Special Libraries, December 1964

San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks

Special Libraries, 1964 Special Libraries, 1960s

12-1-1964

Special Libraries, December 1964

Special Libraries Association

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Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, December 1964" (1964). Special Libraries, 1964. 10. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1964/10

This Magazine is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Libraries, 1960s at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Libraries, 1964 by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I)+< I MWK 1904. Lot 55, No. 10 STANDARDS FOR SPECIAL LIBRARIES Ref erelice Materials for Government Contractors . . . Bibliography on Libraary Systems . . . EJC Role Indicators Annual Author, Title, Subject Index SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Putting Knowledge to Work OFFICERS DIRECTORS President WILLIAMK. BEATN WILLIAMS. BUDINGTON Northwestern University Medical The John Crerar Library, Chicago, lllinair School, Chicago, Illinois President-Elect HELENEDECHIEF ALLEENTHOMPSON Canadian National Railways, General Electric Company, San Jose, California Montreal, Quebec JOAN M. HUTCHINSON(Secretary) Advisory Council Chairman Research Center, Diamond Alkali LORNAM. DANIELLS Company, PainesviNe, Ohio Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts KENNETHN. METCALF Advisory Council Chairman-Elect Henry Fwd Museum and Green- HERBERTS. WHITE field Village, Dearborn, Michigall NASA Facility, Documentation, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland MRS. ELWETH B. ROTH Treasurer Standard Oil Company of Cali- JEAN E. FLEGAL fomia, Sun Francisco, California Union Carbide Corp., h'ew York, New York MRS. DOROTHYB. SKAU Immediate Past-President Southern Renional Research Lab- MRS.MILDRED H. BRODE oratory, US.-~epartment of Agri- David Taylor Model Ba~in,Washington, D. C. culture, New Orleans, Louisiana EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: BILL M. WOODS Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 Street, New York, New York 10003 MEMBERSHIP Dues: Sustaining-$100 ; Active-$20 (Paid For Life-$2 50) ; Associate -$20; Afiliate-$15 ; Student-$2 ; Emeritus-$). For qualifications, privileges and further information, write Special Libraries Association.

PUBLICATIONS Aviation subject headings, 1949 ...... $1.75 National insurance organizations in the A checklist for the organization, opera- United States and Canada, 1957 .... tion and evaluation of a company li- *Picture sources, 2nd ed., 1964 ...... brary, 1960 ...... 2.00 *SLA directory of members, as of July Contributions toward a special library 15, 1964, 1964 ...... members glossary, 2nd ed., 1950 ...... 1.25 nonmembers Correlation index document series & PB SLA directory of members, as of Octo- reports, 1953 ...... 10.00 ber 15, 1962, 1962 ...... members Creation & development of an insur- nonmembers ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... 2.00 Source list of selected labor statistics, Dictionary of report series codes, 1962 12.75 rev. ed., 1953 ...... Directory of business and financial serv- Sources of commodity prices, 1960 .... ices, 1963 ...... 6.50 Special Libraries Association personnel Directory of special libraries, 1953 .... 5.00 survey 1959, 1960 ...... Guide to metallurgical information (SLA *Special libraries: how to plan and equip Bibliography no. 3), 1961 ...... 4.00 them (SLA Monograph no. 2), 1963 Guide to Russian reference and Ian- Subject headings for aeronautical engi- guage aids (SLA Bibliography no. 4), neering libraries, 1949 ...... 1962 ...... 4.25 Subject headings for financial libraries, Handbook of scientific and technical 1954 ...... awards in the United States and Can- *Subject headings in advertising, market- ada, 1900-1952, 1956 ...... 3.00 ing, and communications media, 1964 *Literature of executive management Translators and translations: services and (SLA Bibliography no. 5), 1963 ... 4.25 sources, 1959 ...... Map collections in the U. S. and Can- 1i.S. sources of petroleum and natural ada; a directory, 1954 ...... 3.00 gas statistics, 1961 ...... Latest publications SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS-Subscription, $7.00; Foreign, $8.00 SPECIAL LIBRARIES-Subscription, $10.00; Foreign, $1 1.00; Single copies, $1.50 TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW INDEX-Subscription, $10.00 ;Foreign, $1 1.00 ;Single copies, $1.50 UNLISTED DRUGS-Subscription, $20; Single Copies, $2.00 SLA serves as the US. sales agent for selected Aslib publications

SPECIAL LIBRARIES is published by Special Libraries Association, monthly September to April, bimonthl May to August, at 73 Main Street, Brattleboro, Vermont 05302. Editorial Offices: 31 East 10th Street, dwyork, New York 10003. Second class postage pard at Brattleboro, Vermont. POSTMASTER: Send Form 3519 to Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 St., New York, N. Y. 10003 OUT-OF-PRINT BOOKS now available in . . . RUSSIAN.. . SOUTHEAST ASIA.. . ECONOMICS.. . GENEALOGY.. . New Republishing Programs Offer Selected l mportant Reference Books at Reduced Prices RUSSIAN HISTORY SOUTHEAST ASIA Fifth series in Micro Photo's program for Beginning a new program to republish out- republishing basic Russian books. Selections of-print Southeast Asia reference books made from Paul L. Horecky's Basic Russian selected from Southeast Asian History-A Publications, published by the University of Bibliographical Guide by May and Case; and An Annotated Bibliography by Cecil Hobbs. Chicago Press. Previous four offerings List reviewed and approved by Professor covered Bibliographies, General Reference John Cady, Department of History, Ohio Aids, Geography, The People (Anthropology University, head of the Committee on South- & Demography). east Asia for the Association of Asian Studies.

ECONOMICS Selections made from Series I1 of the survey GENEALOGY prepared by members of the Economics De- partment of Johns Hopkins University, Books from the genealogical bibliography recommending books which should be part used for many years at the Institute of Gene- of every library's basic economics collection. Our selected list of out-of-print books pre- alogical Research in Washington, prepared pared by Professor Mark Perlman, Senior by Meredith B. Colket, Director of Western Research Associate, Center for Regional Economics Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland. consists of titles which are not available through any other source.

SEND FOR COMPLETE DETAILS AND PRICES ON THESE REPRINTING PROGRAMS MICRO PHOTO BELL & HOWELL Any out-of-print book is available through our .OMPA., DUOPAGE reprinting program. Let us know your Division 1700 Shaw Avenue Cleveland. Ohio 44112 needs. Send for free catalog listing over 3,000 out-of-print book titles. DECEMBER 1964 QUESTIONS! 2 QUESTIONS! QUESTIONS!

% Who's the director of the Grand Rapids Public Library (Mich.)? % How many volumes are in the Skokie Public Library (Ill.)? $ Does R.C.A. have a library in New York - and who's the librarian? % Does the La Retama Public Library in Texas have bookmobiles? % What is the salary budget of the Oberlin College Library? % What's the phone number of the Atlantic County Library (N.J.)? * Who's the head of the University of Tennessee Department of Library Science? * What are the approximate expenditures of the Hamilton P.L. (Canada)? % How can you reach U.S. Army Southern Area Command libraries in Germany? * How much does the Providence P.L. (Rhode Island) allocate for books? * What are the branches of the Great Neck Public Library (N.Y.)? * What's the address of the University of Stockholm (Sweden) science library? 1 ANSWERS, TOO!

* The AMERICAN LIBRARY DIRECTORY provides all the facts on more than 15,000 public, college and special libraries in the United States and Canada - key personnel, addresses and phone numbers, salaries, book budgets, size of collections, special collections, etc. Edited by Eleanor F. Steiner-Prag, the new 1964 edition of this important reference work also offers a selected list of overseas libraries.

24th edition now ready 1964. $25.00 net pp. I Order your copies today from R. R. BOWKER COMPANY 1180 Avenue of the Americas New York, N. Y.10036 SPECIAL LIBRARIES SLA Periodicals Official journal of Special Libraries Association published ten Special times annually. Each issue carries articles and reports on protes- Libraries sional topics. Regular features include library planning, book reviews and notices, and news notes. US.$10; Foreign $11; Single copy $1.50 An alphabetical and chronological listing of forthcoming national and regional conventions and other meetings sponsored by Scientific science, technical, engineering, medical, and management orga- Meetings nizations and by colleges and universities. Subject index. Issued three times 3 year: January issue and May and September supplements. US. $7; Foreign $8; Janualy $5; Supplements $1.50 Quotes reviews of technical books appearing in more than 1,500 Technical science, technical, and trade journals. A selection and evaluation Book Review aid as well as a checklist of new technical works. Bibliographical Index data and citations to the original reviews are included. Published monthly September through June. US.$10; Foreign $11; Single copy $1.50 Lists the trade and generic names and experimental numbers of new drugs on the world market, giving data available on the con- Unlisted stitution, manufacturer, action, dosage, and original reference Drugs source. Published monthly by the Pharmaceutical Section of the SLA Science-Technology Division. $20, Calendar Year Only; $2, Single Copy Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10th Street, New York, N. Y. 1000.3 SLA Is United States Sales Representathe for Selected Aslib Publications

To appear shortly Rene de Livois HISTOIRE de LA PRESSE FRANCAISE

A detailed, chronological, and brilliantly illustrated account of French newspapers from the beginnings to the present. Special articles devoted to Camille Desmoulins, Marat, Napoleon, Henri Rochefort, Albert Bayet, and others, by twenty-four qualified writers. The index of names is virtually a biographical dictionary of the illustrious personages of the French press. 40 plates in color and 600 other illustrations Bound Paris 1964 2 vols. $44.25 Steeherl-HaLer, Ins. FOUNDED IN NEW YORK 1872

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DECEMBER 1964 Now Available 1964 WESCON Technical Papers

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EC1 1963 contains structural diagrams of over 77,000 newly synthesized or isolated chemical compounds. Compiled in 3 handsomely bound volumes. A RECENT STUDY SHOWS THAT ECI REPORTS HUNDREDS OF NEW CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS NOT INDEXED BY ANY OTHER CHEMICAL ABSTRACTING SERVICE. ECI 1963 provides graphic abstracts of 8,517 articles, proofed and verified by original authors to assure accuracy and completeness. PLUS RAPID-SEARCH INDEXES prepared on high speed, electronic computers MOLECULAR FORMULA INDEX locates a specific formula quickly JOURNAL I NDEX provides complete source publication data for all articles AUTHOR INDEX lists alphabetically all authors of every paper processed ROTAFORM INDEX offers a unique approach to the generic retrieval of chemical classes with entry points from every element

DECEMBER 1964 1 Ldor Partu Is the Aooarent Victor in British Election 1

All our yesterdays are available to vou

Every issue of The New York Times since its The cost? A year's subscription, starting with the founding in 1851 is preserved on easy-to-handle, current month, is $265-about $5 a week. Prices space-saving microfilm.. .a great reference vary for back years. We'll be glad to send you a source for your library and staff. complete price list.

The 19th and 20th century issues are not only Think about it. It's an investment that will add fascinating to read; they are indispensable to any new value and stature to your library.. .whether study of modern times. And the current file of- you want one year or all the years of The New fers quick, easy access to all the facts and back- York Times on Microfilm. ground on recent events. (You get a new reel of The New York Times film every 10 days!) Library Services Department. Times Square, New York. N Y 10036

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ATTENTION LIBRARIANS !! Important Russian Instrumentation Journals Available in Cover-to-Cover Translation These four scientific and engineering journals have been judged by professionals in the instrumentation field to be the outstanding Soviet publications in instrumentation. Automation and Remote Control Monthly; mathematically oriented, emphasizing stability and opti- mization of automatic control systems. Instruments and Experimental Techniques Bi-monthly; devoted primarily to nuclear research and associated instrumentation. Measurement Techniques Monthly; covers measurement of physical variables plus test and calibration of measurement and recording instruments. Industrial Laboratory Monthly; devoted to methods of chemical analysis, physical investigation, and mechanical test.

Subscriptions: U.S. Other Countries ARC $ 45.00 $ 60.00 IET 35.00 48.00 MT 25.00 35.00 IL 45.00 60.00 Combination $135.00 $183.00

Back Issues: ARC: from 1957, except 1960 IET: from 1958, except 1961 MT: from 1958 IL: from 1958 Complete volumes of back issues will be sold at the same price as current volumes. Sample copies are available to librarians writing on organizational letterhead.

Instrument Society of America, Department R2 530 William Penn Place, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania 15219

DECEMBER 1964 For the SLA Directory of Members As of July 15, 1964 special Members $2.50 library- Nonmembers $1 0.00 (Specify Member's Name When Ordering) An alphabetical listing of 5,962 Sustain- ing and individual members of SLA- CONTEMPORARY names, titles, company names or home addresses, and codes identifying mem- QUOTATIONS bers' Association affiliations and classes of membership. Compiled by James B. Simpson Supplementary material contains 1964-65 "Just the book to delight all research Association, Chapter, and Division Offi- workers and librarians."-MILDRED cers, Committee Chairmen, Special Rep- L. JOY, Chief Librarian, National resentatives, staff, Hall of Fame mem- Broadcasting Company. A treasury of bers, Professional Award winners, and notable quotes since 1950; observations Past-Presidents as well as SLA Bylaws. on a wide range of topics, by states- men, educators, entertainers, writers, religious leaders, social critics, and the Special Libraries Association man in the street. Its more than 2,400 31 East 10th Street, New York 10003 quotations are arranged by subject, identified by occasion of utterance, SLA Is United States Sales Representative for and indexed by author and subject. Selected Aslib Publications 500 pages. $6.95 DICTIONARY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE Compiled by Donald T. Clark and Bert A. Gottfried "A must for even a one-foot shelf of business books. . . . The compilers are experienced men who realize the needs of business for accuracy in meaning of business words and phrases."-Library Journal. Absolutely LOW COST PERIODICAL accurate, up-to-date, and organized to AND PAMPHLET FILES give information quickly, this invalu- ALL SIZES SAME PRICE able book covers every field of busi- $3.18 per doz. any assortment desired. ness: accounting, advertising, banking, 12 doz. or more, $2.88 per doz. commodities, export, government, publishing, investments, labor, law, ship- FREE SAMPLE MAGAFILE sent upon request. You will receive it by return ping, the stock market, and many mail along with handy size-chart and others. Ten appendixes contain tables, additional details. NO obligation or sales- many available nowhere else. 409 man follow-up. pages. $6.95 THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY 201 Park Avenue South THE MAGAFILE CO. New York, N. Y. 10003 P. 0. BOX 3121 ST. LOUIS 30. MO.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES A NEW REPRINT U. S. Department of State Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States. With the annual message of the President Also known as: Foreign Relations (MWL658)

Years 1861.1942 . Washington, D . C . 1861-1956 (including General lndex for the years 1861.1899. Appendices and Supplements) Cloth bound set ...... $6.400.00 Paper bound set ...5,800.00 Per year. paper bound Available Spring 1965 Auailable Fa11 1965 Year 1861 ...... Year1905 ...... Year 1862 (in 2 parts) Year1906(in2parts) ... Year 1863 (in 2 parts) Year 1907 (in 2 parts) ... Year 1864 (in 4 parts) Year1908 ...... Year 1865 (in 4 parts) Year1909 ...... Year 1866 (in 3 parts) Year 1910 ...... Year 1867 (in 2 parts) Year 1911 ...... Year 1868 (in 2 parts) Year 1912 ...... Year 1870 ...... Year 1913 ...... Year 1871 ...... Year 1914 (in 2 parts) ... Year 1872 (in 6 parts) Year 1915 (in 2 parts) ... Year 1873 (in 3 parts) Yearl916(inZparts) ... Year 1874 ...... Year 1917 (in 4 parts) ... Year 1875 (in 2 parts) Year 1918 (in 7 parts) ... Year 1876 ...... Year 1919 (in 16 parts) . . Year 1877 (in 2 parts) Year 1920 (in 3 parts) ... Year 1878 ...... Year 1921 (in 2 parts) ... Year 1879 ...... Year 1922 (in 2 parts) ... Year 1880 ...... Yearl923(in2 parts) ... Year 1881 ...... Yearl924(in2parts) ... Year 1882 ...... Yearl925(inZparts) ... Year 1883 ...... Yearl926(in2parts) ... Year 1884 ...... Year 1927 (in 3 parts) ... Year 1885 ...... Year 1928 (in 3 parts) ... Year 1886 ...... YearlgZg(in3parts) ... Year 1887 ...... Year 1930 (in 3 parts) ... Year 1888 (in 2 parts) Year 1931 (in 5 parts) ... Year 1889 ...... Yearl932(in5parts) ... Year 1890 ...... Year 1933 (in 5 parts) ... Year 1891 ...... Year 1934 (in 5 parts) ... Year 1892 ...... Year 1935 (in 4 parts) ... Year 1893 ...... Yearl936(inSparts) ... Year 1894 (in 3 parts) Year1937(in 5parts) ... Year 1895 (in 2 parts) Year 1938 (in 5 parts) ... Year 1896 ...... Yearl939(in5parts) ... Year 1897 ...... Year 1940 Iin 5 ~arts) ... Year 1898 ...... Year 1941 (in 7 parts) ...... 190.00 Year 1899 ...... Year 1942 (in 7 parts) ...... 180.00 Year 1900 ...... Supplement: 1914/1920 (Lansing Year 1901 (in 2 parts) Papers) Paper bound in Year 1902 (in 3 parts) 2 parts ...... 42.00 Year 1903 ...... General lndex to Years 1861-1899 Year 1904 ...... Paper bound ...... 30.00 107; discount for orders received prior to April 1. 1965

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.+ow "be 1964 PUBLICATIONS from 'j "# ...+.. SPECIALLIBRARIES 31 East 10th Street, New York, N. Y. 10003 ASSOCIATION

Picture Sources, Second Edition Celestine G. Frankenberg, Editor Commercial, library, government, industrial, trade association, and other sources of pictures are described in 703 entries giving address, telephone, name of person in charge, size and type of collection, and conditions of use. Includes "Picture- Finding Tools" for each general category, alphabetical, geographical, and subject indexes, and a visible thumb index. 224 p. $6.75 Subject Headings in Advertising, Marketing, and Communications Media Elin B. Christianson and Edward G. Strable, Cornpilet-s Principal headings give a detailed analysis of the field for subject cataloging and indexing, while 132 basic file folder headings present broad coverage for vertical files. List of common sub-headings facilitates further breakdown. Instructions are set forth in "Practical Suggestions for the Beginner." Spacious format permits users to add their own notations. 96 p. $5.95

SLA Is United States Sales Representative for Selected Aslib Publications

SPECIAL LIBRARIES .. on record players EVALUATION OF RECORD PLAYERS FOR LIBRARIES, SERIES 11-Library Tech Project's second appraisal of 1 machines equipped with ear- phones. General discussion o record player components Ratings, complete specifications, prices, and photos for all machines. LTP Publication No. 8 ....$6.00 on photocopiers PHOTOCOPYING FROM BOUN VOLUMES, SUPPLEMENT No. 3 Evaluates 6 recent machines t update LTP's basic study of photocopying equipment, procedures, and materials ...$5.00 Original report ....$5.00 Supplements 1 and 2, each ...... $2.00 .on other vital library subjects PROTECTING THE LIBRARY AND ITS RESOURCES- Reduction of fire and other hazards, by eminent fire protection engineers; guide to proper insurance ...... $6.00 ENLARGED PRINTS FROM LIBRARY MICROFORMS - A study, in depth, of available reader-printers for handling all microforms in library use today ...... $4.00 STUDY OF CIRCULATION CONTROL SYSTEMS - Including selection manuals for public, college and university, and special libraries ...... $2.50 DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR LIBRARY BINDING, PHASE I - Survey team report identifies, defines principal categories of library binding needing performance standards, specifications and acceptance tests ..... $1.00

AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 50 East Huron St., Chicago, Illinois 60611

DECEMBER 1964 BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

Read the best British journal for complete coverage of research in medical science and trends in clinical medicine throughout the world. Published weekly. Annual Subscription $15.00.

The British Medical Journal publishes also a number of specialist journals the following of which are listed below for your particular attention.

BRITISH HEART JOURNAL. The Official Journal of the British Cardiac Society. Covers all aspects of cardiology, including anatomy, physiology, and pathology. One of the foremost cardiological journals in the English language. Annual Subscription (six issues a year), $14.00 fin 1965). GUT. The Journal of the British Society of Gastroenterology. Covers the whole field of gastroenterology-alimentary, hepatic and pancreatic disease and papers may cover the medical, surgical, radiological or pathological aspects. Annual Subscription (six issues a year), $14.00 (in 1965). JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY. The Journal of bhe As- sociation of Clinical Pathologists. Publishes specially commissioned articles on each branch of pathology with prominence given to its clinical application. Technical methods; notes on new or improved apparatus; book reviews. Annual Subscription (six issues a year), $14.00 (in 1965). THORAX. The Official Journal of the Thoracic Society. Publishes original work on diseases of the chest relevant anatomical and physiological studies by authors in Great Britain and many other countries. Annual Subscription (six issues a year), $14.00 (in 1965). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. A new journal publishing articles on clinical, statistical, pathological, cytological and bio-chemical aspects of medical genetics. Published Quarterly. Annual Subscription $10.00. BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE. Authoritative papers on all aspects of occupational medicine, e.g. the pneumoconioses, occupational cancers, industrial toxicology and psychology. Published Quarterly. Annual Subscription $10.00. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VENEREAL DISEASES fulfils the need for a journal devoted entirely to the world-wide problem of the treatment and control of venereal diseases. Its subject matter is contributed by authors throughout the world. Published Quurterly. Annual Sub- scription $10.00. ABSTRACTS OF WORLD MEDICINE. This journal provides critical abstracts selected from 1,500 of the world's leading medical journals. In addition the 'ABSTRACTS' publishes a series of Review Articles. Published from time to time, each will deal with one of the 'growing points' of medicine. Published Monthly. Annual Subscription $18.00.

These famous journals should be included in every medical library. ORDER YOUR SUBSCRIPTION NO W

Subscription orders only: All enquiries to The Publisher, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 80 Brighton Avenue, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, Boston, Mass. 02134 London, W.C. 1, England.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES OfficialJournal Special Libraries Association

Volume 35, No. 10 CONTENTS December 1964

Preface to the Standards for Special Libraries WILLIAMS. BUDINGTON 671

Objectives and Standards for Special Libraries 6 72

Reference Data for Government Contractors RICHARDS. HULEATT 680

Analysis of Library Systems: A Bibliography LORRAINEPRATT 688

Some Observations on the Performance of EJC Role Indicators in a Mechanized Retrieval System F. W. LANCASTER696

Current Concentrates of the Library World 702

SDC Develops New Book Purchasing System W. J. CONDONAND C. E. DENT 703

Abstracts of Eastern European Library Literature 705

Hans Peter Luhn Memorial Meeting RALPHC. SIMON 706

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION

Southern California H. W. Wilson Company Chapter Award Entry, 1964 693

Nominations for SLA Hall of Fame 1965 701

NEWS Have You Heard

Off the Press 709

Editor: MARYL. ALLISON SPEUALLIBRARIES COMMITTEE Assistant Editor: EDYTHEC. PORPA Chairman: ROBERTG. KRUPP Consultants: ALBERTAL. BROWN HOWARDB. BENTLEY DR. I. A. WARHEIT MRS.ELIZABETH R. USHER Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES express the views of the authors and do not represent the opinion or the policy of the editorial staff or the publisher. Manuscripts submitted for publication must be typed double space on only one side of paper and mailed to the editor. Reprints may be ordered immediately before or after publication. Subscriptions: U. S. $10; foreign, $11; single copies, $1.50. O by Special Libraries Associ- ation 1964. INDEXED IN Business Periodicals Index, Public Affairs Information Service, I-zbrary Literature. Management Index and Library Science A b~tracts. University Microfilms puts 75,000 Doctoral Dissertations at your fingertips.

