Green Champions in Sport and Environment

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Guide to environmentally-sound large sporting events

Publishers German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety German Olympic Sports Confederation 2 Guide Green Champions

Editorial note

„Green Champions in Sport and Envi- The guide is aimed, above all, at the ronment“ is published by the German organizers of large sporting events. It Federal Ministry for the Environment, is also directed, however, at national Nature Conservation and Nuclear and international sports associa- Safety and the German Olympic tions, since these set the framework Sports Confederation. The many ex- through the demands they make on amples of good practices that it con- events, through contracts with spon- tains therefore relate to action taken sors and through their competition in Germany. They demonstrate that rules. Organizers can only operate a number of measures have already within these limits, and this applies been implemented at large sporting also to the development and imple- events and are therefore feasible. mentation of environmental concepts. Comparable initiatives have also been The guide wishes, in particular, to taken in other countries. The German encourage sports associations to examples of good practice are merely examine how the framework for envi- representative. ronmentally favourable large sporting events can be further improved. Moreover, the recommendations for action put forward in the guide In order that there be even more are implementable in every country. green champions in sport and They apply – taking into considera- environment in the future, national tion respective local conditions – to and international sports associa- a Football World Cup in Germany as tions should also link the awarding well as to a World Cup in South Af- of events to ecological demands. rica, to Gymnastics World Champion- This guide offers sports associations ships in Stuttgart as well as to World practical support and a great deal of Championships in London, and to a advice on the laying down of ecologi- marathon race in Berlin as well as to cal standards for event organizers and one in New York. host cities. Guide Green Champions 3

Green Champions in Sport and Environment Guide to environmentally-sound large sporting events

Imprint

Publishers: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), Alexanderstraße 3, D-10178 Berlin German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB), Division Development of Sports Otto-Fleck-Schneise 12, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main Funding: The guide was commissioned, within the framework of the research project “Materials ﬂow analysis for the assessment of the environmental impact of large sporting events“ (R + D project FKZ 205 97 161), by the Federal Environment Agency, Dessau, and funded by the BMU. Executive editor: Gertrud Sahler, BMU Design and Editing: Christa Friedl, science journalist, Krefeld Authors: Martin Schmied, Öko-Institut e. V. Christian Hochfeld, Öko-Institut e. V. Dr. Hartmut Stahl, Öko-Institut e. V. Professor Ralf Roth, German Sport University Cologne Frank Armbruster, German Sport University Cologne Dr. Stefan Türk, German Sport University Cologne Christa Friedl, science journalist, Krefeld Translation from the German: Michael Gromm, Berlin, [email protected] Layout and production: 3f design, Darmstadt, www.3fdesign.de First Edition. Printed on 100 % recycled paper, September 2007 Photo credits: ARAMARK, page 19 Bremer 6-Tage-Rennen, page 21_2 DKB-ISTAF Berlin, page 29 DSV / T. Luthe, page 57 Frankfurter Stadtmarathon / motion events GmbH, page 61 GEPA / Nusch, page 62 Landeshauptstadt Kiel / Insa Korth, page 69 Nürburgring GmbH / Fotoagentur Urner, pages 28, 73 Öko-Institut e. V., pages 22, 42, 71, 77, 81 Photocase, page 6_1 Picture-Alliance / ASA, page 18 – P-A / SCHROEWIG / Eva Oertwig, page 51 Picture-Alliance / dpa, pages 8_2/9, 17, 32_1+2, 38, 39, 43_2, 45, 50/51, 53, 59, 76/77 Picture-Alliance / dpa / dpaweb, pages 6_2/7, 36, 78 Picture-Alliance / Helga Lade Fotoagentur GmbH, page 56 Picture-Alliance / Rolf Kosecki, pages 13, 16, 24, 44 SCC-Running, pages 8_1, 20 shutterstock, page 21_1 Ultrabike Kirchzarten, page 26/27 www.chioaachen.de, page 54 – CHIO Aachen/ Michael Strauch, page 68/69 www.mufv.rlp.de, page 63 www.stadedesuisse.ch, page 43_1 www.weltcup-willingen.de, page 10/11 The authors would like to thank the athletes quoted for permission to reproduce their photographs.

This guide may be reproduced in full or in part on condition that the source is clearly stated. 4 Guide Green Champions

Contents

4 Contents

Foreword Sigmar Gabriel Foreword Dr. Thomas Bach

10 With the environment on the starting line

Departure point When sport leaves its mark Voluntary action counts Win-win-situation through environmental protection Ecological effects of large sporting events Climate protection Transport Energy Waste Use of materials Water/Wastewater Nature and landscape Noise Catering Procurement and merchandising

20 Introduction to the guide What the guide offers The path to a custom-made environmental concept

26 Training begins: Application and concept (Phase 1)

Measures Phase 1 Environmental protection has to be organized Formulation of guidelines and objectives Statutory framework The right choice: Event venues and sports facilities Sponsoring Systematic environmental protection Check List Phase 1 Guide Green Champions 5

38 Warming up: Construction/modernization/extension of sports facilities (Phase 2)

Measures Phase 2 Building materials Transport Energy Water/Wastewater Nature and landscape Noise Check List Phase 2

50 Preliminaries: Planning large events (Phase 3)

Focus on climate protection Measures Phase 3 Transport Energy Waste Water Nature and landscape Noise Catering Merchandising Communications Check List Phase 3

68 Let‘s go! Organizing an event (Phase 4)

Measures Phase 4 Transport Waste Nature and landscape Noise Communications Check List Phase 4

76 A sigh of relief: After the event (Phase 5)

Measures Phase 5 Subsequent use Waste Nature and landscape Communications Check List Phase 5

80 Annex

Selected bibliography Consultative group

83 Contacts for further information 6 Green Champions Foreword

German Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Sigmar Gabriel Guide Foreword 7

Foreword

Large sporting events each year at- This guide, which has been prepared The exemplary and multiplier function tract millions of spectators. 154 such by Öko-Institut and the German Sport that sport and, above all, top sports- events took place in Germany in the University Cologne on behalf of the men and -women have for many year 2005 with a total of 25.6 million German Federal Environment Ministry, people should not be underestimated. spectators and 530,000 participants. is intended to reduce such harmful I therefore very much hope that These events are an important effects and to provide those responsi- environmentally-sound large sport- economic and image factor for the ble for applications for large sporting ing events will also contribute to the respective venue, region and, as in events and their planning and organi- sensitization of visitors for everyday the case of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, zation with advice on the organiza- ecological issues. the host nation as a whole. They are tion of environmentally benefi cial In this spirit I wish you great success therefore of great importance for events. Numerous practical examples with your next large sporting event. trade and industry, organizers and offer advice on the development of a promoters, sports associations and custom-made environmental concept sponsors. for sporting events. Previous experience shows that meas- Sporting events are getting bigger and ures to protect the environment often bigger, so that the negative effects lead to a win-win-situation. Through associated with them are growing. relatively simple measures – such as These also concern the environment. good heat insulation, for example Thoughtlessly discarded rubbish, – savings in energy consumption can noise, but also increased emissions of be achieved that reduce costs for op- greenhouse gases and air pollutants erators of sports facilities and at the from journeys undertaken by visitors same time benefi t the environment. and participants, the use of land and materials for the construction and An environmental concept not only modernization of sports facilities and enhances the sporting achievements Sigmar Gabriel courses, as well as the high consump- and cultural integration of a large German Federal Minister for the tion of energy and water during the sporting event, it also ensures its Environment, Nature Conservation event all have an adverse effect on environmental compatibility. The best and Nuclear Safety the environment. example of this was the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which, with the help of “Green Goal“ – and thus the voluntary involvement of the Organizing Com- mittee as well as host cities, stadiums and World Cup partners – was the fi rst large climate-neutral sporting event. 8 Green Champions Foreword

President, German Olympic Sports Confederation Dr. Thomas Bach Guide Foreword 9

Foreword

German sport has long been a reliable protection. Large sporting events partner for environmental protection – both professional and mass sports‘ and nature conservation. The eco- events – involve land use, refuse, logically compatible organization of trafﬁ c problems and noise as well as large sporting events will increasingly increased energy demand. become a matter of course for many This guide is intended to support the event organizers and sponsors, and, environmentally compatible planning especially since the Olympic Games and organization of large events and in Sydney, large sporting events will contains, for this purpose, numerous also be judged by their environmental practical measures and suggestions. standards. Not without reason were These can help to protect the envi- the International Olympic Commit- ronment, reduce costs and also set a tee and its president Jacques Rogge good example. awarded the environmental prize I trust that this guide will be widely “Champions of the Earth 2007“ of the read and readily implemented. United Nations Environment Pro- gramme UNEP. Sustainability is of key importance for the planning and organization of large sporting events. Attention is therefore focused on the subsequent use of sports facilities and, in particular, aspects of environmental Dr. Thomas Bach President, German Olympic Sports Confederation 10 Guide Green Champions

With the environment on the starting line Green Champions With the environment on the starting line 11

With the environment on the starting line

Cologne Marathon, Hockey World Large sporting events have become Championship, Formula 1, Kieler an important economic factor for Woche, Biathlon World Champion- organizers and promoters, sports as- ships, Table Tennis European Cham- sociations and sponsors. They often pionships, Olympic qualifying events: have budgets of several million euros The list of sporting events that inspire at their disposal and generate added millions of fans year after year is long. value and jobs. Not least, they are a Each year in Germany alone there tourist attraction and image factor for are around 150 large sporting events the respective region, sports venues – at one or several venues, one-off and the country as a whole. As a and recurring events. They take place result, the image of sport is chang- in stadiums as well as in sensitive ing. The time has passed when the natural areas and attract some 25 to contest or competition was the event; 30 million visitors each year. Many sporting tournaments have increas- fans seek close contact to the stars ingly become spectacular events with of the respective sports; others prefer activities, games, exhibitions and the bustle and excitement surround- shows surrounding actual sporting ing competitions. competitions. 12 Green Champions With the environment on the starting line

Departure point Win-win-situation through environmental protection Previous experience shows that environmental protection in sport results in real win-win-situations, since both the environment and event organizers benefit from energy savings and waste avoidance. Those who separately collect and recycle waste save resources. Those who use rainwater When sport leaves its Voluntary action counts instead of potable water or who optimize the insulation of buildings mark Environmental protection, nature reduce the costs of water and energy. In 2005, 154 large sporting events conservation and climate protection This way, relatively simple and inex- – excluding Bundesliga football at large sporting events are based, as pensive action can achieve noticeable games – took place in Germany; that a rule, on the voluntary activities and effects, and this not only in the short is, events with a daily total of more enhanced direct responsibility of all term but also over many years. than 10,000 spectators or 5,000 participants, for many of whom this Environmental protection pays for participants. Large sporting events is the actual incentive. In the past itself. With increasing oil and gas include all World and European there have been a number of exem- prices, for example, capital expendi- Championships. The largest crowds plary sporting events, which were ture on efficiency technology and rein 2005 were recorded at marathons specifically planned and conducted newable energy pays itself off within (20 %) and motor sports and cycling in an environmentally compatible a few years. Comprehensive environ- events (18 % respectively). These way. They included the FIS Nordic mental management – for instance three disciplines attracted more than World Ski Championships 2005 in in the operation of sports facilities three-quarters of the total 25.6 mil- Oberstdorf and the FIS Alpine World – provides the greatest long-term lion visitors. Sailing, triathlons, ski Ski Championships 2003 in St. Moritz, benefit. Such a management system is alpine racing and golf, on the other where the organizers took care to based on a network of technical and hand, played a comparatively minor ensure that ski pistes cut through organizational measures, which are role among sporting events. less-sensitive regions. In Oberstdorf, continually developed and optimized. Sport is omnipresent, taking place in- the German Railway provided special doors, on the road and in the country- trains and shuttle buses during the Pro-active measures in sport also side. 45 % of all large sporting events World Championships to reduce pri- point the way to the future: vate road traffic. The 2006 FIFA World in 2005 took place in stadiums, indoor Large events fulfil an exemplary Cup broke new ground for greater | facilities and on motor sport circuits, and multiplier function for smaller environmental protection in sport. It 33 % on the roads and just under events. 25 % in the countryside. was the first Football World Cup with | Large events can be a communica- Large sporting events therefore have a comprehensive environmental and tions platform for environmental an inevitable adverse effect on the climate protection concept. Thanks to topics and sensitize visitors for environment. Sports tournaments “Green Goal“, almost 20 % less pota- ecological matters, also in everyday have increasingly become huge ble water was consumed, the majority life. events, and now often have a greater of stadium visitors travelled by public impact on the environment than in transport and quantities of waste in | Large events can also improve the the past. Rubbish simply thrown away, stadiums were reduced. In addition, image of event organizers, sponsors, noise, roads jammed with parked greenhouse gases brought about by sports associations and regions. cars and large strips cut through the World Cup will be compensated in forests and meadows are the seamy the coming years by means of climate side of many large events. There are protection projects in developing also effects that are not immediately countries. noticeable: increased emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from journeys to and from venues, the use of land and materials for the construction and development of new sports facilities as well as the great demand for energy and water. Green Champions With the environment on the starting line 13

Ecological effects Andreas Köpke of large sporting Member of the German European Champion Football Team 1996, Goalkeeper-trainer of the German football team events Environment and sport go hand in hand. This was demonstrated“ by the 2006 Football World Cup here in Germany, which was the ﬁ rst World Cup with an environmental concept. With “Green Goal” we were able, for instance, to save water and energy during the tournament. I‘d be very pleased if something similar was part of all future large sporting events.“

Large sporting events can have varied undesirable effects on the environment, depending on the type of sport and event.

Environmentally-relevant aspects of large sporting events

Marathon / Triathlon / Runs Cycling Motor sport Skiing: nordic / alpine Riding Football Sailing / Surﬁ ng / Rowing Golf Beach Volleyball Athletics Boxing Tennis Others Climate Transport Energy Waste Consumption of materials Wastewater / Water Nature and Landscape Noise Catering Merchandising 14 Green Champions With the environment on the starting line

Ecological effects of large sporting Climate protection events Greenhouse gases arise not only as Emissions can be reduced through a result of the sporting event itself. various measures, but they cannot be Emissions from accompanying events wholly avoided. Sporting events can, are of ever-increasing importance. At however, have a neutral effect on the Kieler Woche, for instance, 90 % the climate in so much as unavoida- of all visitors come for the festival ble greenhouse gas emissions from a and not for the sailing regatta. At the particular event can be compensated World Games in Duisburg the ﬁ gure by climate protection elsewhere. was 70 %. By far the greatest share This was achieved for the ﬁ rst time (around 95 %) of greenhouse gas with a major sport at the 2006 FIFA emissions in 2005 resulted from the World Cup in Germany. Greenhouse transportation of athletes, teams and gas emissions from the World Cup in visitors. A further 3 % arose from the Germany will be compensated in the production of consumed energy and coming years through projects in In- 2 % from construction work required dia and South Africa. Similar projects for the event. are planned for future large sporting events, such as the 2012 Olympic The 154 large sporting events in Games in London. Germany in 2005 brought about around 300,000 tonnes of greenhouse gases, not taking into account the overnight stays of visitors or catering. This is roughly equivalent to the emissions arising in the production of the electricity consumed annually by 140,000 average households.

