Scottish Observatory for Work and Health

University of

North Incapacity Benefit Claimant Profile

April 2010

Judith Brown Joel Smith David Webster James Arnott Ivan Turok Ewan Macdonald Richard Mitchell

Contact: Judith Brown Public Health & Health Policy 1 Lilybank Gardens University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8RZ [email protected]

1 Summary & Key Findings Incapacity Benefit claimant Profile 1. This incapacity benefit (IB) claimant profile for North Lanarkshire gives detailed information on IB claimants by sex, age, reason for claiming IB and length of time on IB. It also contains IB claimant rates for the 73 intermediate zones in North Lanarkshire (in 2008, had the highest IB rate at 22.8% and Carrickstone the lowest rate at 3.8%).

2. In 2008 there were 23,790 IB claimants in North Lanarkshire. The IB rate, on flow rate and off flow rate were determined for North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008. The percent of the working age population claiming IB has decreased from 15.6% to 11.6% from 2000 to 2008. The rate of on flow has decreased from 4.7% to 3.0% and the off flow rate has increased from 26.7% to 30.0%.

3. The proportion of male and female ‘credits only’ IB claimants (those with a poor work history) have increased from 2000 to 2008. There are more female ‘credits only’ than males.

4. The proportion of each age group who are claimants rises with age, peaking in the 60-64 age group. However there are decreases in all age groups over time. North Lanarkshire has a higher proportion of the working age population on IB compared to in every age group. For example, in 2008 24.1% of 55-59 year olds in North Lanarkshire were claiming IB compared to 16.6% in Scotland.

The percentage of ‘payment’ IB claimants increases with age with the majority of claimants aged over 40. The age of ‘credits only’ claimants is more evenly distributed across age categories.

The on flow is more evenly distributed across the age categories.

Off flow rates are higher for people under 30 and in particular the 16-17 and 18-19 age groups.

5. The main reason for claiming IB is ‘mental and behavioural disorders’ which has increased from 2000 to 2008. In 2008 42.8% of all IB claimants were claiming because of a mental health problem in North Lanarkshire, compared with 45.2% in Scotland.

The rate of claiming IB due to mental health has been determined for the 73 intermediate zones in North Lanarkshire.

6. The majority of claimants have been claiming for more than two years, with 59.1% claiming for over 5 years in North Lanarkshire in 2008.

Off flow rates decrease dramatically as length of time on IB increases.

7. This profile highlights the striking levels of inequality in the level of worklessness related to ill health. While the overall trend is of improvement, this profile confirms a continuing need to prioritise interventions which can improve social inclusion and work capacity. The Scottish Observatory for Work and Health is funded by the Glasgow Centre for Population Health, NHS and Clyde, NHS Lanarkshire, Scottish Centre for Healthy Working Lives and the Scottish Government Health Directorates. We are grateful to DWP for providing these data.

2 North Lanarkshire Incapacity Benefit Claimant Profile

Introduction Incapacity benefit (IB) is the key contributory benefit for people who are incapable of work because of illness or disability.

This profile is one of fourteen incapacity benefit profiles that have been produced by the Scottish Observatory for Work & Health using DWP data. Each profile examines the “stock” of IB claimants and the “on” and “off” flow to IB. Each profile provides the following data on IB claimants from 2000 to 2008:

1. A ‘bath water’ diagram 2. IB rates (% of working age population claiming IB) 3. On flow rates (expressed as a percent of the WAP not on IB) 4. IB off flow rates (expressed as a percent of the total IB population) 5. IB claimants by neighbourhood/intermediate zone 6. Breakdown of IB claimants by sex IB rate by sex On flow rate by sex Off flow rate by sex Payment/credits by sex 7. Breakdown of IB claimants by age IB rate by age On flow rate by age Off flow rate by age Payment/credits by age 8. Breakdown of IB claimants by reason for claiming IB Total claimants by illness Comparison of mental health and musculoskeletal claimants Mental Health IB rate On flow by illness Off flow rate by illness Mental Health IB claimants by neighbourhood/intermediate zone 9. Breakdown of IB claimants by length of time on IB Total claimants by length of time on IB Off flow rate by length of time on IB 10. Off flow destination restricted access

Comparisons with Scotland are shown.

Individual profiles are available for the following geographies:

Scotland Local authorities Glasgow City North Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire East Renfrewshire Inverclyde Renfrewshire West Dunbartonshire Community Health & Care Partnerships East Glasgow

3 North Glasgow South East Glasgow South West Glasgow West Glasgow

An overview IB claimant profile has also been produced which compares IB rates and on and off rates and shows ‘bath water’ diagrams for all geographies.

Yearly stock data have been calculated by taking a mean of the data from four quarters. For example, yearly data for 2008 were calculated by taking a mean of the data from the four quarters commencing December 2007 and ending in November 2008.

The on and off flow data have been computed into yearly data. For example, data for the year 2008 are the sum of the four quarters from December 2007 to the quarter ending November 2008.

This profile investigates IB claimants in North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008. There are important changes with DWP data for 2008. Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) was introduced on the 27 th October 2008 and replaced IB and Income Support paid on incapacity grounds for new customers only. ESA claimants are not included in the IB figures for 2008.

4 1. Bath water diagram

Figure 1

North Lanarkshire

2000 2008

8,050 5,370

31,540 23,790 (-25%)

8,420 7,130

We have previously created a dynamic model of the IB population using a ‘bath water’ analogy. 1,2 The ‘bath water’ diagrams detail the incapacity benefit population (those claiming IB at any given time), the on flow (those starting to claim IB) and the off flow (those whose claim has terminated) in a given year. The population on IB are represented by the amount of bath water. The on and off flow populations are represented by the tap water and the outflow respectively. Bath water diagrams are shown for 2000 and 2008 for North Lanarkshire (figure 1). They show that the decrease in the population on IB is mainly due to decreases in the on flow rather than increases in the off flow. However in order to fully understand the on and off flow data the numbers need to be expressed as on and off flow rates – see 3 & 4.

5 2. IB Rates Figure 2 shows IB rates from 2000 to 2008 for Scotland and North Lanarkshire and are expressed as the number of IB claimants as a percent of the working age population (WAP).

