Committee Environment & Community

Agenda: Community & Environment Committee

Date: Monday 27 July 2015

Time: 6.00pm

Agenda

Outline of Meeting Protocol & Procedure:  The Chairperson will call the Meeting to order and ask the Committee/Staff to present apologies or late correspondence.  The Chairperson will commence the Order of Business as shown in the Index to the Agenda.  At the beginning of each item the Chairperson will ask whether a member(s) of the public wish to address the Committee.  If person(s) wish to address the Committee, they are allowed four (4) minutes in which to do so. Please direct comments to the issues at hand.  If there are persons representing both sides of a matter (eg applicant/objector), the person(s) against the recommendation speak first.  At the conclusion of the allotted four (4) minutes, the speaker resumes his/her seat and takes no further part in the debate unless specifically called to do so by the Chairperson.  If there is more than one (1) person wishing to address the Committee from the same side of the debate, the Chairperson will request that where possible a spokesperson be nominated to represent the parties.  The Chairperson has the discretion whether to continue to accept speakers from the floor.  After considering any submissions the Committee will debate the matter (if necessary), and arrive at a recommendation (R items which proceed to Full Council) or a resolution (D items for which the Committee has delegated authority).

Recommendation only to the Full Council:  Such matters as are specified in Section 377 of the Local Government Act and within the ambit of the Committee considerations.  Matters which involve broad strategic or policy initiatives within responsibilities of Committee.  Matters requiring the expenditure of moneys and in respect of which no Council vote has been made.  Matters delegated to the Council by the Roads and Maritime Services.  Matters not within the specified functions of the Committee,  Matters reserved by individual Councillors in accordance with any Council policy on "safeguards" and substantive changes.  Parks and Reserves Plans of Management (Strategies, Policies and Objectives).  Residential Parking Schemes - Provision and Policies.

Delegated Authority:  Community Services and Programs.  Library Services  Health.  Licensing.  Liquor Licences.  Regulatory.  Fire Protection Orders.  Residential Parking Schemes (surveillance and administration).  Traffic Management (Woollahra Local Traffic Committee Recommendations).  Waste Minimisation.  To require such investigations, reports or actions as considered necessary in respect of matters contained within the Business Agendas (and as may be limited by specific Council resolution).  Confirmation of the Minutes of its Meetings.  Any other matter falling within the responsibility of the Community & Environment Committee and not restricted by the Local Government Act or required to be a Recommendation to Full Council as listed above.  Statutory reviews of Council's Delivery Program and Operational Plan.

Committee Membership: 7 Councillors

Quorum: The quorum for a Committee meeting is 4 Councillors.

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Woollahra Municipal Council

Notice of Meeting

22 July 2015

To: Her Worship the Mayor, Councillor Toni Zeltzer ex-officio Councillors Anthony Marano (Chair) Peter Cavanagh Greg Levenston Andrew Petrie Matthew Robertson Susan Wynne (Deputy Chair)

Dear Councillors

Community & Environment Committee – 27 July 2015

In accordance with the provisions of the Local Government Act 1993, I request your attendance at Council’s Community & Environment Committee meeting to be held in the Council Chambers, 536 New South Head Road, Double Bay, on Monday 27 July 2015 at 6.00pm.

Gary James General Manager

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Meeting Agenda Item Subject Page 1. Leave of Absence and Apologies 2. Late Correspondence 3. Declarations of Interest

Items to be Decided by this Committee using its Delegated Authority

D1 Confirmation of Minutes of Meeting held on 13 July 2015 - 15/99047 ...... 1

D2 Minutes of the Animal Advisory Committee Meeting of 20 May 2015 (CY1- 02) - 15/94028 ...... 3

D3 Ecological Sustainability Taskforce Meeting - 15/97801 ...... 7

Items to be Submitted to the Council for Decision with Recommendations from this Committee

R1 Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee - Minutes of Meeting 3 June 2015 - 15/89928 ...... 17

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Item No: D1 Delegated to Committee CONFIRMATION OF MINUTES OF MEETING HELD ON 13 Subject: JULY 2015 Author: Sue O’Connor File No: 15/99047 Reason for Report: The Minutes of the Community & Environment Committee of 13 July 2015 were previously circulated. In accordance with the guidelines for Committees’ operations it is now necessary that those Minutes be formally taken as read and confirmed.

Recommendation:

That the Minutes of the Community & Environment Committee Meeting of 13 July 2015 be taken as read and confirmed.

Item No. D1 Page 1

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Item No: D2 Delegated to Committee MINUTES OF THE ANIMAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETING Subject: OF 20 MAY 2015 (CY1-02) Author: Colin DeCosta, Coordinator Regulatory Services Approver: Tim Tuxford, Manager - Compliance File No: 15/94028 Reason for Report: To submit the minutes of the Animal Advisory Committee meeting of 20 May 2015 in accordance with the adopted ‘Terms of Reference’.

Recommendation:

THAT the minutes of the Animal Advisory Committee meeting of Wednesday 20 May 2015 be received and noted.

Report

The Animal Advisory Committee (AAC) was formed in 1997 to coincide with the introduction of the Companion Animals Act 1998, which commenced operations on 1 September 1998.

The current ‘Terms of Reference’ were adopted by Council on 10 December 2012 and amended by Council on 27 April 2015. The ‘Terms of Reference’ state that the purpose of the AAC is;

“To serve as an advisory body to Council to assist with the development of policies, programmes, services and plans for companion animals. The AAC shall not operate in a regulatory or authoritative capacity.”

The ‘Terms of Reference’ further state that;

“The AAC is an advisory committee only and has no delegated authority. The AAC will report to the Community and Environment Committee as required.”

The current members of the AAC were appointed by the Mayor on 4 March 2013. Councillor Ted Bennett is the appointed Chairperson.

As specified by the ‘Terms of Reference’, the AAC will hold meetings as required or called by the Chairperson when Council has a statutory obligation to consult on significant animal management issues, where advice or professional information is needed by Council or where Council identifies there is a need. In addition, as a minimum, meetings will be held twice a year in April and October. The minutes of the AAC meeting held on 20 May 2015 are attached for the information of the Committee.

While the attached minutes will not be adopted by the AAC until their next meeting, the minutes have been circulated to the members and corrections made where requested and appropriate.

Annexures

1. Minutes of the Animal Advisory Committee - 20 May 2015

Item No. D2 Page 3 Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Annexure 1 Minutes of the Animal Advisory Committee - 20 May 2015 Page 4

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Annexure 1 Minutes of the Animal Advisory Committee - 20 May 2015 Page 5

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Item No: D3 Delegated to Committee Subject: ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY TASKFORCE MEETING Author: Christopher Munro, Environment & Sustainability Team Leader Approver: Paul Fraser, Manager - Open Space & Trees File No: 15/97801 Reason for Report: To report Ecological Sustainability Taskforce meeting minutes.

Recommendation:

That Council note the minutes of the 17th and 18th Ecological Sustainable Taskforce Meetings.

1. Background:

On 23 March 2009 Council resolved to establish an Ecological Sustainability Task Force reporting to the Community & Environment Committee.

The role of the Task Force is to review and recommend Council strategy in relation to sustainability initiatives and policies in the areas of: A. Water B. Energy C. Public Transport D. Waste Management E. Carbon reduction.

Membership of the Ecological Taskforce includes 5 Councillors, the Chair and staff as appointed by the Mayor.

Toni Zeltzer Mayor Anthony Marano Chair, Councillor Greg Levenston Deputy Mayor, Councillor Matthew Robertson Councillor Katherine O’Regan Councillor James Keulemans Councillor Tom O’Hanlon Director Technical Services Paul Fraser Manager Open Space and Trees Chris Munro Team Leader Environment & Sustainability

Meeting Minutes

The minutes of the Sustainability Task Force meetings held on 26th November 2014 and 18th June 2015 have been attached to this report as Annexure 1 and 2.

The minutes from the November 2014 Ecological Taskforce Force meeting were proposed to go to the Community & Environment Committee in early 2015 after being checked by the Sustainability Task Force.

Item No. D3 Page 7 Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

However, due to lack of numbers we did not have an Ecological Taskforce Force meeting during the first quarter of 2015 so the minutes were delayed until the next meeting which was held in June 2015.

Annexures

1. MINUTES Ecological Sustainability Taskforce Meeting 18 (18Jun15)

2. MINUTES Ecological Sustainability Taskforce Meeting 17 (26Nov14)

3. Letter to Clr Zeltzer (Mayor Sally Betts) - 3 Council Regional Environmental Program - Regional Targets (18May2015)

Item No. D3 Page 8 Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Annexure 1 MINUTES Ecological Sustainability Taskforce Meeting 18 Page 9 (18Jun15)

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Annexure 1 MINUTES Ecological Sustainability Taskforce Meeting 18 Page 10 (18Jun15)

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Annexure 2 MINUTES Ecological Sustainability Taskforce Meeting 17 Page 11 (26Nov14)

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Annexure 2 MINUTES Ecological Sustainability Taskforce Meeting 17 Page 12 (26Nov14)

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Annexure 2 MINUTES Ecological Sustainability Taskforce Meeting 17 Page 13 (26Nov14)

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Our ref: A13/0130

22 July 2015

Mayor Toni Zeltzer Woollahra Council PO Box 61 Double Bay NSW 1360

Dear Mayor

3 Council Regional Environment Program – Setting Regional Targets

Thank you for your ongoing support of the Regional Environment Program since it transitioned from Randwick to Waverley Council hosting in December 2013. As you know from your direct involvement in the Future Cities Collaborative, creating great places involves looking at how we use our energy, water and waste in our town centres and neighbourhoods. I think there is a real opportunity for our Councils to show leadership in this area by adopting community- wide water, waste, and greenhouse gas reduction targets for the Eastern Suburbs. In the past, we have focused only on our own corporate operations - which is only about 1% of total water usage or greenhouse gas emissions of our region. How we influence the other 99% and drive greater sustainability outcomes for our residents and businesses requires a regional approach. There already are some great examples of your leadership in this field in working to re-ignite Double Bay and the new start-of-the-art Woollahra Library building and rejuvenated Kiaora Lane, which I look forward to seeing. Setting regional targets would help us drive more of these projects across our LGAs and offer great support to new environmental innovations like sustainable buildings, electric vehicles and solar. It would also help us to attract innovative high-tech businesses and jobs to our town centres and change the way our residents think about, and use, energy and water. Working together on regional community targets would demonstrate that we can be proactive and collaborative and put us in a good position to apply for and obtain State and Federal Government grants for any new sustainability initiatives. In our most recent Council meeting, Waverley Council endorsed a Mayoral Minute in support of the Regional Strategy and to investigate setting community-wide water, waste, and greenhouse gas reductions targets.

Annexure 3 Letter to Clr Zeltzer (Mayor Sally Betts) - 3 Council Regional Page 14 Environmental Program - Regional Targets (18May2015)

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

As I understand, the 3 Councils are planning to host an event for Councillors and senior managers in which the new Minister for Environment, Mark Speakman will attend. The event will showcase these new regional targets and new potential projects for our region. I have attached a copy of the Mayoral Minute - Driving Greater Sustainability Outcomes across the Eastern Suburbs. I hope you can join me in driving changes across our region and achieving some great results. Yours sincerely,

Sally Betts Mayor of Waverley

Annexure 3 Letter to Clr Zeltzer (Mayor Sally Betts) - 3 Council Regional Page 15 Environmental Program - Regional Targets (18May2015)

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Item No: R1 Recommendation to Council WOOLLAHRA PLAQUES ADVISORY COMMITTEE - MINUTES Subject: OF MEETING 3 JUNE 2015

Author: Joan Ruthven, Library Community Programs Team Leader Approvers: Vicki Munro, Manager - Library & Information Services Kylie Walshe, Director - Community Services File No: 15/89928 Reason for Report: To table the minutes of the Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee meeting held on Wednesday 3 June 2015.

Recommendation:

A. THAT the minutes of the Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee meeting held on Wednesday 3 June 2015 be noted and endorsed.