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions of large sporting events in 2005 (Source: Öko-Institut/German Sport University Cologne)

By way of comparison: 1 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 equivalent) 2 50,000 Tonnes of greenhouse gases Tonnes (as CO 0 154 Football Electricity for large sporting Bundesliga 1 100,000 average- events households

1 Excl. overnight stays and catering. Green Champions With the environment on the starting line 15

Roland Baar Bronze medallist at the 1992 Olympic Games and silver medallist at the 1996 Olympic Games in rowing “eights“ “We should present ourselves at all European and world championships as a country, which is not only very friendly towards visitors, enthusiastic about sports and a perfect organizer, but also as a country that sets an excellent example in environmental protection.“

Transport With many large sporting events, also entitles the holder to free use The share of visitors who travelled to journeys made by athletes, teams of all local public transport services. venues in 2005 with their own cars and visitors to and from venues This “CombiTicket“ encouraged many varied noticeably from one sport to have a considerable adverse effect visitors to the FIFA World Cup in the another: Over 85 % of visitors to the on the environment. Transport was summer of 2006 to leave their car at Nürburgring or to the ADAC Rallye responsible for around 90 % of the home and make use instead of long- Deutschland travelled with their own greenhouse gases of all large sporting distance and local rail services. cars or motor bikes; by contrast, only events in Germany in 2005. Beyond 20 % and 40 %, respectively, travelled that, air pollutants, traffic noise and The 25.6 million visitors to large by car or motor bike to the German roads jammed with parked vehicles sporting events in 2005 ac- Gymnastics Festival and the Berlin are often the cause of nuisance to counted for emissions of around Marathon. This shows that spectators local residents. There are remedies, 210,000 tonnes of greenhouse are not always prepared to respond however, such as convincing visitors gases; that is, 8.0 kilograms per positively to specific appeals and to travel to venues by public trans- visitor. Travel on the part of offers. Event organizers who invest port, on foot or by bicycle, extend- some 500,000 competitors gave time and money in environmentally ing bus and rail services, creating rise to total emissions of around compatible transport concepts need “park & ride“ facilities and offering 60,000 tonnes, which correspond to to consider two questions: Are visitors attractive special tickets. Organizers about 100 kg per person. This high at all interested? And does a public have made positive experiences with figure is due, above all, to air travel transport network exist that is de- the so-called “CombiTicket“, which, to and from Germany by interna- signed, or can be expanded to handle in addition to admission to the event, tional competitors. large passenger flows?

Main means of transport for travel to and from sporting venues (Source: Öko-Institut/German Sport University Cologne analyses)

Shares of transportation in % Berlin Marathon Internl. German Gymnastics Festival Berlin ISTAF Berlin Six Day Race Bremen vents E

Stuttgart German Masters (horse show) in cities

% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005 vents

E Ski Jumping World Championships ADAC Rallye Deutschland

outside cities Formula 1 – Nürburgring

Car, motorcycle Bus + train incl. others

16 Green Champions With the environment on the starting line

Ecological effects of large sporting Waste events Roads and public areas littered with rubbish, overflowing waste bins as well as discarded food and merchandising products characterize the scene after many large sporting events. Waste is therefore often at the centre of public discussion. Moreover, the topic of waste provides the interface between ecological objectives and the individual spectator, since spectators are responsible for a large proportion Energy of accumulated rubbish. Spectators must therefore always be involved in No sporting event can do without The overall energy demand of the the planning of appropriate action. energy and heat. Energy is mainly 154 large sporting events in 2005 required for the operation of sports amounted to about 16 million kWh, The 154 large sporting events in facilities – such as floodlighting in and the demand for heat to just 2005 produced a total of approxi- stadiums – and temporary facilities. under 8 million kWh. Energy con- mately 3,000 tonnes of waste. On The degree of economic and efficient sumption per event worked out, on average, each event had to dispose use of energy determines, in part, the average, at about 100,000 kWh. of some 19 tonnes of waste, or 6 emissions of a particular event and tonnes per day. Waste per capita the resulting costs; it also determines The energy consumption of large amounted to around 200 grams. whether the event has made a contri- sporting events is largely depend- bution to climate protection. Electric- ent on the type of sports facility, the The largest quantities of waste arose, ity and heat should be produced in discipline and the duration of the as a rule, in the feeding of visitors. A such a way that adverse effects on event. In stadiums, arenas and in-door considerable proportion of accumu- the environment are kept to a mini- facilities electricity and heat are related rubbish is often accounted for mum. The list of possibilities is long. quired. In the case of outdoor events by flyers, give-aways and merchan- Heat, for example, can be produced the demand for electricity is gener- dising products. Wastes also arise with low-energy condensing boilers or ally restricted to simple applications, in non-public areas (hospitality), for biogas. Electricity can be supplied by such as lighting, sound systems and example in kitchens and kiosks, in photovoltaic plants or hydroelectric data processing. Additional demand organizational areas and in media power plants. Past experiences with for electricity arises for catering. With facilities, not least through the provi- large sporting events show that there certain types of sports there is specific sion of temporary facilities such as is a range of savings and efficiency energy consumption, including fuel tents, mobile kitchens and kiosks. A potentials, which can only be ex- consumption for racing cars in motor whole range of relevant and proven ploited, however, when the planning sport, electricity for snow cannons for measures is available to cope with of measures takes place in good time. skiing events, heat for heating pitches the problem of waste. These include Investment in an environmentally in football stadiums and electricity for waste separation, returnable beakers sound energy supply at a later stage is cooling plants at ice-skating rinks. and all activities that preclude the only possible up to a certain point. occurrence of waste. Green Champions With the environment on the starting line 17

Birgit Fischer Several times Olympic gold medallist, German Sportswoman of the Year in 2004 “Skimming across water in a boat offers a very special view of riverside landscapes. Through this quiet form of movement the perception of nature is more intensive, becoming a lasting and refresh- ing experience of an exceptional kind. To help preserve this opportunity for relaxation I‘m involved in various environmental projects and am also patroness of the ‘Naturathlon‘. The objective of the ‘Naturathlon‘ is to demonstrate how sport can be conducted in a manner compatible with nature. With large sporting events it has to be carefully examined how the impact on nature through the construction of sports facilities and the organization of events can be kept to an absolute minimum. Nature-compatible building materials and the latest energy-saving technology should be used without fail.“

Use of materials Water/Wastewater The construction of sports venues Water is a valuable resource that is Valuable potable water can be re- makes use of all kinds of materials. indispensable for sporting events. placed by rain-, surface and well wa- This applies to the construction or Responsible treatment of water is ter; even subsequent capital expendi- modernization of stadiums, racing therefore an essential component of ture – for example, on cisterns – pays circuits and indoor facilities, but in environmentally compatible sporting for itself within a few years. Water- particular to the erection of so-called events. The reduced use of potable saving sanitary facilities, such as temporary facilities. Tents, stands and water is an important but not the water-flow regulators or dry urinals, media facilities are erected solely for only aspect. Modern water man- noticeably reduce water consumption. the event, and are later dismantled. agement also includes the use of Desealing and infiltration also protect It is therefore all the more important rainwater, the infiltration of precipi- natural water resources. to limit the use of building materi- tation and all measures that protect In most cases, sports facilities and als as far as possible. This protects water bodies and groundwater from disciplines consume much more water the environment, reduces costs and contamination. than spectators and athletes (for ex- minimizes waste. Of more importance ample, for sprinkling football pitches is the choice of materials. Durable The 154 large sporting events in and golf courses, or for preparing or re-usable building components 2005 consumed around 90,000 cu- ice-rinks for speed skating or curling). or structures, which can be easily bic metres of water. A large sport- Many winter-sport events require repaired and require little mainte- ing event consumed, on average, great quantities of water to produce nance, are environmentally sound. about 580 cubic metres of water, or artificial snow. Materials should only be used that 190 cubic metres per day. The average can be later recycled or disposed of per-capita consumption of water of in an environmentally compatible all large sporting events amounted to way. Regenerative raw materials, such about 6 litres. as wood, recycled building materials (chipboard from recycled wood) and recycled-plastic products have a sound ecobalance. 18 Green Champions With the environment on the starting line

Ecological effects of large sporting events

Nature and landscape Noise Sport and sporting events can lead Sport produces noise, and it is not to conflicts with the objectives of always disturbing. An exciting at- nature conservation and landscape mosphere, loud singing or chanting protection in a number of ways. Sport and music are part of the event for requires a lot of land, on the one hand most spectators. Local residents, on for traffic and parking areas, for the the other hand, who do not directly media, exhibition sites, side events participate in the event, often feel in- and accommodation, and on the other convenienced. At the same time, noise hand for competition sites, such as emissions – for example, from the cross-country ski trails, MTB courses arrival and departure of spectators and ski jumps. Along the routes and in – can hardly be avoided. From that the area surrounding sports facilities point of view a dilemma often exists not only is the sport itself a strain on between those affected by noise and nature but also spectators. spectators and athletes who subject The sealing of land, damage to veg- themselves voluntarily and conscious- etation and soil, interference with the ly to noise. Noise impairs not only water balance and the disturbance of the quality of life of people affected; protected animals can all lead to con- in the case of open-air events noise flicts. Legislators have laid down clear emissions can also have an effect on specifications in order to keep the animals in the wild. impact on nature and landscape to a Noise is always experienced sub- minimum. The Federal Nature Con- jectively. The nuisance effect varies servation Act stipulates that avoid- strongly from person to person, and is able adverse effects on nature and very much dependent on non-acoustic landscape have to be avoided. If they factors. With the exception of very cannot be avoided, those responsible loud volumes, as a result of which have to make good or compensate hearing can be directly impaired, the such effects. relation between cause and effect is difficult to prove. Moreover, it is often quite impossible to make a clear distinction between noise from sport and noise from leisure-time activities, as provided for in existing legislation, since large sporting events increasingly resemble huge festivals. Green Champions With the environment on the starting line 19

Catering Procurement and Visitors to large sporting events gen- merchandising erally buy pizzas, chips, sausages and Souvenirs and merchandising prod- beer at kiosks, which they eat with ucts are an established feature of the their ﬁngers while standing around. colourful and atmospheric manifesta- At some events, besides the supply tion of large sporting events; they of food for visitors the feeding of range from sports shirts, T-shirts, athletes is also important. 7,500 kilo- scarves and caps to balls, national grams of noodles are consumed, for ﬂags, cuddly animals, car stickers, key instance, before the start of the Berlin chains, ball-point pens, whistles and Marathon, and during the race some all possible types of small toys. 36,000 apples and 132,000 bananas The spectator does not generally know are eaten. how such products are manufactured, The quality, type of production and whether environmental aspects have origin of food products are impor- been considered, whether child labour tant for an environmentally-sound was avoided or fair wages paid. It sporting event. In order that athletes is therefore all the more important and spectators eat well, good quality that promoters and organizers take food and meals are important, which care when purchasing such products are dietically healthy and sensible. that international environmental and Nowadays a wide variety of food is social standards have been complied available, whose manufacture has the with in their manufacture. least possible adverse effect on the environment. This concerns cultiva- tion and cattle breeding, subsequent processing of products and the transportation of food. Fair trade can also make a contribution. Fair means in this connection that producers receive prices for their raw materials and foodstuffs that cover their manufacturing costs. 20 Guide Green Champions

Introduction to the guide Green Champions Introduction to the guide 21

Roland Gäbler Three-time World Champion, nine-time European Champion and bronze medallist at the 2000 Olympic Games in tornado-class sailing “Experiencing nature and coping with its forces are the most important motive for sailing. Nature-compatible performance of sports and consideration for nature are in the best interests of all yachtsmen. Together with the main German water sports associations and the German League for Nature and Environment (DNR), the German Sailing Federa- tion drew up in 1980 ‘10 golden rules for the behaviour of water sportsmen and -women in the natural environment‘, which are still an integral part of all sailing training.“

Why a guide for environmentally larly noticeable in the case of the age all those who wish to establish compatible sporting events? There Olympic Games. In the 1990s, the the environmental concept in sport, are several reasons. To begin with, International Olympic Committee whether they organize European or the environment and sport are two declared environmental protection World Championships, an Olympic worlds that are often in confl ict, to be the third pillar of the Olympic qualifying event, junior-class events, namely when events cause too much movement. Since then, an environ- national championships, league noise and traffi c, make use of valu- mental concept and estimation of the games or smaller tournaments at a able countryside or give rise to high expected Olympic legacy is demanded regional level. levels of emissions. Solutions to these of all applicant cities. problems are available, and this guide This guide is directed at all those wants to put them across. Secondly, who are responsible for the ap- the range of technical and organi- plication, planning and organizing zational measures of environmental of large sporting events, namely protection is nowadays so large that sports associations, municipal bodies, organizers of sporting events can organization committees and event easily lose track of things. This guide agencies as well as the operators of helps to fi nd a way through the sports facilities. They can all make use labyrinth. Thirdly, sporting events are of this guide as orientation support a magnet for many millions of specta- and as a store of ideas, in order to in- tors, and if event organizers actively tegrate environmental protection and address the topic of environmental nature conservation into all phases and climate protection they can of event organization on a direct and reach targets groups that either have voluntary basis. little interest in or are insuffi ciently There is no clear dividing line between informed about ecology. “large“ and “small“ events in sport. The topic of environment and sport Environmental protection measures focuses not only on the short per- proposed in this guide relate primarily iod of time during which the event to large sporting events with more takes place, but also on the applica- than 10,000 spectators per day or tion phase that often begins years 5,000 participants. These measures, earlier, the period of preparation and however, are appropriate also for planning as well as on the event‘s smaller events. aftermath, its legacy. This is particu- The guide is thus designed to encour- 22 Green Champions Introduction to the guide

What the guide offers

The guide is based on experiences This guide seeks to gained in recent years with the environmental concepts of such renowned | encourage event organizers to address the topic of environment and climate sporting events as the FIS Nordic protection, World Ski Championships 2005 in | to provide information on the specific potentials of sporting events for envi- Oberstdorf and the 2006 FIFA World ronment and climate protection, Cup (with its “Green Goal“ concept), | to demonstrate what large sporting events can do for environment and as well as with Leipzig‘s applica- climate protection with modern technology and efficient organization, tion for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. Moreover, the findings of the | to provide information about sporting events and measures that could be an research project, “Stoffstromanalysen example for future events, zur Beurteilung der Umweltbelastun- | to put forward proposals for specific action and a package of measures, gen von Sportgroßveranstaltungen“ | and to indicate the most important partners for implementation of such (Materials flow analyses for the as- measures. sessment of the environmental impact of large sporting events), which was carried out by Öko-Institut and the German Sport University Cologne on behalf of the Federal Environmental Agency (UBA), were reflected in the development of the guide. Green Champions Introduction to the guide 23

The path to a custom-made environmental concept

The signiﬁcance of measures pro- mental area. The chapter, “Organizing posed in the following chapters for a an event“ describes matters that speciﬁc event needs to be examined require attention during competitions. for each event. In principle, environ- Finally, the chapter, “After the event“ mentally relevant areas – for exam- addresses the question concerning ple, water, waste, energy, transport, ecological activities that are useful catering – play a role in large sporting once the event has ended. events. Just how large this role is depends on a number of criteria: the discipline, the duration and size of the event, the venue and the existing infrastructure as well as the available budget and the size of the organizing team.