Figure 2

IB Rates in Scotland and North Lanarkshire 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 IB RateIB (%) 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Scotland North Lanarkshire

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Table 1 shows the IB rates for North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008

Table 1 Year IB rate (%) 2000 15.6 2001 15.4 2002 14.9 2003 14.5 2004 14.1 2005 13.5 2006 12.8 2007 12.3 2008 11.6

The percent of the working age population claiming IB has decreased from 15.6% to 11.6% from 2000 to 2008 for North Lanarkshire.

6 3. On flow rates Figure 3 shows on flow rates from 2000 to 2008 for Scotland and North Lanarkshire and are expressed as a percent of the WAP not on IB. This is the ‘population at risk’ of moving into IB.

Figure 3

IB On Flow Rates in Scotland and North Lanarkshire 6

5

4

3

2 RateOnof Flow (%) 1

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Scotland North Lanarkshire

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Table 2 shows the IB on flow rates for North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008.

Table 2 Year On flow rate (%) 2000 4.7 2001 4.6 2002 4.6 2003 4.4 2004 4.1 2005 3.7 2006 3.3 2007 3.3 2008 3.0

The rate of on flow has decreased in North Lanarkshire. There has been a drop of 1.7 percentage points for North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008 and a drop of 0.8 percentage points for Scotland.

7 4. Off flow rates Figure 4 shows off flow rates from 2000 to 2008 for Scotland and North Lanarkshire and are expressed as a percent of the total IB population. This is the ‘population at risk’ of moving off IB.

Figure 4

IB Off Flow Rates in Scotland and North Lanarkshire 34

32

30

28

26

24

RateFlow Off of(%) 22

20

18 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Scotland North Lanarkshire

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Table 3 shows the IB off flow rates for North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008

Table 3 Year Off flow rate (%) 2000 26.7 2001 28.3 2002 27.8 2003 28.8 2004 28.0 2005 29.7 2006 27.0 2007 27.6 2008 30.0

The off flow rates are more variable in North Lanarkshire and Scotland between 2000 and 2008. North Lanarkshire’s off flow rate has increased from 26.7% in 2000 to 30.0% in 2008.

8 5. IB claimants by neighbourhood Table 4 shows the number of IB claimants in the 73 intermediate zones in North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008.

Table 4 North Number of IB claimants Lanarkshire 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Abronhill North 320 330 320 310 310 290 290 270 260 Abronhill South 470 450 430 440 430 390 370 360 330 Airdrie North 750 770 740 730 740 720 670 640 620 Allanton 400 380 380 350 330 300 270 260 250 Balloch East 180 180 180 180 170 170 160 160 160 Balloch West 120 130 130 130 130 110 110 110 100 Balmalloch 350 350 330 320 320 310 290 280 270 Central 330 330 330 330 320 300 300 300 280 Bellshill South 450 440 430 410 400 390 370 350 340 Birkenshaw 310 290 290 280 270 230 220 220 210 Cairnhill 380 370 380 380 370 350 340 320 290 and Plains 570 570 550 570 580 560 530 510 500 North 430 430 420 430 410 380 360 330 310 Carfin, Cleekhimin and 530 550 540 550 540 540 530 520 480 Carrickstone 170 170 170 170 160 150 150 140 160 East 260 250 220 210 220 210 200 200 200 Chapelhall West 390 350 340 330 320 320 300 280 270 and Muirhead 350 350 340 320 300 300 270 250 230 Cleland 350 330 330 320 320 330 300 290 280 Cliftonville South 370 400 380 390 380 380 360 340 310 West 580 580 560 530 540 520 510 490 460 Coatdyke and Whinhall 490 480 450 440 440 420 410 380 360 Coltness 370 360 350 330 320 310 310 290 280 Condorrat 420 420 400 380 370 350 310 300 270 Craigneuk Airdrie 250 240 230 230 220 210 200 180 160 Craigneuk Wishaw 620 610 620 610 600 590 580 570 530 Central 520 540 540 510 510 480 460 450 430 Drumgelloch 350 340 310 310 310 300 280 270 250 Dundyvan 700 690 650 630 630 610 580 560 530 Fallside 410 400 380 380 380 370 360 370 330 560 570 570 580 570 550 520 490 460 and Marnock 380 370 350 330 300 290 280 260 260 Gartlea 550 550 510 490 470 450 420 400 380 and 360 350 310 320 310 300 280 280 240 Greenend and 410 410 390 390 360 330 330 330 320

9 Greenfaulds 300 290 280 260 240 240 220 220 210 Harthill and 650 640 640 610 590 570 540 530 480 Hattonrigg 420 410 400 400 380 360 320 310 280 540 540 520 520 490 460 420 410 380 Kildrum 300 310 300 300 290 270 240 230 230 Bogside 310 320 310 310 310 310 290 280 250 Kilsyth East and Croy 520 520 510 490 480 470 420 410 410 Kirkshaws 660 650 620 610 600 600 580 580 550 Kirkwood and 820 800 740 720 680 660 630 590 550 Ladywell 170 170 170 150 130 120 100 90 100 Milnwood 460 450 450 440 420 400 380 370 350 East 190 190 190 180 170 170 150 150 140 Moodiesburn West 420 420 400 370 350 320 300 290 280 North 310 320 320 340 320 310 300 290 280 Motherwell South 430 440 460 470 460 460 440 410 380 380 370 370 350 340 310 290 290 280 Muirhouse and Knowetop 420 420 410 400 380 360 350 350 330 Netherton and Kirkhill 530 520 520 500 500 480 450 450 430 340 330 320 310 300 290 260 260 240 740 720 690 680 660 620 590 570 540 Orbiston 660 630 590 590 590 540 500 480 450 Overtown 510 500 510 480 460 440 390 380 350 400 390 380 340 360 360 340 320 310 Petersburn 320 330 320 320 310 310 310 300 270 Seafar 300 280 270 260 260 270 230 220 220 Shawhead and 330 340 320 320 300 290 280 280 260 450 430 410 390 370 350 320 310 290 Stane 330 350 340 320 310 300 270 260 250 410 400 390 370 360 330 310 290 280 Sunnyside and Cliftonville 480 470 470 450 440 410 380 360 340 Thrashbush 690 660 610 590 570 560 530 500 500 Townhead 780 750 680 670 650 610 590 570 530 770 770 750 710 680 640 610 600 580 Village and 290 290 280 270 270 260 230 220 190 Westfield 320 320 310 300 290 280 270 270 260 Wishaw East 310 300 300 290 290 270 260 250 240 Wishaw North 520 520 510 500 480 460 440 420 400 Wishaw South 420 430 430 440 420 400 390 390 370 Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

10 Table 5 shows IB rates from 2000 to 2008 in the 73 intermediate zones in North Lanarkshire and are expressed as the number of IB claimants as a percent of the working age population (WAP).

