Stub- ± 6 Amai Pakpak Ave Al Ikhlas St out/End 250 Cap Thobakan ± 326 Al Ikhlas St-Datu Akader St Amai Pakpak Ave 200 St Al Ikhlas St Thobakan St End Cap 200 ± 6 Stub- 200 ± 6 Al Ikhlas St Sumndad St out/End Cap Buadi 200 ± 130 Sumndad St Al Ikhlas St Sacayo St Stub- 200 ± 6 Buadi Sacayo St Sumndad St out/End Cap Amai Pakpak Ave Al Ikhlas St End Cap 200 ± 582 Stub- 200 ± 6 Luksadatu Amai Pakpak Ave out/End Cap Bayabao 200 ± 677 Shiek Idaros St Bakol St Bridge Stub- 200 ± 6 Lake Lanao Circum Road Bayabao Bridge out/End Cap Stub- 200 ± 6 Suklat Rd Shiek Idaros St out/End Cap Stub- 200 ± 6 Engr Sacar Bacman St Shiek Idaros St out/End Cap PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Component) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Length, (mm) m Stub- 200 ± 6 Maruhom St Shiek Idaros St out/End Cap Stub- 200 ± 6 Suklat Rd Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End Cap Stub- ± 6 Amai Pakpak Ave New Capitol Complex Rd out/End 150 Cap Stub- ± 6 Omar Bin Abdul Azis St Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End 150 Cap Stub- ± 6 Suklat Rd Ext Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End 150 Cap Amai ± 321 Pakpak New Capitol Complex Rd End Cap 100 Ave

Sultan ± 83 Omar Amai Pakpak Ave New Capitol Complex Rd 100 Dianalan Rd Omar Bin ± 276 Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd Amai Pakpak Ave Abdul 100 Azis St Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd Omar Bin Abdul Azis St Bakol St 100 ± 738 Stub- ± 6 Lala St Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End 100 Cap Stub- ± 6 Shiek Idaros St Bakol St out/End 100 Cap Stub- ± 6 Ansal St Shiek Idaros St out/End 100 Cap Stub- ± 6 Zaid Ibn Thabit St Amai Pakpak Ave out/End 100 Cap Stub- ± 6 Zaid Ibn Thabit St Datu Akader St out/End 100 Cap Stub- ± 6 Road 37 Datu Akader St out/End 100 Cap Thobakan St Al Ikhlas St Lake 100 ± 166

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Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Length, (mm) m Lanao Circum Road Sumndad ± 174 Buadi Sacayo St Lake Lanao Circum Road 100 St Stub- ± 6 Lake Lanao Circum Road Buadi Sacayo St out/End 100 Cap Al Ikhlas ± 153 Sumndad St Road 37 100 St Sumndad ± 318 Sarimanok Road Amai Pakpak Ave 100 St Stub- ± 6 Road 37 Sumndad St out/End 100 Cap New Capitol Complex Rd Road 21 End Cap 100 ± 358 Stub- ± 6 Unnamed Road New Capitol Complex Rd out/End 100 Cap Amai Pakpak Ave Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd End Cap 75 ± 236 Stub- 75 ± 6 Road 2A New Capitol Complex Rd out/End Cap Stub- 75 ± 6 Harim Ibn Hazam St Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End Cap Stub- 75 ± 6 Provincial Jail Access Rd Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End Cap Stub- 75 ± 6 Agama St Shiek Idaros St out/End Cap Stub- 75 ± 6 Abu Haraira St Al Ikhlas ST out/End Cap Stub- 75 ± 6 Sani St Buadi Sacayo out/End Cap Stub- 75 ± 5 Chairman Camid Amping Road Sumndad St out/End Cap Stub- ± 6 Hatim St Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End 50 Cap Stub- ± 6 Road 5 Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd 50 out/End

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Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Length, (mm) m Cap Stub- ± 6 Road 7A Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End 50 Cap Stub- ± 6 Lala St Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd out/End 50 Cap Stub- ± 6 Dianalan Shiek Idaros St out/End 50 Cap Stub- ± 6 Road 17 New Capitol Complex Rd out/End 50 Cap Stub- ± 6 Road 20 New Capitol Complex Rd out/End 50 Cap Stub- ± 6 Road 21 New Capitol Complex Rd out/End 50 Cap Stub- ± 6 Lower Sacayo St Buadi Sacayo out/End 50 Cap Stub-out for meter banking 50 ± 205 Sumndad ± 6 Buadi Sacayo Stub-out/End Cap 250 St Al Ikhlas ± 130 Sumndad St Buadi Sacayo 250 St Stub- ± 6 Al Ikhlas St Sumndad St out/End 250 Cap Thobakan ± 6 Al Ikhlas St Stub-out/End Cap 250 St Amai ± 346 Datu Akader St – Al Ikhlas St Thobakan St Pakpak 250 Ave Stub- ± 6 Amai Pakpak Ave Al Ikhlas St out/End 250 Cap Bayabao ± 551 Shiek Idaros St Bakol St 200 Bridge Stub- ± 6 Lake Lanao Circum Road Bayabao Bridge out/End 200 Cap Amai ± 166 Bakol St Ext Bakol St Pakpak 200 Ave

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Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Length, (mm) m Stub- ± 6 Campo Ranao Rd Amai Pakpak Ave out/End 200 Cap

Construction activities for both phases include site survey, clearing and grading, concrete cutting, excavation, pipe lowering, pipe stringing, backfilling, testing, and restoration. For Phase 1, most of these activities will be conducted by the DPWH contractor. For Phase 2, these activities will be done by LWUA contractor.

Phase 2 includes the remaining 24.841 kilometers. Figure 4 shows the pipe alignment of Phase 2 while Table 3 shows the location details and pipe length and sizes.

Table 3. Phase 2 Pipe Alignment Details

Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Lengt (mm) h, m Campo ± 280 Campo Ranao Rd Stubout near Amai Park Ave 500 Ranao Rd Stubout ± 339 near Sultan Bakol St Stubout near Shiek Idaros St Omar 400 Dianalan Rd Sultan Omar Dianalan Rd Bakol St Suklat Road 400 ± 276 Campo ± 42 Unnamed Road 1000cum Reservoir 400 Ranao Rd 1000cum ± 65 Campo Ranao Rd Campo Ranao Rd Ext 400 Reservoir Campo ± 348 Napocor Access Rd Ext NPC Agus Pump Station 250 Ranao Rd Campo 250 ± 272 Amai Pakpak Ave Napocor Access Rd Ext Ranao Rd Ext Amai 250 ± 466 Campo Ranao Rd Ext Campo Ranao Rd Pakpak Ave Stubout 250 ± 144 Amai Pakpak Ave Campo Ranao Rd Ext near Al Ikhlas St Unnamed Road Bangon Watermain Road 42 250 ± 24 Campo 200 ± 711 Campo Ranao Rd New Capitol Complex Rd Ranao Rd Ext Shiek 200 ± 343 Amai Pakpak Ave Campo Ranao Rd Idaros St

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Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Lengt (mm) h, m NAPOCOR 200 ± 815 Engr. Sacar Bacman St Stubout near Shiek Idaros St Acces Rd Ext Maruhom St Stubout near Shiek Idaros St Suklat Road 200 ± 586 Lake Lanao 200 ± 38 Unnamed Road MCWD Deep well Circum Road Sumndad 200 ± 151 Al Ikhlas Rd Stubout near Thobakan St St

Buadi 200 ± 686 Luksadatu St Stubout near Amai Pakpak Ave Sacayo St Luksadatu 200 ± 318 Buadi Sacayo St Stubout near Sumndad St St Buadi Sacayo St Luksadatu St Gomising St 200 ± 633 Buadi ± 62 Road 42 Bangon Watermain 200 Sacayo St Stubout ± 342 near Sultan Suklat Road Stubout near Shiek Idaros St Omar 200 Dianalan Rd MCWD ± 193 Lake Lanao Circum Road Stubout near Bayabao Bridge 200 Watermain Amai Pakpak Ave Stubout near Road 19 Road 32 200 ± 85 200cum ± 147 Campo Ranao Rd Campo Ranao Rd 200 Reservoir 200cum ± 189 Campo Ranao Rd Amai Pakpak Ave 200 Reservoir Campo ± 152 Unnamed Road 200cum Reservoir Ranao 200 Road Omar Bin ± 470 Amai Pakpak Ave Subout near New Capitol Complex Abdul Azis 150 St Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan Amai ± 437 Omar Bin Abdul Azis St 150 Rd Pakpak Ave Boriongan ± 920 Boriongan St Gomising St 150 St Gomising St Boriongan St Gomising St 150 ± 820 Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan End Cap ± 661 Suklat Road Ext 150 Rd Omar Bin ± 402 Shiek Idaros St Stubout near Bakol St Abdul Azis 100 St Road 8C New Capitol Complex Rd End Cap 100 ± 290

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Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Lengt (mm) h, m Campo ± 304 Ranao New Capitol Complex Rd Stubout near Road 17 100 Road

Ansal St Stubout near Shiek Idaros St Maruhom St 100 ± 141 Taher St Suklat Road Maruhom St 100 ± 179 Road 39 Engr Sacar Bacman St Road 40 100 ± 88 Lake Lanao Circum Road Stubout near Buadi Sacayo St End Cap 100 ± 70 Lake Lanao Circum Road MCWD Watermain End Cap 100 ± 68 Lake Lanao ± 269 Desarip St Lake Lanao Circum Road Circum 100 Road Desarip St Ext Desarip St End Cap 100 ± 193 Lower ± 319 Road 42 Bangon Watermain 100 Sacayo St Boriongan St Boriongan St Gomising St 100 ± 905 Boriongan ± 616 Gomising St Gomising St 100 St Stubout near New Capitol Complex End Cap ± 442 Unnamed road 100 Rd Campo ± 221 New Capitol Complex Rd Stubout near unnamed road Ranao 100 Road Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan Shiek ± 291 Lala St 100 Rd Idaros St Stubout ± 128 Road 37 Stubout near Sumndad St near Al 100 Ikhlas St Stubout ± 334 Zaid Ibn Thabit St Stubout near Amai Pakpak Ave near Datu 100 Akader St Stubout near New Capitol Complex End Cap ± 161 Road 2A 75 Rd Road 3A Amai Pakpak Ave End Cap 75 ± 106 Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan Adiyy Ibn ± 94 Harim Ibn Hazam St 75 Rd Hatim St Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan ± 105 Provincial Jail Access Rd Road 6A 75 Rd Road 10 Bakol St Lala St 75 ± 167 Road 12 Bakol St Lala St 75 ± 175 Road 13 Lala St End Cap 75 ± 157 Road 14 Bakol St Lala St 75 ± 174 Road 15 Lala St End Cap 75 ± 160 Road 16 Road 8C Road 18C 75 ± 193 Zaid Ibn ± 167 Abu Huraira St Stubout near Al Ikhlas St 75 Thabit St

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Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Lengt (mm) h, m Stubout near Engr Sacar Bacman Shiek ± 188 Agama St 75 St Idaros St Datu Pangapon Rd Bakol St Suklat Road 75 ± 475 Road 29 Suklat Road Ext End Cap 75 ± 199 Road 30 Suklat Road Ext End Cap 75 ± 125 Chairman Camid Pumping Luksadatu ± 278 Sumndad St 75 Rd St Sani St Stubout near Buadi Sacayo St Al Ikhlas St 75 ± 148 Stubout For Meter Banking 75 ± 75 Road 2C Amai Pakpak Ave End Cap 50 ± 113 Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan ± 59 Adiyy Ibn Hatim St End Cap 50 Rd Adiyy Ibn Hatim St Harim Ibn Hazam St End Cap 50 ±111 Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan ± 68 Road 5 End Cap 50 Rd Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan ± 139 Road 7A End Cap 50 Rd Road 9 Amai Pakpak Ave End Cap 50 ± 100 Road 11 Lala St End Cap 50 ± 157 Stubout near Sultan Omar Dianalan ± 287 Lala St End Cap 50 Rd Stubout near New Capitol Complex ± 171 Road 17 Road 16 50 Rd Stubout near New Capitol Complex ± 157 Road 20 End Cap 50 Rd Stubout near New Capitol Complex ± 105 Road 21 End Cap 50 Rd Road 22 Road 21 End Cap 50 ± 125 Road 24 Campo Ranao Rd Ext End Cap 50 ± 86 Road 25 Amai Pakpak Ave End Cap 50 ± 85 Road 31 Suklat Road Ext End Cap 50 ± 119 Road 32 Amai Pakpak Ave End Cap 50 ± 137 Road 33 Luksadatu Road Road 34 50 ± 50 Road 34 Road 33 End Cap 50 ± 151 Chairman ± 246 Camid Road 35 Luksadatu Road 50 Pumping Rd Road 28 Engr Sacar Bacman St End Cap 50 ± 88 Dianln St Stubout near Shiek Idaros St Maruhom St 50 ± 83 Torogan Alley Ansal St End Cap 50 ± 109 Lower Sacayo St Stubout near Buadi Sacayo St Road 42 50 ± 404 Boriongan ± 430 Road 43 Gomising St 50 St Stubout for Meter Banking ± 660 50

