1 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Editorial Board

Dr. Muhammad Nawaz Malik

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Shahid

Dr. Fraz Munir Khan

Dr. Asif Suleman Sahi

Dr. Usman Tahir

2 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination INTRODUCTION

In about 35 million rural people are engaged in raising livestock and derive 30-40% of their income from the livestock rearing. Agriculture share in National GDP is 26.3% whereas Livestock share is 13.4 % in GDP. Livestock is the sole source of livelihood in many of the poor and marginalized communities of the Punjab.

In the Punjab, livestock productivity is low because the genetic potential of the animals is not being fully exploited. Among underlying factors that hinders the full expression of genetic potential, worm infestation is the most important one.

In the above mentioned scenario, the private sector is reluctant to invest in this sector, as majority of the livestock farmers are small holders. Private sector further lacks resources and dedicated human resource. In view of the huge loss at individual and national level, the Govt. of the Punjab realized the situation and took immediate remedial initiatives to equip the sector to face present and future challenges in the shortest possible time period.

With the advent of an enlightened era, the whole setup of Livestock & Dairy Development Punjab underwent a paradigm shift from curative to preventive side with associated transition from its traditional role of being “Typical Disease Attendant” to “Livestock Asset Manager of the Province.” The static infrastructure got replaced with dynamic outreach activities spearheaded by 9211 Virtual Governance System of the Department and backed by 3700 motor cycles across 25892 villages of the Punjab. Vaccine production and quality got enhanced many fold within same resources with price reduction.Now, with the improvement in the chain of service delivery at the threshold of livestock farmers, the enhancement in the production and quality of vaccines at lower rates, activation of the whole system of disease surveillance, having a firsthand knowledge about the enormity of parasitism, it is now the need of the time to apprise/ realize the livestock farmer regarding the impact of properdeworming and vaccination towards enhanced production and productivity of livestock and the establishment of Disease Controlled Zones (DCZs) and Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs) – a step towards the progressive establishment of Disease Free Zones and Disease Free Compartments. 3 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination PROJECT CONTEXTUAL

During 2015, the Department conducted the first ever Cross-sectional Disease Survey (CSS-2015) for disease mapping in Punjab with revealing results. CSS-2015 highlighted the high parasitic prevalence to be the root-cause of vaccination failure. According to the estimates of CSS-2015 the highest prevalence of endo-parasites was in cattle (57.15%) followed by in buffaloes (54.43%) and small ruminants (52.06%). Region- wise highest prevalence of endo-parasites was recorded in South Punjab (75.8%) followed by North Punjab (41.3%) and Central Punjab (35.37%).

4 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Similarly the overall prevalence of blood parasites was 13.79%. Theileria was by far the most prevalent parasite (5.6%) followed by Babesia (4.5%), Anaplasma (2.6%), Trypanosma (1.2%), and Ehrlichia (0.1%). The highest prevalence of blood parasites is recorded in cattle (18.1%) followed by buffaloes (14.4%), camels (12.6%), equine & sheep (11% each), and goats (10%). Faecal examination of working equines (donkeys, mules, horses) indicates that Nematodes are the most prevalent (47.8%) followed by Trematodes (3.6%), Cestodes & Coccidian Parasites (2.8% each), and a mixed infestation of Nematodes & Cestodes (0.07%). Faecal examination of camels indicate that the highest prevalence is of Nematodes (43.4%) followed by Trematodes (11.19%), Cestodes (5.13%), and Coccidian Parasites (3.07%). The CSS-2015 also showed that the loss inflicted due to worm infestation amounts to Rs.12.700 billion/month in the Punjab Province. The highest percentage of loss was calculated from Central Punjab (Rs. 4.020 billion / month) followed by North Punjab (Rs.1.720 Million/month) and South Punjab (Rs.1.280 billion/month). Similarly the ecto-parasites also contribute in the immno-suppression. In addition to immune-suppression, these parasites inflict scratching, skin diseases, anaemia, allergic reactions, alopecia (baldness), and spread various other diseases like Congo Fever, Dengue Fever, Malaria, etc. Therefore, the control of ticks, mites, warble flies and other flying and crawling insects would help in eliciting the optimal immune-response after vaccination along with the prevention of skin/hides damage and transmission of blood parasites and dreadful zoonotic agents like Congo Disease virus. The warble fly infestation leads to:

Poor weight gain in growing calves and kids Reduction of milk secretion (10 – 20%) Depreciation in the value of carcass Grubby hides General immunosuppression

The annual estimated losses in Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajan Pur districts due to warble fly infestation were calculated as USD 0.24 million (Rs. 25 million) and USD 0.026 million (Rs. 2.7 million), respectively.