Now you can offera complete reference library of the research that's being done at most of the leading universities and colleges in the country.

Every month, University Microfilms We can also give you a complete copy publishes Dissertation Abstracts. This of any dissertation listed in Dissertation publication contains abstracts of every Abstracts. You have your choice of either dissertation received monthly from 150 microfilm or hard copy. Positive micro- colleges and universities. film will cost you about 1%cents a page. These abstracts are written by the Or you can get a xerographic copy of the candidates. They cover mathematics, original for about 41/2 cents a page. sciences, social sciences, and the human- To start your subscription, or for ities. They are indexed by expert cata- more information about this service, loguers from the Library of Congress. simply fill out the coupon and mail it to us. All in all, we've published more than 75,000 abstracts in the past twenty- I seven years. All of the back issues are ; 17 Please start our subscription to available in bound volumes at a special I Dissertation Abstracts. price. You can subscribe to the current I issues of Dissertation Abstracts for Please send additional information. I $60.00 a year. I : NAME I I : ADDRESS I I I CITY STATE- I UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. Ttb1 n 313 NQRTH FIRST STREET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN : A subsid~aryo~ Seroz Corporation. F I I I I Preface to the Standards For Specia I Libraries NE OBJECTIVE OF SPECIALLIBRARIES ASSOCIATION, as stated in its By- 0 laws, is the promotion of high professional standards. This relates to the competence and endeavor of individual members; it also pertains to the char- acteristics and performance of service units and organizations that are called such names as special libraries or information centers. Achievement of excellence can be assisted by measuring devices. At the Association's 50th annual convention in 1959, its Professional Standards Committee took initial steps toward provision of such assistance. The standards as here presented are not intended as a manual of operation. Neither do they set forth (except by inferace) specific quantitative measures which, if followed, give automatic excellence. Following the precedent of accreditation and other similar standards, the qualities to be sought are presented instead, in a context that will point the way to their attainment. In operations of such variable parameters as special libraries, it is otherwise im- possible to achieve any degree of empirical validity. It is intended that senior organizational management be given a clear guide to the elements which are present in a successful special library; the degree to which these elements are supported is directly related to the quality of operation. It is hoped that this document will be of value to organizations considering establishment of a special library; to those reorganizing an existing facility; to professional library consultants in supporting their recommendations; to students of librarianship and information science; and to special librarians in their dialogues with executives of parent organizations. It should be under- stood that the phrase "special library" is not meant as strictly exclusive; the concept of "information center" as presently developing is to be read into this picture as well. Revision in the light of experience with these standards is planned. Acknowledgment and thanks are certainly due to many individuals-far too numerous to list. Many Association members participated in Chapter and Division committees which prepared early drafts. Additional dozens completed the fact-finding survey questionnaire on which "profiles" of typical operations are being constructed; these profiles will be available later in a separate Association publication. The advisory committee to which succeeding drafts were submitted offered essential advice and modification. as did members of the Association's Advisory Council, which twice discussed the pro-

I~osed standards. The successive Chairmen of the Professional Standards Com- mittee deserve particular gratitude: at the inception, Samuel Sass (Genera1 Electric Company, Pittsfield, Massachusetts) and during the completion, Agnes Brite (New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, Boston, Massa- chusetts). Final was greatly aided by the editdrial assistance of Mary Allison. The key figure in the culmination of all effort was Professor Ruth S. Leonard (School of Library Science, Simmons College, Boston, Mas- sachusetts), whose devoted concern and constancy under pressure provided the writing of the final draft, approved September 25, 1964, by the Associa- tion's Board of Directors. %&om S. Bccdin#an President, Special Libraries Association DECEMBER 1964 Objectives and Standards For Special Libraries

I: Objectives functions of the special library are specified below. THE SPECIALLIBRARY IS A MAJORSOURCE OF INFORMATIONIN THE ORGANIZATION IT SERVES. The special library staff is responsible for providing the library materials and services designed to meet the information require- These functions are to: ments of the library's clientele in fields pertinent to the purposes and work of the or- 1. Determine library policies consistent with ganization. the objectives of the organization. 2. Represent the library in the organization's THESPECIAL LIBRARY ACQUIRES, ORGAN- administrative and planning sessions for the IZES, MAINTAINS,UTILIZES, AND DISSEMI- purpose of effecting changes in the library's NATES INFORMATIONALMATERIALS GER- operation. MANE TO THE ORGANIZATION'SACTIVITIES. 3. Interview and make final selection of all The special library acquires materials and applicants for positions on the library staff information for the organization's current in coo~erationwith the res~onsibleadminis- and future needs. These materials must be trative officer. organized for the most effective use by the 4. Suggest salary ranges for the library staff library's clientele and staff. The library staff, and evaluate performance in accordance with when aware of the interests of its clientele, organization policy. can bring pertinent materials and informa- 5. Train and supervise all staff members. tion to the attention of users before they are 6. Prepare job iescriptions that define duties, requested or in direct response to requests. responsibilities, and requirements of all po- Resources outside the library can also be sitions. called upon to answer users' needs. 7. Maintain effective communication with and among all staff members and keep them THE SPECIALLIBRARY SERVES ALL WHO informed about -.policy matters that affect HAVEAPPROPRIATE NEED OF ITS SERVICES. their work. The objectives of the library regarding 8. Provide for staff participation in interpret- whom it is to serve and the services it is to ing the library's policies and services to the provide should be clearly delineated, prefer- organization. ably in writing. To be effective, these respon- 9. Establish procedures for all operations sibilities must be reviewed periodically and essential for the efficient management of the revised in accordance with changes in the library. organization's activities and advances in li- 10. Institute policies and assume responsi- brary and information technology. bility for acquisitions, organization, and maintenance of the library's collection (Sec- II: Staff tion 111). The quality of the special library's person- 11. Plan, organize, and evaluate the library's nel is the most important factor in the ef- services (Section IV) . fectiveness of the library as an information 12. Work with architects and planning spe- center for an organization. The responsibil- cialists on problems relating to space and ities and qualifications of personnel who are equipment requirements of the library (Sec- competent to carry out the objectives and tion V) . SPECIAL LIBRARIES 13. Plan and justify a budget (Secton VI) . of users' needs, and knowledge of reference 14. Perform or supervise the services de- and bibliographic methodology and the prin- scribed in Section IV. ciples of cataloging and classification. THE SPECIAL LIBRARY ADMINISTRATORSTAFF LIBRARIANS SHOULDBE PROFES- SHOULD BE A PROFESSIONALLIBRARIAN SIONAL LIBRARIANS WHO CAN MEETCER- WHOCAN, BY VIRTUEOF HIS EDUCATION TAIN QUALIFICATIONSIN EDUCATION AND OR SUBJECT SPECIALTY, EXPERIENCE, AND EXPERIENCE. PERSONALQUALIFICATIONS, SUCCESSFULLY A staff librarian should hold a degree CARRYOUT THE OBJECTIVESAND FUNC- from a library school of recognized standing, TIONS OF THE SPECIALLIBRARY. or he must have demonstrated the ability to The administrator of a special library adapt his subject or technical background to should hold a degree from a library school professional responsibilities through at least of recognized standing and have three years three years of experience in a special library. of professional experience in a special library; or, he should be a subject specialist SPECIALISTS OTHERTHAN LIBRARIANS MAY in the field pertinent to the organization's BE PARTOF THE PROFESSIONALLIBRARY work who has demonstrated his professional STAFF. competence through at least three years of In large special library systems, optimum professional experience in a special library. efficiency is attained through the employment A combination of formal subject training of personnel who specialize in one or more and education in librarianship is desirable. of the services provided. In addition to sub- The special library administrator must ject knowledge, usually on an advanced have administrative ability and a knowledge level in the subject field pertinent to the of, or an aptitude toward, an organization's organization, they require other special skills. functions and special areas of activity. Other The special positions described below may qualifications include analytical ability, ca- be filled by staff members who may or may pacity for investigation, and perseverance not be librarians. and thoroughness in searching for facts and The Literature Searcher utilizes his knowl- information. Personal qualifications include edge of the organization of the subject lit- judgment of a high order, flexibility, tact, erature and of the literature itself to make poise, and initiative. These qualifications are systematic searches, to locate specific facts, or important for all librarians. to compile bibliographies. Formal library or bibliographic training is an asset in the effi- THESPECIAL LIBRARY ADMINISTRATORMAY cient use and interpretation of the library DELEGATETO STAFF LIBRARIANS ADMIN- collections, in organizing the results in bib- ISTRATIVE AND SUPERVISORY DUTIESAND liographic form, and in writing reports of PROFESSIONALRESPONSIBILITIES. investigations. When several librarians are on the staff, The Tran~latorwho is proficient in one or they may be charged with one or more of more foreign languages translates articles, these responsibilities: 1) selection of mate- reports, correspondence, and other material rials in special fields; 2) adaptation and im- into English. plementation of cataloging, indexing, and :lassification principles and procedures ap- The Abstractor uses his writing and analyti- propriate to the library's collections; 3) ref- cal abilities to summarize the essential fac- xence and bibliographic services; and 4) tual content of articles and reports for card upervision of library assistants, trainees, indexes and abstract bulletins. znd clerical staff. The Indexer analyzes publications in depth Such responsibilities require knowledge of by using special subject heading lists, the- he subject literature and its organization, sauri of descriptors, or special vocabulary :omprehension of the library's resources, systems developed for storage and retrieval ~bilityto interpret the collection in the light by computer or other means. The indexer DECEMBER 1964 may also develop codes for machine index- sonal qualifications needed in the jobs they ing. fill.

The Information Spems Specialist investi- THE PROPORTIONOF NONPROFESSIONAL gates new and changing techniques for STAFF TO PROFESSIONALSTAFF DEPENDS handling information, particularly in the UPON THE NUMBEROF PROFESSIONAL areas of computer programs, microdocumen- STAFF, THE SIZE OF THE COLLECTION,THE tation, flow charting, and statistical analy- NATUREOF THE SERVICES,AND THE QUAN- sis. TITY OF RECORDSMAINTAINED. PROFESSIONALSTAFF MEMBERSHAVE A To meet minimum standards, a division CONTINUINGRESPONSIBILITY IN FURTHER- of professional and nonprofessional func- ING THEIREDUCATION. tions is necessary. The special library must In addition to being informed on current have at least one professionally qualified developments in librarianship and informa- librarian and one clerical worker. The rec- tion technology, staff members should be ommended ratio of nonprofessional staff to encouraged and supported in programs of professional staff is three to two.1 As the study and reading in the fields of knowledge library expands its collection and services, related to the organization they serve. In the special library administrator is responsi- some instances this program should take ble for recommending the addition of both the form of formal courses; in others, self- professional and clerical personnel. study may be appropriate. Ill: Collection The special library's collection consists of the information sources that are acquired. organized, and administered for use by or in behalf of the library's clientele. Staff members should be encouraged to Physically, the collection may include a contribute to their fields by engaging in variety of forms and types of materials, not committee work, holding office, and attend- all of which are appropriate to a particular ing local and national meetings. Professional special library; books, pamphlets, preprints, responsibilities include the communication reprints, translations, dissertations and the- of ideas and experiences through published ses; periodicals, newspapers, press releases, papers and conference presentations. indexing, abstracting, and other services, transactions, yearbooks, reports, directories NONPROFESSIONALSTAFF ARE RESPONSI- of organizations; external and internal tech- BLE FOR THE CLERICALTASKS THAT SUP- nical reDorts:a, research and laboratorv PORT THE PROFESSIONALSTAFF'S WORK. notebooks, archival materials; patents, trade- Some of the duties typically performed by marks, specifications and standards ; audio- clerical staff members are the following: or- visual &terials (photographs, slides, pic- dering publications, checking in and routing tures, motion pictures, filmstrips, tape and periodicals, circulating materials, filing pub- disc recordings)- ; and special collections lications, cards, etc., preparing material for (maps, sheet music, manuscripts, catalogs, binding, performing photoduplication and legislative materials, clippings, microforms). messenger work, maintaining and requisitioning supplies, assisting in technical proc- THE SUBJECTCOVERAGE OF THE SPECIAL essing, and secretarial work. LIBRARY'SCOLLECTION IS INTENSIVEAND Clerical staff members should have a high EXTENSIVEENOUGH TO MEETTHE CUR- school education as a minimum and be RENT AND ANTICIPATEDINFORMATION RE- formally trained in the use of typewriters QUIREMENTS OF THE LIBRARY'SCLIENTELE. and other business machines such as key The library's collection includes all basic, punch. They should be selected with specific frequently used, and potentially useful ma- reference to the technical skills and per- terials. The range of subjects covered is SPECIAL LIBRARIES determined by the objectives of the orga- sound business practices and well-organized nization; the depth of subject coverage in acquisition records. each field is governed by the nature of the Libraries in organizations that issue pub- organization's work. The special library ad- lications may set up a program for the ex- ministrator continually evaluates the scope change of publications with other organiza- and adequacy of the collection in the light tions. Procurement of individual titles or of changes in emphasis or new dvelopments volumes on an exchange basis may be ac- in the organization's activities. Centralizing complished through a central clearinghouse pertinent materials in the library, rather than or through cooperative arrangements with scattering them in office collections, is im- individual libraries or institutions. Both so- portant in effecting the basic goal of general licited and unsolicited gifts that add strength accessibility of all sources of information. to the collection are desirable, provided no Occasional use of outside resources is neces- restrictions concerning their use or disposi- sary and desirable, but the criterion of im- tion are imposed. mediate availability of materials demands The special library administrator can an- major reliance upon the library's own re- ticipate information needs if he is kept in- sources. General reference works that sup- formed about all activities and future plans plement the library's special collections of his organization. Participation in plan- broaden the scope of the library's informa- ning sessions and discussions with subject tion services. specialists in the organization are essential to a continuing acquisition policy. THESIZE OF A SPECIALLIBRARY COLLEC- TION DEPENDSUPON THE AMOUNT OF THE SPECIALLIBRARY STAFF IS RESPONSI- MATERIALAVAILABLE THAT IS PERTINENT BLE FOR THE EFFICIENTORGANIZATION OF TO THE ORGANIZATION'SSPECIAL NEEDS. MATERIALSAND FOR MAKING AVAILABLE The purpose and use of the special li- THE CATALOGS,INDEXES, AND GUIDES brary's collection influence its size. Some NEEDEDFOR PROMPTACCESS TO THE MA- libraries need large reference collections, TERIALS AND THE INFORMATIONCON- multiple copies, and works that have histori- TAINED IN THEM. cal value; others have highly selective col- Basically, effective organization and con- lections, keep currently useful literature only, trol of materials require: 1) identification or and retain only in microform older periodical bibliographic description of each item; 2) sets and items of decreasing usefulness. subject or content analysis; and 3) classifica- Many libraries discard little used materials tion or provision for logical physical ar- if they are available in the area. The rate rangement of the collections. and direction of growth of the library's Policies and procedures for making mate- collection should reflect the continuing re- rials and information accessible differ ac- quirements of the library's clientele. cording to physical form, subject content, and use. Standard systems and procedures in ACQUISITIONPOLICIES OF A SPECIAL LI- cataloging and classification can sometimes BRARY MUSTBE ESTABLISHEDWITHIN THE be used, especially for book collections. FRAMEWORKOF THE LIBRARY'SSTATED Modifications of the basic principles of de- OBJECTIVES. scriptive and subject cataloging and classi- The special library administrator is re- fication may be needed, however, for many sponsible for establishing specific acquisi- special collections. The nature of information policies pertaining to depth and extent tional sources in special libraries often re- of subject coverage, types of materials, gifts, quires the creation of unique and special and exchanges. He is constantly alert to systems. new sources for procuring special materials Access to some parts of the collection and and he systematically reviews all announce- to special information may be through pub- ments and listings of published materials. lished indexes and abstracts. In many cases, An efficient acquisition program requires a library must create its own indexing sys- DECEMBER 1964 tems to meet its organization's own special braries, or the library may arrange for an needs. Greater efficiency may be attained outside agency to conduct a literature search. through the use of new tools such as elec- To meet current and future needs the tronic data processing machines. special library staff may on its own initiative prepare selective or comprehensive bibli- IV: Services ographies, with annotations or abstracts. The special library functions as a service When commercial indexing and abstracting unit that provides information to further services are inadequate for a particular the objectives of the organization it serves. library's needs, the special library staff com- Its total service program is a dynamic one piles continuing bibliographies, indexes, ab- in which the staff anticipates needs and stracts, or digests of pertinent current litera- often obtains and presents pertinent informa- ture as an efficient means of providing its tion and materials before they are requested. clientele with needed information. Provision It achieves its objective through reference of speciaI indexes to sources of information and bibliographic services, flexible policies and to specific data is also an important concerning loans and distribution of library reference function. materials, efficient dissemination of information, and other activities that encourage pro- THE SPECIALLIBRARY LENDS ITS MATERI- ductive use of the library's resources. ALS, WITH THE POSSIBLEEXCEPTION OF REFERENCESOURCES AND OTHER DESIG- NATED RESTRICTEDITEMS. The library's loan service includes an efficient charging and recall system, with provision for filling clients' requests promptly. Inquiries can take the form of requests Loan policy must be flexible enough to per- for particular publications, for specific facts mit maximum use of materials. The library or data, or for information on explicit sub- may have a separate document control sys- jects. The special library staff selects and tem for classified technical reports and other assesses materials relevant to an individual's restricted library materials. need. The special library's reference service As a substitute for lending individual relies upon the staffs special knowledge and items, the library may provide photocopies. experience, their knowledge of the subject It is essential that the library comply with interests and working methods of the li- "fair use" practices as applied to copyright brary's clientele, the library's collection, and material. agencies or individuals outside the organization that can supplement the library's re- THE SPECIALLIBRARY PROVIDES PROMPT sources. Answers to requests may involve a TRANSLATIONSERVICE. time span of several minutes to several hours, If a translation requested is not readily or longer. available, the special library calls upon a qualified staff member or a commercial trans- REFERENCESERVICES INCLUDE LITERATURE lation service to furnish it. SEARCHING,COMPILING BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ABSTRACTING,AND INDEXING. NEEDEDPUBLICATIONS THAT ARE UNA- Literature searches conducted in response VAILABLE IN THE LIBRARYOR IN THE OR- to specific requests may result in a selected GANIZATION MAY BE OBTAINEDFROM AN- or comprehensive list of references, a formal OTHER LIBRARYOR INSTITUTION. bibliography, a report of the information ob- Special libraries in communities that have tained, or collected publications for exam- large general library resources may depend ination. Guidance may be offered to a client upon other libraries for materials of periph- who wishes to perform his own literature eral subject interest. The staff is responsi- search. When necessary, the literature ble for maintaining detailed information searcher may use the resources of other li- about sources for all types of materials and SPECIAL LIBRARIES for establishing a cooperative, reciprocal in- cized in appropriate publications including terlibrary loan program with other libraries, library bulletins or the organization's news- in accordance with the American Library As- letter or employee publication. Orientation sociation Interlibrary Loan Code. Libraries of new personnel in the organization may or other institutions may prefer to furnish include personal instruction or distribution library materials as photocopy or in micro- of a brochure describing the library's hold- form rather than lend original publications. ings and services.

AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM FOR MAXIMUM V: Physical Facilities UTILIZATIONOF CURRENTPERIODICAL LIT- The special library needs adequate facili- ERATURE IS AN INTEGRALPART OF THE ties in a physical environment conducive to SPECIALLIBRARY'S SERVICE PROGRAM. optimum use of the library's collections and The system adopted will depend upon services. In planning a new library or a the nature and extent of periodical use, relocation or expansion of existing quarters, number of users, and other local factors. One the best results can be achieved through di- or more of the following systems may be rect consultation between the special library appropriate: display of periodicals in the administrator and the space-planning group library, prompt routing on a regular basis of the organization. The special library ad- to spccific individuals, routing or distribu- ministrator is responsible for a precise and tion of tables of contents pages, distribution realistic statement of the physical require- of a selected list of articles or an abstract ments for collections, services, and staff ac- bulletin, or purchase of multiple subscrip- tivities. tions for individuals or groups. Many organizations pay for employees' Location memberships in societies through which THE SPECIALLIBRARY SHOULD BE CON- journals and other publications are received. VENIENTLY LOCATEDFOR ITSUSERS. It is often possible for the library to enlarge Direct contact between clients and the li- its collection by making arrangements with brary is usually necessary, although other such individuals to utilize these publications. means of communication may be used ef- CONSULTINGACTIVITIES MAY BE ADDED fectively. RESPONSIBILITIESFOR THE SPECIALLIBRARY LONG-TERMPLANNING FOR THE LOCATION STAFF. OF THE SPECIALLIBRARY IS IMPORTANT. As information specialists in the organi- Initial choice of the library's location must zation, professional staff members may act permit space expansion for at least five as consultants to individuals or groups who years. As an organization grows, the scope are concerned with organizing personal in- and activity of its library may also increase. formation files or retrieval systems. The staff Anticipation of this growth factor will elim- may also assist research workers by suggest- inate the necessity of frequent moving of ing other sources or agencies for materials equipment and materials inherently diffi- and information beyond the scope of the cult to move. library's own resources. PROVISIONSFOR THE SAFETYOF LIBRARY THE SPECIALLIBRARY IS RESPONSIBLEFOR MATERIALSAND FOR EFFECTIVEWORKING INFORMINGITS CLIENTELEOF ITS RE- CONDITIONSFOR STAFF AND USERS ARE SOURCES. NECESSARY. Specific items of special pertinence can be The special library administrator, in con- brought to the attention of individuals sultation with the architect and engineer, through the display of materials, direct rout- must plan for the particular structural and ing, acquisition lists of new materials, installation features necessary for the li- selective lists, and other bulletins. New serv- brary's service program. Special attention to ices provided by the staff should be publi- the following is required: I) floor loads DECEMBER 1964 within structural allowances; 2) quarters Adequate table space in a quiet area free from machinery vibrations, outside must be provided for individuals who use noise, and odors; 3) adequate ventilation the library for reading, study, or research. and moisture control for the preservation of Provision for individual study tables or car- library materials; 4) proper quantity and rels and for ready access to current issues of quality of illumination for reading, study, periodicals is also desirable. and reference use of library materials; 5) appropriate placement of outlets for electric equipment; and 6) the control of sound by acoustical treatment of ceilings, floors, The stack area for the book and periodical and partitions. collections must be conveniently located and open for reader use. For security and proprie- Space and Equipment tary reasons, a separate area to which limited access is provided may be required for tech- The layout of a functional, efficient li- nical reports, classified documents, labora- brary is the joint responsibility of the special tory notebooks, rare books, or archival ma- library administrator and the space-planning terials. group of the organization. Allocations of The special library administrator can esti- space vary, but they must allow for three mate present shelf requirements on the basis major fields of activity: 1) space for the of standard formulas (see Appendix). He library's service functions, e.g., reference, sets up retention and discard schedules, esti- reading and study, loan services; 2) space mates the growth rate of the collection, and for storage, e.g., shelving and filing of the forecasts the number of additional shelves library's collections; and 3) space for tech- needed within a given time. If less used ma- nical processes, e.g., acquisition, cataloging, terials are retained, they may be stored in a etc. separate stack area where space may be less The amount of floor space and specific valuable or floor load allowance greater. requirements for each function are calcu- A variety of library materials may be lated on the basis of standard specifications stored in filing cabinets. Special equipment (see Appendix) and on the knowledge and for filing informational materials other experience of the special library administra- than those in conventional "book" form is tor. He can also recommend both standard necessary. library equipment and equipment of special design. The amount of office space needed de- The reference functions of the library re- pends in large part upon the number of the quire equipment for the library's reference professional and clerical staff who perform resources in a convenient location with ade- the "behind-the-scenes" functions of the li- quate space to facilitate their use. Desk brary. This area is used for the acquisition, space for reference personnel, space for cata- cataloging, classification, and indexing of logs, indexes, and other special equipment, library materials, physical processing of the e.g., dictionary and atlas stands and file cab- materials, preparation of books and periodi- inets, for parts of the reference collection cals for binding, and general clerical and are also needed. secretarial work. It should be located where Necessary equipment includes a separate the necessary noise and movement will not service desk for the loan and return of li- be distracting to the library's clients. Ample brary materials. Microfilm and Microcard desk, table, counter, cabinet, shelf, and aisle readers and photocopiers for the use of staff space, and appropriate placement of equip- and clientele may be located in the reference ment are necessary to provide efficient work- and loan service areas or in an adjacent par- ing conditions for the professional and cleri- titioned space. cal staff.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES VI: Budget any case, he maintains close liaison with the organization's accounting department or busi- THEBUDGET OF A SPECIALLIBRARY SHOULD ness office. BE BASEDON RECOMMENDATIONSOF THE SPECIALLIBRARY ADMINISTRATOR. Appendix: Standard Specifications The initial analysis of the library's respon- STACKAND OTHERSHELF AREAS sibilities and recommendations for budgetary support should come from the library ad- Live load for shelving and books: 150 ministrator, whether the library has a sepa- pounds per square foot3 rate budget or the allocations are part of the Dimensions of shelving budget of a larger unit. The final budget is Height the joint responsibility of the library admin- 7y2 feet: 7 shelves istrator and his immediate superior. They 3% feet (counter height) : 3 shelves must agree upon the desired scope and extent Width of shelf: 3 feet of the library's services and the estimated Depth of shelf: 8, 10, 12 inches and allowable costs of those services in terms of staff, library materials, supplies, operat- Stack area ing expenses, and professional association Each section: 7 shelves (3 feet wide) expenses. Each range: no more than 5 double-faced sections or 15 feet Minimum aisle space between ranges of parallel stacks: 3 feet Shelf requirements Number of volumes per foot: The follow-

If a s~ecialL librarv meets the standards for ing figures taken from suggestions of staff, library materials, and services, the por- three manufacturers of shelving as tion of the library budget assigned to salaries quoted by Randal14 show the average will normallv fall within the 60-79 ver cent number of books or periodical volumes range,2 provided overhead is not charged to that occupy one foot of shelf space. the library budget. This ratio will assure a staff with-the necessary qualifications to pro- Reference 6-7 vide the services described in this document. Economics 7-8 Some variation in ratios must be expected Technical and scientific 6 for special libraries that receive a large per- Law 4-5 centage of their materials without cost. The Bound periodical vols. 5 initial budget for a new library will require Number of volumes per standard section a considerably larger percentage of the whole (?'?I2 feet high, with 7 shelves, 3 feet for basic library materials and capital ex- wide) : Calculations should be based on penditures. The initiation of programs in shelves being no more than two-thirds new subject areas will require increased ex- full. The following figures represent penditures for publications. the average capacity for books per standard section, 7 shelves, two-thirds full. Sections containing oversize books, quarto or larger, will not take 7 shelves. Calculations should take into account a The spending of the budget allocations proportionately lower figure based on rests upon the professional knowledge and the ratio of oversize books. For pe- judgment of the library administrator. He riodicals the number of shelves per sec- may himself manage the financial records tion is usually 6 and sometimes 5. The necessary to carry out his responsibility for figure for periodicals is based on one financial administration of the library. In title per shelf. Calculations should be

DECEMBER 1964 based on 15 volumes per shelf for any Area for technical processes title extending more than 3 feet. Allotment for each person to include desks, work tables, shelves, etc., and passageways: Reference 84-98 125 square feet Economics 98-112 Technical and scientific 84 Law 56-64 Location Footcandles5 Periodical vols. 60 (6 shelves) Reading room 70 Storage (shelves and files) 30 GENERALSPACE REQUIREMENTS Staff areas 70 (The following figures cover only the areas CITATIONS described and do not include overlapping 1. Based on findings of the Special Libraries As- aisle space.) sociation's Professional Standards Committee's Survey of Selected Libraries, 1964 (unpublished). Aisles and passageways 2. Derived from a study of responses to Special Between reading and study tables Libraries Association's Professional Standards Committee's Survey of Selected Libraries, 1964 4 feet, if 1 chair (unpublished). Figures adjusted to eliminate 5-6 feet, if 2 chairs, back to back overhead. Between tables and walls: 5 feet 3. AMERICANSTANDARDS ASSOCIATION. American Aisles at end of tables: 3%-4 feet Standard Building Code Requirements. . . A58.1- 1955. New York: 1955, p. 8. In front of loan service desk: 4 feet 4. RANDALL,G. E. Library Space and Steel Shelv- In front of card catalog: 5 feet ing. In Lewis, C. M., ed., Special Libraries and In front of files : 3 feet How to Plan and Equip Them. New York: Spe- Between facing files : 4 feet cial Libraries Association, 1963, p. 18. Between staff desks: 4 feet 5. Based on ILLUMINATINGENGINEERING SO- crsn. IES Lighting Handbook: The Standard Between staff desks in horizontal row: Lighting Guide, 3d ed. New York: 1959, Fig. 2-3 feet 9-53 (p. 9: 80); see also p. 12, 21-6.

Reference Data for Government Contractors

RICHARD S. HULEATT

CHALLENGE con- contractor. The many sources of data and A fronting business the multitude of varying procedures for ob- and industry, which tests taining data from each procuring activity the resourcefulness of the tend to confuse a contractor more often than special librarian, is that assist him in completing of a bid or contract. of readily providing re- Inability to readily obtain and thus be able quired reference data for to interpret requirements, can lead to misap- use on government bids, proposals, and con- plication of requirements resulting in loss of tracts. bid, proposal, or contract, rejection of the No formal courses describing methods of final product, or increased cost to the gov- acquisition or the application of this data are ernment and resultant loss of profit and available to a company that is a government prestige to the contractor. It is absolutely es- The author is the Szlpervisor of the LFE Document Center, Laboratory for Electronics, Inc., in Boston, Massacht~setts. 680 SPECIAL LIBRARIES sential, therefore, that companies have a pendent upon need and justification. The number proven method for access to and storage of of files will be held to a minimum consistent with the data they need to use for their govern- operating needs. ment business and that the data acquired is AUTOMATIC DISTRIBUTION: Submission of a subscription list (or requirement current and complete. tables) is the means of establishing distribution A prerequisite to proven and continued of future issuances of specifications and related availability of reference data is the establish- publications. ment of a single company control office to REQUISITIONS: serve the needs of the entire company. The method used to order requirements of speci- Whether the control office is part of a com- fications and related publications for initial files pany library, technical information center, or one-time use only. or related area is not particularly important, APPROVAL: although highly desirable. The major crite- The control office will review and approve or dis- rion is that it is a specialized information approve all requirements. The consolidated requirements must be signed signifying a justified center and procedures for its administration need. The signature may be that of any person are not applicable to a conventional library charged with the responsibility of approving such system. It is truly a special library. requests for the installation. The purpose of the control office is pri- CONTROL OF DATA: marily to supply, control, and monitor re- When documents are removed from files, action quired data to assist in the completion of will be taken to ensure that file room personnel specific contracts. The control office, how- have knowledge of the location of borrowed rna- terial. ever, consolidates all contract requirements for the entire company, representing con- PROPERTY ACCOUNTABILITY: "Publications and forms are organizational-not siderable savings because less material and personal-property. They will not be issued to effort are needed and duplicate control of- individuals unless specifically authorized."2 fices are not required. The following steps are suggested for Step 2: Idexes and Reference Sources those interested in providing their companies The following is a listing of reference with a control office to meet the needs of sources used by the control office. While as their government business. many pertinent documents have been listed here as possible, some specialized indexes Step 1 : Definitions peculiar to a particular procuring activity The following definitions are excerpts may be applicable and should be obtained from those contained in USAF S-1-5-l,l also. (There are numerous such specialized unless otherwise noted. departmental indexes.) GENERAL CONTROL OFFICE: The office delegated at a contractor's installation Department of Defense Index of Specifications to consolidate data requirements, prepare and and Standards (DODISS) submit requisitions, receive and distribute speci- All material listed is available from the fications and related publications. DOD-SSP Single Stock Point, NSD, Philadel- 1. The contractor's plant will establish one con- phia. Available from Government Printing Of- trol office to submit requests and receive data for fice,' $25 per year includes bimonthly supple- the installation. ments. 2. The requirements for specifications and related FSC Listing of DOD Standardization Documents publications are dependent on the assigned or (FSC LISTING) contracted mission of the organizations located at Formerly vol. I11 of DODISS. Particularly an installation. Therefore, each organization useful for cross-referencing by Federal Supply within an installation will determine its require- Classification and for subscription requirements. ments and submit them to the control office for Available from GPO, $11 per year includes bi- consolidation. monthly supplements, catalog no. D 7.14/2:964. Defense Standavdization Mdnud (M200A) REFERENCE FILE: Describes policies and procedures for gen- A temporary, limited file of specific specifications eration and processing of standardization docu- and related publications for use on a given project ments contained in DODISS. Available from at operational level. Files will be established de- GPO, $6 for indefinite period. DECEMBER 1964 68 1 lndex of Federal Specifications, Standards and NSF 63-43: Office of Naval Research, Part 11, Handbooks 156 Available from GPO, $1.50 per year includes NSF 63-4s: U. S. Air Force, Part I, 25& monthly supplements. NSF 63-53: U. S. Navy, Part 111, 156 lndex of Specifications Cancelled or Superseded from I Jan 1947 to 4 Feb 1960 AIR FORCE Available from GPO, 75d each. Air Force Technical Order Indexes (See T.O. U. S. Government Purchasing, Specifications, and 0-1-01 for categories) Sales Directory USAF S-15-1: Air Force Logistics Program for Available from GPO, catalog no. SBA 1.13/ Engineering Data 3:963, 601 ea. T.O. 00-5-2: Distribution and Storage AF U.S. Government Organization Manual of Technical Order System Publications Available from GPO. catalog no. GS 4.109: - S-2A-1: Index of USAF Stock Lists, Department 964, $1.75 ea. of Defense Federal Supply Catalogs and Re- hrBS Indexes (National Bureau of Standards) lated Cataloging Publications ~vailable'from GPO : AFR 0-2: Numerical Index of Standard Air 1901 to 1947, catalog no. C 13.4:460, $1.25 ea.; Force Publications 1947 to 1957, catalog no. C 13.4:460/supp 14, 0-4: Index of Specialized, Recurring, Mis- $1.50 ea.; 1957 to 1960, catalog no. C 13.10: AFR 240, $2.25 ea.; 1960 to 1963, catalog no. C cellaneous and Other Government Agency 13.4:460/supp 21, apply. Publications Applicable to the Air Force GPO Monthly Catalog AFR 0-6: Subject Index of Air Force Publica- Lists publications issued by the various gov- tions ernment agencies. Available from GPO, $4.50 AFR 0-9: Numerical and Functional Index of per year includes monthly supplements. Departmental Forms P~iceLists AFLCR 0-2: Numerical Index of AFLC Stand- Available from GPO, free on request. ard Publications Selected publications for sale by GPO: AFLCR 0-9: Numerical and Functional Index of No. 19 Army Field Manuals and Technical AFLC Forms Manuals AFSCR 0-2: Numerical Index of AFSC Stand- No. 36 Government Periodicals ard Publications hTo.63 Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard AFSCR 0-9: Numerical and Functional Index of No. 64 Scientific Tests and Standards AFSC Forms No. 79 Aviation These and similar Air Force indexes are avail- No. 82 Radio and Electricity able through the local Air Force Contract Manage- No. 84 Atomic Energy ment District, Administrative Contract Officer No. 85 Defense (ACO), or the Air Force Plant Representative Standardization Activities in the United States (AFPR). Lists many of the industrial societies; gives Handbooks of Instruction (Air Force) : description and address of each. Available from AFSCM 80-1, for Aircraft Designers GPO, catalog no. C 13.10:230, $1.75 ea. AFSCM 80-3, for Aerospace Personnel Sub-Sys- Scientific Information Activities of Federal Agea- tem Designers cies (NSF Series) AFSCM 80-5, for Ground Equipment Designers A series of bulletins by the National Science AFSCM 80-6, for Ground Support Equipment Foundation describe the policies and practices of Designers Federal agencies. Available from GPO at prices AFSCM 80-7, for Aerospace Vehicle Equipment indicated: Designers NSF 59-58: Department of Commerce, Part I, AFSCM 80-8, for Missile Designers AFSCM 80-9, for Aerospace Systems Design 104 These handbooks are available on application by NSF 60-9: Government Printing Office, 54 defense contractors to: Systems Engineering Group NSF 60-56: National Science Foundation, 104 RTD (SEPH) , Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio hTSF 60-58: Department of Commerce, Part 11, 45433. 20d NSF 60-59: Department of Commerce, Part 111, NAVY 106 NAV WEPS 00-25-543 NSF 61-12: Federal Communications Commis- List of Standard Drawings approved by the sion, 56 Bureau of Naval Weapons NSF 62-17: U. S. Air Force, Part 11, 206 hrAVWEPS 00-25-544 NSF 62-19: Federal Aviation Agency, 10C List of Specifications and Standards (book NSF 63-16: U. S. Air Force, Part IV, 206 form) approved by the Bureau of Naval Weap. NSF 63-38: U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, ons 151 NAVSANDA PUBLICATION 2002 NSF 63-42: U. S. Navy, Part I, 256 Navy Stock List of Publications and Forms. SPECIAL LIBRARIES See Check List of Effective Sections contained Federation, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y. in this publication for applicable sections and 10017. Free. parts. ASME lndex These are available through Navy procurement Available from: American Society of Me- activities as contract requirements dictate. chanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, United Nations Plaza, New York, N. Y. 10017. ARMY Free. DA Pamphlet 310-4 Defense Standardization Manual M200A, Index of Army technical manuals, technical Appendix IK, now lists all industrial socie- bulletins, etc. This is available through Army ties that are cleared and approved as DOD procurement activities as contract requirements dictate. sources. Military Handbooks: Nearly all the industrial societies and the MIL-HDBK-161, Electronic Communication Government Printing Office make use of Equipment Directory coupons for the sale of documents. As this MIL:HDBK-162, ad& Equipment Directory MIL-HDBK-172, Electronic Test Equipment is a convenient method of ordering- docu- Directory ments as they are required, it is suggested MIL-HDBK-216, RF Transmission Lines and that an ample supply of coupons be main- Fittings tained. MIL-HDBK-300, Aerospace Ground Equipment Directory Step 3: Establishing the Official Company These and other militarv handbooks are avail- Control Office able from DoD-SSP, NSD, Philadelphia, or through the procuring activity. To establish that there will be only one company control office responsible for refer- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES ence data, it is a good idea to first clear this AMS Index (Aerospace Material Specifications In- requirement with company management. dex) Many companies provide for a directive, Available from: Society of Automotive Engi- manual, or outline on how to accomplish neers, 485 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017. 50d ea. Other SAE indexes on request. basic functions within the company to main- ASTM lndex tain a uniformity of practices. This is the Available from: American Society for Testing area that should be completed and approved and Materials, 1916 Race St., ~hiiadel~hia,P;. prior to attempting to establish a control 19103. Free (extra copies $1 ea.). EIA lndex office. With the support of a standard prac- Available from: Electronic Industries Associa- tice or procedure, there will be fewer prob- tion, Room 2260, 11 West 42nd St., New York, lems explaining to others the function the N. Y. 10036. Free. office is attempting to fulfill. ASA lndex A sample statement reads: "The ABC Available from: American Standards Associa- tion, 10 East 40th St., New York, N. Y. 10016. Company Control Office is the official com- Free. pany control office responsible for the ob- NEMA Index taining, distribution, and maintenance of Available from: National Electrical Manufac- government reference data required by bids, turers Association, 155 East 44th St., New York, N. Y. 10017. Free. proposals, and contracts. All requests for A'AS lndex (National Aerospace Standards) government reference data will be forwarded Available from: National Standards Associa- to the ABC Company Control Office for tion, 1321 Fourteenth St., N.W., Washington, supply action." A listing of typical docu- D. C. 20005. $1. ments the office can provide might be added AGMA lndex Available from: American Gear Manufacturers (see Step 7). Association, 1 Thomas Circle, N.W., Washing- ton, D. C. 20005. Free. Step 4: Standard Procedure for Review of UL lndex Data Available from: Underwriters Laboratories, The control office must be able to monitor Inc., Chicago, New York, or San Francisco offices. Free. all data that enters the company from various MPI Index sources and all data requirements as refer- Available from: Metal Powder Industries enced in each bid, proposal, and contract. DECEMBER 1964 The basic rules for accomplishing this are: processing material. Establish a set of rules 1. The control office (or someone delegated such as how to process requests for data, by the control office) reviews and makes a how to determine the latest revision of a record of all data "packages" received with document, what records to maintain, what bids, proposals, and contracts. A record is forms to use and so on. Standard operating made of the person who will have the docu- procedures will save much time. A suggested ments, and they are stamped with the con- list of procedures might include: trol office identifying rubber stamp so that 1 Charter (explain what the office is doing) they will be returned there for filing after 2 Automatic distribution of documents immediate use. This ensures having the ma- (such as QPL's to Purchasing-a must!) terial on file should the need arise at a later 3 Ordering documents (how to do it) date. 4 Ordering Air Force technical orders (spell 2. Bids, proposals, and contracts are re- out special ordering instructions required for viewed for data that is required but not con- certain types of publications) tained in the data "package." This material is 5 Handling classified material then requisitioned immediately in accordance 6 Maintenance of superseded or cancelled with instructions as indicated by the bid, pro- documents posal or contract. 7 Local directory for ordering data 3. A memo or notice from the control office may be forwarded to the applicable bid Step 6: Filing team, marketing, or contract administration office, indicating the revisions of govern- Some reference data files I have seen have ment documents in effect at the time of been quite unusable because the individual invitation for bid. (The revision of govern- responsible for initiating or maintaining ment documents in effect at the time of in- them had no concept of normal filing se- vitation for bid is the legal revision to which quence or simply filed data according to his the contractor is contractually bound unless own needs. otherwise specified in the terms of the con- Data filed by the control office should be tract.) Utilization of a standard bid review filed in the same sequence as it is found in form is an asset for control office records, the index for that material. Regular military the bid team, and for future company ref- specifications and standards consist of about erence. 5 to 30 pages and fit neatly in a standard 4. All company personnel are informed of file folder for regular letter-size files. Book the control office function, and all other form documents, which are too bulky for areas are prohibited from directly contacting regular files, should be placed in bookcases, government agencies for data unless other- in normal filing sequence. Sheet form docu- wise permitted or coordinated by the control ments, such as MS drawings or QPL's, office. This will avoid embarrassment to should be placed in binders for bookcase dis- both the individual and the control office by play and kept in normal filing sequence. ensuring that all requests for data are re- There are two purposes for this "normal viewed and justified before ordering as well filing sequence." One is that the material as avoiding any duplicate requests for the is filed in a logical sequence and is easily same material. located; the other is that revisions of a docu- It is this step which will determine the ment may be checked readily at the time of specific procuring activities and government issue against that shown in the index. agencies with which the office will be pri- Copies of cancelled or superseded docu- marily in contact and those specific proce- ments should be retained in the files to dures required for ordering data. cover requirements of earlier contracts or for comparison purposes. A single copy of Step 5: Standard Operating Procedures each such document should be sufficient for Avoid verbal instructions for handling this purpose. Previous revisions of docu- data for control office personnel who will be ments are extremely difficult to obtain, and SPECIAL LIBRARIES much effort can be eliminated by providing rily interested in furnishing- information and for their maintenance. data relative only to its own requirements. Indexes, guides, handbooks, and other There are two different philosophies re- reference sources used by the control office garding the availability of data from go\?- should be kept in a centrally located, readily ernment sources : accessible area. It is essential that this file 1. "Documents are made available to con- be kept as up to date as possible as it is the tractors only on a 'need to know' basis rela- key determining the effectivity of all other tive to the performance of work under a documents. These reference sources are particular contract. This means that the con- never circulated outside the control office, tractor must have the technical information although individuals may be allowed to use in question to complete the contract. . . . them freely at the control office. Only requests for documents required for Control cards should be used for each immediate usage under a specific contract document ordered or received. Each card will be processed by this office since the should note such things as the number or technical data files of non-government activi- title of the document requested, the date ties cannot be maintained at Government ordered, who requested the data, where it expense." is to be sent, and where it was ordered. 2. "Specifications and related publications In addition, two charge cards should be may be furnished automatically to industry completed. One card is kept in the file with when the recipients are working under . . . the applicable document and indicates those contracts requiring the use of the data, or individuals who have a copy of that particu- when it is evident that the distribution will lar document. The second card is kept in a be beneficial . . . from a research and de- separate file by the individual's name only. velopment standpoint." This shows the documents charged out to him. The cards will readily locate needed It is the responsibility of the control office documents and in many cases eliminate a to seek out those government agencies and need for reordering. sources which will be willing to furnish data A further control for files is the termina- that will be beneficial as well as those that tion sheet for personnel who are leaving the have the responsibility of administering con- employ of the company. The personnel de- tracts. Many will refuse to voluntarily fur- partment issues to individuals a sheet that nish data unless specifically required by a requires the signature of the control office particular contract. after all material charged out to that person While many local government agencies has been returned. will be cooperative in supplying emergency Be sure to maintain a single file copy of needs, do not wear out your welcome by each document received. Do not circulate the using it as a single source for all requests. file copy but restrict it for reference use at Process all requests in the proper procedure the control office only. Extra copies can be as outlined and shown in the bids, proposals, made in an emergency, and many times the and contracts. reordering of additional copies of a docu- Contractors desiring automatic distribution ment will not be necessary. of standardization documents (those indexed in DODISS) may obtain them by applying Step 7: Pointers: Suggestions- to the Director, U. S. Navy Publications and Recommendations Printing Service Office, Building 4, Section The sample functional flow chart shows D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. how data is obtained and distributed through 19111. The distribution is provided by the control office. Note that the prime con- means of a subscription service arranged by tractor is often responsible for supplying FSC Classes at an annual cost of $6 for each data to the sub-contractor and vendors. FSC Class ~rdered.~ In requesting data, it should be remem- To determine the FSC Classes required, bered that each procuring activity is prima- consult Cataloging Handbook H 2-1 Federal DECEMBER 1964 FLOW CHART DATA SOURCES aACTIVITY USING ACTIVITIES

