Shikarpur “Disaster Risk Reduction Has Been a Part of USAID’S Work for Decades

Home , Garhi Yasin, Madeji, Mian Sahib, Shikarpur District, Sultan Kot

Shrine of Faqeerullah Shah Alvi, Shikarpur “Disaster risk reduction has been a part of USAID’s work for decades. ……..we strive to do so in ways that better assess the threat of hazards, reduce losses, and ultimately protect and save more people during the next disaster.” Kasey Channell, Acting Director of the Disaster Response and Mitigation Division of USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disa ster Ass istance (OFDA)

PAKISTAN EMERGENCY SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

District Shikarpur September 2012

“Disasters can be seen as often as predictable events, requiring forward planning which is integrated in to broader development programs.” Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, Bureau of Crisis Preven on and Recovery. Annual Report 2011

Credits

Authors: Naeem Ahmad, Zohaib Omer, Mutee Ul Rehman, Salman Mulk, Sumbal Kazmi, Anne Qureshi, Omer Younus, Zeeshan Nabi Bukhsh, Shazia Kanwal, and Farooq Laghari

Contributors: Hadya Ali, Dr. Ahmad Ali Malik, Hussain Mughal, Zohaib Fazal, Sadia Ishrat, Pervaiz Ahmed, Khurram Shahid, Shakeel Ahmed and Raheeb Muzaffar

Editorial Reviews: Fayyaz Ali Khan, Craig Von Hagen and Mehdi Bokhari

Desktop Publishing: Noman Ali and Sarfaraz Ayub

GIS Analyses and Mapping: Imra Shaheen, Naveed Alam, Qasim Jan, Jarjaish Hussain, Mubashir Hassan, and Fayyaz Ahmad

Administrative Support: Wajid Ali

Disclaimer

iMMAP Pakistan is pleased to publish this district profile. The purpose of this profile is to promote public awareness, welfare, and safety while providing community and other related stakeholders, access to vital information for enhancing their disaster mitigation and response efforts.

While iMMAP team has tried its best to provide proper source of information and ensure consistency in analyses within the given time limits; iMMAP shall not be held responsible for any inaccuracies that may be encountered. In any situation where the Official Public Records differs from the information provided in this district profile, the Official Public Records should take as precedence.

iMMAP disclaims any responsibility and makes no representations or warranties as to the quality, accuracy, content, or completeness of any information contained in this report. Final assessment of accuracy and reliability of information is the responsibility of the user.

iMMAP shall not be liable for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use or misuse of information contained in this report. The user agrees to indemnify and hold harmless iMMAP and anyone involved in storing, retrieving, or displaying this information for any damage of any type that may be caused by using this information.

The terms used and the maps presented in this proﬁle do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP and USAID concerning the legal status and the area of any administrative unit or its authorities.

NOTE: This district profile is a live document and it will continue to improve based on its users feedback and upon availability of more accurate and authenticated sources as and when they become available. It’s not always possible to publish these profiles in hardcopy format; however iMMAP will ensure that these updates are made available on DRR Pakistan Information Management Portal. For updated version of following profile, please visit www.drrpakistan.pk/pesa.

Any questions/ comments concerning information presented in this report can be addressed to:

iMMAP Pakistan Services D esk H.# 25, College Road, F-7/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92.51.835.0755 eMail: [email protected]

Foreword Timely response to a disaster may save precious human lives and reduce economic costs. However, natural disasters, typically, occur unexpectedly. Consequently, in most cases, the aﬄicted population lacks the necessary tools and capacity to handle such tragic occurrences and the devastation is manifold more than it should be.

“Before the next disaster hits, now is the time to recommit to making smart investments that save lives, property, and money. Whether at home or abroad, measures to improve response, increase disaster management capacity, plan and prepare, can have dramatic dividends.” (Kasey Channell: Acting Director of the Disaster Response Team for USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance.) It is so true, as preparation for unexpected calamities is a tough task. However, if certain precautions are taken, they might lessen the overall damage. This series of district profiles, prepared by iMMAP and funded by USAID, is one such effort to enhance Government of Pakistan, humanitarian organizations and all other stakeholders’ efforts towards rapid needs assessment, disaster response and mitigation.

These proﬁles are divided into four sections namely background information, disaster history and its impact, hazard vulnerability and capacity assessment (HVCA) and coordination and support services. Background information provides an overview of history, geography, culture, and communication infrastructure. It also provides detailed analyses of demography, livelihood, food security, health and education. The second section provides detailed history of disasters in the district; information about losses and damages; and gap analyses of above mentioned sectors. HVCA section provides detailed analyses of district hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities that exist in the local community. Coordination and support services section gives information on whom to contact in emergency/disaster situations. The motivation stems from the idea that at the time of disaster all the stakeholders in general and the donors and disaster managers in particular can have a fair idea of what to expect and how to prepare for. It is expected that this contribution of USAID and iMMAP would lead to a well-coordinated and coherent response by diﬀerent humanitarian organization on managing similar disasters.

Having stated the above, it is very candidly admitted that these profiles are by no means exhaustive and in fact require a lot more input to qualify these as good enough documents for disaster preparedness. However, these are live documents and would be improved upon as and when required. There appears to be an element of repetition, which is owed to the fact that while these documents depict the district profiles in normal circumstances, the same then provide a detail account of the impact of the 2010/2011 floods, the assistance provided by the government and the humanitarian organizations and the remaining gaps.

While selecting districts, priority has been given to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) identiﬁed disaster prone districts for 2012. Due to time and resources constraints, the information provided in these proﬁles is mainly based on secondary source data. Depending on the end users’ response and funding availability, this exercise would be extended to other districts of the country.

Major (Rtd.) Tahir Iqbal Chairman iMMAP Pakistan

Table of Contents District at a Glance ...... i Shikarpur Reference Map ...... ii Acronyms ...... iii 1 Background Information ...... 1 1.1 Introduction...... 1 1.1.1 History ...... 1 1.1.2 Geography ...... 1 1.1.3 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) ...... 2 1.1.4 Administrative Division ...... 2 1.1.5 Road Network Infrastructure ...... 3 1.1.6 Irrigation...... 3 1.1.7 Solid Waste Management ...... 4 1.2 Demography ...... 5 1.2.1 Population Characteristics ...... 5 1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern ...... 6 1.2.3 Population Distribution by Age and Gender ...... 6 1.2.4 Dependent Population ...... 6 Population Reference Map ...... 8 1.3 Livelihood ...... 9 1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income ...... 9 1.3.2 Agriculture ...... 10 1.3.3 Industry ...... 11 1.3.4 Livestock ...... 12 1.4 Food Security ...... 13 1.4.1 Availability ...... 13 1.4.2 Access ...... 14 1.4.3 Utilization ...... 15 1.5 Health ...... 16 1.5.1 Details of Health Facilities ...... 16 Shikarpur Health Facility Map ...... 17 1.6 Education ...... 18

1.6.1 Some Highlights ...... 18 1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio ...... 18 1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details ...... 19 2 Disaster History and Its Impact ...... 22 2.1 Disaster in Shikarpur ...... 22 2.1.1 Disaster History ...... 22 Shikarpur Risk Analysis Map ...... 23 Shikarpur Possible Safe Locations Map ...... 24 2.2 Disaster Impact...... 25 2.2.1 Demography ...... 25 Aﬀected Population Density Map ...... 27 2.2.2 Livelihood ...... 28 2.2.3 Damage to Agriculture: ...... 28 2.2.4 Analysis of Food Security Situation ...... 31 2.2.5 Health ...... 31 2.2.6 Education ...... 32 3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis ...... 33 3.1 Hazard ...... 33 3.1.1 Natural hazard ...... 33 3.1.2 Man-made hazard ...... 33 3.2 Vulnerability ...... 34 3.2.1 Physical/material vulnerability: ...... 34 3.2.2 Social/organizational vulnerability: ...... 34 3.2.3 Attitudinal/motivational vulnerability: ...... 34 3.3 Capacity ...... 36 3.3.1 Physical/material capacity: ...... 36 3.3.2 Social /organizational capacity: ...... 36 3.3.3 Attitudinal/motivational capacity: ...... 36 Hazard Analysis Map ...... 39 4 Coordination and Support Services ...... 40 4.1 Important Contacts ...... 40 4.1.1 Departmental Focal Points ...... 40 4.1.2 List of Taluka Nazims with Address...... 40

4.1.3 List of NGOs Working in Shikarpur ...... 40 4.2 Health Facilities ...... 41 4.2.1 List of BHUs ...... 41 4.2.2 List of RHCs...... 42 4.2.3 List of Dispensaries ...... 42 4.2.4 List of Hospitals ...... 42 4.2.5 List of Maternal and Child Health Centres ...... 42

List of Tables and Maps List of Tables SR # Name Page 1.1.1 Administrative Division of District Shikarpur 3 1.1.2 Road Network Infrastructure of District Shikarpur 3 1.1.3 Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation 4 1.2.1 Estimated Population of District Shikarpur for 2010 5 1.2.2 Population Details by Taluka 7 1.3.1 Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment 9 1.3.2 Food and cash crops cultivated in district Shikarpur 10 1.4.1 Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops 13 1.4.2 Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets 14 1.4.3 Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water 15 1.4.4 Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet 15 1.5.1 Number of Health Facilities by Type 16 1.6.1 Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different levels 18 1.6.2 Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender 20 2.2.1 Summary of Losses and Damages 25 2.2.2 Summary of Losses and Damages by Taluka for 2010 25 2.2.3 Crop Area Affected in District Shikarpur 28 List of Maps 1 Shikarpur Reference Map ii 2 Population Reference Map 8 3 Shikarpur Health Facility Map 17 4 Shikarpur Risk Analysis Map 22 5 Shikarpur Possible Safe Location Map 23 6 Affected Population Density Map 26 7 Hazard Analysis Map 38

District at a Glance Area 2,5121 Sq.Kms. Population - 1998 880,438 persons Male 456,589 (51.86 %) Female 423,849 (48.14 %) Sex Ratio (males per 100 females) 107.7 Population Density 350.5 per Sq. Km Urban Population 211,979 (24.08 %) Rural Population 668,459 (75.42 %) Average Household Size 5.9 Literacy Ratio (10 +) 31.9 % Male 44.95 % Female 18.04 % Population - 1981 596,409 persons Average Annual Growth Rate (1981 - 98) 2.32 % Total Housing Units 149,758 Pacca Housing Units 20,849 (13.92 %) Housing Units having Electricity 104,794 (69.97 %) Housing Units having Piped Water 30,389 (20.29 %) Housing Units using Gas for Cooking 20,368 (13.60 %) Administrative Units Talukas 04 Union Councils 47 Mauzas 2401 Municipal Committee 01 Town Committees 06 Registered Voters2 487,227 Male 257,456 Female 229,771

1 Current Area according to UN is 2,589 Km2 and total revenue villages are 222 2 http://www.ecp.gov.pk/VoterStats/Sindh.aspx

