The Economist February 2Nd 2008
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Israeli Media Self-Censorship During the Second Lebanon War
conflict & communication online, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2019 www.cco.regener-online.de ISSN 1618-0747 Sagi Elbaz & Daniel Bar-Tal Voluntary silence: Israeli media self-censorship during the Second Lebanon War Kurzfassung: Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Charakteristika der Selbstzensur im Allgemeinen, und insbesondere in den Massenmedien, im Hinblick auf Erzählungen von politischer Gewalt, einschließlich Motivation und Auswirkungen von Selbstzensur. Es präsentiert zunächst eine breite theoretische Konzeptualisierung der Selbstzensur und konzentriert sich dann auf seine mediale Praxis. Als Fallstudie wurde die Darstellung des Zweiten Libanonkrieges in den israelischen Medien untersucht. Um Selbstzensur als einen der Gründe für die Dominanz hegemonialer Erzählungen in den Medien zu untersuchen, führten die Autoren Inhaltsanalysen und Tiefeninterviews mit ehemaligen und aktuellen Journalisten durch. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen zeigen, dass israelische Journalisten die Selbstzensur weitverbreitet einsetzen, ihre Motivation, sie zu praktizieren, und die Auswirkungen ihrer Anwendung auf die Gesellschaft. Abstract: This article describes the characteristics of self-censorship in general, specifically in mass media, with regard to narratives of political violence, including motivations for and effects of practicing self-censorship. It first presents a broad theoretical conceptualization of self-censorship, and then focuses on its practice in media. The case study examined the representation of The Second Lebanon War in the Israeli national media. The authors carried out content analysis and in-depth interviews with former and current journalists in order to investigate one of the reasons for the dominance of the hegemonic narrative in the media – namely, self-censorship. Indeed, the analysis revealed widespread use of self-censorship by Israeli journalists, their motivations for practicing it, and the effects of its use on the society. -
Burgernomics: a Big Mac Guide to Purchasing Power Parity
Burgernomics: A Big Mac™ Guide to Purchasing Power Parity Michael R. Pakko and Patricia S. Pollard ne of the foundations of international The attractive feature of the Big Mac as an indi- economics is the theory of purchasing cator of PPP is its uniform composition. With few power parity (PPP), which states that price exceptions, the component ingredients of the Big O Mac are the same everywhere around the globe. levels in any two countries should be identical after converting prices into a common currency. As a (See the boxed insert, “Two All Chicken Patties?”) theoretical proposition, PPP has long served as the For that reason, the Big Mac serves as a convenient basis for theories of international price determina- market basket of goods through which the purchas- tion and the conditions under which international ing power of different currencies can be compared. markets adjust to attain long-term equilibrium. As As with broader measures, however, the Big Mac an empirical matter, however, PPP has been a more standard often fails to meet the demanding tests of elusive concept. PPP. In this article, we review the fundamental theory Applications and empirical tests of PPP often of PPP and describe some of the reasons why it refer to a broad “market basket” of goods that is might not be expected to hold as a practical matter. intended to be representative of consumer spending Throughout, we use the Big Mac data as an illustra- patterns. For example, a data set known as the Penn tive example. In the process, we also demonstrate World Tables (PWT) constructs measures of PPP for the value of the Big Mac sandwich as a palatable countries around the world using benchmark sur- measure of PPP. -
The Big Mac Index: a Shortcut to Inflation and Exchange Rate
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Clute Institute: Journals International Business & Economics Research Journal – July/August 2014 Volume 13, Number 4 The Big Mac Index: A Shortcut To Inflation And Exchange Rate Dynamics? Price Tracking And Predictive Properties Luis San Vicente Portes, Montclair State University, USA Vidya Atal, Montclair State University, USA ABSTRACT The Economist magazine has been publishing the Big Mac Index using it as a rule of thumb to determine the over- or under-valuation of international currencies based on the theory of Purchasing Power Parity since 1986. According to the theory, using the Big Mac as a tradable single-good basket, the Dollar-value of the hamburger should be equalized around the world due to arbitrage. The popularity and following of the Big Mac Index led the authors to the following two