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Proposed Pipe Along From To Size Lengt (mm) h, m Buadi ± 62 Road 42 Bangon Watermain 250 Sacayo St Stubout ± 112 near Buadi Sacayo St Road 42 250 Sumndad St Stubout ± 139 near Al Ikhlas St Stubout near Sumndad St 250 Sumndad St Campo ± 130 Amai Pakpak Ave Stubout near Al Ikhlas St Ranao Rd 250 Ext Campo ± 466 Campo Ranao Rd Ext Amai Pakpak Ave 250 Ranao Rd 1000cum ± 53 Campo Ranao Rd Campo Ranao Rd Ext 250 Reservoir Campo ± 42 Unnamed Road 1000cum Reservoir 250 Ranao Rd Amai ± 340 NAPOCOR Acces Rd Ext NPC Agus Watermain 250 Pakpak Ave 200cum ± 188 Campo Ranao Rd Amai Pakpak Ave 250 Reservoir Campo ± 152 Unnamed Road 200cum Reservoir 250 Ranao Rd Lake Lanao ± 19 Unnamed Road MCWD Watermain Circum 200 Road Stubout ± 210 near Lake Lanao Circum Road MCWD Watermain Bayabao 200 Bridge

1000cum ± 212 Campo Ranao Rd Stubout near Amai Pakpak Ave 200 Reservoir Campo ± 60 Unnamed Road 1000cum Reservoir 200 Ranao Rd

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75Ø 50Ø

75Ø

100Ø 50Ø

100Ø

150Ø 75Ø 75Ø 50Ø 50Ø

100Ø

50Ø 75Ø

100Ø 150Ø 100Ø 100Ø 50Ø PLAN A 75Ø

75Ø 50Ø

100Ø

100Ø 200Ø 75Ø

100Ø 200 cu. m 200Ø 75Ø 1000 cu. m 50Ø 100Ø 75Ø 50Ø 150Ø 400Ø 200Ø 75Ø

75Ø

200Ø 500Ø 400Ø 400Ø

75Ø 500Ø 400Ø 250Ø 75Ø 50Ø

250Ø 200Ø 75Ø 100Ø 50Ø

50Ø 200Ø

50Ø 50Ø 250Ø 75Ø 50Ø 200Ø

250Ø 50Ø 250Ø

50Ø

200Ø

250Ø NPC AGUS 1 PS 200Ø 100Ø 50Ø 200Ø 100Ø 75Ø

Figure 4a. Phase 2 Pipe Alignment

29a | Page 200Ø 100Ø 75Ø

200Ø

100Ø

50Ø 50Ø 50Ø 100Ø

75Ø 200Ø 100Ø 200Ø 100Ø

200Ø 50Ø

200Ø

100Ø 100Ø 200Ø 100Ø 50Ø

100Ø

75Ø 100Ø 75Ø MCWD 100Ø 75Ø

50Ø 100Ø

PLAN B 200Ø

200Ø

BANGON 100Ø

100Ø

50Ø

200Ø

150Ø

Figure 4b. Phase 2 Pipe Alignment

29b | Page 50Ø PLAN C 150Ø

100Ø

Figure 4c. Phase 2 Pipe Alignment

29c | Page PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

4 Description of the Environment

4.1 The Land

4.1.1 Land Use Marawi City has a total land area of 8,755 ha, that are subdivided to 96 barangays. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources classified the lands into two: Alienable and Disposable, and Timber Land. Alienable and Disposable land refers to the type of land that can be subjected to the present system of classification, and is declared as not needed for forest purposes. Timber land refers to the area that is allotted for the forest environment. Table 4 shows the areas of each barangay with their corresponding classification and land use. Names highlighted are covered by the project.

Table 4. Land Area of Marawi City Barangays

Alienable Percent of Timber Barangay Classification and Total Area Total City Land Land Disposable Area Ambolong Rural 8.54 8.54 0.09%

Amito Marantao Rural 15.65 15.65 0.17%

Bacolod Chico Rural 32.91 32.91 0.37%

Banga Rural 127.12 127.12 1.45%

Bangco Rural 376.90 107.47 484.37 5.53% Banggolo Poblacion Urban 5.04 5.04 0.05%

Bangon Urban 18.99 18.99 0.21%

Basak Malutlut Urban 129.50 129.50 1.47%

Biaba Damag Urban 77.34 77.34 0.88%

Bito Buadi Itowa Rural 21.77 21.77 0.24% Bito Buadi Parba Rural 20.60 20.60 0.23% Boganga Rural 41.96 41.96 0.47%

Boto Ambolong Rural 3.14 3.14 0.03%

Bubong Lumbac Urban 21.69 21.69 0.24% Bubonga Lilod Madaya Urban 4.61 4.61 0.05%

Bubonga Marawi Urban 13.60 13.60 0.15%

Bubonga Pagalamatan Rural 8.84 8.84 0.10% Bubonga Punud Rural 141.95 141.95 1.62%

Bubungan Cadayonan Rural 13.33 13.33 0.15%

Cabasaran Rural 595.93 1,081.40 1677.33 19.15% Cabingan Rural 73.08 73.08 0.83%

Cadayonan I Rural 1.96 1.96 0.02%

Cadayonan II Rural 97.82 97.82 1.11%

Calocan West Urban 9.25 9.25 0.10%

Calocan East Urban 51.99 51.99 0.59%

Daguduban Urban 35.66 35.66 0.40%

Dansalan Urban 5.58 5.58 0.06%

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Alienable Percent of Timber Barangay Classification and Total Area Total City Land Land Disposable Area Datu Naga Urban 3.91 3.91 0.04%

Datu Sa Dansalan Urban 5.11 5.11 0.05%

Datu Saber Urban 33.49 33.49 0.38%

Dayawan Rural 22.00 22.00 0.25%

Dimaluna Rural 74.68 74.68 0.85%

Dulay Rural 300.01 7.35 307.37 3.51% Dulay West Rural 208.91 208.91 2.38%

East Basak Urban 46.59 46.59 0.53%

East Marinaut Urban 3.08 3.08 0.03%

Emie Punud Rural 57.03 57.03 0.65%

Fort Urban 10.95 10.95 0.12%

Gadongan Urban 31.77 31.77 0.36% Gadongan Mapantao Rural 66.46 66.46 0.75% Green Urban 14.30 14.30 0.16%

Guimba Rural 184.36 50.65 235.01 2.68% Kapantaran Rural 19.64 19.64 0.22%

Kilala Rural 58.13 58.13 0.66%

Kormatan Matampay Rural 151.46 930.74 1082.20 12.36% Lilod Madaya Urban 4.60 4.60 0.05%

Lilod Saduc Urban 40.84 40.84 0.46%

Lomidong Rural 57.02 57.02 0.65%

Lumbac Marinaut Urban 3.15 3.15 0.03%

Lumbaca Madaya Urban 6.03 6.03 0.06%

Lumbaca Toros Rural 10.53 10.53 0.12%

Malimono Rural 80.84 1,415.32 1496.15 17.08% Marawi Poblacion Urban 82.56 82.56 0.94%

Matampay Urban 61.04 61.04 0.69%

Mipaga Rural 68.80 68.80 0.78%

Moncado Colony Urban 13.23 13.23 0.15%

Moncado Kadingilan Urban 55.66 55.66 0.63%

Moriatao Loksadato Urban 32.62 32.62 0.37%

Norhaya Village Urban 2.33 2.33 0.02%

Olowa Ambolong Rural 13.12 13.12 0.15%

Pagalamatan Gambai Rural 28.59 28.59 0.32%

Pagayawan Rural 2.96 2.96 0.03%

Panggao Saduc Urban 15.84 15.84 0.18%

Pantaon Urban 51.28 51.28 0.58%

Papandayan Rural 77.44 77.44 0.88%

Papandayan Caniogan Rural 83.56 20.49 104.06 1.18% Paridi Rural 12.10 12.10 0.13%

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Alienable Percent of Timber Barangay Classification and Total Area Total City Land Land Disposable Area Patani Urban 229.7 34.74 264.51 3.02% Pindolanan Rural 18.65 18.65 0.21%

Poona Marantao Rural 32.24 32.24 0.36%

Puga-an Urban 47.94 47.94 0.54%

Rapasun MSU Rural 58.93 58.93 0.67%

Raya Madaya I Urban 3.94 3.94 0.04%

Raya Madaya II Urban 3.05 3.05 0.03%

Raya Saduc Urban 6.59 6.59 0.07%

Rorogagus Proper Rural 64.63 64.63 0.73%

Rorogagus East Rural 83.02 17.87 100.89 1.15% Sabala Manao Urban 3.33 3.33 0.03%

Sabala Manao Proper Urban 4.87 4.87 0.05%

Saduc Proper Urban 8.34 8.34 0.09%

Sagonsongan Rural 101.69 101.69 1.16%

Sangcay Dansalan Urban 3.74 3.74 0.04%

Somiorang Rural 21.91 21.91 0.25%

South Madaya Urban 4.00 4.00 0.04%

Sugod Proper Urban 131.99 131.99 1.50%

Tampilong Rural 46.64 46.64 0.53%

Timbangalan Rural 38.02 38.02 0.43%

Tolali Urban 53.61 53.61 0.61%

Tongan tongan Rural 8.48 8.48 0.09%

Toros Rural 12.17 12.17 0.13% Tuca Rural 18.73 18.73 0.21%

Tuca Ambolong Rural 5.59 5.59 0.06%

Tuca Marinaut Urban 3.30 3.30 0.03% Wawalayan Calocan Urban 6.29 6.29 0.07%

Wawalayan Marinaut Urban 12.08 12.08 0.13%

West Marinaut Urban 4.13 4.13 0.04%

5,088.95 3,666.05 8,755.00 100.00% Source: CLUP, LGU Marawi City

58.13% of the 8,755 ha of Marawi City are classified as Alienable and Disposable. These lands can be used by the government for development and are further subdivided into different classifications: 4,319.51 ha is for agriculture, and the rest is for residential and commercial. The Provincial Capitol Civic Center occupies 175.45 ha, while the MSU occupies 0.99 ha. Military camps are present in the city, such as the Camp Ranao which is distributed to 15 barangays, with a total area of 667.16 ha.

Forest lands are generally distributed within the city, with a total of 3,666.05 ha. Some of the forest lands are shared with the different municipalities, such as the Municipality of Kapai in the north, Municipality of Bubong in the east and the Municipality of Saguiran in the west. Forest

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lands are also present within the city, particularly in barangays Guimpa, Rorogagus East, Papandayan Caniogan, Dulay and Patani. Figure 5 shows the existing land use map based on the CLUP.

