Summary Report on Long-Term Bird Monitoring Efforts by the Klamath Bird Observatory in 2006

Summary Report on Long-term Bird Monitoring Efforts by the Klamath Bird Observatory in 2006

Robert I. Frey and John D. Alexander

2006 Report - Klamath Bird Observatory’s Long-term Bird Monitoring

Summary Report on Long-term Bird Monitoring Efforts by the Klamath Bird Observatory in 2006

by Robert I. Frey and John D. Alexander

Background

The Klamath Bird Observatory (KBO) continued its comprehensive, long-term bird monitoring program in the Klamath Bioregion of northern California and southern Oregon in 2006. The objectives of this program are to collect data that provide an index to species diversity and abundance in riparian and upland habitats, to evaluate the reproductive success and population health of Neotropical migratory and resident birds, to maintain a long-term monitoring effort for tracking landbird population trends, and to test methods for effectively monitoring special species. The Klamath Bioregion lies within the Partners In Flight (PIF) Pacific and Intermountain West Avifaunal Biomes. Our monitoring efforts are conducted within several habitat types for which PIF describe 45 focal species for which conservation and monitoring efforts should be targeted (Altman 1999, 2000, CalPIF 2002, RHJV 2004, Rich et al. 2004; Tables 1a-1c). KBO’s monitoring efforts are a major component of a regional program established in 1992 (Klamath Demographic Monitoring Network; Alexander et al. 2004).

As a part of this program, KBO has maintained a long-term effort to track population trends and demographics with constant effort mist-netting stations (CES), breeding bird census routes and extensive point count census routes throughout the Bioregion. This report provides a summary of 2006 CES, rapid ornithological inventory (ROI), special species monitoring, technical training, and banding-associated outreach efforts. These efforts were designed and completed in partnership with the US Forest Service Redwood Sciences Laboratory (RSL). The census efforts, except CES- associated area searches, are documented in a separate report (Stephens and Alexander 2006).

KBO continued development of its role as a support source for regional research and monitoring projects by providing technical assistance, training, and consultation to cooperating individuals, organizations, and agencies. Cooperators who contribute to KBO’s long-term monitoring effort include: Ashland Rotary; Ashland School District; Bureau of Land Management Lakeview and Medford Districts; Bureau of Reclamation; City of Ashland Parks; the Evergreen State College; Jackson County; Klamath County; MJ Murdock Charitable Trust; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Park Service Oregon Caves National Monument and Klamath Network; PacifiCorp; PRBO Conservation Science; Southern Oregon University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Non-game Landbird Program and Klamath Basin Refuge Complex; U.S. Forest Service Fremont - Winema , Klamath, Lassen, and Rogue River - Siskiyou National Forests; Wildlife Images; and private sector contributors to the Klamath Bird Observatory.

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In 2006 KBO continued to work with our partners to fulfill monitoring goals defined by the National PIF Inventory and Monitoring Working Group (Hussell and Ralph 1998, Rich et al. 2004) and Oregon-Washington (Altman 1999, 2000, Altman and Bart 2000) and California PIF (CalPIF 2002, RHJV 2004) recommendations. These accomplishments contribute toward our mission “… to advance bird and habitat conservation through science, education, and international, national, and local partnerships.” Although KBO’s long-term monitoring CES efforts consist of study sites in a variety of habitat-types at the landscape level, in this report we synthesize our efforts into two groups of distinct landscapes (i.e., Eastside Cascade Range, Klamath Basin, and Modoc Plateau and Westside Cascade and Klamath Ranges), from the overall totals, in the interest of a clearer presentation.

Overall Monitoring Summary

Constant-Effort Monitoring

KBO conducted integrated bird monitoring at 22 locations during 2006, primarily at 17 constant- effort stations (CES) in the Klamath Bioregion. Our protocol for conducting long-term monitoring using CES (Ralph et al. 2004) includes mist net arrays, banding, area search and point count censusing, vegetation surveys, and DNA/stable isotope sampling and is consistent with the recommendations of Partners In Flight (Hussell and Ralph 1998). The methods used are as described in Ralph et al. (1993) and are designed to provide distribution, abundance and demographic information. The CES efforts begin each year in May, at the onset of the landbird breeding season, and continue through October, inclusive of the fall migration. Our flagship CES at the Willow Wind Learning Center in Ashland, Oregon is operated throughout the year. Exact locations of the study sites have been recorded in KBO’s GIS database and the physical characteristics for each site were described using a location and vegetation releve’ survey method recommended by Ralph et al. (1993). In 2006 KBO, in partnership with RSL, established two new CES sites in the Lassen National Forest Hat Creek Ranger District. In late August, we assumed operation of the long-running CES at Ashland’s North Mountain Park. Written descriptions of all site localities are included (Table 2).

Combined totals from the 22 locations include 11,900 birds of 92 species, 6 subspecies, and one hybrid captured during 14,215.5 net hours (number of 12 m mist nets operated multiplied by time operated in hours). During 279 efforts, 545 area search censuses were completed with 939 person- days (Table 3). Point count censuses were also conducted at CES sites during the breeding season. During the census efforts, 156 species and 3 subspecies were detected. A total of 67 species were detected during censusing and not captured. The methods used gathered distribution, abundance, and/or demographic information for these species, including many identified by PIF in continental and regional habitat conservation plans as priority or focal species (Altman 1999, 2000, CalPIF 2002, RHJV 2004, Rich et al. 2004; Table 1a-c).