Table 5 North IB Rate (%) Lanarkshire 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Abronhill North 11.4 11.9 11.6 11.7 11.6 11.2 11.3 10.7 10.2 Abronhill South 13.6 13.7 13.6 14.2 14.2 13.0 12.5 12.4 11.7 Airdrie North 20.8 21.6 20.9 20.7 21.2 20.3 19.2 18.1 17.9 Allanton 17.5 16.6 16.5 15.4 13.8 12.7 11.4 10.6 10.0 Balloch East 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.9 Balloch West 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.3 3.9 Balmalloch 12.2 12.4 12.1 11.7 11.7 11.6 11.0 10.7 10.2 Bellshill Central 17.4 17.6 17.6 17.5 16.2 14.5 13.3 13.1 11.7 Bellshill South 18.0 17.8 17.3 16.4 15.9 15.7 14.5 13.9 13.5 Birkenshaw 9.4 8.6 8.3 8.1 7.8 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.3 Cairnhill 10.5 10.0 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.1 8.8 8.4 7.6 Caldercruix 19.3 19.1 18.5 19.2 19.6 19.0 18.1 17.0 16.2 and Plains Carfin North 14.4 14.3 13.8 13.9 13.2 12.1 11.4 10.5 10.1 Carfin, 16.2 16.0 15.0 14.4 13.9 13.6 13.0 12.6 11.7 Cleekhimin and New Stevenston Carrickstone 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.8 Chapelhall 11.2 9.9 8.0 7.7 7.8 7.2 6.6 6.8 6.7 East Chapelhall 20.4 19.1 18.6 18.5 18.1 18.3 17.3 16.5 15.9 West Chryston and 14.0 13.7 13.1 12.6 11.8 11.6 10.7 9.9 9.2 Muirhead Cleland 15.1 14.4 14.2 13.6 12.8 12.8 11.9 11.2 10.6 Cliftonville 20.6 21.9 20.5 21.3 20.0 20.6 19.3 18.1 16.3 South Coatbridge 16.0 16.0 15.4 14.8 15.1 14.5 14.1 13.4 12.6 West Coatdyke and 14.9 14.5 13.6 13.5 13.4 12.9 12.8 12.1 11.7 Whinhall Coltness 13.5 13.1 12.9 12.2 11.8 11.4 11.3 10.7 10.6 Condorrat 11.0 11.0 10.7 10.4 10.3 10.1 9.3 9.1 8.5 Craigneuk 9.5 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.2 7.8 7.6 6.9 6.1 Airdrie Craigneuk 25.2 25.3 25.9 25.7 25.4 25.4 24.7 24.0 22.8 Wishaw Cumbernauld 15.4 16.2 16.7 16.7 16.9 16.1 15.2 15.2 14.6 Central Drumgelloch 15.8 15.7 14.4 14.1 14.1 13.7 13.2 12.8 12.0 Dundyvan 21.0 20.5 19.0 18.4 18.4 17.5 16.3 15.5 14.6 Fallside 13.7 13.2 12.6 12.9 12.8 12.5 12.2 12.6 11.1 Forgewood 15.8 16.6 16.8 17.2 17.1 16.3 15.4 14.9 14.3 Gartcosh and 18.2 16.6 14.5 13.1 11.7 10.6 9.3 8.3 7.6 Marnock Gartlea 19.9 20.8 20.1 19.1 18.6 18.0 16.7 16.1 15.7 Glenmavis and 13.3 13.1 12.0 12.2 11.8 11.3 10.7 10.2 8.6 Greengairs Greenend and 15.8 15.2 14.0 12.8 11.4 10.4 10.1 9.7 9.4