Figure 5. Land Use Map of Marawi City

4.1.2 Topography Marawi City forms part of the Bukidnon-Misamis-Lanao Plateau, which is generally a volcanic area associated with the Mindanao volcanic arc. The general topography of the area is varied, from nearly flat, rolling to hilly, and mountainous. Relatively flat to sloping terrain characterizes the coastal area of Lanao Lake, particularly the southwestern portion. Angoyao Hills (Barangay Sogod), Signal Hill (Barangay Matampay), Arumpac Hill (Barangay Saduc) and Mt. Mupo (Barangay Guimba) are the prominent points in the City. These points are actually coning of extinct volcanoes. Mt. Mupo is the highest peak with elevation of 940 m above mean seal level (mamsl). It is located within the Sacred Mountain National Park, a declared protected area by virtue of Republic Act No.4190.

Based on Figure 6, 90.65% of the total area has a slope between 0 to 18 percent. The remaining 9.35% has slope above 18%. The steep slopes start from the northern part of the city, and it goes south towards Mapaga Proper, Rorogagus East, Papandayan Canioga, Pantaon

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Kilala, Sugod Proper, Patani and Pugaan. Terrain starts to be gentle extending up to the southern boundary of the city, as it nears Lanao Lake.

Figure 6. Slope Map of Marawi City

4.1.3 Geology Tectonically, the Philippines is divided into two regions, the NNW-SSE trending seismically active zone and the stable (aseismic) region around the Sulu Basin at the southwest portion of the archipelago. Mindanao Island is situated in the active zone. It is a composite of volcanic arc, sedimentary basin, and oceanic crust. Hence, the island is divided into nine dominant stratigraphic groups. Marawi City is situated in the Central Mindanao Arc, which is further divided into three distinct terranes, the Misamis Oriental-Bukidnon-Lanao, Mindanao Central Cordillera, and Central Mindanao Volcanic Arc (CMVA).

The city is situated in the Bukidnon-Misamis-Lanao Plateau, which is dotted with active and inactive volcanoes. Some of these active and inactive volcanoes are Ragang, Musuan, Kitanglad, and Kalatungan. Ragang and Musuan are considered active; Kitanglad is inactive, while Kalatungan is potentially inactive. Ragang is about 40 km southeast of Marawi City.

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4.2 The Water

4.2.1 Hydrology The Agus River Basin mostly consists of the Agus River and Lake Lanao. Agus River is the only outlet of Lake Lanao to the sea, which is located at the north, towards Iligan Bay. Agus River has six hydroelectric power plants in a cascading series which are owned and operated by the National Power Corporation (NPC). In total, the Agus River basin is 1,893.99 sq. km. and is composed of five major sub-watersheds namely: Agus, Gata, Masiu, Ramain, and Taraka. 89% of the total area of the basin is within Lanao Del Sur of the BARMM, while the remaining is in Lanao Del Norte of Region 10. 29 municipalities and one city lie within Lanao Del Sur while seven municipalities and one city in Lanao Del Norte. Figure 7 gives the total area of the Agus River while Table 5 shows the average flow of Agus River.

Figure 7. Agus River Basin Map

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Table 5. Average Flow of Agus River

Average Outflow Minimum Mean Maximum 1986 20 60.36917 124 1987 3 77.235 139 1988 11 81.915 142 1989 0.6 82.58167 156 1990 15 81.14833 127

Lake Lanao is the second largest lake in the country and the largest in Mindanao with an area of 340 km2. It is a proclaimed as a watershed forest reserved per Proclamation No. 871 issued on February 26, 1992. It is the second deepest lake in the Philippines and one of the 17 Ancient Lakes in the world. Water in the lake is also use for irrigation in the Basak area.

The key threats to Lake Lanao include overfishing, pollution, and competition from introduced species which caused the extinction of flora and fauna species. A 2006 study conducted by the Mindanao State University (MSU) discovered massive algal contamination in Lake Lanao, which was thought to be due to poor sewage and agricultural waste management. However, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources reported that soil erosion from indiscriminate logging, extensive land use, and farming caused the algal contamination.

Figure 8. Lake Lanao Map

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4.2.2 Water Quality Table 6 shows the water quality sampling results of Agus river taken from the IEE of the Marawi Ring Road project of DPWH. The sample was taken from a point of Agus river with geographical coordinates 8O2.0’07.22”N, 124O17.0’01.89”E on January 18, 2018. The analysis was conducted by CRL Environmental Corporation, a DENR recognized laboratory. Based on the results, all parameters measured are within the DENR Adminstrative Order 2016-08 Class C standards. Table 6. Water Quality Result of Agus River

Parameters Result DAO 2016-08 Class C limits pH 6.7 6.5 – 9.0 Temperature, OC 26.5 25.0 – 31.0 Turbidity, NTU 10.0 --- BOD, mg/L 1.0 7.0 TSS, mg/L 5.0 80.0 DO, mg/L 7.2 5.0 (minimum)

Water samples were also taken from the three deep well pumping stations of Marawi City Water District on June 2018 and were tested at the Maynilad Central Laboratory. A summary of the results is shown in Table 7.

Table 7. Water Quality Monitoring Results

TEST ID UNIT PNSDW BANGON PS MCWD NPC AGUS-1 PS 2017 PS

Temperature ⁰C 18.4 18.4 18.7 Turbidity NTU 5 0.33 0.53 0.5 pH 6.5-8.5 6.8 7.11 6.85 Residual Chlorine mg/L 0.3-1.5 0.49 0.03 0.05 Apparent Color PtCo 10 1 0 0 True Color PtCo 5 0 0 0 Total Iron mg/L 1 0.02 0.01 0.02 Dissolved Iron mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.01 Alkalinity mg/L 89.6 66.9 130.5 Carbonates mg/L 109.31 81.62 166.53 Acidity mg/L 3.6 3.6 3.6 Free CO2 mg/L 3.17 3.17 3.17 Total Hardness mg/L 300 55.29 52.45 110.46 Ca Hardness mg/L 46.82 38.6 78.62 Ca2+ Hardness mg/L 18.73 15.44 31.45 Mg2+ Hardness mg/L 2.08 3.38 7.78 TSS mg/L 0 0 0 TDS mg/L 600 155.9 102.2 75.6 Conductivity µS/cm 283 186.3 139.4

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Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 6.8 6.52 7.54 Sulfates mg/L 250 2 2 2 Total Manganese mg/L 0.4 0.003 0 0 Dissolved mg/L 0 0 0 Manganese NH4-N mg/L 0.2 0 0 0 Nitrates mg/L 2.9 12 3 UV254 Abs/cm 0.017 0.007 0.013 UV Transmittance % 96.2 98.3 97.2 Total Coliform MPN/100 <1.1 >8.0 8 >8.0 Fecal Coliform MPN/100mL <1.1 2.6 <1.1 <1.1 Heterotrophic Plate CFU/mLmL <500 >65,000 >65,000 >65,000 Count

Based on the results, water quality of the three deep wells, which are the water source of the city, are within the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) 2017, except for total coliform, fecal coliform, and heterotrophic plate count.

4.3 The Air

4.3.1 Meteorology The Philippine climate is characterized as tropical and maritime, with a relatively high temperature, high humidity and abundant rainfall. PAGASA classifies climate into four types based on the seasonal rainfall distribution, which considers the two most important rain periods in the country. The main cause of these rain periods are the southwest and northeast monsoons. The Modified Corona’s Classification classifies a dry month that produced less than 50 mm of rainfall. In some cases, a time period is still classified as dry even if it has experienced more than 100 mm of rainfall, given that it was preceded by 3 or more months of dry climate.

Table 8. Climate Type and Frequency of Typhoons in the Philippines

Climate Type Description Type I Two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. Maximum rain period is from June to September. Type II No dry season with a very pronounced maximum rain period from December to February. There is not a single dry month. Minimum monthly rainfall occurs during the period from March to May Type III No very pronounced maximum rain period with a dry season lasting only from one to three months, either during the period from December to February or from March to May. This type resembles types I since it has short dry season. Type IV Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. This type resembles type 2 since it has no dry season.

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The province of Lanao Del Sur is a Type III Climate with less pronounced maximum rain period and with a dry season lasting only from one to three months. The dry months occur either during December to February or from March to May. Figure 9 shows the Philippine climate classified into four types based on the modified Corona’s classification of climate.

Figure 9. Climate Map of the Philippines

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Based on the PAGASA records from 2001 to 2018, the mean monthly rainfall in the city from 2001 to 2018 is 214.4 mm. The months in which the city experiences the most rainfall are from May to October. Table 9 shows the monthly rainfall distribution from 2001 to 2018.

Table 9. Monthly Rainfall Distribution (2001 – 2018)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Mean [mm] 211.4 162.6 136.3 123.3 266.4 329.6 254.6 217.3 273.0 210.2 196.0 192.6 214.4

Max [mm] 615 449.3 321.2 263.7 370.7 588.2 422.5 371.1 495.3 334.1 362.3 540.7 427.8

Source: PAGASA Agrometeorological Station in MSU, Marawi City

4.3.2 Air Quality Table 10 shows the ambient air quality sampling results conducted at Barangay Bubong, Saguiaran, Lanao Del Sur on Janaury 18-19, 2018 taken from the IEE of the Marawi Ring Road project of DPWH. The sampling location is centered at geographical coordinates 8O1.0’41.02”N, 124O16.0’17.83”E. Twenty-four (24) hours measurement were taken and analyzed for Total Suspended Particulates, PM10, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide. The sampling and analysis was conducted by CRLCalabarquez Corporation, a DENR recognized laboratory. Based on the results, all parameters measured are within the DENR National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values (NAAQGV) defined by DENR Administrative Order No. 2000-81. Table 10. Ambient Air Quality Results

Parameters Result DAO 2000-81, NAAQGV 24-hr sampling TSP, µg/Ncm 15.7 230.0

PM10, µg/Ncm 11.7 150.0

NO2, µg/Ncm 3.9 150.0

SO2, µg/Ncm ND 180.0

Since the sampling point and the project area are within the same air shed, air quality is expected to be same in the project area.

4.3.3 Noise Table 11 shows the ambient noise quality sampling results conducted by CRL Calabarquez Corporation at Barangay Bubong, Saguiaran, Lanao Del Sur on Janaury 18-19, 2018 taken from the IEE of the Marawi Ring Road project of DPWH. The sampling location is centered at geographical coordinates 8O1.0’37.68”N, 124O16.0’19.36”E which is mostly a residential area. The IFC’s Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines is used as the reference standard (Table 12). Based on the results, noise level during daytime is within the IFC-EHS standards while noise level during night time exceeded the same standards.

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Table 11. Ambient Noise Quality Results

Sampling Average IFC-EHS Remarks Time dBA Standard, dBA 1415 H 53.3 55.0 Passed 1615 H 51.3 55.0 Passed 1815 H 52.8 55.0 Passed 2015 H 52.3 55.0 Passed 2215 H 51.1 45.0 Exceeded 0015 H 51.9 45.0 Exceeded 0215 H 51.4 45.0 Exceeded 0415 H 51.2 45.0 Exceeded 0615 H 53.9 45.0 Exceeded 0815 H 52.9 55.0 Passed 1015 H 52.4 55.0 Passed 1215 H 54.2 55.0 Passed

Table 12. IFC-EHS Noise Level Guidelines

Receptor Daytime Night time 0700 – 2200 H 2200 – 0700 H Residential, institutional, educational 55.0 45.0 Industrial, commercial 70.0 70.0

4.4 The People

4.4.1 Population Based on the 2015 population census by the Philippine Statistics Authority, the total population of Marawi City is 201,785. Barangay Daguduban has the highest number of people with 3.42% of the total population. Barangay Dimaluna with 3.23% followed second and Barangay Moncado Kadingilan with 2.72% at the third. The least populous is barangay Tongantongan-Tuca Timbangalan with only 0.22% of the total population. 96% of the population classified themselves as Maranaos, the rest belong to other ethnic groups such as Biasaya, Cebuano, and Tagalog. Table 13 shows the historical population of Marawi City and the corresponding number of households per barangay. Names highlighted are covered by this project.