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CES Totals Highlights by Geographic Regions

Eastside Cascade Range, Klamath Basin, and Modoc Plateau

From 11 May through August (breeding season), all CES sites were scheduled operated once every 10 days. In September and October (migration season), all of the 11 eastern CES sites except the Rocky Point cabin (CABN) site were scheduled and operated once per week. The CABN site had an increased frequency of efforts operated on a three day schedule during fall migration. A total of 177 banding efforts were completed from 11 May through 31 October with 565 person days. A total of 8,219 birds were captured during 8,590.0 net hours and 334 area search censuses were conducted (Table 4). The Big Spring (BIGS) site was established near the conclusion of the breeding season and operated throughout the fall season. During the overall 2006 season at the 11 eastern sites, the Sevenmile Guardhouse Station (7MIL) site had the highest total captures (1,102 birds). The CABN, Burney Creek (BURN), and Odessa Marsh Campground (ODES) sites followed with 1,100, 892, and 842, respectively. Sites with the highest average species richness (average species captured per visit over the season) were 7MIL and ODES (both 16.2), BURN (15.2), and CABN (14.7) (Table 4).

During the breeding season, a total of 3,781 birds were captured during 4,896.4 net hours. A total of 171 area search censuses were completed during the 95 efforts with 338 person-days. The 7MIL site had the highest total captures (579), followed by the TOPS (540) and ODES (515) sites. The BURN site had the greatest average species richness (18.1), followed by 7MIL (17.1), and CABN (15.8) (Table 4).

During the fall migration season, a total of 4,438 birds were captured during 3,693.6 net hours. A total of 163 area search censuses were completed during the 78 efforts with 227 person-days. The Big Spring (BIGS) site, in its inaugural season, had the highest total captures (788) followed by the CABN site (741), scheduled for an increased frequency of efforts in the fall, and 7MIL site (523). The BIGS site’s astronomic capture rate of 4.70 captures per net hour should be noted. The ODES (17.0), BIGS (16.0), and 7MIL (15.3) sites had the greatest average species richness per visit in the fall (Table 4).

Westside Cascade and Klamath Ranges

From 11 May through August (breeding season), all six western CES sites were scheduled once per 10-day cycle beginning at graduated starts. The Willow Wind (WIWI) site is scheduled year-round once per week except as described below. The Quines Creek (QUIC) and Wildlife Images (WIIM) sites had an increased frequency of efforts scheduled for the fall migration season. Beginning the third week of August through the third week of October, the QUIC site was scheduled twice per week. Beginning the first week of September through October, the WIIM site was scheduled once per three-day cycle. All other sites were scheduled once per week beginning the first week of September through October for the fall. The North Mountain Park was operated once in May for an outreach demonstration and during the fall migration season only.

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During the overall 2006 season at the six western sites, a total of 3,259 birds were captured in 5,235.9 net hours. A total of 201 area search censuses were conducted during the 108 banding efforts with 292 person days (Table 4). The WIIM site, had the highest total captures (1,167 birds), followed by the WIWI (588) and Horse Creek Meadow (HCME; 519) sites. The WIIM site had the greatest average species richness (12.9 species captured per effort visit over the season), followed by the HCME (12.0) and QUIC (11.0) sites (Table 5).

During the breeding season, 1,388 birds were captured in 2,286.1 net hours. The WIIM site had the highest total captures (436), followed by the WIWI (299) and QUIC (287) sites. The WIIM (14.2), QUIC (12.5), and HCME (11.2) sites had the greatest average species richness (Table 5).

During the fall migration season, a total of 1,776 birds were captured during 2,782.7 net hours. The WIIM site, scheduled with an increased frequency, had the highest total captures (731), followed by the WIWI (289) and HCME (247) sites. The HCME (12.7), WIWI (11.8), and WIIM (11.6) sites had the greatest average species richness (Table 5). The WIWI site is operated year-round and provides KBO with valuable environmental education and public outreach opportunities. Year-round monitoring at this site also provides early and late arrival information for migratory species in southern Oregon’s Rogue Valley.

Rapid Ornithological Inventories and Public Demonstrations

In partnership, RSL and KBO have developed a rapid ornithological inventory (ROI) protocol which is designed to quickly and effectively collect abundance and demographic data of birds in a limited area in a limited amount of time (Ralph et al. 2004). The inventory involves two days of intensive mist netting and censusing at a site. In 2006 KBO conducted three ROIs in Oregon. The first was conducted 24-25 June in the Cascade – Siskiyou National Monument at the Box-O Ranch (BOXO; Tables 3 and 5). The second was conducted in partnership with PRBO Conservation Science biologists 28-29 July within the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge at Badger Camp (BADG; Tables 3 and 4). The third was conducted 31 August-1 September within Malheur National Antelope Refuge at Robinson Draw (ROBI; Tables 3 and 4).

As part of the PIF International Migratory Bird Day annual festivals at Ashland and Klamath Falls, KBO held public banding demonstrations 13 May. The Ashland demonstration was conducted at the City of Ashland Parks’ North Mountain Park (NOMO). The Klamath Falls event was conducted at the City of Klamath Falls’ Veteran’s Park (VET1). Both of these events were well attended (Dayer and Alexander 2007).

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Special Species Monitoring

In concordance with the recommendations of the National PIF Inventory and Monitoring Working Group, KBO has established special species monitoring programs for birds that are inadequately monitored by other programs or methods (Altman and Bart 2001, Shuford 1999). Our special species monitoring efforts are comprised of small owl capture and censusing throughout the Klamath Bioregion and Black Tern nesting colony surveys within the Klamath Basin.

