The family (: ) in the Sydney metropolitan area and adjacent coast

Patty Jansen Tarthost 1109, 6708 JL Wageningen, the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Twenty-five species of Trochidae from the Sydney metropolitan area are discussed here: Herpetopoma aspersa (Philippi, 1846), Vaceuchelus ampullus (Tale, 1893), imbrlcata (Lamarck, 1822), Cla~CUlus(Euriclanculus) brunneus A. Adams, 1853. Clancuius (Euriclanculus) floridus Philippi, 1848, (Euclanculus) clanguius (Wood, 1828). Clancuius (Mesoclancuius) plebejus Philippi, 1851, Clancuius (isoclanculus) undatoides T. Woods. 1879, Clanculus Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 (Macroclancuius) maugeri Wood, 1828, concamerata (Wood, 1828). Austrocochlea constricts (Lamarck, 1822), bicarinata (A. Adams, 1854). strangei (A. Adams, 1853), picturata (A. Adams and Angas, 1864), patuia (A. Adams and Angas, 1863). Phasianofrochus eximius (Perry, 181 1). Odontotrochus indistinctus (Wood, 1828), Gena lmperiusa (Burrow, 1815). Cailiostorna (Fautor) cornptum A. Adams, 1854, Astelena scifuia (A. Adams, 1855), Ethminoiia probabilis lredale, 1924, Talopena gloriola iredale, 1929, callifera (Lamarck, 1822), fasciata (Menke, 1830) and Leiopyrga lineolaris (Gould, 1861). The use of the name Odontotrochus indistinctus for the species formerly referred to as marginata T. Woods, 1879 or T. comtessei lredale, 1931 is new.

INTRODUCTION where shells could be Cound, the sites were classified as exposed, sheltered ocean, or The Sydney metropolitan area has a varied estuarine shores. This was done subjectively, coastline composed of many habitats. A great on the basis of exposure to surf. Exposed ocean variety of marine molluscs have been described shores were those receiving the lull force of from this area. The latest checklist of marine surf; sheltered ocean beaches were those pro- molluscs of New South Wales (Iredale and tected from the surf, but are situated on the McMichael 1962) records 2 063 species, includ- open ocean; and estuarine shores were those ing 54 species of Trochidae. However, for well within bays and exposed to minimal surf. today's shell-enthusiasts, it is very hard to identify shells found in the Sydney area as the The classification and number of times col- available popular literature is grossly lecting sites were visited are shown in Table 1; inadequate; a reference book on marine Figs 1 and 2 show the location of the collecting molluscs of the Sydney area, especially the sites. smaller ones, is yet to be published. One Collecting was mainly carried out on family, where this is evident, is the Trochidae. beaches. It was considered undesirable to Many species that can commonly be found on collect live as this survey did not beaches or intertidal rock Hats have been include studies of the animals themselves. omitted from recent popular literature and, in Sometimes, live shells were included in the order to identify them, it may be necessary to survey results, and this is indicated by the go back to the original descriptions. The aim phrase "observed live". of this article is to identify and describe 25 The identification of shells was made with species of Trochidae that can be found on the aid of publications by Wilson and Gillett beaches or intertidally in the Sydney (1985), Macpherson and Gabriel (1962), metropolitan area and adjacent coasts, and to Hinton (1981), May (1923), Short and Potter describe the habitats in which they are likely to (1987), or literature containing original be found. descriptions of shells, and by comparing shells with those held in the collection of the Aust- METHODS ralian Museum. The arrangement of the species in subfamilies follows Hlckman and The shells were collected between June 1988 McLean (1990). The genera Vaceuchelw, Eu9- and July 1991. A range of locations in different trochw, Astelena, the subgenus Fautor and the habitats were visited. Some collecting sites were subgenera of Clanculw were not specified by visited only once, while repeated visits were these authors. They have, however, been made to others. To identify the type of habitats

Australian Zoologist. Vol. 29(1-2) 49 Table I. Collecting sites in the Sydney metropolitan area and adjacent coasts. habitats and the number of times each site was virired.

