24224 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 1,4, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS REPORT ON U.S. POLICY a renouncement of further military or The Human Rights Commission TOWARD EL SALVADOR paramilitary activity; and The Human Rights Commission was es­ the electoral process with internation­ tablished by executive decree on December ally recognized observers." 1, 1982, beginning formal activities on Janu­ HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO CONCLUSIONS ary 3, 1983. Seven members make up the OF CALIFORNIA The government of El Salvador is making commission appointed by the executive. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES significant progress in each of the four Members will serve for two years. The major areas specified by Public Law 97-113 present commission chairman is Monse:nor Wednesday, September 14, 1983 and therefore merits continued United Freddy Delgado A. Since they undertook e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, States economic and military assistance. their duties they have received 303 formal I would like to bring to the attention The Apaneca Pact set the stage for subse­ petitions protesting human rights violations of my colleagues the following report quent government actions which provide of which 126 have been successfully re­ by Col. Samuel T. Dickens, USAF of the Human Rights Commission report analysis to determine whether that country states that 50 percent of the blame for El was making sufficient progress to warrant approved by them on July 15, 1983, covering Salvadors disastrous economic status today the period January 1 through June 30, 1983. continued economic and military assistance is due to the negative policies implemented from the United States as provided by This report refutes independent reports by since the 1979 coup. unauthorized sources which would have one Public Law 97-113. Colonel Dickens, a direc­ The Congress should undertake a careful tor of New World Dynamics, was represent­ believe that the El Salvadoran government look at policies which the United States is bears primary responsibility for the killings ing a coalition of organizations known as enforcing El Salvador to follow. Assump­ the Central American Freedom Alliance taking place in that beleaguered country. tions are being made about "Agrarian Take the figure of 3,421 which includes . Reform" which do not bear close scrutiny. The process by which the President of the combat casualties (dead and wounded), This "look" or formal analysis should deter­ homicides and murders. Of the total of United States must "certify" that El Salva­ mine whether we are offering the best op­ dor is making progress in certain areas in 3,421 deaths and casualties the FMLN portunities for alleviating poverty in El Sal­ accept a total of 1,644 casualties. order to receive continued United States vador through a free market economy and support was established by Section 728 of free enterprise or whether, the United In tum the El Salvadoran Armed Forces the International Security and Develop­ States is encouraging a strong central gov­ accept losses of 813. These combat casual­ ment Cooperation Act of 1981 guise of economic and agrarian "re­ <2,457> are subtracted from total deaths in Every six months, the President must cer­ forms." ... El Salvador during the first six months of tify to Congress that the government of El 1983 we have a difference of 964. It is this Salvador ... ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS total which should have closer scrutiny. The "(1) is making a concerted and significant Apaneca Pact 964 deaths would appear to be civilian effort to comply with internationally recog­ On August 3, 1982 the President of the deaths. nized human rights; Republic, the political party leaders and The Human Rights Commission analysis "(2) is achieving substantial control over representatives of the Constituent Assembly concludes: Civilian deaths by terrorist acts, all elements of its own armed forces, so as to joined together and signed a basic govern­ 222; civilian deaths thru military operations, bring to an end the indiscriminate torture ment platform called the Apaneca Pact. The 23; civilian deaths by unidentified persons, and murder of Salvadoran citizens by those primary purpose of the pact was to respond 676; deaths attributed to unknown organiza. forces; to the popular mandate of the March 28, tions, 43; total 964. "<3> is making continued progress in im­ 1982, elections, which would lead the coun­ The Human Rights Commission charges plementing essential economic and political try to peace, social and economic progress. the terrorists . begin discussions with all major political ty and efforts to strengthen international What most analysts are not appreciating factions in El Salvador which have declared support. when analyzing deaths is that the country is their willingness to find and implement an In order to help bring about these objec­ engaged in a total guerrilla war. These ana­ equitable political solution to the conflict, tives three commissions were formed: the lysts make the false assumption that the with such solution to involve a commitment Peace Commission, the Human Rights Com­ guerrilla war only involves combatants in to: mission and the Political Commission. the mountains, on the slopes of volcanos

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. September 11,., 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24225 and by various sized organized military portation system. This involved the dyna­ which exceeded 500 hectares. In most cases units. To make this assumption is to ignore miting, machinegunning, setting on fire of owners were not allowed to remove any of the realities of guerrilla war which in fact buses, private cars, farm workers transpor­ their personal possessions including clothes, has the enemy operating in every part of tation, railroad cars, trucks and commercial books, furniture and all private property in the country, in the cities, and infiltrating vehicles. There were 17 attacks against their living quarters. This included automo­ every sector of government and the econo- bridges, roads, railroad bridges and railroad biles and private aircraft, with limited ex­ my. . lines. The government suffered 83 attacks ceptions. Though the owners were by law Discussions with key government officials by fire, machinegunning and dynamite di­ authorized to retain 100 hectares for their confirms their desire to eliminate human rected against offices, court houses, schools own development that authority has only rights abuses. They recognize the impor­ and the judiciary system. There were 975 recently come into play. The owner does not tance of continued public support by Salva­ vehicle thefts during this sixth month select the 10 hectares as the government doran citizens evidenced by the over 80 per­ period. There were 25 attacks against the makes this decision often resulting in the cent of the electorate participation in the agricultural activities involving damage to owner being granted the least productive March 28, 1982, elections. They do not want fields of sugar cane, cotton and coffee. El and fertile property. In most cases the pri­ to alienate that support. Additionally they Salvador's economy depends on the export vate owners have had no access to their pri­ are fully aware of the importance of inter­ of these three crops which are directly af­ vate homes on the expropriated property. national acceptance of their government fected as well by power outages, vehicle de­ In order to understand the impact and sig­ and the importance of continued United struction, road and railroad outs as well as nificance of Phase I of the agrarian reform States support, economic and military, to telephone outages. . . . one should study the report, "Agrarian ensure their survival. The Amnesty Board Reform In El Salvador," by Checchi and An analysis of the 137 kidnappings by de­ The Amnesty Board has been created to Company, 1730 Rhode Island Ave., N.W., partments where they took place is authorize amnesty to those who have taken Washington, D.C., 20036, published Janu­ revealing. The most kidnappings (42) took up arms against the government now wish­ ary, 1983 which was commissioned by the place in the department of Chalatenango, a ing to surrender, those who have been proc­ Agency for International Development major combat area. Second in kidnappings essed or sentenced for political crimes, those of the United States government. was San Salvador with <24). Other major who have been sentenced for politically mo­ Only reading the summary will not provide areas where kidnappings have taken placed tivated crimes for terms of less than four sufficient understanding of the disastrous are San Vicente <10), Usulutan <14), and years and served six months in prison. effect that implementing agrarian reform Morazan <15 ), all major combat areas. This The Amnesty Board is composed of three has had on El Salvador. A thorough study closely ties the kidnappings to the areas members and was created by Decree No. 210 of the report should be made. where most of the fighting takes place. The United States Congress through the Communist guerrillas effectively use kid­ of the Constituent Assembly on May 4, napping as a means to control small towns 1983. It was expected to be in existence for process of "certification" is requiring that and villages through intimidation, removing 60 days however, its life was extended an ad­ El Salvador proceed with certain "reforms" leaders; mayors, teachers and other author­ ditional 30 days into the first few days of which include agrarian reform, nationalized ity figures. Chart II bears this out identify­ August 1983. banking and foreign trade. These "reforms" ing terrorists insecurity and high unemployment. Produce ductivity of all commercial activities. The Agrarian Reform began with the delivered to market was not immediately There were 355 attacks on the electrical Armed Forces proclamation of October 15, paid for by the Government. grid system of the country involving the de­ 1979, in which, among various points, it was This same June 1982 petition stated that struction of power distribution centers, high stated that measures would be adopted to if the farm workers were to be given the tension towers, posts, transformers and make an equitable distribution of the na­ property then the previous owners should other line cuts. The telecommunications tion's wealth. be paid as the workers were unhappy to system suffered 71 attacks against tele­ On March 6, 1980, the Army physically benefit from property taken from others. phone lines, grid systems and line cuts. took possession, at the point of the gun and The farm workers asked for major efforts to There were 180 attacks against the trans- without formal notice, of all properties reopen sugar and coffee mills in Ahuacha- 24226 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 14, 1983 pan. They reiterated the need for early pay­ . without any subsequent response. Later, I flew to the eastern part of the ANEP officials stated that the national­ Refugee Centers country to visit with the Salvadoran Cotton ized banks were now a government monopo­ Cooperative. This cooperative represents in­ ly, in the hands of a few with no competi­ Two refugee centers were visited. One at dependent groups owning their own proper­ Santa Tecla just west of the capital city of tion. Interest rates were higher and the gov­ San Salvador. The other at Cojutepeque to ty banding together for joint ventures. In­ ernment controlled 100 percent of the ac­ cluded in this group as association members tions. The banks were now attempting to the east on the Pan American Highway. were the so called "cooperatives" created by sell bonds representing 49 percent of assets; Santa Tecla has been operating for over the agrarian reform decree. The President 20 percent of these were available for sale to three years. There are over 800 refugees of "Cooperativa Algodonera Salvadorena, bank employees and 29 percent to the there. A number of the men have found Ltda." took me through the facilities there public. Public newspaper notices of offer­ work in the surrounding urban area and a at San Miguel as well as at La Carrera in ings were getting few takers. The public had few are engaged in minor work programs the department of Usulutan. little confidence since the banks had been creating small profits for basic food necessi­ Cotton production was down for two pri­ taken over by the military, intervening with ties. Refugees at Santa Tecla come from two mary reasons; terrorist, guerrillas with their armored cars in a simultaneous takeover of areas in Morazan department and had been destruction and the agrarian reform. Inter­ all banks. For three years three people have moved out of these areas for their own pro­ national credit was sorely lacking. been providing the provisional directorship tection. A comparison of recent yields with the of the banks. These managers have no expe­ The Cojutepeque refugee center had been 1978-79 harvest as a data base: rience in economic analysis. As there is no operating a month and existed because of Raw cotton for 1980-81 was 59.05 percent competition between the banks, preference the exodus of refugees fleeing fighting, pri­ of base year. for credits have been directed to govern­ marily from the Suchitoto town area. This Raw cotton for 1981-82 was 54.39 percent ment monopolies, such as the agrarian town has been taken by the guerrilla, retak­ of base year. reform. Bank loans to the private sector en by the army and then been involved in Cotton production for 1980-81 was 63.33 have been greatly affected by the lack of renewed fighting. These civilians had not percent of base year. bank competition and the direction of cred­ been displaced by the army for their protec­ Cotton production for 1981-82 was 63.82 its to government agencies. Bank loan avail­ tion but rather were fleeing the guerrillas. percent of base year. ability has been sharply curtailed. Young workers, representing the Green Profits were down in 1980-81 by 68.29 per­ These ANEP officials requested that Cross, were painstakingly reporting names cent of base year. United States economic assistance be chan­ of individuals at the Cojutepeque refugee Profits were down in 1981-82 by 49.61 per­ neled to the private sector to encourage the center. Again there was no evidence of inter­ cent of base year. free market economy and private business. national support for these several hundred Production by cotton properties affected refugees and the Green Cross was the only by "agrarian reform" was 8 percent less Armed Forces representative at both refugee camps vis­ than the unconfiscated properties; 41.76 The new Defense Minister, Carlos Eu­ ited. percent of the total properties associated genio Vides Casanova, takes pride in the ini­ The lack of concern by the international with the Cooperative Algodonera Salvador­ tiatives being taken by the army over the community for the tribulations being en­ ena were properties confiscated by the guerrillas. He hopes to keep the guerrillas dured by the Salvadoran people is testimony agrarian reform decree. on the defensive while providing protection to the effectiveness of communist propagan­ During 1982 the eastern departments were to civilians in those areas cleared of guerril­ da. El Salvador has been made an outcast without electricity for 200 days, due to guer­ las. General Vides Casanova spoke proudly nation without justification. rilla actions. Guerrillas additionally de­ of extensive civic actions underway in bridge Another View of Agrarian Reform stroyed cotton fields, warehouses, and rail­ and road reconstruction, rebuilding of clin­ My visit to the local Army commander at road cars loaded with cotton. ics and schools while providing protection to Zacatecoluca was with two men who owned Asociacion Nacional de la Empresa Privada farm workers and public transportation. farming property in nearby department San fANEPJ A visit to a local commander at Zacateco­ luca confirmed the enthusiasm for civic Vicente. For some time this area near the National Association of Private Enter­ action and the zeal to secure the area for slopes of the San Vicente volcano has been prise: I met in executive session with ANEP farm workers to work their land. This Lieu­ terrorized by guerrillas. In the past the leaders who represent 31 different groups tenant Colonel told of his efforts to coordi­ army has not been able to provide sufficient covering all privately owned sectors of the nate army support with local mayors and force to maintain control so that the guer­ economy. They stated that the threat of in­ other town leadership to gain civilian confi­ rillas have always been able to return. stituting the second phase of the agrarian dence in army supportive actions. These two men own property less than 500 reform should be lifted as owners were not hectares in size and thus not confiscated working their property. As long as this Military Hospital under Phase I of the Agrarian reform. They threat continued production would be down, A visit to the military hospital confirmed had been forced to leave because of guerrilla dramatically affecting coffee production, a the propaganda success of the communists actions. The ambitious and confident Lieu­ major source of foreign exchange. and Europe. There was no evidence of any action programs, the mutual cooperation be­ Phase I agrarian reform confiscations of international support by way of assistance. tween army units, his headquarters and ci­ property over 500 hectares have not been Some foreign equipment is being made vilian authorities. He carefully outlined his properly compensated for. Owners have available but the military sadly lack ade­ activities and efforts to create an atmos­ been receiving a maximum of 2% of land quate medicines, equipment and supplies. phere of confidence in the army in their value in cash. The difference has been han­ The hospital was crowded with over 330 ability to keep the guerrillas from their de­ dled with bonds having 3, 5 and 20 years for patients. Passageways werefull of beds with structive raids of the farm lands. redemption. Many considered these worth­ patients. Expansion of hospital facilities The two farm owners and I drove back to less. The government used a tax base for was not keeping pace with requirements. San Salvador with considerable optimism. the period 1976-77 without consideration The hospital commander informed me The two seemed eager to accept the Colo­ for any real improvements to property that there was a shortage of doctors. Para­ nels' offer to come back and work their during the intervening period. medical training being conducted by a property under the army's protection. During the confiscation process of Phase I United States military medical team would Shortly that optimism collapsed like a there were 100 cases of property seizures help alleviate suffering of combat wounded popped balloon. which were less than