Upper Vellar (Vasistanadhi) Sub Basin Under Iamwarm Project
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DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR REHABILITATION AND MODERNISATION OF UPPER VELLAR (VASISTANADHI) SUB BASIN UNDER IAMWARM PROJECT INTRODUCTION: Government of Tamilnadu have resolved to renovate the Irrigation systems in Tamilnadu by rehabilitating and modernizing the irrigation systems. This endeavor is for the benefit of farming community and the rural masses. So, the Government decided to take up this project with World Bank assistance as an integrated program with the ac tive involvement and participation of 9 line departments under the co-ordination of Water Resources Organization. This World Bank assisted program is named as Integrated Agricultural Modernisation and Water Resources Management (IAMWARM) project. This IAMW ARM project covers all the river basins in the state except Cauvery basin. Among the 48 sub basins, 9 basins are selected for implementation of this IAMWARM project in the first year of the project period. The WRO Sarabanga Basin Division, Namakkal is ent rusted with the task of preparing the estimates pertaining to the Upper Vellar (Vasistanadhi) sub basin as a Nodal officer with the following line Department. 1. Agricultural Engineering Department 2. Agriculture Department 3. Agriculture Marketing and Ag ribusiness 4. Animal Husbandry Department 5. Tamil Nadu Agriculture University (TNAU) 6. Horticulture Department 7. Fisheries Department 8. Forest Department 9. Environmental Cell Vellar basin comprises the sub basins of Vasistanadhi, Swedhanadhi, Gomuki and Perambalur Minor Basin. This Vellar is having 6 Tributaries. They are 1.Vasistanadhi,2.Swedhanadhi,3.Kallar 4.Chinnar, 5.Manimukthanadhi, 7.Gomuki. The total length of the river is 150km. SUB BASIN: Vasistanadhi is one of the sub basins in Vellar B asin. This Vasistanadhi sub basin comprises the parts of Attur, Salem, Rasipuram and Uthangarai revenue taluks in Salem district, Veppanthattai, Kunnam taluks in Perambalur district and Viruthachalam, Thittakudi taluks in Cuddalore district. Vasistanadhi originates from southern slopes of Kalvarayan hills on the northern boundary of Attur taluk of Salem district. The initial stretch which is flowing up to the confluence point of Kariakoil is called as Ammapalayam or Anaimaduvu River and beyond that it is ca lled as Tumbal River. Another small tributary which is called as Periyar River, originates in Vellagoundan Village of Salem District. Periyar and Tumbal River confluence at Periyakrishnapuram village in Attur taluk, below which it is called as Vasistanadhi Vasistanadhi joins with Swedha River at 4km west of Chennai -Dindigul NH 45 near Peraiyur in Perambalur taluk. Beyond this confluence point, the river is called as Vellar River. Vellar River runs for a distance of 73 km in Perambalur, Cuddalore districts and then in falls into Bay of Bengal at Pat nova near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district. The total length of Vasista River from the point of origin Kalvarayan hills to the point of confluence of Vasista with Swedha is 76.70 km. The total area of Vasista river sub basin is 1772Sq.Km. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUB BASIN: GENERAL: The Vellar river basin is located in the Northern part of Tamil Nadu State in South India, between the latitudes 11° 13'N - 12 00' N and longitude 78° 13'E - 79° 47 E. This basin is in be tween Ponnaiar, Paravanar and Cauvery 2 river basins. The total area of the basin is 7520.87Sq.Km. The total length of the river is about 150km. The terrain lying in the Kalrayan hills, Attur Taluk of Salem District is drained by river upper velar, Vasis ta Nadhi known as Upper Vellar joined with to form the Vellar in the Perambalur Taluk of Permabalur District. UPPER VELLAR SUB-BASIN The river Vellar is having 6 tributaries. They are 1.Anaimaduvu 2.Swethanadhi 3.Kallar 4.Chinnar 5.Manimukthanadhi 6.Go mukhi. A portion of Dharmapuri, Salem, Namakkal, Perambalur, Trichy, Villupuram and Cuddalore districts are covered in Vellar river basin. Manimukthanadhi, which is the major tributary, also originates from Kalrayan hills in Villupuram district, traverses about 111 km and joins Vellar near Srimushnam in Chidambararm taluk of Cuddalore District. Upper Vellar drains the water from the southern slopes of the Kalrayan hills On the northern boundary of Attur Taluk of Salem district. It originates at an altitude of 1266m about mean sea level. At its starting point, it is known as Anaimaduvu River and flows southwards for 23km and then south -east wards. One reservoir constructed across Anaimaduvu River is called Anaimaduvu reservoir. Just three kilometers below this point another tributary known as Thumbal River, formed by two drainages viz., Karyakoil river and Ammapalayam river flowing southwards from Kottaipatti pass on the Kalrayan hills, joins on the left flank. Another stream called Periyar ori ginating in Jalluthu Reserve forest 'just 8km east of Salem taluk joins this stream. As Periyar River approaches