Abbreviation and Number of Location fieure No. Habitat times visited

Airport es~uarinelsandy Bulli exposed oceanlrocky Bradley's Head esruarinelrocky Callala Bay rhelrered oceanlrockr~ Clavelly exposed oceanlrocky Cronulla - exposed oceanlsandy Cronulla's Shelly Beach CSB exposed oceanlrocky Dee Why DW exposed oceanlsandyirocky Dolls Point DP estuarinelsandy Foreshore Road FR csruarinelsandy Huskisson sheltered oceadrocky K sheltered aceadrocky to estuarinelsandy Kurnell Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 -~~- LP sheltered oceanlrockv Long Reef LR Manly's Shelly Beach MSB M Narrabeen NB exposed oceanlrocky Newcastle Town Beach NTB exposed oceanirocky Newport NP exposed oceanlrocky Norah Head NH exposed oceanlrocky Pretty Beach PB eatuarinelsandy Shellharbour SH sheltered oceadrocky Yarra Rav YB estuarinrlsandv accepted as valid by Cunningham-Vaught Colour light brown or pink with numerous (1989) and were used in accordance with the irregular red or brown spots. Inside iridescent. arrangement of the species in the collection of Locations: Newcastle Town Beach, Norah the Australian Museum. Head, Manly's Shelly Beach, Kurnell, Shell- Illustrations of the species were provided harbour. when they were not illustrated in Wilson and Habitat and distribution: This species was Gillett (1979), Hinton (1981), Macpherson and observed live intertidally under stones on Gabriel (1962), Short and Potter (1987), or exposed and sheltered rocky shores. The shell when it was thought that identification would is extremely common on beaches. It occurs be facilitated if an illustration of the shell was from southern to Northern provided. Comments on the habitat and New South Wales including . distribution of species were based on the author's observations. All shells are currently Reference: Wilson and Gillett (19853, p. 38. held by the author. Vacacchelus ampullus (Tate, 1893). (Plate 1, fig. 5) Collecting results This is closely related to the previous species, Subfamily Eucyclinae but it is relatively unknown. Herpelopoma mpersa (Philippi, 1846). Largest diameter up to 10 mm; height and width about equal. of medium height. This is a well-known species. Greatest diameter ~~~thoccupying one half of the total length of shell UP to 15 mm, but mostly smaller; of the shell; mouth almost circular. height and width about equal. Whorls on the body consisting of seven spiral rounded; mouth almost circular, occupying ribs. the to^ four of which are stronp and a half the length of the shell. Sculpture cinsist- Drokinent. ;he last three are on the base of the ing of fine spiral ribs, about 15~0x1the body shell and 'less pronounced. These ribs are whorl, depending on the size of the shell. The crossed by longitudinal ribs, which are most ribs have a rough appearance and are crossed prominent in the interstices between the spiral by fine growth lines. The ribs are usually as ribs. Outer and smooth, no wide as the interstices between them. Outer lip presgnt. crenulated; inside of the shell ribbed. Columella smooth except for a small tooth Colour off-white to pink. The spiral ribs bear near the base of the shell; no umbilicus irregular red spots. present. Locations: Norah Head, Narrabeen.

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Fig. I (left). Collecting sires in the Sydncy tnetlapolitan area. See Table 1 for abbreviations.

Fig. 2. (aboue). collect in^ sites nonh and south of the Sydney metropolitan area. See Table 1 for abbreviations.

Habitat and distribution: This species was wide, but mostly smaller, height seldom found only on rocky ocean shores. It seems exceeding 10 mm. Spire flat; mouth occupying that it is rare as a total of only three specimens two thirds of the total shell length. Mouth wide were found; live animals were not observed. It and almost circular when observed from the occurs in southern Western Australia, New underside of the shell. Sculpture consisting of South Wales and Queensland; the Australian many fine spiral cords, mostly wider than the Museum does not have any specimens from interstices between them, crossed by longitudinal Victoria. ribs, forming small scales on the spiral cords. Reference: Tare (1893). Outer lip crenulated; columella smooth and curved; no umbilicus present. Inside of the Granala imbrzcata (Lamarck, 1822) shell ribbed. There has been some confusion as to where Colour off-white to light brown, with brown this species should be placed, although a spots on the spiral ribs. Inside iridescent. number of authors have placed it in the Locations: Newport, Manly's Shelly Beach, Slommtella in the subfamily Stomalellznae. Recent Kurnell. publications, however, have put it in the genus Habitat and distribution: Shells are common Granala (Hickman and McLean 1990). The on rocky ocean beaches. The lives shells in this genus differ from those in intertidally on rocky exposed and sheltered Slomatella by being less elongated and by having ocean shores. Animals were observed on hard a prominent sculpture. Shell up to 50 mm suhstrate under stones at Nervport and 1.ong

Australian Zoologist, Voi. 29(1-2) 51 Reef. The animal is white and possesses straight to convex. Sculpture consisting of numerous tentacles around the edges of the regular spiral rows of nodules, continuing, but mantle. The animal has a small, horny becoming smaller on the base of the shell. . The species occurs from southern Outer lip sharp, lirate within, bearing one Western Australia to New South Wales. tooth near the . Columella straight, bear- ing one prominent bifid tooth. Umbilicus wide Reference: Macpherson and Gabriel (1962), and deep. p. 55 (as imbricala). Colour pink or light brown, with a pattern of darker botches especially below the suture Subfamily Trochinae of the body whorl. Columella and area around Tribe Trochini the umbilicus white. Inside iridescent. Clanculw (Euriclanculus) brunnm A. Adams, Locations: Newport, Narraheen, Bradley's Head, Kurnell.

