Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project
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Government of Kerala Local Self Government Department Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project (PPTA 4106 – IND) FINAL REPORT VOLUME 2 - CITY REPORT THRISSUR MAY 2005 COPYRIGHT: The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of ADB & Government of Kerala. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of either ADB or Government of Kerala constitutes an infringement of copyright. TA 4106 –IND: Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project Project Preparation FINAL REPORT VOLUME 2 – CITY REPORT THRISSUR Contents 1. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Project Goal and Objectives 1 1.3 Study Outputs 1 1.4 Scope of the Report 1 2. CITY CONTEXT 2 2.1 Geography and Climate 2 2.2 Population Trends and Urbanization 2 2.3 Economic Development 4 2.3.1 Sectoral growth 4 2.4 Industrial Development 6 2.4.1 Tourism Growth and Potential 7 2.4.2 Growth Trends and Projections 7 3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE 8 3.1 Introduction 8 3.2 Household Profile 9 3.2.1 Employment 9 3.2.2 Income and Expenditure 9 3.2.3 Land and Housing 10 3.2.4 Social Capital 11 3.2.5 Health 11 3.2.6 Education 11 3.3 Access to Services 12 3.3.1 Water Supply 12 3.3.2 Sanitation 12 3.3.3 Drainage 12 3.3.4 Solid Waste Disposal 13 3.3.5 Roads, Street Lighting & Access to Public Transport 13 4. POVERTY AND VULNERABILITY 14 4.1 Overview 14 4.1.1 Employment 15 4.1.2 Financial Capital 15 4.1.3 Poverty Alleviation in Thrissur 15 5. INSTITUTIONS, MANAGEMENT AND CAPACITY 17 5.1 Decentralization 17 FR Volume 2 - City Report - Thrissur PAGE i TA 4106 –IND: Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project Project Preparation 5.2 Service Delivery and Inter-Agency Coordination 17 5.3 Organization Structure of the Municipal Corporation 19 5.3.1 Deliberative/Executive Wing 19 5.3.2 Administrative Wing 20 5.4 Capacity Building 21 6. MUNICIPAL FINANCE 21 6.1 Municipal Fund 21 6.2 Revenue Account 21 6.2.1 Revenue Receipts 21 6.2.2 Revenue Expenditures 21 6.3 Capital Account 21 6.3.1 Capital Receipts 21 6.3.2 Capital Expenditures 21 6.4 Electricity Distribution Finances 21 6.5 Key Financial Issues 21 6.6 Kerala Water Authority Finance 21 6.6.1 Mandate and Sources of Finance 21 6.6.2 Cost Recovery 21 6.6.3 Financial Performance in Thrissur 21 6.6.4 Key KWA Financial Issues 21 7. URBAN PLANNING AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT 21 7.1 Urban Planning and Land Use Management 21 7.1.1 Planning Efforts in Past 21 7.1.2 Land Use Pattern 21 7.1.3 Development Pattern 21 7.1.4 Key Issues 21 8. SUBPROJECT RATIONALE - NEED AND DEMAND 21 8.1 Approach to Subproject Selection 21 8.1.1 Municipal Corporation Priorities 21 8.1.2 Community Priorities 21 8.2 Subproject Objectives and Component Selection Criteria 21 9. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES 21 9.1 Water Supply 21 9.1.1 Development of Water Supply Sources 21 9.1.2 Treatment and Transmission 21 9.1.3 Storage and Distribution System 21 9.1.4 Un-accounted for Water (UFW) 21 9.1.5 Existing Water Tariff Rates and Collection Performance 21 9.1.6 Operation and Maintenance 21 9.1.7 Water Supply Component Identification 21 9.2 Sanitation and Sewerage 21 9.2.1 Existing Sewerage/Sanitation System 21 9.2.2 Key Issues/Service Adequacy 21 9.2.3 Project Identification 21 9.2.4 Sanitation / Sewerage Component Identification 21 9.3 Storm Water Drainage 21 FR Volume 2 - City Report - Thrissur PAGE ii TA 4106 –IND: Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project Project Preparation 9.3.1 Existing Situation, Service Adequacy and Key Issues 21 9.3.2 Urban Drainage Component Identification 21 9.4 Solid Waste Management 21 9.4.1 Present Situation Analysis – Municipal Solid Waste 21 9.4.2 Solid Waste Management Component Identification 21 9.5 Roads and Transportation 21 9.5.1 Overview 21 9.5.2 Existing Roads 21 9.5.3 Urban Travel Demand and Traffic Characteristics 21 9.5.4 Road Safety 21 9.5.5 Existing Street Lighting 21 9.5.6 Existing Access to Public Transport 21 9.5.7 Roads and Transportation Scheme Selection 21 10. THE PROPOSED SUB-PROJECT 21 10.1 Project Purpose 21 10.2 Part A: Urban Infrastructure Improvement 21 10.2.1 Water Supply Component 21 10.2.2 Sanitation Component 21 10.2.3 Urban Drainage Component 21 10.2.4 Solid Waste Management Component 21 10.2.5 Roads and Transportation Component 21 10.3 Part B: Urban Management and Institutional Development 21 10.3.1 State Level Institutional Development 21 10.3.2 Municipal Corporation Institutional Development 21 10.3.3 Municipal Staff Training 21 10.3.4 Poverty Alleviation 21 10.4 Part C: Implementation Assistance 21 11. CITY SUB-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 21 11.1 Executing and Implementing Agencies 21 