The format and structure of the guide is orientated towards the following ﬁve phases of a large sporting event:

| Application and concept. Phases of a large sporting event | Construction/modernization/extension of sports facilities. | Planning of the event. Application and concept | Organization. | Subsequent use / removal Phase 1

Construction/modernization/ The individual phases offer varied extension of sports facilities access to the topic and to speciﬁc measures. The “application and con- Phase 2 cept“ phase is the ideal starting point for those who want to address the Planning large events topic of environmentally compatible large sporting events in a fundamen- tal and comprehensive way. Those Phase 3 who construct or modernize stadiums, cross-country ski trails and indoor fa- Organizing an event cilities, or who plan temporary sports facilities, will ﬁnd information and environmental protection measures in Phase 4 the chapter, “Construction/modernization/extension of sports facilities“. The chapter, “Planning large events“ covers the period before the event, and lists, describes and assesses individual Phase 5 After the event measures in each important environ- 24 Green Champions Introduction to the guide

Maria Riesch 2004 Junior World Champion in downhill and giant slalom racing, four-time gold medallist at Alpine Ski World Cup, third place overall in the 2003/2004 Alpine Ski World Cup “The guide also sets a signal for the FIS Alpine World Ski Champion- ships 2011 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. I live there and am really look- ing forward to it. We are carefully preparing the World Championships and giving particular attention to the environment, because we know how dependent we are on it.“

The guide deﬁnes relevant ecological only provide suggestions. Previous areas and appropriate environmental experience shows that environmental protection measures for each phase. protection is not a subordinate objec- The Check List of measures at the tive, which can be realized “randomly“ end of each chapter gives an impres- or “by chance“; it is effective and suc- sion of the range of possibilities. In cessful only when taken into account practice, however, only certain key in all phases of event organization. areas will be relevant, and only a Organizers then not only act in an ex- limited number of measures will be emplary manner in ecological terms, realizable. Experience shows that it is they also enjoy economic beneﬁts advantageous for event organizers to through environmental protection. determine prioritized areas for action at an early stage, and to focus on selected measures. It is not possible to detail all statutory requirements within the framework of this guide, which cannot detail all conceivable measures, activities and management systems, but rather Green Champions Introduction to the guide 25

Overview

Page 26 Application and concept Lay down responsibilities Formulate guidelines and objectives Legal rules and regulations Choice of event venues / sports facilities Sponsoring Environmental management

Phase 1 37 Check List 38 Warming up: Construction / modernization / extension of sports facilities Building materials Transport Energy

2 Water / wastewater Nature and landscape Noise

Phase 47 Check List 50 Preliminaries: Planning large events Climate protection Transport Energy Waste Water Nature and landscape Noise

3 Catering Merchandising Communications

Phase 64 Check List 68 Let‘s go! Organizing an event Transport Waste

4 Nature and landscape Noise Communications

Phase 74 Check List 76 A sigh of relief: After the event Subsequent use

5 Waste Nature and landscape Communications

Phase 79 Check List 26 Guide Green Champions

Training begins: Application and concept Phase 1 Green Champions Phase 1 27

Training begins Phase 1

All sporting success begins with train- are, however, laws and regulations at gas emissions. In the best possible ing, or more precisely with a detailed a federal and Länder level, which have case, a large event will be planned training plan. Only those who are well an infl uence on large sporting events. and conducted with a neutral effect prepared have a chance of success. In addition, there are municipal on the climate. This requires that un- The same applies to sporting events. statutes, for example, which require avoidable greenhouse gas emissions Large events mostly require years of separate collection of wastes or set be compensated through climate preparation. Whether environmental limits for noise emissions at events protection projects elsewhere. issues have a role to play depends, within city boundaries. among other things, on the type Mass events often lead to confl icts of event. Environmental protection with their environs. Local residents guidelines are increasingly included, complain about waste, noise and the for example, in the offi cial documen- increased volume of traffi c. The timely tation of international sports associa- planning of measures to minimize tions for events under the umbrella these environmental effects can of the International Ski Federation or preclude such confl icts and, under the International Olympic Committee certain circumstances, simplify per- (IOC), which are subject to a formal mitting procedures. application procedure. Applicants What is also important, environmen- have to provide information on tal protection saves money. Event ecological issues and put forward an organizers that calculate in good time environmental concept. They have to the energy and water that the event describe the environmental and legal will consume, and then systematically situation, and must provide informa- minimize such consumption through tion, already at this early stage, on modern technology and / or organi- planned environmental protection zational measures, will reduce their measures. With many other interna- costs. Experience shows that a saving tional sporting events there are no of 10 to 15 % can be achieved by clear environmental specifi cations for quite simple means. applicants. In such cases, however, an Sporting events are of great impor- ecological concept for the event can tance for society and can thus provide represent a competitive advantage an important example. This applies in vis-à-vis other applicants. particular to environmental protec- In the case of events that require no tion. Sport cannot evade demands for explicit application, environmental the most economical use of resources protection is basically voluntary. There and the minimization of greenhouse 28 Green Champions Phase 1

Measures Phase 1 Environmental protection Environmental protection requires teamwork. Co-operation and integra- has to be organized tion are the key to success. For this Good organization is half the battle. reason, a dialogue with environmental This particularly applies to environ- and nature conservation organiza- mentally-sound large sporting events, tions, experts and competent au- since many of the tasks of an event thorities, Länder sports federations organizer affect aspects of the envi- and pressure groups should begin as ronment. Ecological issues can only be early as possible in the planning of an adequately considered, however, when event. This can help avoid misunder- the environment has a staunch sup- standings and confrontation. This is porter on the organizing committee. a prerequisite for successful applica- Each organizational unit should have tions for large international sporting someone responsible for considera- events; no international association tion and integration of environmental will award sporting events to venues demands, and someone should also where the event is massively opposed be appointed with overall responsibil- by relevant societal groups. In the ity for environmental issues. In the case of large sporting events, it could case of large events, moreover, it is be useful to set up an advisory board advisable to establish an environment under the participation of environ- department in the organizing commit- mental and nature conservation tee. Environmental staff can be suc- organizations. Such a board would cessful only when they are provided be helpful in the strategic analysis of with sufficient financial and personnel environmental effects, in the defini- resources and when they are involved tion of important fields of action and in all important decisions. in establishing focal points in the environmental programme. Good Practice Environment officer for motor sport

At every event approved by the Ger- man Motor Sports Association (DMSB) the organizer has to appoint an environment ofﬁcer. He keeps an eye on ecological issues during the running of the event and ensures that speciﬁ- cations contained in DMSB environmental guidelines are complied with. He makes environmentally relevant recommendations during and after the event, at the end of which he prepares a report that is made available to the event organizer, the DMSB, the responsible sports associations and the chairman of the stewards. Green Champions Phase 1 29

Formulation of guidelines each event. Two things are decisive: on the one hand, the involvement and objectives of all parties (ideally the organizer, Environmental protection has an infi- municipality, sports-facility operators nite number of facets. Organizers and and sponsors), and on the other hand, other involved parties must therefore quantification of objectives, that is, lay down guidelines and objectives at the percentage reduction in the use of an early stage. These provide the basis potable water, the share of electric- for the development of detailed envi- ity from renewable sources and the ronmental concepts, for the carrying quantity of greenhouse gases to be out of measures, for result checking compensated by climate protection and monitoring. projects in developing countries. Such At the very beginning, an initial es- specific targets enable subsequent timate is made of the likely environ- transparent monitoring of achieve- mental effects of the event and main ments. areas for action. At marathons, large Many of the following objectives are quantities of rubbish are typical; at not at all theoretical; they have been Formula 1 motor racing, spectator tested and proven in practice and journeys to and from motor circuits include the areas of waste, water, have the greatest effect, while at ski transport and energy, which were part events it is the impact on nature and of the “Green Goal“ environmental landscape that is important. An as- concept for the 2006 FIFA World sessment is insufficient, of course, for Cup. Other objectives, such as cater- the Olympic Games or world champi- ing and merchandising, have been onships, where a status-quo analysis put to the test to a lesser extent at is necessary. sporting events, but experience has The table on pages 30 and 31 reviews been gained, however, at other large possible guidelines and objectives events, such as the October Fest in in varied fields of action. These are Munich and church congresses. Na- intended as recommendations that ture and landscape occupy a special have to be adapted or modified for position. Here, objectives are defined by legislators and the scope for action is largely regulated. Once objectives have been set, the next important step is the drawing up of a comprehensive concept for realization of environmental objectives; that is, the selection and assessment of necessary technical and organizational measures. 30 Green Champions Phase 1

Overview

Possible guidelines and objectives for environment protection and nature conservation

Construction/Resources Climate/Energy Guideline Guideline A prerequisite for the planning of every sports facility is a Potential energy savings should be exploited through tech- critical examination of requirements and an ecologically nical and organizational measures. Energy required will be and economically balanced concept for subsequent use. produced as far as possible by environmentally compatible Environmentally compatible building covers not only the means. The organization of a large sporting event should construction of sporting facilities, but also their subse- have no impact on the global climate. quent operation. Objectives Objectives Reduction of energy consumption: Savings and efficiency Sustainable use: Sports facilities are built only when it potentials will be ascertained. The energy consumption of can be shown that their planning includes ecologically and the event will be reduced as far as possible. economically useful subsequent operation. Use of renewable energy sources: Energy supply will Temporary facilities: In planning and construction, use is derive as far as possible from renewable sources. made of materials, elements, fittings and equipment that Temporary energy supply: Diesel generators will not be are durable and a risk to neither health nor the environ- used; where unavoidable, their use will be reduced. ment. Materials, fittings and equipment are intended for subsequent further use. Climate-neutrality: Greenhouse gas emissions will be avoided, or reduced. Unavoidable greenhouse gas emissions will be compensated by investment in climate protection projects.

Transport Waste Guideline Guideline Travel to and from the event must be organized in an Waste should be avoided, or at least reduced. Unavoida- ecological and efficient way. Unnecessary travel should be ble waste should be recycled, and non-recyclable waste avoided, and unavoidable travel undertaken by environ- expertly disposed of. mentally-sound means of transport. Objectives Objectives Waste avoidance: Quantities of waste will be reduced as Improvement of integrated environment-friendly public far as possible through, for example, packaging-free and transport: Public transport, cycling and footpaths should multiple-use systems. achieve as high a share as possible of total traffic to and Waste recycling: Systems will be established for the sep- from sports venues. arate collection of biowaste, light packaging, paper, glass Reduction in the climatic effects of transport: Transport- and residual rubbish. related greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced. Temporary facilities: Where possible, materials, fittings Protection of residents: Exposure of residents to traffic in and equipment for temporary facilities will be rented and the vicinity of sporting events will be minimized. reused, sold or given away after the event. Green Champions Phase 1 31

Water Noise Guideline Guideline Potable water is a valuable resource, which should be Noise should be avoided or reduced. Unavoidable noise used carefully and economically. should be limited in terms of time and space. Certain groups of people (those in schools, kindergartens, hospitals Objectives etc.) should be particularly protected. Protection of resources: Water consumption for both the event and the venue will be reduced. Objectives Substitution of potable water: Surface water, rain- and Reduce noise emissions: Noise emissions should be well water will be used instead of potable water. reduced as far as possible directly at source and kept at as low a level as possible. Event sound systems may not Reduction in waste- and groundwater contamination: cause unreasonable disturbance to local residents. Soil and groundwater contamination will be prevented. Wastewater quantities will be reduced. Decrease in noise exposure: Where noise exposure cannot be adequately reduced through active noise abatement measures, passive or constructional measures should be Catering taken. Controlling: There should be permanent and consistent Guideline monitoring of events with high noise emissions. Meat and other food products should be produced re- gionally in an environmentally sound and natural manner and also be uncontaminated. They should derive from fair-trading. Merchandising Guideline Objectives Merchandising products should be pollutant-free and Organic products: A large share of organic products will manufactured in an environmentally sound manner. be used in catering. Demanding environmental and social standards should be Regional products: Regional produce will be used. complied with in production processes. Fair-trade products: Care will be taken that food Objectives products are purchased at fair prices. Where possible, Environmental management: Manufacturers of merchan- products with the “fair-trade“ label will be used. dising products must possess a formal environment management system (for example, EU eco-audit or ISO 14001). Environmental and social standards: Manufacturing Nature and landscape should take place in line with demanding environmental Guideline and social standards. This applies particularly to sports Events should have as little as possible impact on nature clothing and equipment. and the landscape. Species protection should be guaran- Durability and recyclability: Merchandising products teed. should be of high quality, durable and easily recyclable.

Objectives Co-operation instead of confrontation: A continuous dialogue between different interest groups can avoid conﬂicts between “nature users“ and “nature conservers“. Avoidance before both minimization and compensation: The user should avoid or minimize adverse effects on nature and the countryside to the greatest extent possible. Unavoidable effects must be offset or compensated by measures of nature conservation and landscape management. Use of existing resources: Local resources can be successfully employed through sound planning. 32 Green Champions Phase 1

Florian Schwarthoff Bronze medallist in 110 metres hurdles at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta “One can‘t take all hurdles at one go. If a sporting event should have as little effect on the environment as possible, this can only be achieved with clear and speciﬁc objectives. Even when not all objectives can be achieved, they are an incentive to keep trying until they are achieved.”

Statutory framework Every sporting event on public grounds has to be approved, and every approval requires that the organisers comply with statutory requirements. Requirements in the areas of nature/ landscape and noise, which are laid down in federal and Länder law, are particularly relevant for large sporting events. At a municipal level, there are further standards, particularly concerning the treatment of waste and the regulation of traffic flows. Nature conservation has a long tradi- tion in Germany, and the statutory regulations, which also affect sport, are correspondingly extensive. If possible, large sporting events should not take place in nature conservation areas, where special approval is generally required. Valuable ecosystems, to a tolerable level for local residents such as wetlands or dry grasslands, by means of stipulations and condi- are particularly protected and may tions. Such conditions include, for not be adversely affected. example, a limitation on the duration According to the Federal Nature of an event, specifications concerning Conservation Act, avoidable adverse the location and radiation direction of effects on nature and landscape are loudspeakers as well as limits on noise prohibited. Where such effects are levels. In this case, too, application unavoidable, they have to be offset for approval must be made at an early or compensated by nature conserva- stage to the competent municipal tion and landscape management authority. elsewhere. The act also lays down that sensitive ecosystems that require protection – including both small biotopes and large conservation areas – may not be impaired. Organizers planning outdoor events have to seek clarification from the local competent authority on whether the event requires approval under nature conservation or landscape protection law. Legislation protects people from excessive noise from sporting events. Loud open-air events therefore require approval, and noise is restricted Green Champions Phase 1 33

Overview

German statutory requirements for large sporting events (excluding construction of sports facilities)

Legislation Area of application Principles and objectives Effects on events

1. Nature conservation

Federal Nature Throughout Adverse effects on the balance of Early involvement of competent Conservation Act Germany nature have to be avoided or, when authorities in the examination of (BNatSchG) unavoidable, offset or compen- applications sated NATURA 2000 FFH areas and bird Area-specific protection and Sports facilities in or around NAT- sanctuaries obligation for sustainable develop- URA 2000 areas generally require ment. confirmation of compatibility The “prohibition of deterioration“ applies Länder nature Nature conserva- Destruction, impairment, modifica- Such areas have generally to be conservation tion areas tion and long-term disturbance are avoided. Use is not possible without regulations prohibited official approval Landscape protec- All activities are prohibited that Use is not possible without official tion areas run counter to the character of the approval protected area

2. Protection of species

Tree Protection Mostly in cities Activities that damage protected An event must be planned and Decree trees are prohibited organized in such a way that the protection of species is guaranteed Federal Species Throughout Protected ﬂora and fauna may not An event must be planned and Protection Decree Germany be endangered organized in such a way that the protection of species is guaranteed

3. Woodlands

Federal Forest Events in woodlands Woodlands have to be preserved The general right of access to Act and Länder or on woodland and protected on account of their woodlands can be restricted in the woodland legis- pathways economic, ecological and cultural case of events lation values 34 Green Champions Phase 1

Legislation Area of application Principles and objectives Effects on events

4. Water protection

Federal Water Events that involve Waters must be managed in such Subordinate water authorities must Act (WHG) and the use of surface a way that the interests of the be consulted when adverse effects Länder legislation waters, coastal wa- general public are served. Every cannot be excluded ters or groundwater avoidable impairment of waters is prohibited

5. Noise protection

Technical Instruc- Sports facilities Limitation of noise exposure Standard exposure values in TA Lärm tions concerning subject to ap- must be met noise (TA Lärm) proval according to (according to the immission control 4 th Federal Im- law (motor sports mission Control circuits, shooting Decree, Annex) ranges) Decree on noise Sports facilities not Protection from the adverse Standard exposure values in line with protection in subject to approval environmental effects of noise the 18 th Federal Immission Control respect of sports according to immis- Decree must be met facilities (18 th sion control law Federal Immis- sion Control Decree Länder For non-sporting- Restriction to a reasonable level Standard exposure values according recreational- events in sports of noise exposure for residents to TA Lärm are assessed noise guidelines facilities Länder immission Outdoor events Restriction to a reasonable level Approval required; approval can be control legisla- of noise exposure for residents issued with stipulations and/or condition tions