B. THAT the recommendations of the Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee regarding the selection of nominations for the 2015 Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme be adopted – Margaret Olley, Herbert (Henry) Dally Messenger and Captain John Piper.

Background:

This report outlines the meeting held by the Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee (WPAC) on 3 June 2015 (see Annexure 1).

Key discussion points at the Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee (WPAC)

The key matters discussed at the meeting included:

 The selection of the following four nominations for the 2015 Woollahra Plaque Scheme: (see Annexure 2).

1. Margaret Olley– Artist and benefactor. Australia’s most prized interior and still life painter (Australian Women’s Register) Preferred wording for plaque: Margaret Olley AC 1923-2011 Artist and benefactor lived here.

2. Herbert Henry (Dally) Messenger – Sportsman Sporting great of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Preferred wording for plaque: Herbert Henry (Dally) Messenger 1883-1959 Sportsman lived here.

Item No. R1 Page 17 Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

3. Captain John Piper– Military officer, public servant and land holder Preferred wording for plaque: Captain John Piper 1773-1851 Military officer and public servant lived in HenriettaVilla (demolished) on the Point Piper estate.

4. Nikolai Nikolaevich de Micklouho-Maclay – Scientist and explorer. He made a significant contribution to the body of western scientific knowledge through his study and documentation of the natural world. Preferred wording for plaque: Nikolai Nikolaevich de Micklouho-Maclay, 1846-1888 Scientist and explorer lived and worked here

It was noted that some information had been traced concerning one of the nominees Nikolai Nikolaevich de Micklouho-Maclay that might, if proven, exclude him from eligibility. It was agreed that more research should be undertaken to substantiate the claims made in relation to that nominee.

Launch date:

At the meeting, the unveiling schedule of the Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme for 2015 was discussed and recommended by Committee members that it be staged over the ensuing 12 month period concluding by June 2016.

Conclusion:

The Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee had a successful meeting in shortlisting nominations. The next date for the Committee meeting is Wednesday 6pm, 18 November 2015 which will shortlist the community nominations for the 2016 Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme.

Annexures

1. Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee Minutes - 3 June 2015

2. Nominated Plaque recipients for 2015 - Biographies

Item No. R1 Page 18 Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee Minutes

Woollahra Council Chambers, Wednesday 3 June 2015 at 6pm

All correspondence to: Joan Ruthven Community Programs Team Leader PO Box 61 Double Bay NSW 1360

Phone: 02 9391 7135 Fax: 02 9391 7044 Email: [email protected]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chair – Councillor Anthony Marano

1. PRESENT & APOLOGIES

2. MATTERS ARISING FROM PREVIOUS MINUTES

3. SELECTION OF FOUR SUCCESSFUL NOMINATIONS FOR PLAQUES

4. DETERMINE PLAQUE LAUNCH DATES OVER THE COMING NEXT 12 MONTHS FOR SUCCESSFUL NOMINATIONS

5. DISCUSSION ON NEXT STEPS  Inform all nominees of outcomes of applications  Advise Engineering services of all plaque inlays  Obtain quotes from Cuneen Signs for four plaques

6. LAUNCH OF PLAQUE FOR SIR JOHN HAY 22 JUNE 2015

7. DISCUSSION OF ATTENDANCE AT PLAQUES ADVISORY COMMITTEE

8. OTHER BUSINESS  New rollout dates for the next round of plaques for 2016

NEXT MEETING – WEDNESDAY 18 NOVEMBER AT 6PM, COUNCIL CHAMBERS – THORNTON ROOM

Annexure 1 Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee Minutes - 3 June 2015 Page 19

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee

Minutes

Minutes of the Meeting held on Wednesday 3 June 2014 at 6pm

1 Present & apologies Present: Councillor Anthony Marano (Chair) Councillor Peter Cavanagh Graham Humphrey Community Representative Camilla Strang Community Representative

Staff: Vicki Munro Manager, Library & Information Service Joan Ruthven Community Programs Team Leader Jane Britten Local Studies Librarian Absent: Councillor Luise Elsing; Di Brown, Christopher Dawson, James Dolton, Adrian Gruzman, Sophia Hart, Chris Howe.

2 Matters arising from previous minutes There were no matters arising from the previous minutes. It was moved by Councillor Cavanagh and seconded by Graham Humphrey to accept the minutes of the previous meeting.

3 Selection of successful nominations for plaques The four nominations were discussed by the Committee. The four selected nominations were: Margaret Olley, Herbert Henry (Dally) Messenger, Captain John Piper and Nikolai Nikolaevich de Micklouho-Maclay (see Annexure 2 for details of each nomination tabled at the Advisory Committee meeting). The Advisory Committee resolved that of the four plaque nominations recommended to Council for 2015, the first three listed below would proceed to implementation with the fourth subject to further research:

o Margaret Olley Site of plaque: Frontage of 48 Duxford Street, Paddington. Wording for plaque: Artist and benefactor lived here.

o Herbert Henry (Dally) Messenger Site of plaque: Frontage of 16 Transvaal Avenue, Double Bay. Wording for plaque: Sportsman, lived here.

o Captain John Piper Site of plaque: Frontage of the Rose Bay police station, New South Head Rd, Point Piper. Wording for plaque: Military officer and public servant lived in HenriettaVilla (demolished) on the Point Piper estate.

o Nikolai Nikolaevich de Micklouho-Maclay

Annexure 1 Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee Minutes - 3 June 2015 Page 20

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Site of plaque: Frontage of the Marine Biological Station, 31 Pacific Street, Camp Cove. Wording for plaque: Details to be finalised once the decision on the nomination has been resolved.

It was noted that some information had been traced concerning one of the nominees, Nikolai Nikolaevich de Micklouho-Maclay, that might, if proven, exclude him from eligibility. It was agreed that more research should be undertaken to substantiate the claims made in relation to that nominee. It was also suggested that the nomination might proceed if the wording on the plaque was confined to “scientist and explorer”.

The Advisory Committee also discussed the nomination of Margaret Olley and that this nomination called upon the Exceptional Circumstances provision in the selection criteria to be used, as Margaret Olley died in July 2011 which is less than the minimum period of ten years normally required before consideration is given for eligibility:

“Except where exceptional circumstances exist, a person must have been dead for ten years or have passed the centenary of their birth, whichever is the earlier, and have resided in the Woollahra Local Government area”. 536 New South Head Road, Double B The Advisory Committee agreed to uphold the selection of Margaret Olley on the grounds that she made exceptional contributions through:  Philanthropic support  Standard of her work  Support for young artists  Standing in the Arts community

Actions:  Local History staff to provide further information on Nikolai Nikolaevich de Micklouho-Maclay;  The information researched by the Local History staff in relation to the three selected nominations be placed on the Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme web pages; and  The Community Programs Team Leader to send letters to all nominees advising of the outcome of the selection for the Woollahra Plaque Scheme 2015.

4 Determine Plaque Launch dates over the coming 12 months for successful nominations At the meeting, the unveiling schedule of the 2015 Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme was discussed and recommendation made that it be staged over the ensuing 12 month period concluding in June 2016 as follows:  Captain John Piper Date of unveiling: Wednesday 10 February 2016, the date that the relevant land grant was formalised.  Herbert Henry (Dally) Messenger Date of unveiling: March 2016, a date to coincide with the official commencement of the NRL season.  Nikolai Nikolaevich de Micklouho-Maclay ( pending confirmation) Date of unveiling: Thursday 14 April 2016 – anniversary of the date of his death.  Margaret Olley Date of unveiling: Friday 24 June 2016 – anniversary of the date of her birth.

Annexure 1 Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee Minutes - 3 June 2015 Page 21

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

5 Discussion of next steps All nominees will be advised of the outcome of their applications and advice given to Engineering services concerning dates of unveiling for all possible plaque inlays. The Community Programs Team Leader will obtain quotes from Cunneen signs and raise orders prior to the end of the financial year.

6 Launch of Plaque for Sir John Hay 22 June 2015 Councillor Marano advised the Committee of arrangements for the unveiling of the plaque commemorating Sir John Hay. The unveiling ceremony will be held at 337 New South Head Rd on Monday 22 June at 10:30am-11:30am.

7 Discussion of attendance at Plaques Advisory Committee Attendance at meetings was raised as a concern among the Advisory Committee members. It was agreed that an absence of three consecutive meetings without explanation should warrant an approach to the member to determine if they wish to remain on the Advisory Committee.

Action:  James Dolton to be approached by the Community Programs Team Leader to see if he wishes to continue his involvement with the Advisory Committee.

8 Other Business Committee members were reminded of the new schedule for nominations and rollout of the next round of plaques for 2016 commencing from 1 September 2015 and closing 31 October 2015.

9 Next Meeting Wednesday 18 November at 6pm, Council Chambers – Thornton Room

The meeting closed at 7:15 pm.

Annexure 1 Woollahra Plaques Advisory Committee Minutes - 3 June 2015 Page 22

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Annexure 2 Biographies of short listed nominations

Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme: Margaret Olley AC

Any concerns: Outside the 10 year criteria

Identification of exceptional circumstances:

1. Name of the person, or historical event, you are proposing for a plaque: Margaret Olley AC

2. Birth and death dates of the person: 24 June 1923-26 July 2011

3. Reasons why the nominated person, or historical event, deserves a plaque: Margaret Olley was one of Australia’s most generous benefactors. From the late 1980s she began donating works of art to the Art Gallery of New South Wales and in 1990 she established the Margaret Hannah Olley Art Trust to acquire paintings for public collections. In recognition of her bequests the NSW Art Gallery named The Margaret Olley Twentieth Century European Galleries in 2001.

She bequeathed 1 million dollars to the Tweed Regional Gallery and the Margaret Olley Art Centre was opened on 15 March 2014. The Centre ‘celebrates the career, life and legacy of its namesake, Margaret Olley – Australia’s most celebrated painter of still life and interiors’. Fundamental to the Centre is the recreation of three rooms of Olley’s home studio at 48 Duxford Street – the hat factory, yellow room and green kitchen.

One of Australia’s most loved and prolific artists, Margaret Olley painted landscapes, particularly in her early years, but primarily she painted works of still life and interiors. She has been described as an icon and a national treasure. The Australian Women’s Register notes that “Margaret Olley is known as one of Australia's most prized interior and still life painters”. Examples of her work are held at the major galleries and numerous regional galleries across Australia.

Margaret received numerous honours and awards during the later years of her life. She received three Australian Honours: Officer of the Order of Australia, (AO), (General Division) in1991 for ‘service as an artist and to the promotion of art’; Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian society and art; and the Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in 2006 for ‘service as one of Australia's most distinguished artists, for support and philanthropy to the visual and performing arts, and for encouragement of young and emerging artists’.

She was declared an Australian National Treasure and a Life Governor of the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1997. She received the Achievers Award from the Federal Government in 1999. In 2007 she was appointed a Fellow of the National Art School. She was awarded Honorary Doctorates from a number of universities including Macquarie University, the University of Sydney, the University of Newcastle, the University of Queensland, Southern Cross University and Griffith University.

Annexure 2 Nominated Plaque recipients for 2015 - Biographies Page 23

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

4. Information about the person’s life and achievements or the historical event: Margaret Olley was one of Australia’s most loved and significant artists, a generous benefactor and supporter of the arts and emerging artists.

Early life Margaret Hannah Olley was born on 24 June 1923 at Lismore, NSW, the eldest of three children of Joseph and Grace (nee Temperley) Olley. The Olley family were pioneers of the Lismore district and Margaret’s family lived on a property at Horseshoe Creek, near Kyogle. In 1925 the family moved to Tully in far north Queensland where they established a sugar cane farm. In about 1931 the family moved back to northern NSW, purchasing a sugar cane farm at Tygalgah, near Murwillumbah. Margaret attended the local primary school in Murwillumbah.

In 1935 the family were on the move again, first to Brisbane before returning to Tully. However Margaret remained in Brisbane to attend Somerville House, a girl's boarding school. Her art teacher recognised Margaret’s artistic talent and persuaded her parents to send Margaret to art school. Margaret attended Brisbane Central Technical College in 1941, and in 1943 she moved to Sydney and enrolled at East Sydney Technical College to study art. While studying she supported herself by painting theatre sets. She participated in her first group exhibitions at East Sydney Technical College in 1943 then with the Under 30 Group and Royal Queensland Art Society in 1944. She graduated from College with first class honours in 1945.