11 Carnbroe Greenfaulds 11.4 11.1 10.6 9.9 9.3 9.5 9.3 9.5 9.3 Harthill and 20.3 20.1 20.3 18.9 17.7 16.8 15.6 15.0 13.9 Salsburgh Hattonrigg 15.5 15.3 15.3 15.2 14.7 13.5 12.2 11.7 10.7 Holytown 15.0 15.2 14.9 15.1 14.2 13.3 12.4 12.3 11.4 Kildrum 11.2 11.8 11.3 11.4 11.4 10.5 9.5 9.1 9.6 Kilsyth Bogside 16.8 16.4 15.7 15.6 15.8 15.6 14.4 14.1 12.8 Kilsyth East 18.1 18.0 17.6 17.1 16.4 16.2 14.9 14.3 14.3 and Croy Kirkshaws 20.1 20.6 20.1 18.4 17.8 17.4 16.8 16.8 16.0 Kirkwood and 22.2 21.9 20.5 20.3 19.5 19.1 18.5 17.9 16.8 Bargeddie Ladywell 6.3 6.3 6.2 5.6 4.9 4.3 3.9 3.5 3.9 Milnwood 17.0 16.6 16.4 16.3 15.6 14.8 14.3 13.8 13.3 Moodiesburn 8.6 8.3 8.3 7.6 7.3 7.2 6.6 6.3 5.6 East Moodiesburn 19.2 19.0 18.6 17.7 16.7 15.7 14.6 14.1 13.7 West Motherwell 19.9 19.0 17.9 17.6 16.6 16.0 14.8 13.9 12.8 North Motherwell 21.9 21.0 20.9 21.5 21.3 21.3 20.4 19.2 18.4 South Motherwell 17.7 17.6 17.7 17.0 16.5 15.1 14.8 14.8 14.3 West Muirhouse and 11.7 11.6 11.1 10.6 10.1 9.5 9.1 9.3 8.5 Knowetop Netherton and 17.1 16.6 16.1 15.1 14.8 14.0 13.1 12.4 11.3 Kirkhill Newarthill 15.2 15.4 15.4 15.2 14.5 14.1 12.9 13.0 12.4 Newmains 20.5 19.8 19.1 19.2 18.5 17.5 16.4 16.2 15.2 Orbiston 17.6 17.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 15.5 14.7 14.3 13.4 Overtown 18.8 18.2 18.6 18.2 17.9 17.3 15.4 14.8 13.7 Pather 20.3 19.4 19.3 17.6 17.8 16.4 15.4 14.5 14.1 Petersburn 15.6 16.5 16.5 16.6 16.4 16.1 16.0 15.4 14.4 Seafar 13.9 13.2 12.6 12.4 12.5 13.1 11.5 11.3 11.4 Shawhead and 18.6 19.2 18.9 19.3 18.0 17.3 16.7 16.9 15.5 Whifflet Shotts 17.6 17.0 16.6 16.0 15.5 14.4 13.5 13.5 12.4 Stane 18.7 19.3 18.8 17.6 16.6 16.4 14.8 14.0 13.7 Stepps 12.8 12.7 12.5 11.2 10.5 9.6 8.9 8.2 7.8 Sunnyside and 15.0 14.8 15.1 14.6 14.5 13.6 12.7 12.3 11.6 Cliftonville Thrashbush 19.2 19.1 18.2 17.8 17.4 17.2 15.8 15.0 14.8 Townhead 22.3 21.3 19.1 18.4 17.5 16.0 14.9 14.3 13.2 Viewpark 21.1 21.5 21.3 20.5 19.6 18.3 17.0 16.7 16.5 Village and 13.9 14.3 14.1 14.3 14.9 14.9 13.0 12.8 11.4 Castlecary Westfield 8.0 8.1 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.5 6.2 Wishaw East 12.0 11.7 12.0 11.6 11.7 11.0 10.8 10.5 10.3 Wishaw North 16.0 15.9 15.3 15.6 14.6 14.2 13.4 12.7 12.2 Wishaw South 18.5 17.9 17.3 17.1 16.0 15.2 14.9 14.7 14.2 Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

12 6. IB Claimants by Sex Figure 5 shows the percentage of working age males/females in Scotland and North Lanarkshire claiming IB from 2000 to 2008.

Figure 5 Total IB Claimants by Sex in Scotland and North Lanarkshire 25

20

15

10

5 % of Corresponding WAP

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Male (North Lanarkshire) Male (Scotland) Female (North Lanarkshire) Female (Scotland)

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

In 2000, in North Lanarkshire 16.6% of males were claiming IB and 14.7% of females. By 2008, 12.1% of males and 11.2% of females were now claiming IB.

Figure 6 shows the rate of on flow by sex in Scotland and North Lanarkshire. The rate of on flow is expressed as a percentage of the corresponding male/female WAP not on IB. This is the ‘population at risk’ of moving onto IB.

Figure 6 IB On Flow Rate by Sex in Scotland and North Lanarkshire 7

6

5

4

3

2 Rate of FlowOn (%) 1

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Male (North Lanarkshire) Male (Scotland) Female (North Lanarkshire) Female (Scotland)

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

13

North Lanarkshire has higher on flow rates for males and females compared to Scotland. There have been larger decreases in the male on flow rate than female.

Figure 7 shows the rate of off flow by sex in Scotland and North Lanarkshire. The rate of off flow is expressed as a percentage of the corresponding male/females stock population. This is the ‘population at risk’ of moving off IB.

Figure 7 IB Off Flow Rate by Sex in Scotland and North Lanarkshire 35

30

25

20

15

10 Rate of FlowOff (%) 5

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Male (North Lanarkshire) Male (Scotland) Female (North Lanarkshire) Female (Scotland)

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Off flow rates for both males and females are higher in North Lanarkshire compared to the respective Scotland rates.

14 There are two categories of IB claimants: ‘payment’ and ‘credits only’ claimants. Definitions are complex and the benefits system as a whole tries to ensure that individuals receive broadly equivalent amounts from the State – but the source may vary. For our purposes, the key difference is that ‘payment’ IB claimants have a good recent work history and receive IB payment. ‘Credits only’ claimants receive financial support from other sources but are ‘credited’ with pension contributions and gain access to other benefits like Income Support with a disability premium. These claimants have less good recent work histories.

Figure 8 shows the percentage of male and female ‘payment’ and ‘credits only’ claimants in North Lanarkshire and Scotland.

Figure 8 Payment and Credits only IB Claimants in Scotland and North Lanarkshire

100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 Scotland Males (%) 0 N. Males (%) 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Year

Payments Credits Payments Credits

100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 Scotland Females (%)

0 N.Lanark Females (%) 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Year

Payments Credits Payments Credits

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

The proportion of ‘payment’ claimants is larger in North Lanarkshire compared to Scotland for both males and females. The proportion of male and female ‘credits only’ claimants have increased from 2000 to 2008. There are more female ‘credits only’ claimants than males although this proportion is still lower in North Lanarkshire than Scotland. The change over time in IB claimant types in North Lanarkshire displays the same general trend observed for Scotland. For example, in North Lanarkshire the number of male ‘payment’ claimants declined by 9.6% from 2000 to 2008 which is quantitatively similar to the 9.9% decline reported for Scotland. The number of female ‘payment’ claimants declined by 6.4% in North Lanarkshire compared to 6.8% in Scotland. The corresponding change for ‘credits only’ claimants is identical in magnitude but opposite in sign (e.g. 9.6% and 6.4% increase in male and female ‘credits only’ claimants in North Lanarkshire over the same period).

15 7. IB Claimants by Age The IB population can be broken down into 11 age categories. Figures 9 & 10 show total IB claimants by age (expressed as percentage of the corresponding denominator age group) for Scotland and North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008.

Figure 9

Total IB Claimants by Age in Scotland 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 % of Denominatorof% Age Group 5 0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age Category

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Figure 10

Total IB Claimants by Age in North Lanarkshire 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 % of Denominatorof% Age Group 5 0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age Category

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

The proportion of each age group who are claimants rises with age, peaking in the 60-64 age group. However there are decreases in all age groups over time. North Lanarkshire has a higher proportion of the working age population on IB compared to Scotland in every age group. For example, in 2008 24.1% of 55-59 year olds in North Lanarkshire were claiming IB compared to 16.6% in Scotland.