NASA

PRIME CONTRACTOR COMPANY

LOCAL CONTR. BID OR CONTROL CONTRACT - MANAGEMENT OFFICE DISTRICT REQUIREMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

\)yICONTRACTOR

rlVENDOR LOCAL INSP. MATERIEL

INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Supply Groups and Classesj and the Federal because the Navy service will supply directly Supply Cla~sificationListing of Standardiza- material as it is released while the commer- tion Documents (see step 2). A more de- cial source must always act as a secondary tailed breakdown is available through Cata- (and thus later) source. loging Handbook H 2-2 for every specific It is further recommended that contract category in each FSC Class. These handbooks requirements be ascertained to determine if help determine subscription requirements. the company is eligible for automatic distri- This source is recommended in lieu of bution of any documents without charge via any commercial agency selling the same data official channels. Purchase of these docu- 686 SPECIAL LIBRARIES ments by subscription or outright purchase and the government in the proper establish- from either government- or commercial ment of the contractor's control office is of sources can be an expensive proposition. considerable significance. Certain subscription costs are allowable ex- The types of data received and the meth- penses under government contracts. ods used in ordering data will vary as con- A company library and control office ac- tract requirements and the product dictate tivity differ primarily in that a library is for each company. However, all should uti- usually responsible for periodicals, text- lize a control office as a central clearinghouse books, technical notes, technical reports, for all reference data requirements, or as DDC documents, and similar publications, Senator Humphrey has stated, "Contractors which are usually purchased or are not nec- must put their own information houses in essarily required by contractual obligations. order." A sample listing of the typical publica- Cooperative effort between the govern- tions covered by the control office are: ment and industry concerning the ready Miltary specifications availability of reference data must continue Military standards to be expanded and explored.6 The Depart- MS drawings ment of Defense has already initiated some AN drawings action toward a greater consolidation of ef- AND drawings JAN drawings fort concerning reference data.7 More em- Qualified products lists (QPL) phasis on this data will be placed at the Military handbooks contractor's level of responsibility in the Air Force drawings coming future. It is the joint responsibility Air Force bulletins of both the government and industry to Air Force exhibits Air Force regulations (AFR) eliminate as much duplication of effort and Air Force manuals (AFM) waste as possible for the over-all national Technical orders (TO) economy. One of the means of ensuring Technical manuals (TM) the proper quality and types of materials Navy drawings Army drawings needed for government contracts lies in es- Federal specifications tablishing better methods of providing ref- Federal standards erence data. Cataloging handbooks Department of Defense publications Industrial Society publications (ASA, SAE, EIA, CITATIONS NEMA, etc. 1. USAF S-1-5-1 requires establishment of a NASA publications, specifications, etc. company control office when cited in Air Force In choosing the individual who will be contracts. In addition, ASPR, Sect. 304 6 Ap- pendix B, and ONMINST 5000.3 Vol. 2, Sect. responsible for the control office, experi- 206253 also require control of data. ence and previous association with this data 2. AFM 5-4, chap. 6, sect. A, 29d. is a but a library science degree 3. GPO: Superintendent of Documents, Govern- is not necessary as courses for handling these ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. 4. Make checks payable to the Treasurer of the types of materials are non-existent. United States. The control office is unlike anv of its 5. Handbook H 2-1 available from GPO at 30 singular government counterparts and must cents each; Handbook H 2-2 available from GPO therefore be as versatile as possible, be able at $7 per year. to consolidate 411 the agencies' 6. Interagency Coordination of Information, see Hearings before the Sub-committee on Reorganiz- data into one usable system for the con- ation and International Organizations, Government tractor. Therefore, the control office must Operations Committee, U. S. Senate, Agency Coor- keep abreast of changes in all requisitioning dination Study (GPO). procedures required or used by each agency. 7. DOD Directive 5100.36, released Dec. 31, 1962, established a basic DOD concept for han- Conclusion dling technical information; provided for a Di- rector of Technical Information; and also a DOD The amount of time, effort, and money Production Engineering and Logistics Information saved by both the government contractor Program. DECEMBER 1964 Analysis of Library Systems: A Bibliography

LORRAINE PRATT

HIS bibliography consists of pertinent references selected from the literature T on the methodology of analyzing library systems and covers the period 1960 to September 1964. Articles dealing with time and cost studies, work measurements and sampling procedures, management methods in libraries, elements of systems design, use of graphic display techniques, and criteria for evaluating performance in an information activity are included.

Systems Design BAUER,C. K. Practical Application of Automation in a Scientific Information Center-a Case Study. ADVANCEDINFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. A Study Special Libraries, vol. 55, no. 3, March 1964, of Behavioral Factors in Information Systems p. 137-42. (NSF Contract NSFC265). Los Angeles, Calif.: BECKER,J. Getting to Know the User of an IR 1963. 88 p. System. In American Documentation Institute. AMERICANMANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION. Marzage- Information Systems W'orkshop: the Designeu's ment Information Systems and the Computer Responsibility and His Methodology. Washington, (AMA Research Study No. 51). New York: D. C.: Spartan Books, 1762, p. 61-7. 1761. 191 p. and HAYES,R. M. Information Storage ANZALONE,A. M. and COHN, G. An Index to and Retrieval: Tools, Elements, Theories. New Ordnance Reports. Journal of Chemical Docu- York: Wiley, 1963. 448 p. mentation, vol. 4, no. 3, July 1764, p. 169-72. BLACK,D. V. The Designer's Tools. In Ameri- ARNOVICK,G. N. Automatic Analysis and Syn- can Documentation Institute. Information Sys- thesis of Specifications for Machine Systems in tems Workshop: the Designer's Responsibility Information Storage and Retrieval. In American and His M ethodolog). Washington, D. C.: Documentation Institute. Information Systems Spartan Books, 1762, p. 77-112. TY'orkshop: the Designer's Responsibility and His BORKO, H. The Decision-making Process: Ex- Methodology. Washington, D. C.: Spartan Books, perimental Fzndings and Implications (Technical 1962, p. 127-46. Memo TM-966). Santa Monica, Calif.: System ATHERTON,P. File Organization: Principles and Development Corp., January 25, 1763. Practices for Processing and Maintaining the Col- . Determining User Requirements for an lection. In Howerton, Paul W., ed. Infurmatron Information Storage and Retrieval System: a Sys- Handling: First Principles. Washington, D. C.: tems Approach. In American Documentation In- Spartan Books, 1963, chap. 2. stitute. Information Spems 1Vorkshop: the De- Avco CORPORATION,Crosley Division, Electronics .signer's Respun.ribility and His Methodology. Research Laboratories. Technical Investigation of Washington, D. C.: Spartan Books, 1962, p. 37- Elements of a Mechanized Library System (Final 46. Report No. EW-6680). Boston, Mass.: 1760. 10 p. BOURNE.C. P. Methods of Information Handling. BALLISTICRESEARCH LABORATORIES, APG. Suruey New York: Wiley, 1963. 241 p. of Scientific and Technical Information Retrieval . A Review of the Methodology of In- Schemes within the Department of the Army. By formation System Design. In American Docu- M. Weik and V. Confer (BRL Report 1167). mentation Institute. Information Systems Work- July 1962. shop: the Designer's Responsibility and His Methodology. Washington, D. C.: Spartan Books, 1962, p. 11-35. Miss Pratt is Manager of Libra~yServices at BROWN, J. E. and WOLTERS,P. Mechanized the Stanford Resedrch Institute, Menlo Park, Listing of Serials at the National Research Coun- California. This bibliography was originally cil Library. Canadian Library, vol. 19, no. 6, May prepared for the San FranclJco Chapter's all- 1763, p. 420-6. CARROLL,P. How to Chart Data. New York: day "Symposium on the Analysis of Library McGraw-Hill, 1960. 260 p. Systems," December 14, 1963, and has been CHASEN, L. I. Planning, Organizing and Im- reuised a~dupdated for publication. plementing Mechanized Systems in a Space 688 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Technology Library. In American Documentation INTERNATIONALBUSINESS MACHINES CORP., Institute. Automation and Scientific Communica- Data Processing Division. General Informalion tion. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting, Manual: Mechanized Library Procedures. New Chicago, October 6-11, 1963, Part 11. Washing- York: 1962. 19 p. ton, D. C.: 1963, p. 303-5. JOHNSHOPKINS UNIVERSITY. An Operations Re- CLAPP,V. W. The Future of the Research Li- search and Systems Engineering Study of a Uni- bfary. Urbana. 111.: Univ. of 111. Press, 1964. 114 p. versity Library (Progress Report on Grant NSF- COSTELLO,J. E., JR. The Charter: A "Must" for GN-31) PB 163 087. Baltimore: April 1963. 144 p. Effective Information System Planning and De- KATTER,R. V. Research Bases of Lrrnguage Data sign. Journal of Chemical Documentation, vol. 4, Processing System Design (TM-1199) AD 416 no. 1, January 1964, p. 12-20. 803. Santa Monica, Calif.: System Development CULBERTSON,D. S. Data Processing for Tech- Corp., 1963. 52 p. nical Procedures at the University of Illinois Li- KENT, A. Minimum Criteria for a Coordinated brary. In Minnesota. University. Information Information System. American Documentation, Retriez:al Today. Minneapolis: Center for Con- vol. 11, no. 1, January 1960, p. 84-7. tinuation Study, University of Minnesota, 1963, . Systems Design Criteria. In Kent, A. p. 99-107. Textbook on Mechanized Information Retrieval. DAVIS,R. A. and BAILEY,C. A. Bibliography of New York: Interscience, 1962, p. 196-219. Use Studies. Prepared for Office of Science In- KESSLER,M. M. Technical Information Flow formation Service, National Science Foundation Patterns. AD 261 303. Lexington, Mass.: Massa- (Project No. 195). Philadelphia, Pa.: Drexel chusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Labora- Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Li- tory, 1961. 11 p. brary Science, 1964. 98 p. KING, E. F. Electronic Transmission for Inter- EVANS,M. K. and HAGUE,L. R. Master Plan for library Loans. American Documentation, vol. 11, Information Systems. Harvard Business Review, no. 1, January 1960, p. 32-9. vol. 40, January 1962, p. 92-103. KRAFT, D. H. Data Processing Equipment for FAIRTHORNE,R. A. Criteria for the Organs of Library Use in Clerical Tasks and Dissemination Information Systems. In American Documentation of Information. Illinois Libraries, vol. 44, no. 9, Institute. Information Systems Workshop: the November 1962, p. 587-92. Designer's Re~ponsibility and His Methodology. LITTLE, ARTHUR D., INC. Centralization and Washington, D. C.: Spartan Books, 1962, p. 113-9. Documentation. Cambridge, Mass.: 1963. 74 p. GARRARD,R. F. MEDLARS: Systems Engineering LOGUE, P. Deep Indexing Technical Reports. Applied to Libraries. In Minnesota. University. Journal of Chemical Documentation, vol. 2, no. 4, Informarion Retrieval Today. Minneapolis: Center October 1962, p. 215-19. for Continuation Study, University of Minnesota, MCCORMICK,E. M. The Management Process and 1963, p. 119-39. Science Information Systems. In Hattery, Lowell GARRISON,G. G. Allerton House Conference on H., ed. Information Retrieval Management. De- Research Methods in Librarianship. Library Re- troit, Mich.: American Data Processing, Inc., search in Progress, no. 10, February 1964, p. 1-2. 1962, chap. 18. GULL,C. D. Guidelines to Mechanizing Informa- MOUNT, E. Information Retrieval from Tech- tion Systems. In Hattery, Lowell H., ed. Informa- nical Reports Using Termatrex Equipment. Special tion Retrieval Management. Detroit, Mich.: Ameri- Libraries, vol. 54, no. 2, February 1963, p. 84-9. can Data Processing, Inc., 1962, chap. 13. MYATT,D. 0. Designing an Information Center HANSON,C. W. Research on User's Needs: Where to Meet a Real-System Requirement. In Hattery, Is It Getting Us? A~libProceedings, vol. 16, Lowell H., ed. lnformation Retrieval Manage- February 1964, p. 64-78. ment. Detroit, Mich.: American Data Processing, HEILIGER,E. Applications of Advanced Data Inc., 1962, chap. 7. Processing Techniques to University Library ORGAN~ZATIONFOR ECONOMICCOOPERATION Procedures. Special Libraries, vol. 53, no. 8, AND DEVELOPMENT.Does Your Firm Need Its October 1962, p. 472-5. Own Information Service? Paris: 1962. 48 p. HERNER,S. The Determination of User Needs PARGETER,P. S., ed. Organization and Running of for the Design of Information Systems. In Ameri- the Cataloging Department of Coventry City Li. can Documentation Institute. Information Systems braries: A Survey of the Various Proces~es In- TYfurRshop; the Designer's Responsibility and His cluding the Rules and Codes in Use. Coventry Methodolugy. Washington, D. C.: Spartan Books, City Libraries, 1963. 88 p. 1962, p. 47-60. PIZER,I. H., ANDERSON,I. T., and BRODMAN,E. HINES, T. C., comp. Documentation Systems: a Mechanization of Library Procedures in the Me- Structural Outline. New Brunswick, N. J.: dium-sized Medical Library: 11. Circulation Rutgers-The State University, Graduate School Records. Bulletin of the Medical Library Associa- of Library Service, 1963. 73 p. tion, vol. 52, no. 2, April 1964, p. 370-85. DECEMBER 1964 , FRANZ,D. R., and BRODMAN,E. Mecha- ment (Bulletin 60-6). Washington, D. C.: nization of Library Procedures in the Medium- March 18, 1960, p. 2-3. sized Medical Library: I. The Serial Record. VAN DAM, A. S. Storage and Retrieval of Tech- Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, vol. nical Information (Moore School Report No. 51, no. 3, July 1963, p. 313-38. 63-22) AD 419 444. Philadelphia, Pa.: Univer- RANDALL,G. E. and BRISTOL,R. P. PIL (Process- sity of Pennsylvania, Moore School of Electrical ing Information List) or a Computer-controlled Engineering, September 1, 1963. Processing Record. Special Libraries, vol. 55, no. 2, VDOVIN,G. The Serials Computer Project, Uni- February 1964, p. 82-6. versity of California at San Diego. Iiz Minnesota. REEVES,P. W., et al. The Library of Tomorrow- University. Information Retriezal Today. Minne- Today; An Information Service of Education Re- apolis: Center for Continuation Study, University search Materials. Cleveland, Ohio: Western Re- of Minnesota, 1963, p. 109-18. serve University, Center for Documentation and WEINSTEIN,E. A. and SPRY, J. Boeing SLIP: Communication Research, School of Library Computer Produced and Maintained Printed Book Science, June 1962. Catalogs. Amencatz Documentation, vol. 15, no. 3, RICE, C. N. Automated Literature-alerting Serv- July 1964, p. 185-90. ices. Chemical Literature, vol. 16, no. 3, fall 1964, WELLISCH,H. The Special Library: Management p. 17. and Organization. Tel Aviv, Israel: General Fed- RICHMOND,P. A. A Short-title Catalog Made eration of Jewish Labour in Israel, Library Sec- with IBM Tabulating Equipment. Library Re- tion, 1962. 205 p. sources and Technical Services, vol. 7, no. 1, WILLIAMS,G. The Programs of the Midwest In- winter 1963, p. 81-90. ter-library Loan Center. California Librarian, vol. SCHULTHEISS,L. A. Advanced Data Processing in 24, no. 1, January 1963, p. 29-34. the University Library. New York: Scarecrow YOVITS,M. C. et al., eds. Self-organizing Systems Press, 1962. 388 p. 1962 (Proceedings of the Conference on Self- SCHULTZ,C. A System for Systems Design. 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Proceedings of the 26th An- stelle durch Multimomentaufnahmen (Time Study nual Meeting, Chicago, October 6-11, 1963, Part of the Distribution of Tasks in the Documenta- 11. Washington, D. C.: 1963, p. 221. tion Center through Multiple Random Check-ups) . SHOFFNER,R. M. Technique for the Organization hTachrichten fiir Dokumentation, vol. 12, Septem- of Large Files. Americatz Documentation, vol. 13, ber 1961, p. 133-6. January 1962, p. 95-103. BERKOW~TZ,A. M. The Catalog Card Problem- SRYGLEY,T. F. Serials Record Instructions for a LC or "Do It Yourself." College and Research Computerized Serial System. Library Resources Libvaries, vol. 24, no. 2, March 1963, p. 126-30. and Technical Services, vol. 8, no. 3, summer BOURNE,C. P. and FORD,D. F. Cost Analysis and 1964, p. 248-56. Simulation Procedure for the Evaluation of Large SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT'CORP. principle^ of Information Systems. American Documentation, Information-processing System Design. Part II. By vol. 15, no. 2, April 1964, p. 142-9. G. M. Masters (Technical Memo. no. TM-743,' BROWNLOW,J. L. Cost Analysis for Libraries. 002/00) AD 298 701. Santa Monica, Calif.: District of Columbia Libraries, vol. 31, October February 19, 1963. 37 p. 1960, p. 54-60. . Stages in the Desig~zand Development of BRUTCHER,C., et al. Cost Accounting for the Li- an Informat~onProcessing System. By L. G. Gay brary (Paper prepared for a class in cost account- (Report no. SP-1023) AD 291 726. Santa ing for the library given at the University of Cali- Monica, Calif.: November 9, 1962. 22 p. fornia at Los Angeles) (1963). 37 p. mimeo. U. S. BUDGETBUREAU. Automatic Data Process- Budget: Cost of Operating a Library Service. In ing (ADP) Program of the Executive Branch: Strauss, L. J., et al. Scientific and Technical Li- Studies Preceding the Acquisition of ADP Equip- braries. New York: Interscience, 1964, p. 43-54. SPECIAL LIBRARIES CAHILL,B. F. HOWto Use a Work-count. Super- tion. 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I72 National Microfilm Associa- 680-1. DECEMBER 1964 MACLEAN,V. J. Eliminate the Automate, Get a PIERCY,E. J. Cost, Time and Terms (editorial). Better Cost Rate. Ohio Library Association Bulle- Library Resources and Technical Services, vol. 6, tin, vol. 33, October 1963, p. 5-6. fall 1962, p. 336. MACQUARRIE,C. Cost Survey: Cost of Ordering, PILTON,J. and COOPER,S. Cost of Purchasing, Cataloging, and Preparations in Southern Cali- Cataloging and Processing a Book at the Ed- fornia Libraries. Library Resources and Technical monton Public Library, a Preliminary Study. Services, vol. 6, no. 4, Fall 1962, p. 337-50. Edmonton Public Library News Noter, vol. 6, MATSUMIYA,H. and BLOOMFIELD,M. A Work- March 1961, p. 22-6. ing Microfilm Card Catalog. Special Libraries, vol. POAGE,S. T. Work Sampling in Library Admin- 55, no. 3, March 1964, p. 157-9. istration. Library Quarterly, vol. 30, no. 3, July MAYBURY,C. Performance Budgeting for the 1960, p. 213-18. Library. 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Automation and the Library Procedures for an Operational Searching Service. of Congress; a Surz~eySponsored by the Council American Documentation, vol. 14, no. 2, April on Library Resources. Washington, D. C.: Li- 1963, p. 123-42. brary of Congress, 1963, p. 27-88. . Dollars and Cents of Basic Operations in STAHL,N. An Evaluation of Some of the Costs Information Retrieval. In Western Reserve Uni- and Practices of Engineering Documentation Syr- versity, School of Library Science. Center for ten Management. AD 402 798. Master's thesis. Documentation and Communication Research. In- New York: Graduate School of Business Admin- formation Retrieval in Action. Cleveland, Ohio: istration, New York University, 1362. 243 p. Western Reserve University Press, 1963, p. 199- STALEY,J. D. The Cost-minded Manager. New 211. York: American Management Association, 1964. PICKETT,A. S. San Francisco State College Li- 288 p. brary Technical Service Time Study. Library Re- STEVENS,R. E. 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Cranfield, England: sign. American Documentation, vol. 15, no. 2, The College of Aeronautics, October 1963. April 1964, p. 121-5. DECEMBER 1964 DENNIS,B. K. Five Operational Years of In- LOGAN,I. M. C. Statistical Method for Evaluating verted Index Manipulation and Abstract-Retrieval Serial Holdings. Logan, Utah: Utah State Uni- by an Electronic Computer. Journal of Chemical versity, 1961. 67 p. Documentation, vol. 2, no. 4, October 1962, MAIZELL,R. E. Standards for Measuring the Ef- p. 234-42. fectiveness of Technical Library Performance. In- DOYLE,L. B. 1s Relevance an Adequate Critefion stitute of Radio Engineers (IRE), Transactions in Retrieval Sjjstem Evaluation? (Report SP- on Engineering Management (EM-7), 1960, p. 69- 1262) AD 410 766. Santa Monica, Calif.: Sys- 72. tem Development Corporation, July 1, 1963. MEIER,R. L. Efficiency Criteria for the Operation ESTERQUEST,R. T. Measuring Library Use. Col- of Large Libraries. 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(Report no. SP-909/000/ VAN DER WOLK,L. J. The Function of Telex 000) AD 288 835. Santa Monica, Calif.: August in the Union Catalogue. Libri, vol. 11, no. 4, 2, 1962. 8 p. 1961, p. 377-406. . A Research Pla~for Evaluating the Ef- VAN OOT, J. G., et al. Links and Roles in Co- fectiveness of Various Indexing Systems. By ordinate Indexing and Searching: an Economic H. Borko (FN 5649/000/01) AD 278 624. Study of Their Use, and an Evaluation of Their Santa Monica, Calif.: July 1961. Effect on Relevance and Recall. Chemical Litera- THOMPSONR.4~0 WOOLDRICH, INC. An Experi- ture, vol. 16, no. 3, fall 1964, p. 23. Southern California H. W. Wilson Company Chapter Award Entry wo MAJOR ACTIVITIES, which would not 225 public, private, and parochial schools Thave been successful without the sup- from 45 districts and 4 counties attended. port of the membership as a whole, pointed Specific data regarding the chapter's con- up the Southern California Chapter's efforts tribution are: to be a participating member of the business a. Space rental: $75.00 for a 10' x 20' and professional community. booth. Cost was pro-rated among the three 1. A joint dinner meeting was held January participants. Booth frame, including lights, 24, 1964, sponsored by the Biological Sci- was donated by a local firm. These can be ences Group of the Chapter and the Medical used again next year. Library Group of Southern California. It b. Committees formed early in January was held at the Los Angeles County Medical to effect the acquisition of booth frame, art Association, and the subject was The Holly- work, furniture, display equipment, litera- wood Museum's proposed film information ture to be distributed, transportation of clearinghouse. Over 200 Chapter members, equipment and art work, as well as financ- 35 guests, and seven panel members at- ing, staffing, and publicity for the event. tended. c. Attendance and staffing: over 2000 Publicity was coordinated through the Mu- students and approximately 500 counselors seum's Publicity Department and the Chap- and parents took away with them some 10,- ter Public Relations Director to obtain max- 000 pieces of literature. 42 members from imum coverage in the press, national wire the three participating groups were on a ro- services. as well as in local radio and tele- tating four-hour duty for the ten-day period. vision media. There was no financial outlay d. Major items of expense were: rental to the Chapter except the Chapter's share of of booth ($25 for Chapter), transportation a dinner for guests (approximately $28). of display equipment and furniture to and 2. Career Guidance Center, at the Great from the center ($25), SLA brochures and Western Exhibit Center, City of Commerce, other "give-aways" ($40), postage, tele- March 10 through March 20, 1964. This phone calls ($20), photographs of activi- was sponsored by Office of Los Angeles ties at booth (this cost can vary depending County Superintendent of Schools, Division on the Chapter's need and/or wishes). of Research and Guidance. Over 900 busi- e. Donations and help were obtained ness, professional, and industrial organiza- from 19 local business and industrial firms. tions participated, sponsoring 88 booths. This is in addition to the literature and 45,000 students, counselors, parents from photographs supplied by SLA headquarters. DECEMBER 1964 Some Observations on the Performance of EJC Role Indicators in a Mechanized Retrieval System