China WGS84 1:30,000,000 DisputedTerritory Gilgit Gilgit Baltistan India September,16 , 2012 , September,16 Azad Kashmir http://www.immap.org Tajikistan KPK Punjab Fata Pakistan Sindh l l status of cityanyterritory, or country, Uzbekistan iMMAP_Shikarpur_Reference_MapA4L_v1_01 Union CouncilsBoundary Taluka Boundary Taluka District Boundary SUB HEALTH SUBCENTREHEALTH RailwayLine Rivers Roads CHILD& CENTRE HEALTH MATERNAL CENTRE RURAL HEALTH TB CLINIC BASICUNITHEALTH DISPENSARY HOSPITAL Settlements Balochistan Afghanistan Arabian Sea ! ! A A ! < ! C ! C ! C ! C Nominal Scale at A4: NominalScale at Web Resources: Web Projection/Datum: CreationDate: Map DocMap Name: Legend Turkmenistan concerning the lega opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP or the USAID material material on this map do not imply the expression of any ESRI:Rivers WHO (World Health WHO(World Organization): Health Facilities University: Georgia Shikarpur Settlements PCO(Populaion Census Organization): Boundaries Food (World Programme):WFP Roads, Railways Map dataMap source(s): Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of area area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiersits or boundaries. MapLocator Health Facilities Health Iran Garhi Tegho Bagh Mehmooda Pir Pir Bux Shujrah Abad Shabira Sehwani Chak Rahimabad Khanpur Rustam Thanhrio Khan Lakhi Jehan Bhirkan Ghari Taib Dhako Abdoo Reference Map Wazirabad Zarkhel Lodra Lakhi Jano Ruk Mian Sahib September, 2012 Amrote Kot Sultan Karan Mirzapur Abro Hamayun Naushahro Jacobabad Shikarpur Yasin Garhi District Shikarpur Gaheja Jagan Dero Jindo Garhi Yasin Bhambhir Madeji Dakhan Nim Jahanwah Mangi Shhato Waryaso Jaffarabad iii Acronyms

ACO Agriculture Census Organization BHU Basic Health Unit CFW Cash For Work DCR District Census Report DDRMP District Disaster Risk Management Plan ECP Election Commission of Pakistan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GER Gross Enrolment Rate GOS Government of Sindh GoS Government of Sindh HH Household NADRA National Database and Registration Authority NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDP National Drainage Programme NER Net Enrolment Rate NFIs Non-Food Items NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHA National Highway Authority PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics PCO Population Census Organization PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey RHC Rural Health Centre RSU Reform Support Unit SDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute SMCs School Member Committees SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission UC Union Council UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNOCHA United Nations Oﬃce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aﬀairs WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 1

1 Background Information 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 History Around 400 years ago, the area of district Shikarpur used to be a forests near Indus River, inundated with waters. Mehr and Jatoi Tribes used to visit this area for hunting purposes. Since this region was used for hunting (shikar), so it was named accordingly as Shikarpur . Two Abbasi families, Kalhoro and Daudpota, ruled Sindh for long time. Abbasi are of Arabic origin and descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566 – 662) a paternal uncle and Sahabi (companion) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as well as a progenitor of the Abbasi Khalifa of Baghdad and Qahira. Sultan Ahmad II, son of Shah Muzammil of Egypt left that country and arrived in Sindh with a large following of Arabs ca. 1370. He married the daughter of Raja Rai Dhorang Sahta and received a third of the country in dowry. Amir Fathu'llah Khan Abbasi, is the recognized ancestor of the dynasty. Afterwards, the leadership of the tribe was contested between two branches of the family, the Daudpota and the Kalhoro. Amir Bahadur Khan Abbasi abandoned Tarai and settled near Bhakkar, founding the town of Shikarpur in 1690. Shikarpur is historically significant district and used to be the main hub of cultural and business venture for the passengers coming from Asia Minor, Kabul, Qandhaar, Tashkent, and Bukhara. The city of Shikarpur also had trade contacts with Baghdad, Bombay, Kolkatta and China. Before the British rule, Sindh has three major districts - Hyderabad, Shikarpur, and Karachi. Shikarpur was announced as a district in 1843. During this period Reserve Bank of India was also established in Shikarpur city. This building still exists in the city. People of this district participated significantly in the Independence Movement, Tehreek-e- Khilafat and also Raishmi Romaal Tehreek . When Sindh was given the status of separate province in 1937; Sir Ghulam Hussain Hayatullah from Shikarpur was appointed as the first Chief Minister of the province. Later he was also appointed as first Governor of Sindh on Aug. 14, 1947.

1.1.2 Geography Shikarpur district is bounded on the north by Talukas Jacobabad, Thuland and Kandhkot of district Jacobabad, on the south by river Indus and Khairpur, on the west by district Larkana and on the east by Indus River and Sukher district. The district lies from 27o-38' to 28o-10' north latitudes and 68o-16' to 69o-05' east longitudes. Shikarpur district is a plain formed by the river Indus. There are no mountains or hills formations in Shikarpur district. The land gently slopes from north-west to south east. The general elevation of the land surface varies from about 50 to 100 meters above sea level.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2

The district witnesses extremes of climate. The summer season commences from April and continues till October. May, June and July are the hottest months. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this period are about 42c and 28c respectively. The months of August and September become stuﬀy and suﬀocating. The mean maximum and minimum temperature during the winter months of December, January and February is about 24c and 9c respectively.

1.1.3 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) Shikarpur has been the seat of civilisation, culture, trade and commerce. It acquired political and economic importance because of its strategic location on the map of Sindh, being directly accessible to those who came from Central and West Asia through the Bolan Pass. As per the 1998 census of the country, Shikarpur district had a population of 0.880 Million out of which 0.212 million (24%) was urban. Majority of the population is Muslim i.e. 98.03%, following the minorities of Hindus 1.8% and Christians 0.09%. Hindus form 6.14% of the urban population of the district. Sindhi is the most commonly spoken language in the district as it is spoken by 95.7% of the population. Other languages like Urdu, Balochi, Punjabi, Serayki and Pashto are also spoken3. Shikarpur is famous for its Aachar (pickle) and sweets from Mola Bukhsh Memon. It has a large market and manufactures of cotton, cloth and pottery. The city has rich history and cultural heritage. Shikarpur used to be called "Paris of East" because of its modern buildings built on the pattern of Shanzelize and its Perfume (Ittar) industry4. Pakistan People Party Parliamentarians (PPPP), Pakistan Muslim League (Q), National People Party and nationalist parties are prominent in the political arena of this district. However, PPPP is the most inﬂuential in this district and have won majority of the seats in national and provincial assemblies in the last elections5.

1.1.4 Administrative Division District Shikarpur consists of four talukas namely, Shikarpur, Garhi Yasin, Lakhi and Khan Pur. These 4 talukas spread over 245 Dehs. Thirteen (13) Dehs house of more than ﬁve thousand population and 86 Dehs house between one to two thousand populations each, and remaining 146 dehs have less than one thousand populations in each. There are seven urban localities (one municipal committee and six town committees) and 33 Union Councils in the district.

3 http://visitorsheaven.com/Shikarpur.php 4 http://www.shikarpurcitizensclub.com/urdu-articles/about-shikarpur-urdu.html 5 http://www2.ecp.gov.pk/vsite/ElectionResult/Search.aspx?constituency=PA&constituencyid=PS-11

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 3

Table 1.1.1: Administrative Division of District Shikarpur Knungo Number of Mouzas Patwar Circles/ Shikarpur Circles/ Supervisory Partly Un- Tapas Total Rural Urban Forest Tapas urban populated SHIKARPUR TALUKA 3 13 49 45 2 2 - KHANPUR TALUKA 3 13 52 48 2 1 1 - GARHI YASIN TALUKA 4 25 93 88 2 3 - LAKHI TALUKA 3 13 51 44 2 4 1 - TOTAL 13 64 245 225 6 9 5 - Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization

1.1.5 Road Network Infrastructure District Shikarpur, with an area of 2640 square kilometres, has a population of 880,000. It is divided in four "talukas": Shikarpur, Lakhi, Garhi Yasin and Khanpur. Its borders meet with districts of Larkana, Jacobabad, Khairpur, and Sukkur. Two National Highways (N-65 & N-55) intersect in the city of Shikarpur, so it can well be termed as, one of the junction points of the four provinces. The existing road network in Shikarpur district is fairly good. The district headquarter of Shikarpur is connected with its taluka headquarters of Khanpur, Garhi Yasin and Lakhi through metalled roads. Shikarpur is connected through railway line with Jacobabad in the North Larkana in the south west and Sukkur in the south east.

The district has a total road length of 920.0 kilometres, including 125 kilometres of National Highways and 195 kilometres of Provincial Highways. It is, thus, deﬁcient in road density6 (0.35 km/Km2) compared with recognized international parameters of development (1 km/Km2). During the last few years, creeping development activity has taken pace and 71 kilometres of road, 94 schools and a number of schemes in drainage, health and other sectors have been completed, under various programs.

Table 1.1.2: Road Network Infrastructure of District Shikarpur District Distance from Route via Shikarpur Shikarpur to Hyderabad Indus Highway N55 66 km Shikarpur to Karachi Hyderabad Motorway N05 519 km Shikarpur to DG Khan Indus Highway N55 341 km Shikarpur to Quetta N65 355 Km Source: Sindh Development Institute

1.1.6 Irrigation Agriculture, in Shikarpur, mainly depends upon canal irrigation. However, other modes of land irrigation like pumps and tube wells are also used. Table 1.1.6.1, given below, shows the total

6 Number of kilometers of road in 1 km2

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 4

irrigated area of district Shikarpur by diﬀerent modes of irrigation. Out of 234 rural mouzas, 211 (90%) are irrigated with the help of canals. Tube well Irrigation is also common in 94 mouzas which constitutes 40% of the total rural mouzas. Most of the area is being irrigated by Canals and Tube Wells. However, the rest is irrigated by mixed mode i.e. however, rive irrigation and arid lands are also prevalent in this district. Table1.1.3: Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING SOURCE OF IRRIGATION RURAL SPRING/S FLOODI ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT POPULATE TUBEWELL RAVI ARID(BA CANAL RIVER TREAM/K NG/TOR D MOUZAS /WELL NE RANI) AREZ RENT SHIKARPUR NUMBER 234 211 22 94 0 0 6 1 DISTRICT PERCENT 100 90% 9% 40% 0% 0% 3% 0% SHUKIKARPUR NUMBER 47 47 1 26 0 0 0

TALUKA PERCENT 100 100% 100% 2% 55% 0% 0% 0% KHANPUR NUMBER 49 41 13 44 0 0 0 0 TALUKA PERCENT 100 84% 27% 90% 0% 0% 0% 0% GARHI YASIN NUMBER 90 90 0 5 0 0 0 1 TALUKA PERCENT 100 100% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0% 1% NUMBER 48 33 8 19 0 0 6 0 LAKHI TALUKA PERCENT 100 69% 17% 40% 0% 0% 13% 0% Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization

1.1.7 Solid Waste Management According to World Health Organization, waste is deﬁned as any substance or object arising from human or animal activities that has to be discarded as ‘unwanted’ (Economopoulos, 1993). Solid waste consists of the discarded portion of household material, dead animal remains, trade, commercial, agriculture & industrial waste and other large waste like debris from construction site, furniture etc. All urban localities are covered with Drainage, sewerage or open pacca drain system in district Shikarpur. Twelve (12) schemes have been completed up to June 1997 and 2 schemes with estimated cost of Rs. 24.261 million are under implementation. Since enough water is available according to local requirements due to the availability of ground water in large area of district, it will necessary to provide more drainage schemes when compared to water supply schemes.

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 5

1.2 Demography

1.2.1 Population Characteristics Pakistan is among those countries where the male population is more than female population. One probable reason of this ratio could be underreporting of females during national surveys. Pakistan is among those four countries where life expectancy for female at birth is less than that of males7. Sex ratio in Shikarpur is 108 male per 100 females; this is more than the ratio at National level which is 1068. Though there could be other possible reasons for such a diﬀerence in male to female ratio, such as very high maternal mortality rate9 (0.5 for Sindh; second highest at national level) is likely to be instrumental for a great fall in number of women and poor health care at district and province level10. District Shikarpur is rural by its characteristics like majority of districts in Sindh. Seventy six (76) percent of the population resides in rural area and only 24% of the population resides in urban areas.

