International Conference on Traditional Medicine and Phytochemistry (Virtual) In vitro inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Diabetes of Rhanterium adpressum flowers extracts and its constituents analysis by GC-MS

Hadjer BOUSSOUSSAa*, Ihcen KHACHEBAa, Houda Khadidja BENABEDa and Mohamed YOUSFIa

aLaboratoire des sciences fondamentales: Amar Telidji University, Laghouat,

Introduction Results and discussion

Rhanterium adpressum Coss. & Durieu. is a member of the family, commonly known as Arfedj (Chehma et GC-MS result al., 2006). This specie is an endemic and desert found in Algerian Sahara and used in folk medecine as an The results relating to GC-MS analysis (Fig.1) showed anti-diuretic (Quezel et al., 1963; Bouheroum et al., 2007). different phytocompounds in dichloromethane extracts we present here the study of alpha-amylase inhibition and of Rhanterium adpressum flowers. The detected GS-MS analysis of R. adpressum flowers by in vitro test, compounds in the flowers extracts of R. adpressum are

presented in Tables 1 .

Experimental Table 1. GC-MS analysis of phytochemical compounds in extracts of Rhanterium adpressum

Preparation and Analysis of extracts Retention time Structure No. Chemical component Molecular weight (min) formula

1 8.88 2-Heptenal 112 C 7H12O Extraction 2 13.17 2,4-Nonadienal 138 C 9H14O The air dried plant material was extracted using to 3 15.73 (-)-Spathulenol 220 C15H24O 2- 4 16.34 158 C H O solvent dichloromethane and ethylacetate. using Naphthalenemethanol 11 10

Soxhlet apparatus for 6-8 h at 40–50 °C. 5 25.76 alpha.-Amyrin 426 C30H50O The yield was found to be 1.96 and 1.36 % 6 26.02 Lupeol 426 C30H50O 7 26.50 Cedran-diol 238 C 15H26O2 respectively with reference to the dried plant material. α-amylase and α -glucosidase inhibition test GC-MS analysis The GC-MS system was Agilent technologies: 5972, The petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts with an autosampler. A 2 μL of each sample was of R. adpressum were tested for their inhibition injected. Helium was used as carrier gas. effect. The petroleum ether extract showed higher activity than of dichloromethane extract (Fig. 1;), Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase which was similar to acarbose. The inhibition assays of petroleum ether and Figure 1: Effect of PE and DCM extracts from R.adpressum flowers on α- amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. dichloromethane extracts of R. adpressum were

assessed according to Kim et al. (2011). 100 The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was 80 calculated using the following equation: 60 40 Inhibitory activity (%) = [(A0 – As) / A0] x 100 α-amylase A : Absorbance of control without inhibitor Inhibition (%) 20 α-glucosidase 0 0 As : Absorbance of test Sample with inhibitor DCM EA PE DCM: dichloromethane extract ; EA: ethyle acetate extract Conclusion

In this study, chemical composition with GC-MS and in vitro antidiabetic properties of Rhanterium adpressum non polar flowers extracts were determined for the first time comprehensively. The results of GC-MS profile can be used as pharmacognostical tool for the identification of novel drugs from Rhanterium adpressum.. On the light of these experiments, it could be concluded that the different fractions of Rhanterium adpressum flowers exhibited an interesting enzyme inhibitional activity. References Boligon A A , Guilherme Schwanz T, Piana M, Vanessa Bandeira R, Kieling Frohlich J. 2012. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. Leaves, Natural Product Research, (27): 68-71. Bouaziz, M., Dhouib, A., Loukil, S., Boukhris, M., Sayadi, S., 2009. Polyphenolscontent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts of some wild plantscollected from the south of . Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8 (24), 7017– 7110. Boussoussa H, Khacheba I, Djéridane A, Mellah N et Yousfi M. 2016. Antibacterial activity from Rhanterium adpressum flowers extracts, depending on seasonal variations, Industrial Crops and Products; 83: 44-47. Boussoussa, H., Hamia, C., Djeridande, A., Boudjeniba, M., Yousfi, M., 2014. Effect of different solvent polarity on extraction of phenolic compounds from Algerian Rhanterium adpressum flowers and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Curr. Chem. Biol. 8, 1–7. Ceylan R, Katanić J, Zengin G, Matić S, Aktumsek A, Boroja T, Stanić S, Mihailović V,. Guler G.O, Boga M. 2016. Chemical and biological fingerprints of two Fabaceae species (Cytisopsis dorycniifolia and Ebenus hirsuta): Are they novel sources of natural agents for pharmaceutical and food formulations?, Industrial Crops and Products 84: 254-262. Chaturvedi D., Dwivedi PK. 2017. Recent Developments on the Antidiabetic Sesquiterpene Lactones and Their Semisynthetic Analogues in “Discovery and Development of Antidiabetic Agents from Natural Products”. Natural Product Drug Discovery, 185-207. E. L. da Silva C, Minguzzi S, C. L. da Silva R, F. C. Matos M, Tofoli D, João E. de Carvalho, Ana L. T. G. Ruiz, Willian F. da Costa and Simionatto E. 2015. Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of the Root Essential Oil from Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill (Euphorbiaceae). J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 26, No. 2, 233-238.1