16 Figures 11 & 12 show the rate of on flow by age in Scotland and North Lanarkshire. The rate of on flow is expressed as a percentage of the working age population in that age group not on IB. This is the ‘population at risk’ of moving onto IB.

Figure 11 Rate of IB On Flow by Age in Scotland 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Rate of FlowOn (%) 2 1 0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age Category

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Figure 12

Rate of IB On Flow by Age in North Lanarkshire 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 RateOnof Flow (%) 2 1 0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age Category

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

The on flow is more evenly distributed across the age categories. North Lanarkshire has higher on flow rates in all age categories compared to Scotland.

17 Figures 13 & 14 show the rate of off flow in Scotland and North Lanarkshire. The rate of off flow is expressed as a percentage of the total stock population in that age group. This is the ‘population at risk’ of moving off IB.

Figure 13

Rate of IB Off Flow by Age in Scotland 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 RateFlow Off of(%) 20 10 0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age Category

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Figure 14

Rate of IB Off Flow by Age in North Lanarkshire 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 RateFlow Off of(%) 20 10 0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age Category

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Off flow rates are higher for people under 30 and in particular the 16-17 and 18-19 age groups.

18 Figure 15 shows ‘payments’ claimants by age in North Lanarkshire. The number of ‘payments’ claimants in each age group are expressed as a percent of all payment claimants.

Figure 15

Payment IB Claimants by Age in North Lanarkshire 25

20

15

10

% of Paymentof% Claimants 5

0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age Category

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

The percentage of ‘payment’ IB claimants increases with age with the majority of claimants aged over 40.

Figure 16 shows ‘credits only’ claimants by age in North Lanarkshire. The number of ‘credits only’ claimants in each age group are expressed as a percent of all ‘credits only’ claimants.

Figure 16

Credits only IB Claimants by Age in North Lanarkshire 25

20

15

10

% of Credits Claimants Credits of% 5

0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age Category

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

The age of ‘credits only’ claimants is more evenly distributed across age categories.

19 8. IB Claimants by Illness Figures 17 & 18 show the number of IB claimants by illness category expressed as a percent of the total stock population in Scotland and North Lanarkshire.

Figure 17 Total IB Claimants by Illness in Scotland 60

50

40

30

20

% of Total IB Claimants 10

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Mental Health Nervous System Circulatory/Respiratory Musculoskeletal/Connective Tissue Injury/Poisoning Other

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Figure 18 Total IB Claimants by Illness in North Lanarkshire 60

50

40

30

20

% of Total IB Claimants 10

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Mental Health Nervous System Circulatory/Respiratory Musculoskeletal/Connective Tissue Injury/Poisoning Other

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

The main reason for claiming IB is ‘mental and behavioural disorders’ which has increased in both Scotland and North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008. In 2008 42.8% of all IB claimants were claiming because of a mental health problem in North Lanarkshire, compared with 45.2% in Scotland.

20 There has been a gradual increase in the number of IB claimants claiming because of a mental health problem and a decrease in the number claiming because of a musculoskeletal problem from 2000 to 2008. Figure 19 compares Scotland and North Lanarkshire.

Figure 19

Reason for Claiming IB 60

50

40

30

20

% of Totalof% Claimants IB 10

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Mental Health North Lanarkshire Mental Health Scotland Musculoskeletal North Lanarkshire Musculoskeletal Scotland

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Table 6 shows mental health IB rates from 2000 to 2008 for North Lanarkshire and Scotland and are expressed as the number of mental health IB claimants as a percent of the working age population (WAP).

Table 6 Mental Health IB rate (% of WAP) Year Scotland North Lanarkshire 2000 3.7 4.9 2001 3.9 5.1 2002 4.1 5.2 2003 4.2 5.4 2004 4.3 5.4 2005 4.3 5.4 2006 4.2 5.2 2007 4.2 5.2 2008 4.1 5.0

21 Figure 20 shows the on flow for each illness expressed as a percent of the total on flow in North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008.

Figure 20 IB On Flow by Illness in North Lanarkshire 60

50

40

30

20 % of Total Flow On 10

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Mental Health Nervous System Circulatory/Respiratory Musculoskeletal/Connective Tissue Injury/Poisoning Other

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Those claiming because of mental health problems make up the largest category coming onto IB. There has been an increase in this category from 2000 to 2008 (43% of total in 2008).

Figure 21 shows the rate of off flow by the reason for claiming IB for North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008. The rate of off flow is expressed as a percentage of the total stock population in that illness category.

Figure 21 Rate of Off Flow by Illness in North Lanarkshire 70 60 50 40 30 20 Rate of FlowOff (%) 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

Mental Health Nervous System Circulatory/Respiratory Musculoskeletal/Connective Tissue Injury/Poisoning Other

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

22 The highest off flow rates were for the injury group. However the numbers in the injury group are smaller than other groups. There were 760 people who left IB in 2008 having been on IB because of injury from a total off flow of 7,140. Therefore the injury group only made up 10.6% of the total off flow compared to 42.3% for the mental health group.

Table 7 shows the number of mental health IB claimants in the 73 intermediate zones from 2000 to 2008. Table 7 North Number of Mental Health IB claimants Lanarkshire 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Abronhill North 90 100 100 110 100 100 100 100 90 Abronhill South 150 140 140 150 160 160 160 150 140 Airdrie North 260 280 290 290 320 320 300 290 280 Allanton 130 130 130 120 110 110 100 100 90 Balloch East 50 50 50 60 60 60 40 50 50 Balloch West 20 20 30 30 30 20 30 30 30 Balmalloch 90 90 90 100 110 110 90 90 100 Bellshill Central 120 120 130 140 140 130 130 130 120 Bellshill South 160 160 150 150 160 160 160 150 140 Birkenshaw 90 90 90 100 100 90 90 90 90 Cairnhill 110 110 110 110 120 120 120 110 100 Caldercruix and Plains 160 170 170 180 190 200 200 190 190 Carfin North 160 150 150 170 160 160 160 140 140 Carfin, Cleekhimin and New Stevenston 200 230 230 240 250 260 250 250 240 Carrickstone 50 50 60 60 60 50 50 50 60 Chapelhall East 80 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 Chapelhall West 130 120 120 120 130 130 130 120 120 Chryston and Muirhead 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 100 90 Cleland 120 110 120 130 130 120 120 110 110 Cliftonville South 140 150 170 180 170 190 180 180 160 170 190 200 200 210 200 210 220 220 Coatdyke and Whinhall 140 140 150 150 150 160 150 150 140 Coltness 120 130 120 130 120 120 120 120 120 Condorrat 110 110 120 120 110 110 100 100 90 Craigneuk Airdrie 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 60 Craigneuk Wishaw 220 230 250 250 260 270 280 280 270 Cumbernauld Central 190 210 220 230 240 230 220 220 210 Drumgelloch 90 90 90 100 110 110 100 100 110 Dundyvan 220 230 220 220 230 230 230 240 240 Fallside 160 160 160 160 170 170 170 170 160 Forgewood 210 230 250 270 270 260 260 250 230 Gartcosh and 100 110 100 100 90 90 90 100 100