F. W. LANCASTER

N TRADITIONAL sub- glass." By coordinating the index entries I ject catalogs, book in- GLASS and SEALING,one finds that only three dexes, and indexes to documents in the collection have been as- periodical literature, the signed both terms. However, on examining headings, or entry points, the documents it is discovered that, in fact, may represent quite com- only one deals with the subject of "sealing plex interrelationships of of glass." A second document deals with concepts. For example, the heading -FUR- glass used in sealing of other materials, and NACES, MELTING-REFRACTORY MATERIALS, the third describes the fabrication of metal by its sequence (citatioz order) and punctua- tubes, including working the tubes with a tion, combines terms for three distinct unit glass lubricant, and sealing the tubes by a concepts (the apparatus-furnace, the proc- welding process. ess-melting, and the material-refractories) yet unambiguously expresses the sub- Roles and Links ject complex "refractory materials for use To prevent such false retrievals in post- in melting furnaces." Indexes or retrieval coordinate systems, the devices of links and systems that employ this type of heading role idicators have been introduced. In con- are best described as pre-coovdinate, since ceptual analysis, an indexer "partitions" a the coordination of the unit concepts is document into its distinct themes, expresses carried out at the time of indexing. each theme by means of a combination of However, in the majority of retrieval sys- terms, and links the terms together by as- tems currently being established, particularly signing to them a common letter or numeral. those employing some form of mechanical The report on tube fabrication would be par- searching, entry points are made for the titioned into its separate themes, each ex- individual unit concepts. REFRACTORIES, pressed by linked index terms, as TUBES: FURNACES and MELTING would be three WORKING : GLASS : LUBRICANT and TUBES : separate headings, and to retrieve a docu- SEALING:WELDING. Links thus avoid the ment on "refractory materials for use in incorrect retrieval of the document in re- melting furnaces" one must, at the time of sponse to the request for "sealing of glass" searching, coordinate the three unit terms since, in searching, one asks that GLASS and to discover documents that have been in- SEALING both appear in the same link. The dexed by all three. Such a system is a post- indexing of documents by partitioning into coordinate system. In such indexes, there is links is essentially the operation long em- neither punctuation nor citation order to re- ployed in traditional library cataloging for solve possible ambiguities. volumes dealing with several topics. For example, assume one is looking for a Even when indexing with links, however, document dealing with "the sealing of the unwanted retrieval of the document on

Mr. Lancaster ha^ been zuorhing on the SHARP Zdexing Project for Hewer and Com- pany of Washington, D. C. Previously he was a colleague of C. W. Cleverdon on the Aslib Cranfield Research Project at the College of Aeronautics Libvury in E~zgland. 696 SPECIAL LIBRARIES glass used in sealing other materials will search Project.3~4 Fifty synthetic questions, not be prevented, since GLASS and SEALING based on documents known to be in the test will still appear in the same link. For this collection (source documents), were com- type of situation various schemes of role posed by technical personnel of the Bureau indicators have been devised. Roles show of Ships. Search programs were devised for the functional relationship between index these questions by staff of the Bureau of terms, i.e., they add an element of syntax. Ships Technical Library, and the searches Thus, if there is a role indicator to express were run on the computer at David Taylor the idea of agent and another to express the Model Basin. Search programs were blanket- idea of patient, i.e., thing affected, the glass type, each consisting of several subsearches, sealing ambikmity can be resolved. In index- most of which involved logical products of ing the document dealing with the sealing two or more descriptors. The object of these of glass, we use the term GLASS and add to all-embracing searches (which sometimes it the patie~ztrole, whereas the document de- comprised six to ten, or even more, sub- scribing sealing by means of glass is in- searches) was primarily to ensure retrieval dexed using GLASS in the agent role. of the source documents. The documents retrieved by each search program were sub- Project SHARP mitted to the questioner, who was asked to Project SHARP (Ships Analysis and Re- decide for each one whether it was relevance

trieval Proiect), , is an automated information A, as useful or more useful than the source storage and retrieval system designed to con- document, relevance B, of minor relevance trol the reports collection of the Bureau of to the question, or nonrelevant. On the Ships Technical Library.1 In 1963, Herner basis of these decisions, it was possible to and Company, under Contract NObs 88417, derive relevance ratios, i.e., the percentage implemented Project SHARP by indexing in of total documents retrieved in a search that depth some 1,000 documents for input to are judged relevant by the questioner. In the system. Tests were then conducted to addition, for 10 of the questions the entire measure the retrieval effectiveness of the test collection was examined to locate docu- system at this early stage of development." ments that seemed to have any possible Documents input to SHARP are indexed relevance to the requests. Additional docu- by descriptors selected from the Bureau of ments thus isolated were submitted to the Ships Th~esaurzrs of Descriptive Terms and questioner for a relevance assessment. Thus, Code Book. This thesaurus was designed to for ten of the 50 searches, it was possible to be compatible with the Thesaurus of ASTZA derive recall ratios, i.e., the percentage of Describtors,,' and resembles the ASTIA com- the total relevant documents in the collection pilation in its reference structure and in the that were retrieved in searching. degree of specificity of the descriptors. Where A detailed analysis of the search products necessary, in the indexing of the reports, de- was undertaken to determine I) reasons for scriptors are organized by means of links. nonrecall of relevant documents, and 2) Relationships between descriptors are de- reasons for recall of nonrelevant documents. fined by means of EJC (Engineers Joint This type of analysis of retrieval perform- Council) role indicators. Descriptors are ance can be of inestimable value, both in the translated into alpha-numeric codes for com- further development of an infant system and puter manipulation. Searching, conducted on in showing how a well-established system the 7090 at the David Taylor Model Basin, may be improved or at least used at optimum is effected by means of coordinations of efficiency. The analysis of the BuShips ex- descriptors in-specified roles. perimental system shed interesting light on indexing requirements, system problems or Objectives and Method of Study defects, and optimum searching strategies. The system was evaluated by test tech- Although each one of these areas is of great niques of the type developed in England by interest, the purpose of the present paper is Cyril Cleverdon of the Aslib Cranfield Re- restricted to a consideration of problems DECEMBER 1964 inherent in the indexing system used in documents should have been retrieved, with Project SHARP, specifically some of the very little noise, by much more precise sub- problems caused by the application of role searches in which the descriptors selected by indicators. the searcher had been used in indexing the It was originally intended to run all the relevant documents, but the role indicators searches with and without role indicators. used by indexer and searcher did not match. This would have allowed a study to de- Here are some examples of the role indi- termine 1) what effect role indicators had in cator problems encountered. (These ex- improving relevance ratios of searches and amples do not present either the full index- 2) what effect the roles had on recall, i.e., ing or the full search programs but only how many relevant items were missed due to those segments of each in which the descrip- lack of agreement between indexer and tors chosen by the searcher were identical searcher in choice of roles. In actual fact, with those used by the indexer, yet the rele- however, no facility was incorporated in the vant documents were not retrieved because SHARP computer program to readily allow the role indicators did not match.) role indicators to be disregarded in the logical manipulations of descriptors. The only Q. 34: What fairing techniques have been way of doing this is to keypunch searches used for installing sonar domes? for co-occurrences of descriptors in every INDEXER possible role. Because of the number of subsearches involved and the consequent cost of INSTALLATION (8) The prime activity of keypunching and computer time, the idea MOLDING (8) consideration in the of running the searches without role indi- report cators had to be abandoned. FAIRINGS (2) A device shaped or It was not, therefore, possible to obtain formed (in this case any data on the effect of the role indicators the object of mold- in improving relevance ratios of searches. ing) However, by analysis it was possible to pro- FAIRINGS (9) Passive recipient of the duce some interesting observations on the operation of instal- effect of the role indicators on the recall lation performance of the system. SONAR DOMES (4) The application to Effect of Role Indicators on Recall which the fairing is Of the 12 source documents that were to be put completely missed in the 50 searches, three, SEARCHER i.e., 25 per cent, were missed because of problems in the use of role indicators. Alto- FAIRINGS (8) The prime topic of gether nine of the 46 known relevant docu- with consideration ments missed in searching, i.e., almost 20 SONAR DOMES (4) The application to per cent, were lost because of role indicator OY which the fairing is problems. Of the total failures that could to be put in any way be attributed to the system (as SONAR DOMES (9) Passively receiving the opposed to human failures in indexing and operation of instal- searching), approximately 70 per cent were lation traced to the role indicators. (The other 30 Alternatively, per cent loss was traced to problems in ap- SONAR DOMES (9) i.e., both passively re- plication of the coding system and to lack with ceiving an operation of sufficient linkages in the thesaurus.) FAIRINGS (9) Moreover, several of the search programs were only successful on very broad sub- This illustrates a problem that arose in searches, which also retrieved a number of the use of role 8 (primary topic of consid- nonrelevant items. In many cases, relevant eration), which should be the most innocu- 698 SPECIAL LIBRARIES ous of the roles but actually gave a great deal tion, and the passive of trouble. This is not really a role indicator recipients of the fea- in the strict sense. Rather, it is a weighting sibility study. The device to indicate the concept or concepts of periscopes are de- primary importance in the document. Un- vices shaped or fortunately, the concept or concepts that ap- formed, and the pear to be of primary importance in a docu- means of accom- ment may not be the concepts that seem of plishing the celestial primary importance in a question. navigation. Role 4 In actual fact, in most of the examples was assigned to the given in the course materials prepared for periscopes because EJC by Battelle Memorial Institute the role they represented the 8 term is a process or activity term rather application to which than a term for a "concrete," such as a mate- prisms were to rial or piece of equipment. This may be a put. natural inheritance due to the evolution of the present system of roles from the original SEARCHER set used by DuPont. Activity or process The searcher asked for the following terms usually are of prime importance in the combinations of the key descriptors: indexing of chemical engineering literature, STAR TRACKERS (4) Periscopes are passive but they are not always so in other fields. with recipients, presurn- In the above example, the indexer fol- SUBMARINE ably of the design lowed the guide given by the EJC course PERISCOPES (9) study.' Star trackers materials and applied role 8 to the descrip- are the intended ap- tors for the processes (INSTALLATION and plication. MOLDING) applied to the fairings. She assigned roles 2 and 9 to the term FAIRINGS, STAR TRACKERS (9) Presumably both are since it represented a "device shaped or with regarded as the ob- formed" and a passive recipient of the op- SUBMARINE jects of the design eration of installation. PERISCOPES (9) study. The report describes the fabrication and STAR TRACKERS (8) Both to be regarded installation of a fairing for a sonar dome with as prime topics of (hence SONAR DOMES in role 4). However, SUBMARINE consideration in the as the question is phrased, it implies fairings PERISCOPES (8) document. as a means of installing sonar domes, i.e., it implies a role 10-means of accomplishment Although the source document was in- -situation. dexed in considerable depth, 23 descriptors Q. 66: Design study of a stabilized star in three links and 41 descriptor-role com- tracker periscope binations, it was only retrieved by a very broad subsearch under DESIGN (8) with SUB- INDEXER MARINE PERISCOPES (4). STAR TRACKERS The source document With most of the losses caused by role indi- (8) and (9) describes a feasibil- cators, it was difficult to lay the blame clearly SUBMARINE ity study on the con- at the door of either indexer or searcher. The PERISCOPES (2) struction of a sub- indexer chose the roles that appeared most and (10) marine periscope for suitable to handle the precise interrelation- and (4) use in a star track- ships of concepts contained in the document ing system for ce- at hand. Similarly, the searcher selected role lestial navigation. indicators to express the relationships im- Star trackers were re- plicit in the question. Documents were garded as the prime missed because the indexer's interpretation topic of considera- of the relationship between concepts (and DECEMBER 1964 often the relationship suggested by the text) consistent application of a system of role in- did not always agree precisely with the rela- dicators. It is time that we seriously consid- tionship demanded by the questioner. In the ered whether or not role indicators are worth conceptual analysis of a document, the in- their salt. It is, to say the least, surprising dexer cannot reasonably be expected to fore- that so many major organizations in the see all the relationships between concepts United States are happily adopting retrieval likely to be asked for in future questions put systems using role indicators before anyone to the system. Likewise, the searcher cannot has undertaken a large-scale, systematic test be expected to think of all the possible tex- of their effects. tual relationships between concepts that could Role indicators are precision promoters. have some relevance for the question being Their only use is to improve the relevance programmed. If an indexer is very liberal ratios of searches. They cannot improve re- and puts a term into five or six roles, or if a call. In fact, because of the inverse relation- searcher must ask for a term in five or six ship shown by Cleverdon to exist between roles to be sure of a "hit," the system of red and relevame, they will undoubtedly role indicators shows signs of breaking down. reduce recall. Obviously, then, if a system There are undoubtedly ways in which that will pull out everything or almost every- these role indicator problems can be mini- thing on a particular subject is wanted, re- mized. For one thing, in an ideal situation, gardless of the amount of accompanying the same group of people should both index noise, role indicators should not even be the documents and formulate the search pro- considered. On the other hand, if a system grams. Under these conditions one could rea- that will retrieve a small subset of highly sonably expect a greater coincidence between relevant documents, with little noise, is de- indexer and searcher in choice of roles. An- sired, then role indicators merit serious con- other possibility is for an individual organ- sideration. ization to redefine the scope of the EJC role However, it is probably true to say that in indicators, using examples carefully chosen the most common retrieval situation a searcher from the subject fields covered in their own wishes to retrieve a large number of poten- collections. Of course, if in formulating a tially pertinent documents with the mini- particular search program the searcher is not mum of extraneous material. Role indicators confident in his choice of role indicators, he will cause some wanted items to be lost. The can always adopt the strategy of ignoring question now is, how good are they in them completely, i.e. asking for a descriptor screening out unwanted documents, i.e., how in every possible role. good are they in improving relevance ~atios? Using role indicators on a highly selective An experimental investigation of the use basis may prove the best solution. Recently, of role indicators in various subject contexts investigators at DuPontblso found that may indicate that they are of definite worth roles failed because they were not mutually in some situations but of doubtful utility in exclusive. Lack of discrimination caused by others. It is conceivable that they do have overlapping role definitions was largely re- great value in "tagging" chemicals in dy- sponsible for the blocking of relevant in- namic reactions or processes. On the other formation. In a second experiment, not all hand, it seems likely that, in the applied terms were assigned role indicators; only fields of technology and engineering, once a roles clearly mutually exclusive were allowed, document has been conceptually analyzed and these were only used in situations where and partitioned into themes, each theme be- their discriminating power was clearcut. The ing expressed by a group of descriptors performance of the role indicators was con- joined by a link letter, little possible am- siderably more successful when thus used. biguity remains. An interesting study has recently been Questionable Value of Role Indicators carried out by Sinnett6 on the use of links The small-scale test of SHARP has high- and roles in the retrieval system of the Air lighted the possibility of problems in the Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Patter- SPECIAL LIBRARIES son Air Force Base. Having formulated his before the Division of Chemical Literature, Amer- search programs, Sinnett carried out each of ican Chemical Society, Chicago, September 1964. 6. SINNETT,J. D. An Evaluation of Links and 22 searches without links or roles, with links Roles Used in Information Retrieval (AD only, with roles only, and with links and 432198). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: roles. Using the results from the first method Air Force Institute of Technology, School of En- as a basis for comparing performance of the gineering, December 1963. other methods, Sinnett showed 1) the use of links alone reduced recall by only 5 per cent while improving relevance by 14.8 per cent; Nominations for the SLA Hall of Fame 2) the addition of roles to the links further 1965 reduced recall by 5.2 per cent, while im- Chapters, Divisions, and individuals proving relevance by only 2 per cent; 3) are invited to present nominees for the compared with the simple method, the use SLA Hall of Fame. Nominations must of roles alone reduced recall by 4.7 per cent reach the Committee Chairman by Jan- but improved relevance by only 2.8 per cent. uary 31, 1965, and information forms In view of the fact that the use of roles may be obtained from Association Headquarters. Each Chapter President more than doubled search programming and Division Chairman is asked to re- times and computer searching times (it was mind his group at meetings and estimated, in addition, that they more than through bulletins that nominations are doubled input costs), Sinnett firmly recom- encouraged. The recognition may be mended that their use should be discon- awarded posthumously. In document- tinued. Instead, he sensibly recommended ing nominations, the following criteria that increased emphasis be placed on the use for eligibility to the SLA Hall of of stylized statements in the application of Fame adopted by the Board of Direc- links to indexing. In the test of Project tors on June 7, 1964 should be remem- SHARP, had we been able to run all bered: "SLA Hall of Fame election is granted to a member or a former mem- searches with and without role indicators, it ber of the Association near the close is quite likely that the results would have or following completion of an active supported Sinnett's findings. professional career for an extended and sustained period of distinguished serv- CITATIONS ice to the Association in all spheres of 1. NICOLALJS,John J. The Automafed Appvoach its activities (Chapter, Division, and to Technical Information Retrieval: Library Ap- National levels). However, prolonged plications (NAVSHIPS No. 250-210-2). Wash- distinguished service within a Chapter, ington, D. C.: Bureau of Ships, 1964 (Available which has contributed to the Associa- from Government Printing Office) tion as a whole, may receive special 2. Pvoject SHARP (Ships Analysis and Retrieval consideration." The basic purpose of Prolect) Info~mation Storage and Retrieval Sys- the SLA Hall of Fame is to recognize tem: Evaludon of Indexing Procedures and Re- trieval Effectiveness (NAVSHIPS 250-210-3). those individuals who have made out- Washington, D. C.: Department of the Navy, standzng contributions to the growth Bureau of Ships, June 1964 (Available from and development of Special Librczries Government Printing Office and from Defense A~~ociatio~zover a period of years. Documentation Center) Mail your recommendation to Ethel S. 3. LANCASTER,F. W. and MILLS,J. Testing In- Klahre, Chairman, Librarian, Federal dexes and Index Language Devices: the Aslib Reserve Bank of Cleveland, P.O. Box Cranfield Project. American Documentation, vol. 6387, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. Infor- 15. no. 1, January 1964, p. 4-13. mation should include name of nom- 4. CLEVERDON,C. W., LANCASTER,F. W., and inee, address, brief biographical sketch, MILLS,J. Uncovering Some Facts of Life in In- formation Retrieval. Special Libraries, vol. 55, resume of specific contributions to the no. 2, February 1964, p. 86-91. growth and development of SLA (with 5. VAN OOT, J. G. ef al. Links and Roles in Co- dates if possible), approximate number ordinate Indexing and Searching: an Economic of years of SLA membership, and year Study of Their Use, and an Evaluation of Their of actual or anticipated retirement. Effect on Relevance and Recall. Paper presented DECEMBER 1964 I t t CURRENT CONCENTRATES 1 Of The Library World

