Schizophrenia Bulletin doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx110 Social Identity and Psychosis: Associations and Psychological Mechanisms Jason C. McIntyre*,1 Sophie Wickham2, Ben Barr1, and Richard P. Bentall3 1Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool; 2The Farr Institute @ HeRC, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Liverpool, UK; 3Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. *To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +44 (0)151 794 5613, e-mail:
[email protected] Humans possess a basic need to belong and will join groups symptoms of psychosis, and whether the posited relation- even when they provide no practical benefit. Paranoid ships emerge because identification furnishes people with symptoms imply a disruption of the processes involved in personal self-esteem. Our particular focus is on paranoid belonging and social trust. Past research suggests that symptoms, which are the most common symptom of first joining social groups and incorporating those groups into episode psychosis4 and have been shown to lie on a con- one’s identity (social identification) promotes positive self- tinuum with healthy functioning.5,6 views and better physical and mental health. However, no Epidemiological studies have pointed to specific research has investigated whether social identity is asso- social risk factors for paranoid thinking, such as living ciated with paranoia, nor the mechanisms by which this in deprived neighborhoods,7,8 discrimination,9 paren- effect may emerge. Here, we examined the relationship tal neglect,10 and other kinds of attachment-disrupting between social identity and mental health (paranoia, audi- events in childhood.11,12 Although several psychological tory verbal hallucinations [AVHs], and depression), and models have been proposed to explain how these kinds of tested the mediating role of self-esteem.