Small Owl Monitoring

In an effort to develop an effective small owl monitoring method, RSL and KBO have conducted pilot mist netting and census with audio-lure. The target species of these efforts are Flammulated Owl, Western Screech-Owl, Northern Pygmy-Owl, and Northern Saw-whet Owl. Little is known about the distribution, population trends, demographic composition, and migration patterns of these birds in western North America. We have incorporated these efforts into the ongoing CES efforts in the Klamath Demographic Monitoring Network at appropriate stations since 2000.

The goal of our small owl monitoring program has been two-fold. First, we have sought to develop effective monitoring methods for this group of birds that are difficult to study; and secondly, to build upon the limited body of knowledge of small owls in the Pacific Northwest. The small owl capture and censusing methodology involves the use of audio-lure, that is, the broadcast of vocalization recordings of targeted species in proximity to mist nets and census point. A small array of mist nets is opened and 20-minute censuses are conducted while the audio-lure is broadcast.

In 2006 KBO continued to compare two types of audio-lure use. Previous efforts utilized an audio- lure recording of the four target species rotated in a repeating broadcast. This past field season, we alternated use of this combined-species recording with a single-target species recording broadcast, between site efforts. There were 10 netting efforts completed totaling 102.25 net hours.

Black Tern Nest Colony Surveys

In partnership, KBO and RSL have developed a Black Tern nest colony survey program in the Klamath Basin. Conducted since 1996, this monitoring effort involves visual surveys completed from shore, canoe, and boat. The surveys consist of count routes containing 6-12 points that are mapped using GIS. The visual surveys include determination of behavior indicative of nesting. During the tern surveys, all species observed are recorded.

During May through early July, 31 route surveys of 20 routes within seven Black Tern Monitoring areas on Agency and Upper Klamath lakes were completed. These surveys consisted of 267 survey point counts. Nesting behavior was identified or suspected in 18 routes in the following areas surveyed: confluence of Crystal Creek, Recreation Creek, and Wocus Cut; Eagle Point; northwest shore Upper Klamath Lake; Odessa Marsh; Pelican Bay; and Wood River Wetland (Table 6).

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Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Genetics and Stable Isotopes Project

Since 1999, KBO has contributed to the University of California, Los Angeles Center for Tropical Research’s (CTR) Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Genetics and Stable Isotopes Project. The CTR is investigating the genetic structure of migratory bird populations in order to connect breeding areas in North America with wintering areas in Latin America and the Caribbean. This field of research seeks to determine the factors responsible for population declines of Neotropical songbirds that migrate between the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, and North America. Using molecular genetic techniques (utilizing genetic material and stable isotopes obtained from a single feather from a bird), CTR researchers have been able to identify the breeding and wintering populations of songbirds. The CTR’s findings will provide conservation biologists with the means of correlating habitat changes with the declining populations. Demographic data contributed by KBO and other monitoring programs are integral to the CTR’s research efforts. In 2006, KBO collected and contributed over 3,100 feather samples to this project.

Avian Influenza Monitoring

In 2006 KBO contributed to international efforts to collect samples of avian influenza to identify transmission paths in North American migratory birds. Information derived from the samples will also be used to further the goal of developing custom vaccines against Influenza A. Avian viruses are present within a bird’s cloaca and are relatively simple to safely collect by swab insertion. The swab samples are stored in a preservative, labeled and shipped to the CTR for processing and analysis. These efforts are coordinated by the Institute for Bird Populations’ Monitoring Avian Productivity (MAPS) program and the Landbird Migration Monitoring Network of the Americas (LaMMNA). KBO met sampling goals set by the MAPS and LaMMNA efforts with 600 birds sampled.

Technical Training

Since the outset of its overall monitoring program, KBO has provided technical training in bird banding methods and bird conservation outreach and education opportunities at CES sites. KBO’s monitoring program has always been integrated with our bird banding internship program, providing specialized training in the latest and most effective bird monitoring techniques for students and biologists. In addition to this on-going instruction, KBO has provided intensive bird banding techniques training at these sites during monitoring efforts during the field season for professionals from academic and land management agencies.

In 2006, a total of 12 intern students, including three international students, received experiential instruction in advanced bird banding and survey techniques. The instruction is supplemented with study materials, published by the North American Banding Council, pertinent scientific literature, and regular seminars presented by KBO staff. Our international internship program is made possible through our partnerships with the Southern Oregon University International Studies Program. In 2006 KBO hosted three student interns from Colombia and Jamaica.

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As part of our long-standing partnerships with the BLM Medford and Lakeview Districts and the National Park Service Oregon Caves National Monument, agency biologists and volunteers were provided experiential training in banding techniques during monitoring efforts at CES sites. These training sessions totaled 18 person days.

A banding techniques workshop was presented by KBO biologists in conjunction with the Oregon – Washington Partners In Flight annual meeting in Olympia, Washington 28 March, attended by nine participants. The workshop included advanced ageing and sexing techniques, as well as an introduction to cloacal swab sampling (see Avian Influenza Monitoring above). At the 2006 Western Bird Banding Association (WBBA) meeting in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 14-17 September, KBO presented a workshop focusing on interpreting molt, molt limits, and plumages to age landbirds. KBO, in cooperation with RSL, also took part in the Visualizing Your Banding Data workshop hosted by the Landbird Migration Monitoring Network of the Americas at the WBBA meeting. KBO biologists assisted as instructors in an advanced banding techniques workshop presented by the Institute for Bird Populations at the La Mancha Coastal Research Center near Veracruz, Mexico 9-12 October. A KBO biologist was a lead instructor at an advanced banding techniques workshop presented by Fundacíon ProAves Colombia at Isla San Andres, Colombia 15-25 October.