The Computer Is Coming The usage of the computer for the handling I am not sure just exactly what Mrs. Phyl- of some library problems is certainly coming. lis Calese (see Library Journal, May 1, 1964, It will come sensibly, reasonably, and logi- p. 1888) proposes to do about her gloomy cally if librarians make themselves the ex- conclusion that computers will prove their perts, and make themselves responsible for economy and efficiency sufficiently to erase the evaluation and application of machine the profession of librarianship within 20 equipment in their domains. years. I doubt that she would advocate sabo- It will come haphazardly, illogically, and tage, and I'm not very enthusiastic about unreasonably only if we turn our backs on hunger strikes. As a librarian who has spent the sure reality fhat librarianship is under- the last several years seeking to improve going dynamic and drastic change, and if we service to his patrons through the applica- leave the field to a new generation of self- tion of mechanized equipment in areas in styled information specialists who may be- which such equipment can and does improve lieve and teach that librarians know little service to library patrons, please permit me about and contribute little to the handling, to assure her that her conclusions are wildly distribution, and recall of information, ex- pessimistic and needlessly defeatist. cept for their ability to serve as custodians. The proper application of computer equip- It is then that we get absurd examples of ment in libraries does not, and will not, de- information systems that cost a great deal of crease the need for professional librarians. money and produce pitiful results. . . . But On the contrary, it increases the requirement we overlook the fact that these svstems sur- -because it permits the undertaking of pro- vive, prosper, and detract from prestige and fessional services always desirable but not money which should be going to forward- usually practically possible. Computers tend looking library systems. to decrease the need for professional librar- Libraries and computers are not locked in ians to spend their time on clerical unchal- a death struggle. There are many things good lenging routines, and in the process they may librarians do far better than machines. There eliminate the need for some of our degree- are also many things that computers can do holding brethren who prefer clerical to pro- more rapidly, more accurately, and more eco- fessional tasks. If computers do this last nomically than librarians. thing for us, they will have helped us greatly I agree with Mrs. Calese that we must in our fight to achieve public recognition of wake up to the danger before it is too late, the librarian as professional. . . . but I don't think we mean the same danger. I We have nothing to fear from the com- do not suggest that we sally forth with axes puter as a tool. What we must fear is that the to destroy the wicked machines before they attitude among many librarians who, because destroy us. I do suggest that we librarians be- they don't understand machine systems and gin to learn about mechanized systems so that are too lazy to try to learn, treat the computer we can discuss the relative merits of library as some sort of evil spirit. If they ignore it, computer systems as we now discuss the rela- they think, perhaps it will go away. tive merits of mending tapes. It won't. The computer is a potential li- A letter from Herbert S. White, extracted from brary tool just as photochargers, card cata- the "Readers' Voice" in the Lib~aryJournal, vol. logs, and book selection guides are. 89, no. 12, June 15, 1964, p. 2464. 702 SPECIAL LIBRARIES SDC Develops New Book Purchasing System W. J. CONDON AND C. E. DENT

HE LIBRARY at System Development Cor- the vendor has on hand, an order is placed, T poration had a problem. User complaints requesting shipment the same day; for books about time delays in obtaining books were not available from the first vendor, a second widespread, vocal, and, as it turned out, vendor, then a third, and so forth, is con- legitimate. A sample of recently processed tacted until the title is located or it becomes orders revealed that 98 per cent took 16 or apparent that it is unavailable locally. If the more working days (four calendar weeks or book cannot be obtained locally, it is pur- longer) from the time the library placed the chased directly from the publisher under the orders with a vendor until the items were purchasing procedure outlined below. received by the library. The problem was ag- gravated by the fact that SDC is far removed Purchase Order Systems from the major commercial publishers on the Under the old system, Library acquisitions East Coast. On top of this, the nature of copied order information onto a special req- SDC's business (the design, development, uisition form and sent it to the purchasing and implementation of large computer-based department. Purchasing's method for placing information processing systems) is such that the order was dependent on 1) the source its information needs were often unique and, for the item, and; 2) whether the library with concomitant acquisition problems, diffi- provided a price for the item. cult to handle. 1. When the item was to be obtained from Under the former book ordering proce- a cash-with-order source (a United States dure, which caused so many headaches, in- government agency, or certain nonprofit coming book requests that could not be filled agencies) : from library holdings were accumulated and the orders split between two local book ven- a. If the library provided a price for the dors. Information on each book order was item, a check was obtained from accounts typed on a list, which was mailed to the ~a~able,and a purchase order issued with vendor. The vendor would send those items check enclosed. that were in stock and would order directly b. If the library did not provide a price from the publisher items that were not in for the item, purchasing wrote the agency stock. requesting the price. When the price was With the new system, the library phones a learned, the procedure outlined above was local vendor to determine on-the-shelf avail- followed. ability of a list of book titles (about ten titles 2. When the item was to be obtained from are checked in one phone call). For books -- sources not requiring cash-with-order, a pur- Mr. Condon (left above) is Head of Library chase order was issued requesting confirma- Seruices at System Development Corporation, tion of price. Payment was made from the Sa~ztaMonica, California. Mr. Dent (above invoiced price. right) formerly in the Publications Branch, For all the orders sent out by purchasing, SDC, is presently Material Control Super- a standard SDC purchase order form (hav- visol; nlietal-Cal Division of Avery Products, ing a format certainly not tailored to library Inglewood, California. Photographs are cour- needs) was used. For these library purchases, tesy of SDC. 85 per cent of which had a total price of less DECEMBER 1964 LIBRARY PURCHASE ORDER NP ~~2073 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION as- c-o".- ""S""E 51*7. UO1IC.. CILI.O"*I. The new Library Purchase Order form to the left was custom-designed for ordering

PLEASE SEND THC FOLLOWING ITEM5 BIRLTUmN MAIL library material. A major ~-- : 1 &.O"", breakthrough in the system -1- -1- was the approval to send the vendor a blank check- signed, but with the dollar amount not filled in-when the purchase price is un- known. This use of a blank check has proved one of the most important means of improving order response-time; previously, many cash-with- order purchases required writing the vendor to obtain a price before ordering. Note that a limit of $25 is printed on the face of the check. For items costing more than $25, the library goes through th.e normal purchasing channels.

than $10, the detailed information called for a. The ordering and receiving functions on the standard form was not necessary. are administered by separate persons in In addition to the blank check described the library. above, other new practices were initiated. b. The system is regularly reviewed by 1. Library Administration. The entire pur- SDC auditors. chasing cycle, including signing the check, c. A limit of $25 is printed on the blank is administered within the library with these check. results : 3. Acknowledgment Copy. An acknowledgment copy is sent to the vendor with the a. The purchasing department is relieved library purchase order. A postage-paid en- of the task of handling these orders alto- velope is also enclosed to encourage its re- gether. turn to the SDC Library. This acknowledg- b. Accounts payable's work is minimal. ment copy serves these purposes : The checking account is replenished on a. Notifies SDC of the price of orders the basis of orders issued. that were sent out with a blank check. c. The receiving department no longer has b. Informs the library of the expected to verify the receipt of library materials- shipping date. the receiving verification is handled in the c. Provides other information regarding library. the order. 2. Safeguards. The system was designed with 4. Follow-up. A systematic follow-up was safeguards : installed. A follow-up form is sent to the 704 SPECIAL LIBRARIES vendor after two weeks have elapsed if purchasing department, and receiving has neither the ordered items nor the acknowl- been minimized. But the most dramatic re- edgment copy of the library purchase order sult is the vastly improved service to the has been received. If, a month after the SDC library user. This improved service is follow-up form is sent, there has been no shown graphically in the following "before" response, a letter is sent to the vendor. For and "after" response times : orders going to foreign countries, the time LENGTHOF TIME PERCENTAGES periods for follow-ups are changed to cor- (From order of item by OF ORDERS respond to the lengthened mail time. For- library from vendor to New Old eign orders are sent airmail, and Interna- receipt of item by library) System System tional Reply Coupons are included with the Less than one week 4 0 order for the vendor to purchase airmail 2-3 weeks 47 2 stamps for returning the acknowledgment 4-5 weeks 2 7 12 COPY. 6 or more weeks 2 2 86 Not the least of the benefits of the new system has been a considerable cost saving in Finally, user and library staff morale have man-hours; the clerical effort involved in gone up sharply; this has been the most processing library orders in accounts payable, satisfying result of all. Abstracts of Eastern European Library Literature For explanation of this abstracting and previous abstracts, see Special Libraries, July-August 1964, page 394, and November 1964, page 646.

HIGHQUALIFICATION LIBRARIANS, Bistriteanu A., procedures, (3) promote mechanization, and (4) Calauza Bibliotecavului, 1964, No. 1, pp. 27-29. In enable standardization of coding systems among RUMANIAN. participating libraries. The paper analyzes further The article describes the development of facili- applications of this system in library operations. ties for training librarians in Rumania. Because SIMPLIFYINGTHE CATALOGINGPROCEDURE, Salek, of the steadily increasing demand for qualified F., Konyvtaros (The Librarian), 1964, Vol. 2, pp. library and documentation specialists, a new de- 77-78. In HUNGARIAN. partment of library science was established at the University of Bucharest in the fall of 1963. The According to the UNESCO's suggestion, book study program includes among other subjects doc- catalogs are being eliminated in Hungarian li- umentation theory, audio-visual methods in library braries and are replaced by card catalogs. More- and documentation practice, bibliography, and li- over, the libraries retain copies of order forms for brary history. Graduate students are given the op- books and publications. In cases when the card portunity to do research in various fields of li- catalog does not provide enough information, brary science and documentation. More than 350 these order forms can be consulted. candidates applied for admission to the school. WORKORGANIZATION IN THE PHOTOLABORA- TORY OF A DOCUMENTATIONCENTER, Gara, A., INDEXINGNEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS,Onodi, Tudomanyos es Muszaki Tajekoztatas (Scientific I., Tudoman2or es Muszaki Tajekoztates (Scien- and Technical Information), No. 3, 1964, pp. tific and Technical Information), Jan. 1964, Vol. 189-195. In HUNGARIAN. I, pp. 9-14. In HUNGARIAN. The variety of tasks performed in the photo- On January 1, 1964, a uniform method of laboratory of a documentation center requires a identifying newspapers and periodicals was intro- well-organized coordination of work. Usually duced at the recommendation of the United these laboratories are affiliated with an enterprise Postal and Telecommunication Organization of or agency which determines their operating pol- the Socialist Countries by the member nations of icies and procedures. The author discusses the that organization. Groups of five-digit codes in prohlems of copying and processing documents the number range 10,000 to 99,999 have been with high efficiency as well as the problem of assigned to the member countries (e.g. Hungary making maximum use of equipment. The work is assigned 25,000-29,999). Each country allots done outside the laboratory is analyzed, too. Pro- one of its assigned numbers to each of its publi- cedures for production control and materials in- cations. This system is intended to (1) facilitate ventory are reviewed, and safety measures used in uniform cataloging, (2) simplify administrative photolaboratories are investigated. DECEMBER 1964 Hans Peter Luhn Memorial Meeting

JOINTLY sponsored meeting arranged of building uncontrolled and controlled vo- A by th e SLA New York Chapter Science- cabularies. He was followed by Everett H. Technology Group and the American Docu- Brenner of the American Petroleum Insti- mentation Institute Group was held on No- tute, who delivered a joint paper, co-au- vember 14, 1964, at the New York Hilton thored with Professor Theodore Hines of Hotel. Columbia University, on the structure of vo- The theme of the morning program was cabulary building. He stressed the similarities "Controlled and Uncontrolled Vocabularies." and the differences as well as the mutually The afternoon meeting consisted of concur- related influences of subject heading lists rent sessions dealing with "Microforms: and thesauri. The talk included a very de- New Trends and Hardware and Use," mod- tailed comparative analysis of the ASTIA, erated by Loretta J. Kiersky of the Air Re- Bureau of Ships, Bureau of Reclamation, duction Company with panelist Hubbard W. EJC, and API thesauri. Dr. Vincent F. Guili- Ballou of Columbia University; a "Progress ano of the Arthur D. Little Company humor- Report on the EJC Thesaurus and the Med- ouslv elucidated on statistics for vocabularv lars Project," jointly moderated by Mandalay building, observing that there weren't any Grems of Univac-Sperry Rand and Mrs. over-all solutions to the problem of obtaining Sonia L. Gruen of the Albert Einstein Med- good breadth and depth thesauri. Arthur ical Library, with panelists Paul C. Redner Geiger of IBM FSD concluded the session of the National Library of Medicine and by discussing the inner complexities of com- Frank Spaight of the Engineers Joint Coun- puter-built vocabularies. One interesting ob- cil; "Information Packaging," moderated by servation was that the day was not far off John Markus of McGraw-Hill and paneled when non-Von Neuman machines would be by Robert A. Kennedy of Bell Telephone created to handle the moblem of construct- Laboratories and Ben H. Weil of Esso Re- ing erudite vocabularies. In this observer's search and Engineering; and "Mechaniza- opinion, the morning session certainly was tion of Library Operations" (specifically at no place for the neophyte. the University of Missouri), moderated by The above was not the case with respect Content Peckham of Time Inc., with panelist to the luncheon and the honorable guest of Dr. Ralph Parker of the University of Mis- the day. Professor Ranganathan urged co- souri's Library. operation and pride in the profession The other highlights of the day were the amongst and by librarians, paraphrasing fine luncheon talk given by the distinguished Wendell L. Willkie's one world theme ; the Dr. S. R. Ranganathan (who it might be good librarian felt that this is the mission of li- noted prefers to be referred to as a librarian brarians, no matter what they call themselves. as opposed to a professor) and the closing re- In his summation session, Dr. Wooster ad- marks by Dr. Harold Wooster of the United vanced the opinion that librarians must look States Air Force Office of Scientific Re- elsewhere fo; the solutions to their ~roblems. search. The general areas of needed research He, as well as some others, did not, however, were discussed. cover the inherent philosophical problem of The morning session was prefaced by sev- the proper potential role and place in so- eral very fitting tributes to ADI's Past-Presi- ciety's structure of libraries and librarians. dent, Hans Peter Luhn. All agreed that his Perhaps it is about time that the cart is driving spirit will continue to live on as an placed behind the horse. Anyoue foq 4 pro- inspiration to those involved in the field of fessio fzal soul-searching confereme? the free flow of information. Dr. Julius RALPHC. SIMON,New York Documentation Frome of the National Clearing House of Group Chairman Mental Health gave a very thorough exposi- Librarian, IBM Systems Research Institute tion of the advantages and the disadvantages New York City