Career, travel and life in Paddington Margaret, living in a rooftop flat at McMahons Point, was involved in the post-war Sydney art scene, which included artists such as Jean Bellette, William Dobell, Russell Drysdale, Donald Friend, Sidney Nolan, Justin O’Brien and David Strachan. She won her first art prize, the Mosman Prize, for her painting New England Landscape in 1947.

In 1948 Margaret held her first solo exhibition at the Macquarie Galleries with one of her works purchased by the Art Gallery of NSW. She stayed with Donald Friend at Hill End where she made a number of paintings, and William Dobell painted his famous portrait of her which won the Archibald Prize.

The following year Margaret fled the glare of publicity created by the Dobell portrait, travelling first to England and then on to Europe. While in France she attended classes at La Grande Chaumiere, went on painting trips and enjoyed gatherings with friends. Following the death of her father in 1952 she returned to Brisbane where she designed theatre sets and was commissioned by the Queensland Art Gallery to paint a mural of the Place de la Concorde for a French art exhibition. After completing a mural with Donald Friend, she and Donald travelled together to North Queensland. Margaret then went on to New Guinea before returning to Brisbane.

Margaret’s dependence on alcohol threatened to affect her work and after bringing her drinking to an end in 1959 she found a new enthusiasm for her painting which then “blossomed from the early 1960s” (Pearce, 1996, p.19). During the 1960s her output was vast and she enjoyed great success. She held numerous exhibitions and entered art competitions where she won many prizes including the Helena Rubenstein Portrait Prize in 1962, the Redcliff Art Prize in 1962 and 1963, the Bendigo Art Prize and Finney’s Centenary Art Prize in 1963, and the Johnsonian Club Art Prize in 1964. She went to Newcastle in 1964 and was captivated with the city and its port, making a number of paintings and sketches while she was there.

Annexure 2 Nominated Plaque recipients for 2015 - Biographies Page 24

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Margaret decided to invest in real estate and in 1964 she purchased her first house at 70 Paddington Street, Paddington (Margaret sold this house in 1971). In late 1964 Margaret found another house in Paddington, this time at 48 Duxford Street which had an old hat factory building at the back of the terrace and which Margaret thought “would be a better place for working than my other house in Paddington Street” (Stewart, p.378). Margaret kept a couple of rooms for her own use and rented out the rest of the house. Later in the 1960s she made further investments in real estate in Newcastle.

Margaret was inspired and influenced by the works of such European artists as Vuillard, Bonnard, Vermeer, Cezanne and Morandi. During her career she established and maintained a large network of friendships in the art world. She travelled extensively including trips to New Guinea, south-east Asia, Bali (while visiting Donald Friend), America, Europe and England. Her travels were always an influence on her work. While in Australia she made constant trips between Sydney, Newcastle and Brisbane.

The decade of the 1970s saw Margaret continue with her pattern of prolific output, numerous exhibitions and frequent travelling. At the end of 1970 her great friend, artist David Strachan died and the following year she travelled to France where she took up a studio in Paris. On her return to Sydney she found her flat in Duxford Street too crowded and was instead able to use Strachan’s empty Paddington Street house as a studio. The works she produced here were described by Barry Pearce as “the outstanding achievement of this [1970-1979] decade”. In the early years of the 1970s Sam Hughes, who Margaret had met in 1945, re-entered her life and moved in to her Duxford Street house.

In 1975 Olley formed an association with art dealer Philip Bacon and continued to exhibit her work with him for the rest of her life.

Margaret experienced a period of great sadness when both her mother Grace, and love of her life, Sam, died in 1982. Missing Sam’s presence in her Duxford Street house, Olley decided to find another place in Paddington in which to live and in 1984 she purchased a house in Gurner Street. However, by 1988 due to increasing difficulty walking and negotiating the staircase in her new house, Margaret moved back to her Duxford Street premises. Speaking of Duxford Street in 2011 Margaret said: “I painted so many still lifes there, as well as the interior itself, over and over. Who was it said there are only a few stories, and good writing brings a freshness to the few timeless subjects? The yellow room remains even today an essential part of my life and work. It was my sanctuary. It had an ideal quality of intimacy” (Pearce, 2012, p.11).

During the 1990s Margaret began to receive more public acclaim and recognition, elevating her to almost celebrity status. The first retrospective of her work which accompanied the launch of the book Margaret Olley by Christine France was held at the S.H. Ervin Gallery, Sydney in 1990. In 1997 her work was the subject of a major retrospective organised by the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

In 2005 Margaret travelled to London to attend an exhibition of her paintings, described by Barry Pearce as being of “exceptional quality”, which were mounted in conjunction with works by Bonnard and Vuillard (Pearce, 2012, p.83). An exhibition of her drawings, watercolours and monotypes ‘Margaret Olley: Life’s journeys’ was prepared in 2009 by the University of Queensland Art Museum touring Sydney and Newcastle.

In April 2011 artist Ben Quilty won the Archibald Prize with his portrait of Margaret.

Annexure 2 Nominated Plaque recipients for 2015 - Biographies Page 25

Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Throughout her career Margaret held numerous solo exhibitions and participated in many group exhibitions. Solo exhibitions were held almost every year from 1948 and in various major centres including Sydney, Brisbane, Paris, Adelaide, Melbourne, Newcastle, Canberra and London. Group exhibitions were held almost every year from 1943 (and often more than one per year) in all the major Australian capitals and regional centres as well as in London.

Despite declining health Margaret continued painting right up to the end of her life and had finished a series of paintings for an upcoming exhibition to be held at Philip Bacon Galleries. Before she could attend the launch Margaret died at her home in Duxford Street on 26 July 2011, aged 88. A State memorial service was held for Margaret at the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

Honours and awards Margaret received numerous honours and awards during the later years of her life. She received three Australian Honours:

 Officer of the Order of Australia, (AO), (General Division) in1991 for ‘service as an artist and to the promotion of art’.  Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian society and art.  Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in 2006 for ‘service as one of Australia's most distinguished artists, for support and philanthropy to the visual and performing arts, and for encouragement of young and emerging artists’.

She was declared an Australian National Treasure and a Life Governor of the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1997. She received the Achievers Award from the Federal Government in 1999. In 2007 she was appointed a Fellow of the National Art School.

She was awarded Honorary Doctorates from a number of universities including Macquarie University, the University of Sydney, the University of Newcastle, the University of Queensland, Southern Cross University and Griffith University.

Legacy From the late 1980s Margaret began donating works of art to the Art Gallery of New South Wales and in 1990 she established the Margaret Hannah Olley Art Trust to acquire paintings for public collections. Margaret became one of Australia’s most generous benefactors. In recognition of her bequests the NSW Art Gallery named The Margaret Olley Twentieth Century European Galleries in 2001. In his introduction to Margaret in Barry Pearce’s 2012 publication Margaret Olley, Edmund Capon noted that while Margaret was “one of the most unforgettable, indelible, colourful, independent and spirited people we could ever meet we should never overlook her passionate belief and commitment to the arts”.

Before her death Margaret expressed the wish to have part of her home and collections recreated where she spent her childhood. She bequeathed 1 million dollars to the Tweed Regional Gallery towards the creation of her dream. The Margaret Olley Art Centre was officially opened on 15 March 2014. The Centre ‘celebrates the career, life and legacy of its namesake, Margaret Olley – Australia’s most celebrated painter of still life and interiors’. Fundamental to the Centre is the recreation of three rooms of Olley’s home studio at 48 Duxford Street – the hat factory, yellow room and green kitchen. Original architectural features including windows and doors were relocated from her home and the interiors filled with over 20,000 items that Olley collected as subject matter

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Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015 for her paintings. One of Australia’s most loved and prolific artists, Margaret Olley painted landscapes, particularly in her early years, but primarily she painted works of still life and interiors. Edmund Capon wrote that “her pictures distil the commonplace world around us into certainty, beauty and immortality” (Pearce, 2012, pp.9-10). She has been described as an icon and a national treasure. Writing of Olley in 1996, Barry Pearce noted “In addressing the present with her interpretation of a great tradition of the genre she practises she may be our most important artist to carry its legacy into the future” (p.21). The Australian Women’s Register notes that “Margaret Olley is known as one of Australia's most prized interior and still life painters”.

Sources  Australian Women’s Register, ‘Olley, Margaret’, http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/PR00468b.htm  Margaret Olley Art Centre, Tweed Regional Gallery http://artgallery.tweed.nsw.gov.au/MargaretOlleyArtCentre  Pearce, Barry, Margaret Olley, AGNSW, 1996  Pearce, Barry, Margaret Olley 1923-2011, Beagle Press, 2012  Phillip Bacon Galleries, Margaret Olley Estate http://www.philipbacongalleries.com.au/artists_and_stockroom?id=452546&m=b  Stewart, Meg, Margaret Olley: far from a still life, Randon House, 2005

5. List of Woollahra Local Government Area addresses associated with the subject being proposed, with dates of occupation or association:

48 Duxford Street, Paddington: 1964-2011. Margaret Olley purchased this property in 1964 and lived there almost continuously until her death in 2011. The house was also the place where Margaret produced many of her still life paintings. Parts of the house have been famously re- created at the Tweed Regional Gallery.

Suggested wording for plaque Margaret Olley AC 1923-2011 Artist and benefactor Lived here

Suggested siting for plaque Olley’s home at 48 Duxford Street Paddington. Suggested launch dates for plaque 24 June – birth 26 July – death 15 March – opening of the Margaret Olley Art Centre

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Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015

Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme: Herbert Henry (Dally) Messenger

Any Concerns: N/A Identification of exceptional circumstances:

1. Name of the person or historical event proposed Herbert Henry (Dally) Messenger

2. Birth and death dates 12 April 1883 – 24 November 1959

3. Reasons why the nominated person deserves a plaque Herbert (Dally) Messenger was born into a family of natural athletes, and raised in a community where sport was fundamental to the local culture. Double Bay, then a village, was to produce a disproportionate number of sporting ‘greats’ of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Of them, Dally Messenger’s name has perhaps best survived the passage of time – familiar even in the mainstream, and in sporting circles accorded almost legendary status for its owner’s exceptional physical skills and the long-held records he created. Perhaps the most telling indication of Messenger’s stature is that he is recognized by both rugby and rugby league fraternities for his achievements - acknowledged as “a rugby genius, ranked the best Australian footballer of all time” by historians of the code from which he defected in 19071, and hailed simply as “The Master” by the Rugby League. That this is so, over fifty years since his death, and more than a century after his short professional career ended, suggests an exceptional legacy. Dally Messenger’s international standing and record of achievement in the game of rugby added to Australia’s emergent status as a sporting nation. His place in Australian sports history is a defining one, his choice to sign with the new League movement in 1907 influencing the course of the rugby, rugby league and Australian Rules football codes at a critical point in their development.

4. Information about the person’s life and achievements Family background – England to Sydney Herbert Henry Messenger was born in Duke Street Balmain on 12th April 18832 to Charles Amos Messenger and his wife, Annie Frances, née Atkinson - one of the eight children of this marriage. Herbert Henry was and is better-known by his nick-name “Dally”, its origins lying in an early childhood physical similarity to the portly NSW politician William Bede Dalley, according to Messenger family lore quoted in various biographical sources. Opportunity for this comparison presumably waned in proportion to the growing athleticism of W B Dalley’s young namesake, who while notably small for a rugby player (168cm/76kg)3, was fast and agile in the extreme, and unlikely to have been burdened with excess weight. Messenger shed the ‘e’ from his spelling of W.B.’s surname, but used it always, and passed it as the registered given name to his only child, a son, born 1914.4

1 Pollard, Jack Australian Rugby Union: the game and its players Syd., A&R/ABC, 1984 p. 451 2 This detail has not been substantiated in the BDM NSW index, but has been accepted in official biographies of Dally Messenger. 3 Cuneen, Chris“Herbert Dally Messenger” Australian Dictionary of Biography Volume 10, Melb., Univ., Pr., 1986. 4 BDM NSW On-line index reg. No 626/1914.

