12/24/19 12:31 PM MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS ON DRUGS ON DRUGS NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS 3 INFORMATION INFORMATION 400 1 7 0 1 7 2 ISSN 2710-7140 7 7 9 61219 NADA_AADK.indd 1

INFORMATION ON DRUGS 2018 NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan Malaysia @AADKMalaysia aadk.malaysia MrAADK (603) 8911 2200 (603) 8926 2055 www.adk.gov.my [email protected] NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY Ministry of Home Affairs, Jalan Maktab Perguruan Islam 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan INFORMATION ONON DRUGSDRUG

NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

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NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

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Table of Contents

M/S EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 02 NATIONAL DRUGS POLICY 04 INTRODUCTION TO NADA 06

PART I Summary of Drug & Substance Abusers and Addicts Situation 10 Findings on in Malaysia, 2018 Demand for Drugs Trends and Profiles of Drug Addicts, 2014–2018 18 PART II Summary of Findings on 28 Supply of Drugs

PART III Statistics A. Prevention 34 and Related B. Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Services 38 Programmes C. Enforcement and Security Services 49

D. All-Out War on Drugs 53 PART IV

Technical Notes 62

LIST OF STATISTICS TABLES PART I A. Summary Table 2.1: Number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according 11 of Findings on to state and estimated population, 2018 Demand for Drugs Table 2.2: Number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to category of drugs, 2018 15 Table 2.3: Number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to ATS breakdown 17 Table 2.4: Number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to Polydrugs and Non-Polydrugs category breakdown 17

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Trends and Table 3.1: Number of addicts detected according to status of case, 2014–2018 21 profiles of drug addicts, Table 3.2: Number of addicts detected according to gender, 2014–2018 21 2014–2018 Table 3.3: Number of addicts detected according to race, 2014–2018 21 Table 3.4: Number of addicts detected according to age category, 2014–2018 22 Table 3.5: Number of addicts detected according to level of education, 2014–2018 22 Table 3.6: Number of addicts detected according to occupation category, 2014–2018 23

Table 3.7: Number of addicts detected according to State, 2014–2018 24 Table 3.8: Number of addicts according to type of drug, 2014–2018 25 Table 3.9: Number of addicts detected according to reason for taking drugs, 2014–2018 26

PART II Summary of Table 4.1: Number of arrests under the Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA) 29 Findings on Supply 1952, 2014–2018 of Drugs Table 4.2: Seizure of Drugs and Substances under the Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA) 1952, 2014–2018 30 Table 4.3: Price of Drugs on the Black Market, 2014–2018 31 Table 4.4: Number of Cases and Value under the Dangerous Drugs (Forfeiture of Property) Act 1988, 2014–2018 32 Table 4.5: Number of Cases and Arrests Connected to the Discovery of Drug Processing Laboratories, 2014–2018 32

PART III A. Statistics Table 5.1: KPI and implementation of Focused Prevention Programmes for 2017 and 2018 34 of Prevention Programmes Table 5.2: Statistics of implementation of urine testing on secondary school students, 2016–2018 34 Table 5.3: Static Public Awareness Exhibitions (Frequency of Exhibitions), 2016–2018 34 Table 5.4: Number of Visitors at Static Public Awareness Exhibitions, 2016–2018 35 Table 5.5: Mobile Public Awareness Exhibitions (Frequency of Exhibitions), 2016–2018 35 Table 5.6: Number of Visitors at Mobile Public Awareness Exhibitions, 2016–2018 35 Table 5.7: Statistics of Dissemination of Anti-Drugs Message through Distribution Media, 2016–2018 35

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Table 5.8: Number of Visitors to Anti-Drugs Messages Disseminated on Broadcast Media for 2017 and 2018 36 Table 5.9: Achievement of Public Awareness Programmes through INFORMATION Print Media for 2017 and 2018 37 ON DRUGS B. Statistics Table 6.1: Statistics of addicts detected and under the NADA Rehabilitation Service, 2014–2018 38 of Treatment, Medical and Table 6.2: Estimated daily funding for each resident of Rehabilitation 38 Rehabilitation Centres for 2018 Services Table 6.3: Collective intake and capacity of Cure & Care Rehabilitation Centres (CCRC), 2018 39

Table 6.4: Collective intake and capacity of Cure & Care Clinics, 2018 40 Table 6.5: Number of residents and capacity of Cure & Care Vocational Centres (CCVC) 40 Table 6.6: Number of clients involved in Implementation of ISRA Module as of December 2018 40 Table 6.7: Statistics of clients on the Implementation of the Clients’ Educational Access Programme (CEAP), 2017–2018 41 Table 6.8: Number of Residential and Non-Residential clients at Cure & Care Service Centres (CCSC) 42 Table 6.9: Number of clients at Clients’ Integration Centres (CIC) for 2018 44 Table 6.10: Total attendance and programmes/services at Caring Community Houses (CCH), 2018 45 Table 6.11: Statistics of Maintaining the Recovery of Persons under Supervision (PUS), 2017 and 2018 48

C. Statistics of Table 7.1: Report of action to resolve Public Complaints according to State, 2018 49 Enforcement and Security Services Table 7.2: Number of Operations, Screenings and Positive Preliminary Screenings according to State, 2017 and 2018 50 Table 7.3: Number of Operations, Screenings and Positive Preliminary Screenings according to Anti-Drugs Border Unit, 2017 and 2018 50 Table 7.4: Actual capacity according to Lock-up/NADA Remand Centre, 2018 51 Table 7.5: Number of PUS under Rehabilitation in the Community, 2017 and 2018 52

Table 7.6: Number of Investigation Papers, 2017 and 2018 52 D. Statistics of All- Table 8.1: Number of programmes implemented according to area, 2018 53 Out War on Drugs Table 8.2: Number of Prevention and Integrated Operations according Programmes to area for 2018 54

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This publication of Information Pertaining to Drugs 2018 is a text containing four (4) main parts, a namely, summary of findings on demand for drugs, a summary of findings on supply of drugs, statistics and programmes implemented, as well as technical notes.

This book is a report of the data and information collected from various ministries/departments/ agencies and Private Drug Rehabilitation Centres (PDRC). A comprehensive database of drugs & substance abusers and addicts has been produced with the firm cooperation of all data suppliers through the National Drug and Substance Abuse Data Coordination Task Force.

Part one (1) presents information regarding the drug & substance abusers and addicts situation in Malaysia in 2018, as well as the trends and profiles of addicts detected by NADA over a period of five (5) years. A total of 130,788 individuals have been identified to be involved in drug abuse in Malaysia. It is found that out of the estimated 32.4 million population of Malaysia, there are 404 drug & substance abusers and addicts for every 100,000 individuals. The database findings show that the drug-use trend has drastically changed from traditional drugs to synthetic ones. Abuse of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS), in particular Methamphetamine, comes to 64.6 per cent, compared to Opiates and Cannabis at 31.5 per cent and 3.3 per cent respectively. The majority of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) use is among teenagers (13–18 years old) and young people (19–39 years old) at 84.9 per cent and 71.4 per cent respectively.

The number of addicts detected by NADA in 2018 has gone down by 2.5 per cent. This reduction is due to the effectiveness of the All-Out War on Drugs Programme, integrated Focused Prevention Programme, drug addict detection programme, improvement in community cooperation, increase in number of clients voluntarily seeking treatment, as well as effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation programmes.

Part two (2) contains information regarding the supply of drugs, such as the arrest of individuals and seizure of drugs under the Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA) 1952 over a period of five (5) years. The trend of drug supply on the black market shows that synthetic drugs have become dominant compared to traditional type ones. The price of Methamphetamine (Crystalline) on the black market went down by 28.6 per cent in 2018. This reduction in price was due to a glut on the black market. The success of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) in containing illegal drug processing activities is indicated by an increase in the number of cases and arrests in the discovery of illegal drug laboratories at 94.9 per cent and 61.6 per cent respectively.

Moving on, part three (3) displays tables and programmes related to prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, enforcement and security, as well as the All-Out War on Drugs Programme. The final part of this publication contains technical information or clarification on drug supply and demand input.

The statistics indicated in this publication are comprehensive. They encompass input on supply and demand of drugs, which may be used as a basis in formulating a more strategic approach in dealing with the drug problem according to the principles outlined in the National Drugs Policy 2017.

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NATIONAL DRUGS POLICY The National Drugs Policy (NDP) is a comprehensive and coordinated framework in the effort to prevent, treat and rehabilitate, enforce laws, and reduce the dangers arising from drug addiction. All drug enforcement agencies and other government agencies, including non-governmental organisations, will utilise this policy as reference and guidance in the effort to overcome the drug problem in the country. The NDP will aid the government’s efforts to achieve the goal of reducing the supply and demand of drugs in Malaysia, as well as serve as a reference in handling the drug problem scenario currently faced by the nation.

The policy is an update and improvement to the NDP 1996, and is in line with the Prime Minister’s Order No. 1 of 2004.

The NDP is constructed on three main concepts – multidiscipline, comprehensiveness and diversity.

CHRONOLOGY

1996 2004 2014 2016 2017

11th July 1996 Commencement of 10th March 2017: The first NDP was the NDP The NDP is formulated during Formulation approved by the the National Drugs Process. Cabinet. Council Meeting (NDC) 2/96. 24th October 2016: Prime Minister’s Order The Cabinet Committee No. 1 of 2004: on Drugs (CCD) agrees Formulation of the NDP to the NDP and its with the goal of implementation creating a Malaysia that through 3 action is free from all threats committees in of drugs in order to existence. assure community wellbeing and to maintain national stability and resilience.

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GOALS

TREATMENT AND ENFORCEMENT REDUCTION REHABILITATION OF HARM

PREVENTION INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION COOPERATION

To create a nation and people of Malaysia that are free from all threats of drugs in order to assure community wellbeing and maintain national stability and resilience through the following strategies:

IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES

The

BASIC LOGO & IDENTITY GUIDELINES KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA / MINISTRY OF EDUCATION Ministry of 9 Foreign Affairs Prime Minister’s Color scheme Black & white main MINISTRIES Department involved are the:

Ministry of C 100 % C 0 % M 91.82 % M 34.85 % Black : 100% Black : 30% Y 18.82 % Y 81.13 % Human K 5.99 % K 0 % Resources

Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Women, Family and Community Ministry of Dark background Ministry of Development Education Ministry of Ministry of Health Communication Youth and and Multimedia Sports Malaysia

Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) Department of Chemistry Malaysia

Malaysian Prison Department National Population and (PRIDE) Family Development Board

Royal Malaysia Border Security Malaysian Agency Customs (RMC) The

Volunteers Department Department of of Malaysia Agriculture (RELA) BASIC LOGO & IDENTITY GUIDELINES KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA / MINISTRY OF EDUCATION 15 main GOVERNMENT MalaysianColor scheme Black & white DEPARTMENTS/AGENCIES Road Transport Maritime Department Enforcement involved are: Malaysia (RTD) Agency C 100 % C 0 % M 91.82 % M 34.85 % Black : 100% Black : 30% Y 18.82 % Y 81.13 % K 5.99 % K 0 %

Department of Social Welfare

DarkMinistry background of Education – Department of Department of Education Information

Department of Higher Education

Department of Youth and Sports

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Vision DRUG-FREE MALAYSIAN INTRODUCTION COMMUNITY TO NADA Mission Since the declaration on 19th February 1983 that drugs are the MAIN AGENCY Country’s Number One Enemy, the eradication of drugs has always IN THE WAR been the government’s main agenda. Various efforts have been undertaken to reduce the supply and demand of drugs in the Country with such efforts being mobilised collaboratively between ON DRUGS government departments and agencies. Quality The declaration of drugs as the Country’s Number One Enemy was made at the time in view Objectives Policy of the problem of drug and substance abuse in the country, which it was feared would reach To prevent an individual from becoming The National Anti-Drugs Agency is epidemic proportions if strict measures were not taken to eradicate this scourge. Moreover, involved with drugs committed to delivering services the main object of drug addiction is the younger generation, who form the backbone and hope related to Treatment, Medication of the nation in future. Rampant drug addiction and trafficking have become threats to the To treat and rehabilitate drug addicts and Rehabilitation, Education and socioeconomic, spiritual and cultural wellbeing of the community, which could subsequently To prevent recurrence of addiction Prevention, as well as Enforcement weaken national resilience as well as security. and Security to clients in a more To eradicate supply, distribution efficient and effective manner in and misuse of drugs line with its Vision and Mission. In line with such efforts, the National Drugs Policy (NDP) was formulated in 2017 to become a comprehensive policy that combines approaches towards reducing supply and demand, NADA carries out continuous encompassing all principles and key areas that form the buttress in efforts to prevent, treat improvements to improve the and rehabilitate, reduce harm, holistic enforcement of relevant laws as well as international effectiveness of implementation. cooperation. The formulation of this policy is highly appropriate and in line with current developments in the drugs situation at national and global levels. The policy also in line with the transformation of services offered by the government in terms of treatment and rehabilitation of drug addiction.