the required 500 hec­ in war areas. However at this time doctors In San Salvador we met with several Sal­ tares. Special government decrees main­ were required to move to forward combat vadoran men in a private home. The two tained government ownership of these prop­ areas to treat wounded despite inadequate men who had accompanied me to the army erties rather than returning them to the facilities, and shortage of medical supplies headquarters in Zacatecoluca told of their owners. They too have been inadequately and equipment in these areas. There were optimism and their confidence in the Army compensated for the loss of their properties. insufficient helicopters to perform needed colonel. Immediately one of the men September 11,., 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24227 present raised his voice in anger. He pound­ faces and scenes that surrounded him left wondering how much more could ed the table with his fist and said, "Trust at home in America. Americans of Hispanic Heritage, the army! How can we? The army took our William Carlos Williams wrote in blacks, Asian-Americans, American-In­ property away at the point of a gun in 1980, and now you say trust them and go back to 1917: dians, and others have contributed work our farms? Don't you remember what My townspeople, beyond in the great world, had they not experienced the pro­ Morales Ehrlich . But the "These are fundamental changes," says U.S. the issue of protectionism is one which demand for protection is not limited to Trade Representative William Brock, "and will again confront the Congress autos: no amount of protectionism is going to should H.R. 1234, the domestic con­ The U.S. steel industry has called on the change that. Those industries are going to tent legislation, be scheduled for floor government to force a one-third cutback in have to adjust to survive." consideration after the jurisdiction of Japanese steel imports. Part of the adjustment requires trimming The Senate passed a resolution calling for bloated wage rates, wages that help make the Committee on Ways and Means a tax penalty on companies purchasing cer­ our products-particularly cars and steel­ expires no later than September 26, tain kinds of machine tools from Japan. uncompetitive in the world market. that is 1983. Unfortunately, domestic content precisely why the U.S. trade-union move­ is but the tip of a possible protection­ A 1982 quota on sugar imports added $600 ment, traditionally pro-free trade, has ist iceberg that is floating aimlessly in million a year to the estimated $2 billion become the vanguard of protectionism. the ocean of the economy. If we suc­ American consumers were already spending UNFAIR COMPETITION? cumb to the demands of one industry, to protect domestic sugar growers. Underlying this mood is the passion in­ in this case the auto sector, we will be Indeed, it is the consumer who pays for it spired by the imports of one country: Japan. hard pressed to resist the claims of when government interferes to protect do­ In playing the "Japanese card," U.S. politi­ others. mestic industries and their workers from cians talk about an ally in language usually foreign competition. Consider the 1977 reserved for enemies. Rep. John D, Dingell In the August 1983 issue of Reader's agreement in which South Korea and refers to "the little yellow Digest, nationally syndicated colum­ Taiwan bowed to Washington's pressure and people." Rep. Donald J. Pease as­ nists Rowland Evans and Robert limited their shoe exports to the United serts that "while Japanese cars invade our Novak look at the rise in protectionist States. Over the next four years $23 million highways, American workers pay for the de­ sentiment and what it means for our in additional wages was paid to U.S. shoe fense of Japan." Former Vice President economy and national security. In workers-while Americans in general paid Walter F. Mondale warns that our kids may their article, "Protectionism: A Call to more than $1 billion in higher shoe prices. end up "sweeping up around Japanese com­ Chaos", the authors state: A U.S. tariff on clothing imports cost con­ puters and serving fast-food hamburgers" sumers more than $5 billion and resulted in the rest of their lives. But the most serious menace posed by the only $213 million in wages to textile work­ Behind the overheated rhetoric is last return of protectionism is not so much a ers. A tariff on citizens-band radios saved year's $16.8-billion trade deficit with rising cost of living as it is the increased po­ $60,000 in U.S. wages from 1979 through Japan-larger than our $15-billion deficit tential for an outbreak of commercial war 1981-at a cost to the buying public of $114 with all the rest of the world. Tokyo's trade between nations. By blocking the arteries of million. policies infuriate would-be American export­ trade, protectionism actually deepens the But the most serious menace posed by the ers. For instance, aluminum baseball bats economic slump it is supposed to end. With return of protectionism is not so much a exported to Japan were subjected to exten­ bellicose nationalism stimulated dangerous­ rising cost of living as it is the increased po­ sive dock-side "safety examinations." Simi­ ly, countries retaliate one against the other tential for an outbreak of commercial war lar testing for "standards" is said by U.S. in an escalating cycle of trade restrictions. between nations. By blocking the arteries of producers to block exports of pharmaceuti­ That leads to a breakdown in international trade, protectionism actually deepens the cals and medical and dental equipment. In order factor of the Great Depression, "The world market-a technique now being applied to must never live through such a nightmare advanced computers, telecommunications, From all sides-labor, industry, Congress­ again," says Reagan. "We're in the same aircraft and biotechnology. Indeed, Japan's come angry cries for restrictions on imports. boat with our trading partners. If one part­ insistence on "domestic content"-that is, a These cries must be resisted, for history ner shoots a hole in the boat, does it. make large share built by Japanese workers-in clearly shows that protection inevitably pro­ sense for the other one to shoot another military aircraft purchased from American duces higher prices-and economic disaster hole in the boat? Some say yes, and call that manufacturers is cited by the UA W as justi­ for all. getting tough. Well, I call it stupid." fication for its own domestic-content legisla­ In Peoria, Ill., the president of United tion for autos. Auto Workers Local 974 complains that ADJUSTMENT PAINS 7000 of his members have been laid off at Signs of economic recovery last winter RAISING THE PRICE the Caterpillar Tractor plants there. The stirred hopes that the protectionist dragon The Japanese share of the U.S. auto only "solution," he says, is stringent federal would be caged before it rampaged. But eco- market rose from 11 percent to 21 percent September 11,, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24237 between 1978 and 1982, while the American Renewed efforts to improve productivity least likely entity one would choose to share was dropping from 85 percent to 75. to achieve a more competitive international make microeconomic decisions, the Whatever the UAW says, so dramatic a position. grandiose vision of industrial policy change in U.S. consumer preference cannot Revision of antitrust statutes to permit be written off as a result of unfair competi­ U.S. companies-especially auto compa­ advocates suffers from a basic flaw: tion from "slave labor." nies-to engage in joint ventures. Such ven­ The fact that the common view of the Far from it. Consumer surveys show that tures could cut engineering and manufac­ Japanese experience is the result of we buy Japanese cars for two main reasons: turing costs and improve our competitive fundamental misinterpretation. reliability and economy of operation. Sixty­ footing in world markets. In an incisive article which recently six percent of owners of Japanese cars in Job retraining, with private employers appeared in Fortune, David Henderson America report trouble-free operation, com­ training displaced workers for jobs that do shows clearly that "the idea that cen­ pared with 42 percent for U.S.-produced or will exist rather than government train­ tral planning is responsible for Japan's cars. Sixty-two percent of U.S. drivers rate ing for nonexistent positions. success is a myth." Henderson goes on their Japanese cars as "excellent" or "very Such a program lacks the political appeal good" in fuel economy, compared with 14 of protectionism, but it manages to skirt the to point out that "the real explanation percent for U.S. models. latter's dangerous consequences. "The for the Japanese economic miracle is To reverse this massive preference for the motive of all these [protectionist] regula­ the country's laissez-faire policies on foreign product, the Reagan Administration tions," Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth of taxes, antitrust, banking, and labor. in its early months bowed to intense lobby­ Nations, "is to extend our own manufac­ Japan teaches a lesson, not about the ing from the U.S. auto industry and negoti­ tures, not by their own improvements but value of economic planning, but about ated a "voluntary" two-year limitation on by the depression of those of all our neigh­ the vitality of the free market." Japanese imports. Asserting that he was bors." The United States must strive to solve its own industrial problems without It is this lesson which is not yet fully "uncomfortable" with this voluntary pro­ understood by many who speak favor­ gram, Brock nevertheless went to Tokyo shooting additional holes in the worldwide last February to discuss a two-year exten­ economy-and drowning us all.e ably of industrial policy, whether in sion. Any long-term extension, he suggests, the context of Japan or the United "will become counterproductive" by hiding States. The industrial policy debate defects in the American automobile indus­ THE MYTH OF MITI will have served a valuable purpose, try. Unsatisfied, the UAW launched its ag­ however, if it leads to a recognition of gressive domestic content campaign to cut HON. NORMAN D. SHUMWAY the fact that when government at­ vehicle imports by 1.15 million a year. OF CALIFORNIA tempts to intervene in the economy, it What would a UAW victory mean? Ac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES often makes things worse-and that, if cording to government studies, such legisla­ tion would add $333 to the price of each new Wednesday, September 14, 1983 the Japanese "miracle" is to occur in car. Or put another way: the estimated the United States, the proper role for e Mr. SHUMWAY. Mr. Speaker, a government is to create an economic 100,000 new jobs created here by the cut in conunon thread running through Japanese imports could cost American con­ climate in which business can flourish. sumers some $4.8 billion annually. In effect, much of the current debate about in­ The full text of Mr. Henderson's ar­ all American workers, deprived of lower­ dustrial policy is the belief that ticle follows: priced foreign competition, would be subsi­ Japan's dramatic economic success can [From Fortune Magazine, Aug. 8, 19831 dizing the fat paychecks negotiated over the be traced to the ~despread and ex­ years by the UA W. fringes; the average U.S. industrial worker my. It is often argued that in its abili­ Early in the 1950s, a small consumer-elec­ gets $16,500.) Nor do those 100,000 new jobs ty, largely through MITI, to centrally come without job loss elsewhere. Opponents tronics company in Japan asked the Japa­ assert that domestic content legislation plan and coordinate business activity, nese government for permission to buy tran­ would close 2,000 foreign-car dealerships, to subsidize and protect industrial sec­ sistor-manufacturing rights from Western ending 65,000 jobs and endangering another tors and individual companies deemed Electric. Permission was necessary because 11,000 jobs in U.S. ports. important to economic growth, and to at the time foreign exchange was controlled Perhaps the most eloquent argument identify favorable new areas where by the tax and trade ministries. The Minis­ against the domestic-content bill was ex­ global market share can be achieved try of International Trade and Industry re­ pressed by Joseph E. Coberly, Jr.. a Califor­ fused, arguing that the technology wasn't lies the key to Japan's dynamic impressive enough to justify the expendi­ nia Chevrolet dealer. "If the Japanese can growth, competitiveness, and hopes produce good cars for less cost than we can, ture. Two years later the company persuad­ they should," he told Congress. "It does no for continued prosperity. ed MITI to reverse its decision and went on one any good to force consumers to pay Advocates of this view are generally to fame and fortune with the transistor more for cars than necessary and to keep among those calling most forcefully radio. Its name: Sony. Americans in inefficient jobs. If consumers for the adoption of an explicit indus­ In the mid-1950s MITI exhorted a Japa­ could buy cheaper cars, the money saved trial policy in the United States. While nese industry to develop a prototype "peo­ would be spent on other products or per­ relatively few recommend that the ple's" model of its product so MITI could haps on whole new industries that produce designate the winning firm as the single Federal Government should be in the producer. In the 1960s MITI tried to force things we can make more cheaply than the business of picking specific winners Japanese do." this industry's many firms to merge into and losers, industrial policy propo­ just a few. Both times the companies re­ FUTURE TRACK nents generally believe that the prob­ buffed MITI, and today they're doing very What are the practical alternatives to pro­ lems of the perceived decline in U.S. well, thank you. Their product: autos. tectionism? The clearest need is for an eco­ industrial competitiveness, of our In his favorable review of Chalmers John­ nomic policy geared to growth-which "smokestack" sector. and of the vari­ son's MITI and the Japanese Miracle, means holding the line against new tax in­ Robert Lubar, a member of FoRTUNE's board creases. Equally obvious is the need for con­ ous dislocations caused by a changing of editors, accepted Johnson's view that tinued negotiations with Japan on mutually economy can best be solved by greater Japan's postwar success is largely due to freer trade, a prospect improved by the ac­ government intervention in our econo­ MITI's central planning

11-059 Q-87-47 (Pt. 17) 24238 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 14, 1983 the country's laissez-faire policies on taxes, What causes the high savings rate? Here gall Act, prohibits banks from owning stock. antitrust, banking, and labor. Japan teaches again, culture is partly responsible. But so is Banks own much of the stock in Japanese a lesson not about the value of economic the design of the tax system. Since the early companies, and many bank officers sit on planning, but about the vitality of the free 1950s, savers in Japan have been allowed to company boards. This, according to William market. exempt large amounts of interest income Ouchi, author of "Theory z: How American American businessmen may believe that from taxation. In 1981, for example, a tax­ Business Can Meet the Japanese Chal­ Japan's government was responsible for the payer who saved part of his wages through lenge," is a better discipline on managers Japanese steel industry's growth. In fact, ac­ an employer-run savings plan paid no taxes cording to the U.S. Federal Trade Commis­ on interest on the first $22,600. Also, inter­ than a takeover threat. Professor Ouchi sion, the subsidy to Japanese steelmakers est on the first $13,600 in a postal savings claims that Japanese bankers providing cap­ averaged a paltry 46 cents per metric ton account-in Japan the post office offers a ital to companies are often intimately famil­ from 1951 to 1975. limited range of financial services-is tax­ iar with the companies and thus have the The U.S. semiconductor industry credits free. Those without qualms about lawbreak­ knowledge and power to replace managers central planning for Japan's recent strides ing could theoretically hold one such ac­ who fail to seek the long-run profitability in producing 64K RAM computer memory count at each post office-there are more that is in the banks' interest. Moreover, chips. But an industry trade association re­ than 20,000-because postal savings officials banks in Japan, able to take equity positions cently reported that Japan's fastest-growing tolerate multiple accounts. In fact, accord­ in companies, are a source of venture cap­ 64K producer, Oki Electric, was not part of ing to a study by the Hudson Institute, a ital. MITI's R&D project. Moreover, Oki was the think tank founded by the late Herman A further advantage of allowing banks to first Japanese manufacturer to test the Kahn, there are twice as many postal sav­ own stock is that a bank confident of a com­ state-of-the-art 256K chip. ings accounts in Japan as there are people. pany's future can back it when creditors get Central planning, according to Philip Tre­ Other features of the Japanese tax system scared. Later, if the company performs well, zise, a Japan expert at the Brookings Insti­ encourage growth. The maximum tax rate the bank profits from its equity position. tution, simply isn't as important in Japan as on dividends is 35 percent, vs. 50 percent in That happened in the case of Toyo Kogyo, Western observers think. MITI sets growth the U.S. Capital gains from the sale of secu­ targets, advises firms how to reach them, rities are untaxed. Low inheritance and gift the Japanese company that makes Mazda and lobbies for its policy views within the taxes allow wealthy Japanese to transfer autos. When the 1974 oil price increase government; its direct power to allocate re­ most of their wealth to their heirs. In 1970, made its fuel-inefficient Wankel engine un­ sources is small. The Japanese central gov­ for example, the inheritance tax rate on es­ competitive, Toyo Kogyo almost went ernment does invest heavily in local govern­ tates valued at over 100 million yen