Banding techniques workshops were presented in May and August for Klamath Demographic Monitoring Network cooperators and other regional researchers at KBO’s Upper Klamath Lake Field Station. Participants received instruction in advanced landbird ageing and sexing techniques, standard biometrics, mist net use and care, and general field safety principles.

Toward the fulfillment of the North American Banding Council (NABC) mission of promoting sound and ethical banding principles and techniques, KBO coordinated two individual NABC Bander and Bander Trainer Certification Evaluation sessions and, in partnership with our affiliate the Humboldt Bay Bird Observatory at Arcata, California, a group session. From these evaluations, seven of our interns were certified at the NABC Bander and/or Bander Trainer level.

Outreach and Education Integrated with Banding Efforts

The continuing monitoring efforts conducted by KBO have created many effective outreach and education opportunities that have reached hundreds of students (K-12 and college-level) as well as many community members and KBO-partner representatives. KBO’s overall education and outreach accomplishments are documented in a separate report (Dayer and Alexander 2007).

Bird banding provides a unique opportunity to educate the public and students in bird conservation principles. KBO’s Outreach Program worked in concordance with its long-term monitoring efforts in creating many such academic and public outreach opportunities in 2006. Overall, 809 people visited our banding sites during field trips and demonstrations at CES, ROI, and public parks. The Willow Wind site was especially active as an outdoor laboratory that is accessible and was scheduled for school and community group outreach efforts that include 598 K-12 students of area schools. In July, KBO biologists and interns hosted a group of 23 Mt. Hood Community College exchange biology students from several Central America countries at the ODES site.

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Conclusion

The Klamath Bird Observatory’s long-term bird monitoring program utilizes multiple methods, at a landscape level, to monitor bird populations during the breeding and fall migration seasons. Integral components of this monitoring program are technical training and outreach efforts. Our program includes lands that are managed by the US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, and others. We are collecting data on population trends, habitat relationships, and demographic parameters throughout the Klamath Bioregion in order to inform managers about important bird habitats and the effects of resource management practices on birds. Data resulting from these efforts are contributed to several databases including the USGS North American Bird Banding Laboratory, the Institute for Bird Populations’ MAPS program, the Klamath Demographic Monitoring Network, LaMMNA, CTR’s migratory bird genetics and avian influenza projects, and Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology’s Avian Knowledge Network.

In 2007, KBO will continue working with our partners to maintain this long-term monitoring program which fulfills monitoring objectives set forth by the National PIF Inventory and Monitoring Working Group (Hussell and Ralph 1998) and contributes toward accomplishment of our mission to advance bird and habitat conservation through science, education, and effective partnerships at the international, national, and local levels.

Literature Cited

Alexander, J.D., C.J. Ralph, K. Hollinger, and B. Hogoboom. 2004. Using a wide-scale landbird monitoring network to determine landbird distribution and productivity in the Klamath Bioregion. Pp. 33-41 in K.L. Mergenthaler, J.E. Williams, and E.S. Jules (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second Conference on Klamath - Siskiyou Ecology. Copies available from Klamath Bird Observatory, PO Box 758, Ashland, Oregon, 97520.

Altman, B. 1999. Conservation strategy for landbirds in coniferous forests of western of Oregon and Washington. Oregon - Washington Partners In Flight. Copies available from Klamath Bird Observatory, PO Box 758, Ashland, Oregon, 97520.

Altman, B. 2000. Conservation strategy for landbirds of the east-slope of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington. Oregon - Washington Partners In Flight. Copies available from Klamath Bird Observatory, PO Box 758, Ashland, Oregon, 97520.

Altman, B. and J. Bart. 2001. Special species monitoring and assessment in Oregon and Washington: Landbird species not adequately monitored by the Breeding Bird Survey. Oregon – Washington Partners In Flight. http://www.orwapif.org/pdf/special_monitoring.pdf

CalPIF (California Partners In Flight). 2002. Version 1.0. The draft coniferous forest bid conservation plan: a strategy for protecting and managing coniferous forest habitats and associated birds in California (J. Robinson and J. Alexander, lead authors).

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Dayer, A.A. and J.D. Alexander. 2007. Summary report on the Klamath Bird Observatory’s education and outreach program in 2006. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, Oregon.

Hussell, D.J.T. and C.J. Ralph. 1998. Recommended methods for monitoring bird populations by counting and capture of migrants. Partners In Flight Inventory and Monitoring Working Group. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/wildlife/birdmon/pif/migmon.shtml

Ralph, C.J., G.R. Geupel, P. Pyle, T.E. Martin, and D.F. DeSante. 1993. Handbook of field methods for monitoring landbirds. USDA Forest Service. Pacific Southwest Research Station, General Technical Report PSW-GTR-l44. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/topics/wildlife/birdmon/landbird/

Ralph, C.J., K.R. Hollinger and R.I. Frey. 2004. Redwood Sciences Laboratory and the Klamath Demographic Monitoring Network mist-netting station management procedures. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Arcata, California. Copies available from Klamath Bird Observatory, PO Box 758, Ashland, Oregon, 97520.

RHJV (Riparian Habitat Joint Venture). 2004. Version 2.0. The riparian bird conservation plan: a strategy for reversing the decline of riparian associated birds in California. California Partners In Flight. http://www.prbo.org/calpif/pdfs/riparian.v2.pdf.

Rich, T.D., C.J. Beardmore, H. Berlanga, P.J. Blancher, M.S.W. Bradstreet, G.S. Martell, Butcher, D.W. Demarest, E.H. Dunn, W.C. Hunter, E.E. Iñigo-Elias, J.A. Kennedy, A.M. Martell, A.O. Panjabi, D.N. Pashley, K.V. Rosenburg, C.M. Rustay, J.S. Wendt, T.C. Will. 2004. Partners in Flight North American landbird conservation plan. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York.