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Athleticism ran in the Messenger family. Dally’s father and paternal grandfather were both champion scullers, grandfather James Arthur Messenger (1826-1901) having secured the title of Champion of the Thames in 1854 – reprised in the 1860s as the World Sculling Championship, with earlier title-holders retrospectively recognised as champions of international standing.5 In the same year, Dally’s father Charles – who would mirror this victory with a number of his own on the other side of the world – was born to James and his wife Charlotte Sarah, on 10th September. The family lived in the Thames-side locality of Teddington (historic county of Middlesex, now part of Greater London) and James’s occupation is recorded as ‘waterman’ in the parish register where Charles’s baptism is entered6. Seven years later the calling “Royal Bargemen” could have been added, a position James held from 1862 until his death in 19017. Descendants of James Messenger would for several generations continue to pursue maritime-based livelihoods on the waterfront at Double Bay, and maintain the family’s reputation as skilled oarsmen. Charles Messenger arrived in the colony of Victoria on the Carlisle Castle in 18758, meeting and marrying in the same year Annie Frances, the daughter of William Atkinson and his wife Annie.9 The couple settled at Emerald Hill (the historical name for present-day South Melbourne) where the first children in their family were born, and from where, competing as a Melbournian, Charles easily beat a New Zealand sculling challenger to secure the “Championship of Victoria” on the Yarra, in 1879.10 This was only one of his wins, which included races held in New Zealand, after which he consolidated his reputation as a trainer. By 1882, Charles had relocated to Sydney. His name was recorded in the issue of the Sands Sydney Directory published for that year, listed as a resident of Edward Street, in the Darling Harbour locality. In 1883, the year of Dally’s birth, the directory records Charles Messenger, boat builder, at Princes Street, Ryde. However the Duke Street Balmain address, where Dally is accepted to have been born in April 1883 - and which was the address given for the Messenger Brothers, boat builders, in the 1884 issue of the Directory - was clearly already established by February 1883, when a letter to the editor of the Evening News from Charles was published, giving Duke Street as his place of residence and business11.

Childhood in Double Bay Charles Messenger’s family made their final Sydney move, to Double Bay, in 1885. Here the partnership of Messenger Bros - earlier formed between Charles and his brother Harry (also baptized Herbert Henry) - established a boat building business on the waterfront which would gradually evolve into a fully-fledged marina, and quickly take on the status of a local institution. The first buildings in this complex were brought from the Balmain site by water, and set up near the foot of Beach Street,12 where the family made their home. The Double Bay business remained in Messenger hands for three generations, spanning some eighty years of maritime activity.

5 Wikipedia article “World Sculling Championship” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championship_of_the_Thames 6 Entry 472/1854 in the Register of Baptisms in the Parish of Teddington, County of Middlesex [Charles’s date of birth was recorded in this entry for his baptism on 29.10.1854.] 7 “People of historical note buried in the Borough [of Richmond]” www.richmond.gov.uk/ . James Messenger died 31.7.1901 (Probate calendar, England and Wales 1858-1966) some six months after Edward’s accession. 8 Index to unassisted passenger lists to Victoria 1852-1923 Public Record Office Victoria. 9 Registration number : 4952/1875, Australia, Marriage Index, 1788-1950. [database on-line :Registration details Victoria]. 10 Australian Town and Country Journal 30.8.1879 p. 35. 11 Evening News 9.2.1883 p. 2 12 Martin, Tom “Marine Structures in Woollahra” Woollahra History and heritage Society Briefs, No. 50 1993

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Dally Messenger attended Double Bay Public School, where both he and his brother Wally were part of an era of sporting achievement which is noted in the school’s centenary history - fostered by the personal enthusiasm of pupil teacher John Moclair under the guidance of Henry Giles Shaw, the Principal of DPS from 1891-1896. During the Messenger brothers’ period of involvement, the school’s Rugby team was undefeated in inter-schools competition at Junior School level, and from time to time defeated champions from the Senior Schools competition as well.13

When not in the classroom, the young Dally spent much of his time in outdoor pursuits, on the water or at the local parks. He excelled broadly in all such activity, and very possibly might have followed a different sporting path with equal success. The renowned Australian cricketer Victor Trumper noted Dally’s natural skill at his own game, and Messenger is credited in lore (dubiously, according to some sports historians) to have, while in play at the Sydney Cricket Ground, performed the possibly singular feat of hitting the clock tower.14 Dally also shared the family’s inclination for water-based sports, and was an excellent sailor and canoeist. However, Dally himself was quoted as stating, in 1908, “I am neither a rower, jumper, nor anything else, simply a footballer.”15

Early working life and football career At the conclusion of his schooling, Dally moved naturally into work in the Messenger family business, which beyond the maintenance and construction of boats, operated as a boat hire and chartering service. The story is told of his taking a local football team by water from Double Bay to St. Joseph’s College Hunter’s Hill, where he was persuaded to stay on and make up the numbers for his passengers’ under-manned side. Playing in bare feet, Messenger is said to have caused a sensation, with school authorities eventually requesting that he pass the ball at the halfway mark to even up the chances.16

Football seems to have been never far from his mind, and he would use opportune down time at the family boatshed to perfect the full length dives which he used to such effect on the field, plunging repeatedly head first into an old car tyre. In games he was known to dive over the top of would-be tacklers to score – a move which incorporated a somersault.17

Messenger played his first competition games at suburban level with the Warrigals, a team of predominantly Woollahra players, formed in 1899 and based at Centennial Park. Messenger joined the side in 1900, and in 1902 played alongside another future representative player and all-round athlete, Reginald Leslie (Snowy) Baker. The team was runner-up in the competitions of 1901 and 1903, reaching the semi-finals in 1902. In published reports of their games, notwithstanding the presence at times of the great “Snowy” Baker, one Warrigal player was outstandingly singled out for comment: Dally Messenger.18

In 1905 Messenger was persuaded to join the Eastern Suburbs Rugby Club, an opportunity which led to play at representative level, both state and national, during 1906 and 1907. Easts had formed in March 1900 at a meeting at the Paddington Town Hall dominated by influential names, and had built an early strength in club rugby by strategically signing up gifted athletes : Harry Flegg, Snowy Baker and Olympian Stan Rowley among them. It was an affluent and powerful club - ‘the haven

13 Hurst, Mary Double Bay Public School 1883-1893: the first hundred years Syd., DPS 1983 pp 15-17. 14 Derriman, Philip The Grand old ground; a history of the Sydney Cricket Ground. Nth Ryde Cassell, 1981p. 92 15 Clarence and Richmond Examiner 11.7.1908 p. 5 16 Pollard, Jack Ibid p. 452. 17 Op. cit 452,454. 18 Hickie, Tom The Game for the game itself. Syd., Sydney Sub-District Rugby Union, 1983 pp. 38; 192..

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Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015 for the more notable …who wanted to be part of Sydney’s most flourishing sporting code.’19 Messenger captained the reserve grade team in his first season with Easts, and moved into First Grade representation in 1906. Here all the hallmarks of his talent were finally on broad display - not only his physical prowess but his mental agility and creativity.

Messenger quickly established himself as the biggest “drawcard” which New South Wales rugby had to offer, which made his defection to the fledging code of Rugby League the following year, in August 1907, a bitter blow not only to Easts, but to the New South Wales Rugby Union. Gate takings were vital to the survival of any code, and Messenger with one move had transferred a good proportion of the available pool of spectators to the embryonic League.

Messenger was unsurprisingly expelled from the NSWRU – instantly and for life - and so deeply was his disloyalty felt that his name and achievements were struck from the organisation’s record books. It was not until all but a century later, in June 2007 that the NSWRU voted to restore Dally’s name for the record, and posthumously welcome him back into the fold, in honour of his accomplishments and the role he had played overall in Australian sport. The Chief Executive of NSWRU remarked at the time that to do so was an easy decision, “The only pity is that he's not around to witness for himself the game embracing him once again."20 Messenger had died some forty-eight years earlier.

Move to Rugby League The two agents of the local Rugby League credited with luring Dally Messenger to switch allegiances were Paddington cricketer Victor Trumper and sports enthusiast and entrepreneur James Joseph Giltinan, one of the founders of the New South Wales Rugby Football league, and its first secretary. The pair were convinced during a visit to a convalescing rugby player, the injured Harold Judd, that Messenger’s signing would be the critical factor in the successful establishment of League Football in New South Wales.

Also instrumental in the decision was the mother of their target. With the untimely death over two years earlier of 52-year old Charles Messenger,21 his widow Annie is believed by Messenger descendants to have taken the leading role in her son’s decision, apparently persuaded by the spectre of the NSWRU’s lack of insurance to adequately cover compensation for injury.22 This issue of compensation was the issue of the moment; two rugby players – Alec Burdon and Harold Judd – had been separately injured during the 1907 season and “left to lament their injuries alone and not recompensed in any way for loss or work”.23 The NSWRU had not endeared itself to these men and their sympathisers by sinking a large measure of RU funds into the purchase of the Epping racecourse in the same year.24 Compensation, rather than large fees for play, was the ethos of the new code, which did not set out to establish payments which would translate into livelihoods, but gratuities which would cover out of pocket expenses and recompense for lost work25.

19 Growden, Greg The Snowy Baker story Syd., Random House, 2003 p. 31. 20 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-06-24/dally-messenger-reinstated-to-nswru-record-books/79020 21 Australian Cemetery Index 1808-2007. Charles Messenger’s death is recorded as 21.4.1905; 22 Heads, Ian True Blue : the story of the NSW Rugby League Randwick, Ironbark Press, 1992 p.46. 23 Messenger, Dally Raymond The Master Syd., Angus & Robertson, 1982 p. 20. 24 Hickie, Tom Ibid p.55 25 Loc cit.

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The signing of Dally Messenger took place at the Messenger family home on the Double Bay waterfront on 16.8.1907, according to Messenger family history. If the date is correct – and it has been queried26 – then Messenger was on the field at the Sydney Show Ground the following day, playing in Australia’s first ever League match against the New Zealand “All Golds”, for a team billed simply as “Australia”, and comprised of many leading defectors from the NSWRU. The crowd of 20,000 was achieved largely due to a last-minute welter of promotion based on Messenger’s appearance. On the strength of his play, Messenger was invited on an English tour with the All Golds, noted by one football historian as “an extraordinary tribute from players regarded as the world’s best”. 27

Dally Messenger came from a family in which professional sportsmen – in the sculling sphere – were an accepted fact of life, making the transfer from amateur status quite natural and uncomplicated by qualms about the “player-gentleman” schism. However, given his seemingly casual approach to his personal finances, it is doubtful that Dally would have been unduly influenced by the prospect of payment, even had the fees not been the modest sums on offer by the embryonic NSW League. The story is told of how Messenger, hearing that James Giltinan was facing bankruptcy to fund the 1908-1909 Kangaroo tour, tore up the contract which had secured him his fees for the matches.28

Messenger’s mother appears to have been equally unimpressed by inducements per se. She cabled her recommendation when her touring son was approached by English soccer officials with a lucrative offer to play a season with Manchester United or the Tottenham Hotspurs. Annie Messenger’s advice was to “come home”, and Dally appears to have been content to take it.29 Messenger, from 1908 until his retirement from professional football in 1913 played for The Eastern Suburbs District Rugby League Football Club, formed in January 1908 - one of the foundational clubs of the New South Wales League, and the fourth to form. Of the thirteen premierships the club has achieved in 106 years of play, Messenger led the team to victory in three (1911, 1912 and 1913).

The speed of Rugby League’s ascendency in Queensland and New South Wales is generally linked directly to Dally Messenger’s willingness to adopt the new code as his own. Sports historians surmise a further ramification: that the rise of the League halted the northerly march of Australian Rules football, which it is believed would have otherwise gained overriding popularity with the demographic already captured by league football.