LEWIS LAUDS OPTIMISM OF d. Less unemployment...... 23 Less Same FLORIDA 12TH DISTRICT RESI­ e. Balanced budget ...... 23 1 24 15 61 DENTS ~~t~::e=~~~~~~:···················· < > t ~~r":::ier ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 41 16 43 Which of the following should Congress I. Highway construction and improvement...... 40 11 49 HON. TOM LEWIS do: OF FLORIDA a. Continue to support President • Reagan's economic program ...... 49 LET'S GET ON WITH SYNFUELS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES b. Make slight adjustments in the Wednesday, September 14, 1983 President's economic program...... 24 c. Make significant adjustments in HON. JOHN MURTHA e Mr. LEWIS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, President's program ...... 16 OF PENNSYI. VANIA the optimistic and wide-ranging re­ d. Abandon the President's pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sponses of 30,542 residents in the 12th gram because it has not worked ... 11 Wednesday, September 14, 1983 District of Florida to my 1983 congres­ Two years from now, do you expect to be: sional questionnaire were very enlight­ a. Better off...... 43 e Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, I wish ening. b. Worse off...... 18 to insert into the RECORD an editorial I was overwhelmed by the optimistic c. About the same...... 39 from the Washington Post well outlin­ and thoughtful expressions of so many Which of the following do you think will ing the need to continue strong sup­ people in the 12th District. It was en­ be our nation's biggest economic problems a port for the Synthetic Fuels Corpora­ couraging to read response after re­ year from now: tion. sponse reflecting a firm belief that a. High interest rates ...... 19 America needs to use this interim of economic recovery is in sight and that b. Unemployment ...... 44 energy peace to build our own re- positive approaches, such as prudent c. Inflation ...... 26 sources and supplies to survive the government spending policies, should d. Other decision insurance companies coinsure part of is of great importance to the many exempting railroads used for coal their business with the State-run in­ Americans of Italian heritage. After export from all ICC regulations; this surance company; the portion of busi­ visiting Rome on official business this deregulation does not apply to domes­ ness that must be coinsured vaires in­ past July, I returned convinced of the tic coal deliveries. value of maintaining good relations Coal is a low-value bulk commodity, versely with company age, thus en­ with that great nation. so transportation costs account for a trenching the position of existing com­ As a representative of the House large portion of the delivered price. panies and making penetration by for­ Energy and Commerce Committee, I Consequently, Italy has expressed con­ eign companies impossible. Foreign ex­ visited Rome from July 5 through 8, cern about possible price rises result­ change regulations and taxation, 1983, for a series of meetings and dis­ ing directly from the deregulation. moreover, impede U.S. competition. cussions with Italian Government offi­ Deregulation proponents, including With respect to defense procure­ cials, representatives of the Italian the ICC majority, believe the railroads ment, Italy believes bilateral trade re­ business community, and officials of have not interest in curtailing coal ex­ lations are unbalanced. Such concerns the U.S. Embassy in Rome. ports and that market competition are currently being discussed in a The purpose of my trip was related and natural forces of supply and United States-Italian Aerospace Work­ to several matters under the jurisdic­ demand, without interference from ing Group. tion of the Subcommittee on Com­ this regulatory agency, will establish I was impressed by the commitment merce, Transportation and Tourism, reasonable and rational rates for this of the Italian Government to good re­ of which I am chairman, and of the traffic. lations with the United States despite full Energy and Commerce Commit­ ICC Chairman Reese H. Taylor, Jr., our occasional economic differences. I tee. Discussions included ways of pro­ who dissented from the majority deci­ commend the staff of the U.S. Embas­ moting trade between our two nations, sion, believes the exemption, by shift­ sy and the many departmental at­ particularly in coal, problems encoun­ ing profits from producer to carrier, taches and counselors for continuing tered by American trade-in-services will precipitate a decline in coal ex­ to present a positive position of our with Italy, and the Italian effort in ports and thus run contrary to con­ Nation in their many dealings with promoting tourism. gressional and administration desires the Government and business commu­ Italy is America's 12th largest trad­ to increase such exports. nity. ing partner, with $9.8 billion in two­ Italy views deregulation as discrimi­ way trade in 1982. U.S. exports to nation aimed at extracting higher I also commend the leadership of Italy totaled $4.5 billion in 1982, down prices from overseas customers, ac­ our Ambassador to Italy, Maxwell from $5.3 billion in 1981. This decline cording to Commerce and State De­ Rabb, at whose invitation this mission was due in large part to the increased partment officials, and has thus was undertaken. Ambassador Rabb is a strength of the U.S. dollar relative to threatened to reduce purchases of U.S. distinguished representative of our the lira. The two nations share a coal. Italy, however, prefers to trade Nation and I look forward to working common commitment to free and fair with the United States for strategic with him in the future. trade, but problems nonetheless exist reasons-the United States is more re­ Shortly after I left Italy in July, a in bilateral trade relations. liable than other suppliers such as new Government was formed and I am Many United States-Italy trade fric­ Poland and South Africa-as well as hopeful that discussions of these vari­ tions stem from policies promulgated for economic reasons-major state­ ous issues will continue with a full ap­ by the European Economic Communi­ owned Italian firms have investments preciation for the importance of main­ ty , of which Italy is a member. in U.S. coal mines. taining the strong bond of friendship Conflicts stem from the EEC's In the travel and tourism sector, between Italy and the United States.e common agricultural policy , American businesses have complained which mandates export subsidies to about several Italian trade barriers. dispose of surplus agricultural com­ Italian Government currency allow­ modities. Italy supports the subsidies ances for citizens traveling abroad, and wants expanded protection for now the lira equivalent of $1,500 annu­ such Italian products as fresh fruits ally, may deter travel to distant desti­ and vegetables and olive oils. The nations such as the United States. United States is also concerned about Several air carrier restrictions the high tariff on almonds. hinder bilateral tourism trade. Italy September 11,., 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24241 YOUTH, MINORITIES AND THE In March of this year, Congress While I also share my colleagues' COMMUNITY RENEWAL EM­ passed legislation· intended to create hope that our economy is recovering PLOYMENT ACT (H.R. 1036) jobs for the unemployed. The Emer­ from what has been termed "the worst gency Supplemental Appropriations recession since the Great Depression," HON.AUGUSTUSF.HA~NS Act, however, merely speeds up previ­ I must remind you of the variations in OF CALIFORNIA ously planned spending and provides the effect of the alleged economic re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES additional funding to programs which covery on certain segments of our are not necessarily labor intensive. labor force. While some Americans are Wednesday, September 14, 1983 Consequently, the expected number of beginning to feel the warmth of the e Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, vari­ jobs created by this act would not sub­ recovery as it spreads throughout the ous respected economists have confi­ stantially reduce unemployment. More economy, many others, youth and mi­ dently announced that our most importantly, most of the jobs it cre­ norities in particUlar, will combat the recent economic recession "officially" ates will be public works jobs, provid­ frigid, lingering cold of the recession ended last fall. Without a doubt, they ing little assistance to minorities, who for many more years to come. These maintain, the business cycle bottomed comprise only 7.3 percent of all con­ Americans need our help. H.R. 1036 out around November. The recession struction workers. In short, existing can most efficiently and effectively has been handily defeated and eco­ law does not adequately address our render them the assistance they cur­ nomic recovery reigns supreme. current overwhelming problem of un- rently so desperately need.e · Although much of the available sta­ employment. · tistical data does suggest a recent up­ H.R. 1036, the Community Renewal surge in the economy, we should be Employment Act, is the most cost ef­ SHARING COMMENTS BY careful not to exaggerate its effects. fective, timely, and efficient means of RETIRED UNION MEMBERS While some Americans are clearly ben­ stimulating employment during a re­ efiting from the upswing in economic cessionary period. It provides job op­ HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE activity, many others, youth and mi­ portunities for youth, minorities and OF MASSACHUSETTS norities in particular, will undoubtedly others who are particularly in need of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spend several more years combating employment. The work performed the lingering effects of an economy­ would be meaningful labor on public Wednesday, September 14, 1983 wide recession. facilities and educational sites. Most e Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I ask Total civilian unemployment did importantly, the program is specifical­ unanimous consent that I be allowed drop during the period from December ly designed to supplement JTPA. It to submit for the RECORD the following 1982 to August 1983, with the white would provide jobs in area where un­ statement from some retired union jobless rate falling from 9. 7 percent in subsidized employment is severely lim­ members in my congressional district. December to 8.2 percent in August. ited due to overall economic condi­ Their feelings on medicare and the The picture for youth and minorities, tions. proposed solutions to medicare's fi­ however, which was much higher than Eligible participants under H.R. 1036 nancing problems have been brought the national average, remained more come from those groups with higher to my attention, and I have been asked than twice that of the white jobless than average rates of unemployment. to submit their comments for the rate. In December the figure was 20.8 They are individuals 16 years of age or RECORD. percent. Last month it climbed further older who have been unemployed 15 The statement follows: to 21.9 percent. out of 20 weeks, with priority for those We, the executive board of the Retirees' Statistics on youth unemployment who exhausted or who are otherwise Council of locals 254&255-IUE-AFL-CIO are equally depressing. Historically, ineligible for unemployment insur­ are calling on Congress and our Congres­ the jobless rate for this group is the ance. Particular attention would be sional representatives to halt and to restore highest of all others, and well above paid to those who have been unem­ cuts in Medicare benefits. the national average. From a high of ployed the longest and those in fami­ Absurd though it may be, it appears that the trend in American society and govern­ 24.5 percent in December, youth un­ lies in which no other member is em­ ment is to blame the elderly; i.e., the victims employment dropped to 22.2 percent ployed on a full-time basis. As a result, of high health care costs for the nation's in February. By the month of August, the very groups who would otherwise health problem, financially speaking. The however, the percentage of jobless suffer until the recovery worked its aim seems to be to reduce Medicare costs by youth stood at 23.0 percent. For black way through the economy, such as charging higher premiums for Medicare teenagers, unemployment rose from youth and minorities, would work in coverage while reducing the 49.5 percent in December to 53.0 per­ meaningful jobs during this interim benefits. cent last month. Clearly, if the long period. This is unconscionable. This attitude flies in the face of the fact that hospital costs awaited economic recovery has ar­ Finally, limited training is also avail­ are rising at the rate of 18.3 percent annual­ rived, it has not yet embraced mem­ able under the bill. For youth, part­ ly, while doctors' fees are rising at the rate bers of the teenage or black workforce. time employment must be combined of 20.3 percent. Doctors at present are aspir­ Much of the unemployment suffered with a minimum of 8 hours of educa­ ing to a life-style previously reserved for the by youth and minorities stems from tion or training which better prepares playboy children of multi-millionaires. We inadequate or obsolete occupational them for entry into the job market. do not begrudge substantial incomes for the skills. During this period of structural Employers who commit themselves to medical profession, but there must be a hiring a number of workers equal to limit. economic transformation, economic re­ The President's intention of cutting Medi­ covery alone will not totally eradicate those they are training; provide train­ care costs by forcing the elderly to pay x the unemployment rates of these ing through qualified nonprofit train­ number of dollars from day 2 of hospitaliza­ groups. With this in mind, Congress ing entities; and, agree to limit train­ tion through day 15, and y number of dol­ passed JTPA, which is designed to ac­ ing costs per individual to the maxi­ lars from day 16 through day 90 is asking commodate the training n•)eds of the mum allowable wage permitted under too much of the elderly and the needy. His structurally unemployed worker. the bill to each individual, can provide plan is typically both callous and cruel to While JTPA will have a substantial training in lieu of or in tandem with these most worthy of our citizens. Rather wages by depriving the aged and have virtually no effect during the act). As a consequence, training for oc­ the needy of their just dues, he should be current catastrophic economic situa­ cupations such as construction, car­ looking to cutting the excessive spending, tion: Not a single job will be created by pentry, plumbing, painting, and other waste and spoilage in the Pentagon's pro­ that act. jobs are available under this bill. gram. 24242 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 14, 1983 Further, let us be reminded that Federal deployment of binary weapons in their Library was begun in a small class­ employees and officials, as well as corporate countries. room with a handful of books. Today, executives and their employees enjoy very The President's proposal, and the the library has grown to contain over good health and hospital insurance. The costs of this are borne by all citizens, the conference report's acquiescence, flies 21,000 volumes and has its own build­ taxpayers and the purchasers of industrial in the face of compelling facts. Last ing. It is with much satisfaction that I products and services. Certainly, the elderly April the General Accounting Office have this opportunity to commend the are among those who pay, and they have concluded that a renewal of a chemi­ Bell Library and its many dedicated paid for decades. That they should now be cal weapons program at this time is a employees for the exemplary service excluded from such decent treatment is a poor allocation of our military budget. to our community.e very sad reflection on our society and gov­ With chemical weapons, our defensive ernment. capability is paramount. If we renew We must be aware that the elderly on production now, we will lose vital ECONOMIC RECOVERY OF THE fixed incomes must purchase such insurance CHRYSLER CORP. as Medex III or run the risk of total finan­ funds that should instead be concen­ cial ruin in the case of severe illness. The trated on a stronger defense against cost of Medex at present is $828 per year chemical warfare. HON. FERNAND J. ST GERMAIN and rising. This, added to Medicare charges The House of Representatives al­ OF RHODE ISLAND of $316.80 per year, adds up to a cost of ready concurred with these argu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $1,144.80 per year for a couple. Such insur­ ments. In the Senate, a single tie­ Wednesday, September 14, 1983 ance does not cover the costs of dental care, breaking vote was needed to include a eye care, or hearing problems. Furthermore, program for these grotesque weapons e Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, I Medicare benefits fall far short of paying on the authorization bill. It is incredi­ have asked for this time to speak so the exorbitant fees charged by doctors for that I might provide my colleagues surgery, office calls, or hospital visits. ble to me that the conferees could We repeat that a Federal cost contain­ take these two votes as a majority with an overview of earlier events I be­ ment program would be much more effec­ mandate to include this program in lieve underscore the continuing saga tive than unfairly burdening and penalizing our final bill. of the economic recovery of the Chrys­ those aged people who are the least able to Chemical weapons violate all the ler Corp. pay. Action on this matter is both essential principles of reasonable military strat­ As we now know, Chrysler was suc­ and urgent. If our Congress is truly consti­ egy. Their primary victims are civil­ cessful in outbidding some of the Na­ tuted to serve the people of our country, it tion's largest securities firms for the must act, and act now.e ians: in a chemical war, 40 million in­ nocent civilians could die, while sol­ rights to purchase 14.4 million newly diers in protective clothing remain un­ issued shares of the corporation's CHEMICAL WEAPONS harmed. We may never be able to test stock. The Federal Government thus these weapons, as there are statutory was able to reap a reward of $311.1 HON. RICHARD L. OTIINGER prohibitions against open-air testing. million for helping in the rescue of the OF NEW YORK Lastly, a renewal of our program Chrysler Corp. It is to how we got to would open the technology to other that point where we had a legitimate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES claim to any share of Chrysler that I Wednesday, September 14, 1983 nations, encouraging widespread ex­ perimentation and development. direct my comments at this time. A e Mr. OTI'INGER. Mr. Speaker, I can We must not allow the ban on these significant part of the answer lies in think of no sound argument to justify pernicious weapons to be swept away. recalling those events and happenings ending this country's 14-year morato­ I urge my colleagues to vote no on the preceding the Chrysler-congressional rium on chemical weapons manufac­ conference report to the DOD authori­ episode of 1979-80. ture. I rise today to urge my col­ zation.