questions: 1) How effective is the Big Mac price as an indicator of overall inflation? and 2) how accurate are exchange rate movement predictions based on Big Mac prices? They find that Big Mac prices tend to lag overall inflation rates, which is highly important in studies that use Big Mac prices as measures of affordability or real incomes over time. As a guide to exchange rate movements, there is support for the theory of Purchasing Power Parity, but only as a qualitative indicator of movement in the nominal exchange rate in rich and economically stable countries, proving less effective in forecasting exchange rate movements in emerging markets. The statistical analysis is carried out using data from 1986 to 2012 from The Economist and from the World Bank for 54 countries. -
Apple Indices As a New Informal Measure of Purchasing Power Parity 109
H. Joši þ, A. Bariši þ: Apple indices as a new informal measure of purchasing power parity 109 PREGLEDNI RAD UDK: 339-133.3:<061.6:004> Hrvoje Joši þ, Ph.D. * Antea Bariši þ, mag. oec. ** APPLE INDICES AS A NEW INFORMAL MEASURE OF PURCHASING POWER PARITY APPLEOVI INDEKSI KAO NOVI NEFORMALAN NA ÿIN MJERENJA PARITETA KUPOVNE MO ýI ABSTRACT: This paper examines the validity of the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory, using 12 different single-product baskets of Apple devices. Given the presented advantages of Apple indices as PPP measurement in comparison to the most prominent informal index- the Big Mac index (BMI), they are therefore pointed out to be more ade- quate modern measures of PPP. Presented study investigates if the theory holds for different products within the same niche across 37 countries. Furthermore, this paper presents results of cross country ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis of the data for 6 different Apple products. Results point out that most-favoured nation (MFN) duty rates and sales taxes together with additional duties and taxes are main factors that affect currency valua- tion against the U.S. dollar. In contrary to BMI, Apple indices indicate real undervaluation of most of the national currencies against the U.S. dollar and have also shown to be more supportive to the PPP validity than the BMI. KEY WORDS: Law of one price, Purchasing power parity theory, Apple indices, Big Mac index. SAŽETAK: Ovaj Ālanak ispituje valjanost teorije pariteta kupovne mo þi (PPP) ko- riste þi 12 razli Āitih proizvoda iz košarice Appleovih proizvoda. -
A DOCUMENTARY by CATHRYN COLLINS 88 Minutes 2010 in English and Russian with English Subtitles
A DOCUMENTARY BY CATHRYN COLLINS 88 minutes 2010 In English and Russian with English subtitles Distributor Contact: SEVENTH ART RELEASING 1614 N. Fairfax Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90046 phone (323) 845-1455 fax (323) 845-4717 [email protected] www.7thart.com SYNOPSIS 329 words Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky, formerly the wealthiest man in Russia, was arrested at gunpoint on a snowy Siberian runway on October 25, 2003. After challenging the absolute power of President Vladimir Putin in the name of an open society, his oil company, YUKOS, was seized, followed by a trial that caused international outrage. He remains defiantly imprisoned and is currently being tried on new charges of having stolen a larger sum from YUKOS than its annual gross receipts. Khodorkovsky’s life, the way in which he rose to prominence and the dramatic circumstances of his fall, are a chilling metaphor for the violent political and socioeconomic changes occurring in Russia in the last two decades. VLAST (POWER) shows how liberty and the rule of law have become casualties of the new Russia in a compelling scenario of political intrigue in an oil dependent economy. Exemplifying the wide net cast to bring down Khodorkovsky’s empire, VLAST (POWER) tells the stories of several key members of his inner circle, of their persecution and destruction of their lives. It highlights the unchecked idealism that characterizes the earliest generation of “new Russians,” the best and the brightest who were handpicked as lieutenants by Khodorkovsky, young people who came of age with the fall of the Berlin Wall, inspired by prospects of democracy and an open society. -
Burgernomics: an Instructional Case on the Law of One Price Carolin E