1853. (Plate 3, fig. 1) Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 Shell medium-sized, greatest diameter 16 Habitat and distribution: This species is not mm, width greater than height. Mouth trian- uncommon on rocky exposed and sheltered ocean beaches. The animal lives under stones gular, occupying two-fifths of the total shell height. Spire of medium height; spire whorls intertidally. It occurs in eastern Victoria and flat; sutures only slightly indented or impressed. New South Wales. Sides of spire straight. Sculpture consisting of Reference: Allan (1950), p. 60. irregular spiral rows of nodules, wider than the interstices between them. The body whorl has a prominent and sharp keel. Outer lip sharp, Clnnculw (Euclanculus) clangulw (Wood, 1828) lirate within. The columella is straight and (Plate 3, fig. 3) bears one bifid tooth. Umbilicus wide and deep. Shell medium-sized, greatest diameter up to 15 mm, width greater than height. Mouth Colour mostly a dirty brown, but sometimes triangular, occupying two-fifths of the total red or pink. Mottled with blotches of dark shell height. Spire high; spire whorls rounded; brown, black or dark red. The base of the shell sutures impressed; sides of spire straight to usually has a lighter colour and is irregularly slightly concave. Sculpture consisting of spotted with brown, red or pink. Apex narrow spiral cords, seven to eight 011 the body frequently green, especially in worn whorl, whlch bear small nodules. The specimens. interstices between the cords are wider than Locations: Manly's Shelly Beach, Kurnell, the cords themselves close to the suture, the Callala Bay. cord? hecoming more crowded toward the widest point of the shell. The base is covered Habitat and distribution: This species is with spiral cords, closely packed together. reasonably common on rocky exposed and Outer lip sharp, lirate within and bearing one sheltered ocean shores. The animal lives inter- tooth close to the suture. Columella bearing a tidally under stones. It occurs in New South prominent bifid tooth near the hase of the M'ales. The Australian Museum has one worn shell. Umbilicus wide and deep. specimen from Fitzroy Island, Queensland; this record needs further investigation. Colour dark gTeen to olive brown, mottled with red. The hase of the shell is often much This species is often confused with C. lighter in colour and bears numerous small red limbatw Quoy and Gaimard, 1834. However, spots. Columella and area near umbilicus the latter does not occur in the Sydney area, white. Inside iridescent. but is common in Victoria, and Western Australia. Locations: Norah Head, Manly's Shelly Beach, Kurnell. Reference: Adams (1851). Habitat and distribution: This species is not Clanculw (Euriclanculwjjo~idwPhilippi, uncommon on exposed and sheltered rocky 1848. (Plate 3, fig. 2) beaches. Shell medium-sized, greatest diameter up to The animal lives under stones intertidally 13 mm, shell width greater than height. Mouth and subtidally. This species occurs in New triangular, occupying one half of the total shell South Wales and southel-11 Queensland. height. Spire of medium height; spire whorls rounded; sutures impressed. Sides of spire Reference: Wilson and Gillett (1985), p. 40.

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Ptnte 1. I . Cantharidelta picturata A. Adams and Angas, I864; 2- Eurytrochus strangei A. Adams, 1853; J. Leiopyrga lineolaris Gould, 186l 4. Odontotrochusindistinctus Wood, 1828; 5. Vaceuchelusampullus Tate, 1893.

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Plate 2. 1. probabilis Iredale, 1924; 2. (Fautor) comptus A Adams, 1854; J. TaLopenaglorioLa lredale, 1929; 4. Fossarinapatula A. Adams and Angas, 1864.

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Plate 3. 1. Clanculus (Euriclanculus) brunnueus A Adams, 1853; 2. Clanculus (Euriclanculus) forjdzrs Philippi, 1843; 3. Clanculus (Euclanculus) clangulu Wood, 1828; 4. Clanculus (Mesoclancuhu) plebejus Ph'llippi, lB51; 5. Clanculus (IsoclancuLus) und,atoidesT. Woods, 1879.