• Beginning in 1971, the House Com­ leagues to vote against the Depart­ mittee on Banking, Finance and Urban ment of Defense authorization confer­ Affairs-a committee of which I am ence report, and once again take a BELL LIBRARY CELEBRATES justifiably proud to serve as chairman, stand against the renewed manufac­ 70TH ANNIVERSARY became the House committee most re­ ture of these insidious weapons. sponsible for perfecting congressional There is no military reason to pro­ HON. MATIHEW G. MARTINEZ aid and comfort packages on behalf of ceed with chemical weapons produc­ OF CALIFORNIA a number of our ailing industries and tion that could cost up to $15 billion IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some of our municipalities. I am quite over the next decade. Our current sure that my fellow members are fa­ stockpile of chemical weapons pro­ Wednesday, September 14, 1983 miliar with the three most heavily vides an adequate deterrent; what we e Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Speaker, I publicized Federal loan packages­ should be pursuing is a treaty which would like to take a few moments namely those authorized for the Lock­ would ban the use or production of today to recognize and commend the heed Corp. ; such a weapon. Bell Library in Bell, Calif. The Bell Li­ New York City . All three were end prod­ would merely give the Soviets the im­ brary and it is with great pride that I ucts turned out by the Banking Com­ petus to abandon any attempt at a have the opportunity to recognize the mittee. comprehensive agreement and contin­ library's many achievements on the This phase of the Banking Commit­ ue to add to their own stockpile. While floor of the U.S. House of Representa­ tee's experiences in industrial and mu­ we maintain our opposition, we can tives. nicipal rescue plans and operations argue from strength. Throughout the 70 years of service, drew to a close in 1979 with the enact­ Furthermore, the production of Bell Library has diligently served and ment of the Chrysler Corporation these weapons threatens an already accommodated the community. It has Loan Guarantee Act, which provided strained NATO alliance. When Presi­ provided residents with information for a $3.5-billion aid package to the dent Reagan announced his plan to and materials offering a wealth of automobile company in the form of a start building chemical weapons over a knowledge, skills, and culture. Often­ $1.5 billion "carrot" in guarantees and year ago, the Governments of Britain, times we tend to take libraries for a $2 billion "stick" in financial conces­ the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, granted and overlook the many serv­ sions the company was required to and West Germany all denounced the ices provided free of charge. The Bell obtain. September 14, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24243 In all such instances, the Banking Second, with assistance from the marks than some of its contemporary Committee has been both shield and Federal Government of up to $1.5 bil­ critics seem inclined to give it. spear carrier for the Congress. We lion in loan guarantees, matched by We may be lacking in an industrial have, in my judgment, managed our the same amount in contributions policy that has an assigned role for assignment with due regard and con­ from those many other parties with an Government worked out within it, but sideration of our responsibilities to the economic stake in Chrysler's survival­ if we are so lacking, we have, at the House, and I, for one, am pleased with namely the banks, suppliers, and the same time, accomplished much these most recent results stemming unions, it was clear that Chrysler through the use of the ad hoc ap­ from the Chrysler effort. They indi­ would have a good chance of returning proach, and almost always have had to cate that some degree of Government to profitability, of returning to pro­ operate under severe pressure of time. intervention in the marketplace is not ducing badly needed fuel-efficient The Chrysler program is the latest always as risky as some critics would cars. and of preserving competition in in a series of such efforts. Like all of have us maintain. On the contrary, if what had become, and remains, a high you, I hope sincerely that it is the last there is a problem to be recognized concentrated industry. Moreover, what such effort this or any other Congress now it involves knowing beforehand was being proposed, Mr. Speaker, and is asked to make on behalf of rescuing that such intervention may provide what remains today, was provision for a portion of the American industrial unexpected benefits and that these bridging assistance over a difficult base, or in shoring up some critical ele­ benefits in turn may raise unanticipat­ period. ment of the Nation's economy. It may ed prospects for an even greater The Chrysler assistance package was help to remember where we were 10 or degree of good works to be accom­ not offered up as a permanent crutch, more years ago, and what we accom­ plished. After all, Mr. Speaker, consid­ and that point should be remembered plished in a decade or more through er what could be done with that $311.1 at all times. such programs. In that manner, per­ million: $311.1 million could fund a Third, Mr. Speaker, while past man­ haps we can take with us the lessons much-needed job retraining effort for agerial mistakes had contributed to and the wisdom of our recent past. the still many unemployed autowork­ Chrysler's difficulties, the cause of the The final chapter of the Chrysler ers; $311.1 million could provide badly company's immediate crisis in 1978-79 story is yet to be written, but of this needed mortgage payment assistance was a series of energy-related shocks. we can be certain, when it is finalized, to those many unemployed homeown­ All of them were external to the com­ the actions of the Congress in seeking ers threatened with loss of jobs pany. and not of the companies and securing guarantees that produced through no fault of their own: $311.1 making. They were. nevertheless, in exceed of $300 million in public ben­ million could provide substantial and unique to the auto industry. Through­ efits was in no small way a measure of necessary assistance for the upgrading out our consideration of the rescue its ultimate success.e of many underemployed workers in plan therefore, we were constantly these industries; and $311.1 million alert to the fact that Chrysler's situa­ could provide key and timely assist­ tion in no way set a precedent for gen­ JUDGESHIP LEGISLATION ance to many of the small and mid­ eralized Federal financial assistance to sized businesses affected by the earlier industry. HON. DAN MICA failure of Chrysler. I speak particular­ Finally, Mr. Speaker, we viewed re­ OF FLORIDA ly about parts suppliers, dealers and organization of Chrysler under bank­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES others whose welfare depended then ruptcy laws as anything but a solution and continues to depend so heavily to the problem. Consider the follow­ Wednesday, September 14, 1983 upon a healthy Chrysler Corp. ing: An automaker is unique. He pro­ • Mr. MICA. Mr. Speaker, today I am Moreover, Mr. Speaker, if we were to duces, generally speaking, expensive introducing legislation to combat the tum these ungainly profits toward the consumer products. These are prod­ dramatic increase in criminal cases treatment of some of these social and ucts dependent upon the confidence of awaiting judgments in the Southern economic ills, we could provide a menu the consumer in the producer's future Judicial District of Florida. of accomplishment that could prove and are dependent upon an extensive As you may know, the new Federal most satisfying to those who are most network of dealers for service and war­ task force on crime has launched a critical of Government involving inter­ ranty work. The best judgment we major initiative against crime and par­ vention in the marketplace. could come up with in 1979 for 1982 was taken over by a Reagan admin­ the hearts of Mexicans, a desire that While President Reagan is preoccupied istration appointee. This produced an would see them through long years of with international crises, his New Right ap­ outcry among women's groups and in Con­ constant struggle. Today we celebrate pointees in the Department of Education gress and Wolfe was later reinstated. that inextinguishable flame and pay are quietly getting away with mischief that Congress has also repeatedly rescued tribute to a people with a fiercely de­ will give the Democrats wonderful ammuni­ WEEA from administration efforts to kill it termined human spirit and a great tion to fire into the gender gap. by taking away its funding. But this time In the weeks immediately preceding the the program's staunch supporters on the ability to endure and to fight for the Korean airline crash, the president toured Hill have been unable to block the reorgani­ freedom that they loved so much. This the country citing his administration's ac­ zation that takes its staff and expertise same spirit is exemplified today by complishments on behalf of women. At the away. Mexico's continued success in develop­ American Bar Association meeting in Atlan­ On Aug. 16, RIF notices were sent out af­ ing its industrial and technological ta, for example, he pledged to "assure that fecting WEEA and four other programs, foundation. every women has an equal opportunity to abolishing more than 100 positions, includ­ The constituents in my district are achieve the American dream." ing that of WEEA director. Wolfe, a GS 15, The connection between education and who has been in the civil service 10 years, acutely aware of that spirit, for the achieving the American dream is well-estab­ will be out of a job on Friday. sister city of El Paso is Cd. Juarez, lished. But while President Reagan was At the same time the president was trying Chihuahua, Mexico. Indeed, the char­ saying one thing, his appointees were doing to mend fences with female voters, his ad­ acter of the people from my district, the exact opposite. They were busily carry­ ministration abandoned broad enforcement which is predominately Hispanic, is in­ ing out a right-wing vendetta against the of Title IX, the only law that protects fused with that undying respect and only federal program that helps schools and women from discrimination in education, love for freedom. It is appropriate that universities give girls and women the same and his appointees gutted the only federal this week, when Mexican independ­ opportunities in education that boys and program that promotes equity in education. men have. There is a lesson in this for voters who care ence is celebrated, is also National His­ Under the guise of a reorganization, about the commitment President Reagan panic Heritage Week in this country. Reagan appointees have downgraded the and his aides have toward women. Mexican Americans in the Southwest Women's Educational Equity Act program Watch what they do, not what they say.e and throughout the country share the from its place near the top of the Education pride of their cultural heritage by Department bureaucracy to one near the reaffirming the spirit of the independ­ bottom of it. Five of the seven staff mem­ COMMUNITY RENEWAL ence movement through their politi­ bers who worked in the $5.5 million-a-year EMPLOYMENT ACT program have been RIFed, including Dr. cal, social, and economic contributions Leslie Wolfe, the program director who was to our country. This struggle mani­ the target of a particularly virulent attack HON. MICKEY LELAND fests itself in the Hispanic struggle for in the Conservative Digest. All five were OF TEXAS full employment and against discrimi­ women. The two people who were not nation. I am confident that we will see RIFed are men. They, it is worth noting, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the nature of this strength in the 1984 were protected by veterans preference. Wednesday, September 14, 1983 elections. "WEEA is one of the most cost-effective programs in government," says Dr. Bernice • Mr. LELAND. Mr. Speaker, I rise in The pride and nationalism displayed Sandler, head of the Project on the Status strong support of H.R. 1036, the Com­ during this week transcends the inter­ and Education of Women of the Association munity Renewal Employment Act, a national boundary and honors the of American Colleges. "All of the programs necessary legislative initiative intend­ spirit of freedom and independence must be replicable. These programs don't ed to ease human suffering and hard­ valued by both Mexico and the United push anybody. They encourage the schools ship the quickest way possible, by pro­ States. Today, I invite you to join me to be fair and to give maximum opportuni­ viding grants to States and local gov­ in honoring our Mexican neighbors as ties for all of their students." ernments for wages and associated The Project on the Status and Education they commemorate their independ­ of Women, for example, received a WEEA labor costs for community improve­ ence by joining in that famous cry grant to study the awarding of campus ment activities. that still rings in the hearts of Mexi­ prizes-which are important in getting jobs The Community Renewal Employ­ cans as well as Americans, "Viva laIn­ and into graduate school-and it developed ment Act would provide funds for im­ dependencia."e suggestions about how institutions and mediate assistance to long-term unem- September 11,., 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24245 ployed individuals in such important crowding out, says Mr. Reynolds, but proceeds, the savings necessary to ensure a and critically needed activities as dis­ it applies to total Federal use of real satisfactory rate of private investment may aster relief, emergency food and shel­ resources in a fully employed econo­ be preempted, and the expansion could ter programs, rehabilitation of aging my. The bottom line is that tax in­ stall." But the Fed eased after September of school buildings, erosion and flood creases will not help reduce the crowd­ 1975, though taxes were being cut. Inflation control, and the rebuilding of our Na­ ing out problem. declined, the Dow rose from 800 to 1000, tion's deteriorating infrastructure. We I commend this excellent article to and the deficit dropped to 2.8% of GNP by need only look at our home districts to my colleagues: mid-1976. "Crowding out" warnings quickly remind each of us how important revi­ [Polyconomics, Inc., Political and Economic disappeared from public discussion-until talization of our roads, canals, railbeds Communications] recently. The crowding out idea persists because it and waterworks-to name but a few­ A GUIDE TO CROWDING OUT seems to make common sense. This is partly is to the community. Such repairs are due to a confusion between "real" "finan­ an investment, leading to a productive The Hoover-era slogan of "crowding out" cial" crowding out. Real crowding out has return. We clearly see that there are was revived in 1975 and under similar cir­ nothing to do with budget deficits, or even people who need work and that there cumstances in 1983. Crowding out of real re­ with all types of federal spending. Instead. is work that needs to be done. sources inevitably occurs at full employ­ crowding out occurs when the government The act provides a targeted, yet ment, but for reasons having nothing to do and private sectors both try to buy more flexible application of resources to with budget deficits. Purely financial theo­ real resources-workers, machines, buildings insure that appropriate funds will be ries of crowding out breakdown by incor­ and raw materials-than can be produced rectly assuming a fixed amount of IOUs in a with existing capacity and incentives. In directed to high unemployment areas growing economy. that case, some private purchases necessari­ in all regions of the country-both Two distinct versions of financial crowd­ ly have to be crowded out as the govern­ urban and rural-and assures that in­ ing out-the collision theory and share-of­ ment is willing to outbid the private sector dividuals employed in the projects of funds theory-are inconsistent with each by some combination of higher taxes. high priority funded under the act are other and with the available evidence. The higher interest rates, rationing, conscription those in most severe need of jobs. usual comparisons of deficits with savings or debasement of the currency. Further, of particular importance to are particularly misleading without first To put it another way, real crowding out this critical problem of job creation is making some reasonable statistical adjust­ is caused by federal. state and local govern­ ments. When these adjustments are made, it ment purchases in a fully-employed econo­ that this act addresses the employ­ is apparent that resources available for my, not by federal borrowing in an under­ ment needs of women, who comprise future use are vastly larger than current employed economy. Yet real government almost half of the labor force. It is the personal savings. Also, there is no real purchases are actually a smaller share of diversity of the Community Renewal "structural deficit" on current account for GNP today <19.2%> than they were three Employment Act that provides all in­ government as a whole; there is instead a years ago <19.6%>. while GNP is far below dividuals with a critical need to work, sizable surplus in the relevant budget. Un­ potential. with the opportunity to participate, supported theories of financial crowding out Financial theories of crowding out-the while the economy begins to gain that are being recycled by the President's eco­ kind currently in vogue-do not involve any nomic advisers and Federal Reserve Gover­ competition for real resources, but merely stimulation that it so desperately nors in trying to correct a problem that does an assumed limit on the number of book­ needs. not exist. keeping entries and IOUs. Financial crowd­ With over 10.7 million people in The idea that there is a fixed volume of ing out makes little sense unless real crowd­ need of work, or 9.5 percent of the resources willing to be lent, rather than ing out is actually occuring. Such theories American working population, I "consumed," has throughout modern histo­ can be made logically coherent, in a formal cannot overstate the immediate neces­ ry conjured up a picture of government and sense, only through an incongruous combi­ sity of passing the Community Renew­ private sectors locked inevitably in a strug­ nation of strong monetarist and Keynesian al Employment Act. I encourage my gle for loans. There is a vivid image of assumptions. The money supply (by what­ "crowding out," a phrase which can be ever definition> is assumed to be fixed by colleagues to vote for passage now. A traced back at least as far as the Hoover era. some rigid rule, unable to rise even with a job is a fundamental human need Since the basic idea is incorrect-there is no larger real volume of transactions at stable which every citizen must be allowed to such fixed volume of lending in a dynamic prices. At the same time, though, the deficit pursue.e economy-its translation into policy almost is assumed to "stimulate" the real volume of always produces undesirable results. An ob­ transactions-more government debt in the vious example was Hoover's enormous tax Keynesian model supposedly makes people ALAN