23 Marnock Gartlea 200 200 200 190 200 200 180 190 180 Glenmavis and Greengairs 90 90 100 110 110 100 100 100 90 Greenend and Carnbroe 140 150 140 150 140 140 150 140 140 Greenfaulds 80 80 80 80 70 80 80 70 80 Harthill and Salsburgh 190 200 200 190 190 200 200 200 180 Hattonrigg 130 130 130 150 140 140 130 130 120 Holytown 190 190 190 200 200 200 170 180 170 Kildrum 100 110 110 120 110 110 110 110 110 Kilsyth Bogside 100 120 120 130 130 140 140 130 110 Kilsyth East and Croy 140 150 160 170 180 170 150 170 170 Kirkshaws 230 230 230 230 240 250 250 260 240 Kirkwood and Bargeddie 270 270 250 260 260 270 250 240 240 Ladywell 50 50 50 50 50 40 40 40 40 Milnwood 180 180 190 200 200 190 190 180 170 Moodiesburn East 40 50 60 50 50 50 40 40 40 Moodiesburn West 110 120 120 120 110 110 110 110 120 100 120 120 140 140 140 140 140 130 Motherwell South 140 160 180 210 210 220 220 210 190 Motherwell West 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Muirhouse and Knowetop 140 150 150 160 160 160 150 170 160 Netherton and Kirkhill 170 180 180 190 200 200 200 200 190 Newarthill 110 120 120 120 130 120 120 120 110 Newmains 220 230 230 240 250 240 230 230 230 Orbiston 220 230 220 230 240 230 210 220 220 Overtown 190 190 210 200 200 200 180 160 160 Pather 140 140 150 140 150 160 150 150 150 Petersburn 100 110 110 120 120 140 140 130 120 Seafar 100 100 100 100 100 110 100 100 100 Shawhead and Whifflet 110 110 110 120 100 110 120 120 110 Shotts 120 110 120 120 120 130 120 120 100 Stane 120 140 140 130 120 100 100 100 100 Stepps 120 120 130 130 130 130 120 110 100 Sunnyside and Cliftonville 160 170 180 170 180 170 150 140 150 Thrashbush 190 190 190 200 200 210 200 200 210 Townhead 230 230 220 210 220 220 220 230 220 Viewpark 250 260 290 270 280 280 270 260 250 Village and Castlecary 100 110 120 120 120 120 110 100 100 Westfield 80 80 80 80 80 90 100 100 90 Wishaw East 90 90 90 100 110 100 100 100 100 Wishaw North 190 190 190 200 200 200 190 180 180 Wishaw South 150 160 160 170 170 170 180 180 170 Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

24

Table 8 shows mental health IB rates from 2000 to 2008 in the 73 intermediate zones in North Lanarkshire and are expressed as the number of mental health IB claimants as a percent of the working age population (WAP).

Table 8 North Mental Health IB Rate (%) Lanarkshire 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Abronhill North 3.1 3.4 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 Abronhill South 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1 4.9 Airdrie North 7.1 7.9 8.1 8.3 9.1 9.1 8.6 8.1 8.2 Allanton 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.7 Balloch East 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.6 1.9 2.4 2.5 Balloch West 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 Balmalloch 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.8 Bellshill Central 6.4 6.5 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.1 Bellshill South 6.4 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 5.8 Birkenshaw 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 Cairnhill 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 Caldercruix 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.9 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.2 6.2 and Plains Carfin North 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 Carfin, 5.9 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.2 6.2 5.8 Cleekhimin and New Stevenston Carrickstone 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 Chapelhall 3.4 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 East Chapelhall 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.7 7.1 7.6 7.1 7.0 6.7 West Chryston and 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.5 Muirhead Cleland 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.0 Cliftonville 7.7 8.3 9.3 9.5 9.1 10.2 9.8 9.4 8.6 South Coatbridge 4.6 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.9 West Coatdyke and 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 Whinhall Coltness 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.4 Condorrat 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 Craigneuk 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 Airdrie Craigneuk 8.8 9.4 10.3 10.6 11.0 11.3 11.8 11.9 11.5 Wishaw Cumbernauld 5.5 6.3 6.7 7.4 7.8 7.7 7.2 7.5 7.1 Central Drumgelloch 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.7 5.0 Dundyvan 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.5 Fallside 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.3 Forgewood 6.0 6.7 7.2 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.1 Gartcosh and 4.9 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.9 Marnock Gartlea 7.2 7.7 7.8 7.3 7.8 7.8 7.3 7.5 7.3 Glenmavis and 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.1 Greengairs

