THE 2007 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SAFE SCHOOLS PROCEEDINGS OF PERSISTENTLY SAFE OCTOBER 29–31, 2007 SCHOOLS WASHINGTON, DC THEHAMILTONFISHINSTITUTEONSCHOOLANDCOMMUNITYVIOLENCE INSTITUTEFOREDUCATIONSTUDIES The Hamilton Fish Institute was established by the U.S. Congress in 1997. The HAMILTON FISH INSTITUTE’s Persistently Safe Schools: The 2007 National Conference on Safe Schools * PROCEEDINGS of PERSISTENTLY SAFE SCHOOLS 2007 Washington, D. C. * This project was supported by Grant No. 2005-JL-FX-0157 awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The Hamilton Fish Institute on School and Community Violence conducts primary and secondary research, conducts research synthesis, and provides technical assistance to schools and communities in order to make schools safer for high achievement. The views expressed by the authors of the papers in this Proceedings belong to them. Their views do not represent the official positions or policies of the Hamilton Fish Institute, The George Washington University, or the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office of Justice Programs, the U.S. Department of Justice. The research, case studies, and anecdotal accounts that the authors prepared and are published herein were received in response to an open call for papers. The George Washington University does not unlawfully discriminate against any person on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, or sexual orientation. 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For print copies, please contact the Hamilton Fish Institute, 2121 K Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, D.C. 20037-1830, 202-496-2200 (voice), 202-496-6244 (fax). The Hamilton Fish Institute may reproduce and redistribute print copies at cost plus shipping and handling when paid in advance. Please use the following forms for citing a specific paper or the complete Proceedings: For an individual paper – Author, F. M. (2007, October). “The title of the paper.” In D. L. White, B. C. Glenn, and A. Wimes (Eds.), Proceedings of Persistently Safe Schools: The 2007 National Conference on Safe Schools, pp–pp. Washington, DC: Hamilton Fish Institute, The George Washington University. For the complete Proceedings – White, D. L., B. C. Glenn, and Wimes, A. (Eds.). (2007, October). Proceedings of Persistently Safe Schools: The 2007 National Conference on Safe Schools. (2007, October). Washington, DC: Hamilton Fish Institute, The George Washington University. iv The HAMILTON FISH INSTITUTE’s Persistently Safe Schools: The 2007 National Conference on Safe Schools Table of Contents SAFE SCHOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT (7533) 1 Howard S. Adelman and Linda Taylor Center for Mental Health in School, UCLA COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO VIOLENCE PREVENTION: A UNESCO PERSPECTIVE (7562) 11 Sherry L. Allen, LPC, NCC Southeastern Network of Youth and Family Services, Bonita Springs, FL POSITIVE ACTION CENTER: A NEW APPROACH TO DISCIPLINE MANAGEMENT (7549) 13 Susan Armoni and Robert Gonzales paxUnited – The National Mediation Center®, Richardson, TX ACT NOW TRUANCY PROGRAM (7520) 17 Gene Bertie Pima County Attorney’s Office, Tucson, AZ EVALUATION OF THE OLWEUS BULLYING PREVENTION PROGRAM: HOW THE 25 PROGRAM CAN WORK FOR INNER CITY YOUTH (7516) Sally Black Saint Joseph’s University COMMUNITY JUSTICE BOARD PROGRAM (7521) 37 Michael W. Burns Pima County Attorney’s Office, Tucson, AZ STOP THE VIOLENCE: STUDENTS TAKING ON PREVENTION (7543) 43 Andrea Chomistek Family, Career and Community Leaders of America, Reston, VA, and students SCHOOL RESOURCE OFFICERS IN CLASSROOMS: AN APPLICATION OF BEST-PRACTICES 45 IN LAW-RELATED EDUCATION (7541) Bebs Chorak and Shannon Machado Street Law, Inc., Silver Spring, MD IMPROVING WORK PERFORMANCE FOR ADOLESCENTS WITH EMOTIONAL 49 DISTURBANCE: A COMPARISON OF TWO WORK-BASED LEARNING INTERVENTIONS (7525) Kevin A. Curtin The George Washington University BARRICADED HOSTAGE AND CRISIS