REYNOLDS: A GUIDE TO surcharge of mid-1932, which helped to con­ feel more wealthy and therefore more anx­ CROWDING OUT vert that recession into the Great Depres­ ious to spend. By assumption, this clash of sion. The slogan of crowding out eventually deficit-financed transactions and monetary faded away, only to be revived again within rigidity would create a relative scarcity of HON. JACK F. KEMP the last decade. cash. People would give up cash to buy gov­ OF NEW YORK In may of 1975, the Federal Reserve first ernment securities only if offered higher in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES initiated specific targets for the growth of terest rates. This scenario makes no sense Wednesday, September 14, 1983 the money stock. In order to hit those tar­ when there are many idle factories and gets, or perhaps to dampen a real growth workers, there being no sensible reason for • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, I would rate that was originally reported as 12% in tolerating such deflationary scarcity of li­ like to add something to today's dis­ the third quarter, the Fed reduced nonbor­ quidity.2 cussion of the deficit, in the special rowed reserves from May to September. The Purely financial theories of crowding out order of Mr. REGULA. There continues fed funds rate was thus increased by 20%. might be categorized as "collision" theories to be a great deal of confusion about mortgage rates rose proportionately, the and "share of funds" theories. They are dollar rose by 12%, the price of gold fell by often combined in casual remarks, though the effects of a Federal deficit on the 14%, and the S&P 500 stock index dropped each contains a hidden theory of interest economy. Particular attention has fo­ by nearly 9%. rates that is quite inconsistent with the cused on the argument that too large As the Fed tightened in the summer of other. Members of Congress are understand­ a deficit will crowd out the private 1975, a newly revived fiscal theory of inter­ ably confused by these seemingly plausible sector and abort the economic recov­ est rates gained instant popularity. Bill theories when the Fed, as it did last ery. Simon and others argued that huge federal autumn, permits interest rates to fall even In an excellent paper, economist deficits-6.5% of GNP-were "crowding out" as government borrowing was rapidly ex­ Alan Reynolds walks through the ar­ investment, housing and consumer dura­ panding. bles.1 Alan Greenspan's Economic Report of The collision theory of interest rates pre­ guments and evidence on crowding the President, published in January 1976, sumes that government borrowing is added out, and observes that the naive argued that "a reduction in the budget defi­ to private borrowing, is not completely crowding out theories capture only a cit would permit a more expansionary mon­ "crowded out." Paul Volcker, in his July 28 fraction of the truth about the Feder­ etary policy .... If Government deficits do testimony to the Senate Banking Commit­ al deficit. There is such a thing as not decline rapidly enough as the recovery tee, thus suggested that "rising private 24246 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 14, 1983 credit demands . . . are beginning to clash by $136 billion. If government borrowing These adjustments are not controversial with the continuing heavy financing needs had somehow remained the same during among serious specialists in macroeconomics of government." This collision theory as­ that credit crunch, it nonetheless would and public finance. When Martin Feldstein sumes that the volume of borrowing ex­ have gone up significantly as a percentage writes for other economists, rather than for plains its price-the interest rate. It may of the small amount of private or total bor­ the public, he measures the "deficit" as the seem intuitively obvious that more borrow­ rowing. inflation-adjusted increase in the combined ing raises interest rates. But is it not equally Advocates of the share theory, such as net debt of federal, state and local goven­ obvious that there will be less borrowing Senator Patrick Moynihan, Peter Peterson, ments. 11 Willem Buiter of the London (and more saving} if interest rates rise? The and Irwin Kellner of Manufacturers Hano­ School of Economics adopts an even more new result is that more borrowing must ver, often find the largest possible measure thorough definition: "The deficit measure cause less borrowing, which is not particu­ of government borrowing and compare it that should be the focus of concern," writes larly illuminating. with the smallest conceivable measure of Buiter, "is the inflation-and-real-growth­ If a dollar of government borrowing really available resources. Loans that are spon­ corrected, cyclically adjusted government crowded out a dollar of private borrowing, sored or guaranteed by federal agencies may current account deficit." 12 What we're then combined volume of public and private be counted as government borrowing, for really looking for is a measure of whether borrowing would not rise. Even if the example, even though the funds are loaned or not the real burden of government debt volume of borrowing was an adequate expla­ to housing, students, farmers and small is rising, whether any increase is a cause of nation of interest rates, the collision theory business. Such bloated measures of govern­ consequence of a weak economy, and wheth­ has to deny that crowding out occures in ment borrowing might then be contrasted er borrowing is serving a constructive pur­ order to explain why crowding out raises in­ with net private savings, excluding deprecia­ pose (compared with alternatives>. terest rates. The clash supposedly is a con­ tion allowances-as though the accelerated The difference is not merely a statistical sequence of economic recovery, but it was depreciation of 1981 did not improve busi­ curiosity. Structural surpluses of state and also supposed to prevent that recovery from ness cash flow and thus reduce the need to local governments probably exceed any occurring. Shrinking deficits in a growing borrow working capital. As Lawrence Klein plausible estimate of structural federal defi­ economy are said to be a larger problem observes, "the funds that businesses set cits. Even at the federal level along, the than growing deficts were in a shrinking aside for capital recovery, loosely called de­ Budget's "Special Analysis" estimates major economy. preciation charges, form the pool of savings nondefense capital outlays at $108 billion, The collision theory was aggressively used that are held within those establish­ which leaves an estimated federal current to argue against the 1983 reduction of tax ments." 7 account deficit of $72 billion. Herb Stein's rates. It was said that lower tax rates would Before we could seriously examine the proposal to eliminate federal financial inter­ produce lower revenues, and higher deficits question of whether or not budget deficits mediation -was by itself ment borrowing for private borrowing with thing that is even theoretically relevant to enough to turn 1981's cyclical deficit of 0.9 no net change in aggregate demands for the economy. As we go through the usual percent of GNP into a surplus of 1.5 percent 3 adjustment to the deficit estimates, we credit." President Reagan has made this make some startling discoveries. The most of GNP. precise point in arguing with his own eco­ important standard adjustments include the The OECD made only three of the needed nomic advisers. following: revisions, estimating what the real growth From a similar perspective, a tax sur­ Include net borrowing of federal agencies, of federal, state and local debt would be if charge might reduce the new supply of as well as state and local governments. This the U.S. economy were operating at poten­ Treasury bills and bonds . Any funds that are re­ by 1.8 percent of GNP. 13 The surplus on reduce the demand for Treasury securities. 4 lent to the private sector must also be ex­ current account, after subtracting govern­ Besides, a so-called "huge" deficit of $180 cluded. Herb Stein proposes that we should ment investments and lending, would be billion or so is "substantially smaller than "exclude all loan transactions from the much larger. In essence, the U.S. public has the private sector's present holdings of gov­ budget."8 been asked to pay off past debts quickly at a ernment debt-and only a fraction of its Exclude capital investments by federal, time of economic distress-like making total wealth." 5 Such a small addition to state and local governments, regardless double mortgage payments after you lose about $6 trillion in outstanding debts and whether they are funded by federal or local your job. $22 trillion total assets cannot possibly ex­ borrowing. If construction of schools, high­ There are equally enormous conceptual plain a significant change in interest rates. ways, dams and sewers had to be financed and statistical problems with the denomina­ The alternative "share" theory of interest from the tax revenues of a single year, then tor of the deficit-savings ratio. If a meaning­ rates takes many forms, none of which is private borrowing would crowd out such ful deficit existed, could that deficit be financed only out of al deficits or gross borrowing are usually ex­ spends the proceeds [of borrowing] on an net private savings? Clearly, Federal deficits pressed as a percentage of net private sav­ investment project that yields a return to can be partly financed from state and local ings, GNP or total nonfinancial borrowing. society sufficient to pay the interest costs surpluses , so any comparison of Fed­ "a budget deficit of 5% of GNP would "then there is no future burden."11 eral borrowing with private savings alone is absorb an amount equal to all net saving Estimate "structural" budgets for all not even correct on its own terms. It doesn't and would virtually eliminate capital accu­ levels of government, including state and make sense to treat the Federal Govern­ mulation." 8 local, to determine how much of the deficit ment separately when Federal grants to The reasoning behind the share theory is is a hangover from recession. It makes sense state and local governments are about $95 even less clear than the collision theory, for governments to borrow in hard times, billion. though more consistent with the vague rather than to distort the timing of produc­ Also, the debatable exclusion of newly­ ideas about crowding out. Why should the tion decisions by raising tax rates in reces­ generous depreciation allowances from fact that the government is doing relatively sions, to offset revenue shortfalls. Other­ "net" savings at least makes it inappropri­ more borrowing-and the private sector rel­ wise as Tom Sargent observes, "Citizens ate to compare such deficit-savings ratios atively less-make a private household or withhold resources during periods of tempo­ before and after the 1981 liberalization of firm willing or able to pay a higher interest rarily high taxes in anticipation of lower depreciation rules. Net savings would appear rate? tax rates in the future." 10 to be substantially larger if the tax collec­ Any ratio has both a numerator and a de­ Use inflation accounting to reveal the real tors reverted to inadequate depreciation al­ nominator. The ratios of government defi­ growth in net government debt held by the lowances. Even net savings in the U.S. cits to private borrowing, saving or GNP public. Inflation shrinks the real value of amounted to 9.5 percent of gross output in have been rising largely because the private governments' debt just as it shrinks the 1960-66, according to the OECD, and 8.9 sector has been shrinking. Between the amount of everything that can be bought by percent in 1967-73. It was only in the recent second quarter of 1981 and the third quar­ a dollar. But a nominal deficit that merely era of floating dollars and creeping tax rates ter of 1982, the annual rate of private bor­ offsets inflation is not a real burden on tax­ that the net savings rate dropped below 7 rowing in the "flow of funds" accounts fell payers, nor a real return to bondholders. percent. At a minimum, it would be neces- September 11,., 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24247 sary to compare structural deficits with every rise in "investment" had to be fi­ far more problems than maintaining a high structural or potential savings-what sav­ nanced by cutting back on consumption, ratio of debt to GNP at low interest rates, as ings would be if the economy were not oper­ then there would be no purpose for stocks in 1950 to 1964. Using inflation to repudiate ating far below capacity. and bonds. Actual resources that can fi­ old debts makes it impossible to finance The alleged importance of any current nance future budget deficits include not either new deficits or business expansion savings rate is a caricature of supply-side only the increases in wealth that are mis­ without short maturities and high interest analysis, largely due to the misrepresenta­ measured by flows of U.S. savings, but also rates. tion of that model by Martin Feldstein and the entire world's stock of past wealth and Fourth, although there are hypothetical others. The purpose of lower marginal tax underutilized real resources. The value and limits to how long and how high the ratio of rates is to encourage more production, not liquidity of past savings usually real debt to GNP can rise, the U.S. is clearly to shift a larger share of existing anemic have more impact on interest rates than the nowhere near those limits. Federal, state production away from consumer goods. A volume of new savings. A tax and monetary and local deficits from 1942 to 1945 were lower personal savings rate in a larger econ­ policy that enlarges future economic growth clearly "structural" . goods. The recent increase in household Second; since tax surcharges and energy 2 Thomss Wilson, "Crowding Out: The Real Issues", Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, Quarterly wealth has included durable goods and serv­ excises reduce potential real growth, they Review ; John Rutledge, "The Structural Def­ The real resources available to finance deficit by this method would only serve to icit Myth" the Wall Street Journal p. 498. $200 10 economic recovery while 23 percent do D. To help reduce the anticipated bil­ Thomas J. Sargent "Back to Basics on Budg­ is ets" the New York Times ; Robert not. The remainder in each question is lion deficit, what action most necessary? Barro "Federal Deficit Policy and the Effects of undecided. . ducing social spending. Only 15 per­ 2. Escalating health care costs pose seri­ 12 Willem H. Buiter, "Deficits, Crowding Out and cent want to increase taxes. A number Inflation: The Simple Analytics" NBER Working ous problems for government and individ­ Paper No. 1078 ; Charles Steindel military aid and involvement in the Yes...... 71% et al."Perspectives on Personal Saving" Federal Re­ Central America fighting. I noted No...... 18% serve Bulletin ; Manuel John­ Government. Thirty-five percent son, "Government Deficit Spending and Its Effects oppose such aid. Less than one-third- Yes...... 71% on Prices of Financial Assets" U.S. Treasury . when asked if there are any circum­ Agency regulate all businesses which gener­ 18 G. Thomas Woodward, "Large and Continuing stances in which they would support ate small <100 kilograms or about 220 Deficits: Their Influence on Macroeconomic Per­ pounds or less a month> amounts of hazard­ formance" Library of Congress .e direct U.S. intervention in the affairs of a Latin American country. Forty ous waste? percent responded "no." The remain­ Yes...... 63% MAJORITY IN COUGHLIN POLL der in each question is registered as No...... 24% OPTIMISTIC ON ECONOMY undecided. Undecided ...... 13% Further questions in foreign affairs B. Even if it results in higher utility rates, HON. LAWRENCE COUGHUN produced a majority of 57 percent should the Congress enact tougher laws to cut sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-burn­ OF PENNSYLVANIA which answered "little or none" when ing utilities to reduce acid rain? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES queried on what effect a congression­ Yes...... 67% Wednesday, September 14, 1983 ally passed resolution for a mutual nu­ No...... 21% clear weapons freeze would have in en­ e Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, I am Undecided ...... 12% couraging the Soviets to negotiate 4. U.S.-Soviet negotiations to reduce nu­ sharing again the results of my annual arms treaties with the United States. mail questionnaire poll of Pennsylva­ clear weapons arsenals are of global conse­ Twenty-five percent saw a good effect. quence. nia's 13th Congressional District with The remainder checked off the "unde­ A. Do you believe that President Reagan my colleagues. I believe the findings cided" box. This was the first of a is making sufficient efforts to achieve verifi­ are important since they reflect re­ three-part question on United States­ able and mutual arms reductions with the sults of nationwide surveys. Soviet negotiations to reduce nuclear Soviet Union? While the poll was conducted before arms arsenals. Yes...... 44% many events of worldwide significance In trying to assure accuracy in com­ No...... 43% took place, I feel the results-compiled piling the results, my district office Undecided ...... 13% for a July 31 deadline-indicate the staff checked findings twice. Each B. What effect would a Congressionally­ deep and serious interest of my consti­ questionnaire afforded space for two passed resolution for a mutual nuclear tutents in national and international weapons freeze have in encouraging the So­ residents of a household to respond. A viets to negotiate arms treaties with the issues. A total of 13,585 individual re­ message in the survey informed consti­ sponses was received before the dead­ U.S.? Key findings of the survey mailed to Yes...... 69% United States...... 6% homes and postal boxes throughout No...... 24% Soviet Union...... 40% the congressional district include: Undecided ...... 7% Both equally...... 50% A majority believes the Nation's B. Do you feel the Nation is better off Other (specify)...... 4% economy is better today than it was than 2 years ago? 5. Soviet and Cuban-supported activity in both 1 and 2 years ago. In a four-part Yes...... 66% Central America is a mounting concern. September 11,., 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24249 A. Should the U.S. continue to supply er needs had blurred the distinctions The Packwood plan masquerades under military aid, but not troops, to the El Salva­ between data processing and commu­ the name of the Universal Telephone Serv­ dor government? nications. In 1974, the Department of ice Act. That title itself ought to be a tipoff. Yes...... 48% Justice filed suit against AT&T for When a congressman gives his bill a mother­ No...... 35% monopolizing telecommunications in a hood and apple pie name, watch out for Undecided ...... 