5 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

6 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination The intelligence gleaned through the cross-sectional surveys furnished the following set of information for alternative future:

The geo-nautical variation in the prevalence of diseases was the basis for the rational procurement and distribution of area specific medicine. This has drastically cut short the budget spent on medicine. All the subsequent procurements of de- wormers were made on the basis of results of cross-sectional surveys which resulted in substantial decrease in the overall worm load. The encouraging results of strategic deworming were impetus for the endeavors towards the establishment of Diseases Control Compartments (DCCs) – a step towards the progressive establishment of Disease Free Compartments. At individual level the culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing facilitates the administration of antibiotic of choice in refractory cases. The use of anthelmintics and drugs of choice in neonates have significantly reduced the neonatal mortalities. For the biological control of snail population in areas of high incidence of liver fluke units of ducks were given to general public. Similarly for the biological control of ticks capturing, caging, transportation, supply, sale, purchase and export of the bird 'Lali' was put under complete ban with immediate effect. The heavy infestation of ticks and blood parasites cause colossal loss to the productivity besides making the livestock prone to carriers of zoonotic diseases thus putting the life and safety in grave danger.

There is common saying among the dairy farmers’ community that “FMD does not kill the animal but it kills the farmer (economically)”. The outcome of FMD includes reduced milk production, loss of body weight, low weight gain, delayed maturity, inability to perform draught function, cost of treatment, abortion and 20-30 percent mortality in calves and embargo on the sale of livestock and livestock products in high end markets. Even after recovery the production 7 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination of milk in lactating animals and weight gain in young stock remains sub-optimal for the next couple of years. According to FAO FMD-Project (GCP/PAK/123/USA) the annual loss due to Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) amounts more than Rs.7.000 billion. This amount does not include loss due to embargo on the export of livestock and the products thereof with other countries. Expenditure incurred just on the treatment of animals suffering from FMD costs about Rs.1000/- and Rs.500/- on adults and calves respectively. In addition to the cost on treatment, the poor farmer has to spend extra time and energy on the nursing and management of sick animals. This means a lot for those communities who work on daily wages. Considering the importance of FMD, during the meeting of the committee constituted by Chief Minister on Mass Vaccination of FMD in Punjab held on 29.06.2015 under the chairmanship of Chairman P&D Board, a comprehensive strategy to control FMD in the Punjab through targeted vaccination with deworming in the areas of high livestock density and breeding was stressed.

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is considered to be one of the major constraints to enhance the productivity of goats and sheep in regions where it is present and becoming endemic. Morbidity of 80–90% and mortality between 50 and 80% due to PPR in goats and sheep has been recorded in Pakistan, where it causes economic losses of Rs.20.500 billion (US$ 0.24 billion) annually.

In the Newcastle Disease (ND) mortality rate up to 20% and above has been recorded. The economic importance of the disease is evident from the fact that the disease had caused Rs. 7 billion economic loss to commercial farmers in Punjab during seven months (from November 2010 to May 2011). The prevalence of ND among Fayoumi and Desi birds is 24.66% and 15.66%, respectively.

Avian Influenza H9 virus has been isolated from domestic as well as wild avian species during sporadic outbreaks posing threat to public health. Its prevention through simultaneous vaccination against ND, in the hotspots, is the need of time to safeguard the public health from potential threat of an emerging biological hazard.

Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) is a major bacterial disease of buffaloes and cattle. Its prevalence is up to 49% in Pakistan. In cattle and buffaloes, morbidity and mortality due to HS has been recorded to be 95.25% and 21.19%, respectively.

The combined effect of deworming, anti-ectoparasites, and vaccination campaign is: Increased Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Physical soundness Full exploitation of the productive and reproductive potential. 8 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination So, strategic de-worming, spraying, and vaccination in the targeted areas will pave the way for the establishment of DCCs and DCZs. Lack of awareness among livestock farmers and higher cost on proper prophylaxis (particularly against FMD and PPR) are the main reasons for procrastination towards timely deworming and vaccination in an organized manner. Institution of a gratis Campaign against endo-parasites and ecto-parasites followed by vaccination against prevalent diseases of livestock and poultry would go a long way to apprise them to adopt these management practices as an integral part of animal husbandry. This vision of the Department is in line with the economic objectives of the Provincial and Federal Governments for the uplift of livestock sector.

Getting access to International Food Market with acceptable commodities is the core economic objective of the Provincial and Federal Governments. The main challenge, in this regard, is to meet the sanitary and phyto-sanitary requirements (SPS Agreement) of WTO throughout the whole production system. Before trade in animals or their products may occur, an importing country needs to be satisfied that its animal health status will be appropriately protected. In most cases, the import regulations developed will rely in part on judgments made about the effectiveness of sanitary procedures undertaken by the exporting country, both at its borders and within its territory (Article 5.3.3 of Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2010). To survive in the regime of WTO, establishing and maintaining a disease-free-status throughout the country is the final goal of Pakistan for being a member of World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). However, given the difficulty of establishing and maintaining a disease-free-status for an entire country, especially for diseases the entry of which is difficult to control through measures at national boundaries (Trans-boundary Animal Diseases), it is of benefit for Pakistan to establish and maintain sub- populations with distinct health status within its territory, in accordance with the clauses of Terrestrial Animal Health Code of OIE. These subpopulations would be of two types:

1. Those separated by natural or artificial geographical barriers (Zones)

2. Those separated by the application of appropriate management practices (Compartments).

In addition to contributing to the safety of international trade, zoning and compartmentalization would assist to control or eradicate Trans-boundary Animal Diseases (TAD) in the Punjab. Zoning would encourage the more efficient use of resources within certain parts of the Punjab. On the other hand compartmentalization would allow the functional separation of a subpopulation from other domestic or wild animals through bio-security measures, which a zone 9 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination (through geographical separation) would not achieve. The Article 4.3.2 of Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2010 demands the Veterinary Services of an exporting country, which is establishing a zone or compartment within its territory for international trade purposes, to clearly define the subpopulation in accordance with the recommendations in the relevant chapters in the Terrestrial Code, including those on surveillance, and the identification and traceability of live animals. The Veterinary Services of an exporting country should be able to explain to the Veterinary Services of an importing country the basis for claiming a distinct animal health status for the given zone or compartment under consideration. Under the same Article, the exporting country is required to conduct an assessment of the resources needed and available to establish and maintain a zone or compartment for international trade purposes. These include the human and financial resources and the technical capability of the Veterinary Services (and of the relevant industry, in the case of a compartment) including disease surveillance and diagnosis. This Article entrusted the Veterinary Services the responsibility to issue movement certification, and carry out documented periodic inspections of facilities, bio-security measures, records and surveillance procedures. Veterinary Services should conduct or audit surveillance, reporting and laboratory diagnostic examinations. The quality of the veterinary diagnostic laboratories of a country underpins the whole control and certification processes of the zoo-sanitary/sanitary status of exported animals and animal products, and therefore these laboratories should be subject to rigid quality assurance procedures and should use international quality assurance programs (wherever available) for standardizing test methodologies and testing proficiency.

Establishing and maintaining the Disease Free Zones and Disease Free Compartments is the prime objective of the Government of the Punjab. It is the need of time to make earnest efforts for this important task of National concern. The endeavor to establish DCCs and DCZs through this Project is a step toward the progressive achievement of this objective.

10 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination STRATEGIC PROGRESSION

The critical aspect of this Project was the establishment of diseases controlled areas. To achieve this goal, interventions like scheduled trainings, gratis deworming, spray, and a scheduled vaccination was instituted in the following target areas:

 Bahawalpur Division  Chakwal and Attock districts  Tribal Area of Dera Ghazi Khan Division  Government Livestock and Poultry Farms  36 Villages for ND & H9  One UC per tehsil

Dairy colonies of Faisalabad, Lahore, and Kasur

11 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination FARMER AWARENESS

To apprise farmers of the Disease Controlled Zones/ Compartments, in addition to already available printed material, special flyers were designed about the important diseases of livestock and rural poultry. There are 139 tehsils of the Punjab and 14000 numbers of flyers were distributed in each tehsil among farmers of the target areas.

These flyers were especially designed in simple urdu with demotic names of diseases to apprise the livestock farmers with the most important and prevalent diseases and the time proven ethno- veterinary and readily available first aid remedies. The flyer was one of its first kind and was well acclaimed by the farmers.

Mastitis is inflammation of the mammary gland usually caused by bacteria entering the teat canal and moving to the udder. It usually occurs as an immune response to bacterial invasion of the teat canal by variety of bacterial sources present on the farm, and can also occur as a result of chemical, mechanical, or thermal injury to the cow's udder. Sub-clinical mastitis, without causing any gross pathological change in the mammary gland, causes two third losses of the total milk production by the affected animal. Normal somatic cell count in milk is 200,000 and in case of mastitis it goes to several thousands. Common sources of bacteria are inadequate cleaning of milking utensils, hands not properly washed, skin of udder not properly cleaned and contamination of the teat skin. There is a direct relationship between skin and mastitis. If dirty skin then more chances of mastitis. By providing hygienic conditions mastitis can be controlled and quality of milk and its byproducts can be improved.

Red-water can be a very severe life-threatening disease of cattle and buffalo which must be treated promptly. It is of two types.The first type is caused by a unicellular parasite called Babesia. When an infected tick bites cattle, the parasite is injected into the blood. It rapidly divides in susceptible cattle, rupturing the red blood cells. The animal becomes anemic, and the ability of its blood to carry oxygen is reduced. Hemoglobin is released and excreted by the kidneys; giving urine its characteristic color (can vary from black to red). There is usually high fever in this type.The second type occurs after parturition and is characterized by straining during defecation, red urine, hemoglobinurea, anemia; and death may occur if not properly 12 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination attended. The major cause of this disease is phosphorus deficiency. It is more common in buffalo as compared to cattle. The diet deficient in phosphorus (like turnips, brassica, reddish leaves and beat pulp) or soil deficient in copper or selenium leads to post parturient hemoglobin urea. To prevent this condition give wheat bran (phosphorus rich diet) along with winter fodders.

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an infectious viral disease of cloven footed animals characterized by high fever and vesicle formation in oral cavity and on feet and teats. In terms of economic loses it is one of the most important diseases of livestock by drastic fall in meat and milk production. Death in adult animal is rare; more in young animals and affected females become infertile for long periods. Pure exotic breeds and cross bred animals that have been recovered from FMD start panting and become useless for farmers in case of transport or other work. Transmission is through direct contact with affected animal or through contact with contaminated animal products like milk, dung, etc.

Hemorrhagic septicemia once was one of the most important bacterial diseases of cattle and buffalo that caused heavy losses in Livestock. It was considered number one killer of buffalo but now due to regular gratis vaccination, its occurrence has been drastically reduced to almost nil. Disease is associated with humid weather. The disease is spread by direct or indirect contact. The source of infection is infected animals or carriers. The causative agent does not survive for more than 2-3 weeks in soil.