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Vision DRUG-FREE MALAYSIAN COMMUNITY

Mission MAIN AGENCY IN THE WAR ON DRUGS

Quality Objectives Policy To prevent an individual from becoming The National Anti-Drugs Agency is involved with drugs committed to delivering services related to Treatment, Medication To treat and rehabilitate drug addicts and Rehabilitation, Education and To prevent recurrence of addiction Prevention, as well as Enforcement and Security to clients in a more To eradicate supply, distribution efficient and effective manner in and misuse of drugs line with its Vision and Mission.

NADA carries out continuous improvements to improve the effectiveness of implementation.

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PART I SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ON DEMAND FOR DRUGS

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A. DRUG & SUBSTANCE ABUSERS AND ADDICTS SITUATION IN MALAYSIA, 2018

Information Pertaining to Drugs 2018 is the first publication that reveals comprehensive statistics on drug & substance abuse and addiction in Malaysia. The data displayed covers arrests under Section 15 (1) of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 carried out by the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP); data of clients undergoing treatment and rehabilitation at National Anti-Drugs Agency (NADA) institutions and communities under the Drug Dependants (Treatment and Rehabilitation) Act 1983; data of patients receiving treatment for addiction at Ministry of Health facilities; and data of patients receiving treatment and rehabilitation at Private Drug Rehabilitation Centres (PDRC).

The statistics of drug & substance abusers and addicts for 2018 show a total of 149,322 cases. Of the said number, 130,788 individuals have been identified as drug & substance abusers and addicts. Whereas a total of 18,534 individuals are drug & substance abusers and addicts who have received treatment and rehabilitation more than once in 2018.

The following are the numbers of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to state and estimated population for the year 2018 (Table 2.1). Of the total of 130,788 individuals, three states recorded the highest numbers of drug & substance abusers and addicts: Pahang (12.1 per cent), Kelantan (11.4 per cent) and Selangor (11.3 per cent). Further, the ratio of drug & substance abusers and addicts to estimated population shows the states of Pahang, Perlis and Kelantan have the highest ratios at 0.95 per cent, 0.84 per cent and 0.80 per cent respectively. The position of states close to the border, such as Kelantan and Perlis, is one of the risk factors for potential exposure to negative drug & substance abuse and addiction.

In addition, population density is a factor that has an effect on the number of drug & substance abusers and addicts per total population, with the highest being in Pahang, Selangor and Kelantan. Of the estimated Malaysian population of 32.4 million, it was found that for every 100,000 inhabitants, there were 404 drug & substance abusers and addicts in 2018.

In comparison with overall data of drug addicts receiving treatment in the ASEAN region in 2017, it was found that for every 100,000 ASEAN inhabitants, there were 50.6 drug & substance abusers and addicts. Three (3) countries recorded the highest ratio of drug addicts to estimated population: Thailand (266.1 inhabitants), Cambodia (107.9 inhabitants) and Vietnam (95.2 inhabitants).1

1 Manop Kanato, Chuanpit Choomwattana, Rachanikorn Sarasiri, Poonrut Leyatikul, (Eds.). 2018. ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2017. Bangkok: ASEAN Narcotics Cooperation Center.

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Table 2.1: Number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to state and estimated population, 2018

Ratio of Number Number Number of Drug of Drug & of Drug & & Substance Substance Estimated Substance Abusers and State Abusers % Population Abusers and Addicts per and 2018 (‘000) Addicts/ 100,000 Addicts Estimated Inhabitants 2018 Population Johor 12,313 9.4% 3,742.20 0.33 329 Kedah 11,735 9.0% 2,163.70 0.54 542 Kelantan 14,871 11.4% 1,856.80 0.80 801 Melaka 4,150 3.2% 922.20 0.45 450 Negeri Sembilan 6,356 4.9% 1,130.10 0.56 562 Pahang 15,886 12.1% 1,665.70 0.95 954 Pulau Pinang 9,084 6.9% 1,766.80 0.51 514 Perak 8,300 6.3% 2,504.90 0.33 331 Perlis 2,123 1.6% 253.80 0.84 836 Selangor 14,743 11.3% 6,472.40 0.23 228 Terengganu 9,453 7.2% 1,230.40 0.77 768 Sabah* 8,571 6.6% 3,998.50 0.21 214 Sarawak 4,762 3.6% 2,792.00 0.17 171 WP Kuala Lumpur** 8,441 6.5% 1,885.60 0.45 448

Total 130,788 100.0% 32,385.10 0.40 404

Source: Royal Malaysian Police, National Anti-Drugs Agency, Ministry of Health and Private Drug Rehabilitation Centres

Note: * Including WP Labuan ** Including WP Putrajaya

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Drug & Substance Abusers and Addicts Situation, 2018

Chart 1

4.2%

Chart 1 shows the total number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to gender in 2018. In general, the majority of those involved in drug abuse are males, being 125,320 individuals or 95.8 per cent, compared to females at 5,468 individuals or 4.2 per cent. 95.8%

Female Male

Chart 2

Sarawak Indigenous 1.3%

Others 1.7% Chart 2 shows the total number of drug & substance abusers and addicts Sabah Indigenous 5.7% according to community in 2018. Records show that the majority of those Indian 6.6% involved in drug abuse are Malays (76.1 per cent) followed by Chinese (8.6 per Chinese 8.6% cent), Indians (6.6 per cent) and others

Malay 76.1% (8.7 per cent).

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000

Malay Chinese Indian Sabah Others Sarawak Indigenous Indigenous

Number of Drug & Substance Abusers 99,535 11,205 8,676 7,419 2,201 1,752 and Addicts 2018

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Chart 3 0.2% 0.01%

3.8%

Number of Drug & Substance Abusers and Addicts 2018

26.8% Young people (19–39) Middle-aged (> 40) 69.3% Teenagers (13–18) No Information Children (< 12)

The breakdown according to age category is displayed in Chart 3. The number of drug & substance abusers and addicts in the Young people category aged between 19 to 39 is very alarming, with the highest percentage being at 69.3 per cent in 2018. The Middle-aged and Teenagers categories recorded 26.7 per cent and 3.8 per cent respectively in 2018.

Chart 4 shows the total number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to Chart 4 level of education in 2018. Of the total 130,788 Number of Drug & Substance Abusers and Addicts 2018 individuals involved, records show that 35.7 per 46,685 cent of substance abusers and drug addicts had no schooling. 6.7 per cent completed primary school 35,455 education, followed by 48.6 per cent who finished secondary school education and 3.1 per cent who 28,149 went through tertiary education.

8,779 7,665

1,728 1,310 564 442 11 Degree Diploma No Schooling HSC/STP/STPM Primary School No information MCE/SPM/SPMV LCE/SRP/PMR/PT3 Master’s Degree/PhD Master’s Others (e.g. Skills Certification) (e.g. Others

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Chart 5 shows the total number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to occupation for 2018. The background to occupation indicates that 77,246 individuals or 35.6 per cent were employed, whereas 46,811 individuals or 35.7 per cent were unemployed.

Chart 5 50,000 35.8%

45,000

40,000 24.1% 35,000

30,000 17.9% 25,000

20,000 11.2%

15,000

10,000 5.2% 4.8% 5,000 0.7% 0.4% 0 0.02%

Casual/ Private Self- No Civil Part-time Unemployed Labourer Sector Employed Profession Servant Student Retiree work Number of Drug 46,811 31,498 23,433 14,602 6,752 6,227 961 481 23 & Substance Abusers and Addicts 2018

Note: No profession refers to persons who are not capable of working, housewives and those declaring no information as to occupation.

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Drug & Substance Abusers and Addicts Situation, 2018

Table 2.2: Number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to category of drugs, 2018

Number of Drug & Drug Category Substance Abusers and % Addicts 2018 Opiates 41,323 31.5% Amphetamine-Type Stimulants 84,439 64.6% Cannabis 4,327 3.3% Psychotropic Pills 75 0.1% Opium 14 0.01% Others (e.g. Kratom, Cocaine, Ketamine, Depressants, 610 0.5% Dissociative Drugs, Hallucinogens, Inhalants, etc.)

Total 130, 788 100 Note: Opiates: Heroin, Morphine, Codeine & Methadone Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: i) Methamphetamine crystalline (Syabu, Ice, Batu) ii) Methamphetamine tablets (Kuda, YABA, YAMA and Bomb Pills) iii) Ecstasy iv) Amphetamine

Cannabis: Cannabis, Hashish & Marijuana Psychotropic Pills: Benzodiazepine, Psychotropic Pill, NH CDE3 -5, APO 5 and Dormicum Others: Kratom, Cocaine, Ketamine, Depressants, Dissociative Drugs, Hallucinogens, Inhalants, etc.

Table 2.2 shows the number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to category of drugs in 2018. Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) recorded the highest consumption of drugs amounting to 64.6 per cent. Whereas the Opiates and Cannabis categories recorded 31.5 per cent and 3.3 per cent respectively. The trend of drug use in 2018 was synthetic-type drugs. This change in trend was parallel to the trend in the ASEAN region where more than 50 per cent of addicts obtaining treatment were using ATS2 type drugs.

2 Ibid, p. 6

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Drug & Substance Abusers and Addicts Situation, 2018 Chart 6

Psychotropic Pills 0.1%

Opiates 24.6%

Others 0.5% Cannabis YOUNG 3.4% PEOPLE Amphetamine-Type Opium Stimulants 0.01% 71.4%

Chart 6 shows the trend of drug being abuse according

Psychotropic Pills to age category in 2018. 0.04% Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) recorded the highest amount of use amongst teenagers (13–18) and young people (19–39), at 84.9 per cent Amphetamine-Type Opiates Stimulants and 71.4 per cent respectively. 52.7% MIDLE-AGED 44.4% The highest use of Opiates was among middle-aged (40 and above) at 52.7 per cent.

Others Cannabis Opium 0.2% 2.6% 0.03%

Opiates Psychotropic Pills Others 7.4% 0.1% 1.2% Cannabis 6.5%

Amphetamine-Type Stimulants TEENAGERS 84.9%

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Table 2.3: Number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to ATS breakdown

Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Number of Drug & Substance % (ATS) Abusers and Addicts Methamphetamine crystalline (Syabu, Ice, Batu) 66,202 78.4% Amphetamine 12,562 14.9% Methamphetamine tablets (Kuda, YABA, YAMA 5,555 6.6% & Bomb Pills) Ecstasy 120 0.1%

Total 84,439 100

Table 2.3 shows data for drug & substance abusers and addicts according to breakdown of ATS drugs. Methamphetamine crystalline is the drug most used at 78.4%, followed by Amphetamine (14.9%) and Methamphetamine tablets (6.6%).

Drug & Substance Abusers and Addicts Situation, 2018

Table 2.4: Number of drug & substance abusers and addicts according to Polydrugs and Non-Polydrugs category breakdown

Category Male Female Total % Polydrugs 8,393 448 8,841 6.8% Non-Polydrugs 116,927 5,020 121,947 93.2%

Total 125,320 5,468 130,788 100

Table 2.4 shows data for drug & substance abusers and addicts according to Polydrugs and Non-Polydrugs categories. The polydrugs category consists of drug & substance abusers and addicts who use more than one type of drugs at any one time. Records shows that 93.2 per cent are non-polydrug users with the remaining 6.8 per cent being polydrugs abusers and addicts. Of the 8,841 polydrugs abusers and addicts, 95.9 per cent use two (2) types of drugs, 4.1 per cent use three (3) or more types of drugs.