6. Waste/Wastewater

Municipal stat- Events on public Waste avoidance, waste separa- Observe municipal regulations (e. g. utes on waste grounds tion and environment-compat- ban on nonreturnable crockery and ible disposal packaging material, regulations on waste separation and disposal) Municipal stat- Throughout Orderly disposal of wastewater Approval required from the competent utes on waste- Germany authority (generally the civil engineer- water ing ofﬁce). Connection of waste pipes to public sewerage systems Green Champions Phase 1 35

Measures Phase 1 The right choice: Event venues and sports facilities The choice of venue and sports facilities sets the path at an early stage for an environmentally compatible event. With the conscious and careful selec- Application of the city of Leipzig for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games: 90 per tion of venues and facilities adverse cent of all medals were to be awarded within a radius of 10 kilometres from the effects on the environment can be Olympic village and the city centre (Source: City of Leipzig, Olympic Planning more easily prevented and the cost Staff) of environmental protection measures reduced. Size, duration, spectator numbers and the timing of the event are the decisive factors. Besides issues of nature conservation and problems of noise, the venue‘s traffic connections play an important role. The question of whether the venue can be reached by public transport largely determines the level of later noise and pollutant emissions arising from travel to and from the event by spectators (see diagram concerning the concept of the city of Leipzig contained in its application for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games). The choice of venue can also have an influence on the energy supply and wastewater disposal of sports facilities. In the case of outdoor events, cross-country ski trails, water and racing courses have to be very carefully selected in order that flora and fauna are dis- turbed and otherwise affected as little as possible. 36 Green Champions Phase 1

Measures Phase 1 with the sponsor that will then be Systematic environmental included in contracts. In the case of an automobile industry sponsor, for protection instance, it could be arranged that Environmental management systems only those vehicles will be used for are worthwhile for large events, the transport of VIPs during the event, whose planning is spread over several which have high exhaust standards years, for annually recurring events or alternative engines, or that drivers and for large sports facilities. Such will undergo fuel-saving training. systems affect many different eco- Finally, companies can be sought that logical areas, from water, energy and actively support and promote the waste to the further training of staff environmental concept without being and public relations. Environmental offi cial sponsors. management systems are much more Sponsoring Large sporting events are not only an than the sum of individual measures; In surveys, around 90 % of Germans opportunity for traditional marketing. they lend environmental protection claim to be interested in sport. Each They can also serve companies as a both a system and a structure. year 30 million people visit sporting platform for the presentation of new, Environmental management systems events, 50 million watch events on environmentally benefi cial technolo- require that responsibilities, proc- television. In other words, sporting gies, products and services. In this esses and requirements be laid down events are an optimum platform for (ideal) case, co-operation between in detail. This way it is ensured that sponsors, enabling them to achieve event organizer and sponsor takes ecological issues play a role not only long-term, emotional attachment the form of pro-active collaboration, in the short term, but also in the long of consumers to a particular brand which benefi ts both the environment term. Such systems facilitate the or product. Sport is by far the most and the event. Also in the case of search for cost-reduction potentials popular sponsoring area, accounting co-operation with other important and the development of a comprehen- for an estimated 40 % of total spon- partners, such as caterers, settling the sive package of measures. Further- soring budgets. details of contracts at an early stage more, they enhance staff motivation Sponsors can also play a key role in has a great infl uence on the practical and support dealings with licensing the realization of an environmental realization of environmental objec- authorities. Not least they offer built- concept. Experience has shown that tives. in result checking, as it were; environ- an early approach to companies is mental management systems provide important. It is a good idea when for regular control through external selecting sponsors to check whether experts, who examine whether laid they will support environmental ob- down objectives have been achieved. jectives. At best, the event organizer will agree upon precise environmental objectives or ecological guidelines

Good Practice Medal for environmental management

The organizers of the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Turin set their sights on environmental protection. For the fi rst time in Olympic history TOROC, the organizing committee, received an environmental certifi cate according to ISO 14001 as well as certifi cation according to the European EMAS system. Eight of the venues also registered under EMAS. The effects were particularly noticeable in the Olympic village, with its total of 39 buildings and 2,500 athletes. Hot water was produced by solar absorbers, south-facing glassed areas made the best possible use of sunlight and energy-saving lamps reduced electricity consumption for lighting. In addition, the village was connected to the municipal district- heating network and buildings were insulated with material made from recycled cellulose fi bre. TOROC also established an environment-friendly procurement policy and laid down environmental criteria for the selection of suppliers. Almost 40 % of the 3 million euros that the organizers of the Winter Games spent on goods and services met these standards. Green Champions Phase 1 37

Check List Phase 1

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

1. General Matters

Organization of Appoint staff responsible for the application and concept Organizers, environmental phase sports associa- protection Establish environment department within the organizing tions committee for large events with decision-making responsibility and its own budget Commence dialogue and co-operation with environmental and nature conservation organizations, experts and relevant authorities Formulation of Initial assessment of the event‘s environmental effects (espe- Organizers in guidelines and cially in the case of large events) co-operation objectives Lay down speciﬁ c environmental guidelines and objectives in with relevant co-operation with relevant parties parties Development of an innovative environmental concept

Statutory Identiﬁ cation of requirements under environmental and Organizers, requirements nature conservation law operators of Compliance with environmental and nature conservation law sports venues in planning the event Selecting venues Selection of venues and sports facilities in line with environ- Organizers and sports facili- mental criteria ties Sponsoring and Consideration of environmental aspects in the choice of Organizers, contractual sponsors and in corresponding contracts sponsors agreements Co-operation with sponsors in the creation and realization of the environmental concept Co-operation with caterers (VIP areas)

Environmental Preparation and development of a comprehensive (certiﬁ - Organizers, management cated) environmental management system (for example, operators of Öko-Proﬁ t, ISO 14001, EMAS II), covering also the nature and sports facilities landscape area

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures 38 Guide Green Champions

Warming up: Construction/modernization/ extension of sports facilities Phase 2 Green Champions Phase 2 39

Warming up Phase 2 erected for an event and then dismantled or removed on its conclusion. These temporary facilities include tents for catering and medical aid, restaurant and sanitary facilities, media centres and ofﬁ ces, terraces and stands. Temporary facilities are always very important, since most activities – such as catering, shows, games and exhibitions – take place in the area surrounding the actual sporting event. Even a complete sports facility can be erected as a temporary construc- Sport needs the right framework. This tion. Low-waste and resource-saving includes large halls, modern stadiums, construction methods are therefore of the best possible race circuits and ski particular importance in this area. trails. Competitions mostly take place The construction of sports facili- at existing facilities. Many halls are ties involves considerable emissions multi-purpose facilities for widely of greenhouse gases and airborne differing disciplines – from boxing pollutants as well as the use of land to ice hockey and horse-riding. With and resources. Every sports facility such events, promoters and organizers whose capacity is not fully utilized generally act independently of owners has a needless impact on the environ- and operators of sports facilities. On ment. The greater the size and cost the other hand, horse-racing courses, of sports facilities the greater, as a football stadiums and ski jumps are rule, the impact on the environment. venues for regularly recurring events, For this reason, a critical examina- and there is a close connection to the tion of requirements must be carried respective sports association. out at the outset of planning: Does a Existing sports facilities, however, are new sports facility have to be built, or not always adequate. Sometimes they can an existing facility be used? Can are too small or outdated, or they do an existing facility be modernized or not meet all the technical demands of extended with temporary buildings a promoter. New and modernized fa- to meet the demands of a particular cilities are nearly always required for large sporting event? Is the facil- Olympic Games and football or skiing ity of the right size? Is it adequately world championships. Generally, it is equipped? Is the location right? Can it not the promoters and organizers of be used after the event? an event but rather the owners and operators of sports facilities that are the appropriate parties for implementation of environmental protection measures. Apart from sports facilities themselves, temporary facilities are also frequently required at large events; that is, structures that are specially 40 Green Champions Phase 2

Warming up Phase 2 No money for environmental protec- the construction or modernization tion? This argument is rarely convinc- of a sports facility, corresponding ing. When money is short and savings specifications have to be stipulated in are made in environmental protection tendering documents. If, for exam- rather than in other areas, this is ple, water-saving fittings or efficient often regretted during later operation heating systems are included in the of the facility. Operators have then to invitation to tender they are much cope with unnecessarily high energy easier to realize. Environmental cri- and water costs for decades, costs, teria in tendering documents lay the which could have been noticeably grounds for environmentally-sound reduced with comparatively modest operation of the sports facility. expenditure on efficiency technology Besides approvals under building law, at the time of construction. and depending on their size and loca- Planning and construction as well as An event is generally a good oppor- tion, environmental and nature con- subsequent operation are the decisive tunity to carry out long-needed mod- servation regulations have also to be factors influencing an environmen- ernization work on a sports facility. It observed in the construction or mod- tally-sound sports facility. In general, can also provide an impulse to carry ernization of sports facilities. Without the following principles apply: out exemplary measures for emission precise knowledge of the building | The path to environmentally-sound reduction or for the protection of project it is impossible to specify the operation of a sports facility is nature and landscape. Various models legal regulations that have to be con- determined in its planning and have been developed in the past to sidered. In the following table, legal construction. help cope with costs. In the case regulations in the nature conservation | Environmental protection measures of contracting, a company recoups area are listed, which might have to can be better implemented when capital expenditure – for example, on be considered for the construction they are properly planned in good water- and energy-saving technology or modernization of sports facilities. time. – through long-term savings in water In addition to nature conservation and energy costs. A further option is regulation, environmental regulations | The scope for measures is gener- to have individual measures financed have also to be considered. In this ally greater in the case of new and by sponsors or manufacturers of cor- connection, in particular, the require- temporary buildings than in the responding products and plants. This ments of the Energy Savings Decree modernization or extension of exist- way, companies can open up a market have to be observed. ing facilities. and at the same time use the event to | Existing facilities also have con- cultivate its own image. siderable potential in environmental Should it be intended to take en- areas such as energy and water. vironmental issues into account in

Procedure for the planning of a sports facility

Concept for future use Examination of requirements

New building Conversion/modernization Temporary facilities (with uncertain future use)

Choice of venue Examination of size and design Environment-friendly project according to ecological criteria planning (design/environmental technology) Green Champions Phase 2 41

Overview

Nature conservation regulations in Germany concerning the construction and modernization of sports facilities

Legislation Area of application Importance for the project

1. Planning permission procedure

Building Code, Construction, use, op- The compatibility of the project with all public regulations is exam- Länder building eration and modiﬁca- ined, including those concerning environmental protection. All legal and nature con- tion of sports facilities, regulations have to be complied with, and legal demands have to be servation laws including temporary met even if a project does not require approval. buildings Possibly necessary:

Landscape Pro- see above The Landscape Protection Support Plan is the independent specialist tection Support contribution to a project that describes an impact on the environment Plan and landscape in terms of Länder nature conservation laws. Green Structures see above The Green Structures Plan speciﬁes the requirements of the Landscape Plan Plan and forms the ecological basis for the Local Development Plan.

2. Planning approval procedure

Administrative Realization of larger Planning approval encompasses all other decisions of competent Procedure Acts projects (superior, secto- authorities. It is not applicable to normal building projects, and has to ral planning signiﬁcant be laid down in administrative regulations (this concerns, for example, for regional planning) motor sport circuits and ski lifts).

3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Environmental Has to be conducted The EIA comprises the appraisal, description and assessment of prob- Impact Assess- for projects of impor- able considerable effects of a project on man, ﬂora and fauna, soil, ment Act, Länder tance for regional climate and landscape – including respective interaction – as well on laws planning, from which cultural and other material assets. considerable effects on the environment are to be expected

4. Examination of FFH compatibility

Federal Landscape Projects in or around The compatibility of plans and projects with the objectives of preser- Conservation Act, Natura 2000 areas vation or restoration of a favourable state of conservation of an area Länder laws (FFH areas and bird is examined. Adverse effects that considerably endanger these objec- sanctuaries) tives are not permissible. 42 Green Champions Phase 2

Measures Phase 2 Transport Public transport connections | Cycleways and footpaths | In order that as many spectators as Many sports facilities can be eas- possible travel to events not with ily reached by bicycle. Well-planned their cars but rather by bus or train, cycleways and sufﬁcient parking sports facilities should have the best places at sports facilities increase the possible connections to the local number of cyclists. Footpaths planned public transport network. Shuttle at an early stage, and well signposted, bus services can be set up with little are also elements of environmentally effort. City-rail, underground and compatible journeys to sports facili- tram services or local rail services, on ties. the other hand, require new routes Technology does not have to be rein- or enlarged stops. Such construction vented for environmentally compat- work is, however, only sustainable ible sports facilities. From energy-sav- when sports facilities have a high ing light bulbs to photovoltaic plants, capacity utilization, or when expan- from rainwater storage to economical sion improves access to city districts toilet ﬂushing, from recycled concrete and municipalities. It is obvious that to waste separation – most tech- such infrastructural measures are nologies that are used in public and more worthwhile in cities than in private buildings or by non-sporting rural areas, where buses are often the events are eminently suitable for uti- better solution. lization in the world of sport. And the Good Practice advantages of environment-friendly building materials can be easily ex- Regenerative raw materials ploited in sports facilities. for the Television Centre

Building materials During the 2006 FIFA World Cup the International Broadcasting Centre (IBC) Regenerative building materials | was the central “powerhouse“ for television broadcasting to a billion people. The Regenerative building materials such IBC was built using recycling-favourable construction methods and regenerative as wood have a decisive environ- raw materials. Ceiling beams and carrier proﬁles were made of solid wood, and mental advantage: They are climate- walls of glued multi-layered coniferous wood. A total of 966 tonnes of wood neutral since they absorb during their – 40 lorry-loads – were used to build the Television Centre. At the end of the growth phase the same amount of World Cup the greater part of the material was not waste but rather recyclable carbon dioxide that is later released material. The wooden elements of the studios, for instance, will be used in the during disposal of the material. Use of construction of 60 houses. this building material should therefore be favoured.

Recycled building materials | Materials should be used that derive from recycled material. These include chipboard from recycled wood, products from recycled plastics and recycled concrete.

Materials low in pollutants | Generally, only those materials should be employed that give no concern for health risks. Problematic materials can be found, above all, in ﬂoor coverings and their adhesives, wall panelling, paint and varnish as well as in insulation materials. PVC should be avoided. Many municipalities now have their own regulations concerning materials that may not be used in public buildings. Green Champions Phase 2 43

Good Practice The sun shines on Bern

Since the summer of 2005 the Stade de Suisse in Bern operates the largest solar plant integrated into the roof of a football stadium anywhere in the world. For this it was awarded the EUROSOLAR Environment Prize and the Swiss Solar Prize. The roof modules together form an area of 8,000 square metres. In its ﬁrst year of operation around 800,000 kWh of electricity were produced; this is equivalent to the average annual consumption of around 250 households. In its ﬁnal form the roof will accommodate 12,000 square metres of modules and produce an annual total of 1.2 million kWh of electricity.

Energy Good Practice Solar energy | Sports facilities frequently offer Sun galore over Kaiserslautern stadium sufficient space for the installation Stadium roofs are generally open and relatively fragile structures. That the later of photovoltaic plants – whether on installation of photovoltaic plants is nevertheless possible is demonstrated roofs or in the immediate vicinity. by the example of Kaiserslautern stadium, where installation of the largest Requirements for later installation of photovoltaic plant that has ever been installed on the roof of a German football plant should be laid down in invita- stadium began in 2006. In all, around 5,000 modules are being installed. They tions to tender for construction of cover an area of 6,000 square metres and, fitted close together, they would more the sports facility. Such requirements than cover a football field. In its ultimate configuration the plant will have an include the positioning of the build- output of up to 800 kWp and generate up to 720,000 kWh of electricity each ing, its usable (roof) area and statics year – enough to supply 200 households with electricity for a whole year. as well as technical infrastructure for the feeding of generated energy into the power supply network. Photo- voltaic plants are not only of interest for new buildings, they can also be retrofitted to existing sports facilities. An important point is that generated solar energy is generally not directly supplied to the sports facility but is fed into the power supply network. 44 Green Champions Phase 2

Measures

Phase 2 Lighting | Central building control systems | Daylight is the most environment- Sports facilities have a large number friendly light. As far as possible, one of heat and electricity consumers. should utilize daylight and dispense Modern central building control with artificial light. Where artificial systems enable control of isolated light is required, energy-saving light consumption – lamps, heating, ven- bulbs result in a considerable reduc- tilation etc. – in such a way that tion in electricity consumption. In in- energy is only supplied when it is door areas, compact fluorescent lamps really needed. A great deal of energy (T5 technology) and raster or reflector can be saved through proper manage- lamps with electronic series connec- ment with the help of central building tors are recommended. In external control systems. areas – for example with floodlights Energy – modern, energy-saving lights should Heat | be used, which nowadays produce the The production of heat consumes same illumination as earlier models, energy. Heating with renewable but consume 20 % less electricity. In energy sources, such as wood chips, addition, through precise arrangement biogas and solar heat, is more of floodlights both lights and energy environment-favourable and in the can be saved. Detector alarms and long term more cost effective than brightness sensors ensure that light with gas or oil. Condensing boilers only burns – indoors and outdoors and block CHP (combined heat and – when it is needed. Finally, lamps are power) units also reduce consumption not always needed. Basically, it is a considerably. A lot of energy is lost question of creating sufficient light through ventilation. Heat exchang- with the least amount of electricity. ers can recover a large proportion of this energy. The insulation of walls and floors noticeably reduces energy consumption. Even modest measures have a great effect: Dispensing with hot-water connections for washbasins in sanitary facilities, for example, and thermostats on radiators that restrict maximum room temperature. The use of air-conditioning systems can be reduced through passive sun protection measures (for example, external blinds) and natural ventilation. Green Champions Phase 2 45

Water/wastewater Substitution of potable water | A simple and effective way to save water is the extensive use of free rainwater: One-third of stadiums newly-constructed or modernized for the 2006 FIFA World Cup built rainwater cisterns. Besides rainwater, well water or water from lakes or riv- ers can also be used. Rain and surface water can be used for toilets and urinals, for cleaning and the watering of playing fields and other areas. Lightly contaminated water can be reused, Good Practice for example, for toilet flushing. 100,000 gymnasts Water-saving (sanitary) facilities and devices | save water Considerable quantities of potable and wastewater can be saved at com- The 1994 German Gymnastics Festival in Hamburg set a milestone for the paratively low cost through the use of economical of water in the world of sport. Around 100,000 athletes traditionally water-saving fittings and devices. The stay overnight during the event in sports halls and schools. The city of Hamburg choice is great: dry urinals, water- took this opportunity to modernize sanitary facilities in more than 200 schools. saving showers and toilet flushing, As a result, a great deal of potable water was saved and modernization soon water-flow regulators on taps, self- paid for itself. At the same time, the water-saving gymnastics championships closing taps on washbasins, economi- encouraged the education authority to re-equip sanitary facilities in other cal dishwashers. Many of these can schools in the Hanseatic city. be easily retrofitted in existing sports facilities.

Infiltration and desealing | Wherever buildings are constructed large areas of land are generally sealed. The deliberate infiltration of rainwater and other types of precipi- tation can reduce the impact on the water cycle. Modern infiltration plants Water consumption of selected World Cup stadiums in Bundesliga operations comprise underground hollowed-out (Source: Green Goal Legacy Report 2006) plastic blocks, which store and slowly release water into the ground. The use of water-permeable materials for free spaces and paths contributes to Showers and relaxation baths 3 % rainwater infiltration and feeds water External areas 2 % Washbasins 11 % back into the natural water cycle.

Field/Pitch 29 %

Toilets and urinals 43 %

Other 8 %

Catering 4 % 46 Green Champions Phase 2

Fabian Hambüchen Gold medallist on the horizontal bar at the 2007 World Gymnas- tics Championships, Gold medallist on the horizontal bar at the 2005 and 2007 European Championships, runner-up in the multi- discipline event at the 2007 European Gymnastics Championships “Championships and Olympic Games need large halls and stadiums. This can lead to adverse effects on the environment. In my opinion, measures to restrict such effects to a minimum should already be adopted during the construction of sports facilities.“

Nature and landscape Noise Compensation concept | Use of land | Active noise abatement | Where sports facilities have an impact Sealed land represents a loss for na- This includes the installation of on nature and landscape, legislation ture and landscape. The minimization loudspeaker attenuators, the use of requires that such adverse effects of the use of land and land sealing several small loudspeakers instead of be compensated. This is intended to must therefore be a prime objective a lesser number with greater output, ensure that major effects are sub- of project planning. An important or the arrangement of loudspeakers ject to a process of examination and contribution can be made by tem- in such a ways that noise emission consideration. porary facilities, such as spectator in the vicinity of the sports facility is stands, which are erected just for the minimized. Ecological monitoring of event and then later dismantled and construction work | removed without a lasting effect on Passive noise protection | Precise realization of laid-down nature and landscape. Loud sports facilities, such as stadi- avoidance and minimization measures ums and racing circuits, can be sepa- should be monitored by an ecologist rated from the environment – similar during construction work. to industrial installations and roads – by noise-protection barriers or planting.

Compensation areas for the development of the cross-country ski course and ski-jump stadium in Oberstdorf for the FIS Nordic World Ski Champion- ships 2005 (Source: Oberstdorf Municipal Council)

Location Forestry-related Nature-conservation-re- compensation in ha lated compensation in ha Donelars – Teil 0.78 Schöllang 1.48 Traufberg 1.10 Wanne 0.33 Jauchen 0.51 Sanghölzer, Schöllang 0.35 Rubi 1.65 0.78 Truppersoy 0.30 Total 5.02 2.26 Green Champions Phase 2 47

Check List Phase 2

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

1. General matters

Examination of Use existing sports facilities instead of new buildings for Organizers, requirements large sporting events operators and Where new buildings/extensions are necessary, check wheth- owners of er they could be operated economically after the event sports facilities Where applicable, construct temporary facilities (for example, stands) Develop a concept for subsequent use

Choice of venue Pay attention to environmentally relevant aspects, such as Operators and nature conservation, noise abatement, energy supply, local owners of public transport connections sports facilities Statutory Observation and compliance with all laws and regulations Operators/ requirements relating to environmental protection and nature conservation owners of Initiation of a procedure for consideration of environmental sports facili- criteria in respect of construction or enlargement ties, organizers, authorities Environmental Lay down binding environmental speciﬁcations in invitations Operators and criteria in invita- to tend owners of tions to tender sports facilities

2. Building materials

Regenerative raw Give preference to regenerative raw materials for construc- Operators and materials tion or enlargement owners of sports facilities Recycled building Give preference to recycled building materials Operators and materials owners of sports facilities Materials low in Avoid problematic materials and those of potential risk to Operators and pollutants health owners of Observe municipal bans on certain materials sports facilities

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures 48 Green Champions Phase 2

Check List Phase 2

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

3. Transport

Local public Construction or extension of public transport stops/stations Municipalities/ transport con- (especially with large international sporting events) cities, trans- nections Increase route capacities of rail-based local public transport port undertak- ings

Cycleways and Provide cycleways and footpaths to sports facilities Municipalities/ footpaths cities Set up/extend bicycle parking spaces

4. Energy

Solar energy Installation of photovoltaic plants Sports-facility operators/owners Heat Energy-efﬁcient heating plants Operators and owners of Regenerative energy sources sports facilities

Recover heat by means of heat exchangers in air-conditioning plants Best possible insulation of heated areas

Do without hot-water connections for hand basins in sanitary facilities Fitting of radiator thermostats

Passive sun protection and night-time cooling

Use natural ventilation

Lighting Use energy-saving light bulbs Operators and owners of Install energy-saving ﬂoodlighting systems sports facilities

Use detector alarms and brightness sensors to control lighting Central building Control isolated heat and electricity consumption centrally Operators and control systems owners of sports facilities

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures Green Champions Phase 2 49

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

5. Water/Wastewater

Substitution of Use well- or rainwater for toilets, urinals and the watering of Operators and potable water green areas. owners of Construct rainwater cisterns sports facilities

Water-saving Water-ﬂow regulators on taps, self-closing taps Operators and sanitary facilities owners of und devices Dry urinals or reduced toilet ﬂushing sports facilities

Purchase of appliances/ﬁttings that save water

Inﬁltration and Construction of trenches for the inﬁltration of rainwater Owners of desealing sports facili- Use water-permeable materials for the surfacing of paths ties and spaces

6. Nature/Landscape

Compensation Preparation and implementation of a compensation concept Organizers, concept in line with nature conservation law (avoidance, minimiza- sports-facility tion and compensation strategy) operators/ owners, authorities Ecological project Monitoring of the construction phase by an ecologist Operators and planning owners of sports facilities/experts Land use Minimize the sealing of land Organizers, operators and Reduce sealing and land use by means of temporary owners of buildings sports facilities

7. Noise

Active noise Position public address systems in such a way that noise Operators and abatement exposure is minimized owners of sports facilities Passive noise Protect local residents by means of structures such as noise Operators and protection protection barriers owners of Compliance with legal requirements (e. g. TA Lärm, Technical sports facilities Instructions on Noise)

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures 50 Guide Green Champions

Preliminaries: Planning large events Phase 3 Green Champions Phase 3 51

Preliminaries Nia Künzer Phase 3 Scorer of the golden goal in the ﬁ nal of the 2003 Women‘s World Cup and twice winner of the European Women‘s Football Championship with the German team “ It‘s an incredible feeling to be world champion. Not only the team celebrates, but also the whole country. I think that Germany should also try to take the lead in environmental protection. That is good for the country‘s image. And if others follow our example, that is even better.“

Good planning requires answers to The objective of this phase is the real- the right questions. This also applies ization of the environmental concept to environmentally compatible sport- and, from a technical point of view, ing events. the choice of appropriate technologies and equipment. The departure | How can one achieve the envi- point for the selection of measures is ronmental objectives set out in an sound data; for instance, as precise an outline concept or in the application estimation as possible of water and for a sporting event? energy consumption for the forth- | Which measures are absolutely coming event. On this basis it is pos- essential, and which additional sible, on the one hand, to deﬁ ne the measures might be possible? greatest savings potentials, and, on | Which capital expenditure promises the other hand, to carry out a precise a short amortization period and at results check after the event, namely, the same time great effectiveness? which objectives were achieved, and which were not achieved? | Who is responsible for the realiza- The organizational embedment of the tion of technical and organizational environmental concept is just as im- measures? portant as the technology. Who bears | Where can potential partners be responsibility, and where is he or she found who might support the envi- to be found? The respective persons ronmental concept? must be selected, appointed and motivated at an early point in time. The more varied the circle of participants the greater the prospects of success. Early involvement of environmental organizations and civic action groups, for instance, can improve both the acceptance and the quality of the environmental concept. Sponsors and investors who support and promote individual measures or the overall concept are also important for the success of the project. They must be involved in planning at an early stage with their speciﬁ c contributions towards realization of the concept. 52 Green Champions Phase 3

Focus on climate protection A large sporting event can The example of football have a neutral effect on The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the first the climate by means of football World Cup with a comprehensive climate protection project. the following: During the tournament, transport 1. emissions were cut, energy require- Reductions in emissions of green- ments reduced and renewable energy house gases through: sources used. Nevertheless, 92,000 tonnes of unavoidable greenhouse gas | the use of environment-friendly emissions arose in Germany during means of transport the World Cup. In order to compen- | energy savings sate these emissions the German Football Association, FIFA and indus- Climate on the victory | an increase in energy efficiency rostrum trial partners provided 1.2 million eu- | the use of renewable energy ros of finance for climate protection As a result of the great public inter- sources. projects in India and South Africa, est that they arouse, large sporting which satisfied the Gold Standard. In events can provide an important 2. the coming ten years these projects example. This also applies to cli- Compensation of unavoidable green- will prevent and thus compensate mate protection. Travel to and from house gas emissions: emissions totalling 100,000 tonnes of sports venues often gives rise to the To begin with, a balance is drawn up carbon dioxide. In India, around 900 greatest greenhouse gas emissions. to ascertain the quantity of green- families in a region laid waste by the On the other hand, sports facilities house gases that have to be compen- tsunami in 2004 are provided with themselves contribute considerably to sated. The balance framework lays simple biogas generating units for emissions. down the emission-related activi- cooking purposes. In South Africa, the Even when promoters and organizers ties – such as construction, energy, coal furnace at a citrus fruit farm was have exhausted all possible means to transport and the overnight stays replaced by a new boiler that runs on minimize emissions, a deficit remains of visitors – that are to be covered. sawdust. in the climate balance, for the air Finally, expenditure on climate pro- travel of international teams and tection projects then occurs, which visitors can be neither restricted not compensate the emissions of the avoided. The solution to this problem sporting event in a verifiable manner. is the compensation of unavoidable The choice of compensation projects greenhouse gas emissions through requires care. They should fulfil the climate protection projects. Experts demands of the so-called “Gold speak of “climate neutrality“. Below Standard“ (developed by the WWF the line, sporting events cause green- and other environmental organiza- house gas emissions where they are tions and interest groups), a seal of held; but they are neutralized through quality that sets high environmen- activities that avoid an equivalent tal and social standards. The Gold amount of greenhouse gases else- Standard requires, for example, that where in the world. projects specifically promote renewable energy sources and efficient technologies, and that they involve local interest groups in their planning and realization. Climate neutrality is not a banal matter. It requires a lot of planning and research, a great deal of know-how and many years of commitment. That is why there are now a number of consultants that provide specialized services for such projects. They under- take the search for and selection of projects, the calculation of emissions, implementation of specific measures and project monitoring throughout its duration. Green Champions Phase 3 53

Measures Sabrina Mockenhaupt Phase 3 2005 European Cup gold medallist over 10,000 metres, German champion from 2003 to 2005 over 10,000 metres, runner-up at the 2005 European Cross Country Championships “Training and staying power are the most important things in running. And one must never lose sight of the long-term goal. I think it‘s the same with environmental protection. Thinking not only about the here and now, but also about the future and coming generations! They also want to enjoy a healthy environment.“

There is a wide range of possible measures to protect the environment. Just which of these measures is applicable, depends on the type of event: Is it an indoor or outdoor event? How many visitors are expected? How many participants? Will existing sports facilities be used, or will the event take place in the countryside? The importance of individual ﬁelds of action depends on the type of sport. The topic of transport is always important, since spectator travel to and from sports venues gives rise to the greatest emissions. The topic of waste plays a large role in practically every type of sport.

The most important ﬁelds of action for selected large sporting events

Event Waste Water Transport Energy Noise Nature Catering Merchan- Landscape dising Marathon / Triathlon / Runs ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Cycling ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 ■ ■ Motor sport ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 2 ■ ■ Skiing: nordic / alpine ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Riding ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Football ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Sailing / Surﬁng / Rowing ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Golf ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Beach Volleyball ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Athletics ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Boxing ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Tennis ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■ Particularly important 1 Only Mountain bike and cross-country events – other events: important 2 Motor rally and Motocross – other events: examine ■ Important ■ To be examined 54 Green Champions Phase 3

Measures Phase 3 Good Practice Climate protection with CombiTickets

The Bremen Six Day Race offers it, the ISTAF in Berlin too, as well as the CHIO in Aachen and ice hockey and handball Bundesliga operations: the “CombiTicket“. A particularly attractive CombiTicket was offered for the 2006 Football World Cup: the admis- Transport sion ticket entitled holders not only to Strengthen integrated environment- free travel to and from the respective friendly public transport | stadium – as is common for football In the case of large events with huge Bundesliga games – but also to free numbers of spectators it is worth- travel on all buses and trains of the while from an ecological point of view respective transport network from to extend and increase the frequency the commencement of services in the of local public transport services. early morning of match days until the The general objective for all events early morning of the following day. The must be to convey as many visitors CombiTicket made a major contribu- as possible to the event with exist- tion to the fact that during the 2006 ing infrastructure. It is a good idea to World Cup 57 % of visitors travelled use special trains and shuttle buses to stadiums with public transport to connect city centres and hotels to services. Before preparations for the the event venue. Experience shows World Cup began, the average share that attractively-priced special tickets of public transport of all World Cup encourage many visitors to switch stadiums in football Bundesliga opera- from travel by private car to public tions was 40 %. transport. The so-called CombiTicket, which covered both admission and journeys to and from the event by underground or city-rail, has proven successful. Special offers can be made for journeys by rail to large events. In many cases the sports venue can be easily reached on foot or by bicycle from city centres. In a number of cities, World Cup routes (“fan miles“) from city centres to stadiums were Direct individual motorized traffic | should be made available as close as designated and upgraded for the An intelligent parking management possible to the sports facility. To re- 2006 FIFA World Cup. Many fans system makes a major contribution duce inconvenience to local residents, made use of these routes to walk to to a large environment-friendly large residential areas in the vicinity of the a stadium. Provided that a sufficient sporting event. The better public sports facility could be cordoned off number of secured bicycle-parking transport connections the lesser the for private traffic. This was carried spaces are made available, visitors need for car parks in the direct vicin- out during the 2006 Football World from surrounding areas will willingly ity of the event. Park & Ride parking Cup in Berlin, Leipzig and Kaiserslau- get on their bikes. Appropriate mobile facilities – possibly just for the event tern. At the 2000 Olympic Games in bicycle-parking systems have already – encourage visitors to switch to Sydney, too, the residential area in the proven their worth at large sporting public transport on the outskirts of vicinity of the Olympic complex was events. a city. A positive effect is that cities cordoned off for traffic. are relieved of problems of noise and exhaust-gas. Traffic-control systems direct motorists to available car parks. Sufficient parking spaces for coaches Green Champions Phase 3 55

Christian Schwarzer Member of the 2007 World Champion and 2004 European Champion German handball teams “Handball games attract an increasing number of spectators, and I‘m very pleased about that. People want to travel to games comfortably and safely. Transport concepts are therefore required that bring fans to games quickly and by environmentally favourable means.“

Good Practice Success with additional trains

12,000 additional train-kilometres were provided for the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005 in Oberstdorf, which was equivalent to a 51 % expansion in capacity. In all, 180,000 people travelled to Oberstdorf by train, which cor- responded to 50 % of daily visitors and 18 % of overnight visitors. For a sporting venue in a rural area this was a great success! The share of spectators that travelled to the event by car was around 26 per cent lower than it would have been without the environmental concept. This way, greenhouse gas emissions through travel to and from the event were reduced by 10 per cent.

Reduction in the share of car travel by spectators to and from the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005 with and without the environmental concept

Other means of Other means of transport transport 26 % 52 %

Car 74 % Car 48 %

Without With environmental concept environmental concept

Provide reliable information | Operate environment-friendly use of light free-ﬂowing oil no- Only those who know how they can vehicle ﬂeets | ticeably reduces fuel consumption. get to an event or the host city by Event organizers often convey VIPs, Special training for drivers offers public transport will use buses and representatives of sports associations great potential for fuel savings of trains. For this reason, travel infor- and sponsors in special vehicles. For between 10 and 25 %. Since vehicles mation – for example, in the form the FIS Nordic World Ski Champion- are generally provided by sponsors, of a pamphlet – should be provided ships 2005 in Oberstdorf, for instance, corresponding arrangements should at the time when admission tickets 55 minibuses, 40 cars and 35 shuttle be included in contracts. Driver-only are sold or dispatched. These should buses were used, and at the 2006 journeys should be avoided. The use of inform visitors about offers such as Football World Cup 912 minibuses minibuses instead of cars can reduce “CombiTickets“ or special rail tickets and cars were in operation. This the number of necessary journeys. and detail routes to the respective service offers varied opportunities to sports facilities. In addition: Use the do something for the environment, for Internet! Many visitors seek travel example through the use of low-fuel information and tips at short notice vehicles with high exhaust standards on the Internet. or alternative engines and the use of hybrid and gas-run vehicles. The 56 Green Champions Phase 3

Measures Phase 3 supply network, which is estimated to cover the event‘s requirements. Such substitution schemes are suitable for both indoor and outdoor events. An event can also encourage a sports facility to switch to green electricity on a permanent basis.

Generators | As many plant and appliances as possible should be connected to the power supply network, and as few as possible by means of generators. Energy Where generators cannot be dis- Save electricity | pensed with, it should be examined In principle, only electrical appliances whether they can be run on biodie- (cooling and air-conditioning plants, sel. Their operating time should be dishwashers) of the highest efﬁciency restricted to a necessary minimum. grade should be used. In the case of refrigerators, for example, the best appliances on the market consume 25 % less electricity than the average. Dishwashers should be connected to Good Practice hot-water heating systems when the hot water is produced from recovered Green power for Ballack & team heat or gas. With large appliances keep an eye on energy and water The 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany was the ﬁrst Football World Championship consumption! Conveyor dishwashers with green electricity. Since direct supply of football stadiums was not possible should be equipped if possible with – operators had long-term contracts with their respective suppliers – a “substi- heat recovery. Modern commercial tution solution“ was evolved. The energy sponsor fed 13 million kWh of electric- models with a tank use only 2 to ity into the German supply network before the World Cup began. This electricity 4 litres for each washing cycle. Appli- was wholly generated in a Swiss hydropower plant, part of which is recognized ances in kitchens should basically be as a new plant in accordance with “OK Power“ criteria. The increased cost was run on gas instead of electricity. Gas borne by the energy sponsor. cookers, for example, use only 50 % as much energy as electric cookers.

Minimize stand-by losses | Prevent stand-by losses – for example, through switchable plug connectors. Completely switching off all unneeded energy sources at the end of an event also contributes to energy-savings and thus climate protection.

Green electricity | The electricity requirements of large sporting events can be completely covered with electricity from renewable sources such as solar energy or hydropower. Sporting events can be supplied directly with green electricity, whereby it should be ensured that only certiﬁcated green electricity is purchased. Where contracts already exist for the supply of conventional electricity, substitution solutions are available, by means of which a quantity of green electricity is fed into the Green Champions Phase 3 57

Waste the orderly return of beakers is not approach roads and paths to the possible. When disposable products direct vicinity of the sports facility Multiple-use systems | are used they must be separately col- and the event area itself. With waste Returnable beakers for drinks have lected to enable high-grade recycling. separation a distinction has generally become established in the world of to be made between areas accessible sport. They are used at football Bun- Separate wastes | to spectators and the backstage area, desliga games, at the Nürburgring and Wastes should always be collected where special wastes occur – such as at the Kieler Woche. Beakers for hot separately according to fraction – pa- paper in the organizational area and drinks as well as plates and cutlery per, light packaging (“green point“), biowaste in kitchens – and separation are also in use as multi-use products. glass and residual waste. Consistent is obligatory. Frying fat, vegetable Dispensing with disposable crockery waste separation is a pre-condi- oils and the content of fat separators reduces purchasing costs as well as tion for later recycling of materials. have to be recovered separated from the cost of street cleaning, collec- “Waste points“ are suitable for this other wastes. The same goes for prob- tion, removal and disposal. Multi-use purpose: a joint collection point lematic materials such as engine oil, crockery is basically suitable for just comprising individual containers for batteries, paint residues and medici- about all large sporting events. Mara- each waste fraction. This principle nal products thon races are an exception, where should be consistently applied – from

Good Practice Waste points ensure clean Nordic World Ski Championships

At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005 in Oberstdorf there were 20 waste points in and around the stadiums. Local schoolchildren took care that wastes were collected, separated and prepared for recycling or disposal. More than half of the visitors said that they had noticed waste points, and nearly all those questioned regarded the disposal system as a good idea. Above all, ap- pearances conﬁrmed the success of waste points: the World Championships in Oberstdorf were the cleanest yet. 58 Green Champions Phase 3

Measures Phase 3 Avoid waste backstage | Suppliers and caterers should make use of multi-use packaging and receptacles. Meat and sausages, for example, can be delivered in returnable trays, bread in returnable baskets. Where multi-use systems cannot be employed, suppliers should be obliged to take back packaging! Through the supply of drinks in large containers (for example, mixed taps for soft Waste drinks and draught instead of bottled beer), waste can also be avoided. In Avoid waste in spectator areas | principle, returnable bottles should be “Put it in a roll“ (steak or sausages provided instead of disposable bottles. not on plates but in a bread roll) and the serving of food (for example, chips) in paper bags saves a lot of waste. Where possible, goods should be purchased without packaging or in large batches. Do without small pack- ages as far as possible; for instance, provide large mustard dispensers instead of small sachets and coffee cream in small cans instead of indi- Good Practice vidually packaged portions. Replace disposable paper towels in sanitary Waste avoidance at the Nürburgring facilities preferably with multi-use rolled cotton towels. It can generally The Nürburgring succeeded in reducing annual quantities of waste by 40 % be said that when waste avoidance is from 2000 to 2003. Returnable beakers for drinks, waste charges levied on those consistently applied later separation responsible for waste and organizational measures all contributed to this suc- of residual waste from spectator areas cess. Campers receive an “environment token“ – on payment of a deposit – as may be unnecessary. well as differently coloured rubbish bags on entering the site, and are refunded the deposit when the bags are returned together with the token. In addition, car Avoid waste with communications | parks and camping areas are separated. The result is that considerably less sofas, In pressrooms nowadays paper has refrigerators and other waste are left behind at camping sites. been largely replaced with electronic “media channels“. Information should Trend in waste quantities of the Nürburgring GmbH only be provided on paper when (Source: Environment Report 2004) requested at information desks. The same applies to invitations, registra- tions, travel guides and spectator in- 1,600 1.6 formation. But here, too, the Internet t/year 1,400 1.4 and E-mails can replace paper. Where printed materials are necessary, use 1,200 1.2 recycled paper. 1,000 1.0 spectator day t/ 800 0.8 600 0.6 400 0.4 200 0.2 0 0 1998 1999 2000 20020011 20022002 2003 WastesWastes per year: Wastes per day: for disposal for disposal for recycling for recycling Green Champions Phase 3 59

Water Use environmentally sound detergents | Whenever possible, use environmentally sound detergents and dispense with products such as disinfectants, which contaminate wastewater. Use cleaning agents for dishwashers that are free of phosphate and compounds containing chlorine.

Isolate problematical substances | Ensure that problematical substances do not enter wastewater, surface water or the ground during the cleaning of sports equipments. Contaminants are a problem, for example, in motor sport events. Engine oils, fuel and brake ﬂuid can be separately collected. Impermeable covers and mats prevent seepage. Where possible, set up special washing areas.

Collect wastewater | As a general rule, with outdoor events it should be examined whether Good Practice temporary facilities can be connected to the public sewage system. Tanks Sewers instead of chemicals might have to be provided from which wastewater can be pumped into There is a great need for public toilets at large sporting events. Suitable instal- sewers or taken away by lorry. The lations have therefore to be designed and constructed in good time. Most of undesirable use of the countryside as the mobile toilet containers at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in toilets can be countered by restricted Helsinki 2005 were connected to the city‘s public sewage system, with the result access and an adequate supply of that the use of chemicals in toilets was unnecessary. mobile toilets. 60 Green Champions Phase 3

Measures Phase 3 Avoid disturbance to animals | Breeding seasons of animals in the wild must be observed. In certain sensitive areas large events in the spring and early summer have therefore to be avoided. Visitors should be informed that loud equipment should not be used outside of built-up areas. Accompanying vehicles should be dispensed with.

Nature and landscape Control visitors through convenience | Good Practice With a number of simple but effective measures it can be ensured that Pedalling lightly for the wood grouse visitors stay on the right track. Such measures include clear signposting of The Black Forest ULTRA Bike Marathon, which the Kirchzarten Sports Club has catering and toilet facilities, the pro- organized for the past ten years, runs for a total of 150 kilometres through the vision of route maps showing impor- Upper Black Forest and thus through many sensitive areas, including the habitat tant pathways and facilities as well as of the wood grouse. There are only around 600 of these shy protected birds in a closely-linked path network, so that the upper regions of the Black Forest, and the event regularly coincides with visitors do not walk across country. the end of their breeding season. However, the around 5.000 bikers and 30,000 Steps and stands – for example, along spectators no longer get under the feet of the wood grouse. The marathon racing circuits – are convenient for course was changed in certain critical areas for the wood grouse without losing spectators and also reduce damage to its attraction. embankments and environs. Course plan of the Ultra Bike Marathon taking account of wood grouse breeding Carefully plan routes | grounds (Source: DSHS, Cologne) Wherever possible, use existing routes or paved paths! Routing has to be carefully planned. If the route touches on a prioritized nature conservation area, examination of compatibility – also with the ﬂora, fauna and habitat (FFH) – might be necessary. It is useful to design courses in such a way that use is possible subsequent to the event. In general, no courses should be planned in areas that have previously not been affected or only marginally affected. Restoration and renaturalization can also make a contribution to nature conservation. Green Champions Phase 3 61

Regional products | Fair-trade products | When purchasing food products, re- The use of fair-traded food products gional products and direct purchasing such as coffee supports producers in from farmers can also be considered. developing countries. Fair and cost- This promotes the regional economy covering prices, however, also make and decreases emissions from trans- an important contribution towards portation. The deliberate selection of securing the existence and future of seasonal products also relieves the domestic farmers. Fair-traded food environment through reduced freight and drinks could therefore contribute paths. Furthermore, regional purchas- towards the sustainable development ing enhances transparency of origin of events. and production. Due to their better quality and environment-friendly pro- Noise duction regional and organic products Reduce noise exposure | might be more expensive than mass- Wherever possible, the event should produced goods, but partnerships with be planned at such a time that it producers can cushion these addi- causes only a minimum amount of tional costs. noise nuisance for residents in the morning, the evening and at night. Public address systems should be positioned, directed and adjusted in such a way that local residents and Good Practice – with outdoor events – animals are least affected. Take noise emissions The organic marathon into consideration when purchasing loud equipment, such as snowmak- At the Frankfurt City Marathon in 2005 a great effort was made to promote ing plant. New equipment is mostly organic food. Ten companies from the health foods sector provided the com- quieter than older models. The use of plete catering for runners along the course and at the ﬁnishing line. In order to electric engines instead of petrol and help spectators to appreciate the campaign, 130 “organic runners“ participated diesel engines can also reduce noise in the race. In addition, an “Organic Mile“ was created for the marathon with emissions. entertainment, information, catering and a relaxation zone. Because of its great success it is planned to make the “Organic Race“ a regular feature of the Frank- Catering furt City Marathon. Organic products | Organic food products are a rarity at large sporting events. Offering or- ganically produced food products and drinks is one way to make sporting events more environmentally beneﬁ- cial. Ecological agriculture reduces the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers and protects, above all, soil and groundwater. Ecolabels, which draw the attention of visitors to the use of organic products, can be used to boost an event‘s image and enhance its communications. 62 Green Champions Phase 3

Measures Phase 3

Merchandising Carefully select suppliers | Manufacturers and suppliers of merchandising products of all kinds should be carefully selected. Where possible, companies should be chosen that dispose of a certiﬁcated environmental management system (EMAS or Good Practice ISO 14001). This ensures that production and product design are continu- Goals with ally optimized according to ecological criteria. Compliance with interna- fair balls tional social standards (for instance, Most footballs are made in Pakistan. A sewer needs almost 700 stitches and the banning of child labour) is also an around two hours of work to sew together the 32 sections of a football. Foot- important aspect of the selection of balls from fair trade were rated highly in World Cup year 2006. Film, music and suppliers. football celebrities were actively involved, schools and clubs also played a role and the balls could even be bought at discounters. In order to prevent child Watch out for ecolabels | labour and to improve working conditions in factories, organizations and sup- There are a number of environmen- pliers signed contractual agreements, which included the commitment to work tal labels for products, whose prime together with a manufacturer who paid a minimum wage as well as a bonus to purpose is to provide consumers with be used by sewing centres for health care, schooling and further training. information. These labels may be used when speciﬁc ecological criteria are met concerning their properties and manufacture. Environmental labels, such as the “Blue Angel“ label in Germany, basically provide sound guidance for recognition of environmentally-sound and low-pollutant products.