PPR is an acute highly contagious viral disease of goats and sheep which is clinically characterized by fever, erosive stomatitis, enteritis, pneumonia, and death. PPR virus spreads by direct contact and infection is mainly by inhalation of infective aerosols.

Within the first few hours of a calf's life, it gets up, looks for the udder, and sucks on everything from the cow's brisket to the tail. In the process of responding to this most basic of instincts, the calf picks up every pathogen (bacteria, virus or organism that can cause disease) that's clinging to the cow. As a result, the calf gets diarrhea otherwise known 13 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination as scours. These pathogens cause damage to the lining of the gut, making it difficult to absorb fluids. Weather plays a role, too, either increasing the transmission of pathogens, or a weakening a calf's immune system (hyperthermia/hypothermia).

Water is the one most important nutrient required by livestock. Decreased intake can adversely affect health, reproduction and growth. Excessive salinity (salt) in livestock drinking water can upset the animals’ water balance and cause death. Unsafe levels of salt and toxins depend on the age of the animal, its stage of production and the amount of water consumed each day.

Although minerals and vitamins are needed as a very small percentage of dietary nutrients, they are very important for proper animal function, such as bone development, immune function, muscle contractions, and nervous system function. Growth and reproductive performance can be compromised if a good mineral supplementation program is not in place. Required minerals are classified as either macro-minerals (major minerals) or micro-minerals (trace minerals), based on the quantities required in beef cattle diets. Macro-minerals are required in larger quantities (grams per day) than micro-minerals (milligrams or micrograms per day). Macro-minerals required include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine, and sulfur. Required micro-minerals include chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc. Nutrient requirements of specific mineral elements vary, depending on animal age, weight, stage of production, lactation status, breed, stress, and mineral bioavailability (the degree to which a mineral becomes available to the target tissue after administration) from the diet.

Theileriosis is a disease of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats caused by the protozoan parasite. This parasite is transmitted by ticks but may also spread by multiple uses of vaccination guns, ear taggers or other husbandry devices that are contaminated with blood. Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of a specific type of anemia and can demonstrate the causative parasite in blood smears. Prevention of Theileria is difficult once it is established in the local tick population. However, the risk of introducing this parasite to the farm can be reduced by good biosecurity measures.

14 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Black Quarter (BQ) is an infectious bacterial disease, most commonly caused by Clostridium chauvoei, usually affecting cattle, sheep, and goats. Although the soil contaminated with the bacterial spores is a predominant source of this bacterium, yet it is also found naturally in the intestines of animals. The organism produces a large amount of gas as a metabolic byproduct when growing and reproducing in deep muscles. The limb usually swells significantly, and the animal can develop lameness on the affected leg. Vaccination is the most common, cheapest, and efficacious preventative measure. Burning the upper layer of soil to eradicate left-over spores is the best way to stop the spread of BQ from diseased cattle. Diseased cattle should be isolated.

Fascioliasis is infection with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, which is acquired by eating contaminated watercress or other water plants. Immature flukes migrate through the intestinal wall, the peritoneal cavity, the liver capsule, and the parenchyma of the liver before entering the biliary ducts where they mature to adulthood in about 3 to 4 months.

Milk fever develops due to deficiency of Calcium in serum. Whenever there is less Calcium there is loss of normal body tone and muscles become flaccid. It happens in high producing animals. About 80% of cases occur within one day of calving because milk and colostrum production drain calcium (and other substances) from the blood, and some cows are unable to replace the calcium quickly enough. High producers are more susceptible because the fall in their blood calcium level is greater. Selecting cows for high production may, therefore increase the problem with milk fever. Some individual cow families or breeds (for example, Jerseys) are more susceptible than others. Management of the diet can be a valuable aid preventing milk fever. Cows should be kept on a low calcium diet while they are lactating (dry). This stimulates their calcium regulatory system to keep the blood levels normal by mobilizing the body stores of calcium from the bone. When the demand for calcium increases as calving, calcium can be mobilized much more rapidly from bone than the feed, therefore, prevents milk fever.

All sorghum family plants can cause prussic acid or cyanide poisoning in livestock. These plants contain a secondary compound called dhurrin, which is 15 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination enzymatically converted to toxic prussic acid, also called hydrocyanic acid, in wilting forage. Dangerous wilting can be caused by drought, frost, cutting, trampling, or even just by chewing. Prussic acid poisoning can kill animals quickly. Prussic acid interferes with the ability of blood to carry oxygen, causing animals to quickly die of suffocation.

Bloat is a noninfectious disorder characterized by gaseous distension of the rumen and reticulum observed on the left side of a dairy animal. If the disorder is not treated soon, death can occur. Two common types are legume and feedlot (grain) bloat. Legume or pasture bloat is linked to substances in feed which form stable foam or interfere with nerve reflexes that accompany belching. A lack of coarse forage needed to stimulate eructation, can also contribute to bloat occurrence. Excessive consumption of feed can cause rumen compaction and limit eructation gases. Feed bloat is usually seen in feedlot animals that are on high concentrate diets.