Journal of Business Case Studies – Second Quarter 2016 Volume 12, Number 2 Burgernomics: An Instructional Case On The Law Of One Price Carolin E. Schmidt, Heilbronn University, Germany ABSTRACT Jane just moved back to her hometown in Western New York to start a job at a bank. One evening, she meets her old friend Sally, who traveled the world for the past five months and tells Jane about her experiences with the different price levels in all the countries that she visited. Jane, being a recent graduate in international economics and finance, understands the underlying dynamics that are due to exchange rate theory and sheds light on the price discrepancies prevailing between the different currencies. This case focuses on the construction of the Big Mac index and on conveying the theoretical basis of the index (Purchasing Power Parity and the Law of One Price) to undergraduate students in business and economics. It is appropriate for use in undergraduate courses such as international finance, financial markets or international economics. It could also be used in (international) marketing courses to show the importance of product pricing. Keywords: Law of One Price; Purchasing Power Parity; Exchange Rate Theory; Big Mac Index LEARNING OBJECTIVES ndergraduate students often struggle with the alleged irrelevance of economic theories for their future careers in the corporate world. Fortunately, in 1986, The Economist invented the Big Mac index to U “make exchange-rate theory more digestible” (The Economist, 2015). This teaching case uses the Big Mac index to convey the Law of One Price and Purchasing Power Parity Theory to undergraduate business and economics students. -
Military and Strategic Affairs Strategic Affairs Volume 1 | No
Military Military and Military and Strategic Affairs Strategic Strategic Affairs Volume 1 | No. 2 | October 2009 Volume 1 Volume THREE YEARS SINCE THE SECOND LEBANON WAR CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS | No. 2 No. Opening Remarks Gabriel Siboni | October 2009 The Second Lebanon War: Lessons on the Strategic Level Giora Eiland The IDF in the Years before the Second Lebanon War Moshe Kaplinsky 1701: A Worthless Security Council Resolution? Oded Eran Hizbollah: The Battle over Lebanon Eyal Zisser The Second1 Lebanon War: Achievements and Failures Dan Haloutz The Second Lebanon War as a Watershed Gabriel Siboni and Amir Kulick ÈÓ‡φÔÂÁËÈ·†È¯˜ÁÓφÔÂÎÓ‰ THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES INCORPORATING THE JAFFEE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AT TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY ·È·‡≠Ï˙†˙ËÈÒ¯·È‡ ÈÓ‡φÔÂÁËÈ·†È¯˜ÁÓφÔÂÎÓ‰ THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES INCORPORATING THE JAFFEE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES AT TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY ·È·‡≠Ï˙†˙ËÈÒ¯·È‡· Military and Strategic Affairs Volume 1 | No. 2 | October 2009 THREE YEARS SINCE THE SECOND LEBANON WAR CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS CONTENTS Opening Remarks | 3 Gabriel Siboni The Second Lebanon War: Lessons on the Strategic Level | 9 Giora Eiland The IDF in the Years before the Second Lebanon War | 25 Moshe Kaplinsky 1701: A Worthless Security Council Resolution? | 39 Oded Eran Hizbollah: The Battle over Lebanon | 47 Eyal Zisser The Second Lebanon War: Achievements and Failures | 61 Dan Haloutz The Second Lebanon War as a Watershed | 73 Gabriel Siboni and Amir Kulick Military and The purpose of Military and Strategic Affairs is to stimulate Strategic Affairs and enrich the public debate on military issues relating to Israel’s national security. -
Revue VIH/Sida, Droit Et Politiques 13(1) — Juillet 2008
Réseau juridique canadien VIH/sida REVUE VIH/SIDA, DROIT ET POLITIQUES VOLUME 13, NUMÉRO 1, JUILLET 2008 Livraison tardive – Première mondiale par le Régime canadien d’accès aux médicaments Quatre ans (à un mois près) après l’adoption d’une loi par le Parlement canadien pour permettre la four- niture de médicaments moins chers à des pays en développement qui en ont besoin, la première exporta- tion est finalement sur le point de se réaliser. Dans le présent article, Richard Elliott présente un aperçu des récents développements liés au Régime canadien d’accès aux médicaments (RCAM) et il souligne d’importants éléments à réformer pour désencombrer le régime afin qu’il soit utilisé plus facilement pour répondre à des problèmes de santé du monde en développement. Les règles de l’OMC et la loi canadienne sur l’exportation de médicaments génériques Dans ce numéro En vertu du traité de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) Thaïlande – Le gouvernement en matière de propriété intellectuelle, l’Accord sur les aspects de ravive sa guerre contre la drogue 38 propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (« l’Accord sur Canada – Projet de loi prévoyant des les ADPIC »),1 les États membres sont tenus d’accorder des droits peines minimales obligatoires pour exclusifs de brevets pour les médicaments. Ils conservent cependant des infractions liées à la drogue 28 le droit d’accorder des licences obligatoires, qui autorisent légalement la production de versions génériques pouvant être vendues moins R.-U. – Élaborer des lignes directrices sur les poursuites cher, en échange de redevances à être versées au titulaire du brevet. -
Why Does This Matter?