17% your wallets and your liberties. changing communications environ­ The proposal means to supplant an FCC B. Should the U.S. be supporting anti-gov­ ment in equipment and long-distance plan to add $2 a month (going up to $4 by ernment guerrilla forces opposing the San­ services. The communications world 1986) to residential phone customers' bills dinista government of Nicaragua? has changed, and we need to evaluate and $6 a month for businesses. This money Yes...... 31% communication products and services would go to the local phone companies to No...... 43% reimburse them for the service they provide Undecided ...... 26% for a new age, the information age en­ ironment. in giving customers access to long distance C. Are there any circumstances in which lines. Since local rates will be going up you would support direct U.S. intervention I seek in the State of Illinois and the anyway as a result of the splitup of AT&T, in the affairs of a Latin American country? Nation the creation of an environment Sen. Packwood and others are telling cus­ Yes...... 43% that encourages the growth of high tomers they can get away without paying No...... 40% technology information-age products this extra fee. Undecided ...... 17% and services. I seek jobs in Illinois re­ The way it would be done is to levy a 6. U.S. efforts towards peace in the Middle lated to these high technology firms charge against interstate communications­ East continue to be frustrated by opposition that manufacture and supply commu­ AT&T, its long distance telephone competi­ of Arab governments. nication appliances and services. I seek tors and every other interstate data link, re­ A. Should the U.S. condition aid to moder­ consumer opportunities in communica­ gardless how remote it might be from the ate Arab States on their support of our tion services and products that provide business of telephone communication. The peace efforts? money would go into a pool to be distribut­ options in prices and products. ed among the local telephone operating Yes...... 62% Universal service concepts must be companies on the basis of need: that is, the No...... 25% preserved, but they must be preserved least efficient companies would get the big­ Undecided...... 13% for today's and tomorrow's environ­ gest subsidies. B. What should be the level of U.S. aid to ment, not for yesterday's world. The For Illinois, that means that its residents Israel? puppet strings go back to Moscow. In The Cuban missile crisis was quite differ­ this case, Cuba and particularly Nicaragua ent. From the moment President Kennedy are the prime intermediaries. Second, the and his advisers saw the aerial photography A MAN OF PEACE privileged sanctuary confers great advan­ showing Soviet ballistic missiles being em­ tages on the antagonist who has it. In the placed, the objective was clear-to get the Vietman war, Laos and North Vietnam pro­ missiles out of Cuba by whatever means HON. BOB EDGAR vided sanctuary. In our fear of irritating the necessary. There was no doubt about the de­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Soviet Union, we stood by and watched a termination to succeed. flood of warlike things pass through North What can the Reagan Administration IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vietnam's port, Haiphong. Once lost in the learn from this? The President could cer­ Wednesday, September 14, 1983 hinterland, the munitions were difficult to tainly profit by restating his policy objec­ find and destroy. As a result, in the 1968 Tet tives in simpler terms than has been the • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, only offensive, the North Vietnamese were able case thus far. As for determination to pay minutes after his return to Manila on to emplace heavy artillery within range of the price to achieve these objectives, the August 21, former Philippine Senator Saigon and every provincial capital. More President has shown no lack of it. Congress, Benigno Aquino, Jr., was assassinated. September 1#,, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24259 Senator Aquino, a respected and popu­ But by taking the road of revolution, how gent of the community, and his 58 lar leader of the Philippine opposition many lives, other than mine, will have to be years of service to the Roman Society. to President Ferdinand Marcos, had sacrificed? We are already the worst eco­ nomic performer in Southeast Asia. Revolu­ "Richie" Ricciani was born in Tren­ lived in the United States for the past tion would set us back 30 or even 40 ton 75 years ago and was later educat­ 3 years. years.... ed at St. Joachim's school in Trenton. As the controversy surrounding his I have chosen to return to the silence of As a young man he began a career in murder continues, and we reconsider my solitary confinement and from there the wine business as a driver for the our position regarding the Philippines, work for a peaceful solution to our problems Trenton Wine Co., later becoming a it is important to take note of the rather than come back triumphant to the partner and finally sole owner in 1958. words and philosophy of the man. blare of trumpets and cymbals seeking to He retired from the business in 1976. drown the wailings and sad lamentations of Without further comment, I would mothers whose sons and daughters have Richie was actively involved in nu­ like to insert into the RECORD excerpts been sacrificed to the gods of revolution. merous youth programs for 30 years. from his statement earlier this year Can the killers of today be the leaders of to­ He was basketball and baseball coach before the House Subcommittee on morrow? Must we destroy in order to build? for St. Joachim's Catholic Youth Asian and Pacific Affairs, recently re­ I refuse to believe that it is necessary for a Club, the city of Trenton Recreation printed in the Christian Science Moni­ nation to build its foundations on the bones League, the Trenton Boys Club, and tor. They are the words of a man of of its young. Chambersburg Little League. He later peace. Last June 12, 1983, the leaders of the non­ assisted with the Trenton Catholic violent opposition met and signed in Manila sports activities in the Fathers' Club. The article follows: a document entitled "A Formula for Nation­ FILIPINO'S RETURN: FIGHTING FIRE WITH al Reconciliation." They appealed to the He was also, and still is, deeply in­ WATER armed opposition in the hills "to give demo­ volved with charitable and church ac­ cratic processes a last chance by joining in tivities, having served on several fund the forthcoming elections and to demand drives for St. Joachim's Church. The Filipino today is facing an ever-deep­ that they be free, orderly, and honest." Richie also served for 49 years on com­ ening crisis. Never in history has he suf­ To bring about peaceful reconciliation, mittees of the Holy Name Society and fered from greater political and economic the leaders urged Marcos to grant general wants. It is time for every Filipino abroad the Usher's Association. Most note­ amnesty to all political offenders; repeal the worthy however is his work over the who loves his county to return home, suffer Anti-Subversion Law; abolish the infamous with his people, and help in the quest for President Commitment Order; and discon­ past 40 years as treasurer of the St. that elusive national unity which is impera­ tinue the practice of military interference in Vincent DePaul Conference, attending tive for the nation's survival. purely civilian affairs. to the needs of the poor and indigent During my stay in America, I was privi­ These same leaders warned that "armed of the parish and the community. He leged to enjoy fellowships in two of the conflict in our country is fast approaching continues to work in this capacity most prestigious academic institutions of the point of no return. Dissenters and dissi­ today. this great republic, Harvard University and dents, many of them reluctant rebels, are As a member of the Roman Society, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, being driven farther and farther from the Richie Ricciani has been a driving to search for answers to many problems be­ ways of peace and reconcilation." setting the Philippines. The formula for national reconciliation is force in keeping the Society healthy Shortly after I arrived in Boston in the their final effort to stave off what they per­ and vital and was instrumental in for­ fall of 1980, I was visited by some of my ceive to be an imminent revolution. mulating a new facility and hall for countrymen and asked to join the ranks of Upon my return, I intend to join these the Society, and helped initiate a res­ the freedom fighters who have chosen the leaders in their appeal and take up with taurant operation that has become path of revolution to liberate our people. I them the program of action I crafted during perhaps the most famous and popular considered their appeal very seriously and I my three years in exile. of Trenton's lunchtime meeting redirected my academic research to a close Buffeted by natural and unnatural calam­ places. scrutiny of the advantages and disadvan­ ities, the Philippines has carded the worst tages of the use of force and violence to economic performance among the five­ Richie's busy life includes 50 years attain national liberation. nation ASEAN grouping last year. What is of happy marriage to the former Rose To gather empirical data and firsthand in­ more tragic, in the midst of all these mis­ Filipponi, a marriage further fulfilled formation, I traveled to the Middle East, to eries, Filipinos are still killing each other in by sons William and John, both doc­ Southeast Asia, and to Central America. I ever increasing numbers. This blood-letting tors, and four grandchildren. interviewed the leaders of the most recent must stop. This madness must cease. Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues in successful revolutions and talked to both I think it can be stopped if all Filipinos the House to join me in recognizing the victors and the vanquished, the relatives can get together as true brothers and sisters the great human contributions of this of the victims and the survivors. I have con­ and search for a healing solution, in a genu­ cluded that revolution and violence exact ine spirit of give and take. We must tran­ great man, and in wishing Americo the highest price in terms of human values scend our petty selves, forget our hurts and "Richie" Ricciani many more years of and human lives in the struggle for free­ bitterness, cast aside thoughts of revenge healthy, happy, and productive life.e dom. In the end there are really no victors, and let sanity, reason, and above all, love of only victims. country prevail during our gravest hour.e It is true, one can fight fire with fire, but H.R. 3520, REHABILITATION ACT the late Ramon Magsaysay, one of the most revered presidents of our country, proved AMERICO RICCIANI HON. DOUG WALGREN that it is more effective to fight fire with OF PENNSYLVANIA water. Communism may be defeated not by adopting the brutal methods of the enemy HON. CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES and thereby losing your moral imperative, Wednesday, September 14, 1983 but by reinforcing human rights. One can OF NEW JERSEY fight hatred with a greater hatred, but Mag­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES e Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, I was saysay proved that it is more effective to pleased to cast my vote yesterday for fight hatred with greater Christian love. Wednesday, September 14, 1983 H.R. 3520, a bill to extend and contin­ "Those who have less in life should have • Mr. SMITH. Mr. Speaker, on ue funding for the vocational rehabili­ more in law" was one of his battle cries. Sunday, September 18, 1983, the So­ tation program and 10 other education I have decided to pursue my freedom cieta Romana Maschile di M.S. in programs. The bill is one about which struggle through the path of nonviolence, Trenton, N.J., will host a testimonial I would hope there would be no con­ fully cognizant that this may be the longer dinner honoring Americo Ricciani for troversy, rehab programs help dis­ and the more arduous road. If I have made the wrong decision, only I and maybe my his active participation and encourage­ abled people become independent and family will suffer. Only I will suffer solitary ment of Trenton area sports and employable. confinement once again, and possibly death youth programs-his contribution of The Rehabilitation Act, now in its by firing squad. time and energy in assisting the indi- 63d year, is a State-Federal partner- 24260 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 14, 1983 ship providing a broad range of serv- PRESERVE EXPORT CONTROLS- how businessmen ordered equipment ices to help people learn vocat• Ion ai DOGRAB NOT WESTERN LET THEHIGH SOVIETSTECH manufactured overseas, shipped the skills and learn how to function as in- equipment to a company in another dependently as possible. In 1982, the European country which then diverted programs served to rehabilitate HON. TOBY ROTH the goods to Moscow. 226,924 disabled people, of which 57 OF WISCONSIN The efforts to steal Western tech­ percent were severely disabled. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nology are not the work of the Soviets This program is one with a tremen­ Wednesday, September 14, 1983 alone. The West German intelligence report described activities by Czecho­ dous payback, both in personal terms e Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, we will and economic terms. The Rehabilita­ slovaks, Poles, and Bulgarians to soon debate the most important piece obtain microelectronics, laser optics, tion Services Administration estimates of trade legislation to come before this that for every dollar spent on voca­ radiation technology, measuring session of Congress. That legislation is equipment, semiconductors, and other tional rehabilitation, there is a return H.R. 3231, Amendments to the Export of over $10. For cases closed in 1980, CoCom listed goods, Administration Act of 1979. It enables Mr. Speaker, the export control bill the estimated lifetime improved earn­ the President to license, and thereby ings for less severely disabled persons pending before the House eliminates regulate, U.S. exports for reas~ns of the requirement of U.S. companies to is $14.6 for each dollar of cost. Forse­ national security and foreign policy. obtain export licenses before shipping verely disabled, the ratio is $8 for each Amendments to the Export Adminis­ their goods to CoCom countries. This dollar spent. People rehabilitated in tration Act . has rec­ The United States, as well as our increases in other parts of the federal and ommended to member governments an CoCom allies, need to strengthen their state budgets. international list of strategically sig­ enforcement activities. At the same Secretary of Education Terrel Bell nificant goods. CoCom governments time, we need to reduce the number of have pledged to restrict the transfer of products currently controlled. We stated in 1982, "I have never seen an­ need to focus our attention on those other program that is more cost-effec­ items on the list to the Soviets. In goods which are of strategic signifi­ tive than vocational rehabilitation."­ recent years, no CoCom country, not even the United States has devoted cance. Provision already in H.R. 3231 We should note, however, that the ad­ will accomplish this objetive. To do ministration budget request for the sufficient resources to export controls. That is beginning 'Jo change because away entirely with export licensing, as program would decrease the number H.R. 3231 proposes to do, will weaken of persons served and rehabilitated. many governments now realize t~?-e enormity of the Soviet effort to obtam rather than strengthen the Export The essence of the Rehabilitation Administration Act.e Act is best summed up by former Sen­ Western goods and technologies. ator Hubert Humphrey in 1972, when Not long ago, West German intelli­ gence reported on the Soviet effort to Congress was considering the provi­ bypass CoCom regulations. West MURDER IN MANILA sions that prohibit discrimination German intelligence reported that against handicapped persons. He said, Soviet and East European efforts to HON. PETER H. KOSTMA YER The time has come to firmly establish the outwit CoCom are aimed at obtaining OF PENNSYLVANIA right of these Americans to dignity and self­ military equipment, nuclear technolo­ respect as equal and contributing members gy and other strategically important IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of society and to end the virtual isolation of millions of children and adults from society. go~ds from the West. It described how Wednesday, September 14, 1983 These goals are just as important today as Communist agents used numerous e Mr. KOSTMAYER. Mr. Speaker, they always have been and I am pleased to methods within the Federal Republic had he not been murdered in cold cast my vote for them.e to deceive West German companies blood Benigno Aquino would have de­ about the true destination of CoCom livered this address on his return to embargoed equipment. The report de­ his homeland last month: scribed how Communist agents offered West German businessmen lucrative I have returned on my free will to join the ranks of those struggling to restore our business contracts to obtain their co­ rights and freedoms through nonviolence. operation to divert CoCom controlled I seek no confrontation. I only pray and goods to the Soviet Union. In one c:ase, will strive for a genuine national reconcilia­ West German intelligence described tion founded on justice. September 14, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24261 I am prepared for the worst, and have de­ I was sentenced to die for allegedly being This day, Mr. Speaker, would not be cided against the advice of my mother, my the leading communist leader. I am not a possible without the hard work of the spiritual adviser, many of my tested friends communist, never was and never will be. American Businesswomen's Associa­ and a few of my most valued political men­ 2. National reconciliation and unity can be tors. achieved but only with justice, including tion. Today, I would like to recognize A death sentence awaits me. Two more justice for our Muslim and Ifugao brothers. this vibrant organization for its work subversion charges, both calling for death There can be no deal with a dictator. No in helping women to obtain leadership penalties, have been filed since I left three compromise with dictatorship. positions in our country's business years ago and are now pending with the 3. In a revolution there can really be no community. The American Business­ courts. victors, only victims. We do not have to de­ women's Association -that is twice the number of lovsk, Mr. Speaker, there are several gather to pay tribute to this great U.S. combat troops currently stationed documented instances of the Soviet man. in Europe. Furthermore, chemical Union using Third World peoples as Mr. Harvey has made enormous