Shuford, W.D. 1999. Status assessment and conservation plan for the black tern (Chlidonias niger surinamensis) in North America. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, Colorado.

Stephens, J.L. and J.D. Alexander. 2006. Klamath Bird Observatory point count effort report: 2006 spring and fall effort summary. Klamath Bird Observatory, Ashland, Oregon.

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Table 1a . List of Focal Species included In Partners In Flight Landbird Conservation Plans for coniferous forests of western Oregon and Washington (Altman 1999) and east-slope of Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington (Altman 2000) for which the Klamath Bird Observatory gathers distribution, abundance, or demographic information at constant effort mist netting stations in southern Oregon and northern California.

White-headed Woodpecker Williamson's Sapsucker Flammulated Owl Olive-sided Flycatcher Pygmy Nuthatch Hermit Thrush Chipping Sparrow

Table 1b . List of Partners In Flight Watch List and Stewardship Species occurring in the Pacific (5) and Intermountain West (9) Avifaunal Biomes for which the Klamath Bird Observatory gathers distribution, abundance, or demographic information at constant effort mist netting stations in southern Oregon and northern California [*Watch List Species; **Stewardship Species] (Rich et al. 2004).

White-headed Woodpecker* Winter Wren** Red-breasted Sapsucker** Chestnut-backed Chickadee** Williamson's Sapsucker** Oak Titmouse* Flammulated Owl* Varied Thrush** Calliope Hummingbird* Wrentit* Rufous Hummingbird* Hermit Warbler* Pacific-slope (Western) Flycatcher** Black-throated Gray Warbler** Willow Flycatcher* Green-tailed Towhee** Dusky Flycatcher** Fox Sparrow** Gray Flycatcher** Golden-crowned Sparrow** Steller's Jay** Cassin's Finch** Western Scrub-Jay**

Table 1c . List of focal species from the Partners In Flight Riparian Bird Conservation Plan (RHJV 2004) and Draft Coniferous Forest Bird Conservation Plan (CalPIF 2002) for which the Bird Observatory gathers distribution, abundance, or demographic information at constant effort mist netting stations in the Modoc Bioregion of northern California [*Riparian plan; **Coniferous plan].

Spotted Sandpiper* Yellow Warbler* Pileated Woodpecker** Black-throated Gray Warbler ** Flamulated Owl** MacGillivray's Warbler** Olive-sided Flycatcher** Wilson's Warbler* Willow Flycatcher* Yellow-breasted Chat* Warbling Vireo* Western Tanager** Tree Swallow* Black-headed Grosbeak* Red-breasted Nuthatch** Song Sparrow* Brown Creeper** Fox Sparrow** Golden-crowned Kinglet** Dark-eyed (Oregon) Junco**

Table 2. List of 2006 Klamath Bird Observatory Constant-Effort Station (CES), Rapid Ornithological Inventory (ROI), and public demonstration (demo) sites by station code, ownership, and location [USFS = U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; BLM = U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management; USFWS = U.S. Department of Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; NPS = U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service .

Station Name Code Ownership Location Sevenmile Guardhouse Station CES 7MIL USFS Winema NF Sevenmile Creek, Winema NF, 6 miles W Fort Klamath, Klamath Co., Oregon Antelope Creek CES ANT1 USFS Klamath NF Antelope Creek, 7 miles SSW of Tennant, Siskiyou Co., California Badger Camp ROI BADG USFWS Sheldon NWR Badger Camp, Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon Big Spring CES BIGS USFS Lassen NF Confluence Big Spring & Hat Creek, 3.0 miles S of Old Station, Shasta Co, California Box-O Ranch ROI BOXO BLM Cascade-Siskiyou NM Box-O Ranch, Cascade-Siskiyou NM, 6.2 miles S of Lincoln, Jackson Co., Oregon Burney Creek CES BURN USFS Lassen NF Burney Creek, 29.0 miles NNW of Old Station, Shasta Co., California Rocky Point Cabin CES CABN USFWS Upper Klamath Lake NWR Rocky Point, Pelican Bay, 23.0 miles NW of Klamath Falls, Klamath Co., Oregon Gerber Reservoir CES GERB BLM Lakeview District Barnes Valley Creek, SE Gerber Resevoir, 15.5 miles S of Bly, Klamath Co., Oregon Horse Creek Meadow CES HCME USFS Siskiyou-Rogue River NF Horse Creek Meadow, 13.0 miles W of Merlin, Josephine Co., Oregon Johnson Creek CES JOHN BLM Ashland Resource Area Johnson Creek, 19.2 miles ENE of Ashland, Klamath Co., Oregon McClane Creek State Park demo MCCR Washington State Parks McClane Creek State Park, 10.3 miles W of Olympia, Washington North Mountan Park demo & CES NOMO City of Ashland Parks North Moutain Park, Ashland, Jackson Co., Oregon Odessa Marsh Campground CES ODES USFS Winema NF Odessa Marsh Campground, 19.6 miles NW of Klamath Falls, Klamath Co., Oregon Oregon Caves CES ORCA NPS Oregon Caves NM Oregon Caves NM, 14.0 miles SE of Cave Junction, Josephine Co., Oregon Quines Creek CES QUIC BLM Medford District Quines Creek, 15 miles SSE of Canyonville, Douglas Co., Oregon Robinson Draw ROI ROBI USFWS Malhuer NWR Robinson Draw, Malheur National Antelope Refuge, Oregon Frain Ranch Campground CES TOPS BLM Lakeview District Topsy Grade at Frain Ranch Campground, 10.2 miles NW of Dorris, CA, Klamath Co., Oregon Veteran's Park demo VET1 City of Klamath Falls Parks Veteran's Park, north shore Lake Ewauna, Klamath Falls, Klamath Co., Oregon Wildlife Images CES WIIM BLM Medford District Wildlife Images, 3.5 miles SW of Merlin, Josephine Co., Oregon Williamson River Campground CES WILL USFS Winema NF Williamson River, 5.5 miles NNE of Chiloquin, Klamath Co., Oregon Willow Wind Learning Center CES WIWI Ashland School District Willow Wind Learning Center, Ashland, Jackson Co., Oregon Wood River Wetland CES WOOD BLM Lakeview District East shore Agency Lake, 3.3 miles W of Chiloquin, Klamath Co., Oregon