August1993 AustralianZoologist, Vol. 29(1-2) 55 Clanculw ~Mesoclanculw)plebq'w Philippi, Habitat and dismbution: This species 1851. (Plate 3, fig. 4) appears to live in bays in sandy habitats. It was Shell small to medium-sized, largest diameter not found anywhere but in a small area in 10 mm, width greater than height. Mouth Botany Bay and does not appear to be circular, occupying two-fifths of the total shell common. Live animals were not observed. The height. Spire low; spire whorls rounded; species occurs from eastern Victoria to mid sutures indented. Sculpture consisting of New South Wales. strong spiral cords, four to five on the body This species has a close resemblance to whorl. They are often arranged in the follow- C. aloysii T. Woods, 1879 from Victoria, which ing way: from the suture down, there are two has been synonimized with C. philippi Koch, spiral cords closely together, then there is a 1843 from South Australia by Cotton and God- wide space, then a strong single cord, followed frey (1934). Although C. philippi has a much by another wide space and two cords together darker colour and rougher sculpture than C. at the widest point of the body whorl. The base

aloysii and C. undatoides, it appears that they Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 of the shell is relatively smooth except for some may be extremes in a range within one species. weak spiral grooves. Outer lip thickened, This remains yet to be investigated. weakly lirate within. Columella straight, bear- ing a very small and insignificant tooth. Reference: T. Woods (1879) Umbilicus wide, but filled with callus. Clanculw (Macroclanculw) maugeri Colour brown, mottled with black, white and Wood, 1828. pink, columella and area around umbilicus white, inside iridescent. This species does not Shell large for genus, largest diameter 25 mm, have the green colouring near the apex and shell height and width equal. Mouth rect- columella, which is a characteristic of Eury- angular, occupying one third of the total shell trochw strangei, with which it can easily be con- height. Spire high; spire whorls flatly rounded; fused. sutures impressed. Base of the shell flat; body whorl strongly keeled. Sides of spire straight, Locations: Huskisson, Callala Bay. but tending to be convex near the base of the Habitat and distribution: The animal lives shell and concave near the apex. Sculpture under intertidal stones on sheltered ocean consisting of spiral rows of nodules, which are shores. The shell was not found in the Sydney wider than the interstices between them. Outer metropolitan area, but becomes more common lip sharp, lirate within. Columella crenulated, in the south. The Australian Museum has bearing one tooth near the base of the shell. about 50 specimens from Boat Harbour, near Umbilicus wide but shallow. Cronulla. The species occurs in South Aust- Colour reddish brown, mottled with small ralia to mid New South Wales, including white spots. Apex mostly green. Columella and Tasmania. area around umbilicus white. Inside iridescent. Reference: May (1923). Locations: Manly's Shelly Beach, Kurnell. Habitat and distribution: This species lives Clanculw (Isoclanculw) ululatoides subtidally on rocky ocean shores. Specimens T. Woods, 1879. (Plate 3, fig. 5) are not uncommon on beaches. Live animals Shell medium-sized, greatest diameter 12 mm, were not observed. This species occurs in height and width equal. Mouth square, occupy- eastern South Australia to New South Wales, ing two-fifths of the total shell height. Spire including Tasmania. high; spire whorls flat; sutures indented. Reference: Wilson and Gillett (1985), p. 40. Sculpture consisting of fine cords bearing small nodules, which are wider than the interstices Tribe Gibbulini between them. The body whorl has a prominent keel marked by a broad rib giving the shell an Awhocochlea concammata (Wood, 1828). angulated appearance. Outer lip sharp, lirate Shell heavy and thick-walled, largest diameter within. Columella slightly reflected, bearing a up to 27 mm; height and width about equal. small tooth. Umbilicus narrow and very shallow. Spire of medium height; mouth occupying about one half of the total length of the shell. Colour purple, sometimes mottled with Sculpture consisting of broad spiral ribs, which white. The keel on the body whorl has alternat- are wider than the interstices between them. ing white and purple spots. Inside iridescent. Outer lip sharp and smooth. Colurnella smooth Locations: Yarra Bay, Foreshore Road, Air- except for a small tooth near the base of the port. shell; no umbilicus present.