con­ warfare training has long been as vital laboratory guinea pigs to operationally tributions to enhancing trade relations a part of Soviet military training as test the effectiveness of their CB with the Third World. He is one of the small arms instruction. During maneu­ weapons and tactics. In 1967 at the most skilled trade facilitators in the vers the Soviets use a diluted form of end of the Yemen civil war, reports world, particularly in dealing with Af­ soman, the standard nerve gas in the circulated about the use of Soviet-sup­ rican, Caribbean, and Latin countries. Soviet CBW arsenal, to provide real­ plied chemical agents from Egyptian Mr. Harvey was a pioneer in the area ism. That practice results in an aver­ aircraft following some bizarre casual­ of Third World trade, and it is signifi­ age of 12 training fatalities a year. ties. Also in 1967, during the six-day cant tribute to him that ambassadors Soviet strategy emphasizes survivabil­ war, the Israelis claimed to have found of Third World countries and leaders ity in a chemical environment. Each a cache of Soviet nerve gas in the September 1#,, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24263 Sinai. Many people said that the Israe­ within the realm of partisan politics. any known disease, but which do conform to li allegations were mere propaganda Mr. SoLARZ' article, "Yellow Rain: symptoms associated with illegal chemical designed to elicit support in the Beyond a Reasonable Doubt," which weapons. United States. But in 1973 during the appeared in the June 22 edition of the The stories of the victims are compelling in themselves. Contrary to what some Arab-Israeli war, the Israelis captured Wall Street Journal, stresses the ne­ doubters imply, these reports do not come battle tanks of Soviet origin equipped cessity of including provisions for veri­ from a handful of able-bodied, politically with automatic antidote injectors fication in all chemical weapons trea­ committed Meo leaders, but from a wide va­ against soman. ties. Mr. SoLARZ presents compelling riety of Khmer, Hmong and Afghan refu­ According to the U.S. State Depart­ evidence of Soviet violation of chemi­ gees, ranging from little children to the el­ ment and independent defense ana­ cal and biological arms accords. derly. lysts, the Soviets have not limited Mr. Speaker, I applaud Mr. SoLARZ Their accounts of "yellow rain" attacks their chemical experimentation to the for his thorough and thought-provok­ are particularly convincing in that they are Middle East. Laotian and Vietnamese ing article and recommend it to the at­ usually not volunteered, but are revealed only when a doctor asks the refugees direct­ forces were reported to have used tention of my colleagues. Let it stand ly about their symptoms. Soviet chemical agents-mustard gas as a reminder of the consequences Refugee reports are dismissed by many and soman-in Laos between 1974 and should we deny the existence of the people as inherently unreliable. This is ex­ 1981. In 1979 the Soviets entered Af­ threat imposed by Soviet chemical and actly what happened when the first stories ghanistan with substantial chemical biological weapons. began to come out of Nazi-occupied Europe forces accompanying five Red army di­ The article follows: about the Holocaust. In fact refugees have a visions. As reported on the "ABC [From the Wall Street Journal, June 22, record of being excellent sources of informa­ News" documentary, "Rain of Terror," 1983] tion on inaccessible societies and situations. The Chinese who fled to .Hong Kong in which aired on December 21, 1981, YELLOW RAIN: BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT 1962 carried reports of mass famine. Even eyewitnesses reported 400 to 500 experts dismissed their testimony. Yet it is deaths after Soviet soldiers in Viet­ There may be reasons for doubting that now known that at least 10 mlllion people namese uniforms shot Russian rockets the Soviet Union is involved with illegal perished. into the mountains. Diplomatic ob­ chemical warfare in Asia, but the facts of Cambodian refugees fleeing Pol Pot's min­ servers and journalists have reported the case aren't among them. No matter how ions after the fall of the Lon Nol regime in several attacks on schools in Afghani­ hard those who prefer to see and hear and 1975 related harrowing accounts of autogen­ stan. Many say such attacks are de­ speak no evil may try, the evidence simply ocide. Many people dismissed the bloody signed to "teach the student a lesson cannot be explained away. truth as a Cold War lie invented to discredit for trying to demonstrate against the It is not just the United States but also Vietnam, which was seen as supporting Canada, Britain, Australia, China and Thai­ Cambodia. Yet we now know that about a Soviets." Defense & Foreign Affairs land, among others, which have found that third of the Khmer people lost their lives magazine reports that stockpiles of illegal chemical warfare is being used in during Pol Pot's brief period in power. chemical agents of Soviet origin exist Asia. Even the Socialist foreign minister of The reports of Afghan refugees fleeing in Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, France, who is no enemy of Vietnam, re­ Soviet tyranny and of Guatemalan refugees East Germany, Iraq, Poland, and Viet­ cently announced that France on its own fleeing their own army, which has gone on a nam. For over 15 years the Soviets had "firm and convincing evidence" of the rampage in the countryside, are now widely use of these weapons in Southeast Asia and accepted. It strains credulity to believe that have been perfecting the means to Afghanistan. wage an unlimited chemical war. the refugees escaping "yellow rain" in Asia, Yet it is easy to understand why so many alone among all the victims of repression, If chemical and biological weapons good people resist this conclusion. When are uniquely engaged in a monumental are used they have to have been pro­ former Secretary of State Alexander Haig hoax. duced and stockpiled. Usage violates first aired the charge that the Soviet Union For those not fully convinced by the testi­ the 1925 Geneva Protocol. Production was violating treaties prohibiting chemical mony of independent doctors or the reports and stockpiling violates the 1972 Bio­ and biological warfare, his publicly present­ of victimized refugees, even more definitive ed evidence-a twig-seemed so thin that proof is available in the form of laboratory logical Weapons Convention. The Mr. Haig's claim appeared to be more an ex­ Soviet Union is a signatory to both of analysis. Samples obtained from areas in ercise in Cold War propaganda than a pres­ which "yellow rain" has been reported these agreements on chemical weap­ entation of carefully compiled scientific reveal combinations of trichothecene toxins ons. To date there is not an interna­ data. Many people here and abroad also not found in nature. Since Hanoi doesn't tional agreement that effectively binds worried that Mr. Haig's accusation was part have the scientific or technical capacity to all signatories to the stipulations de­ of a Reagan administration attempt to justi­ manufacture these illegal substances, it is lineated in the Geneva Protocol or the fy its hostility to arms control agreements clear that Vietnam must be receiving them Biological Weapons Convention agree­ with the Soviet Union. from the Soviet Union. ment. As a result, such an agreement PLENTY OF EVIDENCE The only explanation of these manmade cannot be enforced and all parties are The initial skepticism which greeted Mr. poisons that would exculpate the Soviet Haig's accusation notwithstanding, the use Union is that the CIA or some other foreign bound by nothing more than their of chemical warfare by the U.S.S.R. and agency planted the evidence. But not even moral principles. It is patently absurd Vietnam has now been established beyond the U.S.S.R. has suggested such a conspira­ as well as immoral for the United doubt. Not only is there persuasive, if cy theory as a way of explalning the undeni­ States to believe that we can negotiate highly classified, technical data indicating able existence of these toxins. an honest agreement with the Soviet Soviet involvement in the manufacture, In its formal response to the U.S. charges, Union unless there is an adequate pro­ supply and use of chemical weapons, but the Soviet Union has acknowledged the ex­ vision for verification of compliance. peer reviews of the U.S. evidence by a panel istence in Laos and Cambodia of these pro­ Only full and adequate onsite inspec­ of American scientists and a leading Japa­ hibited chemicals. But it has claimed that nese authority on the subject have they are due to U.S. use of Agent Orange in tion constitute "adequate" verifica­ independently confirmed that the chemical Vietnam, which, according to the Soviet ar­ tion. agents discovered were indeed man-made, gument, destroyed the natural vegetation My distinguished colleague from prohibited substances. In addition, there is and led to the growth of elephant grasses New York, Mr. STEPHEN J. SoLARZ publicly available medical testimony, hun­ that produced the toxins in question. These shares my fear of the massive Soviet dreds of first-hand reports from the victims deadly poisons, the Soviets go on to claim, buildup of chemical and biological of "yellow rain," and laboratory analysis of are being carried into hostile Hmong and weapons. Even though we differ samples taken from areas in which these Khmer regions by monsoon winds that, sharply on many policy questions, our prohibited toxins have been found. somehow or other, deposit them nowhere Doctors from France, India, the U.S., the else. So far not a single serious independent concurrence on the implications of Philippines and Canada who work with ref­ scientist, or even Rube Goldberg, has lent Soviet deployment of chemical and bi­ ugees along the borders to which the vic­ any credence to this Soviet invention of in­ ological weapon agents demonstrates tims of chemical warfare have fled almost herently implausible interrelations, and a the fact that this issue is too vital to uniformly report finding symptoms in vic­ U.S. team of experts found no validity in the security of the free world to place tims of attacks which aren't consistent with the Soviet hypothesis. 24264 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 14, 1983 WE CAN'T IGNORE THE VICTIMS our country serves as a moving inspira­ uled to include presentations by such The latest effort to explain away the tion to us an.• prominent national leaders as D.C. damning evidence asserts that the trichoth­ Delegate Walter Fauntroy; Dorothy ecenes found in Southeast Asia grew on bee defecations. Since bees have presumably PERSONAL EXPLANATION Height, president of the •National long been indigenous to the region, it is odd Council of Negro Women; M. Carl that these deadly manifestations show up HON. RICHARD H. LEHMAN Holman, president of the National only now. The incredible bee hypothesis, OF CALIFORNIA Urban Coalition; and Joseph Madison, unlike the one advanced by the Soviet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES national director of the NAACP's Po­ Union, does not even pretend to explain litical Action Committee. why these poisonous substances did not Wednesday, September 14, 1983 appear in earlier years or in other places. Mr. Speaker, I am certain that this Some people resist the compelling evi­ • Mr. LEHMAN of California. Mr. weekend will be a successful opportu­ dence of Soviet violation of chemical and bi­ Speaker, I was unable to cast my vote nity to address a host of pressing ological arms accords out of a fear that such on rollcall No. 323, providing that the issues facing the black community, a conclusion would jeopardize prospects for President can remove a member of the and I offer my best wishes to all of the reaching future arms-control agreements. Civil Rights Commission only for ne­ participants.• But the conclusion which the evidence com­ glect of duty or malfeasance in office. pels is not that the U.S. should refrain from Had I been present on August 4, I entering into such agreements with the So­ would have voted "aye" on this SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS viets, but that any such treaties must have amendment to H.R. 2230 regarding the adequate provisions for verification, in con­ Civil Rights Commission.• Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, trast to the chemical-war conventions which agreed to by the Senate on February lack them. 4, 1977, calls for establishment of a Arms-limitation agreements with the Sovi­ NEW JERSEY BLACK ISSUES ets are essential if we are going to bring the system for a computerized schedule of arms race under control. But it is absolutely CONVENTION all meetings and hearings of Senate imperative that, in the midst of such ef­ committees, subcommittees, joint com­ forts, we don't turn our backs on another HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. mittees, and committees of conference. helpless group of victims. Otherwise the OF NEW JERSEY This title requires all such committees crime will spread. Reports are now coming IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in of similar chemical attacks in Eritrea. to notify the Office of the Senate This outrage must end.e Wednesday, September 14, 1983 Daily Digest-designated by the Rules e Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, this Committee-of the time, place, and weekend the first annual New Jersey purpose of the meetings, when sched­ CPL. WOLODYMYR HOLYNSKYJ Black Issues Convention will take uled, and any cancellations or changes place in Somerset, N.J. Over 700 par­ in the meetings as they occur. HON. JACK F. KEMP ticipants are expected to attend this As an additional procedure along OF NEW YORK very important convention. It is being with the computerization of this infor­ mation, the Office of the Senate Daily IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sponsored by the New Jersey chapter of the National Black Caucus of Local Digest will prepare this information Wednesday, September 14, 1983 Elected Officials, together with the for printing in the Extensions of Re­ • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, Cpl. Wolo­ New Jersey Conference of NAACP marks section Of the CONGRESSIONAL dymyr Holynskyj, one of America's Chapters, the New Jersey Coalition of REcORD on Monday and Wednesday of truly courageous and outstanding 100 Black Women, the New Jersey A. each week. men, will be honored on Saturday, Phillip Randolph Institute, the New Any changes in committee schedul­ September 24, when the Ukrainian Jersey Section of the National Council ing will be indicated by placement of American Veterans Post No. 23 in Buf­ of Negro Women, and many other an asterisk to the left of the name of falo, N.Y., is renamed in his honor. statewide organizations. the unit conducting such meetings. Cpl. Wolodymyr Holynskyj, U.S. The major purpose of the conven­ Meetings scheduled for Thursday, 55155218, served as a member of Com­ tion is to discuss the critical issues af­ September 15, 1983, may be found in pany L, 5th Infantry, in the U.S. Army fecting the black community, and the Daily Digest of today's RECORD. and was killed in action in Korea on workshops will be held on such topics September 2, 1952. as human service needs, public hous­ MEETINGS SCHEDULED I would like to bring to the attention ing, economic development, criminal of my colleagues the many fine accom­ justice, and education. SEPI'EMBER 16 plishments for which Cpl. Wolodymyr It is extremely appropriate that the 9:30a.m. Holynskyj is being recognized. He was convention is taking place now, less Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs awarded the Purple Heart, the Good than 1 month after the August 27 To hold hearings on the nomination of Conduct Medal, the United Nations "Jobs, Peace, and Freedom" rally held Philip Abrams, of Massachusetts, to be Medal, the Korean Theater Medal, here in Washington to commemorate Under Secretary of Housing and and the Republic of Korea Citation the 20th anniversary of the historic Urban Development. Medal. He was also decorated, posthu­ 1963 March on Washington. All of us SD-538 mously, with the Bronze Star Medal who participated in this event found it Commerce, Science, and Transportation with the letter "V" device for heroic a time to recommit ourselves to the To hold hearings on the nomination of Matthew V. Scocozza, of Tennessee, to achievement in connection with mili­ goals articulated 20 years ago by Dr. be Assistant Secretary of Transporta­ tary operations against an enemy of Martin Luther King, Jr. tion for Policy and International Af­ the United States. Donald Tucker, a Newark council­ fairs. Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the oppor­ man and president of the National SR-253 tunity to pay tribute to a man whose Black Caucus of Local Elected Offi­ Finance personal accomplishments have im­ cials, who has convened the event, is Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service pacted our Nation's history. Naming to be commended for his outstanding Subcommittee the Ukrainian American Veterans Post work, as well as Margaret Hayes, presi­ To hold hearings on the effectiveness of No. 23 in Corporal Holynskyj's honor dent of the New Jersey Coalition of the tax refund offset program for cer­ is but a small display of the recogni­ 100 Black Women and Jerome C. tain delinquent child support pay­ tion he truly deserves. Cpl. Wolody­ Harris, director of public works and ments, and on S. 150, to establish the myr Holynskyj's fortitude, resilience, urban development for the city of collection of student loans in default. and dedication in bravely defending Plainfield. The convention is sched- SD-215 September 11,., 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24265 Judiciary Finance Labor and Human Resources Constitution Subcommittee Savings, Pensions and Investment Policy Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom­ To hold hearings on the commemora­ Subcommittee mittee tion of the bicentennial of the Consti­ Taxation and Debt Management Subcom­ To hold he.arings to review the accessi­ tution. mittee bility of student loans. SR-325 To hold joint hearings on numerous tax SD-124 10:00 a.m. proposals, including S. 1066, S. 1550, S. 11:00 a.m. Select on Indian Affairs 1557, and S. 1666. Veterans' Affairs To hold hearings on S. 1694, to declare SD-215 To hold hearings to receive legislative that the United States hold certain Judiciary recommendations for fiscal year 1984 lands in trust for the Las Vegas Paiute Immigration and Refugee Policy Subcom­ from the American Legion. Tribe. mittee SR-325 SD-430 Business meeting, to consider proposed 2:00p.m. Joint Economic legislation providing for a 3-year ex­ Judiciary To hold hearings on job training needs tension of the Refugee Act of 1980 Administrative Practice and Procedure of American workers. cials of local chapters of the Interna­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Program. tional Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee SD-215 Iron Shipbuilders, Blacksmiths, Forg­ To hold hearings on S. 1821, proposed ers and Helpers. Secondary Mortgage Market Enhance­ SEPTEMBER 19 SD-430 ment Act. 10:00 a.m. SD-538 9:00a.m. Armed Services Commerce, Science, and Transportation To resume hearings on the organization, Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on the nomination of structure, and decisionmaking proce­ To hold oversight hearings on the imple­ Barbara E. McConnell, of the District dures of the Department of Defense. mentation of the Motor Carrier Act of Columbia, to be a Member of the SR-385 program, and S. 452, authority to enforce the terms of the Senate Joint Resolution 12, Senate to establish public buildings policies Steel Pipe and Tube Agreement be­ Joint Resolution 29, Senate Joint Res­ for the Federal Government, to estab­ tween the United States and the Euro­ olution 74, Senate Resolution 57, lish the Public Buildings Service in pean communities. Senate Resolution 83, Senate Resolu­ the General Services Administration, SD-215 tion 107, Senate Resolution 142, to provide for the authorization of Joint Economic Senate Resolution 159, and Senate funds for the construction, renovation, To hold closed hearings on the alloca­ Concurrent Resolution 46. and maintenance of public buildings tion of resources to the Soviet Union SD-419 and related activities of the Public and China. Governmental Affairs Buildings Service. SR-485 Permanent Subcommittee on Investiga­ SD-406 2:00p.m. tions Governmental Affairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To resume hearings to investigate al­ Business meeting, to markup S. 121, to To continue hearings on S. 1679, pro­ leged involvement of organized crime establish a U.S. Department of Trade posed Honest Budgeting Act. and mismanagement of funds in the as an executive department of the SD-538 hotel and restaurant workers union Federal Government. . SD-342 SD-342 24266 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 14, 1983 Judiciary and recommend appropriate policies Energy and Natural Resources Administrative Practice and Procedure and activities to assure the continued Business meeting, to consider pending Subcommittee availability of quality outdoor recrea­ calendar business. To hold hearings on the substance of S. tion. SD-366 1080, to improve and modify the Fed­ SD-366 Environment and Public Works eral regulatory reform process (pend­ 9:30a.m. Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee ing on Senate Calendar). Finance Business meeting, to resume markup of SD-562 Economic Growth, Employment and Rev­ S. 893 and S. 894, bills to provide an ef­ 2:00p.m. enue Sharing Subcommittee fective and efficient licensing and reg­ Judiciary To hold hearings on the future of U.S. ulatory process for the siting, con­ To hold hearings on pending nomina­ basic industries. struction, and operation of nuclear tions. SD-215 powerplants, and on proposed legisla­ SD-224 Labor and Human Resources tion authorizing funds for fiscal years Aging Subcommittee 1984 and 1985 for certain programs of SEPTEMBER 22 To hold hearings to review certain provi­ the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 9:30a.m. sions of the Age Discrimination and SD-406 Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Employment Act which affect Ameri­ Soil and Water Conservation, Forestry cans working abroad. SEPTEMBER 28 and Environment Subcommittee SD-430 9:30a.m. To hold hearings on S. 566, S. 1503, and 10:00 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs S. 129, miscellaneous land conveyance Joint Economic Consumer Affairs Subcommittee bills. To resume hearings on job training To hold hearings on S. 537, proposed SR-324 needs of American workers. Fair Deposit Availability Act. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs SD-562 SD-538 Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee Judiciary To continue hearings on S. 1821, pro­ SEPTEMBER 26 Juvenile Justice Subcommittee posed Secondary Mortgage Market En­ To resume oversight hearings to review hancement Act. 9:30a.m. Finance State and local victims assistance pro­ SD-538 grams. 10:00 a.m. Taxation and Debt Management Subcom­ mittee SD-562 Energy and Natural Resources Select on Intelligence Business meeting, to consider pending To hold hearings on numerous tax pro­ posals, including S. 120, S. 1397, S. Legislation and the Rights of Americans calendar business. Subcommittee SD-366 1584, S. 1814, S. 1815, and S. 1826. SD-215 To hold closed hearings on intelligence Foreign Relations matters. To hold hearings to review recent devel­ 10:00 a.m. S-407, Capitol opments concerning the U.S. Informa­ Judiciary Immigration and Refugee Policy Subcom­ 10:00 a.m. tion Agency. Energy and Natural Resources S~19 mittee Business meeting, to consider pending Labor and Human Resources To resume hearings to review the Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom­ progress of this year's refugee resettle­ calendar business. mittee SD-366 ment program. Environment and Public Works To res\nne hearings on a Presidential SD-226 commission report on excellence in Business meeting, to resume markup of Joint Economic S. 1354 and H.R. 3103, bills to provide education. To resume hearings on job training SD-430 emergency relief for disaster-damaged needs of American workers. roads administered under the Federal­ Labor and Human Resources SD-562 Family and Human Services Subcommit­ Aid Highway Emergency Relief program, and S. 452, to establish tee SEPTEMBER 27 To resume oversight hearings on the public buildings policies for the Feder­ breakdown of the traditional family 9:00a.m. al Government, to establish the Public unit, focusing on causes and societal Office of Technology Assesment Buildings Service in the General Serv­ implications. The Board, to hold a general business ices Administration, and to provide for SD-628 meeting. the authorization of funds for the con­ 10:30 a.m. H-227, Capitol struction, renovation, and mainte­ Environment and Public Works 9:30a.m. nance of public buildings and related Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee Judiciary activities of the Public Buildings Serv­ Business meeting, to mark up S. 893 and Constitution Subcommittee ice. S. 894, bills to provide an effective and To hold hearings on S. 141, to provide a SD-406 efficient licensing and regulatory proc­ special defense to the liability of polit­ Governmental Affairs ess for the siting, construction, and op­ ical subdivisions of States under sec­ Permanent Subcommittee on Investiga­ eration of nuclear powerplants, and on tion 1979 of the revised Statutes <42 tions proposed legislation authorizing funds U.S.C. 1983) relating to civil actions To resume hearings to investigate al­ for fiscal years 1984 and 1985 for cer­ for the deprivation of rights. leged involvement of organized crime tain programs of the Nuclear Regula­ SD-226 and mismanagement of funds in the tory Commission. 10:00 a.m. hotel and restaurant workers union SD-406 Commerce, Science, and Transportation . 2:00p.m. Merchant Marine Subcommittee SD-342 Environment and Public Works To hold hearings on S. 1624, proposed Environmental Pollution Subcommittee Merchant Marine Revitalization Act, SEPTEMBER 29 Business meeting, to mark up S. 1329, to and a committee amendment thereto, 9:30a.m. provide financial assistance to States S. 1616, proposed Government Im­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs for wetlands conservation, and other pelled Cargo Act, S. 206, to make the Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee pending business. Secretary of Transportation responsi­ To resume hearings on S. 1821, proposed SD-406 ble for determining and designating Secondary Mortgage Market Enhance­ programs subject to requirements for ment Act. SEPTEMBER 23 the transportation in American vessels SD-538 9:00a.m. or cargoes procured, furnished, or fi­ 10:00 a.m. Energy and Natural Resources nanced by the United States, and S. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Public Lands and Reserved Water Sub­ 188, to require the U.S. Postal Service Merchant Marine Subcommittee committee to contract with U.S. registered vessels To resume hearings on S. 1624, proposed To hold hearings on S. 1090, to establish for international sea transportation of Merchant Marine Revitalization Act, a National Outdoor Recreation Re­ mail. and a committee amendment thereto, source Review Commission to study SR-253 S. 1616, proposed Government Im- September 11,, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24267 pelled Cargo Act, S. 206, to make the OCTOBER3 Judiciary Secretary of Transportation responsi­ 9:30a.m. Administrative Practice and Procedure ble for determining and designating Finance Subcommittee programs subject to requirements for Economic Growth, Employment and Rev­ To hold hearings on proposed legislation the transportation in American vessels enue Sharing Subcommittee to authorize compensation for those or cargoes procured, furnished, or fi­ To resume hearings on the future of citizens and resident aliens of the nanced by the United States, and S. U.S. basic industries. Aleutian Islands who were interned, 188, to require the U.S. Postal. Service SD-215 detained, or forcibly relocated by the to contract with U.S. registered vessels U.S. Government during World War for international sea transportation of OCTOBER4 II. mail. SD-628 SR-253 9:30a.m. Energy and Natural Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation OCTOBERS Aviation Subcommittee Water and Power Subcommittee 9:30a.m. To hold hearings on S. 1811 and H.R. 71, To hold hearings on S. 764, proposed Air Travelers Security Act. Energy and Natural Resources bills to authorize and direct the Secre­ Energy Conservation and Supply Subcom­ tary of the Interior to engage in a spe­ SR-253 mittee cial study of the potential for ground Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings on S. 1366, to imple­ water recharge in the high plains Labor Subcommittee ment the recommendations of the in­ States. To hold hearings on S. 19 and S. 918, terim report of the Northern Mariana SD-366 bills to revise current Federal pension Islands Commission on Federal Laws, Environment and Public Works law with respect to the rights and ben­ and to revise certain provisions of the Regional and Community Development efits of working and nonworking Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Is­ Subcommittee women, and the substance of S. 372, to lands and the Organic Act of Guam, To resume hearings on S. 1525, authoriz­ promote interstate commerce by pro­ and S. 1367, to repeal certain provi­ ing funds through fiscal year 1986 for hibiting discrimination in the writing sions of law relating to the territories administrative expenses of the Federal and selling of insurance contracts. and insular possessions of the United Emergency Management Agency and SD-430 States. for emergency and disaster relief as­ 10:00 a.m. SD-366 sistance, and to revise procedures con­ Energy and Natural Resources Labor and Human Resources cerning State requests for relief assist­ Business meeting, to consider pending Business meeting, to consider pending ance. calendar business. calendar business. SD-406 SD-366 SD-430 Governmental Affairs Finance 10:00 a.m. Permanent Subcommittee on Investiga­ Social Security and Income Maintenance Environment and Public Works tions Programs Subcommittee Business meeting, to consider S. 23, S. To continue hearings to investigate al­ To resume hearings on S. 1691, to re­ 532, and S. 1330, bills to develop long­ leged involvement of organized crime structure the administration of the term job opportunities in public works. and mismanagement of funds in the child support enforcement program, SD-406 hotel and restaurant workers union and a related proposal, S. 1708. . SD-215 OCTOBER7 SD-342 Labor and Human Resources 9:30a.m. Labor and Human Resources Family and Human Services Subcommit­ Joint Economic Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom­ tee To hold hearings on the employment/ mittee To resume oversight hearings on the unemployment statistics for Septem­ To resume hearings on a Presidential breakdown of the traditional family ber. commission report on excellence in unit, focusing on the role of govern­ Room to be announced education. ment. SD-430 SD-628 OCTOBER10 10:00 a.m. SEPTEMBER 30 OCTOBERS Joint Economic 9:00a.m. 9:30a.m. To resume hearings on job training Energy and Natural Resources Labor and Human Resources needs of American workers. Public Lands and Reserved Water Sub­ To hold hearings to review human re­ Room to be announced committee sources implications in job corps To hold hearings on S. 837, to designate reform. OCTOBER17 certain lands in the State of Washing­ SD-430 10:00 a.m. ton as wilderness. 10:00 a.m. Environment and Public Works SD-366 Energy and Natural Resources Toxic Substances and Environmental 9:30a.m. Business meeting, to consider pending Oversight Subcommittee Finance calendar business. To hold hearings to review environmen­ Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service SD-366 tal research and development pro­ Subcommittee Environment and Public Works grams. To hold hearings on S. 1262, to clarify Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee SD-406 and expedite Internal Revenue Service Business meeting, to resume consider­ audits of religious organizations. ation of S. 893 and S. 894, bills to pro­ OCTOBER18 SD-215 vide an effective and efficient licens­ 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. ing and regulatory process for the Energy and Natural Resources Environment and Public Works siting, construction, and operation of Energy and Mineral Resources Subcom­ Water Resources Subcommittee nuclear powerplants, and on proposed mittee Business meeting, to consider S. 865, to legislation authorizing funds for fiscal To hold hearings on S. 1634, to repeal provide for the operation, mainte­ years 1984 and 1985 for certain pro­ certain provisions of the Federal Coal nance, and construction of water re­ grams of the Nuclear Regulatory Coni­ Leasing Act Amendments of 1976. source projects, and S. 970, to author­ mission. SD-366 ize funds through fiscal year 1988 for SD-406 Judiciary maintenance dredging and to require Judiciary Administrative Practice and Procedure non-Federal interests to pay for 50 Courts Subcommittee Subcommittee percent of the annual Federal costs to To hold hearings on S. 1706, to provide To resume oversight hearings to provide dredge deep-draft channels and har­ for the positive identification of per­ indemnification to Government con­ bors. sons holding identification documents. tractors against the risks of cata­ SD-406 SD-226 strophic accidents and noncatastrop- 24268 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 14, 1983 hie accidents for which the Govern­ OCTOBER21 OCTOBER27 ment is primarily responsible. 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. SD-562 Environment and Public Works Labor and Human Resources Judiciary Toxic Substances and Environmental Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom­ Security and Terrorism Subcommittee Oversight Subcommittee mittee To hold hearings to examine the influ­ To hold hearings on groundwater con­ To hold oversight hearings on Federal ence of communism in liberation the­ tamination. arts policy. ology. SD-406 SD-430 SD-226 Judiciary Labor and Human Resources Courts Subcommittee NOVEMBER2 Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom­ To hold hearings on S. 1581, to grant 10:00 a.m. mittee congressional approval to the Central Labor and Human Resources To resume oversight hearings on voca­ Interstate Low-Level Radioactive To resume hearings to examine the tional education programs adminis­ quality of education. Waste Compact. SD-430 tered by the Department of Educa­ SD-226 tion. NOVEMBER3 SD-430 OCTOBER25 9:30a.m. *Labor and Human Resources 9:30a.m. Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Subcommit­ Labor and Human Resources Governmental Affairs Labor Subcommittee tee Oversight of Government Management To hold hearings on proposed legislation Business meeting, to mark up S. 503, to Subcommittee to revise certain provisions of the Fed­ make it unlawful to manufacture, ad­ To hold oversight hearings to review eral Employees Compensation Act. vertise, distribute, or possess a drug computer security in the Federal Gov­ SD-430 which is an imitation of a controlled ernment and the private sector. substance. Room to be announced NOVEMBER9 SD-628 Labor and Human Resources 10:00 a.m. To resume oversight hearings on alleged Labor and Human Resources OCTOBER 19 illegal sales of union memberships or To resume hearings to examine the 9:00a.m. books to unqualified welders by offi­ quality of education. Labor and Human Resources cials of local chapters of the Interna­ SD-430 Business meeting, to consider pending tional Brotherhood of Boilermakers, calendar business. Iron Shipbuilders, Blacksmiths, Forg­ NOVEMBER 15 SD-430 ers & Helpers. 10:00 a.m. 9:30a.m. SD-430 Labor and Human Resources Labor and Human Resources !O:OOa.m. Aging Subcommittee To hold hearings to examine the quality Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings to redefine old age of education. Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom­ provisions contained in the Older SD-430 mittee Americans Act. 10:00 a.m. To resume oversight hearings on voca­ SD-430 Judiciary_ tional educational programs adminis­ NOVEMBER 16 Security and Terrorism Subcommittee tered by the Department of Educa­ To continue hearings to examine the in­ 9:00a.m. tion. Labor and Human Resources fluence of communism in liberation SD-628 theology. Business meeting, to consider pending SD-226 calendar business. OCTOBER26 SD-430 9:00a.m. OCTOBER20 9:30a.m. Labor and Human Resources Labor and Human Resources 9:30a.m. Business meeting, to consider pending Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings to review the human calendar business. resources impact of the Supreme Labor Subcommittee SD-430 To hold hearings on proposed legislation Court's legislative veto decision. 9:30a.m. SD-430 to improve and clarify the employee Governmental Affairs retirement income security program. Oversight of Government Management NOVEMBER29 SD-430 Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. To continue oversight hearings to Labor and Human Resources Environment and Public Works review computer security in the Feder­ Business meeting, to consider pending Aging Subcommittee al Government and the private sector. To hold hearings on targeting scarce re­ calendar business. SD-628 sources under the Older Americans SD-406 Labor and Human Resources Act. Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings to review volunteer ini­ SD-430 Aging Subcommittee tiatives in health. To hold hearings to review certain pro­ SD-430 NOVEMBER30 grams for older veterans. 9:30a.m. SD-628 Labor and Human Resources Business meeting, to consider pending calendar business. SD-430