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Innovation in Cultural Systems: Contributions from Evolutionary Anthropology Innovation in Cultural Systems Contributions from Evolutionary Anthropology edited by Michael J. O’Brien and Stephen J. Shennan The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2010 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email [email protected] or write to Special Sales Department, The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142. This book was set in Times Roman by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Innovation in cultural systems : contributions from evolutionary anthropology / edited by Michael J. O’Brien and Stephen J. Shennan. p. cm.—(Vienna series in theoretical biology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-01333-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Physical anthropology. 2. Human evolution. 3. Social evolution. 4. Human beings–Origin. 5. Technological innovations. I. O’Brien, Michael J. II. Shennan, Stephen J. GN60.I56 2010 599.9–dc22 2009009084 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Index Aboriginal metatraditions, 166–168 American archaeology, innovation in, 5 Academic publishing, fashion versus selection in, American Southwest, spread of Salado ceramic 125–133 tradition across, 251–262 Academic vocabulary Amish frequencies of through time, 126, 129–131 metatraditions of, 164–166 frequency distributions of, 126, 132–133 as “People of Preservation,” 161–162 random copying of, 125–126 Ammerman, A., 179–180 turnover of, 127, 128–129 Anagenesis, 12 Adaptation. See also Cumulative adaptive evolution Analogy, argument by, 22–24 arrival of fi ttest and, 33–34 Anasazi creation of, 260–261 attempt to unite, 257 versus evolution, 59–61 region of, 252 in evolutionary biology, 84 Salado ceramic tradition in, 251 mutations underlying, 91 Anatomical novelty, emergence of, 54–55 origins of, 29 Ancestral Law, Australian Aboriginal, 166–168 patterns of in diverse environments, 100–101 Ancrenaz, 40 Adaptive landscape Animal innovation, 37–38, 48 concept of, 183 case studies of, 42–47 multimodal defi ning, 40–41 cultural transmission in, 11 ecological and evolutionary signifi cance of, 38–40 innovation spread in, 182–188 experimental studies of, 41 Adoption Anthropology, units of culture in, 5–6 in archaeological record, 240 Antibiotics, discovery of, 111 cultural interconnectedness in, 103–107 Antipsychologism, 85 defi nition of, 238–239 Apesteguia, J., 102 of new products, social-infl uence models of, Apprenticeship institution, 112–113 193–213 Archaeological studies, of invention processes, Africa 235–248 early modern humans in, 139 Ariew, A., 24 Upper Paleolithic transition in, 138 Aristotle, 21 Agency-based cultural variation model, 258–259 Arnold, S. J., 11, 183, 243 Aggrandizer model, 247 Arrow-Debreu formalization of competitive Agricultural diffusion, in United States, 211–212 equilibrium, 89 Aitken, H. G. J., 242 Art, fi rst appearance of, 138 Akrich, M., 217 Artifacts Albert, R., 127 change in types and frequencies of, 235–236 Alcheringa, 168 designs of, 183 Algoe, S. B., 112 properties of, 182 Allen, J., 139, 140 typologies of, 240 Altruism, group selection of, 117n.3 unique or rare, 240 Ambrose, S. H., 140 Asch, S. E., 102 270 Index Asocial learning Biological anthropology, transmission analyses of, in captive birds, 48 145–146 in foraging innovation, 43 Biology-culture relationship, 6–7 Association patterns, in spread of solving, 43–44 Birds Ast, G., 59 asocial-learning performance in, 48 Atran, S., 7 foraging innovations in, 38–39, 43–44 Aunger, R., 7, 73, 175–176 milk-bottle opening, 41 Australia spread of bottle-opening behavior among, 37 aboriginal, metatraditions of, 166–168 Birdsell, J. B., 145, 146 cultural patterns of early modern humans in, 140 Birkhead, T. R., 58 dearth of technological complexity in, 107 Biro, D., 37 early modern humans in, 139 Blackmore, S., 7 foragers in, 109 Blending algorithms, 102 Upper Paleolithic transition in, 138 Bliege Bird, R., 124 Aztec system, 258 Blitz, J. H., 251 Blum, H. F., 7 Bacterial cultures, 110 Boas, F., 168 Bagwell, E. A., 240 Body decorations, 138 Bamforth, D., 21, 23–24, 25, 30–31, 76 Body plans, 91 Bandura, A., 101 genetic regulation of, 63 Banfi eld, E. C., 115 origination of, 86 Bar-Yosef, O., 137–138 Boëda, E., 218 Barabási, A.