Roundworms are found all year round and live in many sites in the animal, including the eye, lungs, the body cavity, beneath the skin and most commonly, the gastro-intestinal tract. They lay large numbers of eggs, which are usually passed out in the dung of the host animal. In some cases the eggs hatch in the intestine and the larvae are passed out. It is important to understand the life-cycle of the roundworms so as to implement a strategic and effective dosing program. Very simply, roundworms live, usually in the intestine of the animal, where they suck blood, eat tissue or eat the stomach contents thus depriving the animal of nutrients. The female will lay eggs which pass out with the dung. If conditions are right the larvae hatches in a few days, then goes through a series of processes until it reaches a stage where it can infect the animal. In some helminthes, this process involves an intermediary host. The animal becomes infected while grazing, eating food or water contaminated with the larvae or eating the intermediate host, such as a mite. The larvae mature in the intestine and mate. The female lays her eggs in 2 – 4 weeks after infection and begins the cycle again.

Dystocia refers to abnormal or difficult birth. Causes include maternal factors (uterine inertia, inadequate size of birth canal) and/or fetal factors (oversized fetus, abnormal orientation as the fetus enters the birth canal). The condition occurs more commonly in certain breeds. The main causes of obstructed labour include: a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. 16 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Pox diseases are acute viral diseases that affect many animals, including people and birds. Some poxviruses also cause zoonoses. Typically, lesions of the skin and mucosae are widespread and progress from macules to papules, vesicles, and pustules before encrusting and healing. Infection is acquired either by inhalation or through the skin (e.g. Sheep Pox). In certain instances (e.g. FowlPox, SwinePox), the virus is transmitted mechanically by biting arthropods.

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a disease with high morbidity (80-100%) and mortality (60-80%) rates. Classical, acute CCPP is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), originally known as Mycoplasma F38. The disease is characterized by fibrinouspleuropneumonia with increased straw-colored pleural fluid. Close contact among goats is necessary for spread of the disease.

Listeriosis is food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with the Listeria monocytogenes bacterium. It is found in soil, water, plant litter, silage, and even in the goat's digestive tract. The bacteria generally enter the body through the mouth and multiply rapidly. There are two types of Listeriosis: one type results in abortions, while the other causes encephalitis. Both types are seldom seen at the same time in the same herd.

Enterotoxemia, also known as overeating or pulpy kidney disease, is a condition caused by Clostridium perfringens type D. These bacteria are normally found in the soil and as part of the normal microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy sheep and goats. Under specific conditions, these bacteria can rapidly reproduce in the animal’s intestine, producing large quantities of toxins. The epsilon toxin produced by C. perfringens Type D is the most significant toxin in producing the disease. Young animals are most susceptible. Sudden and high mortality rates may occasionally occur in lambs and kids.

17 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Trypanosomiasis (Surra) is an important disease of cattle and buffalo caused by protozoa. It is transmitted mechanically by biting flies. Cattle and buffalo also are reservoir hosts to horses and camels. Blood from infected animal, occasionally meat and milk are the sources of infection. There is severe loss of productivity due to anaemia. Animals under stress are more

susceptible to the disease.

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral disease of birds with a wide range of clinical signs from mild to severe. This disease is caused by a diverse group of viruses. The highly virulent form of Newcastle disease is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide. Chickens are particularly susceptible, and may experience morbidity and mortality rates of up to 100 percent. Healthy chickens are infected when they eat food or drink water contaminated by the droppings from sick chickens. Chickens are also infected by breathing in small airborne droplets that originate from sick chickens and from healthy chickens that carry the virus.

Heat stress is one of those conditions that occur almost every summer. Its impact on livestock varies based on genetic makeup, health status, stage of production and previous exposure to heat. Avoid working, transporting or moving cattle during hot weather. If it's necessary to work or move cattle, do so in the early morning hours only. Change of feeding times from morning to late afternoon would shift the heat produced by fermentation to night time, when the animals are better able to dissipate the heat. If feeding is twice a day then 60-70% of the total ration should be fed in the late afternoon and the rest in the morning. Offer plenty of fresh cool water and shade throughout the hot summer day to avoid summer heat stress.

18 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination DISEASE CONTROLLED ZONES

Bahawalpur Division

Bahawalpur Division covering the districts of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar & Rahim Yar Khan has large animal population. Cholistan is one of the major livestock holding territory in Punjab which is spread over an area of 26000 square kilometers of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar & Rahim Yar khan districts.The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the Division is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Zone.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed and de-ticked. 19 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

During the first year, 77 camels were found positive for trypanosomiasis through laboratory test and were accordingly treated. Capacity building training of 3600 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants of the whole Division was conducted at the onset of the Project. In addition to apprise public electronic (90 radio talks and 1 TV talk) and print (322 activity news in newspaper) media were used. Livestock census was also conducted during carpet vaccination against Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine through imported vaccine.

20 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

This whole campaign of carpet vaccination along with livestock census was well organized on the pattern of polio plan.

21 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

The avid livestock team at Bahawalpur Division kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017 the following number of cases of Notifiable diseases occurred in Disease Controlled Zone of Bahawalpur. External monitors were deputed to check the quality of vaccination.

Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratories of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, and Rahim Yar Khan.