Retirement from professional football and later years On 14.10.1911, Dally Messenger married Annie Macaulay, née Carrol, in Sydney30. It was presumably no coincidence that Messenger began to scale back his involvement with professional football shortly before that time. To the disappointment of many football followers, he had withdrawn from a tour of New Zealand scheduled to sail two months before his marriage. He then declined selection for the 1911-1912 Kangaroo tour of England. From September 1911 onwards, reports in the regional press were concerned with Messenger’s increasing talk of retirement, ultimately realised at the end of the 1913 season.

26 Heads, Ian Ibid p. 46 27 Pollard, Jack Ibid p.455. 28 Op cit. p. 456 29 Loc. cit 30 BDM NSW 11527/1911; Cunneen, Chris Ibid.

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Dally was farewelled by his fellows with a testimonial dinner,31 and a grateful Easts presented him, as a personal memento of his play, the premiership shield, won by the club three times in consecutive years and each time under his captaincy. The Royal Agricultural Society Challenge Shield – black mahogany with silver mountings – is now in the collection of the National Museum of Australia, a citation reading, “The shield's association with the genesis of rugby league in Australia, and its connection to the game's first great superstar, make it one of the most important rugby league objects held in a public collection in Australia.”.32

Public reaction to Dally’s retirement was mixed, with some media comment commending the good judgement of a decision to step away at the peak of a career. However Dally also suffered something of the backlash familiar to all public figures when adoration begets ownership, and there was inference here and there of a selfish and opportunistic choice, made at a time when Dally was “far from doing his dash …to spend more profitable time at the beer pump than at potting goals”.33 The “beer pump” was a reference to Dally’s wife’s proprietorship of a city hotel, The Albion, which he managed alongside her for some years.

There had been a similarly jaundiced tone in parts of the press when Dally and Annie Messenger enjoyed a belated honeymoon in February 1912, the Richmond River Herald remarking tartly: “‘Dally’ Messenger, the famous footballer who decided to forego a trip to England in order to marry a rich widow in Sydney, is now off an a jaunt to Java with his wife.”34

In retirement Messenger tilted without great success at a number of careers – including banana farming in Buderim, Queensland and hotel-keeping in Sydney and elsewhere. In July 1917 the Daily Observer newspaper, published in Tamworth, NSW announced that Dally Messenger was taking over a hotel in the nearby town of Manilla: “The Royal Hotel, previously Mrs Swaines”35. Almost immediately there followed reports in regional newspapers of Messenger’s involvement in local Manilla sport – a wartime benefit rugby match for the France Day fund36 and some district rugby matches, playing for Manilla against nearby towns and localities. A report published in the Sydney newspaper, The Arrow noted that the regional areas of New South Wales were “content to mingle codes.” 37 Finally, in May 1919, came the announcement, “League football will be played at Manilla this year …Dally Messenger is the captain of the Manilla team”38. It would have been a great moment for the small town, and an opportunity for Dally to continue doing what he liked best – playing the game.

In the same year however, Dally’s small family was struck by personal tragedy, brought upon them by the great 1919 pneumonic influenza epidemic. On 20.6.1919 the Adelaide Daily Herald reported that both Dally and his wife Annie were ill and the hotel “isolated”39, and the following day, press reports described Dally’s condition as serious40. However it was Annie Messenger and not Dally

31 Pollard, Jack Ibid p. 458. 32 http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/league_of_legends/treasures_of_the_game 33 Sydney Sportsman 18.9.1912 p. 1 34 The Richmond River Herald 22.2.1912 p. 3 35 Daily Observer 11.7.1917 p. 3. 36 Daily Observer 7.7.1917 p. 2 37 The Arrow 25.8.1917 p. 1. 38 Daily Observer 8.5.1919 p. 6 39 Daily Herald 20.6.1919 p. 4 40 Newcastle Sun 21.6.1919 p. 5.

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Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015 who, like many other young victims of this post-war virus, lacked the physical resources to fight it. She died several days later, on 23.6.1919, leaving Dally the sole parent to their small son.41 Beyond her value to them as a wife and mother, Annie Messenger had enjoyed the advantage of a family background in hotel management - a benefit Dally Messenger lacked. He remained at the Royal Hotel Manilla for a time after his wife’s death, but by 1925 had returned to Double Bay – not to the immediate waterfront locality of his childhood, where the other Messenger family households were clustered around Marine Parade and Stafford Street, from Beach Street to Castra Place, but to the west of William Street, living at No 16 Transvaal Avenue for the next five years.42 Messenger married Annie (Nancy) Thurecht in Sydney in 1927,43 and in 1932 moved from Transvaal Avenue to No 14 Glendon Road Double Bay44. However, provided with a grace-and-favour room at the headquarters of the Rugby League in Philip Street, Dally ultimately spent most of his time in the city.

The Richmond River Herald, fourteen years after commenting on the providence of Dally’s marriage to a “rich widow”, seemed to have forgotten that opinion of his choices when Dally returned to Sydney in 1926, remarking “It was a bad day for Dally when he took on the hotel business, for with ordinary care and restraint he might have been able to sit back on a comfortable fortune by this,” instead of which, as the writer observed, “Dally Messenger, The Master footballer of all time, formerly a hotel keeper in Manilla, is today an employee of the City council – a carpenter’.45

The stark dichotomy between Messenger’s football and post-football years, already noted by the Richmond River Herald in 1926, is a theme taken up repeatedly in biographical accounts of the man. Perhaps a rugby player has captured this best - Herbert Moran, Captain of the Wallaby team which toured in 1908-9 when the first Kangaroos were also in England. Noting Messenger as “one of the very great three-quarters of all time”, Moran continues on to say of Messenger in football retirement, “somehow all the world went wrong with him, and later, while his name still lingered on footballs and football boots, the man himself was forgotten and fell upon hard times. Like a great catharine wheel he had flared and sputtered with a dazzling white light, then suddenly faded out, a dark thing lost in the darkness.”46

Despite his post-football years being seemingly lacklustre, Messenger was not quite as forgotten as Moran asserts. The newspaper Truth embarked on an account of his career in 1940, which ran to fourteen instalments. And Dally spent his City days reliving his past glory in the Club’s precincts, and giving considerable pleasure to many rugby enthusiasts who wanted to meet him in person. At the entrance to the club’s committee rooms was a full-size portrait of him, unnamed and undated, and captioned with the only information needed: ‘The Master’.47

Dally Messenger died on 24 November 1959 while on a trip to Gunnedah, NSW where a local publican provided similar grace-and-favour lodgings to the City Leagues Club, whenever Dally required them. Messenger was aged 76, and after his funeral service at St Mark’s Darling Point, crowds lined the streets as the cortege left the church for the Anglican Cemetery, Botany.48

41 Daily Observer 24.6.1919 p. 2 42 Sands Sydney Directory shows H H Messenger at this address in the issues published for 1926 to 1931. 43 BDM NSW 10772/1927 44 Sands Sydney Directory published for 1932. 45 The Richmond River Herald 72.9.1926 p. 3 46 Heads, Ian Ibid p. 47. 47 Pollard, Jack Ibid p. 459 48 Messenger, Dally Raymond http://www.apersonalhistory.com/DallyMessenger/

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Career strengths Dally Messenger’s career was comparatively short – coming to grade and representative play later than he might have, and retiring at 30 – so it is the spectacular nature of his play rather than the longevity of his involvement for which he is remembered. He was known for his ability to kick goals over an extraordinarily long range, and to be as nimble with one foot as the other – once kicking a field goal with his left foot while being held in a tackle by his right.49

With the sport in its infancy, Messenger was also able to exploit many openings since closed off by the institution of specific rules not then considered – some of which were introduced directly as a result of his inventive play. While noted for his extraordinary speed and acceleration, it was his ability to evade defenders and confound his opposition which set him apart as ‘The master’, and which made him such a compelling player for his spectators.

Dally’s tactics didn’t always suit club and national officials, or selectors, whose intentions he routinely overrode in play, drawing on the prerogative of captaincy if he felt his strategies would bear fruit. Nor did he necessarily please fellow players, who sometimes felt robbed of their own opportunities to score by Dally’s relentless possession whenever he judged his own retention of the ball to be the likeliest route to success.

Messenger was not insensitive to his shortcomings in team work, acknowledging this flaw when praising a later player as “a wonderful team man” and adding, “now when I was playing, I was a fair ‘coot’ to play with, as my old teammate Dan Frawley will tell you” - a reference to Frawley’s comment that “nobody but Dally knew what would happen when he got the ball, his teammates often as mystified by Dally’s moves as the opposition.”50

Nevertheless, Messenger’s single-minded dedication to winning games delivered results which stood for remarkable intervals of time. In the 1911 season he kicked 108 goals in 20 matches and scored 270 points, a record which remained unbroken until 1935.

Most sports historians have drawn on the many superlatives heaped upon Messenger by writers who actually saw him play, and these are too numerous to be sensibly quoted in any comprehensive way.

Influence of the Double Bay locality Double Bay in the last decades of the nineteenth century and first decades of the twentieth was home to a widely diverse community of sports enthusiasts and achievers which produced - apart from the Messengers - the Ashton family’s polo triumphs in England, the Pearce family’s sculling prowess (including a twice-champion Olympian from their midst), the Olympic swimming achievements of Dick Cavill, and the test career of accomplished cricketer Hunter ‘Stork’ Hendry. Wally Messenger followed his brother to play club and representative football playing for Easts from 1912 to 1920, and for NSW in 1913 and in two tests against England.51 It has been claimed that members of the Messenger family regarded brother Wally as the superior player.52 Sid (Sandy) Pearce of the sculling family was also a League player of note – to whom Messenger paid tribute as “the greatest hooker the world ever saw”53.

49 Op. Cit. p. 452 50 Heads, Ian Ibid., p. 47 51 The Australian Encyclopaedia of Rugby League Players: every premiership player since 1908/ Alan Whiticker and Glen Hudson, rev.ed Smithfield NSW Gary Allen 1995 p. 205 52 Pollard, Jack Australian Rugby Union: the game and its players Syd., A&R/ABC, 1984 p. 452 53 “Dally Messenger’s life story” Truth 14.4.1940 p. 10

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Impromptu neighbourhood games of any sport were a routine part of the Bay’s culture. Hunter Hendry, in an Oral History recorded for Woollahra Council, recalled Dally Messenger and Sid (Sandy) Pearce, both of whom represented Australia in Rugby League, playing football barefoot on the Double Bay oval at Steyne Park. Hendry also spoke of the neighbourhood games of cricket of his youth, the local lads on occasions joined by Double Bay businessman and politician, the Hon. James Ashton, MLA.54 Dally himself recalled in an interview for the serialised Truth biography published 1940, his carefree days with the local “scratch” team of barefoot footballers, known as the “Seaweeds”.55

The Double Bay community was tightly-knit, and the Messenger family had, within a single generation’s residency, married into another Double Bay family with sporting achievement to their name, a pattern repeated in subsequent generations. Dally’s uncle, Harry Messenger had married Susannah Pearce in 190256, and Dally’s sisters Willa and Ivy had married brothers William (Bill) and Charles (Charlie) Lee57, both players mentioned in the centenary history of Double Bay Public School as contributing to the rugby success of the Messenger years at DBPS, Bill Lees also extending his play beyond his school days. The intermarriage between sporting families concentrated the focus on sport and gave it additional prestige at both a family and neighbourhood level.

In Double Bay, public tribute at a community level rewarded local sporting achievement - such as the testimonial organized in 1885 by the Double Bay citizens to mark Charles Messenger’s training of the world champion sculler, William (Bill) Beach.58 Dalley himself received, after his return from an English tour, a decorative address welcoming him home, organized by a committee of Double Bay residents and written “on behalf of numerous friends, admirers and well wishers in Double Bay.” The citation read “When we review the names of the athletic champions produced by New South Wales in the cricket, rowing swimming and boxing world we feel that no name has added more glory to the fame of our country than your own on many a hard fought football field.” It is difficult to imagine that an environment in which sport inspired such sentiment would not have had an impact on the young Dally Messenger, giving him both the impetus and the licence to devote the time and energy required to perfect his footballing skills to the level he achieved.