Table 13. Historical Population and Number of Households of Marawi City

Barangay Historical Population No. of 1990 1995 2000 2010 2015 Households (2015) Ambolong 464 660 580 923 1,085 163 Amito Marantao 597 489 892 591 1,224 175 Bacolod Chico 416 523 613 1,092 1,075 158 Banga 259 512 380 1,112 1,164 167 Bangco 892 654 309 1,126 1,653 265 Banggolo Poblacion 2,480 1,949 3,121 3,248 3,321 474 41 | P a g e

Bangon 1,388 1,504 1,656 1,971 2,165 318 Basak Malutlut 764 642 974 1,691 2,827 397 Biaba Damag 321 870 1,010 1,873 2,173 326 Bito Buadi Itowa 57 508 995 905 902 123 Bito Buadi Parba 372 404 502 1,013 1,323 191 Boganga 218 494 910 1,111 1,453 203 Boto Ambolong 197 598 493 2,473 1,801 309 Bubong Lumbac 76 159 201 513 563 83 Bubonga Lilod Madaya 1,447 1,490 2,384 2,111 2,699 393 Bubonga Marawi 588 998 1,733 1,764 1,920 307 Bubonga Pagalamatan 619 247 1,430 922 149 Bubonga Punud 94 354 450 652 649 105 Bubungan Cadayonan 155 250 454 671 788 116 Cabasaran 749 1,460 1,431 2,328 2,736 418 Cabingan 807 947 1,116 3,521 4,222 606 Cadayonan I 445 1,066 1,027 3,008 3,225 428 Cadayonan II 639 747 903 1,278 1,217 190 Calocan East 285 288 250 771 1,342 229 Calocan West 1,110 898 1,166 1,482 1,164 184 Daguduban 3,063 3,329 5,503 6,067 6,896 1008 Dansalan 2,798 3,548 2,428 2,423 2,751 396 Datu Naga 2,783 2,679 2,648 2,948 2,341 346 Datu Sa Dansalan 1,716 1,823 2,891 3,981 3,675 527 Datu Saber 1,481 2,100 2,495 3,088 3,415 497 Dayawan 458 569 1,154 719 729 123 Dimaluna 3,450 3,697 3,461 6,549 6,516 787 Dulay 216 742 903 1,293 1,684 270 Dulay West 204 321 676 781 831 134 East Basak 306 375 567 1,265 1,613 221 East Marinaut 1,666 1,607 1,353 1,059 1,291 238 Emie Punud 246 335 420 963 1,802 288 Fort 768 970 1,155 1,530 1,671 250 Gadongan 368 771 933 1,556 1,640 289 Gadongan Mapantao 446 532 617 1,520 1,412 239 Green 1,789 2,177 2,523 3,027 3,020 398 Guimba 697 787 1,076 1,736 1,980 330 Kapantaran 1,510 1,402 2,200 2,422 2,438 331 Kilala 262 760 777 1,277 1,277 183 Kormatan Matampay 481 1,000 1,028 1,408 1,394 227 Lilod Madaya 1,192 2,310 2,072 3,285 3,066 470 Lilod Saduc 1,520 2,354 2,039 3,936 3,904 596 Lomidong 2,273 2,452 3,267 5,426 5,470 674 Lumbac Marinaut 432 595 859 1,230 1,277 234 Lumbaca Madaya 2,398 2,789 1,885 2,332 2,343 328 Lumbaca Toros 321 345 361 574 581 96 Malimono 1,741 2,332 2,071 2,692 2,711 401 Marawi Poblacion 500 647 1,173 2,608 4,002 593 Matampay 1,347 1,620 2,011 3,056 3,508 559 Mipaga 357 814 1,571 1,722 1,896 300 Moncado Colony 3,033 2,960 2,452 3,365 3,573 563 Moncado Kadingilan 1,642 2,144 2,881 5,396 5,483 675 Moriatao Loksadato 701 980 1,489 1,894 2,099 301 Norhaya Village 1,485 1,362 1,921 2,910 3,206 419 Olawa Ambolong 288 621 712 779 772 116 Pagalamatan Gambai 516 1,198 1,347 1,358 1,334 189 Pagayawan 318 639 1,038 949 1,043 168 Panggao Saduc 2,650 2,291 3,011 4,009 4,025 652 Pantaon 158 324 517 1,017 696 108 Papandayan 732 716 576 1,065 1,862 280 42 | P a g e

Papandayan Caniogan 735 744 984 1,823 2,027 293 Paridi 303 529 788 912 862 120 Patani 576 699 1,197 1,268 1,517 213 Pindolonan 365 523 764 987 1,053 149 Poona Marantao 491 305 824 805 1,197 157 Puga-an 960 1,118 1,685 2,082 1,562 234 Rapasun MSU 1,573 1,947 1,893 2,390 3,365 419 Raya Madaya I 1,719 2,213 1,671 1,683 2,272 338 Raya Madaya II 494 1,705 1,143 1,004 1,281 163 Raya Saduc 1,927 1,746 2,008 2,578 2,558 428 Rorogagus East 139 838 904 1,767 1,587 251 Rorogagus Proper 416 1,064 2,139 4,146 4,751 645 Sabala Manao Proper 2,082 2,186 1,847 1,924 2,331 371 Sabala Manao 1,757 1,979 1,348 2,776 2,745 423 Saduc Proper 965 1,712 1,830 2,584 2,569 374 Sagonsongan 98 266 344 498 500 75 Sangcay Dansalan 2,981 2,669 2,536 3,324 2,484 406 Somiorang 18 181 203 540 539 81 South Madaya 1,037 1,621 1,836 1,714 1,396 237 Sugod Proper 1,080 1,291 1,509 2,862 2,901 429 Tampilong 514 1,164 787 1,263 1,725 243 Timbangalan 823 1,063 478 1,240 1,422 202 Tolali 1,329 1,473 2,039 2,899 2,879 412 Tongan tongan 234 199 292 341 445 56 Toros 321 412 572 942 1,173 163 Tuca Ambolong 501 406 754 954 1,301 213 Tuca 413 650 1,004 669 810 116 Tuca Marinaut 864 715 1,188 1,183 1,347 202 Wawalayan Calocan 1,212 1,006 1,583 2,217 2,185 316 Wawalayan Marinaut 702 1,046 1,556 2,167 2,229 420 West Marinaut 2,140 2,323 1,526 1,691 1,932 302 TOTAL 91,901 113,893 131,090 187,106 201,785 29,732

4.4.2 Economy Marawi City is predominantly consisted of agricultural lands. Agriculture and trading are the two main drivers of the economy of the city. From its land use, agriculture has a total land allocation of 4,319.51 ha, or 49.34% of the total land area. Lands can either be mainly for pasture (1,940 ha), uplands (1,160 ha), corn (628 ha), rice (523 ha) and other miscellaneous crops such as coffee, ginger, and fruit bearing trees (68 ha). Rice and corn are the two main produce of the city. Due to the city’s terrain and elevation, corn and rice fields are not fully irrigated. Only 35% of rice cultivated land have an irrigation system while the remaining are rainfed.

Marawi City also has forest and timberland with a total area of 3,666.05 ha. Timber logs such as red and white Lawaan, Tangile, and rare species of Narra trees are present within the city. Fruit bearing trees are also planted such as mango, avocado, santol, jackfruit, lanzones, caimoto, pomelo and durian. One of the protected forest reserves of Marawi City is Mt. Mupo, which is also known as the sacred mountain. It is proclaimed as a national park and a protected area.

Livestock and poultry farming in Marawi City is limited to small scale and produced only for local consumption. The highest production is chicken, followed by goats, and then ducks. On average, six carabaos are consumed daily and is expected to rise as the demand is increasing.

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Agus River and Lanao Lake are the two main water bodies that are present near Marawi City. Agus River used to be the main source of fish production by the residents, but due to the disturbance of the lake’s ecosystem, such as an accidental introduction of predator fish species and destabilization of the lake’s water level and quality, less fish has been caught from Agus River. Most fish and other aquatic products are sourced from Ilana and Iligan Bay.

Based on the Bureau of Aquatic Resources, there are 1,545 registered fishermen in Marawi City. 500 of the 1,545 are part-time fishermen, and about 700 are non-registered. The total number of fishermen in the city is estimated at about 2,300. Motorized boats are estimated at about 188 while 355 for non-motorized.

Private fishing ponds are also present in the area, with around 23 in barangays Malimono, Guimba, and Dulay, while 35 in barangays Colocan West and Amito.

As part of the rehabilitation plan of Marawi City, the fishing industry would be one of the major priorities by providing financial support and loan programs. The implementation of Project BaSIL (Balik Sigla sa Ilog at Lawa) will provide fingerlings of indigenous and noninvasive fish species in the lake. The project will also provide fiberglass fishing boats to the fisherfolk.

4.4.3 Infrastructure

4.4.3.1 Power Supply Marawi City houses two energy facilities, which are both operated by the National Power Corporation. The two facilities are the Agus River Control Dam and the Agus I Hydro Electric Power Plant. Agus I generates 80 megawatts of power and is one of the seven hydroelectric plants along the 36 kilometer Agus River. Lanao Del Sur Electric Cooperative (LASURECO) is the electric cooperative firm that provides energy to Marawi City, as well as to the province of Lanao Del Sur. Facilities present in the city are able to serve 97.92% of all the barangays in the city.

4.4.3.2 Water Supply The Marawi City Water District (MCWD) is the sole service provider of piped water system in the city. Prior to the siege, the water district had a total of 4,082 household connections. The monthly production capacity was 232,055 cu.m. A minimum of Php 190.00 is charged for the first 10 cu.m., then additional charges will be applied per cubic meter of exceedance.

The MCWD covers 41 out the 96 total barangays of Marawi City. Consumers in areas not covered by the water district have their own deepwells. Table 14 shows the served barangays per well pumping station. Brgy. Wawalayan Marinaut is served by both MCWD Head Office and PNP/City Jail Well Stations while Brgy. Raya Saduc is served by both PNP/City Jail and NPC Agus 1 Well Stations.

Table 14. MCWD Service Area

Well Station Barangays Served No. 1 – MCWD Head Office Bangolo Poblacion Raya Madaya I

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No. 2 – MCWD Head Office Raya Mdaya II Lumbaca Madaya Sabala Manao Proper Datu sa Dansalan Dansalan Sangcay Dansalan Lilod Madaya South Madaya Bubonga Lilod Madaya Daguduban Tolali Wawalayan Calocan No. 3 – PNP / City Jail Wawalayan Marinaut West Marinaut Lumbac Marinaut Datu Naga Moncado Colony Moncado Kadingilan Norhaya Village No. 4 – Bangon Bangon Fort Green Bacolod Chico Moriatao Loksadato Datu Saber Toros Pindolanan Dayawan Raya Saduc 1000 cu. m. reservoir located in Camp. Ranaranao. No. 5 – NPC Agus 1 Matampay Tampilong Marawi Poblacion Datu Saber Panggao Saduc Lilod Saduc Saduc Proper Raya Saduc

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4.4.3.2.1 Water Supply Facilities There are three functioning pumping stations that provide water to Marawi city. These are the MCWD Deep well pumping station, Bangon Deep well pumping station, and National Power Corporation (NPC) – Agus 1 Deep well pumping station. These facilities are not covered by the project and no work will be done to improve them.

The MCWD pump station 1 is located in the compound of the MCWD office near the Most Affected Area (MAA) of Marawi city. The pumping station used to operate for 24 hours, but is now reduced to running 13 hours a day. According to MCWD’s previous data, this pumping station has a capacity of 1.33 million liters a day (MLD).

Figure 10. MCWD Pumping Station

Bangon Pumping Station is MCWD’s largest pumping station and the most reliable source of water. It has a capacity of 2.93 MLD based on the pump test conducted by MCWD with a 30 hp pump. A 37.5 MVA transformer supplies power to the pump.