56 Australian Zoologist, Voi. z~(T-2) Colour black, the spiral ribs bear small seems to inhabit sandy bays. The specimens yellow, often triangular spots. Inside white. from Narrabeen may have come from the nearby sandy lagoon (see Fig. 1). No live Locations: Manly's Shelly Beach, Shell- animals were observed. This species occurs harbour. from southern Western Australia to New Habitat and distribution: On intertidal rocks South Wales, including Tasmania. in sheltered bays. Not common in the Sydney Reference: Macphersou and Gabriel (1962), metropolitan area, but becoming more p. 61 (as coxi Angas, 1867). common to the south. It occurs from southern Western Australia to mid New South Wales, Eulytrochw strangei (A. Adams, 1853). including Tasmania. (Plate 1, fig. 2) Reference: Macpherson and Gabriel (1962), Shell small, but solid, largest diameter up to p. 69. 10 mm; height and width about equal. Mouth round, occupying up to half of the total Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 Awtrocochlea comtricta (Lamarck, 1822). shell height. Spire whorls rounded, sutures Shell heavy and thick-walled, not unlike the impressed. Sculpture consisting of four to five previous species, but higher spired and often prominent ribs, much narrower than the much more eroded. Largest diameter up to interstices between them. Base of the body 30 mm; height greater than width. When not whorl distantly ribbed. Outer lip sharp, eroded, a sculpture of broad spiral cords is denticulate within; columella smooth and visible. The cords are irregularly placed, but slightly reflected. Umbilicus narrow but deep. are usually most prominent around the widest Colour dark olive brown mottled with black point of the shell. The surface of the shell is and white. The base is covered in pink lines, rough, often marked by mended breaks and which are most prominent near the umbilicus, growth lines. Outer lip sharp, inside denticu- where the background is white. Apex and late; columella smooth except for a small tooth, columella often tinted green. Inside iridescent. reduced to an insignificant knob; no umbilicus present. Inside of the shell strongly spirally Locations: Norah Head, Bradley's Head, ribbed. Foreshore Rd, Kurnell. Colour dark purple to black, marked with Habitat and distribution: This species is bands of dirty white. Inside white. common intertidally under stones on ocean shores and bays and can be found together Locations: Manly's Shelly Beach, .4irport, with Cantharidella picturata. It occurs in eastern Kurnell, Cronulla's Shelly Beach. Victoria and New South Wales. Habitat and distribution: Extremely Reference: Macpherson and Gabriel (1962), common. The animal lives on exposed rocks p. 62. on intertidal rock flats on both ocean shores and estuarine habitats. It occurs from southern Cantharidella picturata (A. Adams and Angas, Western Australia to mid-Queensland includ- 1864). (Plate 1, fig. 1) ing Tasmania. Shell small, largest diameter up to 8 mm; Reference: Wilson and Gillett (1985), p. 36. height and width about equal. Mouth square, occupying one half of the height of the shell. ATotogibbula bicannata (A. Adams, 1854). Spire whorls flat, sutures barely impressed. Shell solid, greatest diameter 10 mm, height Sides of spire convex; apex blunt. Shell smooth and width about equal. Mouth square, occupy- apart from two ribs which run along the keel ing one half of the total shell height. Whorls of the body whorl. Outer lip sharp; columella strongly shouldered and keeled, giving the smooth; umbilicus narrow but deep. shell a square appearance. Shell surface Colour red or brown patterns on a white smooth, but not polished. Outer lip and background. Columella white. columella smooth; umbilicus narrow but deep. This species is often confused with Eu9- Colour a delicate pink with dark purple or trochw strangei, from which it can be separated brown markings. Sometimes there is a pattern by its smoother and flatter whorls, blunter apex of darker pink zig-zag lines. and more reddish colours. Locations: Narrabeen, Yarra Bay Locations: Newcastle Town Beach, Kurnell, Habitat and distribution: Uncertain, as only Norah Head, Narrabeen, Manly's Shelly a few specimens were found, but the species Beach.