25 Greenend and 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.1 Carnbroe Greenfaulds 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.6 Harthill and 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.3 Salsburgh Hattonrigg 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.6 5.5 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.5 Holytown 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.1 5.3 5.0 Kildrum 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.5 Kilsyth Bogside 5.5 6.2 6.0 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 5.8 Kilsyth East 4.9 5.3 5.4 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.8 5.9 and Croy Kirkshaws 6.9 7.3 7.4 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.5 6.9 Kirkwood and 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.3 7.2 Bargeddie Ladywell 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 Milnwood 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.2 7.3 7.0 7.1 6.7 6.3 Moodiesburn 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 East Moodiesburn 4.8 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.7 West Motherwell 6.6 6.9 6.7 7.2 7.2 7.4 6.9 6.5 5.7 North Motherwell 7.2 7.7 8.2 9.5 9.7 10.2 10.1 9.8 9.2 South Motherwell 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 West Muirhouse and 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.1 Knowetop Netherton and 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.6 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.0 Kirkhill Newarthill 5.0 5.5 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.5 Newmains 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.3 Orbiston 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.4 Overtown 7.1 7.0 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.7 6.9 6.3 6.3 Pather 6.8 6.8 7.6 7.2 7.6 7.3 6.7 6.5 6.6 Petersburn 5.0 5.5 5.8 6.2 6.6 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.3 Seafar 4.3 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 Shawhead and 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.9 6.1 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.6 Whifflet Shotts 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.3 Stane 6.9 7.6 7.5 6.9 6.4 5.7 5.2 5.3 5.5 Stepps 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.9 Sunnyside and 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.1 4.9 5.0 Cliftonville Thrashbush 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.3 Townhead 6.5 6.6 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.4 Viewpark 6.9 7.4 8.2 7.9 8.1 7.8 7.4 7.3 7.1 Village and 4.8 5.3 5.8 6.1 6.8 6.8 6.2 6.0 5.6 Castlecary Westfield 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 Wishaw East 3.3 3.6 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 Wishaw North 5.7 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.4 5.4 Wishaw South 6.5 6.8 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.6 Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Table 9 shows the number of mental health IB claimants expressed as a percent of total claimants in the 73 intermediate zones from 2000 to 2008.

26 Table 9 North Mental Health Claimants - % of Total claimants Lanarkshire 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Abronhill North 27.3 28.8 31.5 34.7 32.8 34.2 33.3 35.2 36.3 Abronhill South 30.9 31.5 32.7 34.5 37.6 40.6 42.9 41.3 41.7 Airdrie North 34.3 36.6 38.9 40.0 42.8 44.8 44.8 44.9 45.7 Allanton 31.1 33.6 34.7 35.0 34.1 37.2 38.0 38.8 36.7 Balloch East 27.8 27.4 29.2 31.9 35.3 32.4 25.0 32.3 31.3 Balloch West 16.7 15.7 21.2 23.1 24.0 20.0 25.6 27.9 31.6 Balmalloch 25.4 26.8 27.8 31.0 34.9 35.5 31.6 33.0 37.4 Bellshill Central 36.6 37.1 39.4 40.6 43.0 42.0 44.1 44.5 43.6 Bellshill South 35.8 35.0 34.3 37.2 39.1 40.1 43.2 43.9 42.5 Birkenshaw 28.8 30.8 31.6 33.9 37.7 39.1 39.3 41.9 42.2 Cairnhill 30.0 28.9 28.7 29.3 32.4 34.0 34.3 34.1 35.3 Caldercruix 27.9 30.1 30.0 30.8 32.8 36.0 37.9 36.8 38.4 and Plains Carfin North 36.5 35.7 34.7 39.8 39.3 41.3 43.7 42.4 44.8 Carfin, 36.6 41.2 42.4 44.5 46.3 47.4 47.6 49.0 49.7 Cleekhimin and New Stevenston Carrickstone 29.0 29.0 35.3 36.4 36.9 33.3 32.8 35.1 34.9 Chapelhall 30.1 29.3 29.9 32.9 31.8 34.9 38.5 40.0 40.5 East Chapelhall 34.4 34.0 34.8 36.4 39.1 41.7 41.3 42.5 42.2 West Chryston and 31.2 31.7 33.6 34.9 36.4 37.3 39.4 38.0 37.6 Muirhead Cleland 35.5 34.1 34.8 38.8 39.5 37.7 39.7 39.1 38.2 Cliftonville 37.2 38.1 45.1 44.6 45.3 49.7 50.7 51.8 52.5 South Coatbridge 29.0 32.5 35.1 37.7 37.8 38.8 41.4 44.8 47.3 West Coatdyke and 27.9 28.8 32.6 33.3 34.5 37.5 37.7 39.1 39.9 Whinhall Coltness 32.9 35.0 35.3 38.3 38.3 39.2 39.0 39.7 41.6 Condorrat 25.4 26.5 30.0 31.1 29.9 31.4 32.3 33.1 34.6 Craigneuk 25.5 25.5 26.1 29.3 33.3 34.9 33.8 37.0 36.9 Airdrie Craigneuk 35.0 37.3 39.8 41.3 43.3 44.7 47.6 49.6 50.2 Wishaw Cumbernauld 35.9 38.8 40.2 44.4 46.1 47.7 47.5 49.2 48.2 Central Drumgelloch 26.2 26.3 29.3 31.1 33.9 36.7 36.3 37.0 41.6 Dundyvan 31.3 33.3 34.4 35.3 36.0 38.1 39.1 42.9 44.6 Fallside 40.1 39.9 42.1 42.1 44.4 45.2 46.2 45.2 47.7 Forgewood 37.7 40.6 43.0 46.3 47.4 48.2 49.8 50.5 49.7 Gartcosh and 26.8 28.2 29.7 30.1 28.1 31.6 32.7 36.2 38.2 Marnock Gartlea 36.2 37.0 38.7 38.5 41.8 43.3 43.7 46.5 46.4 Glenmavis and 25.2 26.8 30.4 33.3 35.0 33.6 33.6 36.4 36.1 Greengairs Greenend and 33.3 35.8 35.7 38.7 38.7 41.2 44.3 43.1 43.4 Carnbroe Greenfaulds 25.8 28.4 30.0 30.1 29.5 31.6 34.9 33.7 38.6 Harthill and 28.4 30.9 30.7 31.0 32.5 34.2 36.4 37.9 37.8 Salsburgh