706 SPECIAL LIBRARIES "LJ" Looks at Special Librarians will be gathered in a massive program to The November 1, 1964 issue of Library stimulate creative effort among teachers ]oz*mal begins its feature section with three throughout the United States. This year a articles about the special librarian and a one- creatiie teaching contest is expected to bring page introduction with quotes from the most in about 200,000 entries. The reference recent SLA recruitment brochure, Special Li- material is being permanently cataloged, and brariamhip: Information at Work. Paul the library will be open to educators by ap- Wasserman and John Harvey contributed "A pointment. Further details may obtained Management Resource" and "His Character- from the company at 2501 Hudson Road. istics and Education," respectively. The third article, "His Future-Bright or Bleak?" IBM Graphic Retrieval System was written by Alan Rees. According to LJ's IBM recently demonstrated a graphic data introduction, "Paul Wasserman finds a differ- processing system, 360, which will be on the ence in work tempo in special librarianship, market in 1966. The svstem will enable a perhaps generated by economic pressures. person to scan an existing microfilm image John Harvey presents a none too flattering or call out an image stored digitally within a picture of the special librarian's characteris- computer with a special electronic "light tics and examines his educational needs for pen," display it on a screen, change the survival in a faster future. And Alan Rees image with the pen, record the new image takes a look at that future and all it portends permanently on microfilm, and review a pro- for the special librarian." jection of the image 19 times its actual size. All sketches, drawings, diagrams, and graphs Document Retrieval Systems Course can be re-stored in a com~uterand dis- The Center for Information Resources, Inc., played on the screen in the form of lines, a subsidiary of Herner and Company, Wash- points, and other graphic symbols, which can be added to or deleted with the "light ington, D. C., will offer a course on document " A en." retrieval systems during three consecutive When the pen is moved over an image dis- weeks in March 1965, under the leader- played on the screen, it detects light from ship of Cyril Cleverdon of the Cranfield hoints on the screen under the These Project in England. Other lecturers will be responses are transmitted to thi computer, Robert Fairthorne, Saul Herner, and F. W. which can alter its digital representation of Lancaster, all of Herner and Company. The the image. program will outline a methodology for testing document retrieval systems, analyze test Health Science Facility at Western Reserve results, and apply these results to the im- The Center for Documentation and Com- provement of system design and operation. A munication Research, School of Library Sci- workshop will be held in addition to the lec- ence, at Western Reserve University has re- tures. Information concerning registration ceived a $111,908 grant supported by the and fees may be obtained from the Center at National Institutes of Health, to further its 2431 K Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. development of a document research facility 20037. for the health sciences. Research will continue and extend the activities of the Center's Creative Teaching Library Established Comparative Systems Laboratory, which is The Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing designed to provide a methodology for the Company of St. Paul, Minnesota, recently testing and evaluation of information re- established a creative teaching library to trieval systems. A series of experiments will serve as a resource and research center on the be conducted on indexed files in the field, and use of visual aids in the classroom. Materials user groups will cooperate in assessing the DECEMBER 1964 effectiveness and utility of search outputs. CLR Grants A. J. Goldwyn, Executive Director of the The National Bureau of Standards re- Center, is the Laboratory Administrator. ceived $5,000 for the study of automatic Members in the News indexing. The Data Processing Systems Di- vision will carry out the investigation, which ROBERTE. FIDOTEN,former Chief Librarian, is concerned kith subiect anahsis of docu- Republic Aviation Corporation, has accepted ments using computer programs by methods the position of Manager, Information Serv- sim~lerthan those alreadv developed. ices, at the Glass Research Center, Pittsburgh An annotated bibliography of materials Plate Glass Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- on Japan for use by undergraduates partici- vania. pating in its overseas program is being pre- MRS. HAZELI. IZZO, Librarian in the Tech- pared by Lewis and Clark College, Portland, nical Library at Stromberg-Carlson, Roches- Oregon, with the aid of a $1,500 grant. This ter, New York, since 1956, retired recently. project is expected to be a pilot one for other Mrs. Izzo served as SLA Membership Com- area bibliographies. mittee Chairman during 1948-49. MARYFRANCES PINCHES, Librarian and As- Coming Event sociate Professor at Case Institute of Tech- Under the sponsorship of the North Atlantic nology, Cleveland, was the recipient of the Treaty Organization, an ADVANCEDSTUDY Case Achievement Award for making "a dis- INSTITUTEON EVALUATIONOF INFORMA- tinct contribution to the well-being of Case- TION RETRIEVALSYSTEMS will be held in beyond the scope of normal duties. . . ." The Hague, July 12-23, 1965. The Institute MRS. DOLORESC. RENZE,State Archivist of will be limited to 60 participants and is in- Colorado, was recently elected Vice-president tended for those already concerned with the and President-Elect of the Society of Ameri- evaluation of experimental or operational can Archivists. systems or with management or operation of information retrieval systems. Travel and PAULW. RILEY,Librarian, College of Busi- accommodation assistance fellowships are ness Administration, Boston College, has re- available, and details are obtainable from cently been appointed Assistant Director of Cyril Cleverdon, College of Aeronautics, Libraries at the College. Cranfield, Bedfords., England.- March 31 is RALPH C. SIMON, former Librarian, IBM -he deadline. Systems Research Institute, New York City, will become Associate Professor of Library Studies at the University of Hawaii, effective Future SLA Conventions February 1, 1965. 1965 : Philadelphia, June 6-10 MRS.CATHERINE CURRAN SUPINSKI, Librar- Benjamin Franklin Hotel ian for the New York Chamber of Com- 1966 : Minneapolis, May 29-June 2 merce, retired from her position recently. Radisson Hotel MRS. NELL STEINMETZ,Librarian of the 1967: New York City, May 28-June 1 Pacific Aerospace Library, Los Angeles, Cal- Hotel Commodore ifornia, retired this summer. She is working 1968: Los Angeles, June 2-7 part-time for the Mission Bay Research Statler-Hilton Foundation, San Diego as Director of the 1969: Montreal, June 1-5 Oceanic Library and Ocednic Coo~dinate112- Queen Elizabeth dex. 1970: Detroit, June 7-11 CARLJ. WENSRICH,former Head of Profes- Sheraton-Cadillac sional Services at the University of California 1971 : Seattle Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, has recently 1972: Boston been appointed Head of the Reader Services 1973 : Houston Division of the University of California, 1974: Cincinnati Santa Cruz Library. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Book Review Study on "Physics Abstracts" LIBRARY CATALOGS: CHANGING DIMENSIONS. The American Institute of Physics has recently pub- Ruth French Strout ed. Chicago: University of lished The Journal Literature of Physics by Stella Keenan and Pauline Atherton of the Documenta- Chicago Press, 1964. 127 p. $3.75 tion Research Project, which was supported by an As the title indicates, this book describes the NSF grant. This comprehensive study of the pub- many changes in the long and honorable life of lication of physics literature was made by analyzing the library catalog through several centuries up the 1961 issues of Physics Abstracts. Information to the present time and also gives a brief glimpse on 405 journals from 39 countries, a total of into the future. Its slim size is deceptive for it 20,287 articles, was collected. For each article, the presents an exceptional amount of information on year of publication, number of authors, language the subject. The nine well-edited papers it con- of article, type of abstract in PA, and placement tains were given at the 28th Annual Conference in subject categories in PA are now available in of the Graduate Library School of the University machine readable form. The data have been used to of Chicago in August 1963; the papers were rank journals and countries in order of contribu- originally published in the Library Quarterly in tion to PA as a whole and to each subject field January 1764. It is recommended for those seeking within physics. A profile for each country and each a proper perspective on the catalog, both in card journal, in terms of coverage in PA, is presented form and book form. Readers may regret its lack in tabular form as well as the distribution of the of information on the more advanced methods subject content of physics journal literature through- of preparing book-type catalogs such as computer- out the world. The data reported will be used as a operated photocomposition machines, etc. basis for evaluating and improving the coverage of Two papers are strongly historical in nature, the world's physics literature. A review of the data tracing the development of the catalog in America by subject specialists from all fields of physics and and in Europe, respectively. Both papers are well by librarians and documentalists from each country documented, particularly the European account. represented is planned, and comments from read- Duplicate catalogs are discussed in two papers, ers of the report will be welcomed. one for the public library and one for the university library. The public library paper is Aerospace Abstracts Index restricted to the Los Angeles County Public Li- brary, particularly its use of punched card equip- The semi-annual index to all issues of Intema- ment to prepare a variety of book catalogs for tional Aerospace Abs~racts for the first half of all the 117 libraries in its system. The duplicate 1964 is now available from Technical Information university catalogs, which the other paper de- Service, American Institute of Aeronautics and scribes, are essentially supplemental to the card Astronautics, 750 Third Avenue, New York catalog and include both card and book form, al- 10017. The second of four cumulated index vol- though the latter are not the most advanced types. umes for 1764, this semi-annual volume will be The Library of Congress is represented by two followed by a third quarter index and an annual papers. The first traces the development of the cumulative index. A subscription to the cumulative National Union Catalog and also the Library of indexes is $25 a year in the United States and Congress catalogs, giving full treatment to the possessions and $33 elsewhere. many book catalogs involved. The other paper describes the analysis of the LC catalog that was Bibliotherapy Workshop Issue made in connection with the recent automation The "Proceedings of ALA Bibliotherapy Mork- survey in that library. Both papers are filled with shop, St. Louis, June 25-27, 1964," has been ~ub- statistics that would probably be difficult to locate lished as a special issue of AHZL Quarterly, vol. in any other published source. A paper on the no. 4, Summer 1964. Guest editor was William relation of library catalogs to indexing and ab- K. Beatty, SLA Director and Librarian at North- stracting services gives much information on the western University Medical Library. Contents in- use of computers, ranging from KWIC-type include the position papers of the discussants in the dexes to the role of indexing terms in a com- fields of library service, occupational therapy, activ- puter system. Another paper describes a mythical ity therapy, psychiatry, sociology and social work, computer system that gives direct answers to re- nursing, and psychology, Session discussions and questers. A paper dealing with the sources used summary are also included as are names of the to supply the information needs of current sci- attendees, AHIL officers, and "The History and entific workers is done in a competent manner, but Purpose of the Bibliotherapy Workshop" by Ruth it seems out of place in this volume. M. Tews. The Quarterly is published by the As- ELLIS MOUNT, Science and Engineering Librarian sociation of Hospital and Institution Libraries, 50 Columbia University, New York City East Huron Street, Chicago 6061 1. DECEMBER 1964 UDC Revised Engineering Section and other relationships as well as necessary definitions. Prices and further details are available from The British Standards Institution, responsible for EJC, 345 East 47th St., New York 10017. the English version of the Universal Decimal Classification, has published a completely revised Articles on Hospital Libraries and updated section on electrical engineering [B.S. 1000 (621.3)]. This section now is 67 The June 16, 1964 issue of Hospitals contains a pages and includes a 15-page index. Abridged edi- special section, "Health Communications," which tion B.S. 1000 A contains a full introduction to is devoted to various aspects of hospital libraries. the use of UDC and a synopsis of the whole sys- The articles include: "Hospital Libraries: Under- tem. Copies of Electrical Engineering cost E2 and developed Base for Continuing Education," by are available from the BSI Sales Branch, 2 Park Scott Adams; "A Survey of Current Hospital Li- Street, London W. 1. Postage is extra to nonsub- brary Resources" by Raymond H. Giesler and scribers. The Abridged English Editioa of the Helen T. Yast; "Blueprint for a Professional Hos- UDC is E3, and the complete Guide to the U~zi- pital Library," by Henry T. Gartland; and "Por- versa1 Decimal Classification is 15 shillings. trait of a Hospital Library. Reprints of Mr. Scott's article may be obtained from him at the National Special Documentation Issue Library of Medicine, Public Health Service, De- partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Be- The February 1964 issue of Electro Technology, thesda, Maryland. Reprints of the other articles the journal of the Society of Electronic Engineers are not available, but copies of the issue may be in Bangalore, India, was devoted to documenta- ordered for 50 cents from the American Hospital tion. Guest editor was S. R. Ranganathan, and Association, 840 North Lake Shore Drive, Chi- Hubert H. Humphrey, United States Senator from cago 60611. Minnesota and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organizations, Thesis on Private Special Libraries wrote a special message of greetings. Articles cov- Florence E. Johnson's "Private Special Libraries ered aids to retrieval, the field of documentation, as a Public Resource in Metropolitan Chicago," a specialist libraries, the training of documentalists, thesis submitted for an M.A. degree from the and technical writing. Also included was a bibliog- Graduate Library School of the University of Chi- raphy of current literature on documentation ap- cago, is available on loan from SLA Headquarters. pearing in electronic and allied periodicals. Mrs. Johnson is a librarian in Chicago's Municipal Reference Library. Her thesis, completed in June Russian Book Reprints 1964, is an attempt to determine the extent to Micro Photo Division of Bell & Howell Company, which private special libraries (as opposed to those Cleveland, Ohio 44112, plans to reprint books in public or university libraries) in metropolitan selected from Russia and the Soviet Union: A Bib- Chicago act as a public resource. The data ob- liographic Guide to Western Language Publica- tained from 104 libraries identifies the staff, phys- tiom by Paul L. Horecky, scheduled for publica- ical resources, and policies and records the par- tion by the University of Chicago Press. This ticulars about outside requests made by the public work has been prepared under the auspices of during the control period. the Coordinating Committee for Slavic and East European Library Resources. It is expected that the Bliss Classification Bulletin reprints, which will be available some time in The H. W. Wilson Company has recently pub- 1965, will be of good readable quality for scholarly lished vol. 3, no. 1, September 1964, of The Bliss use and study. Classification Bulletin, which is being distributed to Engineering Index Changes all libraries that have adopted the system. This issue contains a substantial number of additions Engineering Index, Inc., the abstracting and index- to the BC in electronics, automatic control, instru- ing organization serving the societies forming the ments for mathematical calculation, and analogue Engineers Joint Council, will, in January 1965, computers. These additions take the form of four pilot-mechanize the electrical-electronics and plas- complete schedules, each providing detail almost tics sections of El with fully automated memory- totally absent in BC. Copies of this issue of the and-search adjuncts. Index tapes will be stored Bulletin are available gratis to interested persons for a monthly current awareness publication and as long as the supply lasts. also for an index for retrospective search and retrieval. The indexes will be cumulative on a semi- annual and annual basis. Battelle Memorial Insti- Book Price Correction tute has contracted to assist in the modernization The price of How to Locate Technical In- project which will make first public use of the formation by Virginia A. Sternberg, re- EJC's Thesaurus of Engineering Terms published viewed in the October 1964 issue of Spe- in the summer of 1964. The Thesaurus, $16.50, cial Libraries, page 586-7, was incorrectly contains over 10,500 terms arranged alphabetically given as $1. The correct price is $4.95. and presented to show synonymous, hierarchical, SPECIAL LIBRARIES "Oceanic Coordinate Index" tion Annual Report, 1963/64. Library Resources The Oceanic Coordinate Index, a guide to national and Technical Sevvices, vol. 8, no. 4, Fall 1964, and international current oceanic literature, was p. 439-40. published in September 1964, the first of a bi- KLEMPNER,Irving M. Methodology for the Com- monthly series. Sponsored by the Mission Bay parative Analysis of Information Storage and Re- Research Foundation of San Diego at its Oceanic trieval Systems: A Critical Review. American Doc- L~brary, 7710 Herschel Avenue. La Jolla, Cali- umentation, vol. 15, no. 3, July 1964, p. 210-16. fornia, OCI is computer-produced, and every ar- . What Is the Importance of Library Stand- ticle indexed in OCZ will be microfilmed and ards? A Report. Canadian Library, September 1964, Xerox copies made available to subscribers at 30 vol. 21, no. 2, p. 96. cents each. The indexing method is based on the MCCLEARY,William. Concerning Standards for Uniterm Coordinate Indexing System. Mrs. Nell Special Libraries. Bulletin of the Louisiana Library Stelnrnetz is Director of the Oceanic Library and Association, vol. 27, no. 3, Fall 1964, p. 113-15. the Index. RICHMOND,Phyllis A. Book Catalogs as Supple- ments to Card Catalogs. Library Resources and New Jersey Chapter Membership Directory Technical Services, vol. 8, no. 4, Fall 1964, p. The SLA New Jersey Chapter has issued its 1964- 359-65. 65 Membership Directory, which may be pur- RICHTER,Anne J. The Frederic Melcher Library of chased from Mrs. Rita L. Goodemote, Schering Books About Books. Library Journal, vol. 89, no. Corporation, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003, for 18, October 15, 1964, p. 4118-20. $1. The 40-page, 8% x 11 booklet consists of three sections: a list of Chapter officers, commit- SELLERS,Rose 2. One Bold Step Forward . . . tees, and Sustaining members; an alphabetical list and Two Cautious Steps Back. Jou~nalof Educa- of organizations, and an alphabetical list of mem- tion for Librarianship, vol. 4, no. 3, Winter 1964, bers with home addresses. p. 143-8. SHOEMAKER,R. J. Newspaper Library a "Morgue" SLA Authors Again. Editor C Pzlblisher, September 5. 1964, p. BALLOU,Hubbard W. Copying Methods Notes. 48. Lib~aryResoun-es and Technical Sertices, vol. 8, SIMONTON,Wesley. The Computerized Catalog: no. 4, Fall 1964, p. 449-55. Possible, Feasible, Desirable? Library Resources and Technical Services, vol. 8, no. 4, Fall 1964, B~oss,Meredith. Responding to Manifest Needs. Library Journal, vol. 89, no. 16, September 15, p. 399-407. 1964, p. 3252-54. . RTSD Cataloging and Classification Sec- tion Annual Report, 1963/64. BRAHM,Walter. Logic or Lip Service? Library Library Resozcrces Journal, vol. 89, no. 15, September 1, 1964, and Technical Services, vol. 8, no. 4, Fall 1964, p. 437-8. p. 3093-8. YENAWINE,Wayne S. and BOAZ, Martha. The BRUTCHER,Constance, et al. Cost Accounting for the Library. Library Resources and Technical Serv- Conferences That Were. Journal of Education for vol. 4, no. 4, Spring 1964, p. 191-5. ices, vol. 8, no. 4, Fall 1964, p. 413-31. Librarianship, CARTER,Mary Duncan, co-author. Building Library New Serials Collections, 2nd. ed. N. Y.: Scarecrow Press, 1964. GERMANMEDICAL RESEARCH (Deutsche Aledi- DOWNS, Robert B. Famous Books: Ancient and zinische Forschung), is a bilingual, monthly, in- Medieval. N. Y.: Barnes and Noble, 1964. pap. ternational publication containing scientific reports 329 p., $1.95 (LC 64-22589) from hospitals and departments for medd re- . Library Cooperation in Kansas City. Col- search in Germany. The journal is published by lege & Research Libraries, vol. 25, no. 5, Septem- Verlag fiir Gesamtmedizin in Berlin and is dis- ber 1964, p. 380-4. tributed in the United States by International Uni- DUNKIN, Paul S. Cataloging and Classification. versity Booksellers, Inc., 30 Irving Place, New Journal of Education for Librarianship, vol. 4, York 10003. Articles are written in English and no. 4, Spring 1964, p. 231-42. German, and the annual subscription rate 1s $18 postpaid. FRIEDLANDER,M. 0. Inside the Company Library. Electronic Design, September 28 and October 26, INFORMATIONDISPLAY, the journal of the Society 1964 issues. for Information Display, is published bimonthly by Information Display Publications, Inc., 160 GRIFFIN, Hillis L. Estimating Data Processing South Robertson Boulevard, Beverly Hills, Cali- Costs in Libraries. College C Research Libraries, fornia, at no charge to Society members and $12 vol. 25, no. 5, September 1964, p. 400-3. a year to nonmembers. This new journal con- HINES, Theodore C. Programmed Learning and cerned with display systems and related technology In-Service Training in Libraries. ALA Bulletin, appears to have above-average interest for special vol. 58, no. 8, September 1964, p. 719-24. librarians. Although the first issue (vol. 1, no. 1, JOHNSON,Robert K. RTSD Copying Methods Sec- September/October 1964) displays an unusually DECEMBER 1964 large number of typographical errors, there is no Conseil), 29th Session, Sofia, September 1-6, 1963 question about the technical competence of the first (Publications Vol. XXVIII) . The Hague: Mar- articles, which deal with the subjects of illumina- tinus Nijhoff, 1964. 285 p. pap. 30 Swiss francs tion of various displays in command centers and or 28.20 Dutch guilders. control of distribution of screen illuminance from Text of the proceedings alternates between a slide projector through proper design of the il- French and English, with Russian and Bulgarian luminating condenser. speeches translated into one or the other language. REPROGRAPHYCOMMITTEE Resolutions are in French, English, and Russian. NUCLEARPHYSICS, a translation of the newly an- LEYLAND,Eric. Libraries in Schools. New York: nounced USSR Academy of Sciences journal, Yadev- Philosophical Library, 1964. 143 p. $4.75. naya Fizika, will be published monthly by the A practical British handbook addressed pri- American Institute of Physics beginning in July marily to teachers faced with the problem of set- 1965. The journal will be devoted to experimental ting up and administering a school library. Chap- and theoretical research on the physics of the nu- ters on policy, planning and equipment, book se- cleus, application of nuclear methods to other lection, classification, cataloging, circulation, etc. areas, cosmic rays, and elementary particle physics. Suggestions for further reading, book selection The subscription price for one year is $70 in the aids. Index. United States, Canada, and Mexico and $74 else- LIBRARYTECHNOLOGY PROJECT, AMERICANLI- where. Orders and inquiries should be sent to De- BRARY ASSOCIATION.Ez~aluation of Record Play partment S at the AIP, 335 East 45th Street, New ers for Libraries, Series I1 (LTP Publication No. York 10017. 8). Chicago: 1964. (68 p.) pap. illus. $6. (L. C. PREPRINTABSTRACTS is an annotated bibliograph- 64-7692) ical listing of the reproduced manuscripts that are A general discussion of record-player equipment, available in the library files of the Preprint Center, followed by 12 reports on individual players as 3025 Shattuck Avenue, Berkeley, California. When evaluated by the United States Testing Company. a manuscript is submitted, the Center duplicates Machines selected are priced from $100 to $200 the manuscript and makes it available at a mini- and designed for use with headphones. Supersedes mum cost. Ab.rtr.act.r, which is sold for $1, lists LTP's first report, The Testing and E~aluutionof speeches, articles, research reports, and other un- Reco~dPlajers for Libraries, published in 1962. published documents of a scientific, educational, NATIONALLEAGUE FOR NURSING.Guide fur the technical, scholarly, literary, or business nature. Deuelopment of Lzbravies in Schools of Nursing, 2nd ed. New York: 10 Columbus Circle, 1964. iii, 19 p. pap. 75e. RECENT REFERENCES A checklist for nursing school librarians. Prepared by JOHNR. SHEPLEY Note.r on State Library Association Activities,. Librarianship 1963-1964. New York: Grolier, Inc., 1964. (21 CANADIANLIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Proceedings, P.) Pap. Apply. 19th Annual Conference, Hulifax, Nova Scotia, Prepared in connection with the ALA confer-. ]une 7-12, 1964. Ottawa: 63 Sparks St., 1964. iv, ence in St. Louis, June 1964. Brief summaries of activities of 41 state associations during the past 96 p. pap. Apply. Theme of the conference was "Libraries and year. Canadian Dualism." Speeches, section reports, RICHARDSON,Ernest Cushing. Some Old Egyp- committee reports, and workshop summaries. Sum- tian Librarians. Berkeley, Calif.: Peacock Press, mary proceedings, general sessions reports, and P. 0. Box 875, 1964. 93 p. pap. $2.25. (L. C. resolutions are in Canadian Libruvy, vol. 2, no. 2, 64-22396) September 1964. Reprint of a lecture and supplementary paper first published in 1911 by Scribner's. The author GARRISON,Guy. A Stateumide Reference Netu'ork (1860.1939) was a well-known librarian and for. W'isconsim Libraries. Madison: Wisconsin Free Egyptologist. Limited edition, 1000 copies. Library Commission, 1964. ix, 111 p. pap. Apply. (Distributed by Free Library Commission to li- YOUNG,Virginia G., ed. The Libfury Trustee: A braries in Wisconsin. Limited number of copies Practical Guzdebook. New York: R. R. Bowker available to libraries and agencies in other states.) Co., 1964. [XI, 184 p. $7.50. (L. C. 64-16780) A report prepared by the Library Research Cen- Articles by various hands cover the duties and ter, Graduate School of Library Science, University qualifications of library trustees, organization of of Illinois. Recommends that cooperative systems the library board, policy-making, relations with of libraries, similar to the present Wisconsin Val- librarian and staff, law and finance. public rela- ley Library Reference System, he established to tions, censorship, etc. Reading list; index. cover the entire state. Tables, distribution maps, bibliography. Bibliographic Tools INTERNATIONALFEDERATION OF LIBRARYASSOCI- Chi1 War Maps in the National Archizfes (Na- ATIONS. Proceedings of the Council (Actes du tional Archives Publication No. 64-12). Wash- SPECIAL LIBRARIES ington, D. C.: General Services Administration, dissertations, arranged by subject classification, National Archives and Records Service, 1964. xii. with cross-references when the subject overlaps. 127 p. pap. illus. 754. (L. C. A64-7308) (Avail- Emphasis is on works published in the United able from Government Printing Office) States in the 20th century. Author index. Describes approximately 8,000 maps, charts, and LIBRARYOF CONGRESS.Reference Department. plans relating to the Civil War and to be found General Reference and Bibliography Division. in the Cartographic Branch of the National John Fitzgerald Kenned?, 1917.1963: A Chrono- Archives. Part I is an over-all listing and descrip- logical List of References. Washington, D. C.: tion of these records; Part I1 gives detailed de- 1964. viii, 68 p. pap. 30C (L. C. 64-60056) scriptions of selected items of special interest. In- (Available from Government Printing Office) dex. Writings by and about the late President up to FANNING,David C. Market Research (Library As- the close of 1963. Arrangement is by year, divided sociation Special Subject List No. 44). London: according to whether Mr. Kennedy was author or The Library Association, 1964. 22 p. pap. 70$ subject, and with books, articles, speeches, reports, (53$ to Library Association members). papers, etc., all jostling one another under these Brief bibliography with occasional annotations. two headings. Includes translations and book re- 125 items, arranged by subject, and including text- views. Not intended as a definitive bibliography, books and periodicals. however; the compilers themselves state that it was FOKTESCUE,G. K. Brrtish Museum Subject Ir~dex, assembled to meet an immediate and pressing de- 7 vols. London: H. Pordes, 529b Finchley Road, mand. Index. 1964. $36 per volume. LEIGH,Robert, comp. Index to Song Books. Stock- A series of five-yearly indexes to British and ton, Calif.: P. 0. Box 4054, 1964. 237 p. $4.95. foreign works published since 1881 to be found A title index to over 11,000 copies of almost in the British Museum. Nineteen volumes have 6,800 songs in 111 song books published between been published to date-seven are out of print and 1933 and 1962. Includes only song books giving are here reprinted in a limited subscription edition. both words and music, published in the United The periods 1901-1905, 1906-1910, 1911-1915, States, and likely to be found in library collections. 1916-1920, 192 1-1925 are each represented by one Alternate titles and memorable lines are cross-in- volume; 1936-1940 is in two volumes. Volumes dexed. No author or composer entries. An ap- may be ordered singly or in sets. All other vol- proval copy may be had by writing the author. umes of the Index are available through Pordes. MARSHALL,John David. Louis Shores: A Bib- HEINZ. Grete and PETERSON,Agnes F., comps. liography. Tallahassee, Fla.: Beta Phi Mu, Gamma hTSDAP Hauptarchiz~: Guide to the Hoowr 112- Chapter, Florida State University Library School, .rtitution Microfilm Collertron (Hoover Institution 1964. 31 p. pap. $2 ($2.25 for mail orders). Bibliographical Series: XVII). Stanford, Calif.: Lists the writings of the Dean of the Florida Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and State University Library School-separate publica- Peace, 1964. xii, 175 p. pap. $4.50. (L. C. 64- tions, forewords to other works, contributions to 17344) other works, and journal contributions-and in- Guide and index to the central archive of the cludes a biographical appreciation by N. Orwin German Nazi Party (NSDAP)-Nationalsoziali- Rush and a hitherto unpublished essay by Dr. stische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) , microfilms of Shores himself. which are held by the Hoover Institution in some 240,000 frames. Arrangement is by subject groups MAXWELLSCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL, INC. Most and by provenance. Two additional collections, on Sigfiifirant New Books on Chernistry/l963. Long Streicher and Himmler, are included although not Island City, N. Y.: 44-01 21st St., 1964. 53 p. part of the Hauptarchiv. Index. Ordering proce- pap. mimeo. Gratis. dure and price list of reels. An annual publication. 139 books, with annota- HOFFMAN,Hester R. The Reader's Advi.rer: An tions or review quotes, and generally limited to Annotated Guide to the Best in Print in Literature, pure chemistry, with books on applied chemistry Biographies, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias. Bibles, and chemical engineering to be listed in a forth- Classics, Drama, Poetry, Fiction, Science, Philos- coming publication. Also lists new reference ophy, Travel, History, 10th ed. rev. New York: works and bibliographies. R. R. Bowker Co., 1964. xxii, 1292 p. $20. (L. C. , Most Significant New Books on Edura- 57-13277) tiun/l963. Long Island City, N. Y.: 44-01 21st Updated, enlarged, expanded, and elephantine. St., 1964. 43 p. pap. mimeo. Gratis. Index. 141 books, similarly annotated. Limited to KRUGER,Arthur N. A Classified Bibliography of books on the theory and practice of education, the Argumentation and Debate. New York and Lon- history of education, and school and teaching or- don: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1964. 400 p. $9.75. ganization. Directories, annual handbooks, and (L. C. 64-11791) school or college textbooks omitted. Select list of 4,223 entries of books, articles from debating new bibliographies and reference works published and speech journals, master's theses, and doctoral in 1963. DECEMBER 1964 --. Most Significant New Books on Mathe- SCHRAMM,Wilbur. The Research on Programed rnatics/1963. Long Island City, N. Y.: 44-01 Instruction: An Annotated Bibliogsaphy (OE- 21st St., 1964. 34 p. pap. mimeo. Gratis. 34034, Bulletin 1964, No. 35). Washington, 111 books, limited to pure mathematics. Pub- D. C.: U. S. Department of Health, Education, lications on applied subjects, computing, etc., to and Welfare, 1964. v, 114 p. pap. 504. (Avail- be covered by a separate annual bibliography. Em- able from Government Printing Office) phasis is on British and American publications, Studies in the field of programed instruction but a number of German, French, Dutch, and published since 1954. Author contributes a gen- Swiss titles are included. Again, a special listing eral introduction comparing and summarizing sig- of new bibliographies and reference works. nificant findings. Author index. MIDWESTINTER-LIBRARY CENTER. Rasely Held SHERROD,John, comp. Populas Books on Nnrledr Scientific Serials in the Mjdwest Inter-Library Cen- Science. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: U. S. Atomic Energy ter, Supplement I. Chicago: 5721 Cottage Grove Commission, P. 0. Box 62, 1964. 18 p. pap. Ave., 1964. 44 p. pap. Gratis. Gratis. First supplement to the basic list published in Two lists: books for adults and for elementary 1963 (see Special Libraries, February 1964, p. and high school students, all by U.S. authors and 124). Lists serials abstracted in Chemical Ab- in print as of December 1963. Most aspects of stracts and Biological Abstracts and acquired by nuclear science are covered, except for military ap- the Midwest Inter-Library Center under a pro- plications. Adult books selected only from those gram designed to increase the availability of for- published since 1958. Directory of publishers. eign scientific information to U. S. scientists. Basic SMITH, R. E. G., ed. Neu~spapersFirst Published list is also still available for the asking. before 1900 in Lancashire, Cheshir.e and zhe Isle MUGRIDGE,Donald H., comp. The Presidents of of Man: A Union List of Holdings in Libraries the United States 1789-1962: A Selected List of and Newspaper Ofices within that Area. London: References. Washington, D. C.: Library of Con- The Library Association, 1964. 47 p. pap. $1.47 gress, 1963. xviii, 159 p. pap. $1. (L. C. 63- to members; $1.82 to non-members. 61781) (Available from Govt. Printing Office) Not a bibliographic guide but a location list of Lists nearly 1,500 books and articles on the existing files. Part 1 gives names and addresses of Presidency and individual Presidents. Individual the libraries and newspaper offices whose holdings Presidents are listed chronologically with sections are represented in the list; Part 2 lists the news- on "Writings" and "Biography" under each. In- papers arranged in alphabetical order of towns. cluded are references to wives and Vice-presidents. Indexes of places and newspaper titles. Subject and author-title indexes. STECKLER,Phyllis B., ed. American Scientific MURPHY,T. C. and MASON,E. Francis, comps. Books, 1963-1964; A Basic Selection of Scientific, Communism: A Selected Bibliography. Port Huen- Technical and Medical Books ns Entered in the eme, Calif.: US. Naval School, Civil Engineer American Book Publishing Record. New York: R. Corps Officers, U.S. Naval Construction Battalion R. Bowker Co., 1964. (x),. . 250 p. $8. (L. C. 62- Center, 1964. iv, 65 p. pap. mimeo. Apply. 18243) Prepared as an aid to school faculties under- Covers the period April 1963-March 1964, sup- taking courses on communism. 572 items-books, plementing the previous two editions. Juveniles Congessional and other reports, periodicals-ar- and texts below the college level excluded. Ar- ranged under subject headings. rangement by Dewey decimal classification. Subject, OKO, Adolph S., comp. Spinoza Bibliography. Bos- author, and title indexes. ton: G. K. Hall & Co., 1964. Prepublication price SYRACUSEPUBLIC LIBRARY.Gold Star List of $30; after October 31, 1964, $40; 10% addi- American Fiction, 1963. Syracuse, N. Y.: 1964. tional charge for outside the U.S. 82 p. pap. $1.25. Over 6,000 references to Spinoza's works in the The 49th annual listing of recommended novels, original and translations, as well as to books, arranged by author and title and also under sub- treatises, and articles dealing with his philosophy ject headings. in many languages. Cards are arranged under such subject headings as "Works," "Philosophical TELEVISIONINFORMATION OFFICE. Teleuision in works with references to Spinoza," "Non-philo- Govemme~zt and Politics: A Bibliog~aph~(TI0 sophical literature and Spinoza," etc. Bibliography Series No. 3). New York: 666 Fifth Ave., 1964. iii, 62 p. pap. Apply. PEDDIE,R. A. Subject Index of Books Published Annotated listing of books, articles, theses and up to and Including 1880, 4 vols. London: H. dissertations, and government reports dealing with Pordes, 529b Finchley Road, 1964. 745, 857, 945, the effect of television on American politics. Di- 872 p. $225 complete set. rectory of publishers; no index. Pamphlet format. Limited re-print edition of 1,000 copies. In- cludes many continental and foreign works as well TILTON,Eva Maude, comp. A Union List of Pub- as those in English. Single volumes available for a lications in Opaque Microforms, 2nd ed. New short time only to libraries already holding part York and London: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1964. of the set at approximately $60 per volume. 744 p. $15. (L. C. 64-11788) SPECIAL LIBRARIES 7,640 entries, arranged by author, and including raphy SB533). Washington, D. C.: 1964. 19 p. both American and European publications. Prices pap. lo@. given in most cases. Directory of publishers; index. Chemistry, engineering, machinery, materials, mechanics, metallurgy, nuclear physics and nuclear TURNER,Mary C., ed. Libros en Venta en His- chemistry, physics and mathematics, patents. panoame'rica y EspaCa. New York: R. R. Bowker Co., 1964. 1,891 p. $25. Union Li~tof Periodicals in the College find Spe- Lists over 87,000 books in Spanish, publications cinl Libraries of Greater Springfield, Massachu- of more than 800 publishers in 19 countries. Each setts, 1963. Springfield, Mass.: [1964]. 136 p. $3. book indexed by author, title, and subject, with (Available from Miriam H. Root, 31 Maple St., publisher and price, following the same format Springfield 3, Mass.) as Books in Print. Subject index and directory of First comprehensive union list of periodicals in publishers. the greater Springfield area. Locates approximately 2,000 periodicals and holdings in 18 libraries; UNION OF INTERNATIONALASSOCIATIONS. Bibli- ography of Proceedings of International Meetings contains volumes, dates, and broken files. Can be Held in 1958. Brussels: Palais d'Egmont, 1964. used as a supplement to the Union List of Serials and 400 p. cloth $10; pap. $8. Netu Serial Titles. Covers 1,620 reports produced in connection UNITEDSTATES SENATE SUBCOMMITTEE ON IN- with 1,180 international conferences, congresses, TERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSOF THE COMMIT- symposia, roundtables, etc., including specialist TEE ON GOVERNMENTOPERATIONS. Metropolitan and technical meetings held under the auspices of America: A Selected Bibliography. Washington, the United Nations. Summary of contents in Eng- D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1964. v, 37 p. lish and/or French. Author, subject, UDC indexes. pap. Apply. Annotated listing of books, reports, and mono- United Nations Documents Index: Cumulaiive graphs, both general and specialized, covering Checklist, Volume 14, 1963. New York: United broad ("Origin and Growth of Cities," "Metrop- Nations, 1964. viii, 245 p. pap. $4. olis in Ferment," "The Shape of Things to Come," Consolidates the 12 monthly issues of the etc.) and particular ("Metropolitan Organiza- United Nations Documents Index, listing in docu- tions," "Decisionmaking," "Air Pollution," "Urban ment symbol order all documents and publications Renewal," etc.) aspects of urban life. Index. issued by the United Nations during the year. WALFORD,A. J., ed. A Guide to Foreign Lnu- U. S. DEPARTMENTOF COMMERCEOFFICE OF guage Grammars and Dictionaries. London: The TECHNICALSERVICES. PL-480 Translation Pro- Library Association, 1964. 132 p. pap. 34.20; gram, Part I: Agriculture, Food, Fishes, Forestry $3.15 to members. (OTS Selective Bibliography SB530). Washing- Evaluates grammars and dictionaries in print ton, D. C.: 1964. 18 p. pap. lo#. for French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, German, The PL-480 Translation Program is financed the Scandinavian languages (including Icelandic with currencies in Israel, Poland, and Yugoslavia and Faroese), and Russian. Excellent presentation; under the terms of the Agricultural Trade Devel- concise annotation; additional notes on special opment and Assistance Act of 1954. As of January publications (commercial and technical, bibliogra- 1964, approximately 112,000 pages of translation phies, etc.) and gramophone records. Index. from Russian, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian have been completed under the program, and are avail- WILFORD,Enid L. Architecture, Building and En- able to the public. Part I lists translations on gineering (PACAF Basic Bibliographies for Base animal husbandry, fishes, food, forestry, pest con- Libraries). San Francisco: 1964. vi, 72 p. pap. trol, plant cultivation, soils, and agriculture in spiral binding. Apply. (Available from Com- general. mander-in-Chief, Pacific Air Forces, ATTN: -- . PL-480 Translation Program, Part 11: PFPPS-P, Command Librarian, APO 953, San Francisco. Calif. ) Biological Sciences (OTS Selective Bibliography Suggested books for the Air Force base library. SB531). Washington, D. C.: 1964. 12 p. pap. 106. Annotated. List of periodicals; author-title index. Translations made under the above program Supersedes PACAF bibliography Architecture, and covering biochemistry, botany (for forests, see Building and Engineering, dated May 1, 1960. Part I), microbiology, neurology and psychiatry, pathology, physiology, radiobiology, zoology (for WITHERELL,Julian W., comp. Oficial Publica- fishes, see Part I), and general biological sciences. tions of French Equatorial Africa, French Cam- -- . PL-480 Translation Program, Part IZI: eloons, nnd Togo, 1946-1958: A Guide. Wash- ington, D. C.: Library of Congress, 1964. xi, 78 Ecrrth Sciences (OTS Selective Bibliography p. pap. 506. (L. C. 64-60029) (Available from SB532). Washington, D. C.: 1964. 8 p. pap. 106. Government Printing Office) Climatology and meteorology, geodesy and geol- Publications issued during the Fourth Republic ogy, hydrology, oceanography, soil science (see by the government of French Equatorial Africa also Part I), and general earth sciences. and its four component territories (Chad. Gabon, . PL-480 Translation Program, Part IV: the Middle Congo, and Ubangi-Shari), the French Science and Technology (OTS Selective Bibliog- Cameroons, and Togo, with selected documents of DECEMBER 1964 the French Government relating to its administra- expressions. Biographical and geographical section of these countries and United Nations pub- tions are included among the numerous appen- lications bearing directly on the trust territories of dices. The German-English part, likewise in two the French Cameroons and Togo. 405 entries. In- volumes, is still in preparation. dex. PARKHI,R. S. Decimal Classification and Colon Directories Classification in Perspective (Ranganathan Series AMERICANGEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. Directory of in Library Science, no. 11). Bombay: Asia Pub- Geoscience Departments in the Colleges and Uni- lishing House, 1964. xix, 545 p. $15.50. (Distr. fjersities of the United States and Canada. Wash- by Taplinger Publishing Co., 119 West 57th St., ington, D. C.: 1444 N St., N. W., 1964. vii, 151 New York) p. pap. $3. (L. C. 52-63089) A comparative study of the Dewey Decimal Replaces the 1962 edition of the same title. In- Classification system and the Colon Classification formation on 325 departments offering a major in developed by S. R. Ranganathan. Index. geology, geophysics, oceanography, and related sciences. Major marine institutes and departments Dictionaries of oceanography are included for the first time, DUNNER, Joseph, ed. Dictionary of Political except those whose courses are primarily in ma- Science. New York: Philosophical Library, 1964. rine biology. Includes an alphabetical listing of xxii, 585 p. $10. (L. C. 63-15600) 2,100 faculty members, a section devoted to col- Terms current in political theory and practice, leges that offer some courses in the geological summaries of important historical events, descrip- sciences but not at present a major, and finally tions of nations, brief biographies of political data on the availability of financial assistance at figures. A loose hodge-podge that does not come the degree-granting institutions. up to its title. CATTELL (JAQUES) PRESS, eds. Directory of KOTZ, Samuel. Russian-English Dictionary of American Scholars, Vol. IV: Philosophy, Religion Statistical Terms and Expressions and Ru.rsian and Law, 4th ed. New York: R. R. Bowker Co., Reader in Statistics (University of North Carolina 1964. xii, 220 p. $15. (L. C. 57-9125) Monograph Series in Probability and Statistics No. Fourth and final volume of the series. Approxi- 1). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina mately 4,200 biographies. Press, 1964. xviii, 115 p. $7.50. (L. C. 64-16840) Directory of British Scientists, 1964-65. New Over 5,000 terms current in Soviet statistical York: R. R. Bowker Co., 1964. xxx, 2003 p. science or drawn from closely related fields such $20.58. (L. C. 63-11074) as the theory of games, queueing theory, informa- About 45,000 biographical sketches, a 50 per tion theory, etc. Part 11, the Russian Reader in cent increase over the 1963 edition. Lists of scien- Statistics, contains short sentences with interlinear tific societies and their journals, other scientific translation. Appendix lists Russian transliterations periodicals, and research establishments; subject of names of some Western statisticians and mathe- ~ndex. maticians. Selected bibliography. Gee& Who's Who, 1962. Athens: Greek "Who's MARTON,Tibor W. Foreign-Ldnguage and English Dictionaries in the Physical Sciences and Engzneeu- Who" Publishing Co., 9 Valaoritou St., 1962. 576 p. pap. $8. ing. A Selected Bibliography 1952 to 1963 (Na- tional Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publi- In Greek. 2,500 biographical sketches of prom- cation 258). Washington, D. c.: U. S. Department inent personalities in all walks of life. of Commerce, 1964. 189 p. pap. $125. (L. C. LONG,Marie Ann, comp. Directory of Library Re- 64-60041) (Available from Government Printing sources in Wisconsin. Madison: Wisconsin Library Office) Association, 1964. (136 p.) pap. $1.50 (Available An unannotated list of over 2,800 unilingual, from Madison Public Library, 206 N. Carroll bilingual, and polyglot dictionaries, glossaries, Street, Madison. Wisconsin) and encyclopedias, the majority having English as Libraries in Wisconsin arranged alphabetically the source or target language. Entries, arranged by cities, with address, telephone, librarian, hours, under 49 subject headings, are listed alphabetically policy, special services, and resources. Subject by language within each subject, and within each index. language group by author. 47 foreign languages STEPHENSON,G. R. comp. Directory oJ Northern represented. Bibliographic references; author, lan- Special Library Resou~ces.Ashington, Northumber- guage, and subject indexes. land, England: Library Association, Reference SPRINGER,Otto, ed. Langenscheidt's New Muret- Special & Information Section (Northern Group), Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary, Part I, English- 1964. (24 p. pap. mimeo. $1, free to contribu- German, vol. 2, N-Z. New York: Barnes & tors). (Available from Treasurer, Northumberland Noble, Inc., 1964. vi, 885-1844 p. $17.50. County Technical College Library, Hawthorn The two volumes together contain 180,000 main Road, Ashington, Northumberland) entries in English, with what would seem to be Lists industrial and scientific libraries and tech- ample translation, sample usage, and idiomatic nical colleges in Cumberland, North Cumberland, SPECIAL LIBRARIES Durham, and Teesside, with name of librarian, Polymers A to Amino Acids. New York: Inter- hours, subject interests, special collections, photo- science, 1964. xviii, 893 p. illus. $40 subscription, copying facilities, and lending procedures. Index. $50 single copy. (L. C. 64-22188) Planned as a full coverage of polymer science UNITED STATES AIR FORCE, OFFICE OF AERO- and technology. Properties, methods, manufactur- SPACE RESEARCH. Air Force Research Resumes, ing processes, as well as broad treatments of 1963, vol. 4 (OAR-016). Washington, D. C.: theoretical fundamentals. Subjects of each article 1964. viii, 578 p. pap. Apply. (Available from are discussed strictly from the polymer point of U. S. Department of Commerce, OTS, Washing- view. Many cross references; charts, tables, dia- ton, D. C.) grams, illustrations. Lengthy biblographies ap- Formerly entitled De- Basic Research Resumes. pended to each article; all articles signed. scribes over 2,100 active in-house and contractual research efforts (research efforts, not publications, as is stressed in the Introduction) supported by Miscellaneous the OAR, arranged under 24 broad subject head- GATLAND,K. W. Spacecraft and Boosters: The ings and indexed by contractor, principal investi- First Comprehensive Analysis of More than Sev- gator, and contract number. enty U. S. and Soviet Space Launchings, 1961. London: Iliffe Books Ltd.; Los Angeles: Aero VON BUSSE,Gisela, ed. Handbook on the Inter- Publishers, 1964. 296 p. illus. $13. (L. C. 64- 3rd ed., rev. national Exchange of Publications, 15746) Paris: UNESCO, Place de Fontenoy, 1964. 768 p. Details of all known launchings, successful and pap. $7.50. unsuccessful, carried out in 1961. Satellites, space In English, French, Spanish, and Russian. Ana- probes, and test-vehicles are arranged chronologi- lyzes the development of exchanges in 124 coun- cally, followed by a section on launching vehicles tries and territories, and lists 94 national exchange in alphabetical order. Further volumes are centers and 149 bibliographical information cen- planned. Index. ters. Select list of current international directories; subject index; index to countries. W~ssor;,Donald, comp. American Agencies In- CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING terested in In~ernationalAffairs, 5th ed. New York Positions open and wanted-50 cents per line; and London: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964. x, 200 p. minimum charge $1.50. Other classifieds-7s cents $5.50. (L. C. 64-22497) a fine; $2.21, minimum. Copy must be received by Published for the Council on Foreign Rela- tenth of month preceding month of publication. tions. Lists purposes, organization, activities, staff and membership, finance, study facilities, and POSITIONS OPEN publications of more than 150 United States groups engaged in the study and dissemination of ASSISTANT CHEMICAL L~~RA~lA~-Challenging information on world affairs. Also lists over 100 opening in Technical Information Service of Re- foreign chambers of commerce and information search and Development laboratory near Philadel- bureaus. Subject and personnel indexes. phia. Review current literature and select material for alerting bulletins, perform literature searches, Who's Who, 1964. London: Adam & Charles handle reference inquiries, some cataloging and Black; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1964. 36, indexing. B.S. in chemistry required plus knowl- viii, 3390 p. $25. (L. C. 4-16933) edge of one or more foreign languages. Library The 116th issue of the famous annual. training or experience desirable. Send resume with salary requirements to: L. B. Mark. American Yugoslav Scientific Research Directory, 1964 Viscose Division, FMC Corporation, 1617 Penn- (OTS 64-11452). Belgrade: Nolit Publishing sylvania Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania House, 1964. 590 p. pap. $6. (Available from 19103. An equal opportunity employer. OTS, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washing- BUSINESSAND SCIENCELIBRARIAN-Salary range, ton, D. C. ) $4,500-$5,580. New department to be developed. Data on Yugoslav institutions sponsoring sci- 5th year degree required; experience preferred. entific research, research institutions grouped by Knowledge of audio-visual service will be an asset. scientific discipline, academies of sciences, uni- Municipal retirement and other fringe benefits. 40 versities, auxiliary scientific institutions, inter- hours per week. Air-conditioned building. Cata- national scientific relations, scientific unions, loger: Salary range, $4,500-$5,580. 5th year degree leagues, societies, etc. Laws governing the organ- required. Experience preferred. Young Adult Li- ization and financing of research; register of legal brarian: Salary range, $3,780-$4,680. B.A. degree with library science major required. Course must prescripts, 1945-1962. Index of publications: sub- have included young adult literature. Apply to ject, geographical, and alphabetical indexes of sci- Abilene Public Library, 202 Cedar Street, Abilene, entific institutions : index of names. Texas 79601.