Australian Zoologist, Vol. 29(1-2) 57 Habitat and distrihution: This species is Locations: Newcastle Town Beach, Norah common under intertidal stones on rock flats Head, Narrabeen, Manly's Shelly Beach, on exposed and sheltered ocean shores, where Bradley's Head, Clovelly, Kurnell, Cronulla's it can he found together with Eurytrochw Shelly Beach, Bulli. strangei. It is common in shell grit on beaches. Habitat and distribution: This species lives This species occurs in eastern Victoria and on seaweed below the low-tide mark on rocky New South Wales. ocean shores. It is common on beaches. It Reference: Macpherson and Gabriel (1962), occurs from southern Western Australia to p. 62. southern Queensland including Tasmania. Reference: Wilson and Gillett (1985), p. 38. Fossarina patula (A. Adams and Angas, 1863). (Plate 2, fig.4) Odontotrochw indinstinctw (Wood, 1828) (Plate 1, fig. 4) Shell small, greatest diameter 5 mm; shell Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 width greater than height. Mouth large and Much confusion has existed over the names circular, occupying two-thirds of the total shell used for this common Sydney shell. Thalotia height. Spire short, spire whorls rounded. mnrginata T. Woods, 1879 and T. comtessei Shell usually eroded, hut otherwise smooth, Iredale, 1931 are those that are currently used. but not polished. Outer lip sharp; columella However, recent investigations (W. F. Ponder, smooth. Umbilicus narrow. pers. comm.) have shown that these names were preceded by Wood's name. Although Colour off-white to yellow, irregularly Wood's holotype cannot he determined with mottled with bands or spots of chocolate certainty, there are five specimens of this brown, which also appear on the inside of the species in the British Museum of Natural shell. Columella white. History labelled Trochw idiitinctw, which Dr Locations: Norah Head, Narraheen, La Ponder has designated as possible types. It is Perouse, Kurnell. hoped that this will resolve the confusion. Habitat and distribution: In shell grit on Shell solid and conical, greatest diameter up rocky exposed and sheltered ocean beaches, to 25 mm, height greater than width. Mouth not common. No live animals were found. The square, occupying up to one third of the total species occurs in New South Wales. shell height. Spire high, spire whorls flat, in mature specimens the sutures are indented, Reference: Adams and Angas (1863). because each whorl starts below the widest point of the previous whorl. Sculpture consist- Tribe Cantharidini ing of spiral threads of rounded nodules, Phasianotrochw eximiw (Perry, 1811 .) which are closer together at the widest point of the whorls and the base of the hody whorl than A well-known southern Australian species, closer to the sutures. Outer lip sharp, inside largest diameter up to 40 mm, but Sydney smooth. Columella smooth except for one specimens seldom reach this size; height of insignificant tooth near the base of the shell. shell greater than width. High-spired; mouth No umbilicus present. occupying about one third of the total height of the shell, mouth teardrop-shaped. Spire Colour grey, mottled with dark purple or red whorls flatly rounded; sutures slightly and white spots. Inside iridescent. impressed. Sculpture almost non-existent in Locations: Pretty Beach, Foreshore Road, some specimens, others hear thin spiral Kurnell. grooves, up to ten on the hody whorl. Shell highly polished. Outer lip thick and rounded Habitat: Lives in sheltered, sandy hays. Live in mature specimens; inside of outer lip animals are often washed ashore after storms. smooth. Columella smooth except for one It occurs from eastern Victoria to mid Queens- tooth near the base of the shell; no umbilicus land. present. Reference: Iredale (1931), Short and Potter Colour mostly a rich olive or reddish brown. (1987). The presence of the spiral grooves is marked by a thin lighter coloured bands. Smooth Subfamily specimens have only the spiral bands. Some Gena impertusa (Burrow, 1815). have a pattern of mottled white, especially on earlier whorls. The inside is vivid iridescent Shell ear-shaped, thin, greatest diameter blue. 13 mm; width much greater than height.

58 Australian Zoologist, Vo1. 29(1-2) Mouth occupying most of the underside of the spire whorls flatly rounded, sutures impressed. shell, spire barely elevated. Sculpture consisting Sides of spire concave. Sculpture consisting of of very fine spiral grooves crossed by growth many fine spiral cords, which are irregular. A lines. The columella and outer lip join each more prominent cord usually exists at the other uninterrupted; no umbilicus present. widest point of the body whorl. Outer lip sharp; columella smooth; umbilicus narrow. Colour delicate and varied. Mostly dark brown or green with an irregular or spiral Colour light brown, mottled with red, apex pattern of lighter coloured lines, which are often dark purple. The base of the shell often white, pink, red or purple. Inside bluish is usually much more uniformly coloured, iridescent. bearing only thin bands of red spots. Inside Locations: Dee Why, Maroubra, Kurnell, iridescent. Cronulla's Shelly Beach. Locations: La Perouse, Kurnell, Callala Bay.