Figure 11. Bangon Pumping Station 46 | P a g e

The NPC-Agus 1 pumping station is located inside the Agus 1 Hydropower Plant complex of the NPC. It has a tested capacity of 1.23 MLD based on the pump test conducted by MCWD. Due to its proximity to the Agus 1 Hydro-power Plant, it has a reliable power supply. It is the only functioning deep well pumping station without an emergency generator. The set-up is the same as in Bangon pump station, having a reduced voltage magnetic starter control for the submersible pump.

Figure 12. NPC-Agus 1 Pumping Station

Based on surveying works, 80 percent—or 12,389.04 km—of MCWD’s pipelines are made of PVC. The remaining pipes are cement-lining coated (8 percent) and cast iron (11 percent).

MCWD also manages a 1000-cubic meter reservoir located at Campo Ranao. It is a submerged concrete structure estimated to be over 100 years old according MCWD and was constructed in the 1900’s. According to MCWD Operations personnel, the reservoir does not have major leaks based on their monitoring using the access ladder as reference for the water level. The discharge pipe lines have recently been rehabilitated due to illegal connections.

During the assessment, the top slab of the reservoir was found to be in good physical condition with no major structural damage such as cracks, deflection, and settlement. The reservoir walls were also found to be in good physical condition but hairline cracks were observed on the plastered side of the wall. An exposed construction joint was also noted along with the effects of weathering on the concrete surface exposing the aggregates within. Cracks were also observed on the inlet pipe encasement. The access manholes of the reservoir were also found to be in good physical condition and no structural damage was observed.

There is also a 200-cubic meter concrete tank situated on a concrete riprap on a mountain slope and is estimated to have been constructed in the 1980’s but has not been in operation since the 1990’s. MCWD personnel discontinued operating the facility due to illegal connections. 47 | P a g e

A complete visual assessment was not accomplished due to the inaccessibility of the area. The structure was overgrown with vegetation and only a portion of the tank was visible. The inlet and outlet pipes were still intact but the distribution pipes were already decommissioned by MCWD.

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5 Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

5.1 Environmental Impact Screening and Assessment A comprehensive screening for environmental impacts for both Phase 1 and 2 is made through a review of parameters associated with water supply projects against the components of the proposed project and the direct impact environment. The screening checklist is developed from various sources such as the ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist (Annex A), and DENR’s Generic Initial Environmental Checklist. This will help identify which topics require further attention.

Assessment of the impacts is made on the following project phases: pre-construction, construction, and operation and maintenance. The result of the environmental impact screening is reflected in Table 15.

Table 15. Summary of Environmental Impact Screening

Environmental Impacts Without Mitigation With Mitigation Pre-Construction Phase Consistency with land use  -  Public concern on impacts of the project  -  Removal of vegetation/ trees  -  Construction Phase Change in surface topography  -  Silt run-off from construction works, camps, warehouse  -  Air quality degradation due to construction works  -  Nuisance due to noise generation  -  Generation of domestic wastewater from contractor’s  -  camp and warehouse Generation of solid and hazardous wastes  -  Impairment of access roads  -  Increased road traffic  -  Community safety risks due to construction works  -  Occupational safety and health  -  Cultural impact  -  Chance-find of artefacts  -  Large population influx  -  Social conflicts  -  Displacement of residents in the project site  -  Enhance employment and livelihood opportunities  +  + Increased revenue for LGU  +  + Construction and Operation Phase Poor road restoration  -  Legend:  = significant;  = insignificant; + = positive; - = negative

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5.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase

5.1.1.1 Consistency with Land Use Concern on compatibility with existing land use plan of Marawi City is insignificant since pipes will be laid below roads and no physical asset will be constructed above ground. However, Right of Way must be secured from owners of properties, if necessary.

5.1.1.2 Public Concern on the Impacts of the Project Both environmental and social impacts of the project must be discussed and explained to the public. Potential nuisances and problems to the public during construction can best be avoided if proactively addressed during the pre-construction phase. IEC shall be done especially on the host barangay and LGU. In addition, prior to site works, the contractor must develop a Construction Safety and Management Plan and seek for its approval. Together with the proponent, they shall coordinate with different agencies in the acquisition of necessary permits, clearances, and approvals.

5.1.1.3 Removal of Vegetation It is unlikely that vegetation and trees will be removed during the implementation of the project. However, in the event that trees will be cut or earthballed, a corresponding Permit to Cut/ Earthball Trees must be secured from the MENRE. MENRE will validate and approve the list of trees submitted for cutting and will be marked. Actual cutting will be done by the contractor with DENR’s supervision. PMU will oversee the process.

5.1.1.4 Preparation of Plans It is important that all documents and plans related to the implementation of the project are prepared and approved prior to start of construction activities. The Construction Safety and Management Plan, Traffic Management Plan, and Construction schedule must be prepared and presented by the contractor, and approved by the LGU, MCWD, and PMU. These documents may be updated from time to time depending on the situation in the ground and subject to the same approval process.

A waste management plan must also be prepared and must be aligned with DENR regulations such as RA 9003, RA 6969, and its IRR.

5.1.2 Construction Phase

5.1.2.1 Change in Surface Topography The construction works will not involve modification of the site topography. Pipelines will follow as much as possible the existing site contour. This issue is therefore considered not significant.

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5.1.2.2 Silt Run-Off from Construction Works During rainy periods, exposed soil at the construction site can easily be washed away by runoff and carried to the natural drainage system. Hence, soil erosion of the construction sites could occur if preventive measures are not instituted.

Surface run-off can be controlled by constructing and installing silt traps, deviation channels mounting, barriers and trenches around the stock piles. Washing of cement mixers and other construction equipment will not be allowed onsite and must be done in contractor’s barracks or warehouse where silt control and sedimentation basin will be constructed. Filtrate will be recycled if possible. If not, the contractor must hire a DENR-approved service provider for the proper disposal of wastewater.

5.1.2.3 Air Quality Degredation Dust generation from trenching and earthwork activities during dry periods will cause air pollution problem. Intermittent episodes of air pollution from movement of vehicles and operation of equipment may also occur. This issue is considered significant during dry periods.

The contractor should be required to perform regular water spraying of the sites during dusty periods in order to reduce the generation of dusts. He will also be required to use equipment and vehicles that are properly maintained.

5.1.2.4 Nuisance due to Noise Generation Potential sources of noise are the construction equipment, such as trucks and other equipment, which can generate noise of up to 80 dB(A) from a distance of 30 meters. Loud noise sources such as blasting are not allowed. This issue is important since the proposed pipelines routes are within numerous residential and commercial areas.

Nuisance from equipment noise can be mitigated with the use of sound suppression devices for the equipment. Use of noise generating equipment will be limited during daytime and prayer time will be taken into consideration. Schedule of construction must be presented to the barangays, subject to their approval.

5.1.2.5 Generation of Domestic Wastewater Domestic wastewater will be generated from contractor’s camp and warehouse toilet and kitchen. Wastewater will also be generated from washing construction equipment. In identifying appropriate location for contractor’s camp and warehouse, provision of sanitary facilities must be considered. There should also be at least one 2-chamber septic tank for the collection of domestic wastewater from toilet and kitchen.

Desludging of the septic tank must be done every quarter to ensure that wastewater do not overflow to bodies of water. A DENR-approved service provider must be employed for this activity.

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5.1.2.6 Generation of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Spoils and other construction wastes will be generated during construction activities. Heavy equipment and vehicles will also be used in these which will generate hazardous wastes such as from fuel, oil, and grease, and some activities may also involve the use of paints and solvents.

A waste management plan must be developed by the contractor, subject to the approval of LGU, MCWD, and PMU before the start of the activity, and implemented within the project site, contractors’ camp, and warehouse in accordance with applicable laws. Burning of wastes is strictly prohibited. A secured, temporary storage area for these wastes must be available to prevent accidental spills. All workers must be briefed on the management of all types of wastes. Disposal of solid wastes must be coordinated with the LGU while hazardous wastes must be handled by DENR-accredited service providers.

5.1.2.7 Impairment of Access Roads and Road Traffic The pipe laying works may cause traffic congestion in heavily traversed roads and narrow streets. Excavation of roads will also hinder public access, especially to residential and commercial establishments. These issues are considered significant.

The contractor must prepare and present a Traffic Management plan to the LGU, MCWD, and PMU for approval before the start of construction works. A person must be assigned as traffic aide during the construction works. The sidestreet parking of construction vehicles will not be allowed. Installation of flashing boards, bollards, concrete barriers, safety warnings/signages will be conducted to inform the public.

For access, the contractor must provide temporary access in areas needed in order not to restrict the public. If there are no works, excavated areas must be covered with steel plates so that access will not be impaired.

5.1.2.8 Community Safety Risks Pipelaying works along the roads may result to hazardous driving conditions since vehicles would still be using the road while construction activities are ongoing. The movement of construction vehicles and excavations would pose some hazards to the driving public. There is also risk of people falling down in open trenches since pipelaying trenches are normally left uncovered until pipeline testing is completed.

Barricades and steel plate covers will be provided in open excavations during non-working hours. Warning signages and flashing boards will be posted at the excavation site. In case there will activities at night, lighting signs must be provided. A Construction Safety and Management Plan must be prepared by the contractor prior to any construction acitivity.

5.1.2.9 Occupational Safety and Health The Construction Safety and Management Plan must also address the hazards on the safety and health of workers, both in the construction sites and in their camps. An orientation for construction workers regarding health and safety measures, emergency response and

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prevention of HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and other diseases must be conducted regularly. In addition, the following must be available and readily accessible to all workers:

 first aid and fire fighting equipment  separate sleeping quarters and comfort rooms for male and female workers  reliable supply of water for drinking, cooking, and washing  safety gadgets such as boots, hard hat, masks, ear protection, gloves, etc.

The contractor must also ensure that appropriate signages are posted around the sites and that sufficient lighting is available at night.

5.1.2.10 Cultural Impact Since residents of Marawi City are mostly Muslims, people may experience disruptions in their religious obligations because of the project including those who will be hired as workers.

The contractor must provide worship/prayer room and ablution facilities in work places as needed. Align lunch break with the prayer time so that, after lunch, the workers may join the prayer session before coming back to work. There may be a need to employ flexible working schedule as needed or in case work schedules so required.

5.1.2.11 Chance-Find of Artefacts Marawi City has rich cultural heritage and history. During the Marawi conflict, some of their priceless artefacts were lost and destroyed. The possibility of chance finds in the project site is likely since the project requires digging and clearing of sites.

In case of a chance find, the contractor must immediately cease operations at the site of discovery and inform MWCD, who will then inform LWUA. LWUA must notify the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) and other concerned government agencies for the next steps. Work can only continue after NHCP has provided official notification accordingly.

5.1.2.12 Large Population Influx and Social Conflicts Population influx and social conflicts will not be significant since workers to be hired by the project will be sourced from the host LGU and also from adjacent barangays and municipalities.

5.1.2.13 Displacement of Residents in the Project Site There are no settlers that will be displaced by the project.

5.1.2.14 Employment Opportunites and Increased Revenue for LGU Construction activities will require a considerable number of workers. The impact would be beneficial and significant since employment opportunities in the area will increase. Hiring will be prioritize for qualified locals. LGU revenues is expected to increase due to the purchase of locally available materials and equipment for construction, translating to additional taxes.

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5.1.3 Operations Phase

5.1.3.1 Poor Road Restoration In case of leak repairs and maintenance of pipes, roads may be excavated again until the issue is fixed. Although this is only temporary, this will cause disturbance to the community. In addition, if roads are poorly restored, this may cause accidents, traffic congestion, and hazards to the community.

During excavation and leak repair, mitigating measures identified during the construction phase will be applied. To ensure restoration of roads are satisfactory, a Certificate of Completion must be secured from the Barangay.