2006 Report - Klamath Bird Observatory’s Long-term Bird Monitoring

Table 3. 2006 effort summary of 22 constant-effort monitoring stations (CES), rapid ornithological inventory (ROI), and public demonstration stations by site (all-season). [STATION (BLM = Bureau of Land Management, ACP = Ashland City Parks Dept., ASD = Ashland School District, KFP = City of Klamath Falls Parks Dept., USFS = US Forest Service, USFWS = US Fish and Wildlife Service, WSP = Washington State Parks); EFFORTS = number of visits to each site; RECAP, NEW, UNBANDED and TOTAL = number of previously banded birds, newly banded birds, birds released without being banded, and total number of birds captured respectively; AVERAGE SPECIES RICHNESS = average number of species captured each day; CENSUS = number of area search censuses conducted; NET HOURS = number of 12 m nets operated x time operated in hours; PERSON DAYS = number of person days spent; AVERAGE DAILY CAPTURES = average total captures per day; AVERAGE DAILY RECAPS = average recaptures per day; CAPTURES PER NET HOUR = average of total captures per net hour]. Totals for MCCR and WIWI stations include efforts outside the breeding and fall migration seasons.

All-Season effort by Station AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE CAPTURES STATION SPECIES NET PERSON DAILY DAILY PER CODE STATION EFFORTS RECAP NEW UNBANDED TOTAL RICHNESS CENSUS HOURS DAYS CAPTURES RECAPTURES NET HOUR 7MIL Sevenmile Guard Station CES (USFS) 16 134 933 35 1,102 16.2 28 904.0 60 68.9 8.4 1.2 ANT1 Antelope Creek CES (USFS) 12 53 376 29 458 13.8 24 563.8 35 38.2 4.4 0.8 BADG Badger Camp ROI (USFWS) 3 5 321 4 330 13.0 16 96.4 18 110.0 1.7 3.4 BIGS Big Spring CES (USFS) 7 16 841 34 891 20.0 20 207.5 24 127.3 2.3 4.3 BOXO Box-O Ranch ROI (BLM) 15 96 528 47 671 12.4 34 167.2 12 44.7 6.4 4.0 BURN Burney Creek CES (USFS) 16 63 791 38 892 15.2 31 779.2 52 55.8 3.9 1.1 CABN Rocky Point Cabin CES (USFWS) 29 118 942 40 1,100 14.7 54 1,478.7 113 37.9 4.1 0.7 GERB Gerber Reservoir CES (BLM) 15 57 392 28 477 10.8 26 712.3 39 31.8 3.8 0.7 HCME Horse Creek Meadow CES (USFS) 10 56 256 12 324 15.3 15 392.0 40 32.4 5.6 0.8 JOHN Johnson Creek CES (BLM) 15 55 399 22 476 12.0 26 873.1 43 31.7 3.7 0.5 MCCR McClane Creek SP demonstration (WSP) 1 0 11 1 12 5.0 0 15.0 2 12.0 0.0 0.8 NOMO North Mountain Park demo & CES (ACP) 9 35 121 8 164 10.5 14 425.3 16 18.2 3.9 0.4 ODES Odessa Campground CES (USFS) 16 97 704 41 842 16.2 27 707.8 51 52.6 6.1 1.2 ORCA Oregon Caves National Monument CES (NPS) 15 30 213 25 268 11.7 31 746.9 38 17.9 2.0 0.4 QUIC Quines Creek CES (BLM) 24 126 398 29 553 17.1 42 1,107.5 58 23.0 5.3 0.5 ROBI Robinson Draw CES (USFWS) 3 12 85 6 103 11.0 13 94.3 45 34.3 4.0 1.1 TOPS Frain Ranch Campground CES (BLM) 16 137 635 32 804 13.6 32 744.8 68 50.3 8.6 1.1 VET1 Veteran's Park demonstration (KFP) 1 2 20 0 22 6.0 0 16.7 5 22.0 2.0 1.3 WIIM Wildlife Images CES (BLM) 10 33 459 23 515 18.1 19 1,502.9 76 51.5 3.3 0.3 WILL Williamson River Campground CES (USFS) 15 96 528 47 671 12.4 34 834.0 37 44.7 6.4 0.8 WIWI Willow Wind CES (ASD) 15 60 642 17 719 13.1 27 1,061.4 64 47.9 4.0 0.7 WOOD Wood River Wetland CES (BLM) 16 118 363 25 506 9.8 32 785.0 43 31.6 7.4 0.6 TOTAL 279 1,399 9,958 543 11,900 545 14,215.5 939