Known plaques, tributes memorials etc The Courtney Goodwill Trophy, Rugby League’s first international trophy, instituted in 1936, depicts players of four nations - an Australian, British French and New Zealander - to convey the international concept of the award. Dally Messenger’s image was chosen to represent Australian involvement.

A stand at the Sydney Cricket Ground is named for Messenger in honour of the games he played on the ground and he was the first footballer to be made an honorary member of the SCG.

The Dally M Medal is presented annually to the Australian rugby league player judged the best player of the season.

54 Transcript of an Oral History Interview of Hunter Hendry with Margaret Brownsombe, (Interviewer) Syd., WMC 1984. 55 “Dally Messenger’s life story” Truth 14.4.1940 p. 10 56 BDM NSW 10470/1902 57 BDM NSW 2877/1907; 14269/1910. 58 Evening News 31.3.1885 p.6

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Messenger was admitted to the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame in 2003 A life-size bronze sculpture of Messenger was created in 2008 by sculptor Cathy Weiszmann and installed outside the Sydney Football Stadium.

5. List of Woollahra Local Government Area addresses associated with the subject proposed, with dates of occupation or association Beach Street/Stafford Street/Marine Parade Double Bay This is the area where the Messenger Brothers harbourside business was established on the Double Bay waterfront c1886, and where the family of Charles Messenger also lived. The complex of buildings was initially set up just east of Beach Street, later moving nearer to Castra Place in the 1930s under the management of Charles youngest son, Ernest Messenger. At the time of Charles Messenger’s death in 1905, Beach Street was given as his residential address, and Beach Street was likewise the address given for the business in 1909 when it was registered with Charles’s widow Annie as the operator. During this same period (ie 1905-1909) the property, described as house and boatshed, was listed in Rate Books as located in Stafford Street, and references also exist for the family and its business at Marine Parade. All the above references would seem to refer to the same site on the Double Bay waterfront, east of Beach Street and extending from the waterfront to north-eastern Stafford Street, at the time when Dally grew up, worked in the boatshed, and played representative rugby and rugby league. 16 Transvaal Avenue and 14 Glendon Road Dally reestablished residence in Sydney after his years at Manilla. 16 Transvaal Avenue : 1925 -1931 14 Glendon Road : 1932 - .

Sources  The Australian Encyclopaedia of Rugby League Players: every premiership player since 1908/ Alan Whiticker and Glen Hudson, rev.ed Smithfield NSW Gary Allen 1995 p. 205  Cuneen, Chris“Herbert Dally Messenger” Australian Dictionary of Biography Volume 10, Melb., Univ., Pr., 1986.  Derriman, Philip The Grand old ground; a history of the Sydney Cricket Ground. Nth Ryde, Cassell, 1981.  Hickie, Tom The Game for the game itself. Syd., Sydney Sub-District Rugby Union, 1983 pp. 38; 192..  Heads, Ian True Blue : the story of the NSW Rugby League Randwick, Ironbark Press, 1992 p.46  Hurst, Mary Double Bay Public School 1883-1893: the first hundred years Syd., DPS 1983 pp 15-17.  Martin, Tom “Marine Structures in Woollahra” Woollahra History and heritage Society Briefs, No. 50 1993  Pollard, Jack Australian Rugby Union: the game and its players Syd., A&R/ABC, 1984 p. 452

Unpublished sources

 Transcript of an Oral History Interview of Hunter Hendry with Margaret Brownsombe, (Interviewer) Syd., WMC 1984.  WMC Rate Books

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Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme: Captain John Piper

Any concerns: NA Identification of exceptional circumstances:

1. Name of the person, or historical event, you are proposing for a plaque: Captain John Piper

2. Birth and death dates of the person: 20 April 1773-8 June 1851

3. Reasons why the nominated person, or historical event, deserves a plaque:

As a member of the NSW Corps and as a public servant John Piper played an important role in the civil and commercial activities of the early years of the colony. He was a personable, well-liked and leading figure in early Sydney society.

John Piper has left memories and real reminders of his life at Henrietta Villa as the first grantee of land in the suburb bearing his name and in the road he laid out to his home, known for many years as the Point Piper Road. Images and stories of John Piper, Henrietta Villa and the activities that took place there have made a rich contribution to the history of the district since Europeans arrived.

4. Information about the person’s life and achievements or the historical event:

Captain John Piper was a military officer, public servant and popular social figure of the early years of the colony. He is closely associated with the history of Point Piper and surrounding area.

Early life Born 20 April 1773 at Maybole, Ayrshire, Scotland, John Piper was the son of Hugh Piper, a doctor of modest means. In 1791 with the help of his uncle, Piper secured a commission as ensign in the newly formed New South Wales Corps. The Corps was established as a military regiment in 1789 to replace the British Marines who had accompanied the First Fleet to Australia in 1788.

Career in New South Wales John Piper set sail for Sydney on the ‘Pitt’, arriving in the colony in February 1792. The following year Piper was granted his request to be sent to the penal settlement on Norfolk Island. He was promoted lieutenant in May 1795 and returned to the mainland. In 1800 Piper was given the local rank of captain and stationed at Parramatta.

Since its formation the NSW Corps had steadily gained in wealth and power leading to conflict with the early governors of the colony. Piper, a close friend of John Macarthur who was one of the key officers in the struggle between the Corps and governors, was himself arrested after supporting Macarthur in a duel in 1801. After apologising for his actions Piper was acquitted at his court martial in 1802.

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Piper returned to Norfolk Island in 1804 and later that year he was appointed commandant when the Lieutenant-Governor Joseph Foveaux left on sick leave. He was promoted to the full rank of captain in 1806. During his period of responsibility on Norfolk Island, Piper oversaw the removal of most of the settlement and their relocation to Tasmania, and he was generally admired and respected for his organisational abilities and the humane manner in which he carried out his duties.

During the years Piper was stationed on Norfolk Island the struggle between the Corps and Governors King and Bligh continued, culminating in the so-called ‘Rum Rebellion’ of 1808. Governor Bligh was deposed by the NSW Corps but their actions led to the reformation of the Corps into the 102nd Regiment of Foot and their recall to England in 1810. Piper returned to Sydney from Norfolk Island in 1810 and the following year he too left for England. He was accompanied by his companion, Mary Ann Shears (the daughter of a convict who Piper appears to have met while on Norfolk Island), their 2 boys as well as his daughter from an earlier relationship.

While in England Piper resigned his commission and sought employment as a civilian back in the colony. In 1813 he was appointed Naval Officer, in which role he was to be responsible for collecting customs duties, excise on spirits and harbour dues, control of lighthouses as well as various other duties. Piper and his family arrived back in Sydney in February 1814 and two years later on 10 February 1816 he married Mary Ann by special licence.

Piper was appointed a magistrate by Governor Macquarie in 1819. He was chairman of directors of the Bank of New South Wales in 1825 and sat on numerous committees including the Australian Agricultural Company, and was president of the Scots Church committee. Piper was an enthusiastic participant in social and sporting events, and was an important breeder of early bloodhorses in New South Wales.

Henrietta Villa and life at Point Piper In 1813 John Piper was recommended to Governor Macquarie to receive a grant of land. Piper proceeded to lay the foundation stone for his new house at Point Piper, then known as Eliza Point, in 1816, although the promised grant of 190 acres was not formalised until 10 February 1820. The foundation stone was laid in front of a large gathering and performed by a newly established society of military masons.

‘On Saturday last a large party of Officers and other Gentlemen, accompanied by a number of Ladies, proceeded by water to Elizabeth Point, near to South Head, at the invitation of Captain Piper, who gave an elegant fete champêtre on the occasion of laying the foundation of his intended building on that beautiful and commanding point; to which the Gentlemen proceeded in Masonic order’.

Sydney Gazette 9 Nov 1816, p.2

The classically designed villa in its picturesque setting was unrivalled in architectural style at the time. The architect is unknown but it has been argued that it may have been designed by Henry Kitchen. The house was situated in present day terms in the block created by Longworth Avenue and Wunulla Road. Captain Piper, Mary Ann and their children moved into Henrietta Villa, reported to have cost £10,000, in mid 1822.

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‘We have the unsatisfactory duty to report the removal of a family from town, which will be experienced in many classes of our colonial community, and by none more sensibly than the poorer orders. Captain PIPER, with his family, has withdrawn to the sweet and enviable retirement of Point Piper, where this universally respected Gentleman intends residing for the future. The mansion is elegantly and commodiously fitted up, and only seemed to require the presence of its munificent owner to render it irresistibly enchanting’.

Sydney Gazette 3 May 1822, p.2

Piper led an extravagant lifestyle at Point Piper. He entertained lavishly at his new villa which became the centre of the Sydney social scene, hosting grand balls in the domed ballroom as well as dinner parties, water parties and picnics in the grounds. A row of brass cannons stood on the lawn and saluted Piper’s friends as they sailed in and out of the harbour. His gardens were laid out with groves of trees brought over from England that included ash, larch, spruce and Scotch fir.

Artist Joseph Lycett was so impressed with the villa he described it in his Views in Australia published in 1824, as ‘the most superb residence in the colony’. He was equally charmed with the gardens:

‘On a very high hill a little to the right, at the back of the Villa, a most excellent Garden has been formed, which supplies abundance of the choicest fruit, consisting of Oranges, Peaches, Apricots, Nectarines and every other species which the climate produces. The grounds in front of the building are planted with numerous Orange- trees, and laid out in a very pleasing and tasteful manner.’

In order to reach his new house by carriage, Piper needed to build a road ‘at a very considerable expense through the Bush’ (Lycett). The route ran from the established South Head Road (Oxford Street) through Woollahra and Paddington along Jersey Road (referred to as the Point Piper Road until 1900 when it was renamed in honour of the Earl of Jersey), then through Double Bay along Ocean Avenue, William Street and New South Head Road to Point Piper.

One of John Piper’s favourite past-times was horse racing, and when racing at Hyde Park ceased in about 1825, Piper made sure that he and his friends would not go without by building his own race track not far from his home. Race-goers viewed the races taking place on the flats of Rose Bay from marquees erected on the slopes of Bellevue Hill.

However the heady days at Point Piper were not to last, when, in 1826 questions raised over Piper’s conduct in the carrying out of his public duties led to his financial downfall.

Financial troubles As Piper’s income increased in his position as Naval Officer he continued to acquire land through both grant and purchase. As an officer in the NSW Corps, Piper had been entitled to a grant of land and in 1794 he received his first grant of 100 acres at Petersham Hill. By 1826 his holdings included his land at Point Piper, 1130 acres at Woollahra (Point Piper Estate), 475 acres at Vaucluse (Vaucluse Estate), and further property in Neutral Bay, Botany Bay, Petersham, Bathurst, Tasmania and city land in George Street.

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Despite this Piper began experiencing financial difficulties and in 1826 he raised a mortgage of £20,000. During 1826-27 enquiries ordered by Governor Darling into the affairs of the Bank of New South Wales and Piper’s financial management as Naval Officer led to Piper resigning his position with the bank and being suspended from his official position. The findings suggested mismanagement of affairs rather than any dishonesty on Piper’s part.

Faced with the disgrace Piper decided on a drastic course of action. He made his will and invited his closest friends to dinner at Henrietta Villa. After dinner Piper excused himself and ordered his crew to row him outside the Heads. While the crew (who doubled as Piper’s orchestra) played, Piper threw himself overboard whereupon he was rescued and returned to his villa by the crew.

Abandoning any further attempts at ending his life, Piper settled his debts, selling most of his property including Henrietta Villa at Point Piper, and the Vaucluse and the Point Piper Estates. The Point Piper Estate was conveyed to the partnership of Daniel Cooper and Solomon Levey in 1826, while in 1827 the Vaucluse Estate was sold to William Charles Wentworth and the Point Piper property to Daniel Cooper.

Life after Henrietta Villa Piper and his family retired from Point Piper to their country property Alloway Bank at Bathurst. However despite involving himself in agricultural pursuits and becoming an important figure in the town, by 1832 he was selling the remainder of his land in Sydney and the drought of 1838 forced him to mortgage the Bathurst property. The depression that followed saw Piper selling the property for only a few hundred pounds. Friends helped re-establish Piper and his family on a 500 acre property, Westbourne, beside the Macquarie River, while ensuring that it was secured for Mary Ann and the children.