22 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

23 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Attock District

Attock district is located in the north of Punjab province in the Pothohar Plateau. is bordered by Chakwal to its south, Mianwali to its south west, Rawalpindi to its east, Kohat to its west, Nowshera to its north west and Swabi and Haripur to its north. It consists of 6 tehsils that are Attock, Fateh Jang, Hazro, Hassan Abdal, Jand and Pindi Gheb. There are 465 villages in district Attock.The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the District is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Zone.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed and de-ticked.

24 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

During the first year, 247 camels were found positive for trypanosomiasis through laboratory test and were accordingly treated. Capacity building training of 1036 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants of the whole District was conducted at the onset of the Project. In addition to highlight the activities of the Project print media was used 112 times. The avid livestock team at Attock district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, 32 cases of FMD and 2 cases of Enterotoxemia were reported from Disease Controlled Zone of Attock. External monitors were deputed to check the quality of ivermectin coverage. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Attock.

25 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Chakwal District

District Chakwal located in the north of the Punjab province in Pothohar Plateau. Chakwal district is bordered by Khushab to its south, Rawalpindi to its north east, to its east, Mianwali to its west and Attock to its north west. The district of Chakwal, which covers an area of 6,524 km², is subdivided into five tehsils viz. Chakwal, Lawa, Kallar Kahar, Choa Saiden Shah, and Talagang. There are 435 villages in district Chakwal. The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the District is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Zone.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed and de-ticked. 26 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Capacity building training of 145 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants of the whole District was conducted at the onset of the Project. In addition to highlight the activities of the Project print media was used 19 times. The avid livestock team at Chakwal district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease in the District and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. External monitors were deputed to check the quality of Ivermectin-coverage. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Chakwal.

27 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Tribal Area

Tribal Area of D.G. Khan Division stretches over an area of 10350 Sq. Km bordering Dera Ismail Khan District of KPK on Northern side, Kashmore District of Sindh on Southern side and Districts of Barkhan and Mousa Khail of Baluchistan on Western Side. The area serves as a buffer zone between these districts and settled areas of Punjab. The tribal belt is situated on Koh Suleman range of mountains and the terrain is very difficult to access due to the mountainous nature. The difficulty in access has caused serious flaws in service delivery. Due to vast hilly terrain the infiltration of unvaccinated nomadic flocks (called karako in local dialect) from other Provinces into the Tribal Area is not restricted to a few portals. The Tribal Area consists of 394 villages. The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the Tribal Area of Dera Ghazi Khan Division was determined. During baseline study from Tribal Area of District Dera Ghazi Khan 3018 fecal samples were collected from livestock population 91% samples (n=2757) were positive for endo-parasites. Out of these positive cases 56% samples (n=1678) were positive for Nematodes, 15% samples (n=453) positive fortrematodes, 9% samples (n=297) positive for cestodes & 11% samples (n=329) were found positive for coccidiosis. In the same way 3018 skin scraping samples were collected from livestock population. 94% samples (n=293) were positive for were positive for ticks & 6% samples (n=179) were found positive for mange. Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

28 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

During the first year, 254 camels were found positive for trypanosomiasis through laboratory test and were accordingly treated. Capacity building training of 99 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), and Veterinary Assistants of the whole Tribal Area was conducted at the onset of the Project. The avid veterinary teams of D.G. Khan and Rajan Pur districts kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, no case of any Notifiable Disease was reported from Disease Controlled Zone of Tribal Area. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratories of Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajan Pur.

29 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination DISEASE CONTROLLED COMPARTMENTS Rawalpindi Division

Jhelum District In addition to Disease Controlled Zones of Attock and Chakwal, 7 Union Councils of district Rawalpindi and 4 Union Councils of district Jhelum are especially regarded as Disease Controlled Compartments and all the Project interventions. Union Councils Lillah, , Dhanyala, and of district Jhelum are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of DCCs.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed and de-ticked. 30 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Capacity building training of 50 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), and Veterinary Assistants of the Target UCs was conducted at the onset of the Project. The avid veterinary team of kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, one case of FMD was reported from Sanghoi and two from Sohawa. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Jhelum.

31 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Rawalpindi District Union Councils Hothla, Darkali Mamori, Chountra, Sukho, Lehtrar, and Usman Khattar of district Rawalpindi are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed and de-ticked.

32 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Capacity building training of 175 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs), and Veterinary Assistants of the Target UCs was conducted. In addition, to apprise public electronic (6 radio talks) and print (21 activity news in newspaper) media were used. The avid veterinary team of Rawalpindi district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease andflash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, one case of FMD was reported from Lehtrar. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Rawalpindi.

33 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Gujranwala Division

Gujrat District Gujranwala Division covers an area of 17,206 km2, is the largest division of the Punjab province, taking into accounts its area and population. It is comprised of Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sialkot, Narowal, MandiBahauddin, and Hafizabad districts. Langay, Khawas Pur, and Bhag Nagar Union Councils of district Gujrat are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

34 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Deworming, Spray/ Dip/ Dusting, and Vaccination were done in Khawas Pur. The detail of deworming, spray/ dip/ dusting, and vaccination in DCCs is given below:

No case of Notifiable diseases was reported from DCCs of Langay, Khawas Pur, and Bhag Nagar. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Gujrat.