Based on the above impact and risk screening, Table 16 shows the environmental impacts that required mitigation and shall be carried to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Table 16. Environmental Impacts for Inclusion in EMP

Environmental Impacts Without Mitigation With Mitigation Pre-Construction Phase Public concern on impacts of the project  -  Removal of vegetation/ trees  -  Construction Phase Silt run-off from construction works  -  Air quality degradation due to construction works  -  Nuisance due to noise generation  -  Generation of domestic wastewater from contractor’s  -  camp and warehouse Generation of solid and hazardous wastes  -  Impairment of access roads  -  Increased road traffic  -  Community safety risks due to construction works  -  Occupational safety and health  -  Cultural impact  -  Chance-find of artefacts  -  Enhance employment and livelihood opportunities  +  + Increased revenue for LGU  +  + Construction and Operation Phase Poor road restoration  -  Legend:  = significant;  = insignificant; + = positive; - = negative

For Phase 1 of the project, it was confirmed with DPWH will also implement the proper management and mitigation of environmental impacts associated with their project. The DPWH letter is in Annex C.

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5.2 Impact Management Plan Table 17 presents the environmental mitigation measures to be implemented to address potential adverse impacts of the proposed project. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed for the pre-construction and construction phases of the project. The bidding documents for the project must include the implementation of the EMP.

Table 17. Environmental Management Plan

Project Phase / Environmental Potential Options for Institutional Cost Responsibilities Environmental Component Impact Prevention or Aspect Likely to be Mitigation or Implementation (I) Affected Enhancement Monitoring (M) Pre – Construction Phase Acquisition of People Public concern Conduct of Information LWUA (I) Php 100,000 clearances, on and Education MWCD (I) approvals, and environmental Campaign (IEC) on permits and social the project impacts of the project Conduct EIA of the proposed project

Inform Barangay and LGU about the project

Secure ECC, permits, clearances, and approvals from relevant government agencies

Availability of Contractor to prepare Contractor (I) plans such as plans and seek Construction approval of LGU, Safety and MCWD, and PMU Mgmt Plan, prior start of any Traffic Mgmt construction works Plan, Schedule, Waste Mgmt Plan

Site clearing Vegetation Possible Comply with LWUA (M) Php 10,000 removal of government MCWD (M) affected trees requirements and (to be secure Permit to Contrcator (I) confirmed Cut/Earthball Trees prior to start of from DENR construction)

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Project Phase / Environmental Potential Options for Institutional Cost Responsibilities Environmental Component Impact Prevention or Aspect Likely to be Mitigation or Implementation (I) Affected Enhancement Monitoring (M) Construction Phase Erosion and Water Clogging of Construction of LWUA (M) Php 40,000 surface soil canals/ temporary works such MCWD (M) runoff drainage as silt traps, deviation channels mounting, Contrcator (I) barriers and trenches around the stock piles.

Washing of construction equipment will be done in the construction camp Generation of Water Discharge of Set up adequate toilet LWUA (M) Php 100,000 domestic untreated facilities; ensure MCWD (M) wastewater wastewater to sufficient washrooms from water bodies for workers Contrcator (I) contractor’s camps and Regular desludging of warehouse septic tank

Designate area with silt control for washing of construction equipment Dust emission Air Air pollution Water sprinkling of LWUA (M) Php 50,000 from civil works areas prone to dust MCWD (M) and movement People emission of vehicles Contrcator (I) Generation of Noise Nuisance to Install noise LWUA (M) Php 10,000 noise and public suppression device in MCWD (M) vibration equipment Contrcator (I)

Schedule of construction must be prepared and presented by the contractor to Brgys, subject to their approval Land clearing, Land Temporary Provide temporary LWUA (M) Php 100,000 earthworks, inconvenience access (i.e. steel MCWD (M) excavation and due to plates to cover open pipe-laying restriction of trenches where Contractor (I) access where access in areas are the new pipes needed) in order not to will be restrict the public, installed along especially in existing road residential and alignment commercial areas. fronting the house Brgy approval of a structures, and construction schedule 56 | P a g e

Generation of Implement solid waste hazwastes, and hazardous waste spoils and management plan in other accordance with construction applicable laws wastes Traffic People Traffic Contractor to prepare LWUA (M) Php 100,000 congestion due and present a Traffic MCWD (M) to closure or Management plan to partial closure the LGU, MCWD, and of roads PMU, subject to their Contractor (I) approval.

Assign a traffic aide to manage traffic

Sidestreet parking of construction vehicles will not be allowed.

Install flashing boards, bollards, concrete barriers, safety warnings/signages.

Provide temporary access for affected people if necessary Occupational People Health and Contractor to prepare LWUA (M) Php 100,000 Safety and safety of and implement MCWD (M) Health of workers Construction Safety workers and Management Contractor (I) Plan, subject to the approval of the LGU, MCWD, and PMU

Regular orientation on Safety and Health measure, emergency response plan, prevention of HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and other diseases

Comply with govt directives & protocols on COVID-19

Access to first aid and fire fighting equipment 57 | P a g e

Reliable supply of water for drinking, cooking, washing

Require wearing of safety gadgets (boots, hard hat, masks, ear protection, gloves, etc.)

Install appropriate signages around the sites and sufficient lighting is available at night Safety of People Safety of Barricades and steel LWUA (M) Php 100,000 passersby and passersby plate covers will be MCWD (M) damage to provided in open adjacent Damage to excavations during Contractor (I) structures adjacent non-working hours. properties Warning signages and flashing boards will be posted at the excavation site.

Provide lighting at open excavations at night.

Cultural Impact People Cultural Ensure provision of LWUA (M) Php 20,000 Impact worship/prayer room MCWD (M) and ablution facilities in work places as needed. Contractor (I)

Align lunch break with the prayer time so that, after lunch, the workers may join the prayer session before coming back to work.

Employ flexible working schedule as needed or in case work schedules so required 58 | P a g e

Project Phase / Environmental Potential Options for Institutional Cost Responsibilities Environmental Component Impact Prevention or Aspect Likely to be Mitigation or Implementation (I) Affected Enhancement Monitoring (M) Chance Finds People Cultural Contractor must MWCD (M) Php 20,000 Impact immediately cease LWUA (M) operations at the site of discovery and Contractor (I) inform MWCD, who will then inform LWUA

LWUA must notify the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) and other concerned government agencies for the next steps Improvement of People Provide Prioritization in hiring LWUA (M) None livelihood, employment qualified locals MCWD (M) businesses, opportunities revenues Prioritization of local contractors and Contractor (I) providers in the goods and services needed for the project

Increased LGU revenues resulting from the purchase of locally available materials and equipment for construction, translating to additional taxes. Construction and Operation Phase Poor restoration Land Damage to Require contractors to MCWD (M) None of excavated property/ secure Certificate of areas People roads Completion from Contrcator (I) concerned Barangays

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5.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan An environmental monitoring program has been designed with the objective of monitoring EMP implementation and the changes in key environmental elements so that any long-term adverse impact cause by the project can be predicted. The EMoP is presented in Table 18.

Table 18. Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environment

Estimated

per Project per Project Envtl per

Potential

al Aspects al Aspects

Impacts

Person Annual

Sector Sampling & Measurement Plan EQPL Management Scheme

Frequen

Phase

Paramete Lead

Method Locatio

Cost Key r to be

n EQPL Range Management Measure

Monitore

d Alert Action Limit Alert Action Limit CONSTRUCTION PHASE Dust Air Dust Measurement, Every Construction Contr Php TSP < TSP = TSP = None Water Stop generation quality emission using 3 sites actor 150,000 150 150 230 sprinklin work approved mos. µg/NCM µg/NCM µg/NCM g and equipment revise mgmt plan Traffic Air Dust Observation Daily Construction Contr Php Traffic Traffic Traffic None Provide Stop quality sites actor 10,000 time < 10 time = 10 time = addtl work mins mins 15 mins traffic Safety aide hazards Noise Noise Noise Measurement Week Construction Contr Php 55 dBA 58 dBA >58 dBA None Request levels using noise ly sites actor 50,000 clearance from meter; brgy to work on observation their agreed schedule

Constructio Safety Implement Observation Daily Construction Contr Php N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A n hazards ation of sites actor 100,000 safety guidelines

Disposal of Solid Volume of Measurement Daily Construction Contr Php Waste Waste not Waste None Call Hire constructio wastes constructi sites actor 100,000 not disposed not brgy for own n wastes on wastes disposed after 3 disposed the servic generated after a days after a immedia e day week te provid disposal er of PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Environment

Estimated

per Project per Project Envtl per

Potential

al Aspects al Aspects

Impacts

Person Annual

Sector Sampling & Measurement Plan EQPL Management Scheme

Frequen

Phase

Paramete Lead

Method Locatio

Cost Key r to be

n EQPL Range Management Measure

Monitore

d Alert Action Limit Alert Action Limit wastes Runoff of Water Turbidity Measurement Durin Construction Contr Php Turbidity Turbidity Observe None Provide Stop sediments pollution of storm g sites actor 50,000 < 50 = 50 d mud addtl silt work water excav accumul traps runoff ation/ ation on dewat gutters ering activit ies Land Land/ Quality of Observation Daily Construction Contr Non N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Restoration Aesthetic restoration sites actor e

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5.4 Emergency Response Policy Workplaces should promote health and safety. An adequate emergency response plan at appropriate levels for different facilities must be established. This is to ensure that at any emergency situation, facilities as well as personnel are ready to response, thus, minimizing and/or avoiding possible losses and risk exposure of business operations.

Safety protocols in the workplace will be available for guidance of employees and contractors which includes general construction and safety guidelines, vehicular, personnel accidents and damages, wearing of personal protective equipment, safety in the use of tools and equipment, electrical and underground works safety measures, fire and other natural calamities and first aid treatment.

6 Institutional Requirements and Grievance Redress Mechanism For this project, LWUA is the executing agency while MCWD is the implementing agency. LWUA has overall responsibility for project coordination, implementation, and liaison with ADB, DPWH, and other government offices. LWUA will establish a Project Management Unit (PMU) to coordinate implementation at the national level, including procurement of goods, works, and services. The PMU shall also coordinate with DPWH regarding the implementation of the Phase 1 of the project. A team of consultants will assist LWUA’s PMU and MCWD during pre- construction and construction phases. A PMU staff shall be designated as the Environment Officer for the project who will oversee the implementation of environmental management and monitoring plan, ensuring compliance with environmental laws and permitting requirements of the Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Energy of BARMM (MENRE-BARMM), as well as other requirements of the local government and other agencies.

During the construction phase, the contractor must fully implement the mitigation and enhancement measures presented, which will be monitored by LWUA. The Terms of Reference (TOR) of the contractor shall stipulate compliance of the project with the requirements in the EMP and EMoP. At the end of the contruction phase, MCWD will be responsible for the operations and maintenance of the project, including the continuous compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations.

ADB will assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project by reviewing environmental monitoring reports submitted by LWUA semi-annually and conducting site visits to validate conditions onsite. Corrective actions will be agreed with LWUA, MCWD and the contractor to address deficiencies in EMP implementation or inadequacy of mitigation measures. ADB will disclose on its web site semi-annual environmental monitoring reports submitted by LWUA.

6.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) To manage any possible complaints lodged on the project, there is a need to establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). A GRM is a systematic process to receive, evaluate, and address project-related grievances of project affected persons (PAP) and/or groups and other stakeholders. This mechanism shall be disclosed in public consultations and in meetings during the construction phase. Contact information on how the GRM can be reached will be included on the project information billboards.

A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be formed through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between LWUA, MCWD and the Marawi City LGU to attend to grievances. All complaints received in writing (or prepared in written form, when received verbally) from the PAPs shall be properly documented until they are resolved. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC shall prepare a form to be used for the fiing of grievances/complaints. The use of form will also facilitate the filing of complaints by illiterate persons. A sample grievance registration form is in Annex D.

All complaints shall be acted upon immediately and addressed through negotiation processes to arrive at a consensus, pursuant to the procedures detailed below:

Level 1 - City Level – The GRC and PAP representatives shall meet in case a complaint is lodged. The PAP will be immediately informed if the grievance is within, or outside, the purview of the mechanism. If the scope is outside, the affected person will be referred to the proper institution and/or proper mechanism for the complaint. If the complaint is within the scope of the project, the resolution of the complaint shall be discussed during the meeting. A decision should be made within 15 calendar days after receipt of the complaint. The PAP or stakeholder will be informed in writing of the decision within two working days. If the affected person is satisfied with the resolution of the complaint, the GRC shall obtain a written confirmation of satisfaction from the affected person.