John Piper died at Westbourne on 8 June 1851 aged 78. Mary Ann remained at the property until her death twenty years later. Piper’s dream home Henrietta Villa was demolished in the 1850s to make way for the building of Sir Daniel Cooper’s new Point Piper villa, Woollahra House.

Legacy John Piper was a personable and much liked figure in early Sydney society. As a member of the NSW Corps and as a public servant he played an important role in the civil and commercial activities of the time. He was generous to all and a charming and affable host.

John Piper has left memories and real reminders of his life at Henrietta Villa as the first grantee of land in the suburb bearing his name and in the road he laid out to his home, known for many years as the Point Piper Road. Images and stories of John Piper, Henrietta Villa and the activities that took place there have contributed to the history of the district since Europeans arrived.

Sources  Binney, Keith, Horsemen of the first frontier (1788-1900) and serpents legacy, Volcanic Productions [2005  Broomham, Rosemary, The Coopers of Woollahra: Land dealings on the Point Piper Estate 1820-1920, Woollahra Council, 2001.  Crosson, R.B., ‘Captain John Piper and Henrietta Villa’, Woollahra History and Heritage Society Briefs, No.4.  Eldershaw, M Barnard, The Life and times of Captain John Piper, Ure Smith, Sydney, 1973.  Griffiths, Nesta, Point Piper, past and present, Ure Smith, Sydney, 1970.

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 Historical Records of Australia, Series 1, Vol .VIII, p.29, Vol. X, p.565  Karskens, Grace, The Colony: a history of early Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 2009  Lycett, Joseph, Views in Autsralia, London, 1824.  Marjorie Barnard, ‘Piper, John (1773–1851)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/piper- john-2552/text3449, published first in hardcopy 1967.  Proudfoot, Helen, ‘Captain Piper and Henrietta Villa’, Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, Vol.59 pt.3, 1973.  Statham, Pamela, ed., A Colonial Regiment new sources relating the New South Wales Corps 1789-1810, 1992

5. List of Woollahra Local Government Area addresses associated with the subject being proposed, with dates of occupation or association:

Henrietta Villa, Point Piper: 1816-1827: Henrietta Villa was built by John Piper, the foundation stone laid 1816, the Piper family moved in to the completed house in 1822, and the villa sold to Daniel Cooper in 1827 with Piper and family moving to Bathurst.

Henrietta Villa was demolished in the 1850s to make way for Woollahra House. Woollahra House was demolished in the 1920s. Woollahra House stood on land that is now bound by Longworth Avenue and Wunulla Road, Point Piper. See below lots 14-23 of the subdivision plan of ‘Woollahra House and Grounds’, 1929. (The stables for Woollahra House still stand at 4 Longworth Avenue (Wyuna Court) – these were not the stables for Henrietta Villa which stood closer to the harbour’s edge on Rose Bay, also demolished).

A suitable place for a plaque may therefore be on the block that bound Woollahra House and previously Henrietta Villa –along Longworth Avenue or Wunulla Road.

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Subdivision plan of Woollahra House and Grounds, 1929

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Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme: Nikolai Nikolaevich de Miklouho-Maclay Any Concerns : A reference traced in the course of research alleging that NMM was a practicing paedophile

Identification of exceptional circumstances :

1. Name of the person or historical event proposed Nikolai Nikolaevich de Miklouho-Maclay 2. Birth and death dates 17 July 1846 – 14 April 1888 3. Reasons why the nominated person deserves a plaque Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay contributed significantly to the body of western scientific knowledge through his study and documentation of the natural world in areas not previously opened up to research. Perhaps more importantly, Maclay contributed to western understanding of human diversity and its meaning, through his writings on the traditional communities he studied for extended periods of time, in regions then little known to western scholarship. Maclay used both his experiences and his learned skills in scientific survey as a basis to challenge the prevailing social Darwinism of his era, and to give public voice to the adverse impacts of colonialism Apart from the large body of published works and unpublished papers that attest to his energy and his dedication to a diverse range of studies and interests, Nikolai’s life and work has lived on through the high esteem in which his fellow countrymen have held him. In Russia, he has been revered as scientist, explorer and humanitarian, and his name has been given to streets, rivers, sea vessels, academic institutions and scholarships. In Sydney, tangible evidence of his extended visit survives at Laing’s Point, where the building which functioned as a Marine Biological Station, established through his efforts, remains and is protected under heritage law. As well as this, a collection of artefacts, writings and drawings arising from his work is held at the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. A less quantifiable legacy was the impetus which his presence in the colony gave to the local scientific community at a seminal time. Viewed as an individual, rather than as a scholarly achiever and a public advocate for human rights, Maclay’s character is both more complex, and more questionable. Biographical accounts have ranged from those which enumerate his achievements to those which present less of an homage and more of a rounded portrait. It is in the latter that the divergence between stated principles and personal practice is demonstrated by various episodes in Maclay’s life story. Commentary on his writing has noted too, that he was clearly self-absorbed and often self-aggrandising, although not necessarily self-serving. Perhaps the most disturbing suggestion to tarnish the personal standing of Nikolai de Miklouho Macly is a claim of his unchecked pedophilia, asserted in a published work, Taina Maklai (Maclay’s Secret) by Boris Nosik, Moskva Raduga 2001. Nikolai battled health problems for much of his adult life, dying aged 41. That he achieved so much in the face of such limiting factors, is in itself remarkable.

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4. Information about the nominated person’s life and achievements

Family background, early education and life in Russia Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklouho was born on 17th July, 1846 (4th July, according to the Julian calendar) at Rozhdestvenskoye, Russia, the son of Nikolai Ilich Miklouho, a railway engineer and his wife, Ekaterina Semyonovna (nee Bekker). While his father was Ukrainian, Nikolai’s mother was of Polish-Russian heritage. Nikolai was the second-born of a family of five, with three brothers - Sergei, Vladimir and Mikhail - and one sister, Olga. His sister’s death from typhus, in 1882 during one of Nikolai’s many long periods of travel, haunted him, and he suffered an irrational remorse for his absence. According to family account, Nikolai’s father, Nikolai Ilich Miklouho was an hereditary nobleman, an entitlement which stemmed from his Cossack ancestry - specifically from the military achievements of a Cossack forbear who had distinguished himself during the Russo-Turkish War (1787-1792) at the storming of the Turkish stronghold Ochakov. In recognition, the Cossack Major was granted a title by Catherine II (the Great). The validity of this title has been queried by some writers, who suggested it may have been a fiction invented by the widowed Ekaterina, after Nikolai Ilich’s untimely death, to gain assistance with the education of her fatherless children. Nikolai Nikolaevich’s own name evolved over time. In 1868 he annexed the Scottish surname ‘Maclay’ to the Zaporozhian Cossack surname of his birth. Among Miklouho-Maclay’s biographers there has been much conjecture as to the reason behind this, without any unequivocal conclusion having been reached to explain it.59 Most speculation has come to rest on a real or supposed Scottish connection, although there has been a suggestion that this addition was an contrivance based on the Ukrainian rendering of Nikolai’s second name as Mekolaj – translating into an approximation of “Macalay”. It was, of the various nominal possibilities, the name which Nikolai used during his period of exploration and scientific investigation to distinguish his discoveries – hence the Maclay Coast of Papua New Guinea, and the names of a number of marine creatures which he was eligible to mark in his own honour. The title ‘Baron’ was bestowed upon Nikolai by the usage of various local officials as he travelled throughout Asia and the Pacific, apparently in deference to his Russian nobility. Eventually Maclay adopted the title formally. Nikolai’s father died in 1857, when he was only eleven. One biographer has noted that Nikolai and his brothers recalled their late father as “strict but just, attentive to their education, artistic, intellectual as well as practical” – but notes also that his memory appears to have slipped readily from his second son’s mind, Nikolai carrying other family portraits on his travels but not his father’s, and noting that he put his emphasis on the name Miklouho rather than Maclay. However else the loss of Nikolai Ilich’s might have affected his wife and children, his death unquestionably reduced the family’s material prospects. The widowed Ekaterina moved her children to St Petersburg, where she put her efforts into ensuring their education, Nikolai receiving his early instruction at home, followed by the Lutheran school of St Anne and then the Second St

59 Paton, Wendy Nikolai: and Australian connections: a brief history of the life and achievements of Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklouho-Maclay. Syd., WMC, 1996 p. 9.

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Petersburg Gymnasium. Ekaterina also planned what she believed were suitable careers for each of her sons, seeing Nikolai as an engineer, possibly in a factory.60 However, Nikolai’s subsequent formal education foundered early, with his expulsion from the university if St Petersburg after only two months of his studies in the Physico-Mathematics Faculty. The reasons for his expulsion have remained unresolved by biographers, with some suggestion of a possible political involvement being suggested by some sources and rejected by others. What is clear is that the penalty was a severe one, removing his right to enter any other Russian university – although as one biographer has pointed out that for Nikolai “the ban on entrance to Russian universities seemed providential rather than punitive.”61 Nikolai’s departure from the family home to pursue an education in Europe was the first small step in a series of many which would take him away from his homeland, and ensure his absence for most of his short adult life. His returns were mainly brief, visits to publish papers or deliver reports to his sponsors, although he died in Russia, in hospital in St Petersburg on 14 April 1888.

University studies and early travels After the aborted beginnings to his university life in St Petersburg, Nikolai began a period of peripatetic university study, from which it is doubtful which of his courses were sustained to the fruition of formal academic qualification. In 1864 he was studying at the University of Heidelberg in the Faculty of Philosophy, but also attending lectures in chemistry, medicine and natural science; in 1865 he was at Leipzig University where he attended lectures for a term, and between 1866 and 1868 he attended the university of Jena, studying comparative anatomy and zoology.62 The essential restlessness which this program of studies suggests in the young Nikolai’s character would seem to have determined the pattern of his entire life. The broad range of his studies was not in itself without benefits, however, as the scattered fields of knowledge were brought together in his life’s work. Nikolai’s university studies also introduced and fed his thirst for travel, and so his experiences in the European halls of academia were in that sense, life defining. At the University of Jena he was chosen as the assistant of Professor Ernst Haeckel, and in 1866 travelled with Haeckel during a period of field research. Maclay’s fascination with zoology and marine life were cultivated and rewarded by this work in Madeira, the Canary Islands, Morocco and the island of Lanzarote, where he identified a new species of sponge.

The first of his many scientific papers was written in 1867, and related to this work. Field study in Italy and Sicily was followed by further work in parts of the Middle East. By 1869, Miklouho- Maclay was developing an increasing interest in the Pacific, studying firstly the marine life of its northern stretches, but turning increasingly to the study of its people.