35 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Gujranwala District Union Councils MattoBhaike, SenseraGoraya, Mashrala, and VerpalChatha of district Gujranwala are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

36 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated in DCC SenseraGoraya and other DCCs. The detail of deworming, spray/ dip/ dusting, and vaccination is given below:

Capacity building training of 122 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers and Veterinary Assistants of the Target UCs was conducted at the onset of the Project. The avid veterinary team of Gujranwala district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, 55 cases of FMD was reported from DCC VerpalChattha. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Gujranwala.

37 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Hafizabad District Sagar Kalan and Kot Nakka Union Councils of district Hafizabad are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

The avid veterinary team of Hafizabad district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, 11 cases of FMD was reported from DCC SagarKalan and 9 cases in KotNakka. 38 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Hafizabad.

Mandi Bahauddin District Murala, Barmusa, and Pahrianwali Union Councils of district Mandi Bahauddin are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

39 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated

Capacity building training of 54 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers and Veterinary Assistants of the DCCs was conducted. The avid veterinary team of MandiBahauddin district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, 25 cases of FMD was reported from DCC Barmusa and 3 cases from DCC Murala. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory MandiBahauddin.

40 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Narowal District Bola Bajwa, ChakDoddo, and Bheri Khurd Union Councils of district Narowal are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

41 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

Capacity building training of 143 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants of the DCCs was conducted at the onset of the Project. In addition to apprise public electronic (3 radio talks and 2 TV talk) and print (15 activity news in newspaper) media were used.

42 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination The avid veterinary team of Narowal district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease to flash report its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, no cases of any Notifiable disease was reported from DCCs. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Narowal.

43 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Sargodha Division

Sargodha division consists of Mianwali, Khushab, Bhakkar, and Sargodha Districts. There are 26 DCCs in the Division.

Bhakkar District Dhandla, Angra Daggar, Maibal Sharif, 67/ML, UC# 13 (Chak 205/ TDA), Malana Daggar, Kallur Kot, UC # 41, UC # 42 (Chak No. 63/DB Daily Namdar), and Ghulaman Union Councils of district Bhakkar are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

44 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Livestock and rural poultry populations were de-ticked at DCCs Dhandla, 205/ TDA, and Manhi..The detail of vaccination and deticking in DCCs of Bhakkar district is as under:

Capacity building training of 108 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants of the DCCs was conducted at the onset of the Project. In addition to apprise public electronic (1 radio talk) and print (41 activity news in newspaper) media were used. The avid veterinary team of Bhakkar district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease to flash report its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, 8 cases of FMD, 14 cases of PPR, 16 cases of Enterotoxemia, and 3 cases of sheep pox were reported from DCC Mahni. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Bhakkar.

45 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Khushab District The Uchali, Tilokar, Bandial, JamaliBalochan and LES Khushab are the DDCs in Khushab district. The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

46 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Camels were treated for trypanosomiasis in DCCs Uchali (n = 47) and JamaliBalochan (n = 12). Capacity building training of 108 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants of the DCCs was conducted at the onset of the Project. The avid veterinary team of Khushab district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease to flash report its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, 50 cases of FMD were reported from DCC Uchali. From DCC JamaliBalochan 5 cases of FMD, 2 cases of Enterotoxemia, and one case of CCPP were reported. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Khushab.

47 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Mianwali District The Union Councils Mari, Trag, and Hernoli are the DCCs in district Mianwali. The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

48 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

Four camels were treated for trypanosomiasis in DCC Mari-1. Capacity building training of 33 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants (VAs) of the DCCs was conducted at the onset of the Project. The avid veterinary team of Mianwali district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease to flash report its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, no cases of any Notifiable disease was reported from any DCCs. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Mianwali.

49 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Sargodha District

The Union Councils Dhal, Kot Pehlwan, Ratto Kala, 10 SB, 120 SB, Rahdan, and 103 SB of district Sargodha are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographicdetail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

50 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Fifty eight camels were treated for trypanosomiasis in DCCs.

51 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Capacity building training of 112 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs) and Veterinary Assistants (VAs) of the DCCs was conducted at the onset of the Project.

The avid veterinary team of Sargodha district kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease to flash report its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, 21 cases of FMD were reported from 10-SB (n = 8), KotPehlwan (n = 5), 103/NB (n = 6), and Radhan (n = 2).

Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Sargodha.

52 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Faisalabad Division

Faisalabad division consists of Jhang, Faisalabad, Chiniot, and Toba Tek Singh districts. There are 20 DCCs in the Division.

Chiniot District

Union Councils Hast Khewa, Chak # 125/ JB, and Chak # 203/ JB of district Chiniot are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

53 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Detail of Deworming in DCCs of Chiniot District during 2016-17

Detail of De-tick Spray in DCCs of Chiniot District during 2016-17

Vaccination in DCCs of Chiniot District during 2016-17

Capacity building training of 2628 Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants was conducted. In addition to apprise public of the public good objectives of the Project, 6 radio talks were used. All the human and material resources available with the Livestock Department were utilized to achieve the objectives of the Project. The avid livestock team at District Chiniot kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017 no case of any Notifiable disease occurred in Disease Controlled Compartments of Chiniot. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Chiniot.