13 2006 Report - Klamath Bird Observatory’s Long-term Bird Monitoring

Table 4. 2006 effort summary at 11 Eastside Cascade, Klamath Basin, and Modoc Plateau constant-effort monitoring stations (CES), two Rapid Ornithological Inventory (ROI), and public demonstration (demo) and by all-season, breeding season, and fall migration season. [STATION (BLM = Bureau of Land Management, KFP = City of Klamath Falls Parks Dept., USFS = US Forest Service, USFWS = US Fish and Wildlife Service, ); EFFORTS = number of visits to each site; RECAP, NEW, UNBANDED and TOTAL = number of previously banded birds, newly banded birds, birds released without being banded, and total number of birds captured respectively; AVERAGE SPECIES RICHNESS = average number of species captured each day; CENSUS = number of area search censuses conducted; NET HOURS = number of 12 m nets operated x time operated in hours; PERSON DAYS = number of person days spent; AVERAGE DAILY CAPTURES = average total captures per day; AVERAGE DAILY RECAPS = average recaptures per day; CAPTURES PER NET HOUR = average of total captures per net hour].

Breeding Season effort by Station AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE CAPTURES STATION SPECIES NET PERSON DAILY DAILY PER CODE STATION EFFORTS RECAP NEW UNBANDED TOTAL RICHNESS CENSUS HOURS DAYS CAPTURES RECAPTURES NET HOUR 7MIL 7-Mile Guard Station (USFS) 10 110 440 29 579 17.1 16 582.6 39 57.90 11.00 0.99 ANT1 Antelope Creek (USFS) 6 38 172 23 233 14.8 12 293.4 20 38.83 6.33 0.79 BADG Badger Camp (BLM) 3 5 321 4 330 13.0 16 96.4 18 110.00 1.67 3.42 BIGS Big Spring (USFS) 1 0 95 8 103 24.0 4 40.0 6 103.00 0.00 2.58 BURN Burney Creek (USFS) 10 33 459 23 515 18.1 19 495.6 37 51.50 3.30 1.04 CABN Rocky Point Cabin (USFWS) 10 48 299 12 359 15.8 18 544.1 53 35.90 4.80 0.66 GERB Gerber Reservoir (BLM) 9 36 149 11 196 10.9 15 450.0 27 21.78 4.00 0.44 JOHN Johnson Creek (BLM) 9 44 186 12 242 11.1 15 539.7 31 26.89 4.89 0.45 ODES Odessa Campground (USFS) 10 56 256 12 324 15.3 15 457.8 35 32.40 5.60 0.71 TOPS Frain Ranch Campground (BLM) 10 108 405 27 540 13.7 16 474.9 34 54.00 10.80 1.14 VET1 Veteran's Park (KFP) 1 2 20 0 22 6.0 0 16.7 5 22.00 2.00 1.32 WILL Williamson River Campground (USFS) 10 64 198 18 280 11.3 22 537.7 26 28.00 6.40 0.52 WOOD Wood River Wetland (BLM) 10 108 283 19 410 11.7 19 480.8 30 41.00 10.80 0.85 TOTAL 99 652 3,283 198 4,133 187 5,009.5 361

Fall Migration Season effort by Station AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE CAPTURES STATION SPECIES NET PERSON DAILY DAILY PER CODE STATION EFFORTS RECAP NEW UNBANDED TOTAL RICHNESS CENSUS HOURS DAYS CAPTURES RECAPTURES NET HOUR 7MIL 7-Mile Guard Station (USFS) 6 24 493 6 523 15.3 12 321.4 21 87.17 4.00 1.63 ANT1 Antelope Creek (USFS) 6 15 204 6 225 12.7 12 270.4 15 37.50 2.50 0.83 BIGS Big Spring (USFS) 6 16 746 26 788 16.0 16 167.5 18 131.33 2.67 4.70 BURN Burney Creek (USFS) 6 30 332 15 377 12.2 12 283.7 15 62.83 5.00 1.33 CABN Rocky Point Cabin (USFWS) 19 70 643 28 741 13.5 36 934.6 60 39.00 3.68 0.79 GERB Gerber Reservoir (BLM) 6 21 243 17 281 10.7 11 262.3 12 46.83 3.50 1.07 JOHN Johnson Creek (BLM) 6 11 213 10 234 12.8 11 333.4 12 39.00 1.83 0.70 ODES Odessa Campground (USFS) 6 41 448 29 518 17.0 12 250.0 16 86.33 6.83 2.07 ROBI Robinson Draw (USFWS) 3 12 85 6 103 11.0 13 94.3 45 34.33 4.00 1.09 TOPS Frain Ranch Campground (BLM) 6 29 230 5 264 13.5 16 269.8 34 44.00 4.83 0.98 WILL Williamson River Campground (USFS) 5 32 330 29 391 13.5 12 296.3 11 78.20 6.40 1.32 WOOD Wood River Wetland (BLM) 6 10 80 6 96 7.8 13 304.2 13 16.00 1.67 0.32 TOTAL 81 311 4,047 183 4,541 176 3,787.9 272 14 2006 Report - Klamath Bird Observatory’s Long-term Bird Monitoring

Table 5. 2006 effort summary at six Westside Cascade and Klamath Ranges constant effort monitoring (CES) and one Rapid Ornithological Inventory (ROI) sites by all-season, breeding season, and fall migration season. [STATION (ASD = Ashland School District, BLM = Bureau of Land Management, NPS = National Park Service, USFS = US Forest Service); EFFORTS = number of visits to each site; RECAP, NEW, UNBANDED and TOTAL = number of previously banded birds, newly banded birds, birds released without being banded, and total number of birds captured respectively; AVERAGE SPECIES RICHNESS = average number of species captured each day; CENSUS = number of area search censuses conducted; NET HOURS = number of 12 m nets operated x time operated in hours; PERSON DAYS = number of person days spent; AVERAGE DAILY CAPTURES = average total captures per day; AVERAGE DAILY RECAPS = average recaptures per day; CAPTURES PER NET HOUR = average total captures per hour].