11.1.1 Executing Agency 21 11.1.2 Implementing Agencies 21 11.2 Project Management 21 11.2.1 Project Management Office 21 11.2.2 Project Implementation Units 21 11.2.3 Project Management and Design Consulting Services 21 11.3 Procurement and Disbursement Procedure 21 11.3.1 Procurement of Goods and Works 21 11.3.2 Disbursement Procedures 21 11.4 Procurement Packages and Implementation 21 11.4.1 Procurement Packages 21 11.4.2 Implementation Schedule 21 11.5 Reports, Accounting and Auditing Requirement 21 11.5.1 Reporting Requirement 21 11.5.2 Accounting 21 11.5.3 Auditing 21 11.6 Project Review 21 11.7 Project Performance Monitoring System 21 11.8 Long-Term Sustainability 21 FR Volume 2 - City Report - Thrissur PAGE iii TA 4106 –IND: Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project Project Preparation 12. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING PLAN 21 12.1 Cost Estimates 21 12.2 Financing Plan 21 13. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 21 13.1 General 21 13.2 Assumptions Used in Financial Projections 21 13.3 Cost Recovery 21 13.4 Financial Internal Rate of Return 21 13.5 Average Incremental Financial Cost and Subsidy 21 13.6 Beneficiary Affordability 21 13.7 Project Sustainability 21 14. SUB-PROJECT RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS 21 14.1 Physical Component Risks 21 14.2 Policy Risks 21 14.3 Institutional Risks 21 14.4 Social Risks 21 14.5 Financial Risks 21 14.6 Economic Risks 21 FR Volume 2 - City Report - Thrissur PAGE iv TA 4106 –IND: Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project Project Preparation List of Annexes Annex A Proposed Procurement Packages Annex B Sub-Project Implementation Schedule Annex C Sub-Project Cost Estimates and Financing Plan Annex D Financial Improvement and Action Plan Annex E Financial Analysis FR Volume 2 - City Report - Thrissur PAGE v TA 4106 –IND: Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project Project Preparation List of Tables Table 2-1: Details of Corporation Merger (1991-2001) 4 Table 2-2: Thrissur District Net Domestic Product 4 Table 2-3: Population Growth and Projections 7 Table 3-1: Workforce Distribution in Thrissur 9 Table 5-1: Staffing Position in Thrissur Municipal Corporation 21 Table 6-1: Revenue Account (Rs. Million) 21 Table 6-2: Property Tax – Rate Schedule 21 Table 6-3: Property Tax – Demand and Collection (Rs. Million) 21 Table 6-4: Profession Tax – Demand & Collection (Rs. Million) 21 Table 6-5: Water Tariff Schedule 21 Table 6-6: Water Charges – Demand and Collection (Rs. Million) 21 Table 6-7: Water Supply Distribution Cash Profit and Loss (Rs. Million) 21 Table 6-8: Capital Account (Rs. Million) 21 Table 6-9: Electricity Distribution Cash Profit and Loss (Rs. Million) 21 Table 6-10: KWA Water Tariff Schedule 21 Table 6-11: KWA Sewerage Connection Fee 21 Table 6-12: Thrissur Water Operations – Income and Expenditure (Rs. Million) 21 Table 7-1: Development Plan (1972) Status 21 Table 7-2: Proposed Land-use in Thrissur City (1991) 21 Table 8-1: Thrissur Municipal Corporation Priorities 21 Table 8-2: Thrissur - Community Municipal Service Priorities 21 Table 9-1: Water Sources for Thrissur 21 Table 9-2: Ollur Panchayat 21 Table 9-3: Ollukkara Water Supply Scheme 21 Table 9-4: Water Storage in Thrissur 21 Table 9-5: Water Supply Connections 21 Table 9-6: Water Supply Design Parameters 21 Table 9-7: Water Supply Demand and Source Development 21 Table 9-8: Water Supply and Consumer Projections 21 Table 9-9: Zone wise details of STP Requirements 21 Table 9-10: Quantitative Description of the Existing Drains In the City 21 Table 9-11: Drainage Maintenance Responsibility 21 Table 9-12: Waste Generation in Thrissur (2001) 21 Table 9-13: Preliminary Requirement for Integrated SWM System 21 Table 9-14: Road Network in Thrissur City 21 Table 9-15: Speed and Delay Characteristics at Selected Links 21 Table 9-16: Traffic Growth Rate During 2000-04 21 Table 9-17: Estimated Peak Hour Traffic Distribution at Selected Locations 21 FR Volume 2 - City Report - Thrissur PAGE vi TA 4106 –IND: Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project Project Preparation Table 9-18: Observed Peak-Hour Traffic Volume on Selected Road Stretches 21 Table 9-19: Estimated Peak Hour Traffic at Selected Major Junctions 21 Table 9-20: Observed Peak-Hour Turning Traffic at Selected Junctions 21 Table 9-21: Mid-Block Pedestrian Count at Selected Locations 21 Table 9-22: Growth of Traffic Accidents in Thrissur District 21 Table 9-23: Details of Street Lights Availability at Selected Road Sections 21 Table 9-24: Details of Bus Trips Through Major Radial Roads in Thrissur, 2000 21 Table 9-25: Details of Urban Transport Proposals for Thrissur City 21 Table 11-1: Proposed Contract Packages - Thrissur 21 Table 12-1: Summary of Project Cost Estimates 21 Table 12-2: City Level Financing Plan (Rs.