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B. TRENDS AND PROFILES OF DRUG ADDICTS, 2014–2018

Tables 3.1 to 3.10 show the trends and profiles over a period of five (5) years of drug addicts under treatment and rehabilitation programme through the National Anti-Drugs Agency.

Based on comparison of statistics for 2017 and 2018, cases and numbers of addicts detected by the NADA have gone down by 5.3 per cent and 2.5 per cent (Table 3.1) respectively. This reduction has been due to the following factors:

1) Effectiveness of the All-Out War on Drugs (AWOD) Programmes

One of the factors for this reduction is the effectiveness of the All-Out War on Drugs (AWOD) programmes carried out since 2016. In 2018, the AWOD programme was expanded to 178 high-risk areas nationwide. Six (6) strategies were carried out collaboratively with government and private agencies, as well as NGOs such as the Community Empowerment (CE), Omnipresence, Ops Cegah, Ops Bersepadu, Ikon Antidadah and Media campaigns. The total number of programmes carried out in 178 AWOD areas in 2018 was 53,348. AWOD programmes in 64 areas implemented in 2018 rose by 12.0 per cent 3 compared to 2017.

2) Integrated Focused Prevention Programmes

Focused prevention programmes were also implemented in an integrated manner in AWOD areas. This was the second factor contributing to the reduction in number of addicts in 2018. The focused prevention programmes encompassed educating families, the community, educational institutions, the work place, public awareness and volunteerism. The number of focused prevention programmes carried out in 2018 increased by 5.8 per cent compared to 2017 (refer to Table 5.1). This was supported by a 20.8 per cent reduction in positive urine tests in secondary school students in 2018 compared to 2017. This shows indirectly that the prevention programmes conducted in high-risk areas have had a positive impact.

3) Effectiveness of the Drug Addict Detection Programmes

Drug addict detection programmes were vigorously implemented in 2018. This was indicated by the increase in number of operations executed, which were up by 20.2 per cent or 6,528 operations compared to 5,431 carried out in 2017. Moreover, positive urine tests showed a reduction of 33.1 per cent (Table 7.2). This shows that the cases and number of addicts detected have gone down within the said period in line with operations being intensified nationwide.

In addition, the authorities have successfully cleared up drug addiction ‘ports’ in identified high-risk areas. Following the implementation of these operations, the locations of drug abuser activities have moved to residential areas, privately-owned properties and guesthouses,

3 Refer to Table 8.1. The number of AWOD programmes carried out according to area in 2017 was 18,435.

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especially in urban areas. As such, the number of drug addicts detected have gone down as the number of arrests at addict ‘ports’ have declined greatly.

4) Increase in Community Cooperation

Boosting the community through the implementation of Community Empowerment, especially in the 178 high-risk areas, also contributed to the reduction in number of drug addicts detected in 2018. NADA carried out 97 Training of Trainers (ToT) programmes involving 5,525 participants comprising volunteers, community leaders, members of mosque committees, heads of religion and youth leaders. The content of such programmes is to make participants aware of the effects and dangers of drugs, provide knowledge of assessment of risk areas and enhance awareness of their functions and roles in eradicating drugs in their respective areas. These programmes have seen positive results whereby communities have taken action in combatting drug problems in their areas through the channeling of complaints to the relevant authorities. The number of complaints received by NADA in 2018 rose by 5.8 per cent, or 8,909 complaints (Table 7.1), compared to the previous year. A caring community will help reduce drug related problems in its environment.

5) Increase in Voluntary Clients

The reduction in numbers of addicts detected in 2018 stemmed from an increase in clients voluntarily seeking treatment and rehabilitation. Table 7.5 shows a total of 5,110 Persons Under Supervision (PUS) who volunteered to undergo treatment in 2018, compared to 4,742 PUS in 2017, an increase of 7.8 per cent.

6) Effectiveness of Treatment and Rehabilitation Programmes

Table 3.1 shows the statistics for recurring addicts (per individual) reduced by 10.3 per cent, in comparison between 2017 and 2018. This indicates the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation programmes. Drug addicts who completed treatment and rehabilitation generally remained drug-free throughout 2018. However, statistics for relapse addicts (per case) showed an increase of 4.2 per cent. This is due to detected addicts sliding back into their addiction habit within the same period.

Relapse is a recovery process. 4 Recovery from drug addiction is a lifelong process. Relapses that occur are not failures but significant milestones to check and rebuild an ex-addict’s resilience. Other matters that must be examined are the ratio between Rehabilitation Officers and Clients, which must be balanced and in line with international best practice standards, as well as an increase in training and skills for rehabilitation officers and service providers.

4 National Institute on Drug Abuse, Drugs, Brains and Behaviour: The Science of Addiction, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/ drugs-brains-behaviour-science-addiction/treatment-recovery, retrieved 15th August 2019.

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In conclusion, the use of a balanced approach between supply and demand approaches has significantly contributed towards the reduction in cases of addicts detected throughout 2018. The same trend may be seen in countries such as Cambodia, the Philippines and Singapore, which have managed to reduce the number of addicts detected through implementation of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation programmes, as well as vigorous and balanced enforcement. 5

5 Manop Kanato, Chuanpit Choomwattana, Rachanikorn Sarasiri, Poonrut Leyatikul, (Eds.) 2018. ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2017. Bangkok: ASEAN Narcotics Cooperation Center.

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Table 3.1: Number of addicts detected according to status of case, 2014–2018

Status of Case/Year Case/Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Per Case 13,605 20,289 22,923 18,440 17,474 New Case Per Individual 11,712 17,947 22,814 18,112 17,315 Per Case 8,172 6,379 7,921 7,482 7,793 Relapse Case Per Individual 9,863 7,643 4,648 3,242 2,908

Per Case 21,777 26,668 30,844 25,922 25,267 Total Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,354 20,223

Table 3.2: Number of addicts detected according to gender, 2014–2018

Gender/Year Case/Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Male Per Case 21,078 25,655 29,660 24,926 24,314 Per Individual 20,878 24,599 26,396 20,464 19,392 Female Per Case 699 1,013 1,184 996 953 Per Individual 697 991 1,066 890 831

Per Case 21,777 26,668 30,844 25,922 25,267 Total Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,354 20,223

Table 3.3: Number of addicts detected according to race, 2014–2018

Community/Year Case/Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Malay Per Case 17,122 21,335 24,901 20,956 20,671 Per Individual 16,940 20,515 22,340 17,405 16,497 Chinese Per Case 1,828 2,117 2,182 1,947 1,480 Per Individual 1,809 1,987 1,826 1,475 1,148 Indian Per Case 1,657 2,113 2,428 1,760 1,602 Per Individual 1,660 2,002 2,010 1,260 1,159 Sabah Indigenous Per Case 842 774 977 999 1,087 Per Individual 839 766 948 975 1,038 Sarawak Indigenous Per Case 180 148 154 113 223 Per Individual 179 148 154 111 202 Others* Per Case 148 181 202 147 204 Per Individual 148 172 184 128 179

Per Case 21,777 26,668 30,844 25,922 25,267 Total Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,354 20,223

Source: National Anti-Drugs Agency * Refers to Sikh, Thai, Eurasian and Aboriginal People

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Table 3.4: Number of addicts detected according to age category, 2014–2018

Age Category/Year Case/Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Teenagers (13–18) Per Case 622 717 826 694 550 Per Individual 615 713 810 683 541 Young People (19–39) Per Case 15,692 19,578 22,709 18,823 18,417 Per Individual 15,540 18,799 20,335 15,812 15,131 Middle-Aged (≥40) Per Case 5,463 6,373 7,309 6,405 6,300 Per Individual 5,420 6,078 6,317 4,859 4,551

Per Case 21,777 26,668 30,844 25,922 25,267 Total Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,354 20,223

Table 3.5: Number of addicts detected according to level of education, 2014–2018

Level of Education/Year Case/Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 No Schooling Per Case 1,909 2,681 3,351 3,751 4,044 Per Individual 1,784 2,441 2,992 3,293 3,563 Primary School Per Case 2,694 2,862 2,898 2,370 2,118 Per Individual 2,707 2,773 2,529 1,848 1,588 LCE/SRP/PMR Per Case 8,662 10,326 11,730 9,082 8,451 Per Individual 8,570 9,911 10,297 7,192 6,459 MCE/SPM/SPMV Per Case 7,502 9,445 11,314 9,311 9,114 Per Individual 7,520 9,156 10,189 7,760 7,283 HSC/STP/STPM Per Case 188 171 218 166 166 Per Individual 184 158 205 135 132 Diploma Per Case 290 453 506 473 540 Per Individual 289 449 475 439 479 Degree/Masters/PhD Per Case 44 77 96 113 114 Per Individual 43 77 92 106 103 Others (such as Skills Per Case 488 653 731 656 720 Certification)* Per Individual 478 625 683 581 616

Per Case 21,777 26,668 30,844 25,922 25,267 Total Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,354 20,223

Source: National Anti-Drugs Agency

*Including Matriculation, Non-MLVK Basic Skills Certificate, Non-MLVK Advanced Skills Certificate, Non-Technical Skills Certificate, MLVK Skills Certificate and other related skills certificate.

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Table 3.6: Number of addicts detected according to occupation category, 2014–2018

Occupation Category/Year Case/Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Construction Per Case 606 531 453 297 303 Per Individual 540 483 437 263 261 General Labourer Per Case 4,805 5,086 5,232 5,416 5,621 Per Individual 4,594 4,924 5,025 4,726 4,489 Entertainment Per Case 37 48 27 41 19 Per Individual 37 45 23 39 19 Sales Per Case 1,837 2,061 2,101 1,708 1,607 Per Individual 1,657 1,908 2,034 1,542 1,392 Unemployed Per Case 2,746 3,911 4,533 4,125 3,650 Per Individual 2,688 3,713 4,345 3,547 2,986 Transportation Per Case 1,144 1,245 1,230 950 940 Per Individual 1,066 1,185 1,182 854 796 Management* Per Case 179 199 215 247 207 Per Individual 166 192 211 234 197 Student Per Case 197 269 298 281 186 Per Individual 179 260 295 274 184 Clerical Per Case 51 52 66 66 58 Per Individual 48 47 64 64 55 Service Per Case 2,460 2,348 2,299 1,744 1,822 Per Individual 2,219 2,190 2,210 1,574 1,595 Manufacturing Per Case 502 522 576 465 421 Per Individual 468 475 563 432 378 Agriculture/Fishery Per Case 1,814 1,969 1,857 1,443 1,457 Per Individual 1,633 1,856 1,794 1,242 1,197 Casual/Part-Time Per Case 4,155 7,117 10,643 8,173 8,086 Per Individual 5,152 7,079 8,011 5,676 5,890 Technical Per Case 1,244 1,310 1,314 966 890 Per Individual 1,128 1,233 1,268 885 784

Total Per Case 21,777 26,668 30,844 25,922 25,267 Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,352 20,223

Source: National Anti-Drugs Agency

*Including civil servants

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Table 3.7: Number of addicts detected according to State, 2014–2018

State/Year Case/ Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Johor Per Case 1,992 2,541 2,565 2,108 2,352 Per Individual 1,999 2,470 2,403 1,901 2,085 Kedah Per Case 2,535 2,945 3,862 2,655 2,693 Per Individual 2,559 2,893 3,641 2,343 2,155 Kelantan Per Case 1,399 1,994 3,233 3,700 4,153 Per Individual 1,384 1,944 2,860 3,179 3,336 Melaka Per Case 845 944 930 613 736 Per Individual 828 936 876 527 582 Negeri Sembilan Per Case 951 1,050 1,172 1,012 1,374 Per Individual 937 1,038 1,123 847 1,128 Pahang Per Case 1,903 2,066 2,419 2,088 1,749 Per Individual 1,865 1,985 2,119 1,712 1,420 Perak Per Case 2,716 3,106 2,639 1,557 1,820 Per Individual 2,716 3,058 2,439 1,323 1,466 Perlis Per Case 499 781 692 654 582 Per Individual 470 694 596 489 405 Pulau Pinang Per Case 2,780 4,280 5,081 3,844 2,303 Per Individual 2,715 3,784 3,549 2,077 1,043 Sabah Per Case 940 898 1,044 1,047 1,200 Per Individual 939 891 1,025 1,008 1,147 Sarawak Per Case 854 658 534 440 693 Per Individual 845 639 515 419 630 Selangor Per Case 2,051 2,987 3,176 2,375 2,228 Per Individual 2,054 2,907 3,015 2,159 1,940 Terengganu Per Case 579 1,022 1,676 2,044 2,057 Per Individual 576 1,006 1,629 1,845 1,766 WP Kuala Lumpur Per Case 1,698 1,328 1,695 1,655 1,223 Per Individual 1,653 1,282 1,548 1,395 1,021 WP Labuan Per Case 19 36 79 92 72 Per Individual 19 35 78 92 70 WP Putrajaya Per Case 16 32 47 38 32 Per Individual 16 28 46 38 29