Habitat and distribution: On the underside Habitat and distribution: This species is not Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 of rocks on rocky exposed and sheltered ocean common. The animal can be found under shores. The animal of this species is very active, stones intertidally and subtidally on rocky when a stone is turned, it immediately starts to sheltered ocean shores. It occurs in Victoria, crawl to the unexposed side of the stone at New South Wales and southern Queensland. great speed. When disturbed it sheds part of its foot. The species occurs from New South Reference: Macpherson and Gabriel (1962), Wales south to Victoria and Tasmania. S. p. 61. auricula Lamarck, 1816 from Victoria to Western Australia is possibly a synonym. Subfamily Umboniinae Reference: Macpherson and Gabriel (1962), p. 74. Tribe Monileini ~thminolthprobaba1i.s Iredale, 1924 Subfamily (Plate 2, fig. 1) Calliostoma (Fautor) comptum A. Adams, 1854. Shell small, largest diameter 8 mm, width (Plate 2, fig. 2) greater than height. Mouth small, circular, Shell small, greatest diameter up to 6 mm; occupying half of the total shell height. Spire shell height greater than width. Mouth square, flat; spire whorls strongly shouldered; sutures about one third of the total shell height. Spire indented. Sides of spire straight. Sculpture high; spire whorls flat; sutures impressed; sides consisting of fine growth lines. Outer lip sharp; of spire straight. Body whorl strongly keeled. columella curved. Umbilicus wide and deep. Sculpture consisting of four spiral cords bear- ing small nodules. Base of the shell with very Colour a dirty white mottled with pink fine spiral lines. Outer lip sharp; columella Locations: Foreshore Road, Dolls Point, straight and smooth, no umbilicus present. Habitat and distribution: This species seems Colour light brown. The spiral cord closest to live in sandy estuarine habitats. No live to the widest point of each whorl bears animals were observed. It occurs in New South alternating white and pink spots. The apex is Wales. often purple. Calliostoma pLrplreocinctum Hedley, 1894 is a synonym. Reference: Iredale (1929) Locations: Norah Head, Newport, Kurnell. Talopeua gloriola Iredale, 1929. (Plate 2, fig. 3) Habitat and distribution: This species can he Shell small to medium-sized, largest diameter found in shell grit on rocky exposed and 10 mm, width greater than height. Mouth sheltered ocean shores. It does not appear to circular, occupying two-fifths of the total shell be common and no live animals were observed. height. Spire of medium height; spire whorls This species occurs from Victoria to mid New rounded and slightly shouldered; sutures South Wales. impressed. Sides of spire straight. Sculpture Reference: Adams (1854). consisting of many weak spiral ribs. Outer lip sharp; columella smooth; umbilicus narrow Astelena scitula (A. Adams, 1855) but deep. Shell medium-sized, greatest diameter 15 mm, Colour a dirty hrown, with irregular mark- height and width equal. Mouth circular, occupy- ings of darker brown; area around umbilicus ing two-fifths of the total shell height. Spire high, white.

Australian Zoologist, Vol. 29(1-2) 59 Locations: Bradley's Head, Foreshore Road, animals were not observed. This species occurs Dolls Point, Yarra Bay. from South Australia to New South Wales, including Tasmania. Habitat and distribution: In estuarine habitats, both sandy and rocky. Live animals Reference: Wilson and Gillett (1985), p. 40. were not observed. The species occurs in New South Wales. Leiopyga lineolarir (Gould, 1861). Reference: Iredale (1929) (Plate 1, fig. 3) This is similar to the previous species, from Mnika callifera (Lamarck, 1822). which it can be separated by its broader Shell heavy and solid, medium to large-sized, appearance, rounder whorls and smaller greatest diameter 25 mm, width greater than size. Shell height greater than width, largest height. Mouth circular, occupying up to one diameter up to 15 mm. Mouth less elongate and rounder than in the previous species, half of the total shell height. Spire of low to Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 medium height, spire whorls flatly rounded, occupying one third or less of the total shell sutures impressed. Sides of spire straight. height. Spire whorls rounded, sutures impressed. Sculpture consisting of numerous double spiral Shell smooth, but less polished than in B. ribs, crossed by fine growth lines. Outer lip fasciata. Some shells have a single spiral rib just sharp, crenulated, columella bearing a single above the sutures. Outer lip thin and often tooth formed by a spiral groove around the damaged in beach specimens, columella umbilicus. Umbilicus wide and deep, some- smooth and covered with a thin callus, which times partially obscured by callus. often just reveals a narrow umbilicus. Colour a dirty white, mottled with pink or Colour mostly white with patterns of pink purple. Inside iridescent. and brown lines, which often have a smudged appearance. Some specimens have a uniform Locations: Airport, Foreshore ~oad,Yarra dark purple colour. Bay, Kurnell. Locations: Narrabeen, Airport, Dolls Point, Habitat: This shell was only found on the Cronulla's Shelly Beach, Bulli. beaches around Botany Bay, where dredging was in progress. It appears that M. callifma no Habitat and distribution: Mostly sandy ocean longer lives in the Sydney area (D. Beechey, and estuarine beaches. The species does not pers. comm.). It is a common species through- appear to be common, live animals were not out the Indo-Pacific and in Australia it occurs observed. The species occurs in eastern from southern Western Australia to New Victoria and New South Wales. South Wales. Reference: Macpherson and Gabriel (1962), Reference: Wilson and Gillett (1985), p. 39. p. 67.

