Panama Canal Regulations § 109.5

getting underway, anchoring, mooring, AUTHORITY: Issued under authority vested or shifting berth. in the President by sec. 1801, Pub. L. 96–70, 93 (b) A full of steam or full diesel Stat. 492; EO 12215, 45 FR 36043. power, as the case may be, shall be SOURCE: 31 FR 12294, Sept. 16, 1966, unless otherwise noted. maintained at all times mentioned in paragraph (a) of this section. § 109.1 Keeping persons clear of gear [31 FR 12293, Sept. 16, 1966] used in lockages. The master and officers of a vessel § 107.5 When particular officers shall require all passengers and all and seamen must be on duty. other persons not engaged in working (a) When a vessel is getting under- the vessel to keep well clear of lines, way, anchoring, mooring, or is under- , chocks, and other gear way in Gaillard Cut, a ’s officer being used in connection with the lock- shall stand by on the . age. (b) When a vessel is entering, in, or § 109.2 Embarking or disembarking at leaving a lock, docking or undocking, locks. or shifting berth, a ship’s officer shall Except when specially authorized by stand by on the forecastle and a ship’s the Canal authorities, no person shall officer shall also stand by on the . embark upon or disembark from a ves- (c) Every vessel with a Panama Canal sel while it is in a lock. The Canal au- pilot aboard shall, in addition to meet- thorities shall not be responsible for ing the requirements of paragraphs (a) any injuries to persons or property or and (b) of this section, have a seaman for damage to vessels which may result stationed on the forecastle who is capa- from the granting of such special per- ble of and ready to operate the ground mission. tackle. § 109.3 Same; permits. [31 FR 12293, Sept. 16, 1966, as amended at 41 FR 21777, May 28, 1976] Permits for embarking or disembark- ing at the locks may be issued in the § 107.6 Unauthorized persons not al- discretion of the Marine Director or lowed on bridge. designee. While a vessel is underway, no person [55 FR 11909, Mar. 30, 1990] shall be allowed on the bridge or in the pilot house except the pilot and other § 109.4 Locomotives; Canal deckhands. representative of the Panama Canal, The Canal authorities are authorized and the Master and such officers and to prescribe: other members of the crew of the vessel (a) The number of towing loco- as may be necessary for its navigation motives and wires required in the locks and control, management, operation by a transiting vessel, depending upon and safety. her length, beam, displacement, and [31 FR 12293, Sept. 16, 1966] special conditions; and (b) The number of Canal deckhands PART 109—ENTERING AND to be placed on board a transiting ves- PREPARING TO ENTER THE LOCKS sel to assist her crew in handling tow- ing wires in the locks.

Sec. § 109.5 Ship’s gear to be ready during 109.1 Keeping persons clear of gear used in transit; test. lockages. Before beginning transit of the 109.2 Embarking or disembarking at locks. Canal, a vessel shall have hawsers, 109.3 Same; permits. 109.4 Locomotives; Canal deckhands. lines and fenders ready for passing 109.5 Ship’s gear to be ready during transit; through the locks, for warping, towing, test. or mooring as the case may be; and 109.6 Construction, number, and location of shall have both ready for let- chocks and bitts. ting go. The Master shall assure him- 109.7 Passing through locks; use of towing self, by actual test, of the readiness of locomotives and ship’s engines. his vessel’s main engines, steering