Total Per Case 21,777 26,668 30,844 25,922 25,267 Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,354 20,223 Source: National Anti-Drugs Agency

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Table 3.8: Number of addicts according to type of drug, 2014–2018

Type of Drug/Year Case/Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Opiates* Per Case 14,502 16,616 16,985 10,154 7,746 Per Individual 13,959 15,288 14,579 7,580 5,773 Methamphetamine Per Case 4,117 8,133 10,107 10,419 11,531 (crystalline) Per Individual 4,124 7,457 8,624 8,392 8,698 Methamphetamine Per Case 1,919 1,389 1,236 1,066 4,853 (tablets) Per Individual 1,221 861 2,310 3,697 3,822 Cannabis Per Case 1,239 674 2,631 4,366 1,122 Per Individual 1,762 1,354 1,192 974 944 ATS** Per Case 535 635 764 764 1,152 Per Individual 478 604 726 695 954 Others **** Per Case 8 7 18 9 19 Per Individual 24 19 19 11 17 Psychotropic Pills*** Per Case 35 25 23 13 26 Per Individual 7 7 12 5 15

Total Per Case 22,355 27,479 31,764 26,791 26,449 Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,354 20,223

Source: National Anti-Drugs Agency Note: I. *Refers to Heroin and Morphine II. **Refers to Ecstasy and Amphetamines III. Cannabis: Cannabis, Hashish and Marijuana IV. Methamphetamine (crystalline): Syabu, Ice and Batu V. Methamphetamine (tablets): Kuda, YABA, YAMA and Bomb Pills VI. ***Including Benzodiazepine, Psychotropic Pills and Erimin-5 VII. ***Including Kratom leaves, Depressants, Dissociative drugs, Hallucinogens, Inhalants, etc. VIII. Data on drugs used is not necessarily equal to the total number of addicts, as some addicts use more than one type of drug. IX. Per Case Data refers to an addict committing one or more offence in the current year. Per Individual Data refers to the data of an addict taken into account only once in a specific period.

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Table 3.9: Number of addicts detected according to reason for taking drugs, 2014–2018

Reason for Taking Drugs/ Case/Individual 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 INFORMATION Year ON DRUGS Influence of Friends Per Case 13,466 16,943 17,990 16,209 14,459 Per Individual 13,189 15,844 15,634 13,134 11,324 Curiosity Per Case 3,221 4,523 5,618 4,813 5,009 Per Individual 3,137 4,056 4,626 3,656 3,720 Pleasure Per Case 2,270 2,550 3,944 3,323 3,286 Per Individual 2,215 2,529 3,400 2,495 2,510 Mental Stress Per Case 1,986 1,572 1,910 1,214 1,953 Per Individual 1,725 1,462 1,727 1,043 1,428 Others* Per Case 752 1,059 1,442 840 1,187 Per Individual 719 957 1,284 690 878 Pain Relief/Stamina Per Case 461 617 698 345 462 Per Individual 421 557 640 297 295 Stimulation Per Case 174 206 145 39 84 Per Individual 144 176 134 33 61 Inadvertent Use Per Case 25 9 17 8 9 Per Individual 25 9 17 6 7

Total Per Case 22,355 27,479 31,764 26,791 26,449 Per Individual 21,575 25,590 27,462 21,354 20,223

Source: National Anti-Drugs Agency Note: I. *This category includes for aggressiveness, reason of job, amusement, lack of religious education, financial problems, for slimming, being subject to abuse, medicinal, emotional longing, sex, deceived due to lack of knowledge about the danger of drugs, for studies, etc. II. Per Case Data refers to an addict committing one or more offences in the current year. Per Individual Data refers to the data of an addict taken into account only once within a specific period.

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INFORMATION ON DRUGS

PART II SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ON SUPPLY OF DRUGS

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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ON SUPPLY OF DRUGS

The government views the problem of drug trafficking in the country very seriously as it indirectly poses a threat to the Nation’s social and economic development. One of the challenges faced is due to the fact the Malaysia is close to the Golden Triangle of Thailand, Laos and Myanmar. The Golden Triangle is a key area for the planting, manufacturing and trafficking of drugs in the world.6 Table 4.1 shows data of arrests for various offences under the Dangerous Drugs Act, 1952, which has gone down by 0.45 per cent or 157,677 individuals compared to 2017 (158,386 individuals).

Based on the latest developments, Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) such as Methamphetamine are the most in demand and their price is low on the black market. Table 4.2 displays records of seizures for Methamphetamine (crystalline) in 2018, which has increased by more than 100 per cent compared to 2017. Supply of traditional drugs such as cannabis has dropped by 30.0 per cent, whereas the supply for heroin has increased at a minimum rate of 21.3 per cent.

Based on Table 4.3, the black market price for Methamphetamine (crystalline) has gone down by 28.6 per cent from RM70,000 per kg in 2017 to RM50,000 per kg in 2018. The reduction in price of Methamphetamine (crystalline) signifies a glut on the black market.

Table 4.4 displays the total value of property seized under the Dangerous Drugs (Forfeiture of Property) Act 1988, which shows a reduction from RM113.723 million in 2017 to RM90.056 million in 2018 (–20.81%). However, the value of property successfully forfeited increased from RM7.026 million in 2017 to RM20.649 million in 2018 (+193%). Table 4.5 shows the number of cases and arrests connected to drug processing laboratories that were uncovered over a period of 5 years. Comparisons between 2017 and 2018 show an increase in the number of cases and arrests connected to drug laboratories discovered at 94.4 per cent and 61.6 per cent respectively.

Based on Tables 4.4 and 4.5, it is indicated that the Country’s enforcement agencies have been relatively successful in restricting drug processing and trafficking activities in the country and abroad.

6 Ibid, p. 7

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Table 4.1: Number of arrests under the Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA) 1952, 2014–2018

Section/Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Section 39B DDA 1952 (Trafficking) 4,923 5,354 5,771 6,759 6,884 Section 39A (2) DDA 1952 (Major 3,259 3,455 3,706 4,140 3,997 Possession) Section 39A (1) DDA 1952 (Minor 8,023 9,625 11,721 13,583 14,691 Possession) Other Sections under DDA 1952 34,172 38,299 47,002 52,979 56,640 [Section 6 / Section 6B / Section 9 / Section 12(2)] Section 15(1)(a) DDA 1952 – self- 81,435 84,205 85,004 80,925 75,465 administration

Total 131,812 140,938 153,204 158,386 157,677

Source: Royal Malaysian Police, Royal Malaysian Customs & Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency

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Table 4.2: Seizure of Drugs and Substances under the Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA) 1952, 2014–2018

Drugs and Unit of 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Substances Measurement CANNABIS Marijuana (Herb) kg 579.11 1,844.20 2,945.46 2,696.27 1,894.76 Cannabis plant 72 52 23 75 11

OPIATES (ILLICIT OPIOIDS) Heroin kg 453.79 742.84 440.18 603.07 731.49 Opium (Raw & kg 0.13 0.10 0.67 0.11 0.20 Cooked) Codeine Litre 1,584.48 3,169 5,616.00 10,216.33 37,263.85

COCAINE Salt (Cocaine HCI, kg 1.67 18.02 253.08 23.00 12.05 Powdered Cocaine) Crack kg 33.40 - - - -

AMPHETAMINE-TYPE STIMULANTS Methamphetamine kg 1,212.67 1,138.45 718.48 1,553.25 6,851.79 (crystal) Ecstasy Tablet 117,702 407,530 200,763 329,594 - kg 53.70 - - 430.56 381.33 Methamphetamine Tablet 557,335 538,176 895,499 908,015 - (pills) kg 0.52 4.35 - - 226.12 Methamphetamine kg 41.76 260 429.00 460.07 269.89 (liquid)

SEDATIVES AND TRANQUILLISERS Diverted/Counterfeit Tablet 467,133 2,018,960 1,891,852 - - Prescription Drugs Containing Benzodiazepines* Erimin-5 Tablet - - - 4,430 - kg - - - - 912.38 Benzodiazepines Tablet - - 1,879,942 2,752,122 -

Source: (i) Royal Malaysian Police, Royal Malaysian Customs & Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (ii) *For 2014 to 2016, data is included from the Pharmaceutical Enforcement Division, Ministry of Health

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Table 4.2: Seizure of Drugs and Substances under the Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA) 1952, 2014–2018

Drugs and Unit of 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Substances Measurement SEDATIVES AND TRANQUILLISERS Psychotropic Tablet 1,055,749 39,013 164,148 13,944 - Pills* kg 0.06 - - - 0.82

DRUGS UNDER NATIONAL BUT NOT INTERNATIONAL CONTROL Ketamine kg 242.01 50.99 380.04 506.36 704.20 Kratom (Leaves) kg - 28,961.44 124,717.89 81,028.57 87,564.84 Kratom (Liquid) Litre - 68,675 274,421 89,060.08 233,525.90 Khat Leaves kg - - 310.47 0.41 33.77

Source: (i) Royal Malaysian Police, Royal Malaysian Customs & Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (ii) *For 2014 to 2016, data is included from the Pharmaceutical Enforcement Division, Ministry of Health

Table 4.3: Price of Drugs on the Black Market, 2014–2018

Drug/Substance 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Cannabis 3,000.00 2,600.00 2,000.00 3,000.00 2,400.00 Heroin 30,000.00 19,600.00 15,600.00 17,000.00 11,000.00 Opium 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 Cocaine (Powder) 200,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 Kratom (Leaves) 35.00 26.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 Kratom (Liquid) 5.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 15.00 Methamphetamine 190,000.00 117,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 50,000.00 (Crystalline) Methamphetamine (Tablets) 40.00 22.00 12.00 10.00 20.00 Ecstasy 60.00 46.00 35.00 30.00 30.00 Ketamine 35,000.00 20,000.00 45,000.00 45,000.00 53,000.00 Benzodiazepines 20.00 20.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 Codeine 150.00 480.00 150.00 150.00 130.00

Source: (i) Royal Malaysian Police (ii) The prices displayed refer to the black market price in the fourth quarter of each respective year

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Table 4.4: Number of Cases and Value under the Dangerous Drugs (Forfeiture of Property) Act 1988, 2014–2018 INFORMATION ON DRUGS Year Number of Cases Value of Property Seized Value of Property Forfeited (RM) (RM) 2014 3,871 67,594,035.37 10,493,841.23 2015 3,980 73,398,482.08 10,168,042.93 2016 4,388 99,388,103.78 15,132,020.24 2017 5,059 113,723,063.66 7,026,984.21 2018 4,961 90,055,516.16 20,649,209.82

Source: Royal Malaysian Police

Table 4.5: Number of Cases and Arrests Connected to the Discovery of Drug Processing Laboratories, 2014–2018

Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Cases 26 38 26 18 35 Arrests 95 127 130 73 118

Source: Royal Malaysian Police

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INFORMATION ON DRUGS

PART III STATISTICS AND RELATED PROGRAMMES

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A. STATISTICS OF PREVENTION PROGRAMMES

Table 5.1: KPI and implementation of Focused Prevention Programmes for 2017 and 2018