Tribe Bankiuiini ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bankiuia fasciata (Menke, 1830). I wish to thank Ian Loch and Phil Colman for allowing me access to the Australian Shell thin and high spired, largest diameter Museum collection and providing assistance in up to 25 mm; height much greater than width. identifying some of the shells, and Des Mouth elongate, somewhat teardrop-shaped, Beechey for reading the manuscript. occupying about one fourth of the height of the shell. Spire whorls flat, sutures barely impressed. Shell smooth and polished. Outer REFERENCES lip thin, often damaged in beach shells. A thin AoAms, A., 1851 Contributions towards a monograph of the Tmhidae, a family of Gasteropodous molluscs. callus covers the columella, which is smooth Proceedings o/ the Zoological Society oj Lo& 1851: except for a small, insignificant tooth near the 150-92. base of the shell. ASA 1851 Further amtnbutioni rowrds I~C11rltura1 Colour variable. May be pink, purple, white hlstor\ of ihr Trr,chidac with ihr dcscnptr<,n<)fa new genus and several new species, from the Curningian or light brown, with darker or lighter coloured collecuon, Proceedings of dw Zoalogicol Society of London spiral or zig-zag bands. 1854: 3741. Locations: Newcastle Town Beach, Manly's ADAMS,A. and Angas G. F., 1863. Descriptions of new Shelly Beach, Airport, Dolls Point, Cronulla. species of shells from the Ausualian seas, in the collection of George French Angas. Proceedings of the Zoological Habitat: Sandy beaches on both exposed and Society oflrmdon 1863: 418-28. sheltered shores. The animals live in large ALLAN, J., 1950. Australion Skllr. Georgian House: aggregations in fine sand down to 15 m. Live Melbourne. 470 pp.

60 Australian Zwlogist, Vol. 29(1-2) COTTON, B. C. and Goomrv, F. K., 1934. South Austrslian MAY, W. L., 1923. Nlurtralrd Index of Tamulnian Skllr. Shells (including descriptions of new genera and Government Printer: Hobart. 100 pp. species) parr XI, Trochidae. South Awholion Naturalkt 15: 77-92. MACPHERSON,J. H. AND GABRIEL,C. J., 1962. Marine Mollww of Victoria. Melbourne University Press: National CUNNINGHAM-VAUGHT,K., 1989. A Ckfiation ofthe Living Museum of Victoria. 475 pp. Mallurca. American Malacologism Inc. 195 pp. SHORT,J. W. AND POTTER,D. G., 1987. Shellr gfQwmlnnd HICKMAN,C. S. AND MCLUN, J. H., 1990. Syrkmzti~Rrvlnon and the Gear Banier Re$, Gxlropodr. Robert Brown: ad SupreC[auzfiation o/ Trochocmn Gorlropodr. Batburst. 135 pp. Science series. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County No. 35. 167 pp. TATE.-, R.. , 1893. On some new soecies of Australian marine gastropods. Tra~~altonrof& Royal Society ofSouth Awl- HINTON,A,, 1981. Guide to Awhalian Shellr. Robert Brown: rolu? 17: 18S97. Port Moresby, PNG. 77 pp. TENISON-WOODS,J. E., 1879. On some new marine shells. IREDALE,T., 1929. Mollusca from the continental shelf of Proceedings of the Linneon SocLty of Nnu South Wales 4: eastern Australia, pt. 2. Recmds ofthe Aurlralian Mvreum 21-24, 17: 157-89. WILSON, B. R. AND GILLETT,K., 1985. A Field Gude to Aurt- IREDALE,T., 1931. Australian Molluscan notes No. I. Rccmdr ralian Shellr. Reed Books Pry Ltd: Frenchn Forest. Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/29/1-2/49/1475203/az_1993_004.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 ofthe Avmalian Mwmm 18: 201-35. 287 pp.

IREDALE,T. AND MCMICHAEL,D. F., 1962. A Rjemce lirt of thc Marine Mollurca of New SdWoks. Australian Museum Memoir No. 11. 109 pp.

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