Table 1.2.1: Estimated Population of District Shikarpur for 2010 AGE GROUP TOTAL RURAL URBAN (IN YEARS) BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE ALL AGES 1,182,407 613,188 569,219 897,724 466,150 431,575 284,683 147,038 137,644 00 -- 04 201,493 101,701 99,793 159,959 80,834 79,125 41,534 20,867 20,667 05 -- 09 204,781 110,734 94,047 159,723 87,448 72,275 45,058 23,286 21,772 10 -- 14 136,065 77,893 58,172 99,536 58,317 41,219 36,529 19,575 16,954 15 -- 19 119,725 59,839 59,886 87,843 43,565 44,278 31,882 16,274 15,608 20 -- 24 104,663 49,678 54,985 78,751 36,873 41,878 25,913 12,805 13,107 25 -- 29 88,395 44,123 44,271 67,352 33,302 34,050 21,043 10,822 10,221 30 -- 34 70,971 36,412 34,559 53,281 27,001 26,281 17,690 9,412 8,278 35 -- 39 57,180 29,402 27,778 43,097 21,916 21,181 14,082 7,486 6,597 40 -- 44 50,211 24,787 25,424 37,336 18,286 19,050 12,875 6,501 6,374 45 -- 49 38,482 19,657 18,824 28,639 14,520 14,119 9,843 5,137 4,706 50 -- 54 34,853 18,651 16,202 26,157 14,100 12,057 8,696 4,551 4,144 55 -- 59 20,940 10,889 10,051 15,090 7,741 7,349 5,850 3,148 2,702 60 -- 64 22,933 12,554 10,379 17,257 9,524 7,733 5,675 3,030 2,646 65 -- 69 11,199 5,776 5,423 8,120 4,161 3,959 3,079 1,616 1,464 70 -- 74 11,070 6,127 4,943 8,467 4,793 3,674 2,603 1,334 1,269 75 & ABOVE 9,446 4,965 4,482 7,116 3,770 3,347 2,330 1,195 1,135 Source: Estimated on the basis of table 4, Census Report 1998

7 A proﬁle for District Badin, 2009. South-Asia Partnership Pakistan 8 Labour Force Survey 2010-11: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 9 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-07: National Institute of Population Studies, Pakistan. pp. 179 10 Mean distance from hospital/dispensary is 12 km for Sindh: Pakistan Mouza Statistics, Table 15

DEMOGRAPHY 6

1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern

Total population in 1998 was 1,400,000 Population Growth Pattern 880,438. Population of District

1,200,000

Shikarpur is categorized by a

870

685

407 high growth rate of 2.32% per 1,000,000 008

243 , 462

, 741 212 ,

, 1 820

182 ,

1 674 153 ,

, annum which simply means that 279 1 124 ,

612 , 1 096 , 651 800,000 , 1 069 , 373

, 1 043 , 759

, 787 1 018 ,

, 438 993 , population will double itself in 1

969 , 1

946 ,

11 923 ,

901 ,

600,000 880 , next 30.17 years from 1998.

45.87 % of the population is 400,000 below 15 years and 2.68 % is 65 years or above. The estimated 200,000 population for 2010 is 1,182,407 - 2 0 1 9 8 6 7 5 3 4 1 2 0 9 8 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 showing a 31% in 12 years from 1 1998.

1.2.3 Population Distribution by 75+ 0.4% 0.4% Age and Gender 70-74 0.5% 0.4% FEMALE MALE 65-69 0.5% 0.5% 60-64 1.1% 0.9% 55-59 0.9% 0.9% Out of the total population, 52 % are males 50-54 1.6% 1.4% and 48 % are females. Largest cohort of 45-49 1.7% 1.6% 40-44 2.1% 2.2% population is 5-9 years which decreases with 35-39 2.5% 2.3% 5 years interval. Except age groups 15-19, 30-34 3.1% 2.9% 25-29 3.7% 3.7% 20-24, 25-29 and 40-44 in all rest of the age 20-24 4.2% 4.7% groups, male population out numbers 15-19 5.1% 5.1% 10-14 6.6% 4.9% female population. 5-9 9.4% 8.0% 1-4 8.6% 8.4%

1.2.4 Dependent Population The economically dependent Dependent Population percent population is considered to be the population less than 15 years and more than 65 years. In addition to Labor Force them widowed, and/or divorced 51.45% women are also considered dependent population. Dependent Dependent 48.55% population in case of Shikarpur District is 48.55 % of the total population whereas the working

11 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm

T To S L K G Ta p A H H DISTRICT SHIKARPUR A ab o l KH ta IKA AN R u p H ka l le u I T

PUR I Y R

lati

PUR A 1. A L S T UKA 2 IN o T A . n T 3: L A UKA

L A is

UKA L P UKA

o 51

pula

5 tion D %

o Po n 1, l pul 182, e 364,333 202,312 303,015 312,747 y. t

ails a Wh 407 ti o n ic b

y T h

sh al 613, 189,355 104,093 158,284 161,824 o u w Mal k 556 a s

e t h

S o a ur t ce

568, 174,978 144,731 150,923 d F 98,218 : E ema e sti p 851 e m l e n at

d e d o e n n c t D y ra he en

B Po 471 649 576 482 322 s as ti i ty i p s o

o f i T n ab Se

t l h x e Rati 01D e

108 108 106 109 107 d o ist i st

r i r c i t c Ce t

A ns is v us e 9 r R ag 4 e p % e ort Size HH 5.9 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.2 .

Shi

k ar Esti pu 2 r 1998 02, 53,578 34,881 58,272 55,848 m a HHs 580 ted

7 DEMOGRAPHY 8

China WGS84 Kilometers 15 1:30,000,000 Disputed Territory Gilgit Baltistan India September,16 , 2012 September,16 Azad Kashmir http://www.immap.org Tajikistan KPK Punjab Fata Pakistan 7.5 Sindh Uzbekistan 3.75 Taluka Boundary Taluka District Boundary iMMAP_Shikarpur_Population DensityA4L_v1_01 Upto - 322 323 - 482 483 - 576 577 - 649 Balochistan Afghanistan Arabian Sea 0 Map Doc Name: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Resources: Web A4: Nominal Scale at Legend Turkmenistan Map data source(s): PCO (Populaion Census Organization): Boundaries Population Census 1998: Taluka-wise population Density (Estimated) Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP concerning or the legal the status of USAIDany country, territory, city or its frontiers or boundaries. Map Locator Persons/Square kilometer Population Density Iran HHs ated 55,848 58,272 34,881 53,578 202,580 E ƐƟŵĂ 5.2 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.9 Size Kashmore Average HH 107 109 106 108 108 ĂƟŽ Source: 2010 Estimated Based on 1998 Census Sukkur Sex R Pop sity 322 482 576 649 471 Ŷ De 482 Khanpur 98,218 Female 150,923 144,731 174,978 568,851 Male 161,824 158,284 104,093 189,355 613,556 576 Lakhi ĂƟŽŶ 312,747 303,015 202,312 364,333 1,182,407 Population Density Popul September, 2012 September, Khairpur Shikarpur Taluka GARHI YASINTALUKA KHANPUR TALUKA LAKHI TALUKA SHIKARPUR TALUKA Total 649 Shikarpur District Shikarpur 322 Garhi Yasin Jacobabad Larkana D ISTRICT SHIKARPUR 9

1.3 Livelihood

1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income Like other districts of Pakistan, Shikarpur is also an agro-based district with majority of the people earning their livelihood through farming (56%) while the second largest group, 28.3%, depends upon casual labour. Only 5.5% of the people are associated with services sector, 0.89% of the people are associated with business while 7.69% are not doing any type of work. In case of poor households, a larger percentage (35.26%) is dependent on casual labour as compared to in non-poor households (21.4%). The per capita income in Shikarpur is Rs. 1,473/month which is lower than the nationally defined per capita income of Rs. 1,504. The average monthly per capita income for rural Sindh is Rs. 1,49412. Crop cultivation is the single largest source of income followed by labour. These two have a combined share of more than two-thirds (79.5%), the rest being shared amongst various sources such as services, business, pension, rent and remittances. Major contributors to off- farm income are business activities (2.25%) and cash/gifts (1.06%)13. Table 1.3.1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment PERSONAL OVERSEAS GENDER QUANTIFICATION SERVICE AGRICULTURE TRADE INDUSTRY LABOUR BUSINESS EMPLOYEMENT MOSTLY 2 182 - - 1 - 7 MALE SOME 170 51 70 4 109 4 180 NONE 62 1 164 230 124 230 47 MOSTLY 1 114 - - - - 11 FEMALE SOME 43 104 1 3 91 3 141 NONE 190 16 233 231 143 231 82 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization The categories under which these mouzas have reported their population against different livelihood sources are: • Mostly: population of 50 percent and above • Some: population between 1 percent and 50 percent • None: less than or equal to 1 percent

The above mentioned table reveals the sources of employment for the people of district Shikarpur. Out of the 234 rural mouzas, 182 (78%) reported agriculture as the source of employment. The table also reveals that casual labour is frequent in this district. Services and personal business are also major source of employment for some of the population. The below graph show this trends in percentages. It can be ascertained that, in the category of mostly and some, for both male and female population; agriculture, labour, services and personal business are the major sources of employment for the people of this district.

12 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad 13 ibid 9

LIVELIHOOD 10

Percentage of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment 100 80 60 40 20 0 MOSTLY SOME NONE MOSTLY SOME NONE MALE FEMALE

SERVICE AGRICULTURE TRADE INDUSTRY PROFESSIONAL BUSSINESS OVERSEAS EMPLOYEMENT LABOUR

1.3.2 Agriculture The land distribution is highly skewed in this district as 79% of the households (HH) do not own any land. The majority of land ownership is in the 2 to 5 acres category, with the average size of landholding being 2.5 acres per household. 4.1% of the HH own up to 1% of the lands, 6.8% of the HH own 2 to 5 acres, 2.9% own 5 to 12.5 acres and only 0.7% of the HH own 12.5 to 25 acres of land . Resultantly, share cropping and tenant farming is common in this district. Although the literature14 suggests the mixed effect (positive and negative) of tenant farming and share cropping on agriculture productivity, but in developing countries like Pakistan, given the weak agriculture credit institutions and amenities, such types of farming lowers the agriculture productivity. The major crops of the district are wheat and rice. The annual production of wheat and rice over the period 2008-09 was 88.2(000 Tonnes) and 348.9(000 Tonnes) respectively. Other crops, maize, cotton and sugarcane are also cultivated in the district but at a very minute level. Area sown and production of food and cash crops in 2008-09 are reported in the Table 1.3.2. Table 1.3.2: Food and cash crops cultivated in district Shikarpur Area Sown in 2008-09 Production in 2008-09 Area Sown in 2010-11 Type Crop (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes) (Hectares) FAO

Wheat 31.3 88.2 N/A Rice 96.1 348.9 102,000 Food Maize 0.1 0 N/A Sugarcane 0 0 29

Cash Cotton 0.1 0.5 bales 33 Source: Crop Area and Production by Districts for 28 Years; 2008-09 Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS)

14 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad 10

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 11

Note: It is to be noted that the production of cotton is shown in bales instead of tonnes and the numbers reported are rounded oﬀ to nearest decimal places. Over the last 28 years15, total area sown for food crops has shown a drastic change. Wheat The available data on area and Index of the Area & Production of Rice production shows that over the 2.5 last 28 years, area sown is the 2 same with a slight increase in it 1.5 and production with relatively 1 increasing trends. From 1980’s 0.5 area sown is more consistent 0 9 7 8 6 4 5 3 1 2 9 0 7 8 6 5 3 4 1 2 0 8 9 6 7 5 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 ------8 6 7 5 3 4 2 0 1 8 9 6 7 5 4 2 3 0 1 9 7 8 5 6 4 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 than production, area showed 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 same tendency but it decreased 1 1 Area Production in the period of 2001 to 2004 but after that there is the same score which was before declining. Production showed increasing trends and relatively higher than area. Production increased over the time period but decrease in 1985 and in 2000. Rice Rice is also an important food Index of the Area & Production of Wheat crop of the district. The data 5 shows that there is an increasing 4.5 4 trend in both rice production and 3.5 area sown. But from 1980’s 3 2.5 increase in production is 2 1.5 signiﬁcantly higher than the area 1 0.5 cultivated for the production of 0 9 8 7 5 6 4 2 3 1 0 8 9 7 6 5 4 2 3 9 0 1 8 7 5 6 4 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 ------rice. In 1984-85 and 1999 to 2002 - - 8 7 6 4 5 3 1 2 0 9 7 8 6 5 4 3 1 2 8 9 0 7 6 4 5 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 production area decreased but 1 1 over all there is an increase in Area Production area sown till 2008-09. The trend in production of rice is same as area but production is meaningfully higher than area.