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gear, engine room telegraphs, whistle, (f) Use of roller chocks is permissible -angle and engine-revolution in- provided they are not less than 14.94 dicators, and anchors. During the tran- meters (49 feet) above the waterline at sit, at all times while a vessel is under- the vessel’s maximum Panama Canal way or moored against the lock walls, draft and provided they are in good her deck winches, capstans, and other condition, meet all of the requirements power equipment for handling lines, as for solid chocks as specified in para- well as her mooring bitts, chocks, graphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this sec- cleats, hawse pipes, etc., shall be ready tion, as the case may be, and are so for handling the vessel, to the exclu- fitted that transition from the rollers sion of all other work. to the chock body will prevent damage to towing wires. § 109.6 Construction, number, and lo- (g) Each single chock shall have an cation of chocks and bitts. accompanying bitt capable of with- (a) The Canal Operations Captain or standing a strain of 100,000 pounds designee is responsible for determining (45,331 kilograms). if vessels arriving for transit are prop- (h) Each double chock located at the erly equipped. That official is also re- and at the stern, in accordance sponsible for the approval of new con- with paragraph (h) of this section, shall struction requirements concerning have two pairs of heavy bitts with each chocks and bitts which are utilized for bitt of each pair capable of withstand- locomotives and tugs, relay operations, ing a strain of 100,000 pounds (45,331 tie-up operations, boarding facilities, kilograms). Other double chocks shall and wheelhouse design features, includ- have a pair of heavy bitts with each ing visibility factors. bitt capable of withstanding a strain of (b) All chocks for towing wires shall 100,000 pounds (45,331 kilograms). be of heavy closed construction and (i) All vessels, except a vessel not re- shall have a convex bearing surface quiring locomotives, shall be fitted with a radius of not less than seven with a double chock set athwartships inches (178 millimeters). The convex right in the stem and another double surface shall extend so that a wire chock set athwartships right in the from the bitt, or from the towing loco- stern, except that on vessels of less motive through the chock, shall be than 75 feet beam, two single chocks tangent to the seven-inch (178 millime- may be substituted for each double ter) radius at any angle up to 90 de- chock required by this subsection; on grees with respect to a straight line vessels of over 75 feet beam, two double through the chock. chocks may be substituted for each (c) No part of the vessel which may double chock required by this section. be contacted by the towing wires, at If such substitution is made, the any angle, shall have less than a seven- chocks shall be placed port and star- inch radius. board not more than eight feet abaft (d) Chocks designated as single the stem or 10 feet forward of the stern, chocks shall have a throat opening of provided that these chocks are not not less than 100 square inches (645 more than 10 feet from the center line square centimeters) in area—preferred of the vessel. dimensions are 12 x 9 inches (305 x 229 (j) Vessels under 60.06 meters (200 millimeters)—and shall be capable of feet) in length and not exceeding 9.14 withstanding a strain of 100,000 pounds meters (30 feet) in beam shall have a (43,331 kilograms) on a towing wire double chock or two single chocks at from any direction. the stem and stern. If the vessel is (e) Chocks designated as double equipped with the two single chocks, chocks shall have a throat opening of they shall be placed, port and star- not less than 140 square inches (903 board, not more than eight feet abaft square centimeters) in area—preferred the stem or 10 feet forward of the stern, dimensions are 14 x 10 inches (356 x 254 and not more than 10 feet off the center millimeters)—and shall be capable of line. withstanding a strain of 140,000 pounds (k) Vessels 60.96 to 121.92 meters (200 (64,000 kilograms) on the towing wires to 400 feet) in length and not exceeding from any direction. 22.86 meters (75 feet) in beam shall have

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a double chock at the stem and at the his representative decides that such a stern or two single chocks at the vessel can be handled without undue and stern, , not more danger to equipment or to personnel, than eight feet abaft the stem or 10 notwithstanding her failure to comply feet forward of the stern and not more with the requirements of this section, than 10 feet off the center line and and allows it to transit, such vessel shall have two additional single may do so only at its own risk and, to chocks, port and starboard, nine to 16 the extent and in proportion that such meters (30 to 50 feet) abaft the stem failure to meet the requirements of and nine to 16 meters (30 to 50 feet) for- this section proximately causes or con- ward of the stern. tributes to the casualty and resulting (l) Vessels 121.92 to 173.74 meters (400 damages, the Master of such vessel, on to 570 feet) long and not more than behalf of said vessel, her owners, opera- 22.86 meters (75 feet) in beam shall have tors, or any other persons having any a double chock at the stem and stern interest in her, and for himself, will be or two single chocks at the bow and considered to have released the Pan- stern, port and starboard, and in addi- ama Canal Commission and the United tion shall have a chock, port and star- States from, and to have indemnified board, 12 to 16 meters (40 to 50 feet) them against, any loss, damage, or li- abaft the stem, a single chock port and ability incurred by the Commission or starboard, 24 to 28 meters (80 to 90 feet) the United States under, or in respect abaft the stem, and a single chock, to: port and starboard, 12 to 16 meters (40 (1) Section 1411 through 1416, inclu- to 50 feet) forward of the stern. sive, of Pub. L. 96–70, 93 Stat. 485–87; (m) Vessels over 173.74 meters (570 (2) Property of Panama Canal Com- feet) long or 22.86 meters (75 feet) in mission or the United States; and beam or over shall have a double chock (3) Panama Canal Commission em- at the stem and stern; a double chock, ployees under the Federal Employees’ port and starboard, 12 to 16 meters (40 Compensation Act, 5 U.S.C. 8101, et seq., to 50 feet) abaft the stem; a single or any other employee compensation chock, port and starboard, 24 to 28 me- system. ters (80 to 90 feet) abaft the stem; a double chock, port and starboard, 12 to The Master of the vessel that fails to 16 meters (40 to 50 feet) forward of the meet the requirements of this section stern and a single chock, port and star- may be required to execute, in the board, 24 to 28 meters (80 to 90 feet) for- presence of a Commission official, a ward of the stern. form undertaking to release the Pan- (n) Vessels with large flared bows or ama Canal Commission and the United unusually high freeboard such as con- States from liability in case of an acci- tainer vessels or vehicle carriers will dent and to indemnify the Commission be required to provide single closed and the United States for damages sus- chocks located further than those tained. The failure of the Master of a required in paragraph (l) of this section vessel to sign such a form, however, for correct positioning of assisting tugs will not relieve the vessel, her owners, or may be required to fit recessed tug or any other person having an interest bollards into the so the tugs can in her from liability incurred as a re- work without coming in contact with sult of the vessel’s failure to meet the the bow flare or having extra long lines requirements of this section. and/or inefficient leads. [46 FR 63183, Dec. 30, 1981; 47 FR 54072, Dec. 1, (o) A vessel not requiring loco- 1982, as amended at 55 FR 11909, Mar. 30, 1990] motives shall have a chock arrange- CROSS REFERENCE: Federal Employees’ ment similar to that described in para- Compensation Act, see 5 U.S.C. 8102 et seq. graph (i) of this section, except that the chocks need only be single chocks § 109.7 Passing through locks; use of or, if approved by the Canal authori- towing locomotives and ship’s en- ties, of lesser strength. gines. (p) Any vessel which fails to meet the (a) A vessel passing through the requirements of this section may be de- locks shall normally be assisted by nied transit. If the Marine Director or electric towing locomotives using steel