54 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Faisalabad District The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

55 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated. Detail of Deworming in DCCs of Faisalabad District during 2016-17

Detail of Spray/ Dipping/ Dusting in DCCs of Faisalabad District during 2016-17

56 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Detail of Vaccination in DCCs of Faisalabad District during 2016-17

During the first year, 12 camels were found positive for trypanosomiasis through laboratory test and were accordingly treated. Capacity building training of 3600 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants was conducted. In addition to apprise public 21 radio talks were used. All the human and material resources available with the Livestock Department were utilized to achieve the objectives of the Project. The avid livestock team at District Faisalabad kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, 17 cases of FMD occurred in DCC Rasool Pur, one case in DCC 208/RB, three cases in DCC KalarWala, four cases in DCC 217/RB (dairy colony), and five case in DCC 225/ RB (dairy colony). Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Faisalabad.

57 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Jhang District

Union Councils 18-Hazari, Shah Jewana, 17-Gagh, and Hazrat Sultan Bahoo of district Jhang are especially maintained as Disease

Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed.

58 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Detail of Deworming in DCCs of Jhang District during 2016-17

Detail of De-tick Spray in DCCs of Jhang District during 2016-17

Detail of Vaccination in DCCs of Jhang District during 2016-17

Capacity building training of 953 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants was conducted. In addition to apprise public electronic (3 radio talks and 2 TV talk) and print (25 activity news in newspapers) media were used. All the human and material resources available with the Livestock Department were utilized to achieve the objectives of the Project.

59 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination The avid livestock team at District Jhang kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, two cases of HS, 17 cases of FMD, 2 cases of PPR, 16 cases of Enterotoxemia, and 5 cases of CCPP were reported from DCC Shah Jewana. Similarly, 53 cases of PPR were reported from DCC 18-Hazari. Occurrence of blood parasites was also found during baseline survey of DCCs. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Jhang.

60 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Toba Tek Singh District

Union Councils 363/JB, 290/JB, 751/GB, and Baroon Kamalia of district Toba Tek Singh are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated. Detail of Deworming in DCCs of T. T. Singh District during 2016-17

61 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Capacity building training of 349 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants was conducted. In addition to apprise public electronic (1 TV talk) and print (5 activity news in newspaper) media were used. All the human and material resources available with the Livestock Department were utilized to achieve the objectives of the Project. The avid livestock team at District Toba Tek Singh kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, one case of FMD was reported from DCC 363/JB. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Toba Tek Singh.

62 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Lahore Division Kasur District Union Councils Wanadhan, Bherwal, Cheena Arla, Chatian Wala, Chak 18, and Bhopewal of district Kasur are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detailof the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated. The avid livestock team at District Kasur kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, eleven cases of FMD and nine cases of PPR were reported from DCCs. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Kasur.

63 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Lahore District

Union Councils Siddiqia Colony, Sultan Key, Araian, Burkey, Manawan, Harpanspura, and RakhChandrai of district Lahore are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

64 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

65 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Capacity building training of 183 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants was conducted. In addition to apprise public of Project interventions, 6 activity news in newspaper appeared. All the human and material resources available with the Livestock Department were utilized to achieve the objectives of the Project. The avid livestock team at District Lahore kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, two cases of FMD were reported from DCC Manwan (UC-178). Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through 3 Mobile Veterinary Laboratories of Lahore.

66 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Nankana District

Union Councils Pandoria, Rasool Pur Araian, and machrala of district Nankana are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

67 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Capacity building training of 96 Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs), Women Livestock Extension Workers (WLEWs), Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants was conducted. In addition to apprise public about project interventions 45 activity news in newspapers appeared. The avid livestock team at District Nankana kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, twelve cases of FMD were reported form DCC Machrala and three cases of FMD from DCC Pandorian. Regular surveillance of DDCs was done through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Nankana.

68 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination Sheikhupura District Union Councils Nawan Pind, Ghang, Ahdian, Kot Pindi Das, and Faizpur Kalan of district Sheikhupura are especially maintained as Disease Controlled Compartments (DCCs). The demographic detail of the livestock and rural poultry populations of the DCCs is given in the table below:

The baseline survey was conducted at the onset to have a comparison for assessing the net effect of the Project interventions towards the establishment of Disease Controlled Compartments.

Livestock and rural poultry populations were dewormed, de-ticked, and vaccinated.

69 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

Capacity building training of 180 Village Veterinary Workers (VVWs) and Veterinary Assistants was conducted. The avid livestock team at District Sheikhupura kept a vigilant eye on the occurrence of any Notifiable disease and flash reported its occurrence for immediate remedial actions. During July 2016 – June 2017, four cases of HS, seven cases of FMD, and three cases of CCPP occurred in DCC KotPindi Das. Similarly, one case of FMD occurred in DCC Ahdian. Virtual monitoring was done through 9211 system of virtual governance and regular surveillance through Mobile Veterinary Laboratory Sheikhupura.

70 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination PICTURES

GALLARY

71 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination

72 Enhancement of Livestock Production and Productivity through Strategic Deworming and Vaccination