1.3.3 Industry The manufacturing establishments in district Shikarpur are reported as 35 units during the latest census of manufacturing Industries (CMI) 1997. By comparing with the previous census that took place in 1990-91, under which 27 units were reported, it shows that 8 units have been

15 Area and Production by District for 28 Years, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2010 11

LIVELIHOOD 12 closed. There are 12 textiles units, 323 rice mills, 14 beverages industries and one oil industry is working in this district16.

1.3.4 Livestock Livestock is one of the major sub-sector of Agriculture and back bone of Pakistan’s economy. Its main by-products including hides and skins have substantial potential as semi-finished products. A substantial growth in Livestock products such as milk, meat, beef, mutton, poultry and eggs have been noticed over the past few years. It has been estimated that over three - fourths of the farm power comes from animals, and they are used for most of the farm operations. Bullocks provide the draft power on farm and in transport around the villages. Most farmers traditionally keep a few heads of livestock, 2.13 livestock/HH, ranging from bullocks for draft to buffaloes or cattle for milk and poultry for eggs & meat 17. As per livestock census 1996, the population of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats in Shikarpur district were recorded at 221,841, 279,676, 142,154 and 168,243 respectively. The population of livestock grew by 4.4% cattle, 5.5% buffaloes, 10.8% sheep and 2.2% goats over the last livestock census enumerated in 1986. Meat, hair, hides, skins and wool are the other major products of livestock. Beef is the most important source of meat in the district. Mutton comes next in the market place, and it is provided by a variety of goats and sheep. In order to meet the requirements of meat and milk, livestock farming seems to be necessarily in a joint venture of public/private sector or helping private sector in importing the livestock for establishing livestock farms through loans on easy terms & conditions. The Shikarpur district has a vast potential for establishing livestock farming in the district.

16 http://sindhdevelopmentinstitute.blogspot.com/2005/03/shikarpur-economic-proﬁle.html 17 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad

DISTRICT RAJANPUR 13

1.4 Food Security Food security can be broadly divided into four components: Availability of food in terms of suﬃcient quantity available through domestic production or imports Access to adequate resources given the socio-political and economic arrangements of the community Utilization Refers to the body’s ability to make use of the nutrients provided. This requires clean water sanitation and health care Stability includes an all-time access and utilization of food without any fear of losing it due to any shock (natural calamity, economic shock). This component points out to the sustainability of food in an area.

1.4.1 Availability In Shikarpur district, wheat and rice is being produced for meeting food requirement as major crops along with other cash crops such as maize, pulses and vegetables. Maize, pulses and vegetables are relatively less produced in the district.

Below table shows, wheat and rice are cropped in 98% and 88% of the mouzas respectively. So overall crop based food availability is suﬃcient in the Shikarpur district18.

Table 1.4.1: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING MAJOR CROPS ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT WHEAT RICE COTTON SUGARCANE MAIZE PULSES ORCHARDS VEGETABLES SHIKARPUR DISTRICT 230 207 - - 1 5 - 7 SHUKIKARPUR TALUKA 47 47 ------KHANPUR TALUKA 48 40 - - 1 3 - 1 GARHI YASIN TALUKA 88 79 - - - - 4 LAKHI TALUKA 47 41 - - - 2 - 2 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization Food availability not only depends on the wheat only but also rests on availability of other cereals like rice, maize etc. Rice is produced in surplus quantity whereas maize production falls short of the requirement in this district. Animal based food availability (meat, milk, milk products) is also important for total food availability. On average, livestock constitutes 24% of the productive assets of each HH. According to a survey, people invest 24% of their loans on the livestock19. Such attention towards livestock rearing depicts the abundant availability of meat

18 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad 19 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad

FOOD SECURITY 14

and other livestock products. Combining both, crop based and animal based food self- suﬃciency, Shikarpur is in surplus for food availability20.

1.4.2 Access Despite the fact that the food is in surplus in Shikarpur district, it is not the only indicator of food security. If the available food is not socio-economically accessible to the masses, availability alone cannot make a society food secure. Household income, inflation, child dependency and monthly food expenditures are some of the indicators that define access to food. The per capita income in Shikarpur is Rs. 1,473/month which is lower than the nationally defined per capita income of Rs. 1,504. The average monthly per capita income for rural Sindh is Rs. 1,49421. Child dependency (ratio between children and household members in economically active age group) is high in district Shikarpur which constitutes as one of the limiting factors in meeting the daily needs of households. The increased dependency ratio enhances the spending of the household on child care and food which results in a per capita reduction of socio-economic access to food in the district. The share of household expenditures on food is 61.8% of the total income in Sindh. So the low level of income, high food expenditures and high inflation (particularly food inflation) hinders access to food in the district Shikarpur. The table below shows physical access of food in the district Shikarpur depicting the distance of mouzas from the wholesale markets. Average distance from the fruit and vegetable market of a Mouza is 25 and 24 kilometres respectively, whereas the distance from the grain market is 23 kilometres. Such long distances impede access to food.

Table 1.4.2: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets

Overall Mouzas by Distance (in Kilometres) by Facility Rural Mean Type of facility Populated Less 51 & Distance 1 - 10 11 – 25 26 – 50 Mouzas Than 1 Above (KM) Number 234 25 30 106 88 10 Livestock Market Percent 100 13 45 38 4 Number 234 23 2 37 113 72 10 Grains Market Percent 100 1 16 48 31 4 Number 234 25 30 102 91 11 Fruit Market Percent 100 13 44 39 5 Number 234 24 1 37 101 84 11 Vegetable Market Percent 100 16 43 36 5 Govt. Procurement Number 234 23 36 112 74 10 Centre Percent 100 15 48 32 4

Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization 20 ibid 21 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 15

1.4.3 Utilization In addition to food availability and access, proper assimilation of food in the body is essential. Food utilization and stability depicts this absorption of food and its sustainability. Improved sanitation facilities, clean drinking water, health infrastructure and individual health status along with the female literacy plays vital role in food absorption. According to Food Security Analysis (FSA) 2009, access to improved drinking water is reasonable in this district. Seventy nine (79%) of the HH use hand pumps and 17% use motor pumps as source of drinking water22. Female literacy rate is 29% in this district which is considered as very low. Table 1.4.3: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water Water Delivery System SHIKARPUR Tap Water Hand Pump Motor Pump Dug Well Other Total 4 79 17 0 0 Urban 1 37 62 0 1 Rural 5 91 4 0 0 Source: PSLM 2010-11 Also, the sanitation conditions are relatively better in the district Shikarpur where 44% of the households has ﬂush toilets and 54% has the non-ﬂush toilets. Only 2% of the households have no toilet facility. Table 1.4.4: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet Flush Non-Flush No Toilet Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 96 30 44 4 67 54 0 3 2 Source: PSLM 2010-11

Moreover, in the district Shikarpur, 64% of the population is poor and the poverty gap ratio is 31% which is alarmingly high23. Such high poverty and the high inﬂationary pressures, particularly food inﬂation, low level of HH income push the households towards food insecurity. Combining all the indicators of food security i.e, availability, access, utilization and stability; it can be concluded safely that district Shikarpur is a food insecure district of Pakistan.

22 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad 23 Poverty Gap Ratio is deﬁned as average of the ratio of the poverty gap to the poverty line. It is expressed as a percentage of the poverty line for a country or a region. Poverty gap index is a percentage between 0 and 100%. A theoretical value of zero implies that all the extremely poor people are exactly at the poverty line.

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 16

1.5 Health

1.5.1 Details of Health Facilities According to Population Welfare Department Sindh24 there are 3 Taluka hospitals, 7 rural health centres and 33 basic health units. Total fertility rate is 5.4 which is quite higher. Contraceptive prevalence rate is 66.7. In the whole district there are 40 Hakims (quakes), 5 homeopaths and 100 registered medical practitioners are currently working in the district. According to World Health Organization (WHO) there are total 64 health facilities including 4 maternal and child health centres. Table 1.5.1 shows the details of health facilities in the district. Table 1.5.1: Number of Health Facilities by Type Facility Type Number BASIC HEALTH UNIT 35 DISPENSARY 13 HOSPITAL 5 MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 4 RURAL HEALTH CENTRE 7 Grand Total 64 World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 Immunization 12 In district Shikarpur around 48% pregnant women have received 10 tetanus toxoid injections. In urban 8

areas this percentage is 64% and in Urban 25 6 rural areas it is 45% . Record Rural 26 4 based immunization data of Total district Shikarpur shows that 10% 2

(Male 7%: Female 14%) of the 0 S 1 2 3 1 2 3 E CG O O O L I I I P T P T P T

children aged 12-23 months have B S L L L D D D A E P O P O P O

received full immunization. In urban M areas this percentage is 19 percent (Male 9%: Female 28%) and in rural areas it is 9% (Male 7%: Female 11%). The graph shows the percentage of children of 12-23 months that have been immunized by the type of Antigen based on records27.

24 http://www.sindh.gov.pk/dpt/PopulationDev/shikarpur.htm 25 Table 3.11, Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2010-2011 26 Table 3.4 (b) Based on record: Children who reported having received full immunization who also have an immunization card, expressed as a percentage of all children aged 12-23 months. Also immunizations to be classed as fully immunized a child must have received: ‘BCG’, ‘DPT1’, ‘DPT2’, ‘DPT3’, ‘Polio1’, ‘Polio2’ 27 Table 3.5: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2010-2011

HEALTH AND NUTRITION 17

China WGS84 Kilometers 14 1:30,000,000 DisputedTerritory Gilgit Gilgit Baltistan India September,16 , 2012 , September,16 Azad Kashmir http://www.immap.org Tajikistan KPK Punjab Fata 7 Pakistan Sindh 3.5 Uzbekistan Union Councils District Boundary SUB HEALTH SUBCENTREHEALTH MATERNAL CHILD& CENTRE HEALTH MATERNAL CENTRE RURAL HEALTH TB CLINIC Taluka Boundary Taluka BASICUNITHEALTH DISPENSARY HOSPITAL ts authorities, or concerning the delimitation of Settlements Balochistan Afghanistan Arabian Sea iMMAP_Shikarpur_Health_Facilities_MapA4L_v1_01 ! ! A A ! < ! C ! C ! C ! C 0 Nominal Scale at A4: NominalScale at Web Resources: Web Projection/Datum: CreationDate: Map DocMap Name: Legend Turkmenistan concerning the legal status of cityanyterritory, or country, opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP or the USAID area area or of i material material on this map do not imply the expression of any Georgia University: Georgia Shikarpur Settlements PCO(Populaion Census Organization): Boundaries Health WHO(World Organization): Health Facilities its frontiersits or boundaries. Map dataMap source(s): Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of MapLocator Health Facilities Health Iran Garhi Tegho Kashmore Sukkur Bagh Mehmooda Pir Pir Bux Shujrah Khanpur Abad Shabira Sehwani Chak Rahimabad Rustam Thanhrio Khan Jehan Bhirkan Ghari Taib Dhako Lakhi Abdoo Health Facilities Wazirabad Zarkhel Lodra Lakhi Jano Ruk Mian Sahib September, 2012 Kot Khairpur Amrote Sultan Mirzapur Abro Karan Jacobabad Naushahro Hamayun Shikarpur Yasin Garhi District Shikarpur Gaheja Jagan Dero Jindo Garhi Yasin Bhambhir Madeji Dakhan Nim Jahanwah Mangi Shhato Waryaso Larkana DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 18