01 HOW VLADIMIR PUTIN USES THE POWER OF THE RUSSIAN STATE TO UNDERMINE DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS & THREATEN OUR WAY OF LIFE Vladimir Putin is waging a war on western democracy. His goal is clear: to undermine our values, weaken our institutions and WHY DOES disrupt the global order. It is a war on truth and our ability to distinguish fact from fiction. THIS MATTER? The Kremlin’s interference in judicial systems and national elections across the West shows that the war has entered a new phase. It deploys western law firms, secret intelligence operations, cyber-warfare, state-funded propaganda and Internet ‘trolls’. The events described in this booklet reveal a clear pattern. Whether it is murdering opponents, intimidating judges, fun- ding extreme-right parties, expropriating companies or doping athletes, the Kremlin uses all of the state’s power to achieve its goals. It has nothing but contempt for human life, democracy and the rule of law. It will stop at nothing, and no one is safe. GML September 2018 03 SHOOTING DOWN OF FLIGHT MH17 04 The Netherlands and Australia On 17 July 2014 sile that downed the plane was moved flight MH17 (Malaysia Airlines) was from Russia to rebel-held Ukraine in are now convinced that Russia is shot down in Ukraine on its way the morning of 17 July 2014, when the responsible for the deployment from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur. plane was shot down, and the launcher Everyone on board was killed: 283 was taken back to Russia the next day. of the Buk installation that passengers and 15 crew members. -
An Extention of Burgernomics: Using a Full-Service Restaurant to Measure Purchasing Power Parity
Journal of Hospitality Financial Management The Professional Refereed Journal of the International Association of Hospitality Financial Management Educators Volume 15 Issue 1 Article 6 2007 An Extention of Burgernomics: Using a Full-Service Restaurant to Measure Purchasing Power Parity David Bojanic Rod Warnick Michael Musante Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/jhfm Recommended Citation Bojanic, David; Warnick, Rod; and Musante, Michael (2007) "An Extention of Burgernomics: Using a Full- Service Restaurant to Measure Purchasing Power Parity," Journal of Hospitality Financial Management: Vol. 15 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/jhfm/vol15/iss1/6 This View Point is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Hospitality Financial Management by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN EXTENSION OF BURGERNOMICS: USING A FULL-SERVICE RESTAURANT PRODUCT TO MEASURE PURCHASING POWER PARITY David Bojanic Rod Warnick And Michael Musante ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to determine if the price of a ‘burger’ at a themed restaurant chain (i.e., Hard Rock Café) in the casual dining segment is a better indicator of purchasing power parity (PPP) than the price of a ‘burger’ at a quick-service restaurant chain (i.e., McDonald’s). The “Big Mac Index” published by The Economist is the source for the price of a Big Mac sandwich in each of the represented countries. The index was originally developed to measure purchasing power parity based on exchange rates. -
Volume 36, Issue 4
Volume 36, Issue 4 iPad Purchasing Parity: Farewell to the Big Mac Index Sandeep Mazumder Wake Forest University Abstract It has been 30 years since The Economist magazine launched its popular Big Mac index-a playful way to test the theory of purchasing power parity (PPP). In this light-hearted follow-up investigation on the use of a single product to test PPP, we present evidence that The Economist should now ditch Big Macs and instead turn to iPads. When using data on Apple's iPad tablet computer, we find that the international prices on this product conform much more closely to PPP than the Big Mac does. This is in turn driven by the tradable nature of iPads, unlike the Big Mac which is a perishable product. Thus it is time to bid farewell to the Big Mac index in its 30th year, and time to usher in an updated test of PPP, namely the iPad index. Citation: Sandeep Mazumder, (2016) ''iPad Purchasing Parity: Farewell to the Big Mac Index'', Economics Bulletin, Volume 36, Issue 4, pages 2128-2136 Contact: Sandeep Mazumder - [email protected]. Submitted: September 06, 2016. Published: November 09, 2016. 1 Introduction In 1986, The Economist magazine invented a light-hearted way in which to test the theory of purchasing power parity (PPP), namely the Big Mac index (for more details see The Economist, 2016). While the Big Mac index cannot seriously be a test of PPP since we consume far more goods and services than just Big Macs, it has become a global standard which is even included in several economic textbooks while also being the subject of numerous academic studies. -
Israel: Background and Relations with the United States
Order Code RL33476 Israel: Background and Relations with the United States Updated February 26, 2008 Carol Migdalovitz Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Israel: Background and Relations with the United States Summary On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence and was immediately engaged in a war with all of its neighbors. Armed conflict has marked every decade of Israel’s existence. Despite its unstable regional environment, Israel has developed a vibrant parliamentary democracy, albeit with relatively fragile governments. The Kadima Party placed first in the March 28, 2006, Knesset (parliament) election; Prime Minister Ehud Olmert formed a coalition government. Israel has an advanced industrial, market economy with a large government role. Israel’s foreign policy is focused largely on its region, Europe, and the United States. It views Iran as an existential threat due to its nuclear ambitions and support for anti-Israel terrorists. Israel concluded peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994, but never achieved accords with Syria and Lebanon. Israel unilaterally withdrew from southern Lebanon in 2000. Hezbollah, which then took over the south, sparked a 34-day war when it kidnaped two Israeli soldiers in July 12, 2006. Israel negotiated a series of agreements with the Palestinians in the 1990s, but that process ended in 2000. In 2003, Israeli and Palestinian officials accepted the “Road Map,” an international framework for achieving a two-state solution to their conflict, but never implemented it. Israel unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip in 2005 and is constructing a security barrier in the West Bank to separate from the Palestinians.