DIFFERENCE 2017 2018 PROGRAMME (2017–2018) KPI IMPLEMENTATION % KPI IMPLEMENTATION % KPI IMPLEMENTATION FOA 215 232 108 316 316 100 101 208 SMART CAMP 115 119 103 113 113 100 -2 10 SHIELDS CAMP 178 192 108 167 167 100 -11 59 TOMORROW’S 195 216 111 220 220 100 25 109 LEADERS PUBLIC SECTOR 292 546 187 443 443 100 151 256 RESOLVE PRIVATE SECTOR 214 248 116 226 226 100 12 110 RESOLVE

AGRONOMICAL 98 141 144 279 279 100 181 135 SECTOR RESOLVE SMART CAMP 97 101 104 107 107 100 10 3 MUTUAL 140 203 145 0 257 - -140 112 ATTACHMENT

TOTAL 1,558 2,011 129 1,871 2,128

Table 5.2: Statistics of implementation of urine testing on secondary school students, 2016–2018

NUMBER OF TOTAL URINE AMPHETA- METHAM- YEAR POSITIVE OPIATES CANNABIS OTHERS PROGRAMMES TESTED MINES PHETAMIN 2016 1,395 35,522 1,411 33 350 131 968 3 2017 1,760 36,876 1,750 60 390 53 1,291 14 2018 1,611 35,167 1,386 93 360 15 922 29

Table 5.3: Static Public Awareness Exhibitions (Frequency of Exhibitions), 2016–2018

FREQUENCY OF EXHIBITIONS YEAR PRIMARY SECONDARY INSTITUTION OF PUBLIC WORKPLACE TOTAL SCHOOL SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION PLACE 2016 1,336 889 291 283 1,505 4,304 2017 1,560 1,120 379 459 1,794 5,103 2018 1,414 1,010 316 764 1,436 4,940

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Table 5.4: Number of Visitors at Static Public Awareness Exhibitions, 2016–2018

FREQUENCY OF EXHIBITIONS YEAR PRIMARY SECONDARY INSTITUTION OF PUBLIC WORKPLACE TOTAL SCHOOL SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION PLACE 2016 365,427 328,460 70,947 41,029 653,638 1,444,816 2017 413,777 413,058 121,698 71,124 779,634 1,805,858 2018 418,230 422,115 82,687 68,114 604,451 1,595,597

Table 5.5: Mobile Public Awareness Exhibitions (Frequency of Exhibitions), 2016–2018

FREQUENCY OF EXHIBITIONS YEAR PRIMARY SECONDARY INSTITUTION OF PUBLIC WORKPLACE TOTAL SCHOOL SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION PLACE 2016 93 74 67 4 41 279 2017 66 54 12 9 45 165 2018 28 19 2 3 32 84

Table 5.6: Number of Visitors at Mobile Public Awareness Exhibitions, 2016–2018

NUMBER OF VISITORS YEAR PRIMARY SECONDARY INSTITUTION OF PUBLIC WORKPLACE TOTAL SCHOOL SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION PLACE 2016 32,946 39,100 7,813 737 27,280 107,876 2017 43,790 34,700 6,660 5,060 29,510 119,220 2018 23,187 17,317 1,285 1,420 23,767 66,976

Table 5.7: Statistics of Dissemination of Anti-Drugs Messages through Distribution Media, 2016–2018

YEAR RADIO TELEVISION 2016 101 22 2017 134 32 2018 109 12

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Table 5.8: Number of Visitors to Anti-Drugs Messages Disseminated on Broadcast Media for 2017 and 2018

NUMBER OF VISITORS No. MEDIUM 2017 2018 1 NADA Facebook 31,945 2,705,209 2 Prevention Division Facebook 16,097 17,637 3 NADA Twitter 138,892 142,601 4 NADA Squad Twitter 22,089 179,756 5 Instagram 536 630 6 Blog 228,502 210,934 7 Prevention Interactive Web 607,706 662,162 8 wecareweserve.org 310,345 314,479 9 YouTube 713,830 2,288

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Table 5.9: Achievement of Public Awareness Programmes through Print Media for 2017 and 2018

FREQUENCY OF NEWS/SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLICATION STATE YEAR OTHER READING NEWSPAPER POSTER BUNTING TOTAL MATERIAL 2017 38 8 12 358 416 PERLIS 2018 25 0 16 209 250 2017 28 138 10 2,092 2,268 KEDAH 2018 29 98 1,963 13,700 15,790 2017 11 0 0 5,089 5,100 PULAU PINANG 2018 4 5 500 7,765 8,023 2017 27 40 0 1,980 2,047 PERAK 2018 6 20 4 964 996 2017 12 0 0 720 732 SELANGOR 2018 27 10 100 201 338 2017 0 391 62 955 1,408 WP KUALA LUMPUR 2018 5 140 38 1,700 1,883 2017 10 30 16 349 405 NEGERI SEMBILAN 2018 6 22 7 100 135 2017 50 0 2 0 52 MELAKA 2018 26 0 0 0 26 2017 66 257 593 2,136 3,052 JOHOR 2018 567 247 124 2,410 3,348 2017 15 155 21 725 916 PAHANG 2018 1 165 35 740 921 2017 40 55 33 48 176 KELANTAN 2018 187 0 5 1,264 1,456 2017 26 499 417 3,078 4,224 TERENGGANU 2018 24 1,306 28 1,627 2,985 2017 39 29 21 7,413 7,502 SABAH 2018 73 3 4 3,606 3,686 2017 36 0 0 0 36 SARAWAK 2018 9 2 8 26 36

TOTAL 1,387 3,620 4,019 59,255 68,207

Source: National Anti-Drugs Agency

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B. STATISTICS OF TREATMENT, MEDICAL AND REHABILITATION SERVICES

Table 6.1: Statistics of addicts detected and under the NADA Rehabilitation service, 2014–2018

YEAR Rehabilitation Service in Institutions Rehabilitation Service in the Community 2014 5,301 42,228 2015 6,406 46,139 2016 8,032 52,386 2017 6,748 64,559 2018 5,478 54,251

Note: Data on addicts receiving rehabilitation services in institutions refers to addicts in the current year ordered by the court pursuant to Section 6(1)(a) of the Drug Dependants (Treatment and Rehabilitation) Act 1983 and Section 8(3)(a) of the Drug Dependants (Treatment and Rehabilitation) Act 1983.

Table 6.2: Estimated daily funding for each resident of Rehabilitation Centres for 2018

EXPENDITURE TOTAL (RM) Food and Beverage Costs RM 8.00 Other expenses RM 42.00 (e.g.: Staff emolument, service & supply)

TOTAL RM 50.00

Source: Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Division, NADA

61219 NADA_AADK.indd 38 12/24/19 12:31 PM NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY • MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS 39

Table 6.3: Collective intake and capacity of Cure & Care Rehabilitation Centres (CCRC), 2018

NO. CCRC CAPACITY COLLECTIVE INTAKE 2018 1 SERDANG 350 247 2 KG. SELAMAT 320 353 3 BATU KURAU 400 369 4 PERLOP 350 296 5 KARAK 150 165 6 RAUB 300 306 7 GAMBANG 400 218 8 BENTA 350 147 9 SG. RUAN 200 180 10 JELI 350 178 11 BESUT 30 31 12 MUAR 350 329 13 KOTA TINGGI 400 289 14 TIANG DUA 350 225 15 JELEBU 350 286 16 SERENDAH 300 296 17 DENGKIL 250 136 18 BACHOK (W) 250 142 19 KARANGAN 210 137 20 PAPAR 300 408 21 KUCHING 150 76

TOTAL 6,110 4,814

Source: Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Division, NADA

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Table 6.4: Collective intake and capacity of Cure & Care Clinics, 2018

NO. C&C CLINIC CAPACITY COLLECTIVE INTAKE 2018 1 SG. BESI 150 130 2 KOTA BHARU 190 101 3 BUKIT MERTAJAM 200 280 4 TAMPOI 200 183 5 TAMPIN 250 140 6 JERANTUT 200 88 7 BACHOK (W) 60 159 8 KARANGAN 170 182 9 PAPAR 60 143 10 KUCHING 25 45

TOTAL 1,505 1,451

Table 6.5: Number of residents and capacity of Cure & Care Vocational Centres (CCVC)

NO. CURE & CARE VOCATIONAL CENTRE CAPACITY NUMBER OF RESIDENTS (CCVC) 2018 1 SEPANG 250 159

Table 6.6: Number of clients involved in Implementation of ISRA Module as of December 2018

REHABILITATION CENTRE NUMBER OF CLIENTS INVOLVED CCRC KG. SELAMAT 155 CCRC KARAK 125 CCRC SG. RUAN 135 CCRC JELI 132 CCRC BATU KURAU 275 CCRC PERLOP 225 CCRC TIANG DUA 230 CCRC BENTA 89

TOTAL 1,366

Source: Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Division, NADA

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Table 6.7: Statistics of clients on the Implementation of the Clients’ Educational Access Programme (CEAP), 2017–2018

ITEM C&C Clinic C&C Clinic C&C Clinic C&C Clinic TOTAL YEAR Karangan Kota Papar Bharu PT3 2017 0 2 0 2 2018 0 0 0 0 SPM 2017 39 9 5 53 2018 38 0 0 38 PASS 2017 9 8 5 22 (ELIGIBLE FOR SP CERTIFICATE) 2018 24 0 0 24

Source: Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Division, NADA

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Table 6.8: Number of Residential and Non-Residential clients at Cure & Care Service Centres (CCSC)

NO. STATE CCSC NUMBER OF CCSC NUMBER OF CCSC NON- RESIDENTIAL CLIENTS RESIDENTIAL CLIENTS 1 KEDAH KULIM 36 0 PENDANG 36 3 2 PULAU PINANG TELUK BAHANG 64 0 GEORGETOWN Changed to CIC, May 2016 3 PERAK BATU GAJAH Changed to CIC, May 2017 IPOH CITY 0 1 KAMPAR 48 0 TAPAH 51 0 4 SELANGOR HULU SELANGOR 27 0 HULU LANGAT 24 1 GOMBAK 49 0 PETALING Changed to CIC, May 2016 KLANG 34 1 5 WP KUALA CHOW KIT 0 4 LUMPUR MALURI Changed to CIC, March 2017 KG. KERINCHI 22 0 SAN PENG 24 8 DESA REJANG Closed 6 MELAKA ALOR GAJAH 31 0 JASIN Changed to CIC, March 2017 7 NEGERI SEMBILAN PORT DICKSON 42 3 KUALA PILAH 2 79 JEMPOL 31 0 TAMPIN Changed to CIC, May 2016 8 JOHOR MUAR Changed to CIC. May 2016 BATU PAHAT 24 0 KOTA TINGGI 33 0 PONTIAN Changed to CIC, May 2016 KLUANG 25 0 TANGKAK 0 0

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Table 6.8: Number of Residential and Non-Residential clients at Cure & Care Service Centres (CCSC)

NO. STATE CCSC NUMBER OF CCSC NUMBER OF CCSC NON- RESIDENTIAL CLIENTS RESIDENTIAL CLIENTS 9 PAHANG KUANTAN Changed to CIC, August 2015 JENGKA 61 0 MEMPAGA 3 48 0 CHINI 39 0 10 TERENGGANU KUALA 42 7 TERENGGANU 11 HULU 63 0 TERENGGANU BESUT Changed to CIC, August 2015 12 KELANTAN TANAH MERAH 43 4 BACHOK 0 23 13 SARAWAK KUCHING 53 0 SRI AMAN 11 0 LIMBANG 21 12 SIBU 41 20 MIRI 45 32 14 SABAH SANDAKAN 37 10 SEMPORNA 17 5 KOTA KINABALU 14 52 KENINGAU 65 64

TOTAL NUMBER OF CLIENTS 1,203 329

Source: Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Division, NADA

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Table 6.9: Number of clients at Clients’ Integration Centres (CIC) for 2018