1.6 Education

1.6.1 Some Highlights Literacy Rate (10 years and above) 50% Adult Literacy Rate (15 years and above) 47% GPI Primary 0.59 GPI Middle 1.62 GPI Secondary 0.47 GPI Higher Secondary 0.24 Population that has ever attended School 36 Male 50 Female 19 Population that has completed primary level or higher 28 Male 39 Female 14 Student Teacher Ratio 29 Primary 30 Middle 20 Secondary 21 Higher Secondary 36 Source: Reform Support Unit Sindh 2010-11 and Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2010-11

1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio The education status is quite poor in Shikarpur. The overall literacy rate (for the population of 10 years and above) for the district is 50%, for male it is 68% and for female it is 29%. For the urban rural comparison, urban literacy rate is higher than the rural, which is 71%. Among urban community, literacy rate for male is 87 % and for female it is 55%; whereas the rural literacy rate is 43%, and in rural community, literacy rate for male is 63% and for female it is 20%. Adult literacy rate (for the population of 15 years and above) is 47 %. Gross Enrolment Ratio28 (GER) for primary level in Shikarpur is 75% (Male: 88%, Female: 59%), in urban community it is 98% (Male: 103%, Female: 92%) and in rural community it is 69% (Male: 84%, Female: 52%). Net Enrolment Ratio29 (NER) for primary in Shikarpur is 49% (Male: 54%, Female: 43%), in urban community it is 69% (Male: 72%, Female: 64%) and in rural community it is 45 (Male: 50%, Female: 39%). Table 1.6.1 shows details of Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Rural and Urban Gender at diﬀerent levels

28 Total enrolment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. 29 Enrolment of the official age group for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population

EDUCATION 19

Table 1.6.1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Diﬀerent levels Gross Enrolment Rates Net Enrolment Rates Urban/ Rural/ Gender Middle Matric Primary Middle Matric District Primary Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Male 103% 68% 73% 72% 25% 11% Urban Female 92% 77% 41% 64% 24% 12% Total 98% 72% 53% 69% 24% 12% Male 84% 33% 43% 50% 12% 4% Rural Female 52% 17% 12% 39% 7% 3% Total 69% 27% 29% 45% 10% 3% Male 88% 40% 48% 54% 14% 5% Total Female 59% 30% 21% 43% 11% 6% Total 75% 35% 35% 49% 13% 5% Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2010-11

1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details The total male enrolment of District Shikarpur is 83,775 while the total female enrolment is 46,580, whereas the total enrolment is 130,355. Out of total 4,432 teachers 3,517 are male and 915 are female teachers. This illustrates that one teacher is teaching averagely 29 students. The total boys’ schools of District Shikarpur are 563, while the total female schools are 255 and mixed gender schools are 529. Thus, the total number of schools is 1,380. This means that averagely every school has teaching staﬀ of around 230.

1.6.3.1 Primary Total numbers of primary level schools that are reported are 1,256. The total enrolment at primary level is 96,228. Gender wise 60,578 are boys and 35,650 are girls. Total numbers of teachers at primary level, are 3,096 out of which 2,484 are male and 611 are female teachers. Thus on an average each primary school has enrolment of 77 students with teaching staﬀ of 2. However the student class ratio is 33 and each school has averagely around 2 class rooms.

1.6.3.2 Middle There are total 68 middle schools reported. The total enrolment at middle level is 3,895 of which 1,484 are boys’ enrolment, whereas, the girls enrolment is 3,411. The total teachers at middle level are 223 out of which 127 are male teachers, while, 96 are female teachers. Thus on an average each middle school has average enrolment of 57 students with teaching staﬀ of 3. However the student class ratio is 15 and each school has averagely around 4 class rooms.

1.6.3.3 Matric There are total 47 secondary schools. The total enrolment at secondary level is 21,022 of which 14,305 are boys’ enrolment whereas 6,717 are girls’ enrolment. The total no. of teachers at secondary level is 824 out of which male teachers are 651 and female teachers are 173. Thus on an average each secondary school has average enrolment of 447 students with teaching staﬀ of 18. However the student class ratio is 52 and each school has averagely around 9 class rooms.

30 Statistical Education Bulletin, Reform Support Unit, Sindh Government.

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 20

1.6.3.4 Higher Secondary There are total 9 higher secondary schools. The total enrolment at higher secondary level is 9,210 out of which 7,408 are boys’ enrolment and 1,802 are girls’ total enrolment in higher secondary level. The total no. of teachers at higher secondary level is 285 out of which 255 are male teachers and 30 are female teachers. Thus on an average each higher secondary school has average enrolment of 1,023 students with teaching staﬀ of 32. However the student class ratio is 71 and each school has averagely around 14 class rooms. Table 1.6.2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender31 Enrolment School Facilities Teachers Level Boys Girls Mixed Total Boys Girls Mixed Total Male Female Total Primary 28,633 18,804 48,791 96,228 510 217 529 1,256 2,484 612 3,096 Middle 870 1,739 1,286 3,895 24 26 18 68 127 100 227 Secondary 11,627 5,722 3,673 21,022 24 10 13 47 651 173 824 Higher Secondary 5,709 1,294 2,207 9,210 5 2 2 9 255 30 285 Total 46,839 27,559 55,957 130,355 563 255 562 1,380 3,517 915 4,432

31 Sindh School List 2010-11 RSU

DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 21

2 Disaster History and Its Impact 2.1 Disaster in Shikarpur

2.1.1 Disaster History Although there is not much information available (except for the previous decade) on the history of disasters in District Shikarpur and this district is not disaster free area. Disasters of different kinds are reported in the previous decade. Earthquake was reported in 2001. Heavy rains and seasonal monsoon were reported in 2003, 2010 and 2011. Riverine and flash floods are reported in 2003, 2005, and 2010 2011. According to Board of Revenue Sindh 2010, the relative severity of floods in Shikarpur is given a rank 2 which means low floods32. River Indus after receiving water from 5 rivers system causes floods in the northern and southern parts of the Sindh province. The upper regions of the Sindh Province constitute the districts of Kashmore, Shikarpur, Jacobabad, Larkana and Kambar Shahdadkot on the right bank of River Indus and Ghotki, Sukkur, Khairpur, Naushahroferoze and Shaheed Benazirabad on the left bank of River Indus. These districts on the right and left of River Indus pose a severe threat owing to passing of River Indus. Heavy rains are also a major cause flooding in the district. Vulnerable points of Shikarpur are Hamayoon Jaggan, Sultan Kot, Jahanwah, Lodra, Karan, Jano, Khanpur except town, Garhi Dakho, Rahim Abad, Mian Sahib, Zarkhail, Thanhrio, Shabirabad, Garhi Tegho, Pir Bux Shujra, Mahmood-A-Bag, Taib, Wazirabad, Rustam, Sehwani, Chak, Bhirkan, Mungrani, Bhanbhihar, Nim Sharif, Jindo Dero, Mirzapur, Amrote Sharifam33. Along with the aforementioned disasters epidemics, casualties from accidents and environmental degradation occur on yearly basis. The district is highly vulnerable to the floods. In 2010 District Shikarpur was severely hit by floods and a population of 778,000 persons was affected. Hazard history of District Shikarpur can be seen in the table below34 Area a ected/union Hazard Frequency Severity/Force Year councils Floods Monsoon Entire district High (2012,2011,2010,2005,2003) Seasonal Heavy rains Whole district High 2003,2010,2011 /monsoon Earthquake Entire district Low 2001 Epidemics Seasonal Entire district Low Every year Transport accidents Often Entire district Low Every year Environmental Through out Entire district Low Every year degradation

32 Flood Facts 2010. 33 Sindh Contingency Plan 2012. 34 Ibid

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 22

China WGS84 Kilometers 14 1:30,000,000 Disputed Territory Gilgit Baltistan India September,16 , 2012 September,16 Azad Kashmir http://www.immap.org Tajikistan KPK Punjab Fata 7 Pakistan Sindh 3.5 Uzbekistan District Boundary Flood 2010 Taluka Boundary Taluka Flood 2011 Union Councils Boundary Flood 2012 Railway Line Roads Rivers Settlements SUB HEALTH CENTRE SUB HEALTH TB CLINIC MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTRE & CHILD HEALTH MATERNAL RURAL HEALTH CENTRE HEALTH RURAL Balochistan BASIC HEALTH UNIT BASIC HEALTH DISPENSARY HOSPITAL Afghanistan Arabian Sea iMMAP_Shikarpur_Flood Risk Analysis_MapA4L_v1_01 ! A ! ! < ! C 0 ! C ! C ! C A Map Doc Name: Creation Date: Projection/Datum: Resources: Web A4: Nominal Scale at Turkmenistan Map data source(s): PCO (Populaion Census Organization): Boundaries Food Programme): Roads, Railways (World WFP Health Organization): Facilities WHO (World ESRI: Rivers Georgia University: Shikarpur Settlements MODIS: Flood Extents Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any area or of its authorities, concerning the delimitation opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP concerning or the legal the status of USAIDany country, territory, city or Health Facilities Map Locator Legend Iran

a Garhi Tegho l analysis using a Ɵ Ň ooded water due to Kashmore Į ed, so it may not depict the eld Į eld veri Sukkur Bagh Mehmooda Pir Bux Shujrah Ň ood 2010 declared a ī ected councils union Ň ood 2010. Abad Shabira Khanpur Sehwani Chak Į eld. Rahimabad Thanhrio Rustam on the in Ň oods, 14 villages besides the werea ī ected directly inundated councils. union Bhirkan Khan Jehan September, 2012 there were 102 villages out of total 259 under th Ghari Dhako Abdoo On On 12 heavy monsoon rains. University of Georgia Villages database. Ɵ actual situa Results are not During 2011During *Results have been extracted from Modis satellite Imageries and sp Out Out of 259 villages 136 villages were in lying 79 out of 259 villages were water under in 145 villages of 259 villages are the ofwithin range 10 kilometer from rivers. Taib Lakhi Lodra Wazirabad Flood Risk Analysis Zarkhel Lakhi Jano Ruk Mian Sahib Jacobabad September, 2012 September, Kot Sultan Amrote Mirzapur Khairpur Karan Abro Hamayun Naushahro Shikarpur Garhi Yasin District Shikarpur Gaheja Jagan Bhambhir Dero Jindo Dakhan Madeji Garhi Yasin Nim Mangi Shhato Jahanwah Waryaso Larkana DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 23