All-Season effort by Station AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE CAPTURES STATION SPECIES NET PERSON DAILY DAILY PER CODE STATION EFFORTS RECAP NEW UNBANDED TOTAL RICHNESS CENSUS HOURS DAYS CAPTURES RECAPTURES NET HOUR BOXO Box-O Ranch ROI (BLM) 3 14 77 4 95 10.7 7 167.2 12 31.7 4.7 0.57 HCME Horse Creek Meadow CES (USFS) 16 55 432 32 519 12.0 30 392.0 40 32.4 3.4 0.75 NOMO North Mountain Park demo & CES (ACP) 9 35 121 8 164 10.5 14 425.3 16 18.2 3.9 0.42 ORCA Oregon Caves CES (NPS) 15 30 213 25 268 7.5 31 746.9 38 17.9 2.0 0.42 QUIC Quines Creek CES (BLM) 24 126 398 29 553 11.0 42 1,107.5 58 23.0 5.3 0.65 WIIM Wildlife Images CES (BLM) 27 250 859 58 1,167 12.9 50 1,502.9 76 43.2 9.3 0.74 WIWI Willow Wind CES (ASD) 20 87 455 46 588 10.4 34 1,061.4 64 29.4 4.4 0.23 TOTAL 111 597 2,555 202 3,354 208 5,403.1 304

Breeding Season effort by Station AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE CAPTURES STATION SPECIES NET PERSON DAILY DAILY PER CODE STATION EFFORTS RECAP NEW UNBANDED TOTAL RICHNESS CENSUS HOURS DAYS CAPTURES RECAPTURES NET HOUR BOXO Box-O Ranch ROI (BLM) 3 14 77 4 95 10.7 7 167.2 12 31.7 4.7 0.57 HCME Horse Creek Meadow CES (USFS) 10 29 221 22 272 11.2 18 241.6 28 27.2 2.9 1.13 NOMO North Mountain Park demo (ACP) 1 4 18 1 23 11.0 1 47.0 3 23.0 4.0 0.49 ORCA Oregon Caves CES (NPS) 9 21 123 22 166 8.1 18 448.0 26 18.4 2.3 0.37 QUIC Quines Creek CES (BLM) 11 72 197 18 287 12.5 18 532.9 35 26.1 6.5 0.54 WIIM Wildlife Images CES (BLM) 10 79 329 28 436 14.2 16 545.4 37 43.6 7.9 0.80 WIWI Willow Wind CES (ASD) 12 49 223 27 299 9.0 18 638.4 44 24.9 4.1 0.47 TOTAL 53 254 1,111 118 1,483 89 2,453.3 173

Fall Migration Season effort by Station AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE CAPTURES STATION SPECIES NET PERSON DAILY DAILY PER CODE STATION EFFORTS RECAP NEW UNBANDED TOTAL RICHNESS CENSUS HOURS DAYS CAPTURES RECAPTURES NET HOUR HCME Horse Creek Meadow CES (USFS) 6 26 211 10 247 12.7 12 150.4 12 41.2 4.3 1.64 NOMO North Mountain Park CES (ACP) 8 31 103 7 141 10.0 13 378.3 13 17.6 3.9 0.37 ORCA Oregon Caves CES (NPS) 6 9 90 3 102 6.8 13 298.9 12 17.0 1.5 0.34 QUIC Quines Creek CES (BLM) 13 54 201 11 266 9.4 24 574.6 23 20.5 4.2 0.46 WIIM Wildlife Images CES (BLM) 17 171 530 30 731 11.6 34 957.5 39 43.0 10.1 0.76 WIWI Willow Wind CES (ASD) 8 38 232 19 289 11.8 16 422.9 20 36.1 4.8 0.68 TOTAL 58 329 1,367 80 1,776 112 2,782.7 119

Table 6. 2006 Black Tern nest colony survey effort summary by area. [Visit = number of visits; Survey Routes = number survey routes followed using the revised protocol; Maximum Count = maximum count of Black Terns encountered on a survey route; Breeding = the determined status of at least one breeding colony (Y = active , N = not active, P = possibly active), Notes = and the behavior observations used to determine breeding colony status (NF = nest found, NB = nesting Behavior, D = diving, V = vocalizing, J = juvenile, O = other)]

Count Total Maximum Breeding Observation Area / Route Visits Stations Counts Count Status Note Northwest edge of Upper Klamath Lake EAUK 1 8 8 4 NB V SEUK 1 7 7 4 NB D UKCS 2 11 13 10 NB V

Pelican Bay PBPC 2 10 20 6 NB V PECU 2 8 16 2 NB V RCRS 2 10 20 4 NB D RPCU 1 7 7 20 P F

Eagle Point EAGL 2 11 16 26 P F

Odessa Marsh ODCR 1 11 11 4 Y V ODMA 2 11 22 20 NB V ODSP 1 6 6 7 NB V

Recreation Creek RCRW 2 12 24 5 NB V RCRN 2 9 18 30 Y V CRCM 1 10 10 26 NB V

Wocus Cut UKCM 1 8 8 5 Y V UKCN 2 6 12 19 NB V WOCN 1 7 7 2 NB D WOCS 3 7 21 9 NB D HKNO 1 6 6 2 Y V

Wood River Wetland WORI 1 15 15 3 NB D TOTAL 31 180 267