Level 2 - If the PAP is not satisfied by the city level resolution, an aggrieved PAP can appeal before the LWUA Project Management Unit (PMU). The LWUA PMU will have 10 calendar days within which to resolve the complaint. The resolution will be officially communicated in writing to the PAP within five working days from the date of the issuance of the decision. The Project’s grievance redress mechanism shall in no way impede access to the formal legal system or the courts whose decision will be final.

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7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure The public consultation was initiated by LWUA in partnership with MCWD. The consultation aims to present updates and field activities to be conducted in relation to the project. Topics discussed include the following: project description, project components, project alignment, project benefits, civil works to be undertaken, and estimated timeframe.

The public consultation was divided into three clusters. The first cluster consultation was held on the morning of July 23, 2019 which was attended by policy and decision makers such as representatives of the LGUs (city and 19 barangays), Task Force Bangon Marawi, MCWD, Office for Civil Defense, Philippine National Police/Armed Forces of the Philippines, LWUA and International Non-Government Organizations.

The second cluster consultation was also held on the afternoon of July 23, 2019 which was attended by business owners, residential customers, schools and learning institutions, health service providers, students, and traditional leaders representatives.

The third cluster consultation was held on July 24, 2019 which was attended by representatives from the women, men, youth, and senior citizens sectors. Key environmental issues and concerns raised were:

 traffic which will affect the day-to-day activities of the community; and  local job creation to help the community; and

MCWD and LWUA responded to these concerns and were considered in impact assessment and mitigation. The summary of all issued and concerns raised are presented in Table 19.

Table 19. Summary of Issues and Concerns during the Public Consultation

Issues and Concerns Response / Remarks Land Acquisition and Resettlement - Legal feasibility: not all lands are owned by the - Conduct of Stakeholders Consultation Meetings government (SCMs) this early aims to identify problems on site acquisition and whether there is a need for - Inclusion of land acquisition and resettlement land acquisition and resettlement (LAR), the full cost in the funding. cost of which will be included in the project.

- Will there be land acquisition? - Consultation with barangays and property owners would be needed if there will be privately owned properties to be affected. At this point, it is difficult to say if people will donate a piece of their properties considering the post-siege situation. But there might be some who may be willing to donate. PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

Project Administration - Conduct of Feasibility Study (FS) and - Maynilad, together with CEST Inc., will conduct engagement of a Project Supervision Consultant the FS for the Masterplan and Financial, Economic aspects were also included. - Connectivity / trans central roads – DPWH and LWUA need to coordinate. DPWH is also tapping - The project will be implemented through a design design and build contractors. Now it is only a and build contractor. On the part of LWUA, matter of time to open the bidding. Lots of individual consultants are in the process of being community participation – barangays are here so hired to supervise and monitor the works of the to hear their concerns: daanan ng tubig (pipe contractor. alignment), huhukayin (cutting/digging) – impacts of construction activities as mentioned in the - LWUA is the Implementing Agency (IA) for the safeguard policy. project. Implementation of the project based on the project timeline will commence on December - Procurement is most important; pre-construction 2019 or early January 2020 until December 2020. of the project is critical. Procurement will follow ADB procurement policy.

- Consider local job creation in the Project, such as - Local hiring will be considered in the project tapping local labor force during construction to implementation. help the community earn income. - The project is a P3.1M grant from ADB. No need - Clarification if the project is a loan or a grant from to worry about debt payments because cost will ADB. If it’s a loan, how will the mode of payment not be passed on to the consumer. be? - ADB is providing the grant for the improvement of - Marawi City was declared and is still in a state of the water supply system. Consumers pay the WD calamity, therefore the need to expedite this for the water supply services provided to them. Project should always be considered. - The project was conceptualized with MCWD and - Good that environment and social impact were with Marawi City. The LGU is well informed. considered in the assessment. Suggestions for the construction activity: - Marawi needs an expert to modernize its water - Midnight overtime work so as not to cause traffic system. - Contractors will be allowed to work on Fridays along the driveways of households - Uncertainties in the governance of the Water - Approval of a construction work schedule that will District before the siege, cost recovery, water work with the day-to-day activities of the treatment, and maintenance of the elevated water community. tank.

- Approval of the development plan by the LGU.

- Traffic slows down along road crossings whenever there is ongoing road construction. Project Technical Details - Consideration of higher elevated areas, such as - Maynilad is requested to come up with the design the old capitol, in the concept design by key for the project. ADB is checking the qualification experts from Maynilad and if it can reach the of road contractors for water pipes installation. second floor of residential or commercial establishments. - Maynilad confirmed that they considered elevated areas in their design and that water can reach - Will there be a need for a new meter? If yes, will even the second floor of their houses. it be shouldered by the consumer? - If it (meter) is still ok, there is no need to have it - Maynilad observed that there are different pipe replaced but if it is no longer functional or if there 65 | P a g e

sizes and specification currently being used by is a need to install one then it will have to be MCWD. replaced.

- Inclusion and prioritization of the Most Affected - Pipes leading to houses will be replaced but Area. those that will be laid inside houses will have to - Carrying capacity for commercial and residential be shouldered by the consumer. This should be consumers. viewed as a long-term investment.

- Inclusion and prioritization of schools in Marawi - Only defective meters need to be changed. But City for free this is also based on the consumption of water by the user; if the meters are still going to function - Identification of sponsors to help secure water well. supply connection. - On the carrying capacity, five to six members per household was used as basic assumption.

- MCWD is in the business of providing water. Schools may apply for water connection.

- A sponsor can be secured to cover the expenses for the application fee and pipe network leading to schools although this cannot be guaranteed. The monthly bills should be shouldered by the school. Community Support - The project will benefit the whole community of - ADB is positively committed to the project. Marawi City.

- Congratulated the 19 barangay captains for having their barangay prioritized for the project and commended them for actively participating in the consultation meeting.

- Thankful and grateful for the project

- Some areas in Marawi City are not connected to MCWD. Only those who can afford a pump have water supply while those who cannot opt to temporary connect to them and pay a corresponding amount

- Everyone was encouraged to fully support the project.

- The consultation is being done to hear out the 19 barangays so they were encouraged to express their concerns.

- The participants were asked not to tolerate their neighbors who are into illegal tapping.

- Illegal tappers are usually related to their neighbors, which might explain for neighbors tolerating neighbors who tap illegally.

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Water Supply Source, Operation, and Maintenance - Leaking pipes that may cause diarrhea and other - Leaking pipes will be properly repaired. MCWD water-borne diseases to the community, stressed that customers should not repair it by specifically to MCWD customers. just using rubber to stop the leakage.

- Is water still safe in Barangay Matampay? - The water district is conducting a monthly bacteriological test and so far, the results have - Passing on the operational expenses to the come out negative. consumers. - What consumers are paying for is the service - Marawi has problem with water. Residents get provided by MCWD. water from deep wells. - Acknowledged the presence of leakages but it is - Possible water shortage by 2025 something that MCWD can address.

- Water supply shortage despite the presence of - The project is for long term and it took into an abundant source of fresh water like Lake consideration the increase in population. Lanao and the Agus River - Water will be treated. The cost for this, along with - Where will the money that consumers pay go? the salary of employees and other expenses, will be covered by the payments of customers. The - Potability of water from the tap once the project is Water District is in the business of selling water. implemented. People apply, pay the application fee, and are connected. The base rate that consumers pay is spent by MCWD for the salary of its employees, for the power consumption of the pump stations, fuel, and other expenses for the daily operation of MCWD. Water is free but it is the services by MCWD that consumers pay for.

- Water will be potable. This is ideal because there will no longer be leakage. It would also be ideal if there were no illegal connections because once the pipes are perforated, it will be prone to contamination and it will no longer be potable.

8 Conclusion and Recommendation The “Marawi Siege” damaged vital physical infrastructures of the city, causing massive displacement of the population, affecting the living conditions of both the locals and the residents in nearby areas. The provision of safe and reliable water supply to majority of the constituents of Marawi City is a priority in the rehabilitation of the city.

Based on the screening for environmental impacts and risks, the environmental impacts will be temporary during construction and there are no significant negative environmental impacts and risks that cannot be mitigated. Consequently, this assessment concludes that the proposed project can be implemented in an environmentally acceptable manner. The subproject’s environmental classification as Category B is deemed appropriate. Should there be changes in the project scope and the pipe alignment that would result to significant impacts not included in this assessment, the IEE will be updated to reflect these changes.

67 | P a g e PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

The proposed project is hereby recommended for implementation with emphasis on the following: (i) EMP of the project shall be included in the design process; (ii) Contracts of design consultants shall have provisions requiring the consultants to consider EMP recommendations in the design process; (iii) Tendering process shall advocate environmentally responsible procurement by ensuring the inclusion of EMP provisions in the bidding and construction contract documents; and (iv) EMP shall be updated if there will be additional scope, and impacts, if necessary.

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References Inception Report – Maynilad and CEST Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation and Drainage Integrated Utilities within Marawi City, 2019

Initial Environmental Examination Report – DPWH Road Network Development Project in Conflict – Affected Areas in Mindanao, 2018

Resettlement and Ethnic Minority Development Plan for PHI: Emergent Assistance for the Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi City, 2019

Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009

Asian Development Bank’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003

Revised Procedural Manual for Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 30, series of 2003

Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Memorandum Circular 005-2014, Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements under the Philippine EIS System

Department of Health Administrative Order No. 0010, Series of 2017, Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water of 2017

Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 08, Series of 2016, Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016

Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 81, Series of 2000, Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Philippine Clean Air Act (RA 8749)

International Finance Corporation’s Environmental Health, and Safety Guidelines, 2007

Comprehensive Capacity Development Project for the Bagsamoro, Development Plan for the Bangsamoro Final Report, Sector Report 3: Environment, April 2016

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ANNEXES A. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist B. Environmental Compliance Certificate of DPWH Transcentral Road Project C. DPWH Letter dated 24 February 2020 D. Grievance Redress Registration Form

A. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

GENERAL Page 1 of 4

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (SDES), for endorsement by Director, SDES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Country/Project Title: Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement)

Sector Division: SEUW

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

. Cultural heritage site However, chance find procedure will be

 established . Legally protected Area (core zone or buffer zone)

 . Wetland  . Mangrove  . Estuarine  . Special area for protecting biodiversity  B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

. impairment of historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of landscape or potential loss/damage to physical cultural

resources? 

. disturbance to precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)? 

. alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by

increased soil erosion at construction site? 

GENERAL Page 2 of 4

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks . deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and

chemicals used in construction? 

. increased air pollution due to project construction and Schedule of construction must be operation? presented to barangays, subject to their approval

 Water sprinkling of areas prone to dust emission . noise and vibration due to project construction or Schedule of construction must be operation? presented to barangays, subject to their approval  Noise generating equipment will be limited during daytime and prayer time will be taken into consideration . involuntary resettlement of people? (physical displacement and/or economic displacement) 

. disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable

groups? 

. poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction Provision of sanitary facilities must be camps and work sites, and possible transmission of considered. Waste Management Plan will communicable diseases (such as STI's and HIV/AIDS) be established. from workers to local populations?

 Orientation for construction workers regarding health and safety measures, and prevention of HIV/AIDS and other diseases will be conducted . creation of temporary breeding habitats for diseases such as those transmitted by mosquitoes and rodents? 

. social conflicts if workers from other regions or Prioritization in hiring qualified locals countries are hired?  Prioritization of local contractors and providers in the goods and services needed for the project . large population influx during project construction and Prioritization in hiring qualified locals operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and  Prioritization of local contractors and sanitation systems)? providers in the goods and services needed for the project . risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health A Construction Safety and Management and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and Plan will be prepared which must address radiological hazards during project construction and  the hazards on the safety and health of operation? workers, both in the construction sites and in their camps . risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during  construction and operation?