D China WGS84 Kilometers 14 1:30,000,000 DisputedTerritory Gilgit Gilgit Baltistan India September,16 , 2012 , September,16 Azad Kashmir http://www.immap.org Tajikistan KPK Punjab Fata 7 Pakistan Sindh Uzbekistan 3.5 District Boundary Taluka Boundary Taluka PossibleSafe Locations During Flood Combine Maximum Flood Extent of Recent3 years floods Flooded InnundatedAreas 2010-2012 Union Councils Boundary Railway Line Roads Rivers Settlements SUB HEALTH CENTRE SUBHEALTH MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTRE & HEALTH CHILD MATERNAL CENTRE HEALTH RURAL TB CLINIC TB Balochistan BASICUNIT HEALTH DISPENSARY HOSPITAL iMMAP_Shikarpur_SafeLocations_MapA4L_v1_01 Afghanistan Arabian Sea ! ! A A ! < ! C ! C ! C ! C 0 Nominal Scale at A4: NominalScale at Web Resources: Web Projection/Datum: CreationDate: Map DocMap Name: Turkmenistan opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP or the USAI material material on this map do not imply the expression of any ESRI:Rivers WHO (World Health WHO(World Organization): Health Facilities University: Georgia Shikarpur Settlements Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of PCO(Populaion Census Organization): Boundaries Food (World Programme):WFP Roads, Railways Map dataMap source(s): MODIS: Flood MODIS: Extents concerning the legal status of cityanyterritory, or country, area or of itsor area of authorities, or concerningthe delimitation of Health Facilities MapLocator Legend Iran Garhi Tegho Kashmore Sukkur Bagh Pir Bux Pir Shujrah Mehmooda Abad Shabira Khanpur Sehwani Chak Rahimabad Rustam Thanhrio Bhirkan Khan Jehan Ghari Dhako Abdoo Taib Lakhi Lodra Wazirabad Zarkhel Lakhi Jano Ruk Mian Jacobabad Sahib Possible Safe Locations During Flood September,2012 Kot Sultan Amrote Mirzapur Khairpur Karan Abro Naushahro Hamayun Shikarpur Garhi Yasin Gaheja Jagan Bhambhir Dero Jindo Garhi Yasin District Shikarpur Madeji Dakhan Nim Mangi Shhato Jahanwah Waryaso Larkana DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 24

2.2 Disaster Impact

2.2.1 Demography Shikarpur district is unfortunate in the sense that it was consecutively hit by heavy floods both in 2010, 2011, and now in 2012. In 2010 floods35 all 1,359 villages were affected and in total 401,831 acre of land were inundated. 110,189 acres of crop area were inundated. A population of 778,000 persons was affected and there were 13 casualties and 77 injuries. 838 cattle head perished. Total 117,879 houses were affected out of which 94,303 were kacha houses and 23,756 were pakka houses. In the year 2011 floods have affected Shikarpur district to a lesser extent and as compared to 2010 only 4 UCs were affected36. Total 3 casualties and 4 injuries were reported during floods 2011. Population of 75 people was affected and 30 houses were destroyed. 28 cattle head perished and 20,218 acres of crop area were damaged. Table 2.2.1 shows the losses and damages summary. Table 2.2.1: Summary of Losses and Damages37 Attribute Figure 2011 Figure 2010 Source Total Households 2010 202,580 Estimated Affected Households 12 67,850 Total UCs 47 PDMA UC Affected 4 31 NDMA/OCHA Total Revenue Villages 240 DCR 1998 Villages Affected 7 1,359 NDMA Total Houses Affected 30 117,879 Partially Damaged 0 n/a NDMA Destroyed 30 n/a Kacha n/a 94,303 UNOCHA Pakka n/a 23,756 Total Population 1,182,407 Estimated Affected Population 75 400,317 UNOCHA Death 3 13 NDMA Injuries 4 77 Total Area 620,728.72 Calculated Total Affected Area 2,500 280,563 NDMA/OCHA Crop Area Affected 20,218 110,189

35 http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/ﬁles/resources/1E81D6C5A7396DAFC12577970048423B-Map.pdf 36 NDMA Losses and Damages Data as of 30th November 2011 37 Summary of NDMA Losses and Damages Data as of 30th November 2011 and UN OCHA District Shikarpur Proﬁle as on 19 January 2011

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 25

Table 2.2.2: Summary of Losses and Damages by Taluka for 2010 Total A ected Total Area A ected Area Total A ected Taluka Population Population (Km2) (KM2) UCs UCs Lakhi 202,312 87,243 679 486 11 8 Garhi Ya 312,747 70,954 581 348 11 6 Sin Khanpur 303,015 87,243 387 114 10 11 Shikarpur 364,333 154,877 941 187 15 7 Total 1,182,407 400,317 2,589 1,135 47 32 Source: UNOCHA 2010-11 It is to be noted here that PDMA Sindh has mentioned 10 UCs of Khanpur Taluka whereas UNOCHA in its Profile for District Shikarpur updated as on January 2011, reported 11 affected UCs of Khanpur Taluka. The latest situational update for District Shikarpur for the oods 2012 are given below38 UC Sultan Kot: In sultankot town, UC Sultankot, Taulka Shikarpur, about 10 houses have so far collapsed. The water levels for now to 2 to 3 feet. DCO has called for a camp in hospital. UC Hamayoun: Abdal town is flooded with 2 feet water, with crops completely submerged, in UC Hamayoun. UC Lodra: The Lodra town is flooded with 3 feet water, drainage completely submerged. Few houses have collapsed there as well. In chandia village one person died due to roof collapse. About 20 houses have collapsed in Dergah bhudal Faqir, with no casualities. In village Taghio Jafri, two women and two children died due to roof collapse in the house. Garhi Yasin Town: Two to three feet water levels in the town. A woman died of house collapse in Odhana mohla, and a male injured. UC Zerkhail: 70 t0 80% houses have collapsed in villages Qazi Pati, Qalbali Wandh, Jangi Khan Brohi, Bego Brohi, Paaro Jafri, Mirani village and Umed Ali Brohi. In village Qalbali ji wandh between 40-50 houses have collapsed. The IDPs have taken shelter in a school building. The village is flooded with about two feet of water. The crops are completely flooded there, with reports of number of cattle heads dead as well. The building of Union council and one school has completely collapsed. UC Wazirabad: building of BHU Wazirabad is completely inundated with flood water. Shikarpur City: The Deputy Commissioner Dr Azhar has called upon an Emergency meeting of all the officers and an Emergency has been declared. In most of the low lying residential areas about 4 feet water levels there as well, with about 2 feet water inside people's bedrooms. The Army has been called to rescue people there.

38 Foundation for Urban and Rural Development (FURD) 11 September 2012.

District Shikarpur Affected Population Density September, 2012

Legend

District Boundary

Taluka Boundary Jacobabad

Affected Population Density Kashmore Persons/Square kilometer Upto - 122 123 - 128 129 - 164 165 - 225

Shikarpur Khanpur 164 225

Shikarpur DISASTER HISTORYANDITSIMPACT Map Doc Name: Garhi iMMAP_Shikarpur_Affected_Population DensityA4L_v1_01 Yasin Creation Date: September,16 , 2012 Projection/Datum: WGS84 Web Resources: http://www.immap.org 122 Lakhi Nominal Scale at A4: 1:30,000,000 0 3.75 7.5 15 Kilometers 128 Map data source(s): PCO (Populaion Census Organization): Boundaries Population Census 1998: Taluka-wise Affected population Density (Estimated)

Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP or the USAID concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Uzbekistan Sukkur Tajikistan Turkmenistan China

Gilgit Baltistan KPK Afghanistan Disputed Territory Larkana Azad Kashmir Fata Pop Average HH EƐƟ mated Khairpur Punjab Taluka Popul ĂƟŽn Male Female Density Sex R ĂƟo Size HHs Pakistan GARHI YASINTALUKA 312,747 161,824 150,923 322 107 5.2 55,848 Balochistan KHANPUR TALUKA 303,015 158,284 144,731 482 109 4.7 58,272 India LAKHI TALUKA 202,312 104,093 98,218 576 106 4.9 34,881 Iran Sindh SHIKARPUR TALUKA 364,333 189,355 174,978 649 108 4.7 53,578 Total 1,182,407 613,556 568,851 471 108 5.9 202,580 Arabian Sea Source: 2010 Estimated Based on 1998 Census Map Locator 26 DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 27

2.2.2 Livelihood District Shikarpur has been the severe hit of floods, thrice, in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Analysis of both floods is given as under along with the data available at the time of writing this report on flood 2012.

2.2.2.1 Impact of Floods 2010 on Livelihood: According to the official statistics, 584 villages were inundated and affected due to the floods 201039. Due to the inundation and floods 2010, based on household recall of their main source of livelihood before the floods, significant changes in livelihood have occurred as a result of the floods. The percentage of household describing themselves as without a main source of livelihood has increased from 7.9% before the flood to almost 60%. Agriculture farming has reduced from around 50% of household’s main form of livelihood to being cited as the main source of livelihood for less than 10%40. Non-farm livelihoods were heavily affected by the floods. 55% of households not engaged in agriculture report that there business or employment situation has been totally affected by the floods. Only 19% of households reported that their non-agricultural livelihood had not been impacted. 40% of the people have been displaced from the land while 39% are not being able to return to your usual place of residence. As a result, 25% were not being able to afford to rebuild (25%). Overcrowding, lack of money and security issues were the most often mentioned concerns of both the male and female community groups. The highest priority in terms of the restoration of community infrastructure for both male and female community groups were mosques41.

2.2.2.2 Impact of Floods 2011 on Livelihood: The severity of floods 2011 was much lesser as compared to the floods 2010, nonetheless, a significant proportion of people were affected in 2011. Around Only 7 villages were affected in the total 4 talukas. Total 75 people were affected out of which 53 were male and 29 females42. As a result, there was no big shock to the sources of livelihood for people of Shikarpur due to floods 2011.

2.2.2.3 Impact of Floods 2012 on Livelihood: As compared to 2011 ﬂoods, the severity of 2012 ﬂoods is much higher. The district is inundated with 2-3 feet standing water. More than 100 houses were collapsed in 4 UCs. So far 6 casualties and 1 injury is reported in Shikapur District.

39 Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), Government of Sindh 40 Multi Cluster Rapid Humanitarian Need Assessment (2010), UNOCHA 41 ibid 42 Sindh Flood Situation Update (Sep,2011), UNOCHA

DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 28

2.2.3 Damage to Agriculture: It has been previously established that agriculture is the main source of livelihood/income for the people of district Shikarpur. So any damage to this sector directly affects the population, particularly the poor, in this district. Rice crop had been the most severely hit by the floods 2010 along with the minor effect on cotton. All the vegetables were damaged. As the table below depicts, almost all the food and cash crops had been affected but the extent of damage had been more severe in floods 2010 as compared to floods 2011. Table 2.3.1: Crop Area Affected in District Shikarpur Floods 2010 Floods 2011 District Baseline Damage43 Baseline Damage44 Crop type Name Standing crop Standing crop Standing crop Standing crop (acres) (000 acres) (000 acres) (acres) 12 Cotton N/A N/A 82 (8% crop damage) 109.7 8,160 Rice 110 102,000 (100% crop damage) (8% crop damage)

pu r 13.3 Sugarcane 16.6 29 0 ka r i (80% crop damage) h S 4.4 Fodder 5.5 N/A N/A (80% crop damage) 20,218 Total N/A 110,18945 252,356 (8% crop damage)

During ﬂoods 2012, standing crops have been completely submerged in UC Hamayoun and UC Zerkhail.