NO. STATE CIC NUMBER OF CLIENTS

1 PERLIS KANGAR 27

2 KEDAH KUALA MUDA 17

3 PULAU PINANG TASEK GELUGOR 40

GEORGETOWN 12

4 PERAK TELUK INTAN 22

BATU GAJAH 20

5 SELANGOR AMPANG 29

PETALING 22

6 WPKL MALURI 36

7 NEGERI SEMBILAN SEREMBAN 26

8 MELAKA TAMPIN 14

JASIN 35

9 JOHOR SEGAMAT 25

JOHOR BAHRU 20

MUAR 24

PONTIAN 17

10 PAHANG KUANTAN 25

11 TERENGGANU DUNGUN 24

BESUT 35

TOTAL NUMBER OF CLIENTS 470

Source: Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Division, NADA

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Table 6.10: Total attendance and programmes/services at Caring Community Houses (CCH), 2018

NO. STATE CARING COMMUNITY NUMBER OF TOTAL HOUSE (CCH) PROGRAMMES/SERVICES ATTENDANCE 1 PERLIS KANGAR 4 221 TAMAN EMAS, BESERI 4 478 RPA ARAU 7 480 2 KEDAH KUBANG PASU 0 0 BALING 0 0 KULIM 0 0 KUALA MUDA 6 306 KOTA SETAR 28 574 BANDAR BAHARU 0 0 TEMONYONG 1 58 3 PULAU JALAN SCOTLAND 11 311 PINANG PINANG TUNGGAL 151 2,878 4 PERAK TRONG 1 34 TELUK INTAN 0 0 * KAMPAR 0 0 (CLOSED) BUNTONG 0 0 FELCRA KG. GAJAH 0 0 BAGAN DATOH 0 0 5 SELANGOR HULU LANGAT 1 76 GOMBAK 9 228 KLANG 5 218 PUCHONG PERDANA 1 36 (CLOSED & REPLACED) DESA MENTARI PETALING KUALA LANGAT 0 0 6 WP KUALA LEMBAH PANTAI 0 0 LUMPUR SAN PENG 1 23 KG. MALAYSIA RAYA 3 100

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NO. STATE CARING COMMUNITY NUMBER OF TOTAL HOUSE (CCH) PROGRAMMES/SERVICES ATTENDANCE 7 MELAKA JASIN 1 77 DURIAN TUNGGAL 1 40 MASJID TANAH 0 0 LIMBONGAN 0 0 PADANG TEMU 3 65 BUKIT GEDONG 0 0 8 NEGERI PORT DICKSON 2 36 SEMBILAN TAMPIN 0 0 JELEBU 4 79 REMBAU 7 169 JASMIN 34 1,113 JEMPOL 1 81 9 JOHOR BAITUL ISLAH 4 73 PAGOH 0 0 SEMBRONG 4 167 TAMAN CENDANA 1 37 KOTA TINGGI 5 177 MERSING 3 118 PONTIAN 3 94 LEDANG 7 212 SEGAMAT 5 311 10 PAHANG JERANTUT 4 59 PEKAN 6 139 BENTONG 3 184 KG. MERAPOH 4 67 ROMPIN 13 384 KUANTAN 8 242 BERA 11 236 DONG 0 0

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NO. STATE CARING COMMUNITY NUMBER OF TOTAL HOUSE (CCH) PROGRAMMES/SERVICES ATTENDANCE 11 TERENGGANU KG. GONG BARU 7 816 KUALA BESUT 2 122 MARANG 8 503 SETIU 29 626 DUNGUN 8 289 HULU TERENGGANU 31 916 KEMAMAN 42 1,435 12 KELANTAN TUMPAT 26 774 BACHOK (CONTRACT 0 0 ENDED) GUA MUSANG 6 137 MACHANG 0 0 PASIR MAS 1 13 KOTA BHARU 0 0 *PASIR PUTEH 0 0 (CLOSED FOLLOWING RESOLUTION OF MEETING) 13 SARAWAK KUCHING 0 0 BINTULU 0 0 MUKAH 0 0 14 SABAH KG. DARAU 0 0 KG. PINTAS 4 61 KUDAT 5 137 TONGOD 0 0 TAWAU 4 156 RANAU 3 84

TOTAL 543 16,250

Source: Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Division, NADA

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Table 6.11: Statistics of Maintaining the Recovery of Persons under Supervision (PUS), 2017 and 2018

NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER OF PUS OF PUS OF PUS % OF PUS % FULFILLING FULFILLING NO. STATE EVALUATED EVALUATED CRITERIA CRITERIA

2017 2018 1 PERLIS 365 126 283 133 2 KEDAH 1,810 979 1,837 1,078 PULAU 3 1,449 851 1,426 672 PINANG 4 PERAK 1,210 705 1,936 855 5 SELANGOR 1,493 592 1,826 826 6 WPKL 456 245 419 290 NEGERI 7 494 374 477 352 SEMBILAN 54 55 8 MELAKA 602 239 491 300 9 JOHOR 1,871 699 1,786 793 10 PAHANG 1,377 878 1,734 1,106 11 TERENGGANU 665 380 1,145 673 12 KELANTAN 744 558 1,046 774 13 SABAH 694 525 671 452 14 SARAWAK 264 191 172 145

TOTAL 13,494 7,342 15,249 8,449

Source: Treatment, Medical and Rehabilitation Division, NADA

61219 NADA_AADK.indd 48 12/24/19 12:31 PM NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY • MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS 49 21% 71% 61% 35% 47% 72% 37% 55% 29% 62% 34% 56% 40% 46% 40% 14 DAYS REDUCED COMPLAINT COMPLAINTS RESOLUTION OF RESOLUTION 1 16 25 73 55 99 374 615 169 455 286 485 608 1,139 4,400 ACTION >14 DAYS RESOLVED PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE Source: Enforcement and Security Division, NADA Enforcement Source: 78 67 68 231 147 142 224 145 145 234 250 149 289 298 2,467 14 DAYS

1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 11 26 NO VERIFICATION 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 0 0 0 6 10 32 BASIS WITHOUT OF RECEIPT OF COMPLAINT)OF RECEIPT VERIFICATION (WITHIN 3 DAYS VERIFICATION 171 513 361 159 154 825 287 441 928 708 598 1120 1,041 1,543 WITH BASIS 8,849 173 157 159 519 378 289 826 929 708 607 442 1127 1,051 1,544 8,909 Table 7.1: Report of action to resolve Public Complaints according to State, 2018 State, to ReportPublic Complaints according resolve of action to 7.1: Table NUMBER OF COMPLAINTS STATE PERLIS KEDAH PINANG PULAU PERAK SELANGOR WPKL NEGERI SEMBILAN MELAKA JOHOR PAHANG TERENGGANU KELANTAN SABAH SARAWAK TOTAL 1 2 3 5 7 8 6 9 4 11 13 12 10 14 NO. C. STATISTICS OF ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY SERVICES C. STATISTICS

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Table 7.2: Number of Operations, Screenings and Positive Preliminary Screenings according to State, 2017 and 2018

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF POSITIVE STATE OPERATIONS* SCREENINGS PRELIMINARY SCREENINGS 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 JOHOR 666 901 3,289 3,580 1,593 1,960 KEDAH 753 687 4,815 4,674 3,703 1,891 KELANTAN 650 721 4,666 12,269 2,374 1,945 MELAKA 157 158 937 693 455 333 N. SEMBILAN 248 307 1,255 1,519 785 353 PAHANG 386 357 3,632 2,765 1,955 613 P.PINANG 282 364 3,044 2,671 1,794 2,037 PERAK 532 713 3,427 4,163 1,654 1,525 PERLIS 84 199 950 608 365 113 SELANGOR 495 585 4,932 6,042 2,551 1,308 TERENGGANU 366 423 2,792 2,491 1,581 646 SABAH 304 339 2,533 2,429 1,089 692 SARAWAK 224 366 1,156 1,492 445 699 WPKL 284 408 3,372 2,261 1,597 562

TOTAL 5,431 6,528 40,800 47,657 21,941 14,677

Table 7.3: Number of Operations, Screenings and Positive Preliminary Screenings according to Anti-Drugs Border Unit, 2017 and 2018

NO. ANTI-DRUGS TOTAL NO. OF TOTAL TOTAL POSITIVE BORDER UNIT OPERATIONS SCREENINGS PRELIMINARY SCREENINGS (ABU) 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 1 ABU BUKIT KAYU 58 21 1,936 835 230 157 HITAM 2 ABU PADANG 19 10 698 549 111 67 BESAR 3 ABU RANTAU 32 27 491 696 36 42 PANJANG 4 ABU PENGKALAN 36 34 453 210 73 60 KUBOR 5 ABU BUKIT BUNGA 65 48 1,033 641 92 213

TOTAL 210 140 4,611 2,931 542 539

Source: Enforcement and Security Division, NADA

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Table 7.4: Actual capacity according to Lock-up/NADA Remand Centre, 2018

ACTUAL NO. LOCK-UP IN OPERATION CAPACITY 1 HEADQUARTERS LOCK-UP 40 2 PASIR MAS LOCK-UP 25 3 HILIR PERAK LOCK-UP 30 4 BATU KURAU LOCK-UP 0 5 KUALA SELANGOR LOCK-UP 40 6 GAMBANG LOCK-UP 90 7 DANG WANGI LOCK-UP 25 8 TAMPIN LOCK-UP 160 9 JASIN LOCK-UP 32 10 SERDANG LOCK-UP 100 11 KG. SELAMAT LOCK-UP 80 12 PAPAR LOCK-UP 70 13 JOHOR LOCK-UP 12 14 KOTA TINGGI LOCK-UP 30 15 KUALA MUDA LOCK-UP 25

TOTAL 759

Source: Enforcement and Security Division, NADA

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Table 7.5: Number of PUS under Rehabilitation in the Community, 2017 and 2018

STATE COMPULSORY VOLUNTARY TOTAL

2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 JOHOR 5,406 5,169 220 351 5,626 5,520 KEDAH 5,194 5,252 850 1,093 6,044 6,345 KELANTAN 6,540 6,927 519 719 7,059 7,646 MELAKA 6,082 1,395 57 101 6,139 1,496 N.SEMBILAN 2,335 2,546 78 46 2,413 2,592 PAHANG 4,350 3,711 651 729 5,001 4,440 P.PINANG 8,572 4,779 89 57 8,661 4,836 PERAK 5,119 3,605 264 228 5,383 3,833 PERLIS 1,201 901 172 124 1,373 1,025 SELANGOR 6,008 5,278 660 511 6,668 5,789 TERENGGANU 3,189 3,732 739 730 3,928 4,462 SABAH 2,163 2,241 189 62 2,352 2,303 SARAWAK 887 822 83 222 970 1,044 WPKL 2,771 2,783 171 137 2,942 2,920

TOTAL 59,817 49,141 4,742 5,110 64,559 54,251

Table 7.6: Number of Investigation Papers, 2017 and 2018

NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE YEAR INVESTIGATION INCOMPLETE COMPLETE CONCLUDED ACHIEVEMENT PAPERS (IP) (30%) 2018 3,767 2,220 478 1,069 41.1% 2017 5,072 2,916 1,002 1,154 42.5% % COMPARISON –25.7% –23.9% –52.3% –7.4%

Source: Enforcement and Security Division, NADA

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D. STATISTICS OF ALL-OUT WAR ON DRUGS PROGRAMMES

Table 8.1: Number of programmes implemented according to area, 2018

2018 2018 2018 2018 PROGRAMME (14 Areas) (50 Areas) (114 Areas) (178 Areas) Community 626 1,720 2,932 5,278 Empowerment (CE) Omnipresence 668 2,371 4,819 7,858 Ops Cegah 419 1,343 2,561 4,323 Ops Bersepadu 186 504 991 1,681 Ikon Antidadah 175 451 970 1,596 Media Campaign 3,471 8,722 20,419 32,612

Overall Total 5,545 15,111 32,692 53,348

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Table 8.2: Number of Prevention and Integrated Operations according to area for 2018

PREVENTION OPERATIONS INTEGRATED OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING NO. OF NO. OF +VE +VE NO. STATE AREA