Encyclopedias CATALOGER-SC~~~C~background preferred. Le- high University. Department well organized with En~~clopediaof Polymer Science and Technology: adequate clerical assistance. Library has newly es- Plastics, Resins, Rubbers, Fibe~~,Vo1. I: Ablative tablished Center for the Information Sciences. Beth- DECEMBER 1964 lehem, Pa., 90 miles from New York City, 50 miles from Philadelphia. Tames D. Mack, Librar- ian. LIBRARIANREFEREKCE-For organization serving aerospace industry on nationwide basis. Busy, service-oriented operation. Must handle own cor- THE LIBRARY respondence, telephone inquiries. Technical experience essential. Send complete resume, including salary information to Box C 5. ASSOCIATION TECHNICALINFORMATION SPECIALIST-Our ex- panding research activities offer excellent opportunity for Technical Information Specialist. Duties include complete responsibility for technical library operations, information retrieval services, patent search assistance, and related functions. Prefer degrees in chemistry and library science plus 3-5 years technical experience. Pleasant work- NOW IN A REVISED REPRINT ing environment in new suburban research center. Please send resume and salary requirements in confidence to Employment Office, Kerr-McGee Oil Industries, Inc., Oklahoma City 2, Oklahoma. An equal opportunity employer. Special Materials UNIVERSITYOF MICHIGAN,Ann Arbor-Dentistry Librarian: Serves as head of Dentistry Library of 22,000 volumes; gives reference and bibliographic in the Library assistance to faculty and students of School of Dentistry; selects publications for purchase; assists in planning new dentistry library expected to be completed in 1967. Graduate library degree; reference or other professional experience in accred- A series of 14 lectures covering: ited medical or dental library. $7,200. Position open July 1, 1965 ; earlier appointment possible. Chemistry-Pharmacy Librarian: Serves as head of 0 Government Publications Chemistry-Pharmacy Library of 30,000 volumes; performs book selection and collection develop- 0 Foreign Literature ment; provides reference service to students and faculty. 'Graduate library degree; two years of Report and Trade Literature professional library experience, preferably including public service; some knowledge of chemistry 0 Local History and Maps or pharmacy desirable. $7,200. Higher salaries possible for persons with extensive relevant ex- Music and Recordings perience or subject background. Apply to Miss Marjorie M. Tompkins, Personnel and Budget Of- 0 Audio-visual Materials ficer. Microtexts POSITIONS WANTED LIBRARIAN-Woman. M.A.L.S. Ten years library experience, wishes position in business, advertis- Edited by ing, or insurance library. Midwest preferred. Write Box B136. J. BURKETT and T. S. MORGAN

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES LIBRARIAN LIBRARIAN- A librarian with Scientific background LITERATURE SEARCH is needed to supervise a technical Resourceful and imaginative librarian re- library. Duties include supervising, quired by Glass Research Center to provide planning for future growth, assisting literature searching service to scientific, en- Engineers in the preparation of bib- gineering and management personnel. Uti- lize collection of Laboratory Library and liographies, literature searches, and resources available in Greater Pittsburgh reviews, plus some general library area. work. Experience in science/technology library and familiarity with science reference tools Degree in Library Science required. essential. College background should be Additional study or degree in Chemis- strong in science. Should be interested in working with team to develop mechanized try, Physics, or other related science information retrieval system. Library/Infor- highly desirable. mation Science degree desirable. Excellent working conditions and com- Excellent fringe benefits. Opportunity pany benefits. Salary open, commensurate for further study. Send resume and with education and experience. salary requirements to: Send complete resume in confidence to: Mr. Earle Phillips, Jr., Manager A. Zouck E. Administrative Services Section Manager-Laboratory Services Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company Homer Research Laboratories Glass Research Center Bethlehem Steel Company P.0. Box 11472 Bethlehem, Penna., 1801 6 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238 An Equal Opportunity Employer

WANTED SWETS & ZElTLlNGER Keizersgracht 471 & 487 ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN Amsterdam-C. Holland Publishers and Library Agents for Technical Library Current Subscriptions Periodicals, Sets, Backfiles, and Separate Prefer person with 1 to 2 years Volumes. experience in a technical library. American Representatrue Should have degree in Physical Sci- ence plus a Library Science degree. WALTER D. LANTZ 555 WOODSIDE AVE., BERWYN, PA. Language proficiency, indexing Suburban Philadelphia Phone: Niagara 4-4944 and cataloguing experience helpful. Please send resume to: Proceedings of the International Copen- THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY hagen Congress on the Scientific Study Rocky Flats Division of Mental Retardation -held in Denmark August 7-14, 1964, will be Technical Employment published by the end of this year containing 159 P. 0. Box 888 papers, abstracts from exhibitions etc. In this book you will find the latest results of Golden, Colorado 80402 medical, social and pedagogical-psychological re- (Operating Contractor for the search in the field of Mental Retardation. Place your order with: Atomic Energy Commission) Statens Andssvageforsorg, Price: $5,- An Equal Opportunity Employer Falkoner All6 1, or D.Cr. 35,- Can Consider Only U.S. Citizens Copenhagen F, Denmark.

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