43 Flood Impact Proﬁle: Shikarpur (2010), UNOCHA 44 Sindh Flood Situation (2011), UNOCHA 45 Rapid Crop Damage Assessment (2010), Pakistan: Flood/Rains, SUPARCO

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 29

d r r o n n e

f o f o s s

e a s s e e

e e r e ir d

e s c s t w e rt e e a t u n u e o e o o t h w s m p t a

e l wor k r f ti h e l a tio n i s

riori ti s a t : d ir h r p o r a o tly s e s e e o r d n as s t p s h e l d lt u

r d rit y cla m

t iti e l o fo u

e w h f la n e

e o rg e

tr oy e f o h e ce o p ap % s

c p e h u n o ig h cti v e G s n n gri c

e r o d n cr op s u a ma j pu ts d e t a e p 5,000 p 5,000 u o cr o ti o e d g a ti o Fin a I n L and r d i s 2 o o h e h s u t a e r ee h i n t h f nd 10 0 t oo d a tion t e s

s h s f il i g th e i d m h a o i h o a e t v l o u tri b s i n tire ri c tire e ac u a b e s s as n r o v n h h

ee d Al m Sind lo s 90 % 40 % e T p r e li v lo s e Di w

47 % n r e

s r t t s d ir

a tio n o

d e

p 94,303 94,303 u o r e 2010

h e it u s t e d s t i s r ﬂo o d farming s e

lt u d ich t ﬂo o r

e s u a t u u n o u i n h d o h ad e d ee n work t

d t h t w h r p ﬂo o

y s e f a b m gri c d a a o n d o c t a ﬂo o t ik amag e as b a m t e l lo y rte o

h t du e g a wit h u d

ﬀ 100 % i n o S h s I s t

r n d ) ﬂo o d pa k i o d o p du e o t a d e

N e e

o e c e t l d te

e d P em p y d h s a s e d a r S d r we r e r tr i t d a t e t d R

d 576 w ci o ga g y o ( s tr o i s o o f e o c t k n s a o s 90 % y r b l d e w e n s ac u e e n al e du e cted d r e amag e v e ﬀ t e v amag e w o e e i s d as s cro p t st F o d

i m e a i n nd 23 , ﬀ e d l y c t s n e ss i n n r e n

e e a P o a r e r e e N , u su r tw e r t a a s e s s e e e l o e r e b e e n l a ﬀ m l cr op a we r l d l d s pu la tio n e i b

f we w w r e p p

r e s o o u s o co tt o e e e

s pu la tio n a m

o o l l e lly w e h h o p m f r

e s lt u b e o s s p p h e e h lo s t a e 1

0 u o o s s u CO o o t p p ck t s ro g c o a o u t u R e e o c r s e e h P a t t o d o t o r e lag e h h c gri c 20 1 n s 20 1 i l t h t t h h e

UP A f f f f w a rte l a k a ct a ee i ﬁca n

e rt p por t S o o o o o e , n s e

t a o p s A u o Su

p H as b o T r e Si g ﬂo od s ac r 109,700 20,218 a 20,218 28 li v 2011 5 h ﬂo od s 2011 a l ai n C 10 % 274,293 p 274,293 778,000 p 778,000 60 % 1,359 v 1,359 55 % r e h h 117,879 we r 42 % h u r O

/ R oo d l F

2010), R 2010), : (

2010), U N t 11 f

c ( -

ta n

A ri o s n t n 46

e i C H e ak i

m r Di s t O r trict 1 2010 P s ic e , work 1 e i s t u

p u - r wit h y l i n f s U N A d d n g 2.25 % n A e e o c u d w C H h p i ti n g a

r O ia t Sh ik a r t ee 2010 s f t (2010 ) r a i n c s o 2010) , g N n o e o

i n ( i n

n a d y s A U N r e n g cr o

a e n e ss o i v t d d i n pu r w g e a r

a o

t d w e trict i n ess m e s Su r n n s i r e ka r a s o i 2011) , a n - Fl oo d

s o e l e h a ( e d A r pu la tio n li n e tt

s p n sta n u m i s e o P r e f o d o o H h p a s we e c o o 891,033 h

pu la tio n i ti d t f i a ti : S ﬁ le : B s s v p o h c ck i i e e 1 , o t u e a p i n l i p s c ti m i s h t o R e S Damag e r s t Pr o r t r e h v e n o p f e

i u o t a c ss a g c o f L oo d com e u st e p ct a e l E r p

i n - f l li v n Cr o e o a F C l o i n i d i o i m I m h ti s t a ik c e d o o s u l a r a p i S n 33 h 110,000 ac r 110,000 2010 252,356 ac r 252,356 56 % T f 7.69 % S h t h B u

i R s oo d S l * y

l a 46 **** M ** F **** * ** * n

A d oo h eli v i L k oc t s e v i L nd a e r u t l u c i r g A t o c e S Gap

DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT 30

2.2.4 Analysis of Food Security Situation As established in the previous section, district Shikarpur is a food insecure district of Pakistan. Floods of 2010 and 2011 worsened the existing situation of the people. Thus the indicators of food security, availability, access, utilization and stability showed dismal situation in this district. Food availability became critical as 58% of households completely lost their stock of wheat flour and bread, 32% lost all pulses they had stored and cooking oil, ghee and butter was fully lost by 38% of the households. The immediate effects of the floods resulted in the loss of cereals as most of the most of the households did not have food stocks or that their stocks would last no more than one week. The lack of food stocks was the result of significant losses households have incurred due to the floods. Due to the floods, many flood affected households had shifted their consumption to less preferred foods and borrowing was practiced by more than one third of households across the district. Skipping meals is widely practiced and the sale of farm animals was slightly high. Floods, particularly of 2010, had grave impact on livelihoods, a majority of households lived below the poverty line, 52 % lived below the poverty line and 24 percent above the poverty line. The low income levels further exacerbated by higher than normal food prices, leaving many households unable to purchase the amount of food they needed. The share of household expenditures on food increased from 61.8% to 65% of more than 50% of the population47. Hence the short term effects of floods 2010 made the most of the population highly food insecure. But with the help of government and humanitarian partners’ assistance, in the form of wheat seeds, pesticides, food grains etc., the economic activity revitalized in the district in the last year. Also the extent of damage of floods 2011 was not much severe compared to the floods 2010. So the people started coming out of the poverty trap. Nonetheless, stability/sustainability of is still worrisome in this district so it is still a food insecure district.

2.2.5 Health No damage occurred to district and taluka headquarters hospitals in 2010 and floods but during 2010 floods many of the health facilities were partially damaged and destroyed. According to MacRAM 2010 approximately 50% of nursing mothers report at the household level that they have reduced breast feeding and around 15% have stopped breast feeding since the floods. Women report that they do not have sufficient privacy to breast feed. Around 10% of mothers with young children reported having to reduce the complementary food given. Specialized nutrition interventions were seldom reported by households. Community groups reported that they were most likely to access health care from a hospital or a health center. Fever, skin disease and diarrhea were the most common health concerns in the communities.

As on January 2011, 13 health facilities were rehabilitated and refurbished by World Health Organization (WHO), International Rescue Committee (IRC) government line departments.

47 Multi Cluster Rapid Humanitarian Need Assessment (2010), UNOCHA

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 31

During ﬂoods 2011, out of total 35 basic health units (BHUs) 9 BUUs were damaged. Out of 7 rural health centres (RHCs) 1 RHC were damaged. Moreover each health facility requires 1-2 hours walking distance to be accessed.

During ﬂoods 2012, BHU Wazirabad is completely inundated with 2-4 feet standing water. 6 casualties and one injury has been reported so far.

2.2.6 Education No considerable damage was reported to education sector during floods 2011. During floods 2012 in UC Zerkhail, village, villages Qazi Pati, Qalbali Wandh, Jangi Khan Brohi, Bego Brohi, Paaro Jafri, Mirani village and Umed Ali Brohi. In village Qalbali ji wandh between 40-50 houses have collapsed. The IDPs have taken shelter in a school building. The village is flooded with about two feet of water.

HAZARD, VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 32

3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis 3.1 Hazard Hazard simply means danger or risk. The synonyms used for hazards are jeopardy, venture, peril or chance. A hazard is the situation which triggers disaster. But it can be also deﬁned as: “Hazard is a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation 48“. Thus, hazard is a situation that has the potential to harm the health and safety of a people or damage their property, plants and equipment etc. Hazards can be divided into two categories.

3.1.1 Natural hazard There are natural processes or phenomena within the earth system that may constitute a damaging event. Example typhoons, tsunamis, earthquake and volcanic eruption cyclones, earthquakes, ﬂoods, landslides, storms are natural hazards.

3.1.2 Man-made hazard Any industrial, nuclear, or transportation accident, explosion, power failure, resource shortage, or other condition, resulting from man-made causes, which threaten or cause damage to property, human suﬀering, hardship or loss of life are termed as Man-Made hazard. Hazard matrix49 Area a ected/union Hazard Frequency Severity/Force Year councils (2012,2011,2010 Floods Monsoon Entire district High 2005,2003) Seasonal 2003,2010, Heavy rains Whole district High /monsoon 2011 Earthquake --- Entire district Low 2001 Epidemics Seasonal Entire district Low Every year Transport accidents Often Entire district Low Every year Environmental Through out Entire district Low Every year degradation

48 The “Urban Governance and Community Resilience Guides” (ADPC, 2010) 49 Sindh Contingency Plan 2012

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 33

3.2 Vulnerability Vulnerability here means the state of being at risk of or being exposed to hazards. It also refers to the inability to withstand the eﬀects of a hostile environment. “The attributes and circumstances of a community or system that makes it sensitive, vulnerable or susceptible to the damaging eﬀects of a hazard50”. Vulnerability precedes disasters, contribute to their severity, hinder and obstruct the disaster response. Vulnerability is divided into three types, as follows.

3.2.1 Physical/material vulnerability: Weakness of the built environment and lack of access to physical and material resources i.e living in hazard prone areas or in unsafe buildings, lack of savings, insurance and assets.

3.2.2 Social/organizational vulnerability: Inequality in social systems that discriminate against and marginalize certain groups of people from accessing resources and services constitutes social/organizational vulnerability. People who have been marginalized in social, economic or political terms are vulnerable to disasters. Weakness in social and organizational areas may also cause disasters e.g. deep division can lead to conﬂict and war. Conﬂict of resources due to poverty can also lead to violence.

3.2.3 Attitudinal/motivational vulnerability: Existence of fatalistic myths and religious beliefs influence people’s vulnerability to disaster risks. If people believe that disasters are ‘acts of God’ and if they have low confidence in their ability to affect change or have ‘lost heart’ and feel defeated by events they cannot control, these people are often harder hit by disasters. Vulnerability matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Population is the major issue of the district. Rapid SHIKARPUR is prone to various kinds population growth in the of natural hazards especially to the Conservatism of some of district is out of control which floods. River Indus which flows on the groups in the is leading to many socio- the district North East side has communities tries to avoid economic problems in the inundated and hit hard SHIKARPUR in good positive change and society increasing crime rates, 2010 floods. The 2012 floods were foreign aid. urbanization problems in causes due to heavy monsoon rains cities, jobs scarcity, mismanagement etc. Developmental projects lack According to the statistics In spite of the NGOs mainstreaming of DRR measures. figured out in 1998, about awareness efforts most of

50 Participant’s Course workbook (ADPC )

HAZARD, VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 34

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Non availability of disaster resilient 76% of the district population the local communities are structures and low standard material lived in rural areas lacking still unawareness of their used in the construction has basic facilities of life like risks and natural hazards increased the structural vulnerability. education and health etc.2 like ﬂood. Clashes among the tribes are The patriarchal system is common in Shikarpur district. prevailed in the most of the Early warning system mechanism of Many innocent people have tribes and rural areas which the district is not eﬃcient. Modern been killed in bilateral clashes is limiting women rights. technology is required to install for of Maher and Jatoi tribes. Still Sometimes females are better anticipation of the disasters. issues have not been settled exposed to domestic between these tribes 5 violence Some local leaders of vulnerable communities

misguide the local NGOs and try to inﬂuence them. The district has an extreme climate. The literacy rate of Shikarpur Maximum temperature in summer is not impressive though goes up to 42C. May, June and July number of primary schools are the hottest months while and colleges are there but still temperature in winter comes down the quality of education to 90C. (minimum temp)2 system is not up to the mark. SHIKARPUR is an historical district People are lacking having much old building sustainable livelihood which architecture. Such buildings are further increases their prone to natural disasters like vulnerability against disasters. earthquakes and ﬂoods. The Sindh Canal 6 and Begari Canal between Shikarpur and Jacobabad districts, which developed a breach

during ﬂoods 2010, inundated most area of the district and damaged crops and buildings.4 Encroachments and settlements near river belt is making people vulnerable to flood hazard.