GENERAL Page 3 of 4

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks . community safety risks due to both accidental and Barricades and steel plate covers will be natural causes, especially where the structural provided in open excavations during non- elements or components of the project are accessible to working hours. members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout  Warning signages and flashing boards will project construction, operation and decommissioning? be posted at the excavation site.

Provide lighting at open excavations at night. . generation of solid waste and/or hazardous waste? Waste Management Plan will be  established

. use of chemicals?

 . generation of wastewater during construction or Provision of sanitary facilities must be operation?  considered

GENERAL Page 4 of 4

A Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title: PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Sector : Subsector: Division/Department:

Screening Questions Score Remarks1

Location and Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to 0 Design of project be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides? Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need 0 to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea- level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc)? Materials and Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. 0 Maintenance prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and 0 related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? Performance of Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme events 0 project outputs likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time? Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2 Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High):__0__

Other Comments:______Prepared by: John Emmanuel B. Martinez, EIA Preparer

1 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs. PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

B. Environmental Compliance Certificate of DPWH Transcentral Road Project

Republic of the Philippines

April 26, 2018

ECCARMM Ref Code: 2018-0426-8-208

SHARIF MADSMO H. HASIM Project Director Roads Management Cluster II (Multilateral) DPWH Central Office Bonifacio Drive, Port Area Manila

Attention: MARK A. VILLAR Secretary, Department of Public Works and Highways

Subject : Environmental Compliance Certificate.

Dear Director Hasiin:

This refers to your Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) Application for the proposed Urgent Rehabilitation of Damaged Trans-central Roads by the Conflict in Marawi City.

After satisfying the requirements in the said application and upon recommendation of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), this Department has ,decided to grant an ECC to the above-mentioned project.

With the issuance of this ECC, you are expected to implement the measures presented in the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Checklist Report, intended to protect and mitigate the project's adverse impacts on community health, welfare and the environment. Environmental considerations shall be incorporated in all phases and aspects of the project. You may proceed with project implementation after securing all the necessary permits from other concerned government agencies. This Office will be monitoring the project periodically to ensure your compliance with stipulations cjted in the attached ECC.

Please be gui•ded accordingly.

"Matuwid na PamamahalaTungo sa ARMM na Masagana't Mapayapa" Republic of the Philippines Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE! ORC Compound, Cotabato City Telefax No. (064) 421-43-87

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE (Issued under Presidential Decree 1586) ARMM2018- 0426-8-208

TI-IlS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PROPONENT DPWH Central Office represented by Project Director SHARIF MADSMO H . HASIM is granted this ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE,, CERTIFICATE (ECC) for the proposed Urgent Rehabilitation of Damaged Trans-central Roads by the Conflict in Marawi City, by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (DENR-ARMM) through the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB).

SUBJECT ONLY to the conditions and restrictions set-out in this Certificate: PROJE~T DESCRIPTION

The proposed project is a road reconstruction and repair of pavement covering different locations and lengths. To make environmental impact assessment easy and more understandable, the study was made into five (5) packages.

Package 1 covers the existing national road linking Marawi City to Iligan City on the north and Cotabato City on the south. It starts in the area of Marantao and ends in Saguiaran on the boundary to Pantar with a total length of 12.40 km.

Package 2 covers two (2) roads: Road 2 starts in Bacong, Marantao to Datu Saber in Marawi City and Road 3 starts in Moncado Colony to Gadungan, both barangays are within Marawi City. Total length is 8.88 km.

Package 3 covers the city center of Marawi City. Road 5-Gumising Avenue (0.73 km), Road 16 - Marawi to Kapai Road (3 .36 km), Road 17 - Kilala to Tuali Road (1.21 km), Road 18 - Marawi Cadre- New capitol Road (2.15 km), Road 22 - Marawi Landing Road (0. 95 km), Road 23 - Pangarungan Road (0.70 km), Road 24 - Dimusangcop Road (0.80 km), Road 27 - Idarus Road (0 .83 km), and Road 28 - Tampilong Road (9.55 km). Total length is 13.83 km.

Package 4 covers the Mindanao State University Campus and its vicinity. It also covers portion of Marantao. Road 4 - New Marawi Diversion Road (Sagonsongan-Awar), Road 6 - Cabingan-MSU Campus Amai Pak Pak Road, Road 7 - MSU Campus-Matampay Road, Road 8 - MSU-GMA Terminal Road, Road 12 - GMA Terminal Access Road (Capitol-GMA Terminal), road 20 -Rapasan-Bayaba Road, and Road 21 - Lumidong Amai Pak Pak Avenue. Total length is 12.36 km.

Package 5 covers part of Marawi City, Saguiaran and Piagapo. Road 9 - Ernie-Sagonsongan-Linao Rantian Road, Road 10 - New Marawi Diversion Road (Sagonsongan), Road 11 - Bito-Rorogagus Road, Road 13 - MSU-Bobo Road, Road 14 - Paling-Ranti-an Road, Road 15 - Linao-Alinan Road, Road 25 - Rorogagus-Mipaga Road, and Road 26 - Bito-Rorgagus-Guimba Road. Total length is 14.28 km. This ECC is issued in compliance to the requirements of Presidential Decree No. 1586, and its implementing guidelines Department Administrative Order No. 2003-30. The EMB, DENR-ARMM, however, is not precluded from revaluating, adding, removing and correcting any deficiencies or errors that maybe found to be inconsistent with the Revised Procedural Manual of DAO 2003-30 after the issuance ofthis Certificate.

Issued at Cotabato City, Philippines this 26th day of April, 2018 . . " Recommending Approval:

Director II-EMB Approved b .

~~-~ ~ -~~-~-L Q. KEDTAG egional Secretary

1 of3 "Matuwid na PamamahalaTungo sa ARMM na Masagana't Mapayapa" Republic of the Philippines Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE~ ORC Compound, Cotabato City Telefax No. (064) 421-43-87

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE ARMM2018-0426-8-208 I. SCOPE AND COVERAGE:

1. This Certificate covers the proposed Urgent Rehabilitation of Damaged Trans-central Roads by the Conflict in Marawi City;

II. GENERAL CONDITIONS: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT and MONITORING PLAN

The proponent shall strictly implement the following guidelines and requirements:

2. That solid wastes generated during construction (e.g., PCCP, etc.) stage of the project shall be properly handled, collected and disposed of in a sanitary manner so as not to cause inconvenience or disturbance and garbage pursuant to Republic Act No. 9003, (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000);

3. That a 3' x 4' billboard containing this message: "Notice to the Public, that this Urgent Rehabilitation of Damaged Trans-central Roads by the Conflict in Marawi City has issued an Environmental Compliance Certificate with Ref. Code No. ECCARMM2017- 0426-8-208-by the DENR-ARMM on April 26, 2018". This message must be installed at both ends of the project to inform the general public within thirty (30) days from receipt of this Certificate. Picture verification of compliance to the posting of notice shall be submitted to the EMB, this Office, within ninety (90) days from receipt ?fthis ECC. III. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS: Further administrative conditions for the grant of this certificate shall be strictly complied with:

4. That the proponent must ensure that any ROW acquisition and compensation requirements are settled and completed before the start of the construction;

5. That mobilization and demobilization of heavy equipment and machinery over land and water during construction period shall be undertaken safely and properly to protect the lives and property, income and livelihood activities, access to goods and services, among others, of the project affected people. Similarly, the operation and maintenance of the construction equipment and machine shall not cause public nuisance or inconvenience due to the generation of noise, dust and smoke, vibration, among others; 6. That the proponent and/or its contractor shall employ best practices in the management of construction wastes, debris, excavation materials, toxic and hazardous substances or chemicals, domestic sewage and garbage, among others, to protect the health and safety of workers and general public and to prevent or control environmental pollution problems;

7. The proponent and/or its contractor(s) shall provide safety equipment and protective clothing in prescribed quantity, source, standards of manufacture and means of ensuring proper utilization by all workmen and staff employed. Such Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) shall include, but not be limited to, goggles and other eye protectors, hearing protectors, reflective safety vests, safety harnesses, safety equipment and protective foot wears, fire . extinguishers, first aid equipment and hard hats.

8. The proponent and/or its contractor(s) shall install traffic control equipment, signage and warning signals, in strategic locations within the work areas and vicinities;

9. The proponent and/or its contractor shall provide or install necessary soil and water management structures or implement measures to prevent or reduce the occurrence of soil erosion, flooding and inundation of roads, deposition of sediment in low-lying areas, silt mobilization into receiving bodies of water, among others;

ECCARMM20 l 8-0426-8-208 Urgent Rehabilitation of Damaged Trans-central Roads by the Conflict in Marawi City DPWH Central Office 2 of3

"Matuwid na PamamahalaTungo sa ARMM na Masagana't Mapayapa" Republic of the Philippines Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE~ ORC Compound, Cotabato City Telefax No. (064) 421-43-87

10. The proponent shall en~ure that all appropriate mitigation/enhancement measures stated in the submitted IEE Checklist Report are strictly implemented;

11 . The proponent or commissioned contractor/s shall ensure that all conditions stipulated in this Certificate shall be strictly complied with;

12. This Certificate shall be automatically revoked if the project will not be implemented within five (5) years from the date of its issuance or if the project is suspended or stopped for a period of more than two (2) years such that significant changes in land and resource use have occurred in the project area and immediate vicinities;

13 . That relevant permits from other concerned government agencies must be secured first prior to project implementation;

14. That qualified local residents of Marawi City and Lanao del Sur shall be given first priority to job opportunities during construction;

15 . That on-the-spot monitoring and inspection of the project can be initiated by the DENR ARMM to ensure that the herein ECC conditions, Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and other applicable environmental laws, rules and regulations are strictly complied with;

IV. RESTRICTIONS:

The proponent is strictly subject to the following restrictions:

16. That no other activities shall be undertaken other than what was stipulated in the IEE Checklist Report. Should there be an expansion of the project beyond the project description, construction of other structures beyond those stated in the IEE document and this ECC; or any change in the activity, shall be subject to a new Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) requirement;

17. That sand and gravel aggregates shall be purchased from legitimate quarry operators only.

Non-compliance with any of the above stipulations shall be sufficient cause for suspension or cancellation of this certificate and/or imposition of a fine in an amount not to exceed Fifty Thousand Pesos (PhP 50,000.00) for every violation thereof, or both at the discretion ofthis Office pursuant to Section 9 of PD 1586.

THIS ECC SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A PERMIT TO OPERATE; RATHER A SET OF CONDITIONALITIES/GUIDELINES WHICH SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY THE PROJECT PROPONENT IN ALL STAGES OF PROJECT IMPLEMEN NIN ORDER TO MITIGATE POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRO

Given this 26 th day of April, 2018.

,.~-~~-L Q. KEDTAG nal Secretary Recommending Approval:

~~ A:Bol:JikAru:M ~CABANTOG Director II, EMB

Filing and Processing Fee : PhP 5,000.00 O.R. No. : 01 971 18 Date ofissuance 04-2 5-201 8

ECCARMM201 8-0426-8-208 Urgent Rehabilitation of Damaged Trans-central Roads by the Confl ict in Marawi City DPWH Central Office 3 of3

"Matuwid na PamamahalaTungo sa ARMM na Masagana't Mapayapa" PHI: Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi Output 3: Restoring Water Utilities and Health Infrastructure (Water Pipe Replacement) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

C. DPWH Letter dated 24 February 2020

D. Grievance Redress Registration Form

GRIEVANCE REDRESS REGISTRATION FORM

The ______Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries, and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you.

Date Place of Registration

Contact Information/Personal Details Name Gender * Male Age * Female Home Address Place Phone no. E-mail Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where, and how) of your grievance below:

If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here: How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Registered by: (Name of Official registering grievance)

Mode of communication: Note / Letter / E-mail / Verbal / Telephone

Reviewed by: (Names/Positions of Officials Reviewing Grievance)

Action Taken:

Whether Action Taken Disclosed: Yes No Means of Disclosure: