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Solving 8 × 8 Domineering
Theoretical Computer Science 230 (2000) 195–206 www.elsevier.com/locate/tcs View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Mathematical Games provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Solving 8 × 8 Domineering D.M. Breuker, J.W.H.M. Uiterwijk ∗, H.J. van den Herik Department of Computer Science, MATRIKS Research Institute, Universiteit Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands Received May 1998; revised October 1998 Communicated by A.S. Fraenkel Abstract So far the game of Domineering has mainly been investigated by combinatorial-games re- searchers. Yet, it is a genuine two-player zero-sum game with perfect information, of which the general formulation is a topic of AI research. In that domain, many techniques have been developed for two-person games, especially for chess. In this article we show that one such technique, i.e., transposition tables, is ÿt for solving standard Domineering (i.e., on an 8×8 board). The game turns out to be a win for the player ÿrst to move. This result coincides with a result obtained independently by Morita Kazuro. Moreover, the technique of transposition tables is also applied to di erently sized m × n boards, m ranging from 2 to 8, and n from m to 9. The results are given in tabular form. Finally, some conclusions on replacement schemes are drawn. In an appendix an analysis of four tournament games is provided. c 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Domineering; Solving games; Transposition tables; Replacement schemes 1. Introduction Domineering is a two-player zero-sum game with perfect information. -
By Glenn A. Emelko
A NEW ALGORITHM FOR EFFICIENT SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF REED-SOLOMON ENCODERS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS by Glenn A. Emelko Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies at Case Western Reserve University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Case Western Reserve University Glennan 321, 10900 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44106 May 2009 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of _Glenn A. Emelko____________________________________ candidate for the _Doctor of Philosophy_ degree *. (signed)_Francis L. Merat______________________________ (chair of the committee) _Wyatt S. Newman______________________________ _H. Andy Podgurski_____________________________ _William L. Schultz______________________________ _David A. Singer________________________________ ________________________________________________ (date) _March 2, 2009__________ * We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. i Dedication For my loving wife Liz, and for my children Tom and Leigh Anne. I thank you for giving me love and support and for believing in me every step along my journey. ii Table of Contents Dedication........................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures......................................................................................................................4 -
Claude Elwood Shannon (1916–2001) Solomon W
Claude Elwood Shannon (1916–2001) Solomon W. Golomb, Elwyn Berlekamp, Thomas M. Cover, Robert G. Gallager, James L. Massey, and Andrew J. Viterbi Solomon W. Golomb Done in complete isolation from the community of population geneticists, this work went unpublished While his incredibly inventive mind enriched until it appeared in 1993 in Shannon’s Collected many fields, Claude Shannon’s enduring fame will Papers [5], by which time its results were known surely rest on his 1948 work “A mathematical independently and genetics had become a very theory of communication” [7] and the ongoing rev- different subject. After his Ph.D. thesis Shannon olution in information technology it engendered. wrote nothing further about genetics, and he Shannon, born April 30, 1916, in Petoskey, Michi- expressed skepticism about attempts to expand gan, obtained bachelor’s degrees in both mathe- the domain of information theory beyond the matics and electrical engineering at the University communications area for which he created it. of Michigan in 1936. He then went to M.I.T., and Starting in 1938 Shannon worked at M.I.T. with after spending the summer of 1937 at Bell Tele- Vannevar Bush’s “differential analyzer”, the an- phone Laboratories, he wrote one of the greatest cestral analog computer. After another summer master’s theses ever, published in 1938 as “A sym- (1940) at Bell Labs, he spent the academic year bolic analysis of relay and switching circuits” [8], 1940–41 working under the famous mathemati- in which he showed that the symbolic logic of cian Hermann Weyl at the Institute for Advanced George Boole’s nineteenth century Laws of Thought Study in Princeton, where he also began thinking provided the perfect mathematical model for about recasting communications on a proper switching theory (and indeed for the subsequent mathematical foundation. -
Signature Redacted
On Foundations of Public-Key Encryption and Secret Sharing by Akshay Dhananjai Degwekar B.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology Madras (2014) S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2016) Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2019 @Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2019. All rights reserved. Signature redacted Author ............................................ Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science June 28, 2019 Signature redacted Certified by....................................... VWi dVaikuntanathan Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Thesis Supervisor Signature redacted A ccepted by . ......... ...................... MASSACLislie 6jp lodziejski OF EHs o fTE Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Students Committee on Graduate OCT Chair, Department LIBRARIES c, On Foundations of Public-Key Encryption and Secret Sharing by Akshay Dhananjai Degwekar Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science on June 28, 2019, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Since the inception of Cryptography, Information theory and Coding theory have influenced cryptography in myriad ways including numerous information-theoretic notions of security in secret sharing, multiparty computation and statistical zero knowledge; and by providing a large toolbox used extensively in cryptography. This thesis addresses two questions in this realm: Leakage Resilience of Secret Sharing Schemes. We show that classical secret sharing schemes like Shamir secret sharing and additive secret sharing over prime order fields are leakage resilient. Leakage resilience of secret sharing schemes is closely related to locally repairable codes and our results can be viewed as impossibility results for local recovery over prime order fields. -
Hexaflexagons, Probability Paradoxes, and the Tower of Hanoi
HEXAFLEXAGONS, PROBABILITY PARADOXES, AND THE TOWER OF HANOI For 25 of his 90 years, Martin Gard- ner wrote “Mathematical Games and Recreations,” a monthly column for Scientific American magazine. These columns have inspired hundreds of thousands of readers to delve more deeply into the large world of math- ematics. He has also made signifi- cant contributions to magic, philos- ophy, debunking pseudoscience, and children’s literature. He has produced more than 60 books, including many best sellers, most of which are still in print. His Annotated Alice has sold more than a million copies. He continues to write a regular column for the Skeptical Inquirer magazine. (The photograph is of the author at the time of the first edition.) THE NEW MARTIN GARDNER MATHEMATICAL LIBRARY Editorial Board Donald J. Albers, Menlo College Gerald L. Alexanderson, Santa Clara University John H. Conway, F.R. S., Princeton University Richard K. Guy, University of Calgary Harold R. Jacobs Donald E. Knuth, Stanford University Peter L. Renz From 1957 through 1986 Martin Gardner wrote the “Mathematical Games” columns for Scientific American that are the basis for these books. Scientific American editor Dennis Flanagan noted that this column contributed substantially to the success of the magazine. The exchanges between Martin Gardner and his readers gave life to these columns and books. These exchanges have continued and the impact of the columns and books has grown. These new editions give Martin Gardner the chance to bring readers up to date on newer twists on old puzzles and games, on new explanations and proofs, and on links to recent developments and discoveries. -
Combinatorial Game Theory
Combinatorial Game Theory Aaron N. Siegel Graduate Studies MR1EXLIQEXMGW Volume 146 %QIVMGER1EXLIQEXMGEP7SGMIX] Combinatorial Game Theory https://doi.org/10.1090//gsm/146 Combinatorial Game Theory Aaron N. Siegel Graduate Studies in Mathematics Volume 146 American Mathematical Society Providence, Rhode Island EDITORIAL COMMITTEE David Cox (Chair) Daniel S. Freed Rafe Mazzeo Gigliola Staffilani 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 91A46. For additional information and updates on this book, visit www.ams.org/bookpages/gsm-146 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siegel, Aaron N., 1977– Combinatorial game theory / Aaron N. Siegel. pages cm. — (Graduate studies in mathematics ; volume 146) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8218-5190-6 (alk. paper) 1. Game theory. 2. Combinatorial analysis. I. Title. QA269.S5735 2013 519.3—dc23 2012043675 Copying and reprinting. Individual readers of this publication, and nonprofit libraries acting for them, are permitted to make fair use of the material, such as to copy a chapter for use in teaching or research. Permission is granted to quote brief passages from this publication in reviews, provided the customary acknowledgment of the source is given. Republication, systematic copying, or multiple reproduction of any material in this publication is permitted only under license from the American Mathematical Society. Requests for such permission should be addressed to the Acquisitions Department, American Mathematical Society, 201 Charles Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02904-2294 USA. Requests can also be made by e-mail to [email protected]. c 2013 by the American Mathematical Society. All rights reserved. The American Mathematical Society retains all rights except those granted to the United States Government. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Hardness of Maximum Constraint Satisfaction Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x33g1k7 Author Chan, Siu On Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Hardness of Maximum Constraint Satisfaction by Siu On Chan A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Elchanan Mossel, Chair Professor Luca Trevisan Professor Satish Rao Professor Michael Christ Spring 2013 Hardness of Maximum Constraint Satisfaction Creative Commons 3.0 BY: C 2013 by Siu On Chan 1 Abstract Hardness of Maximum Constraint Satisfaction by Siu On Chan Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Elchanan Mossel, Chair Maximum constraint satisfaction problem (Max-CSP) is a rich class of combinatorial op- timization problems. In this dissertation, we show optimal (up to a constant factor) NP- hardness for maximum constraint satisfaction problem with k variables per constraint (Max- k-CSP), whenever k is larger than the domain size. This follows from our main result con- cerning CSPs given by a predicate: a CSP is approximation resistant if its predicate contains a subgroup that is balanced pairwise independent. Our main result is related to previous works conditioned on the Unique-Games Conjecture and integrality gaps in sum-of-squares semidefinite programming hierarchies. Our main ingredient is a new gap-amplification technique inspired by XOR-lemmas. Using this technique, we also improve the NP-hardness of approximating Independent-Set on bounded-degree graphs, Almost-Coloring, Two-Prover-One-Round-Game, and various other problems. -
Arxiv:2105.01193V1
Improved approximation algorithms for bounded-degree local Hamiltonians Anurag Anshu1, David Gosset2, Karen J. Morenz Korol3, and Mehdi Soleimanifar4 1 Department of EECS & Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, USA and Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, Berkeley, California, USA. 2 Department of Combinatorics and Optimization and Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Canada 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada and 4 Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA We consider the task of approximating the ground state energy of two-local quantum Hamiltonians on bounded-degree graphs. Most existing algorithms optimize the energy over the set of product states. Here we describe a family of shallow quantum circuits that can be used to improve the approximation ratio achieved by a given product state. The algorithm takes as input an n-qubit 2 product state |vi with mean energy e0 = hv|H|vi and variance Var = hv|(H − e0) |vi, and outputs a 2 state with an energy that is lower than e0 by an amount proportional to Var /n. In a typical case, we have Var = Ω(n) and the energy improvement is proportional to the number of edges in the graph. When applied to an initial random product state, we recover and generalize the performance guarantees of known algorithms for bounded-occurrence classical constraint satisfaction problems. We extend our results to k-local Hamiltonians and entangled initial states. Quantum computers are capable of efficiently comput- Hamiltonian ing the dynamics of quantum many-body systems [1], and it is anticipated that they can be useful for scien- H = hij (1) i,j E tific applications in physics, materials science and quan- { X}∈ tum chemistry. -
Decidability of Secure Non-Interactive Simulation of Doubly Symmetric Binary Source
Decidability of Secure Non-interactive Simulation of Doubly Symmetric Binary Source Hamidreza Amini Khorasgani, Hemanta K. Maji, and Hai H. Nguyen Department of Computer Science, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Abstract Noise, which cannot be eliminated or controlled by parties, is an incredible facilitator of cryptography. For example, highly efficient secure computation protocols based on independent samples from the doubly symmetric binary source (BSS) are known. A modular technique of extending these protocols to diverse forms of other noise without any loss of round and communication complexity is the following strategy. Parties, beginning with multiple samples from an arbitrary noise source, non-interactively, albeit securely, simulate the BSS samples. After that, they can use custom-designed efficient multi-party solutions using these BSS samples. Khorasgani, Maji, and Nguyen (EPRINT{2020) introduce the notion of secure non-interactive simulation (SNIS) as a natural cryptographic extension of concepts like non-interactive simula- tion and non-interactive correlation distillation in theoretical computer science and information theory. In SNIS, the parties apply local reduction functions to their samples to produce samples of another distribution. This work studies the decidability problem of whether samples from the noise (X; Y ) can securely and non-interactively simulate BSS samples. As is standard in analyz- ing non-interactive simulations, our work relies on Fourier-analytic techniques to approach this decidability problem. Our work begins by algebraizing the simulation-based security definition of SNIS. Using this algebraized definition of security, we analyze the properties of the Fourier spectrum of the reduction functions. Given (X; Y ) and BSS with noise parameter ", the objective is to distinguish between the following two cases. -
SHANNON SYMPOSIUM and STATUE DEDICATION at UCSD
SHANNON SYMPOSIUM and STATUE DEDICATION at UCSD At 2 PM on October 16, 2001, a statue of Claude Elwood Shannon, the Father of Information Theory who died earlier this year, will be dedicated in the lobby of the Center for Magnetic Recording Research (CMRR) at the University of California-San Diego. The bronze plaque at the base of this statue will read: CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON 1916-2001 Father of Information Theory His formulation of the mathematical theory of communication provided the foundation for the development of data storage and transmission systems that launched the information age. Dedicated October 16, 2001 Eugene Daub, Sculptor There is no fee for attending the dedication but if you plan to attend, please fill out that portion of the attached registration form. In conjunction with and prior to this dedication, 15 world-renowned experts on information theory will give technical presentations at a Shannon Symposium to be held in the auditorium of CMRR on October 15th and the morning of October 16th. The program for this Symposium is as follows: Monday Oct. 15th Monday Oct. 15th Tuesday Oct. 16th 9 AM to 12 PM 2 PM to 5 PM 9 AM to 12 PM Toby Berger G. David Forney Jr. Solomon Golomb Paul Siegel Edward vanderMeulen Elwyn Berlekamp Jacob Ziv Robert Lucky Shu Lin David Neuhoff Ian Blake Neal Sloane Thomas Cover Andrew Viterbi Robert McEliece If you are interested in attending the Shannon Symposium please fill out the corresponding portion of the attached registration form and mail it in as early as possible since seating is very limited. -
Lecture 25: Sketch of the PCP Theorem 1 Overview 2
A Theorist's Toolkit (CMU 18-859T, Fall 2013) Lecture 25: Sketch of the PCP Theorem December 4, 2013 Lecturer: Ryan O'Donnell Scribe: Anonymous 1 Overview The complexity class NP is the set of all languages L such that if x 2 L, then there exists a polynomial length certificate that x 2 L which can be verified in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine (and if x2 = L, no such certificate exists). Suppose we relaxed the requirement that the verifier must be deterministic, and instead the verifier could use randomness to \approximately" check the validity of such a certificate. The notion of a probabilistically checkable proof (PCP) arises from this idea, where it can be shown that for any L 2 NP , a polynomial length certificate that x 2 L can be verified or disproven, with probability of failure say at most 1=2, by only looking at a constant number (independent of L) of bits in the certificate. More details are given in Section 2, where the existence of such a verifier is implied by the so-called PCP theorem; this theorem was first proven by [2, 3], but here we will cover a proof given by Dinur that is simpler [4]. Some of the more interesting applications of the PCP theorem involve showing hardness of approximability, e.g. it is NP-Hard to approximate Max-3SAT within a 7=8 factor, but we do not discuss such applications here. 2 PCP We give a statement of the PCP Theorem; for a more complete description, please see [4, 1]. -
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T G¨ P 2012 C N Deadline: December 31, 2011 The Gödel Prize for outstanding papers in the area of theoretical computer sci- ence is sponsored jointly by the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS) and the Association for Computing Machinery, Special Inter- est Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (ACM-SIGACT). The award is presented annually, with the presentation taking place alternately at the Inter- national Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP) and the ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC). The 20th prize will be awarded at the 39th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Pro- gramming to be held at the University of Warwick, UK, in July 2012. The Prize is named in honor of Kurt Gödel in recognition of his major contribu- tions to mathematical logic and of his interest, discovered in a letter he wrote to John von Neumann shortly before von Neumann’s death, in what has become the famous P versus NP question. The Prize includes an award of USD 5000. AWARD COMMITTEE: The winner of the Prize is selected by a committee of six members. The EATCS President and the SIGACT Chair each appoint three members to the committee, to serve staggered three-year terms. The committee is chaired alternately by representatives of EATCS and SIGACT. The 2012 Award Committee consists of Sanjeev Arora (Princeton University), Josep Díaz (Uni- versitat Politècnica de Catalunya), Giuseppe Italiano (Università a˘ di Roma Tor Vergata), Mogens Nielsen (University of Aarhus), Daniel Spielman (Yale Univer- sity), and Eli Upfal (Brown University). ELIGIBILITY: The rule for the 2011 Prize is given below and supersedes any di fferent interpretation of the parametric rule to be found on websites on both SIGACT and EATCS.