1 Kangar 40 53 17 2 5 0 2 Arau 19 68 10 2 20 0 PERLIS 3 Kuala Perlis 20 36 13 2 35 13 4 Simpang Empat 19 29 6 1 1 0 5 Kuala Kedah 1 30 30 0 0 0 6 Alor Setar 14 121 83 2 28 0 7 Pokok Sena 2 58 58 5 127 36 8 Kupang 17 55 41 7 33 26 9 Bandar Baling 5 15 13 3 28 29 10 Kuala Ketil 6 21 13 7 48 34 11 KEDAH Bandar Kulim 34 51 24 3 16 8 12 Langkawi 11 70 1 3 74 0 13 Bandar Sik 30 73 67 16 63 62 14 Bandar Pendang 20 43 28 35 249 137 15 Sungai Petani 37 152 85 7 183 38 16 Bedong 10 53 8 5 130 0 17 Jitra 28 241 22 8 129 11 18 Kepala Batas 18 87 77 14 258 161 19 Butterworth 9 62 50 26 500 335 20 Bukit 28 158 165 11 124 104 Mertajam 21 Seberang Perai 5 18 19 6 59 109

22 PULAU Nibong Tebal 15 92 38 4 64 34 23 PINANG Bayan Lepas 18 46 39 3 17 13 24 Balik Pulau 13 33 31 4 14 13 25 Jelutong 18 67 67 15 84 83 26 Jalan Patani 19 35 31 7 54 45 27 Ayer Itam 8 9 8 3 3 3 28 Dato Keramat 7 19 19 2 10 10

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PREVENTION OPERATIONS INTEGRATED OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING NO. OF NO. OF +VE +VE NO. STATE AREA

29 Sitiawan 24 106 59 15 411 67 30 Pulau Pangkor 5 11 8 0 0 0 31 Pantai Remis 4 14 6 1 0 0 32 Batu Gajah 14 146 35 5 102 19 33 Chemor 28 68 58 6 83 31 34 Pasir Putih 26 50 38 2 16 11 35 Tambun 19 26 21 2 26 7 36 Tg. Rambutan 26 38 31 5 33 10 37 Sungkai 7 34 2 3 35 0 38 Tapah 11 58 4 6 24 4 39 Trolak 7 23 5 4 71 13 40 Batu Kurau 14 19 19 7 105 0 41 Kamunting 19 62 19 1 4 4 42 Simpang 8 11 4 5 93 0 43 Pokok Asam 4 8 5 0 0 0 44 PERAK Selama 0 0 0 1 7 0 45 Taiping 7 11 2 2 4 3 46 Changkat Jering 10 12 6 3 19 1 47 Kuala Kurau 9 13 0 9 20 8 48 Bagan Serai 10 12 0 5 6 5 49 Parit Buntar 22 44 14 14 43 21 50 Semanggol 5 6 0 8 59 10 51 Tanjung 10 24 5 10 46 9 Piandang 52 Bagan Datuk 7 87 47 0 0 0 53 Kampung Gajah 5 14 13 1 3 0 54 Bota 4 4 1 2 18 3 55 Gerik 33 63 12 13 92 5 56 Kampar 9 58 20 6 30 2 57 Kuala Kangsar 10 46 6 3 113 43 58 Sungai Siput 4 8 0 6 171 0

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PREVENTION OPERATIONS INTEGRATED OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING NO. OF NO. OF +VE +VE NO. STATE AREA

59 Petaling Jaya 24 373 58 11 231 8 60 Serdang 12 122 16 4 66 4 61 Bandar 26 80 76 3 37 21 Ampang 62 Hulu Kelang 19 77 68 2 5 5 63 Pandan Indah 24 60 62 4 12 12 64 Bandar 10 195 1 14 371 0 Gombak 65 Selayang 9 70 0 0 0 0 SELANGOR 66 Rawang 3 5 0 1 3 0 67 Bagan Sungai 14 79 51 8 24 17 Besar 68 Kajang 26 117 29 20 370 8 69 Semenyih 18 55 17 8 148 23 70 Batu 9, Cheras 16 60 15 7 257 2 71 Bangi 18 47 10 2 2 0 72 Pandamaran 20 91 28 1 77 76 73 Bandar Klang 7 52 22 3 41 41 74 Pantai Dalam 25 157 52 10 103 26 75 Petaling 17 41 12 8 25 8 76 Wangsa Maju 26 64 24 11 37 18 77 Setapak 25 89 17 16 84 27 78 Jinjang 27 94 34 16 135 18 WPKL 79 Sentul 25 60 10 13 22 8 80 Bandar Cheras 27 63 18 7 20 16 81 Sungai Besi 29 85 47 8 41 10 82 Salak Selatan 20 60 11 5 23 11 83 Dang Wangi 17 143 51 10 115 41

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PREVENTION OPERATIONS INTEGRATED OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING NO. OF NO. OF +VE +VE NO. STATE AREA

84 Rompin 5 5 4 0 0 0 85 Batu Kikir 13 14 8 1 30 20 86 Bahau 4 52 0 3 63 1 87 Ladang Gaddes 6 6 3 2 47 22 88 Senawang 26 63 13 8 191 10 89 Paroi 7 15 10 3 53 4 90 Seremban 9 22 17 8 22 2 91 Rahang 4 4 2 3 40 2 NEGERI 92 Sikamat 7 8 0 0 0 0 SEMBILAN 93 Rembau 18 57 24 11 214 41 94 Gemas 7 24 2 2 57 1 95 Gemencheh 3 4 1 0 0 0 96 Port Dickson 19 31 20 3 83 5 97 Teluk 22 53 32 3 15 2 Kemang 98 Kuala Pilah 8 11 5 6 52 1 99 Lukut 17 33 14 2 6 3 100 Tanjung Kling 9 15 11 3 30 30 101 Bandar Melaka 3 4 5 1 7 6 Tengah 102 Kandang 5 4 6 1 12 12 MELAKA 103 Tanjung Minyak 12 50 43 7 235 62 104 Masjid Tanah 13 17 8 2 5 0 105 Alor Gajah 17 69 25 3 17 0 106 Merlimau 30 43 25 4 7 2

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PREVENTION OPERATIONS INTEGRATED OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING NO. OF NO. OF +VE +VE NO. STATE AREA

107 Pasir Gudang 70 93 33 20 447 91 108 Kulai 14 18 5 8 44 22 109 Tampoi 18 23 9 2 11 0 110 Skudai 23 39 8 3 37 3 111 Kempas 25 36 14 10 12 1 112 Majidee 22 120 40 7 59 17 113 Sentral 14 25 8 14 186 22 114 Johor Jaya 26 153 61 7 115 51 115 Larkin 15 25 3 3 14 5 116 Taman 6 6 1 3 34 2 Perling 117 Taman 14 22 12 1 5 0 Universiti 118 Bandar 40 161 158 12 119 71 Segamat JOHOR 119 Bandar 39 53 46 24 50 44 Pontian 120 Bandar Batu 32 59 51 5 8 7 Pahat 121 Parit Sulong 19 41 37 16 41 33 122 Parit Raja 22 31 27 5 51 9 123 Yong Peng 5 5 6 6 42 16 124 Muar 39 95 83 4 50 27 125 Bandar Kluang 48 116 87 13 99 42 126 Simpang 19 35 30 5 10 10 Renggam 127 Kg. Gajah 17 18 18 4 15 15 128 Mersing 15 49 35 9 41 29 129 Bandar Kota 2 2 3 1 0 0 Tinggi

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PREVENTION OPERATIONS INTEGRATED OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING NO. OF NO. OF +VE +VE NO. STATE AREA

130 Kuantan 19 199 67 5 171 11 131 Beserah 1 3 3 0 0 0 132 Jerantut 18 142 30 7 82 1 133 Pekan 22 113 98 2 50 7 134 Bandar Tun 29 62 37 3 35 2 Razak 135 PAHANG Kuala Rompin 7 21 9 1 4 4 136 Bandar Bentong 21 140 31 8 27 5 137 Temerloh 16 102 40 0 0 0 138 Pekan Raub 13 84 32 3 34 28 139 Bandar 32 2 13 0 0 0 0 140 Bandar Jengka 14 10 3 3 69 11 141 Bandar Maran 10 5 5 3 35 12 142 Gong Badak 14 54 10 3 8 7 143 Bandar Kuala 18 27 11 3 12 8 Terengganu 144 Batu Rakit 13 28 6 3 10 7 145 Chabang Tiga 22 58 28 6 43 3 146 Kuala Dungun 21 46 38 10 66 34 TERENGGANU 147 Chukai 17 100 8 13 159 12 148 Mukim Kuala 3 19 8 2 62 12 Berang 149 Kampung Raja 29 97 28 7 62 3 150 Jerteh 26 115 42 10 56 6 151 Bandar Marang 29 111 0 5 14 0 152 Pasir Mas 44 116 44 8 41 7 153 Rantau Panjang 11 26 15 20 83 13 154 KELANTAN Bunut Susu 10 22 14 1 2 0 155 Pengkalan 33 59 17 4 26 0 Chepa

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PREVENTION OPERATIONS INTEGRATED OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS OPERATIONS SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING SCREENING

NO. OF NO. OF INFORMATION +VE +VE NO. STATE AREA ON DRUGS

156 Bandar Kota 32 57 16 5 25 0 Bharu 157 Bandang 23 37 11 4 21 0 158 Pasir Puteh 32 274 193 13 58 7 159 Tanah Merah 29 113 90 4 19 1 160 Bandar Kuala 11 69 39 10 110 81 Krai 161 Bandar Machang 4 50 31 0 0 0 162 Bandar Tumpat 27 236 133 7 80 12 163 Bandar Bachok 32 228 199 9 91 70 164 Bandar Gua 27 162 152 14 291 22 Musang 165 Bandar Tawau 55 191 91 21 405 13 166 Bandar 21 169 111 9 108 15 Sandakan 167 Karamunsing 24 85 76 3 61 11 168 SABAH Menggatal 17 70 65 2 44 6 169 Penampang 20 62 56 5 177 36 170 Bandar Keningau 0 0 0 0 0 0 171 Bandar Beaufort 6 50 3 4 24 3

172 Bandar Kuching 36 147 75 0 0 0 173 Gita 0 0 0 0 0 0 174 Bandar Sibu 33 31 32 2 31 9 175 SARAWAK Bandar Miri 24 37 14 3 16 12 176 Bandar Bintulu 2 3 3 2 10 9 177 Sri Aman 0 0 0 0 0 0 178 Samarahan 14 55 49 3 83 33

TOTAL 3,055 10,937 5,348 1,048 11,720 3,256

Source: Enforcement and Security Division, NADA

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PART IV TECHNICAL NOTES

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1.0 SCOPE AND COVERAGE The compilation of data pertaining to the situation of drug & substance abusers and addicts in Malaysia for 2018 encompasses data from the following sources:

i. Data on Arrests under Section 15(1) DDA, 1952, by the Royal Malaysian Police; ii. Data on Addicts receiving treatment and rehabilitation, as well as undergoing observation at the National Anti-Drugs Agency; iii. Data on patients receiving treatment for addiction at Ministry of Health facilities; and iv. Data on patients undergoing treatment and rehabilitation at Private Drug Rehabilitation Centres (PDRC).

1.1 FORMULA The calculation of Ratio of Drugs & Substance Abusers and Addicts for 100,000 Residents:

Number of Drug & Substance Abusers and Addicts 2018 x 100,000 Estimated Population 2018

1.2 DRUGS AND SUBSTANCE ABUSERS Drug and substance abusers are people who use drugs and substances for recreation purposes or to prevent becoming disoriented, and not for medical purposes. 7

1.3 DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ADDICTS Drug addicts and substance abusers suffer from a chronic illness prone to relapse, which is characterised by their compulsive behaviour in obtaining and using drugs and substances, even though such use produces harmful effects.8

1.4 THE TERMS PER CASE AND PER INDIVIDUAL Per Case Data refers to an addict that has committed one or more offence in the current year. Per Individual Data refers to the data of addict taken into account only once within a specific period.

7 NADA, National Drugs Policy 2017, p. 7 8 NADA, National Drugs Policy 2017, Ibid

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1.5 DEFINITION OF DRUGS AND SUBSTANCE According to the National Drugs Policy, Drugs refer to substances produced from plants or synthetic substances that may cause changes in mood, perception and behaviour, as well as produce psychoactive symptoms in the addict.