27 Hattonrigg 31.3 32.7 33.1 37.1 37.3 37.8 39.5 41.0 42.3 Holytown 34.3 34.9 37.0 38.9 40.6 42.4 40.8 43.0 43.8 Kildrum 33.1 34.4 36.7 38.7 38.8 41.5 44.2 46.2 46.2 Kilsyth Bogside 33.1 38.1 38.4 42.3 42.4 43.5 47.4 48.2 45.5 Kilsyth East 27.2 29.5 30.9 35.0 36.8 37.1 36.3 40.7 41.4 and Croy Kirkshaws 34.1 35.6 36.8 37.6 39.8 41.3 42.2 44.8 43.2 Kirkwood and 32.8 33.3 34.4 36.0 38.2 40.8 40.2 40.9 42.9 Bargeddie Ladywell 29.4 30.9 30.3 33.9 34.6 34.8 39.0 37.8 40.0 Milnwood 38.5 40.2 41.9 44.3 47.0 47.5 49.3 48.6 47.5 Moodiesburn 20.0 24.3 28.9 29.6 29.0 26.9 26.2 26.2 29.1 East Moodiesburn 24.9 27.7 30.0 32.4 31.7 35.2 37.0 38.8 41.6 West Motherwell 33.3 36.2 37.2 40.7 43.0 46.0 46.7 47.0 44.6 North Motherwell 32.9 36.6 39.6 44.4 45.7 47.8 49.4 51.2 50.3 South Motherwell 31.6 33.1 33.6 34.0 36.3 40.2 41.0 40.5 41.4 West Muirhouse and 32.5 34.7 36.8 39.0 41.7 44.8 43.5 46.8 48.1 Knowetop Netherton and 31.3 33.7 35.4 37.0 40.2 42.4 44.2 44.1 44.4 Kirkhill Newarthill 32.8 35.6 37.5 38.7 42.0 43.0 45.2 45.6 44.3 Newmains 29.6 31.7 33.2 35.5 37.4 37.9 39.6 39.7 41.5 Orbiston 34.0 35.6 37.3 38.7 41.3 42.6 41.8 44.8 48.0 Overtown 37.6 38.5 40.0 41.9 42.7 44.6 44.9 42.4 46.0 Pather 33.5 35.1 39.2 40.9 42.7 44.4 43.8 45.0 46.8 Petersburn 32.0 33.6 35.4 37.3 39.8 44.7 43.5 42.9 44.0 Seafar 31.4 35.4 36.8 36.2 39.4 40.6 43.0 46.1 46.1 Shawhead and 32.3 32.1 33.6 35.7 33.9 37.6 41.1 40.7 42.7 Whifflet Shotts 27.4 26.3 29.1 30.8 32.2 36.0 37.8 38.4 34.8 Stane 36.8 39.1 40.0 39.1 38.5 34.5 35.2 37.9 40.0 Stepps 29.6 30.0 32.5 34.2 36.6 38.3 37.6 38.3 36.9 Sunnyside and 33.9 35.8 37.0 37.1 40.2 40.2 39.7 39.9 43.4 Cliftonville Thrashbush 27.4 29.2 30.9 33.2 35.7 37.7 38.1 40.3 42.4 Townhead 29.3 31.0 32.5 32.0 34.2 35.7 36.9 39.9 40.6 Viewpark 33.0 34.3 38.3 38.5 41.4 42.8 43.6 43.7 43.1 Village and 34.8 37.1 41.1 43.0 45.8 45.7 47.8 46.6 49.4 Castlecary Westfield 23.8 24.4 26.8 26.7 27.4 32.1 35.2 35.8 35.6 Wishaw East 27.4 31.1 30.0 35.1 37.1 38.0 37.1 38.0 40.2 Wishaw North 35.6 35.6 38.1 38.8 41.1 42.2 43.7 42.8 44.0 Wishaw South 35.1 38.2 37.2 39.4 40.7 43.1 45.5 45.2 46.3 Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

28 9. IB Claimants by length of time on IB Figures 22 & 23 show the number of IB claimants by length of time on IB expressed as a percent of the total stock population in Scotland and North Lanarkshire.

Figure 22 Total IB Claimants by Length of Time on IB in Scotland 100

80

60

40

% of Total IB Claimants 20

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

0 to 3 months 3 to 6 months 6 to 12 months 1 to 2 years 2 to 5 years Over 5 years

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Figure 23 Total IB Claimants by Length of Time on IB in North Lanarkshire 100

80

60

40

% of Total IB Claimants 20

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

0 to 3 months 3 to 6 months 6 to 12 months 1 to 2 years 2 to 5 years Over 5 years

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

The majority of claimants have been claiming for more than two years, with 59.1% claiming for over 5 years in North Lanarkshire in 2008.

29 Figure 24 shows the rate of off flow by the length of time claiming IB for North Lanarkshire from 2000 to 2008. The rate of off flow is expressed as a percentage of the total stock population in that length of time on IB category.

Figure 24 Rate of Off Flow by Length of Time on IB in North Lanarkshire 140 120 100 80 60 40 Rate of FlowOff (%) 20 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year

0 to 3 months 3 to 6 months 6 to 12 months 1 to 2 years 2 to 5 years Over 5 years

Scottish Observatory for Work and Health, University of Glasgow (Data Source: DWP)

Off flow rates decrease dramatically as length of time on IB increases.

10. Off flow destination data – restricted access We have data from 2007 and 2008 which allows us to answer the following specific research questions. However at this stage the data has restricted access and can not be placed in the public domain.

1. What is the first destination of the off flow claimants? 2. How many IB claimants return to work after leaving IB? 3. What characteristics delineate those who enter work after leaving IB? 4. How many people remain in work 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after leaving IB?

30 References

1. Brown, J, Hanlon, P, Webster, D, Turok, I, Arnott, J, and Macdonald, E. B. Turning the tap off! Incapacity benefit in Glasgow and Scotland - Trends over the past five years. 2007. The Glasgow Centre for Population Health.

2. Brown J, Hanlon P, Turok I, Webster D, Arnott J, Macdonald EB. Establishing the potential for using routine data on Incapacity Benefit to assess the local impact of policy initiatives. Journal of Public Health 2008; 30 :54-9.

The Scottish Observatory for Work and Health is funded by the Glasgow Centre for Population Health, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, NHS Lanarkshire, Scottish Centre for Healthy Working Lives and the Scottish Government Health Directorates.

For more information, contact Dr Judith Brown: [email protected] www.gla.ac.uk/sowh

We are grateful to DWP for providing these data. We would also like to acknowledge Bruce Whyte and David Walsh from the Glasgow Centre for Population Health for their help with the population data.

31