3.3 Capacity Capacity is contrasted to vulnerability. Ability to perform or produce is capacity. Capacities are resources, means and strengths, which exist in households and communities and which enable them to cope with, withstand, prepare for, prevent, mitigate or quickly recover from a disaster.

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 35

The combination of all the strengths attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals make up its capacity51.

3.3.1 Physical/material c apacity: In most disasters, people suﬀer their greatest losses in the physical and material realm. Access to physical/material things or objects count as physical capacity. Few examples of physical and material capacity are cash, food, land, properties and tools.

3.3.2 Social /organizational capacity: However, even when everything physical is destroyed, people still have their skills, experiences and knowledge; they have family and social networks. They have leaders and systems for making decisions. They also have local, collective ‘wisdom’ reﬂected in their cultural practices that help them reduce or cope with disaster risks.

3.3.3 Attitudinal/motivational capacity: People also have positive attitudes and strong motivations such as the will to survive and willingness to help each other. Capacity matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Many schools, colleges, DDMA Shikarpur is a capacity mosques and health centres of the district. It implements known as critical Skills and knowledge of the the DRR policies and infrastructures are available old age people is real capacity coordinates with other in the district which can be of the local area. stakeholders in routine and helpful both in routine and extreme circumstances. extreme circumstances District government District contingency plan is departments are assigned the real asset of the district their roles and responsibilities There is a great change felt in because it contains all the in the contingency plan of the the attitudes of both stakeholder’s contact district. They have already government oﬃcials and numbers, ﬂood camps, health prepared and organized community by the formation facilities and Data of the mobile teams of their of DMAs. available resources.3 respective departments like health and livestock SHIKARPUR acquired All local NGOs and INGOs and Wish/will to survive and

51 Participant’s Course workbook (ADPC )

HAZARD, VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 36

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational

economic importance aid agencies provide technical sense of independ ence has because of its strategic and financial support to the given strength to the location on the map of Sindh, vulnerable and hard hit community people. The being directly accessible to communities. villagers don’t love to be those who come from Central dependent on others. and West Asia through the Bolan Pass. As most of the population Police and Pak Army with lives in rural areas so majority their limited resources help of the people are connected Volunteers and the disaster hit communities. to agricultural sector and are philanthropists from all over Police try to evacuate people producing crops like the districts provide financial to safer places and maintain sugarcane, wheat, rice and and physical support to the law and order situation while cotton. local population in times of Army helps in search & rescue There are two main crop emergency. and first aid assistance. (Army seasons; Kharif" and "Rabi" in Doctors) SHIKARPUR District. Disaster Management Some of the humanitarian Agricultural land of the district Committees (DMCs) are organizations are running irrigated by Canals. awareness sessions is mostly formed at the union council in the However, other modes of land vulnerable communities levels which are in contact irrigation like pumps and tube regarding DRR and DRM. They with DDMA Shikarpur and wells are also available. are also doing advocacy for other stakeholders. 3 them on different platforms. Urban Drainage Schemes are Trainings have been good enough in District The local media augments the conducted in disaster prone Shikarpur and all urban voices of the vulnerable UCs to train the local localities are covered with segments of local population. community on rst aid and drainage, sewerage or open search and rescue. pacca drain systems. Forests keep environment clean, stop soil erosion and Technical and educated meet domestic energy The traditional joint family people from the vulnerable requirements. In Shikarpur system is found in the rural communities are invited for District, the forest area is areas of the district. Joint risk assessment process. They spread over 24.0 thousand family system provides social do their assessment at local hectares which is 2.1% of the security in the society. level. total area under forest in

Sindh in the year 1997-98. 2 The district has diﬀerent Union council’s sectaries are manufacturing units like helpful because they keep textile, beverage, rice and oil data and information of the

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 37

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational mills. There is an industrial whole union council. estate established in Shikarpur district which is located in District Headquarters Shikarpur. Religious organizations and madrasa’s students do The district has national and provide their services in times provincial highways network of emergency and facilitate search and rescue activities. . SHIKARPUR was known as “OLD Paris” because of its modern buildings of that time and still some of those buildings exist in the district.1 Pickles and sweets of the district are famous. Besides these metal goods, carpets, cotton cloth, and embroidery are also part of their trade and collecting revenue and income by exporting them to other districts

District Shikarpur Flood Hazard Analysis September, 2012

Legend

District Boundary

Taluka Boundary

Jacobabad Union Councils Boundary

Railway Line Kashmore Roads Settlements

C! Distance from River (5 Kilometer) Mian Sahib C! C! C! Flood Hazard Zone

C! Health Facilities COORDINATION ANDSUPPORTSERVICESANNEXURES !C Jagan C! Hamayun C! BASIC HEALTH UNIT C! !C C! C! Pir Bux DISPENSARY Jahanwah Rahimabad !C Shujrah C! HOSPITAL Zarkhel C! !< Shikarpur C! MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTRE Garhi !C RURAL HEALTH CENTRE C! Tegho ! Ghari Khanpur A SUB HEALTH CENTRE Dhako C! Sultan A! TB CLINIC Kot C! C! C! Thanhrio Shabira Lodra C! Abad Bhambhir C! C! C! Karan C! Mehmooda C! !C! Bagh Nim CC! Jano Rustam ! Map Doc Name: C! C iMMAP_Shikarpur_Flood Hazard Analysis_MapA4L_v1_01 C! Taib

Gilgit Baltistan KPK Afghanistan Disputed Territory Azad Kashmir Fata

Punjab Pakistan Larkana Balochistan About 152 villages and more than half of health facility centres India are lying within the flood hazard zone. Whole of district is Iran Sindh Khairpur exposed to flood hazard except some south western and central parts of the district; which are relatively less Arabian Sea prone to flood hazard. Map Locator 38 DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 39

4 Coordination and Support Services 4.1 Important Contacts

4.1.1 Departmental Focal Points Focal Point Contact Number Source EDO Health 0761-920022 www.sindhhealth.gov.pk/ EDO Agriculture 0791 - 515095 http://allahdingroup.com/tel_dir.php EDO Education 0726-920060-3 www.rsu-sindh.gov.pk/Link/telehphones.html DPO Shikarpur 0726-920100, 920200-1 Sindh Contingency Plan

4.1.2 List of Taluka Nazims with Address Taluka Name Address Shikarpur Zafar Ali Shaikh Pir Nabi Shah Muhalla Shikarpur Garhi Yasin Mr. Najaf Ali Khan Soomra Muhalla Madeji Town Lakhi Ghulam Shah Muhammad Imran Village Shaﬁ Muhammad Mangi Khanpur Mehdi Hassan Khan Jatoi Village Sardar Khadim Hussain Khan Jatoi , Taluka Khanpur. Source: Election Commission of Pakistan

4.1.3 List of NGOs Working in Shikarpur Name Contact Al-MSWA Shikarpur 0306-3646257 Azad SWA Shikarpur 0300-3181146 CRC Shikarpur 0301-3420456 DIN Shikarpur 0333-7289826 Shikarpur Historical Society 0333-2680895 Al- Madina Social Welfare Association 0331-3100355 Azad Social Welfare Association 0333-7124816 Human Social Development Organization 0344-397 9774 Sindhri Development welfare Organization 0302-2888781 Rustam Social Welfare Association 0306-3650948 Sindh Seengar Social Welfare Association 0333-7168458 Sartiyoon Social Welfare Organization 0301-3406577, 0726-602378 Marvi Women Welfare Association 0333-7273873 Mehran Village Development And Social Welfare Association 0301-3889951 Village Social Welfare Association Arain 0331-3672245 Source: SPO and Pakistan Centre for Development Communication

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES ANNEXURES 40

4.2 Health Facilities List of health facilities are provided by WHO

4.2.1 List of BHUs Sr # Name TALUKA UC 1 MIRZAPUR Garhi Yasin Amrote 2 AMROTE SHARIF Garhi Yasin Amrote 3 KABALO Garhi Yasin Bhambhir 4 DAKHAN Garhi Yasin Dakhan 5 ALI KHAN Garhi Yasin Dakhan 6 MAROO KAKEPOTA Garhi Yasin Garhi Yasin 7 CHATTO MANGI Garhi Yasin Jindo Dero 8 GAHEJA Garhi Yasin Mirzapur 9 DODO DETHO Garhi Yasin Naushahro Abro 10 NIM Garhi Yasin Nim 11 ALLAHABAD Garhi Yasin Shhato Mangi 12 NABI SHAH WAGAN Garhi Yasin Waryaso 13 GARHI TEGO Khanpur Garhi Tegho 14 GARHI BUDHAL Khanpur Ghari Dhako 15 HAJI KHAN KALHORO Khanpur Shabira Abad 16 RUSTAM Khanpur Thanhrio 17 TARAI Khanpur Zarkhel 18 ABDU Lakhi Bhirkan 19 NIMORO Lakhi Bhirkan 20 JHALIKALWARI Lakhi Lakhi 21 RUK Lakhi Lakhi 22 ESSO TANWARI Lakhi Rustam 23 BADO Lakhi Sehwani 24 TAIB GOTH Lakhi Taib 25 DHANI BUX MALIK Lakhi Taib 26 WAZIRABAD Lakhi Wazirabad 27 JAMRA Lakhi Wazirabad 28 DEPUTY JO BUNGLOW Shikarpur Hamayun 29 HAMAYOON Shikarpur Hamayun 30 JAGGAN Shikarpur Jagan 31 ADAM KHAN Shikarpur Jagan 32 JEHAN KHAN Shikarpur Jahanwah 33 SHERAN PUR Shikarpur Jahanwah 34 DARWESH KAKEPOTA Shikarpur Jano 35 HAJI KHAWASTI Shikarpur Lodra

DISTRICT SHIKARPUR 41

4.2.2 List of RHCs Sr # Name TALUKA UC 1 GARHI YASIN Garhi Yasin Nim 2 KHANPUR Khanpur Ghari Dhako 3 MIAN JO GOTH Khanpur Mian Sahib 4 RAHIMABAD Khanpur Rahimabad 5 NADIRABAD Khanpur Shabira Abad 6 CHAK Lakhi Sehwani 7 SULTAN KOT Shikarpur Hamayun

4.2.3 List of Dispensaries Sr # Name TALUKA UC 1 JINDO Garhi Yasin Jindo Dero 2 AAYO Garhi Yasin Mirzapur 3 SARDARPUR Khanpur Garhi Tegho 4 SHIKARPUR Khanpur Ghari Dhako 5 QADIR Khanpur Rahimabad 6 CHODIO Lakhi Abdoo 7 BUDH Lakhi Bhirkan 8 MOHAMMAD Lakhi Chak 9 BHIRKAN Lakhi Chak 10 BORRIRI Lakhi Rustam 11 POLICE Shikarpur Jano 12 NEW Shikarpur Lodra 13 MOHD. Shikarpur Lodra

4.2.4 List of Hospitals Sr # Name TALUKA UC 1 GOVT. Garhi Yasin Jindo Dero 2 TALUKA Lakhi Abdoo 3 RBUT Shikarpur Jano 4 WOMEN Shikarpur Jano 5 HIRANAND Shikarpur Jano

4.2.5 List of Maternal and Child Health Centres Sr # Name TALUKA UC 1 MIAN Khanpur Mian Sahib 2 BHIRKAN Lakhi Chak 3 SHIKARPUR Lakhi Ruk 4 ALIABAD Lakhi Rustam