In the context of Malaysian legislation for the purpose of education on prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, and enforcement, drugs refer to:

1.5.1 Any drugs listed in the First Schedule, Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 [Sections 2, 11(1) and 17(3)];

1.5.2 Any drugs listed in the List of Poisons, Poisons Act 1952 – First Schedule (Section 2), Second Schedule (Sections 2 and 7) and Third Schedule (Section 30).

1.6 TYPES OF DRUGS

1.6.1 Opiates

Types: Opiate (Opium), Morphine, Codeine (Cough Medication)

Effects: Abuse of opiates may result in infections such as HIV/AIDS, heart failure, cardiac arrest, liver inflammation (Hepatitis B/C), depression, hallucinations, mental disorientation or severe withdrawal symptoms such as muscular and joint spasms.

1.6.2 Stimulants

Types: Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, MDMA

Effects: Abuse of stimulants causes loss of appetite, erratic mood changes, insomnia, high blood pressure, violent behaviour, increased sexual desire, suicidal tendencies, or damage to muscles, kidneys, liver or heart.

1.6.3 Cannabis

Types: Cannabis Herb, Cannabis Resin (Hashish, Charas), Hashish Oil

Effects: Frequent use of cannabis in the long-term affects memory and capacity to think, whereby users become lethargic and anti-social.

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1.6.4 Hallucinogens

Types: LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), Mescaline, DMT (Dimethyltryptamine), PCP (Phencyclidine, ‘Angel Dust’), Psilocybin & Psilocyn and Ketamine

Effects: Abuse of hallucinogens causes impaired judgment and coordination, which may lead to a high risk of injuries, violent behaviour, paranoia and extreme anxiety.

1.6.5 Depressants

Types: Anti-depressant medication, alcohol, GHB, Ketamine

Effects: Users of anti-depressants may become high, sweat excessively, experience extreme anxiety, depression, develop suicidal tendencies and psychoses. Overdose may result in cardiac arrest leading to death.

1.6.6 Inhalants

Types: Thinners/Liquids, Aerosols, Gas Substances and Nitric Substances

Effects: Abuse of inhalants produces immediate and long-term detrimental effects. Immediate effects include hallucinations, nausea, dizziness, irregular breathing, lack of balance, unstable emotions and desensitisation to pain.

Long-term effects include damage to brain cells and major organs, loss of sight, heart disease and sudden death.

1.6.7 Kratom

Types:

i) Evergreen plant, with glossy, dark-green leaves and small, yellow flowers ii) Two (2) types of veined leaves. One type is red in colour and the other is white (said to have a stronger hallucinogenic effect).

Effects: Misuse of Kratom is normally by mixing poisonous substances such as mosquito repellent in the juice of Kratom and drinking the mixture.

Such misuse may result in loss of self-control, feelings of boredom and lethargy, desensitisation to physical and emotional pain, narrowing of pupils, nausea, dryness of mouth, frequent urination, loss of appetite, constipation and insomnia.

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1.7 LIST OF STATUTES

1.7.1 Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA), 1952

1.7.2 Dangerous Drugs Act (Special Preventive Measures), 1985

1.7.3 Drug Dependants Act (Treatment and Rehabilitation) 1983 (Amendment 1998)

1.7.4 National Anti-Drugs Agency Act 2004

1.7.1 Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA), 1952

DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT (DDA) 1952

SECTION OFFENCE/TYPE OF DRUGS PUNISHMENT 39B Possession of 15 grammes or more of Heroin or Mandatory death penalty Morphine or Monoacetyl Morphine (hanging) Possession of 1000 grammes or more of raw or cooked Opium Possession of 200 grammes or more of Cannabis Possession of 40 grammes or more of Cocaine Possession of 50 grammes or more of Amphetamine 39(A)(2) Possession of 5 grammes or more of Heroin or Not less than 5 years Morphine or Monoacetyl Morphine imprisonment or life imprisonment with mandatory Possession of 250 grammes or more of Opium whipping of not less than 10 Possession of 50 grammes or more of Cannabis strokes Possession of 15 grammes or more of Cocaine Possession of 30 grammes or more of Amphetamine 39(A)(1) Possession of 2–5 grammes of Heroin or Morphine Not less than 2 years or not more than 5 years imprisonment with Possession of 100–250 grammes of Opium mandatory whipping of 3 to 9 Possession of 20–50 grammes of Cannabis strokes Possession of 5–15 grammes of Cocaine

Possession of 250–750 grammes of Coca Leaves Possession of 5–30 grammes of Amphetamine 6B Planting or cultivating Cannabis plant Life imprisonment with mandatory whipping of not less than 6 strokes

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DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT (DDA) 1952 6 Possession of less than 5 grammes of raw opium Imprisonment of not more than or coca leaves or cannabis or poppy plant or five years or fine of not more than cannabis seeds from poppy RM20,000, or both 9 Possession of less than 100 grammes of cooked Same as above Opium 12(2) Possession of less than 2 grammes of Heroin or Imprisonment of not more than Morphine 5 years or fine of not more than RM100,000 Civil servants working in prisons, rehabilitation Additional whipping of 3 strokes centres, police lock-ups or any detention centre and possessing drugs at the respective places 15 Administering drugs (Heroin or Morphine) into the Imprisonment of not more than body 2 years or fine of not more than RM5,000 15B Having the contents of Poppy Straw Imprisonment of not more than 2 years or fine of up to RM5,000

1.7.2 Dangerous Drugs Act (Special Preventive Measures), 1985

The categories of persons arrested under this Act are as follows:

• Persons arrested under Section 39B DDA 1952 and released by the court for lack of evidence for conviction; • Persons suspected and identified to be involved in drug trafficking activities through the process of information gathering, word of mouth, intelligence by witnesses who deal directly with such persons; • A person arrested under this Act will be: detained for not more than 60 days under Section 3(1) of the DDA (Specific Preventive Measures) 1985; and • Will not be tried in court.

1.7.3 Drug Dependants Act (Treatment and Rehabilitation) 1983 (Amendment 1998) • A person may be detained for urine testing under Section 3(1) of the Act if he is suspected to be a drug addict; • After verification that the said person is a drug addict, a magistrate may issue an order pursuant to Section 6(1) for the addict to either: Undergo treatment and rehabilitation at a rehabilitation centre for a period of 2 years and thereafter to be under supervision for two (2) years; or • Be placed under the supervision of an officer for a period of two (2) to three (3) years.

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1.7.4 National Anti-Drugs Agency Act 2004 • The National Anti-Drugs Agency Act 2004 was published in the gazette on 30th December 2004. • The purpose of this Act is to establish the National Anti-Drugs Agency and grant powers to Agency officers for the implementation of preventive, treatment and rehabilitation functions, enforcement, investigation, special preventive measures, forfeiture of property and administration of offences under the following Acts: • Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 [Act 234]; • Drug Dependants Act (Treatment and Rehabilitation) 1983 [Act 283]; • Dangerous Drugs Act (Special Preventive Measures) 1985 [Act 316]; and • Dangerous Drugs Act (Forfeiture of Property) 1988 [Act 340].

1.8 TREATMENT, MEDICAL AND REHABILITATION SERVICES

1.8.1 Rehabilitation Service in Institution This programme provides treatment and rehabilitation facilities to addicts under Court Orders pursuant to Section 6(1)(a) of the Drug Dependants Act (Treatment and Rehabilitation) 1983 and voluntarily pursuant to Section 8(3)(a) of the Act. Institutional Rehabilitation programmes are carried out at twenty (20) PUSPEN/Cure & Care Rehabilitation Centres (CCRC) and ten (10) NADA Cure & Care Clinics (C&C).

1.8.2 Rehabilitation Service in Community This programme provides treatment and rehabilitation facilities within the community to addicts under Court Orders and voluntarily. Rehabilitation in community is carried out at District NADA and advanced care centres run by NADA.

1.8.3 Private Drug Rehabilitation Centres (PDRC) In 2018, a total of eighty-eight (88) Private Drug Rehabilitation Centres (PDRC) are active and only fifty-four (54) PDRC are registered to conduct treatment and rehabilitation activities voluntarily.

1.8.4 Islamic Spiritual Rehabilitation Approach (ISRA) Model • The ISRA model is a psychospiritual approach in treating and rehabilitating NADA clients from problems of continued drug addiction; • It is an approach developed based on spiritual inputs and adaptation of the ISRA model combines religious aspects and holistic development in the endeavour to treat and rehabilitate drug addicts.

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1.8.5 CLIENTS’ EDUCATIONAL ACCESS PROGRAMME (CEAP) • The CEAP was established as a result of the Preventive Education Action Committee Meeting No. 1/2014 on 7th August 2014, which was chaired by the Minister of Communications and Multimedia. This initiative was established with the intention of providing assistance to students with drug addiction problems to seek treatment and rehabilitation at Rehabilitation Centres; • The CEAP was first implemented at CCRC/C&C Clinic Karangan in 2015 and in 2017 the programme was expanded to CCRC/C&C Clinic Papar and C&C Clinic Kota Bharu.

1.8.6 Persons Under Supervision (PUS) at District NADA Persons Under Supervision are supervised by Rehabilitation Officers and must comply with monitoring order conditions for a period of two (2) to three (3) years, whereby the clients’ commitment shown through their attendance during the rehabilitation process is taken into account.

1.8.7 CURE & CARE SERVICE CENTRE (CCSC) Known as the Cure and Care Service Centre, this institution is open to the community and targeted at all levels of society affected by drug problems. The centres are run in a more open manner for the purposes of expediting the cure process and subsequently helping former addicts to function again as more productive individuals in society.

1.8.8 CLIENT INTEGRATION CENTRE (CIC) • The CIC is a placement for the pre-release of CCRC clients who have undergone rehabilitation of four (4) to six (6) months and above. • CCRC clients are placed at the CIC as a continuation of their treatment and rehabilitation programme to enable them to build their careers in the community and reintegrate into society.

1.8.9 CARING COMMUNITY HOUSE (CCH) • The CCH or Community Houses are premises operating as community activity centres run by local communities through committees, each known as the CCH Committee. • CCH Committees manage and run community programmes involving community leaders, non-governmental organisations (NGO) and other local institutions/social organisations.

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1.9 ALL-OUT WAR ON DRUGS

1.9.1 COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT (CE) • Improves awareness at all levels of the community regarding drug problems and plans of action; • Provides information, understanding and skills in planning, implementing and monitoring programmes; • Involves members of the community in programme management; • Creates a supportive environment to deal with drug problems.

1.9.2 OMNIPRESENCE • Shows presence and commitment of the authorities and taskforce in a specific area; and • Enhances the community’s security and trust in their area.

1.9.3 OPS CEGAH AND OUTREACH • Ops Cegah is an operation to detect and detain addicts in ‘port’ locations and process them for treatment and rehabilitation [Section 3(1), Drug Dependants Act]; and • Outreach – a process of detecting and ‘persuading’ addicts in ‘port’ areas and processing them for treatment and rehabilitation [Section 8(3)(a)/(b), Drug Dependants Act].

1.9.4 OPS BERSEPADU (INTEGRATED OPERATION) In order to further consolidate operations to detect and detain drug addicts, an Integrated Operation is carried out by NADA together with its strategic partners such as the Department of Road Transport, the Immigration Department, the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency, the Malaysian Volunteers Department (RELA) and others. The involvement of these strategic partners aids NADA in carrying out raids on addict dens on a wider basis and effectively at all levels.

1.9.5 IKON ANTIDADAH (ANTI-DRUGS ICON) • Educational programme on prevention, treatment and rehabilitation using influential figures or personalities; and • Promotional and campaign agents/ambassadors and role models.

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1.9.6 MEDIA CAMPAIGN • Programmes and activities to disseminate information and knowledge, as well as promote a healthy lifestyle to target groups; and • AWOD 2.0 promotional programmes and activities in the media.

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INFORMATION ON DRUGS 2018 NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS 12/24/19 12:31 PM Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan Malaysia @AADKMalaysia aadk.malaysia MrAADK (603) 8926 2055 (603) 8911 2200 www.adk.gov.my [email protected] NATIONAL ANTI-DRUGS AGENCY Ministry of Home Affairs, Jalan Maktab Perguruan Islam 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 61219 NADA_AADK.indd 72