SITUATIONS IN SCHOOLS: A REVIEW OF RECENT 61 INCIDENTS (7519) Jeffrey A. Danielsab, Terri E. Royster , and Gregory M. Vecchib ab Indiana University, FBI Academy DO I TRUST YOU? BULLYING VICTIMS’ SOCIAL SUPPORT WITH THEIR TEACHERS AND 69 FRIENDS (7501) Rachel Dinkes American Institutes for Research v The HAMILTON FISH INSTITUTE’s Persistently Safe Schools: The 2007 National Conference on Safe Schools JUST TURN THE DARN THING OFF: UNDERSTANDING CYBERBULLYING (7503) 83 Elizabeth Englander and Amy M. Muldowney Bridgewater State College, Bridgewater, MA RESEARCH, BEST PRACTICES, AND RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE YOUTH MENTORING 93 (7526) Michael Garringer Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Portland, OR GIRLS CIRCLE: PROMOTING RESILIENCY IN GIRLS THROUGH GENDER RESPONSIVE 111 GROUPS (7514a) Beth Hossfeld and Kitty Tyrol Girls Circle Association, Mill Valley, CA YOUTH GANG TRENDS AND MYTHS (7539) 113 James C. (Buddy) Howell National Youth Gang Center, Tallahassee, FL SCHOOL POLICIES AND LEGAL ISSUES SUPPORTING SAFE SCHOOLS (7529) 115 Thomas Hutton National School Boards Association, Alexandria, VA PATTERNS OF BULLYING/VICTIMIZATION AMONG STUDENTS WITH EMOTIONAL 119 DISTURBANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH (7510) Millicent H. Kellnerab and Deborah T. Carran ab CPC Behavioral Healthcare, High Point Schools, Monmouth County, NJ, Johns Hopkins University DEVELOPING A SOCIAL NEUROSCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF YOUTH BEHAVIORS: 123 BASIC UNDERSTANDING (7511) Elizabeth Koller Perspectives on Growth and Development, Inc., Hickory, NC UNDERSTANDING SCHOOL-BASED MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WHO 131 ARE DISRUPTIVE AND AGGRESSIVE: WHAT WORKS FOR WHOM? (7532) Krista Kutash Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health, Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL TAKING SMART ACTION: A COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO SCHOOL VIOLENCE (7523) 139 Barbara LaWall, Peter Hochuli, and Ellen Brown Pima County Attorney’s Office, Tucson, AZ MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS FOR VIOLENCE PREVENTION: A MULTI-FACETED 143 APPROACH TO RISK FACTORS AND SOLUTIONS (7504) Fannie LeFloreab and Michael Bell ab LeFlore Communications, Milwaukee, WI, Milwaukee Health Services, Inc/ICHHC SAFE AND SECURE SCHOOLS: VIOLENCE AND THE DUTY TO WARN STUDENTS IN THE 157 EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (7550) Mary A. Lentz Chagrin Falls, OH and Washington, DC vi The HAMILTON FISH INSTITUTE’s Persistently Safe Schools: The 2007 National Conference on Safe Schools SAFE SCHOOL CAMPUS INITIATIVE: A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT (7522) 159 Joe M. Nguyen City of San Jose Department of Parks, Recreation and Community Services, San Jose, CA THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX: EMPOWERING STUDENTS TO EFFECT POSITIVE 167 CHANGES IN SCHOOL CLIMATE (7509) Michelle Gwinn Nutter Center for Safe Schools, Camp Hill, PA THE DANGEROUS INTERSECTION OF YOUTH AND HATE CRIME (7524) 171 Michelle Gwinn Nutter Center for Safe Schools, Camp Hill, PA 177 THE IMPACT OF JUVENILE RECIDIVISM ON THE EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES OF POOR 179 AND DISENFRANCHISED YOUTH WHO WERE DRUG-EXPOSED DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT (7508) Shauna D. Parks Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools, Charlotte, NC BULLYGUARD® – UPDATED AND EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR TODAY’S YOUTH THAT 185 FOCUS ON BULLYING AND CHILD SAFETY (7507) Tom Patire Tom Patire Group LLC, Park Ridge, NJ ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIPS TO REDUCE BULLYING AND INCREASE STUDENT 191 ACHIEVEMENT (7515) Judith Ann Pauleyab and Joseph F. Pauley ab George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH CREATING SYNERGY FOR GANG PREVENTION: TAKING A LOOK AT ANIMAL FIGHTING 199 AND GANGS (7517) Mary Lou Randourab and Tio Hardiman