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towing wires. A vessel may be per- 111.14 Head-on situation (Rule 14). mitted to pass through the locks under 111.15 Crossing situation (Rule 15). her own power in the following cir- 111.16 Action by give-way vessel (Rule 16). 111.17 Action by stand-on vessel (Rule 17). cumstances: 111.18 Responsibilities between vessels (1) A small vessel up to 125 feet in (Rule 18). length and a towboat up to 150 feet in length may be handled with their own CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN RESTRICTED manila, hemp or synthetic lines along VISIBILITY the wall if their structure and 111.19 Conduct of vessels in restricted visi- fendering will permit their landing bility (Rule 19). against the wall. (2) A small vessel not over 100 feet in Subpart C—Lights and Shapes length, having good maneuvering char- 111.20 Application (Rule 20). acteristics, may be handled with her 111.21 Definitions (Rule 21). own manila, hemp or synthetic fiber 111.22 Visibility of lights (Rule 22). lines the center of the chamber. 111.23 Power-driven vessels under way (Rule (b) A vessel passing through the 23). locks without a Pilot aboard, in ac- 111.24 Towing and pushing (Rule 24). cordance with the provisions of § 105.2 111.25 Sailing vessels under way and vessels under oars (Rule 25). of this chapter shall be under the direc- 111.26 Fishing vessels (Rule 26). tion of the Lockmaster, who may au- 111.27 Vessels not under command or re- thorize the use of the vessel’s engines stricted in their ability to maneuver in the locks. (Rule 27). (c) When a vessel has a Pilot aboard, 111.28 [Reserved] (Rule 28). the use of her engines shall be under 111.29 Pilot vessels (Rule 29). the direction of the Pilot. After towing 111.30 Anchored vessels and vessels aground wires from the towing locomotives (Rule 30). have been placed aboard a vessel, her 111.31 Seaplanes (Rule 31). engines may be used to the extent con- Subpart D—Sound and Light Signals sidered necessary or desirable by the Pilot. 111.32 Definitions (Rule 32). 111.33 Equipment for sound signals (Rule [31 FR 12294, Sept. 16, 1966, as amended at 40 33). FR 8348, Feb. 27, 1975] 111.34 Maneuvering and warning signals (Rule 34). PART 111—RULES FOR THE 111.35 Sound signals in restricted visibility (Rule 35). PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS 111.36 Signals to attract attention (Rule 36). 111.37 Distress signals (Rule 37). Subpart A—General Sec. Subpart E—Miscellaneous 111.1 Application (Rule 1). 111.38 Diving operations (Rule 38). 111.2 Responsibility (Rule 2). 111.39 Water skiing prohibited (Rule 39). 111.3 General definitions (Rule 3). 111.40 Operation of small craft and rec- reational vessels in Canal waters (Rule Subpart B—Steering and Sailing Rules 40). 111.41 Lights; marking of pipelines laid in CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY CONDITION OF navigable waters (Rule 41). VISIBILITY 111.4 Application (Rule 4). AUTHORITY: Issued under authority of the 111.5 Lookout (Rule 5). President by 22 U.S.C. 3811; E.O. 12215, 45 FR 111.6 Safe speed (Rule 6). 36043. 111.7 Risk of collision (Rule 7). SOURCE: 48 FR 52704, Nov. 22, 1983, unless 111.8 Action to avoid collision (Rule 8). otherwise noted. 111.9 Narrow channels (Rule 9). 111.10 [Reserved] (Rule 10). Subpart A—General CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER § 111.1 Application (Rule 1). 111.11 Application (Rule 11). The provisions of this part incor- 111.12 Sailing vessels (Rule 12). porate most of the Rules of the Inter- 111.13 Overtaking (Rule 13). national Regulations for Preventing

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