-L., 127 Boogert, N. J., 43 Barnett, H. G., 3, 176 Bordieu, P., 127 Barnett, S. A., 46 Boschma, R. A., 83 Baron, R. J., 102 Bouchard, J., 39 Basalla, G., 6, 109, 110, 111 Bonded rationality Bass, F. M., 193, 194–195, 210, 213 models, 70 Bass diffusion model, 193, 210–213 theory, 71–72 combined with dual-inheritance model, 204–208 Bow-and-arrow technology, spread of, 10 versus dual-inheritance model, 198–199 Bowl making techniques, 223, 225 Bass model of innovation diffusion, 194–195 Bowles, S., 69–70 Bastian, Adolf, 5 Box, H. O., 40 Bateson, W., 55, 62 Boyd, R., 6, 7, 9–11, 71, 100–102, 108, 113–116, Baum, W. M., 176 137, 140–144, 162, 169, 176, 183, 187, 195, 196 Baumol, W. J., 84, 88–89 Boyer, P., 115 Bauvais, S., 226 Brain Bayus, B. L., 209, 210 decoding functions of, 72 Behavior change evolution of, 69 versus novel behavior, 41 copying behavior in, 169–170 technological change as, 236 Brain codes, 73 Behavioral-drive hypothesis, 39–40 Brannigan, A., 85 Behavioral fl exibility Brass, M., 70 in animals, 37–38 Brette, O., 84–85 ecological and evolutionary implications of, 39 Brighton, H., 175–176 Behavioral norms, cultural evolution of, 116–117 Bril, B., 223–224 Belmont Radio, 244 Brooks, A. S., 138–139 Bentley, R. A., 9, 10–11, 121–124, 126, 127, 132, Brumm, A., 137, 138, 139, 140 134 Buchanan, M., 134 Berndt, R. M., 167 Burke and Wills’s expedition, 109 Bettinger, R. L., 9, 10, 182 Burkhardt, R. W., Jr., 57–58 Biased cultural transmission, 141 Burst of variation, 262 in multimodal adaptive landscapes, 182–188 Byrne, R. W., 37 Biased variation, 86 Bicycle design, development of, 183 Cabeza, R., 72 Billing, J., 100 Cacioppo, J. T., 72 Bin-Sallik, M. A., 168 Calitrichid monkeys, innovation in, 42–43 Index 271 Callebaut, W., 70, 81, 83, 84, 86, 89, 91, 92, 188 inventions and, 223–224 Cambefort, J. P., 38 in selection, 72 Cambell, A., 256 Communication technologies, wireless, 241–242 Campbell, D. T., 6–7, 92, 161, 163, 166 Complex skills, 145 Carrier, J., 83 accumulation of, 143 Carroll, S., 32 cultural transmission of, 143, 146–149 Casanova, C., 37 Complex technological system (CTS) Case study cascade model of development of, 242–243 of innovation spread in multimodal adaptive components functioning in, 245–246 landscapes, 182–188 Component-stimulated invention, 245–246 of migration effect on innovation and invention Conard, N., 138 rates, 177–182 Conformist behaviors, 71, 176 Castle, D., 90 hardwiring for, 76 Castro, L., 168 neuroscientifi c evidence of, 74–76 Causal-mechanistic approach, 91 predisposition to, 69 Cauvin, J., 230 propensity for, 72 Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., 7, 9, 101, 133, 140, 176, 179– Conformist bias, 193, 213 180, 195 Conformist-biased transmission, 196, 197–198 Celebrity effect, 124 Conot, R. E., 110 Ceramics Constant-heterogeneity approach, 208 development of techniques in, 225 Consumers, technology adoption by, 238–239 Salado traditional system of, 251–262 Continental-level innovation, cultural information Chaco-Aztec system, 253 fl ow in, 107 Chacoan system, 258 Convergent evolution, 180 Chalcolithic cultures, 227–228, 229 Cooperation Chance, in cultural evolution, 90 competition in, 121 Chandrasekaran, D., 213 as form of signaling, 113–114 Change kinship relationships and, 170 defi nition of, 235–237 neurological processes in, 74 in evolution, 122 oxytocin in, 75 random versus selected, 122–124 Cooperative dilemma Charka, 110 cultural interconnectedness and, 99–100 Charlesworth, Brian, 27–28 larger scale, 113–114, 117 Charloux, G., 227 natural selection and, 112 Cherry, J., 247 reputational system in solving, 113–114 Cheshier, J., 187 solving, 112–114 Chimpanzees, cultural transmission in, 116 Cooperative strategies, 117n.2 Chromosomal rearrangement, 62 Copying Chrono-cultural periods, 225–226 in brain evolution, 169–170 Churnash, appearance of Tomol canoe of, 243 brain scans during, 77 Cladistic equivalents, 64 in direct-bias transmission, 71 Cladogenesis, 12 kinship relationships and, 170 Claidière, N., 84 neurological processes in, 74 Clans, 163 random, 122–123 Clarke, P. A., 167 selective, 195 Cloak, F. T., Jr., 7 in indirect-bias transmission, 71 Closed societies, invention in, 181 Corbetta, D., 223 Closed systems, 230 Core-reduction techniques, 138 versus open systems, 228–229 Costa-Mattioli, M., 72 transformation into open systems, 229–230 Cotton gin, 110 Coe, K., 163, 169 Coultas, J., 102 Cognitive capacities Courty, M. A., 219, 228 in cultural transmission, 145–146 Cousteau, J. Y., 38 in evolution, 71–72 Cowgill, G. L., 258–259 Cognitive processes Coy, M. W., 113 evolution of, 69 Cozzens, S. E., 85 generating novelty, 73–74 Craft inventions, discontinuous, 223, 224–228 272 Index Craft skills, transmission of, 141 Cultural transmission, 6–8. See also Horizontal Craftsmanship, levels of, 224 transmission; Vertical transmission Crary, J. S., 254 in animals, 39–40 Creative expression, random versus selected, in archaeological context, 9–10 122–124 incomplete and inaccurate, 142–143 Creative industries, fashion versus reason in, intergenerational, 260–261 121–134 mechanisms of, 176 Cresko, W. A., 61 modes of, 12, 140–141 Creswell, R., 217–220, 225, 226–227 in multimodal adaptive landscape, 11 Cronk, L., 171 random noise during, 143 Crow, J.
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