Do without throwaway articles | Do without cheap throwaways! Environment-friendly merchandising products are more durable, they save energy and can be recycled; their production makes economic use of resources, they can be made from recycled material and regenerative materials, and their manufacture has a harmful effect neither on human health nor the environment. Green Champions Phase 3 63

Communications Inform visitors | The waste and mobility concept should be explained to visitors through speciﬁcally targeted public relations and through talking to visitors (for example, when handing over Good Practice tickets before the event, or at ticket stands during the event). “PrimaKLIMA“: Inform staff | Do-it-yourself climate protection Environmental protection is always teamwork. Without well-informed Small steps also have a great effect. And with climate protection everyone and motivated staff many measures can get involved and make a personal contribution to the solution of a global cannot be implemented, or at least problem. This was the motto of the “PrimaKLIMA“ campaign of the Ministry of not successfully implemented. Well- the Environment in the State of Rheinland-Pfalz. Between June 2005 and June functioning waste separation in the 2006 – up to the end of the Football World Cup – schools, associations, clubs, backstage area, for instance, requires municipalities and households were called upon to form teams and evolve sim- that everyone be informed about ple, smart ideas to save energy. Simple action would already make a big differ- the waste concept before the event. ence: replacing light bulbs with energy-saving bulbs, switching off the stand-by This includes organizers, athletes, function on electrical appliances, reducing room temperature and fuel-saving volunteers and cleaners. The same car driving. The teams passed on their ideas and encouraged friends, relatives, applies to catering personnel; a great neighbours and colleagues to take part. The more energy – and thus CO2 – that proportion of waste arises in their was saved the more points the team accumulated. The main prize awarded by area. Water- and energy-savings also the Environment Ministry was a several-day stay for the winning team at the require that staff be adequately in- “Biosphere House“ in Fischbach/Pfalz, in the Allgäu region of Bavaria or in the formed. Modern technology may well Upper Black Forest. For football fans there was a special prize: a football game frequently function automatically, refereed by Dr. Markus Merk, the World Cup referee, and a training session with but a lot depends on whether people the manager of Koblenz Sports Club and former national player Stefan Kuntz. All behave properly and are environmen- in all, the campaign resulted in savings of 1,930 tonnes of CO2. The Environment tally aware. Ministry summed up the implications at the end of the campaign: “The great interest and large numbers of participants clearly demonstrated the need for Inform the public | information and suggestions on the saving of energy in private households and Do good things and talk about them! everyday life.” In line with this principle, information should be provided to the public at an early stage. The means of doing so are varied: press releases, press conferences and an Internet presence. Open communication of the objectives, motivation, measures and participants contribute to an event‘s positive image. Moreover, broadly based campaigns can sensitize the public for environmental matters. In many types of sport, clubs and schools can also be actively involved, which are often open and sensitive to environmental issues. Best of all is the support of personalities and celebrities in the role of environment ambassadors; this guarantees a great deal of attention for a particular issue. 64 Green Champions Phase 3

Check List – Phase 3

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

1. General Matters

Put the environ- Develop a detailed environmental concept Organizers in mental concept co-operation into concrete Quantify the prospective environmental effects of the event with all rel- terms evant parties Gain partners for co-operation

Guarantee compliance with all statutory requirements (see also Phase 1) Examine the introduction of a formal environmental management system (for example. EMAS, ISO 14001) Set up a team Assignment of responsibility for environmental matters to a Organizers speciﬁc staff member Setting up an environment team, involvement of relevant parties (sports-facility operators, sponsors, municipalities) Co-operation with environmental and nature conservation organizations and experts

2. Climate protection

Reduce green- Reduce greenhouse gases through an increase in energy Organizers, house gases efﬁciency, the use of renewable energy sources and environ- sponsors ment-friendly transportation (see points 3 and 4) Compensation Compensate unavoidable greenhouse gas emissions through Organizers, of unavoidable expenditure on climate protection projects sponsors emissions

3. Transport

Strengthen inte- Expand and increase the frequency of local public transport Organizers, grated environ- services before and after the event transport ment-friendly Use of special trains services, public transport municipalities services Combine admission tickets with free use of local public transport (CombiTicket) Attractive special offers for rail travel

Provide attractive cycleways and footpaths to sports facilities

Control individual Adjust the number of car parks to local public transport Organizers, motorized traffic capacities operators of Create park + ride facilities with traffic-control systems sports facilities, municipalities Provide parking areas for coaches in the immediate vicinity of the event Where applicable, cordon off residential areas in the vicinity of the event for private traffic

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures Green Champions Phase 3 65

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

3. Transport (cont.)

Provide reliable Provide special travel information on public transport Organizers, information services transport services Environ.-sound Operate environment-friendly vehicles with low fuel con- organizers, vehicle ﬂeets sumption in vehicle ﬂeets sponsors

4. Energy

Save electricity Use electrical appliances offering the best energy efﬁciency Operators of sports facili- Directly connect dishwashers to hot-water systems ties, caterers

Operate gas rather than electricity-run kitchen equipment

Minimize stand- Use switchable plug connectors Operators of by losses sports facilities Switch off unneeded energy sources

Green electricity Cover the event‘s energy requirements with certiﬁcated Organizers, green electricity operators of In the long term: Convert sports facilities to green electricity sports facilities, sponsors

Generators Obtain electricity supply as far as possible from the supply Organizers network instead of from generators Check the use of biodiesel in generators

5. Waste

Multiple-use Use of returnable beakers requiring a deposit Organizers, systems caterers Use of returnable crockery

Avoid waste in Offer low-waste catering Organizers, spectator areas caterers, Purchase goods in large batches without packaging operators of sports facilities Dispense with pre-packed individual portions

Dispense with disposable paper towels

Avoid waste Obtain deliveries in returnable packaging Caterers, backstage organizers Supply drinks in large receptacles

Use returnable instead of disposable bottles

Oblige suppliers to take back packaging

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures 66 Green Champions Phase 3

Check List – Phase 3

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

5. Waste (cont.)

Avoid waste in Set up electronic media channels for journalists Organizers communications Use recycled paper

Separate wastes Provide waste points for waste separation in spectator areas Organizers, and in the vicinity of sports facilities caterers, waste Waste separation in the backstage area disposal companies Collect problematic substances

6. Water

Environment- Use environment-friendly detergents Operators and friendly deter- owners of gents Dispense with disinfectants sports facilities, caterers, (organizers) Use phosphate- and chlorine-free detergents

Harmful Separate collection of substances hazardous to water Organizers, substances Operators of Set up special washing areas for sports equipment sports facilities

Protect soil with impermeable covers and mats

Wastewater Examine possibilities to connect temporary facilities to public Organizers sewage systems Collect wastewater in tanks for disposal by specialized companies Dispense with chemical toilet facilities

7. Nature/Landscape

Direct visitors Direct visitor ﬂows by means of course maps, clear signpost- Organizers, ing of catering and toilet facilities, a close network of paths sports-facil- and dismantable stands ity operators, authorities Carefully plan Plan courses that are environmentally compatible (where Organizers, courses necessary, carry out an EIA and check FFH-compatibility) sports-facil- Use existing routes and paths ity operators, authorities, experts Consider the subsequent use and renaturalization of courses

Avoid disturbance Avoid events during breeding seasons Organizers to animals

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures Green Champions Phase 3 67

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

8. Noise

Reduce noise Plan events in such a way that local residents are inconven- Organizers exposure ienced as little as possible Make use of low-noise equipment

9. Catering

Organic products Offer organic food and drink Caterers, organizers Regional Consider regional products and those directly marketed by Caterers, products farmers organizers Products from Offer “fair-trade“ food products Caterers, Fair Trade organizers

10. Merchandising

Specially select Favour manufacturers and suppliers with environmental Organizers, suppliers management systems manufacturers, Check compliance with international social standards on the sponsors part of manufacturers Watch out for Provide merchandising products with ecolabels Organizers, ecolabels manufacturers, Keep an eye out for low-pollutant products sponsors

Do without Favour durable, high-quality merchandising products Organizers, throwaways manufacturers, Bear in mind the recyclability of goods sponsors

11. Communications

Informing visitors Provide visitors with information about waste and transport Organizers concepts before the event Informing staff Provide staff with detailed information on the environmental Organizers, concept facility opera- Prepare speciﬁc instructions for action tors, transport services

Informing the Provide the public with information on the environmental Organizers, public concept through special PR activities sports associa- Develop environmental campaigns for schools, clubs etc. tions, municipalities Gain the support of popular athletes as environment ambassadors

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures 68 Guide Green Champions

Let‘s go! Organizing an event Phase 4 Green Champions Phase 4 69

Let‘s go! Sabine Spitz Phase 4 Mountainbike World Champion 2003, bronze medallist at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, runner-up in the 2005 Cyclo-Cross World Championships “One should be able to enjoy mountain biking out in the open. That‘s why the precautionary planning of races is important, so that adverse effects on the environment and nature can be kept to an absolute minimum.“

Years of work and good planning enable documentation of achieve- cannot prevent problems and con- ments and monitoring of environmen- fl icts occurring during the event. In tal objectives. This includes, for exam- order to be able to react quickly and ple, actual consumption of electricity effectively, permanent controlling and water as well as the number of and monitoring is necessary. Respon- visitors who travel with local public sibilities for environmental matters transport. Only when such data is during the event must be laid down. available is a transparent report on Should the shuttle buses provided for achievements possible at the end of the event prove to be insuffi cient, for the event. instance, it must be immediately clear who will take care of additional buses. If waste containers are overfl owing at waste points because more waste is accumulating than expected, they have to be emptied immediately. Ideally, environmental matters should be the responsibility of one particular person in the coordination offi ce or “crisis squad“. Monitoring during the event is important not only for the solution of problems, but also for control of compliance with statutory regulations (for instance, concerning exposure to noise). The survey of environment-relevant data during the event is necessary to 70 Green Champions Phase 4

Let‘s go! Phase 4

Survey of environmentally relevant data at large sporting events (per sports facility)

Area Category Unit Comments

General Daily number of visitors No. per day Daily event duration Hours per day

Trafﬁc Parking capacity No. of spaces Daily utilization of parking spaces % per day Estimates or, in the case of large events, visitor surveys (random sam- Number of coaches No. per day ple) Users of integrated environment- % of total daily friendly means of transport (local visitors public transport, coaches, bicycles, journeys on foot) compared to total journeys to and from the sports facility Utilization of the organizer‘s vehicle Litres of petrol or Where possible, differentiating ﬂeet, also for the transport of VIPs diesel between the event itself and periods before and after the event

Energy Electricity consumption kWh Where possible, differentiated between the event itself and periods Consumption of diesel generators Litres of diesel before and after the event Purchase / production of heat kWh Gas consumption (excluding con- kWh or m3 sumption for heat – e. g. cooking)

Waste Residual refuse Tonnes Where possible, differentiated between different areas (e. g. specta- Plastics / packaging Tonnes tor areas, temporary facilities, media Paper / cardboard Tonnes facilities, catering, organization) as well as between the event itself and Waste glass Tonnes periods before and after the event Biowaste Tonnes Other wastes Tonnes

Water Total water consumption m3 Where possible, differentiated between the event itself and periods Consumption for watering grounds / m3 before and after the event sprinkler systems Share of rain-, surface and well water % in total consumption Green Champions Phase 4 71

Measures Phase 4 Waste Control waste-collection behaviour | Control waste separation in the back- To ensure cleanliness, operators of stage area | kiosks, camping sites and other places Waste separation in the backstage can be required to pay a deposit area of large events is essential. In before commencement of the event, order for this to be successful, regular which is then only returned when control is necessary during the event. the facility is handed back in a clean Should the occasion arise, non-com- condition. pliance should be penalized. For this purpose, contracts with caterers and Avoid waste | other service providers should contain Those who distribute only a moder- provisions concerning waste separa- Transport ate quantity of flyers, give-aways and tion. other promotional articles during an Direct traffic | event avoid a lot of waste. According How do visitors get to the stadium to the principle, “quality instead of by public transport? Apart from quantity“ small quantities of products the Internet, pamphlets and flyers, – but of a better quality – should be continuous traffic control is necessary distributed, sold or given away. Where especially for public transport. Spec- possible flyers should be completely tators are guided by means of regular dispensed with. Nature and landscape signposting from the main station or Monitoring control | city centre to the venue. Care has to Empty waste containers | Whether fauna and flora is protected be taken particularly with interna- Overflowing waste containers endan- through the control of visitor move- tional events to ensure that foreign ger separate collection concepts, since ments should be monitored during visitors understand the traffic-control rubbish is then automatically thrown the event. For this purpose a suitable system. into other containers. To avoid this, monitoring system should be in- waste containers should be emptied stalled. Shortcomings should be dealt Look after passengers | continuously during the event. with immediately. At railway stations with long-distance services and key local stations passenger attendants and volunteers can be employed to help visitors to get to the event and to answer questions about public transport services. In the case of international events, specially trained personnel with knowledge of foreign languages are useful. Mul- tilingual announcements at railway stations make it easier to catch the right train.

Control trafﬁc | In the case of large events, transport to and from the sports facility should be controlled. A co-ordination ofﬁce staffed with representatives of the police, transport companies, the municipality and organizers is particularly advisable for large events. If shuttle-bus or public transport capacity is inadequate for the quick and smooth conveyance of all spectators to the venue, additional capacity can then be ordered immediately. 72 Green Champions Phase 4

Measures Phase 4

Noise Alleviate noise exposure | Good Practice Particularly loud activities should not be undertaken in the early morning, Foiling noise polluters the evening or at night. Loud equipment and plant, in particular, can be Motor sport is loud? No way! The operators of the Nürburgring take noise enclosed or screened off from the and health problems seriously. Since 2001, course noise emissions have been environs. monitored with appropriate technology. Three measurement points document excessive noise levels and driving at impermissible periods of time around the Control noise exposure | clock. Technicians quickly track down noise polluters by means of online moni- In order to protect local residents toring, so that particularly loud vehicles can be immediately removed from the from excessive noise, statutory and course. Apart from that, noise costs money: Since 2001, the cost of renting the municipal requirements – permissible Nürburgring has depended on actual noise levels. “Quiet“ events are rewarded noise limits, for instance – have to be with lower course charges, loud events cost up to 15 % more. The result is that carefully complied with. This concerns loud races have noticeably declined since 2001. Since 2006, “tourist runs“ by competitions themselves, but often private individuals at the Ring are monitored by means of a special measuring also side events or visitor noise at procedure. This way, the operators intend to identify noise polluters among lei- camping sites. Noise exposure should sure drivers and further reduce noise exposure from the Nürburgring‘s “northern therefore be regularly monitored loop“. during the event and remedied where necessary. Trend in the legally approved maximum number of days in the respective category at the Nürburgring, 2001 to 2003. Sound emissions increase from C to A (Source: Nürburgring GmbH: Environmental Report 2004)

Test days 2001 2002 2003 Maximum quota1 A test days 1 0 0 24 B test days 12 4 4 28 C test days 41 40 27 116 Other 148 107 116 offen Total 202 151 147

Races 2001 2002 2003 Maximum quota1 A race days 12 4 5 15 B race days 36 20 21 36 C race days 30 32 37 45 Total 78 56 63 96

Not in operation 85 158 155

1Permissible number of days in the respective category Green Champions Phase 4 73

Communications Visitor information | The normal visitor is unaware of most environmental protection measures taken within the scope of a sporting event. There are nevertheless areas in which his or her co-operation is necessary. This applies to all questions of waste. Waste containers for separate collection must be adequately labelled with coloured symbols for individual waste fractions. The employment of volunteers to inform visitors on site about separate collection enhances the quality of separation and helps to avoid litter.