Salem - Attur road it bends eastwards and receives on the south, the Singipuram River. Vasistanadi then flows towards southeast for about 26km along with boundary between Attur and Perambalur Taluk of Perambalur district on the one aide and Vridhachalam taluk of Cuddalore district on the other. Near Peraiyur in the Perambalur taluk, it is joined by Swetanadhi 4km to the west of 3 the Chennai - Trichy National Highway near Tholudur in Cuddalore district. In the reach between the confluence points of Singipuram and Swetanadhi with Vasistanadhi, the tributaries Kallar and Saval Odai join the main rive: on the left flank and Chittar, Koraiyar, Manjani Odai and Ellar Odai on the flank join the Vasistanadhi. The drainage area up to the confluence with the Swetanadhi is 1772 Sq km. An area of l0572.00 hectares is irrigated through 70 tanks and 79 anicuts. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS GENERAL The cultivated are of Tamil Nadu is being served with surface irrigation and other area being rain fed with irrigation through wells and the remaining as rain fed. Rainfall is the main input for the agriculture. Rainfall is received during the two monsoon periods namely southwest and northeast. High intensity of rainfall during monsoon periods brings heavy floods in the rivers and causes damages to crops and loss of lives affecting the economy of the state. On the other hand, failure of monsoon also causes crop l oss which affects livelihood of cattle and human population The details of the rainfall over the basin area as well as other hydro meteorological features are very important for water resources analysis. The basic factors, which influence agriculture, are climatologically features such as rainfall, temperature»humidity, wind speed, sunshine and evaporation. The study now made on the hydro meter® logical characteristics of the Vellar river basin includes analysis of rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind sp eed and sunshine. The study of the rainfall pattern, its distribution in time and space its variability and probability of occurrence is highly useful for water resources planning and also for management of the resources. 4 RAINFALL RAINGAUGE STATIONS There are 24 non-recording rain gauge stations in the basin. Various agencies are maintaining these rain gauge stations, and the number of rain gauge stations maintained by each agency is listed below. RAINGAGUE STATIONS MAINTAINED IN THE BASIN SI .No. Name of the Agency Numbers 1. Public Works Department - WRO 18 2. Revenue Department 5 3. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University 1 Total 24 MONSOON AND NON-MONSOON PERIODS Vellar river basin lies in the tropical monsoon zone. Based on the hydrometer logical feature of the basin. One year is divided into 2 periods (i.e.) 1) Monsoon period from June to December and 2) Non -Monsoon period from January to May. The monsoon period is further sub -divided into Southwest monsoon period from June to S eptember (4months) and Northeast monsoon period from October to December (3 months) similarly, the non -monsoon period is further sub-divided into winter period between January and February (2 Months) and summer period from March to May (3 months). As the monsoon:; bring heavy rainfall, it improves the recharging of groundwater as well as storage of surface water. Hence, the monsoon period is hydrologically significant for water resources analysis. But in the case of non-monsoon, it is insignificant. MAXIMUM MINIMUM AND AVERAGE RAINFALL The following rainfall stations are considered for analysis in this Sub basin. The weighted annual average rainfall works out 847.5mm. The details are furnished in the following table 5 S.\N Rain gauge stations 25% 50% 75% 90% Average o 1. Attur 948 741 605 511 817 2. Kallakurichi 1130 910 739 602 969 3. Rasipuram 1184 837 618 548 895 4. Tholudur 1331 1067 773 637 1072 The maximum, minimum and average annual rainfall and season wise rainfall i.e. southwest, northeast , winter for 25% , 50% , 75% and 90% dependability’s for various rain gauge stations have been analyzed. The sub basin wise influencing rain gauge stations, area of influence of each rain gauge station, the annual average rainfall and the annual average weighted rainfall from each sub basin are given in the following table. The climatologically values of this river basin are given in the following table. The following rainfall stations are considered for analysis in this Sub basin. The weighted annual average rainfall works out 847.5mm. The details are furnished in the following table INFLUENCING RAINGAUGE STATIONS OF UPPER VE1JLAR SUB BASIN Annual average Rain Annual weighted S. Sub basin Rain gauge gauge Sub basin Weight in Average rainfall No. Station Sub basin Area % rainfall in for the Area mm sub basin in mm Vasista Attur 1415.92 0.80 817 (or) 1. Upper Vellar Kallakurichi 0.07 177424 0.01 969 847.5 Rasipuram 197.96 0.11 895 Tholudur 160.2 0.08 1072 6 TEMPERATURE The meteorological features of the basin have been studied from the data collected from above weather stations.