Later travels and ethnological studies On 8th November, 1870 Nikolai set sail on an expedition which would separate him from his native Russia for twelve years and would bring him to the Asia-Pacific region. Here lay the scope for his

60 Webster, Elsie May The Moon man : a biography of Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay, Melb. Melb. Univ.Pr 1984.p.1. 61 Op. cit p. 2. 62 Paton Ibid p. 60

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Woollahra Municipal Council Community & Environment Committee Agenda 27 July 2015 emerging passion for anthropological study – in particular, among the people of New Guinea – and for his humanitarian impulses. During the same period, his interest in marine life, and his desire to further its study in new areas, would lead to the foundation of the Sydney Marine Biological Station at Watsons Bay. Nikolai landed at Astrolobe Bay on the north-eastern coast of New Guinea on 20th September, 1871, his first encounter with a territory with which he developed a powerful personal connection, eventually arguing for its preservation from the colonial impulses which he feared would destroy the natural environment and traditional culture he had discovered and explored. From this point, anthropological and ethnological investigation became an increasingly important part of his study of place - complementary to his zoological and geographic surveys, and to which he applied the same systematic and scientific approach. Maclay’s travels throughout the Asia Pacific during the 1870s and early 1880s took him also to Malacca, Micronesia, North Melanesia, the south shores of New Guinea and Papua Koviai, the Philippines, Hong Kong and Singapore and parts of present day Indonesia and Malaysia. Ultimately he drew conclusions, establishing (by the terms of his own studies) an ethnological commonality across the region. From his work and travels during these years, Maclay amassed a wealth of detailed written observations, specifications and artefacts. His natural talent for drawing produced detailed and accurate sketches of many facets of the areas he visited, from zoological discoveries, to landscapes and buildings and – especially – images of individual peoples. In a world where photography was in its infancy, Maclay’s drawings stand as an alternative visual record. There were mishaps by which parts of this huge collection, dispersed between places at different points in Maclay’s peripatetic existence, and sometimes entrusted to the safekeeping of others, were lost. At the conclusion of his life, when his Australian-born and non-Russian speaking wife was charged with the task of burning all his private papers lest they fall into the hands of others, there is a strong likelihood that valuable documentation was inadvertently destroyed. However, what has survived, and has been placed in public collections in Russia and Australia, is both a tribute to this nineteenth century scientist and explorer, and a resource of inestimable worth to historians and to future students following in his investigative paths. The Sydney Biological Station and the Watsons Bay connection On the 18th July, 1878 Nikolai’s travels brought him to Sydney, where his reputation as both scientist and explorer had preceded him. Bearing letters of introduction to various men of mark in the colony, and quickly befriended by fellow scientist Sir William Macleay, Nikolai was introduced from his base at McLeay’s Elizabeth Bay House to the local scientific community. Addressing the Linnean Society within weeks of his arrival in Sydney, Nikolai began the task of securing support from its members for a project in which he had a fervent belief: the establishment of a facility for the study of the local marine life. Nikolai’s inspiration for a scientific research station on the shores of Sydney harbour almost certainly had its genesis in his time spent, ten years earlier, as the guest of zoologist Dr Anton Dohrn, studying the marine life of the Straits of Messina. Dohrn had entertained a vision of a chain of zoological stations stretched around the globe. Miklouho-Maclay’s establishment of the Sydney Biological Station was a small contribution to that dream.

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With the promise of a government grant (provided sufficient private funds were collected) but with the membership of the Linnean Society divided as to fundamental role of the proposed station, Nikolai took control and began personally collecting subscriptions as well as undertaking practical arrangements. He selected a site, on Laing’s Point, near Watsons Bay, and drew up plans for a building. During his absence from Sydney between March, 1879 and January 1881 progress towards the realisation of Nikolai’s project slowed, but the foundation of the Australasian Biological Association, following a public meeting called by Miklouho-Maclay, provided renewed impetus. The Station, built to more modest plans (the work of architect John Kirkpatrick) than those originally drawn by Miklouho-Maclay, was completed by September 1881, and opened in October. On a personal level, the completion of the Biological Station provided Nikolai, its Director, with both a Sydney home and a centre for his research work. The site selected by Nikolai for the Biological Station in 1878 had been set aside for military purposes, and counter to earlier assurances, in March, 1885 the Commanding Officer of the South Head garrison gave notice to the Trustees of the Australasian Biological Association of its ultimate resumption. For over 100 years, the former Station was to function as a military residence. In 1976 the building was nominated for preservation by the National Trust and the Australian Heritage Commission. Today, the Station is part of the Sydney Harbour Federation Trust. Marriage and family life in Australia Nikolai’s ties with the local area were to strengthen with his introduction to Margaret Emma Clark, widow of Robert Clark and daughter of Watsons Bay resident and parliamentarian Sir John Robertson. Robertson had assisted in Nikolai’s quest for government funding for the Sydney Biological Station, and its completion brought the Robertson family and Nikolai together as neighbours. Margaret was the fifth of Sir John’s six daughters – in addition to which he had four sons. Nikolai had little in common with Sir John in background or interests and, as Maclay biographer Elsie May Webster has remarked, ‘to cap it all, he [Sir John] had been premier in 1875 when New South Wales officially asked the British government to annex eastern New Guinea …more than anyone else, Sir John Robertson had caused Maclay to expect the invasion of his country and the extermination of his people.” In his favour, ‘Old Sir Jack’ condemned the traffic of labour.63 For his part, it seems Robertson put up considerable resistance to the possibility of a union between his widowed daughter and his scientist neighbour, placing various obstacles in their path when the inevitable became obvious. Nikolai and Margaret, however, were resolute. The two were married at Clovelly, the Robertson family home, on 27th February 1884. The marriage was a civil ceremony, and in 1887, in Vienna, Nikolai and Margaret were re-married according to the rites of the Russian Orthodox Church when on route to Russia with their children, on the planned visit to his homeland from which Nikolai did not return. Their four year union, cut short by Nikolai’s death in April, 1888, produced two sons: Alexander Nils, born 14th November, 1884 and Vladimir Allan born 29th December, 1886.

63 Webster, E M Ibid p. 265

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For some time after their marriage, Margaret and Nikolai lived at Birchgrove, while he continued to work at the Station. For convenience, the family later resettled at Watsons Bay at Aiva, a house owned by Sir John. Maclay has been noted as being misogynistic and mistrustful of women. His relationship with his mother appears to have been at times controlling, especially when he viewed her, in his impetuous youth, as the unquestioning source of funding for his studies and travels, and unreasonably resented her own spending. After his marriage it seems his need for solitude and space was unhesitatingly accommodated. His study was off-limits to his entire household, Margaret included, and she entered it only after his death to destroy papers under the instructions he had given her64, and not unusually for the era, Maclay’s work remained the central focus of his life. There were long absences which she accepted, just as she did when he conversely decided the family should accompany him. Margaret, however, appears to have been unfailingly devoted, understanding of his need for solitude and space, supportive of his work, and utterly devastated by his loss. Final homecoming and death In 1886, Maclay was in Russia supervising the publication of some of his work, and seeking support at the highest level for his idea of a model colony – a Russian Utopia – in the South Pacific. Negotiations took place with Tsar Alexander III, but the Russian government ultimately rejected the proposal. Maclay returned to Sydney for just nine days before setting sail for Russia again in May 1887 - this time as the head of a family, with Margaret and the boys accompanying him. It was not the homecoming he planned Miklouho-Maclay’s health declined on the sea voyage, and his last months – spent in St Petersburg - were challenged by illness, debilitating pain, penury and multiple difficulties. Always dependent upon funding from others –such as the sponsorship of organisations which believed in his work – Maclay had hoped to support his family on his return to Russia by writing. His failing health made this, too, impossible. His family lacked the reserves to help – or else chose not to – and his wife’s family, who could and would have provided, were no longer at hand. Margaret, isolated and disadvantaged by her lack of Russian, nursed him through most of the decline, but by February Nikolai had been admitted to the Baronet Vylee Clinic, attached to the Military Medical Academy in St Petersburg. He died, aged 41, in hospital on 14th April 1888 (2nd April, according to the Julian calendar) survived by his wife Margaret, his mother Ekaterina (who would outlive him by seventeen years) and his two small sons. Nikolai was buried with his father and sister in the Volkov Cemetery in St Petersburg. Epilogue In late December 1888, Margaret Miklouho-Maclay and her young sons sailed home to Sydney, arriving in Sydney in February 1889. Her departure for Russia in 1887 had been fraught with misgivings due to the frailty and illness of her ageing parents, but both lived to see their daughter and grandsons return. In October 1889 Maclay’s widow donated a large collection of artifacts collected by her late husband to the recently completed Macleay Museum at the University of Sydney, the institution dedicated to Nikolai's Australian friend and colleague, Sir William Macleay and founded upon his family’s natural history collections.

64 Op cit p. 335

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Margaret Miklouho-Maclay died, in 1936, aged 81. Known memorials, plaques, tributes etc: There are numerous statues, monuments and plaques to Nikolai Miklouho across Russia, where he is a household name and respected historical figure – including one in the district of where his mother established a family estate, Malin, Kiev, after Nikolai had began his travels. There are also plaques and statues commemorating him in New Guinea. In Sydney, a bust of Miklouho-Maclay is mounted on a sandstone plinth outside the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney; and in 1988 a plaque was affixed to the Birchgrove home Wyoming, where he lived with Margaret following their marriage. Miklouho Maclay Park in Birchgrove also marks this connection. See also (below) Camp Cove Beach. In memory of both men associated with the Macleay Museum, the University of Sydney in 1988 established the Macleay Miklouho-Maclay Centenary Fellowship, and the inaugural endowment was awarded to Dr Lois Tilbrook in 1990. Sources  de M. Maclay, R W 'Mikluho-Maklai, Nicholai Nicholaievich (1846–1888)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 5, Melb., Melb., Univ., Pr. 1974

 Horley, Paul “Nicolay N Miklouho-Maclay - a great humanist, scientist, and explorer.” Rapa Nui Journal Vol 20 No 2 October 2006

 Macintyre, Martha [review of E M Webster The Moon Man – a biography of Nikolai Miklouho Maclay] in Historical records of Australian Science Vol 6 No 2 December 1985.  Paton, Wendy Nikolai: and Australian connections: a brief history of the life and achievements of Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklouho-Maclay. Syd., WMC, 1996

 Webster, Elsie May The Moon man: a biography of Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay, Melb. Melb. Univ.Pr 1984 5. List of Woollahra Government Area addresses associated with the subject being proposed Pacific Street frontage of the Marine Biological Station, Camp Cove, Watsons Bay, 31 Pacific Street Watsons Bay. NB : On the Camp Cove beachfront, adjacent to the Marine Biological Station, is a series of cast concrete stepping stones in the sand, featuring inscriptions informing about the building and the man, and including a copy of N M-M's signature.

Postscript The following comment has been published by Vladimir Rafailovich Kabo, and is perhaps worth noting as balancing context in response to the allegations apparently contained in Boris Nosik’s book Maclay’s secret. :

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Intellectual life in Russia is passing through a period of ‘overthrowing its idols’. Soviet- era idols have been toppled from their pedestals, both literally and figuratively. There’s a desire to see great people turn out to be just like us, and perhaps even much worse; it’s easier to live that way. The authors painstakingly expose the secret vices of the great. One example is Boris Nosik’s book Maclay’s Secret. Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay was one of the idols of the Soviet epoch. It turns out (or so our author assures us) that he had a secret vice: he was a paedophile. He was driven to New Guinea, the tropical forests of Malacca, the islands of Oceania, not by the passion of a scientific researcher, but by the fear that his secret vice would be exposed in Europe. The facts laid out in the book have long been known, but they don’t testify to Maclay’s depravity. His image has been distorted beyond recognition ad absurdum. There are many such examples in modern-day Russian print.

Australian Slavonic and East European Studies (Vol 22, Nos 1-2, 3.II. 2009):

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Political Donations – matters to be considered by Councillors at Meetings

Matter before Committee or Council Meeting

Did the applicant, owner (if not Action the applicant) or someone close Declare a significant non-pecuniary conflict of Yes to the applicant make a interest, absent yourself from the meeting and take donation in excess of $1,000 no further part in the debate or vote on the matter that directly benefited your (Code of Conduct Cl 4.16(b)) election campaign? (Code of Conduct Cl 4.21)

No

Action Declare a significant non- Do you believe the political Did the applicant or someone pecuniary conflict of interest, Yes contribution creates a significant Yes close to the applicant make a absent yourself from the meeting non-pecuniary conflict of interest donation less than $1,000 that and take no further part in the for you? directly benefited your election debate or vote on the matter (Code of Conduct Cl 4.23) campaign? (Code of Conduct Cl 4.16(b)) (Code of Conduct Cl 4.2)

No No

Action Consider appropriate action required. Yes Action This could include limiting involvement by: Participate in debate and vote on the matter 1. participating in discussion but not in decision making (vote), 2. participating in decision making (vote) but not in the discussion 3. not participating in the discussion or decision making (vote) 4. removing the source of the conflict

Staff to record decision process (motions/amendments) and Division of votes for the Yes determinative resolution or recommendation in the Is the matter before the meeting meeting minutes. a Planning Matter?

No

Staff to record decision process (motions/amendments) and Division of votes for the determinative resolution or recommendation in the meeting minutes.

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