Accompanying media activities | Shortly before and during the event media representatives are particularly interested in all aspects of the event. This is an opportunity for environmental protection and nature conservation. Press releases can present measures that make the event environmentally and climati- cally compatible. In the case of events stretching over several days, a press conference specially devoted to environmental issues is recommended, since experience shows that this generally receives a considerable response in the media. 74 Green Champions Phase 4

Check List Phase 4

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

1. General Matters

Monitoring Control implementation of environmental measures during Organizers, the event operators of Set up monitoring systems sports facilities

Assign environmental responsibility to staff in the central coordination office Survey environ- Survey actual consumption of water and electricity, waste Organizers, mentally relevant quantities and traffic flows during the event facility opera- data tors, transport services

2. Transport

Direct traffic General (multilingual) traffic-control system for public trans- Organizers, port services to and from the event transport serv., municipalities Look after Passenger attendants and volunteers at railway stations with Transport passengers long-distance services services (Multilingual) announcements at railway stations and on local rail transport services Control traffic Set up central coordination office for traffic control (with Transport large events) services, Plan additional local transport services in case of unexpect- municipalities, edly high demand and emergencies (organizers)

3. Waste

Check waste-col- Regularly control cleanliness in all event areas Organizers, lection behaviour operators of Encourage proper waste-collection behaviour among service sports facilities providers through returnable deposits Avoid waste Reduce the quantity of promotional articles Organizers, facility opera- Make corresponding arrangements with sponsors and mu- torsmunicipali- nicipalities ties, sponsors Empty containers Regularly empty waste containers Organizers, sports-facility operators

Control waste Regularly control waste separation in the backstage area Organizers, separation in the sports-facility backstage area operators

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures Green Champions Phase 4 75

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

4. Nature/Landscape

Monitoring of Install a monitoring system for the control and possible Organizers measures modiﬁcation of measures

5. Noise

Reduce noise Avoid early-morning, evening and night-time noise exposure Organizers, exposure operators of Sensitize spectators for noise control sports facilities, spectators Optimum alignment and adjustment of loud-speakers

Enclose or screen off particularly loud equipment and plant

Control noise Observe legal requirements for the protection of residents Organizers, exposure against noise operators of Regularly check noise speciﬁcations sports facilities, spectators Enclose or screen off particularly loud equipment and plant

6. Communications

Visitor informa- Provide speciﬁc information at the event venue (for example, Organizers, tion concerning deposits on beakers, symbols for waste containers operators of for separate collection) sports facilities Employ volunteers on site to answers questions on particular measures (for example, separate waste collection) Media activities Inform the media about environmental measures shortly Organizers, before and during the event operators of sports facilities, sports associations, municipalities

Please make a copy of the Statutory requirements Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures 76 Guide Green Champions

A sigh of relief: After the event Phase 5 Green Champions Phase 5 77

A sigh of relief Timo Boll Phase 5 Table tennis European Champion in singles and doubles in 2002 and 2007, European Champion with the German team in 2007, runner- up in doubles at the 2005 World Championships, third-placed with the German team at the 2006 World Table Tennis Championships “Sports facilities should only be newly constructed when their use will be optimized and their operation therefore economical. This is the case with the new TableTennis Centre in Düsseldorf, which is used both for training and competitive events, but is also a residential school and provides facilities for courses and conferences.“

After the game is before the game! the sports facility is in operation. This This wise old saying from the world principle is not always observed: Part of football applies also to environ- of the buildings erected for the 2004 ment-friendly large sporting events. Summer Olympic Games in Athens For environmental protection is not have stood empty since the Games something static, but rather lives off and are now to be partly demolished. further development, optimization Many sports fans collect souvenirs. So and adaptation. why not involve visitors in “subse- Large international sporting tourna- quent use“? After the 2006 Football ments are often one-off events. For a World Cup, for example, in several short period of time capacity has to of the host cities a huge number be made available for a great number of articles of value were success- of spectators. The general objective fully auctioned off: desks, lamps and after the event is therefore to recover, table-football games, ﬂ ags, decora- recycle or reuse as much material as tive material and plants. Dortmund possible. For this reason, subsequent had the green banner that stretched use must be taken into account at the the length of the “Fan Mile“ from the time of building or modernizing sports main station to the stadium made facilities. Construction costs are paid into 100 high-quality bags and donat- off all the quicker the more frequently ed sales proceeds to a good cause.

Good Practice New life for TV presenter studios

Temporary facilities can be reused. This is conﬁ rmed by the example of the TV presenter studios in the 2006 World Cup stadiums. The substructure of the 48 studios was built as a frame, and the studios themselves were erected as a superstructure in a modular system. Individual elements were suitable for reuse, which would not have been possible with conventional studios. For example, walls and roofs comprised sandwich elements from container construction, which could be reused after the World Cup. 78 Green Champions Phase 5

Measures Phase 5 Waste Communications Reuse | Learn from experience | There are many possibilities, par- Environmental protection has to be ticularly in the case of temporary learned. Some environmental objec- structures, for the reuse of structural tives are easy to achieve, others more elements and products and thus the difficult. Honest analysis and assess- reduction of waste. This applies to ment of environmental activities after floor coverings, wall elements, cables, the event indicate the strengths and pipes, fences, cordons etc. Decorative weaknesses of the concept. Analysis materials and signs are also often re- is also the basis for proposals for usable. Non-reusable materials should improvement, which can flow into be recovered rather than disposed of. instructions for action and guidance Subsequent use for the event in the following year Sell or give away what is no longer or for organizers of other events. Sports facilities | needed | The important thing is that as many The basic prerequisite for the building Rostrums, reporting stands and tent organizers of large sporting events as of new sports facilities is an ecologi- fixtures can be sold or given to other possible profit from experiences made. cally and economically sound concept event organizers or sports facilities. Experiences with implementation of for subsequent use. It should there- In superior catering in VIP areas food the environmental concept are also of fore be foreseen at the commence- requirements are difficult to calcu- interest to the sports associations be- ment of planning how sports facili- late. It can therefore happen that hind events. They can learn from such ties will be used after the event. The large quantities of top-quality food experiences and make corresponding location of the sports facility is very products are left over. This should also recommendations in the awarding of important for future use. The capac- be handed over to charitable organi- future events. The review and assess- ity of sports facilities can be better zations. This way, people in need are ment of environmental objectives is utilized if they are built and used by helped and waste reduced. also a matter for sports associations, several municipalities. for only extensive monitoring creates a basis for the further development Temporary structures | of environmental concepts in sport. The erection and dismantling of Finally, a national federation can also temporary structures frequently gives Nature and landscape take the initiative in the international rise to more waste than the total umbrella organization to ensure that spectator area. Buildings and struc- Remedial measures | greater account of environmental tural elements should therefore be After the event, damage to the protection is taken with future events. re-used and not disposed of as waste. ground and vegetation should be One simple yet efficient way is to rent expertly remedied. In addition, the Document success | materials! Tents, kitchen installations, success of implemented compensation Those who have organized an en- electronic equipment, furniture and and replacement measures should be vironment-friendly sporting event even cables can be rented. controlled. should make it known through the media, but also in an environmental report that details achievements and provides an incentive for emulators. Green Champions Phase 5 79

Check List Phase 5

Action Measures ✑ !! Responsibility

1. Subsequent use

Sports facilities Realize a concept for subsequent use Sports-facility operators/owners, municipalities Temporary Reuse temporary facilities and structural elements Organizers, facilities sports-facil- Rent materials, structures, ﬁttings and electronic equipment ity operators, sponsors, caterers

2. Waste

Reuse Reuse structural elements of temporary facilities, ﬁttings and Organizers, decorative materials operators of Recover non-reusable materials sports facilities

Sell or give away Sell or give away articles and structural elements that can no Organizers, what is no longer longer be used operators of needed Give away leftover food to charitable organizations sports facilities, caterers

3. Nature/Landscape

Remedial Expert remediation of damage to ground and vegetation Organizers, measures Implementation and control of compensation and replace- operators of ment measures sports facilities

4. Communikations

Learn from Check self-initiated environmental guidelines and objectives Organizers, experience (sports Analyse strengths and weaknesses of the environmental associations) concept Draw up proposals for improvements

Document Document experiences and successes in an environmental Organizers, success report (sports Draw the attention of the media to the report associations)

Please make a copy of the Particularly effective Check List and tick off action taken measures 80 Guide Green Champions

Green Champions Annex Guide Green Champions 81

Selected bibliography Guide for Environmental concepts/ environmental protection Environmental reports of in sports clubs large sporting events | Deutscher Sportbund: Umwelts- | Organizing Committee for the 2006 chutz im Sportverein: Wissen für FIFA World Cup; Federal Ministry for die Praxis. Band 3 der Werkhefte zur the Environment, Nature Conserva- Kampagne “Sport tut Deutschland tion and Nuclear Safety: Green Goal gut“. Frankfurt/M.: 2004 – Legacy Report. Frankfurt/M.: 2006 | Organising Committee for the Torino 2006 Olympic Games and Environmental manage- IX Paralympic Winter Games Selected environmental (TOROC): Sustainability Report_ guidelines of sports ment systems in sport 2006. Torino: 2006. associations | Organising Committee for the Torino | FIS Nordische Ski WM 2005 Ober- 2006 Olympic Games and IX Paral- stdorf Allgäu e. V. (Hrsg.): Umwelt- | International Olympic Committee ympic Winter Games (TOROC): Guid- Leitbild der FIS Nordische Ski-WM (IOC): Agenda 21 of the Olympic ance document on implementation 2005 Oberstdorf. Oberstdorf: 2003 Movement – Sport for sustainable of EMAS in sporting events. Torino: | FIS Nordische Ski WM 2005 Oberst- development. Date unknown February 2004. dorf Allgäu e. V. (Publisher): Schluss- | International Ski Federation (FIS): | Institut für Natursport und Ökologie bericht. Oberstdorf: Date unknown Environmental guidelines for appli- der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln | Öko-Institut e. V./Institut für Natur- cants for FIS World Championships. (Hrsg.): Integration von Umwelt- sport und Ökologie: Integriertes 1998 managementsystemen in den Sport/ Umweltkonzept Leipzig 2012. Im Klos, G.; Türk, S.. Schriftenreihe | Deutscher Sportbund: Umweltpoli- Auftrag der Stadt Leipzig/des Olym- Natursport und Ökologie – Band 16. tische Grundsätze des Deutschen piaplanungsstabes. Gefördert durch Köln: 2004 Sportbundes. Frankfurt: 1999 das Bundesamt für Naturschutz mit | Bund Deutscher Radfahrer: Umwel- | Stiftung pro natura – pro ski Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für trichtlinien des BDR. Frankfurt/M.: (Publisher): Auditing in Skigebieten. Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktor- 2006 Leitfaden zur ökologischen Aufwer- sicherheit. tung. Liechtenstein: 2003 | Deutscher Motor Sport Bund: | OK FIS Alpine Ski WM Engadin Umwelt-Richtlinien. Frankfurt/M: | Der Nürburgring GmbH: Umwel- 2003: Nachhaltigkeit der FIS Alpine 2005 terklärung 2004/Aktualisierte Ski WM 2003 St. Moritz-Pontresina, Umwelterklärung 2006. Nürburg: Engadin. Eine Sport-Großveranstal- | Deutscher Segler-Verband: Leitbild 2004/2006 tung im Spannungsfeld zwischen eines Natur- und Landschaftsver- wirtschaftlichen, ökologischen und träglichen Segelsports. Schriftenrei- | Franken-Stadion Nürnberg: Umwel- gesellschaftlichen Ansprüchen. he des Deutschen Segler-Verbandes. terklärung 2005. Nürnberg 2005 St. Gallen: 2000 Hamburg: 2003

Treatment of nature and Construction of sports landscape facilities | Deutscher Sportbund: NATURA 2000 | Essig, Natalie: Nachhaltigkeit von und Sport. Ein Leitfaden zur An- olympischen Sportbauten. Promo- wendung der Fauna-Flora-Habitat- tion an der TU Darmstadt. Unter- Richtlinie und der Vogelschutzrich- stützt durch den Deutschen Olym- tlinie. Frankfurt/M.: 2001 pischen Sportbund (DOSB) und die | Deutscher Segler-Verband: NATU- Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt RA 2000. Leitfaden für den Umgang (DBU). Darmstadt: 2007 (i. E.) mit der Thematik. Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Segler-Verbandes. Hamburg: 2005 82 Guide Green Champions

Consultative group

The authors would like to express Andreas Klages, their grateful thanks to the members German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) of the consultative group, without whose professional support the prepa- Inge Egli, ration of this guide in its particular German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) form would hardly have been possible. Dr. Hans Jägemann, German Sports Confederation (DSB)

Volker Brunner, German Cycling Federation (BDR)

Berend Meyer, German Cycling Federation (BDR)

Jan Kern, German Athletics Association (DLV)

Dr. Karl-Friedrich Ziegahn, German Motor Sports Association (DMSB)

Michael Stoldt, German Sailing Federation

Erwin Lauterwasser, German Ski Association (DSV)

Martina Dröll, German Gymnastics Federation (DTB)

Helmut Opitz, Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU)

Anette Arndt, OC 2006 FIFA World Cup/German Football Federation (DFB)

Gertrud Sahler, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)

Christa Morawa, Federal Environment Agency (UBA) Guide Green Champions 83

Contacts and further informationen

Further information on the subject of German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) sports and the environment as well as Division Development of Sports, on contacts at the member organiza- Department Sport for all and Sport Facilities tions of the DOSB can be obtained as Otto-Fleck-Schneise 12 | D-60528 Frankfurt am Main follows: Contact: Andreas Klages E-Mail: [email protected] Inge Egli Telephone: +49 (0)69 / 67 00-278 | Fax: +49 (0)69 / 67 00-1278 E-Mail: [email protected] Information, publications, downloads at: www.dosb.de/de/sportentwicklung

Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Division for Environment and Recreation, Sport, Leisure Activities and Tourism, Protected Areas and Regional Development P. O. Box 120629 | D-53048 Bonn Contact: Dr. Gordo Jain Telephone: +49 (0)228 / 305 2781 | Fax: +49 (0)228 / 10 305 2781 E-Mail: [email protected] Information on BMU activities concerning the subject at: www.bmu.de/tourismus_sport/aktuell/aktuell/1784.php

More detailed information on the Öko-Institut e. V. content of the guide can be obtained Infrastructure and Enterprises Division from: Novalisstraße 10 | D-10115 Berlin Contact: Martin Schmied Telephone: +49 (0)30 / 280 486 82 | Fax: +49 (0)30 / 280 486 88 E-Mail: [email protected] www.oeko.de

German Sport University Cologne Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science Carl-Diem-Weg 6 | D-50933 Köln Contact: Professor Ralf Roth Telephone: +49 (0)221 / 4982-7380 | Fax: +49 (0)221 / 4982-8480 E-Mail: [email protected] www.dshs-koeln-natursport.de Guide to environmentally-sound large sporting events www.3fdesign.de

Large sporting events inspire millions since the protection of resources also of people every year. World and Euro- means cost savings and represents a pean championships as well as a wide contribution to sustainability. variety of mass sports, competitive “Green Champions in Sport and and top-class sports events are also Environment – Guide to environmen- an important image and economic tally-sound large sporting events“ factor that increasingly provides an investigates the varied aspects of the initiative for sports development in ecological impact of large sporting keeping with the times. However, this events, from waste to transport and trend brings with it greater consump- from climate protection to catering. It tion of resources (of energy and wa- provides practical advice, orientated ter, for example), increased emissions towards specifi c action, for event (of noise and pollution) and further organizers and sponsors, associations side effects (such as increased traffi c and clubs, but also for municipalities volume). as well as the commercial partners and The objective of organizing such service providers of sporting events. In events in an environment-compat- its fi ve chapters it looks at individual ible manner is therefore of growing areas and the respective statutory importance, since sporting events are framework, it provides tips and specifi c also increasingly judged by their eco- recommendations for action and high- logical standards. Experience shows lights examples of good practice, and that environmental protection in sport it is rounded off with check lists and a leads to a real win-win-situation. The bibliography. Though the guide focuses environment and event organizers on “large“ events, its recommenda- benefi t equally from energy savings tions are equally applicable to “small“ and waste avoidance, particularly events at a regional or club level.