Birds of Sagarmatha National Park and Its Buffer Zone

Birds of Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone

Sagarmatha National Park Office Namche, Solukhumbu

July 2016 About this Publication: This booklet is the outcome of the ornithological survey of Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) and its Buffer Zone (BZ), conducted in November-December, 2015. The study was carried out under the approved program of SNP for FY 072/73. The financial support for the publication of this booklet comes from the Buffer Zone Program of SNP for FY 072/73.

Survey Team: Mr. Hathan Chaudhary, Naturalist, Nepalese Ornithological Union Mr. Laxman Prasad Poudyal, Ecologist, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) Mr. Bharat Kumar Karki, Game Scout, SNP Mr. Bhup Bahadur Thapa, Game Scout, SNP Mr. Alok Kumar Yadav, Game Scout, SNP

Reviewers: Dr. Maheshwar Dhakal, Deputy Director General, DNPWC Dr. Hem Sagar Baral, Country Manager, ZSL Nepal Mr. Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri, Conservation Officer, BCN

Photo Credits: Cover Photo (Danphe-National Bird of Nepal) ©Sonam Photography. Photo credit to the photos of the birds is given in the photo itself. The photos of the birds, where the photo credit is not mentioned, are downloaded from Google Images.

Citation: SNP, 2016. Birds of Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation/Sagarmatha National Park Office, Namche, Solukhumbu, Nepal. 2 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation

D e M n i n o p n G l io ti a is o a t a rt tr ve ep a v m y rnment of N rv r e of se se nt Fo on n o rests Soil C Co f N and fe atio ildli Date : July 25, 2016 nal Parks and W 2037 Foreword

Sagarmatha National Park is an area of global significance in terms of avifaunal diversity as it represents the ecosystems from the highest point of the earth's surface. SNP is also important for the earth's evolutionary history, which is one of the most interesting regions geologically. Moreover, this area endowed with natural and cultural values, has been qualified to be included in the list of World Heritage Sites.

I am pleased to know that SNP team has come up with this publication out of the ornithological survey conducted in SNP and its BZ under the regular program of the Government of Nepal for FY 072-73. The hard work of the survey team and the substantial support by the experts from this field in reviewing the manuscript has been instrumental in bringing this booklet in this shape. DNPWC strongly supports this type of initiative and looks forward to promoting it in future too.

I congratulate SNP team for their tireless effort in bringing out this very useful booklet regarding the birds of SNP and its BZ. I am confident that this booklet will be helpful for the national park authority for better management of the avifaunal diversity of the park and its buffer zone. Likewise, this publication is expected to serve as a field guide for those interested in bird watching in Everest region.

Krishna Prasad Acharya Director General

G.P.O. Box: 860, Kathmandu, Nepal. Tel. 01-4227926, Fax : 01-4227675 www.dnpwc.gov.np iiii ivI Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation

D M e n n p in io Sagarmathaa NationalG l io Parkt Office is o a t a rt tr ve ep a v m y rnment of N rv r e of se se nt Fo on n o rests Soil C Co f N and fe atio ildli Sa nal Pa and W e ga rks ffic rma k O tha National Par Date : July 25, 2016

Acknowledgements Many organizations and individuals have contributed in many ways in bringing out this publication in this form. First, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Mr. Krishna Prasad Acharya, DG, DNPWC for his continuous support and guidance in publishing this booklet. Likewise, I am grateful to Mr. Gopal Prakash Bhattrai, DDG, DNPWC for the encouragement and also for his feedback on the first draft of this booklet. I am indebted to the reviewers of the booklet Dr. Maheshwar Dhakal, DDG, DNPWC, Dr. Hem Sagar Baral, Country Manager, ZSL Nepal and Mr. Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri, Conservation Officer, BCN for their valuable inputs. I would like to thank Mr. Hathan Chaudhary, Naturalist, Nepalese Ornithological Union and Mr. Laxman Prasad Poudyal, then Conservation Officer, SNP for their time and effort to successfully complete the field work and alsofor preparing the first draft of the report. Likewise, Game Scouts of SNP Mr. Bhup Bahadur Thapa, Mr. Bharat Kumar Karki and Mr. Alok Kumar Yadav deserve special appreciation for their assistance during this survey. Last but not the least, I would like to thank Mr. Nawaraj Chapagain for his support in updating the map of SNP and its BZ which is used in this publication. I hope this booklet will be a useful guide to park staff as well as visitors of Sagarmatha National Park, a World Heritage property.

Ganesh Pant Chief Conservation Officer

Namche, Solukhumbu, Nepal. Tel: 038-540114, Fax : 038-540395 www.sagarmathanationalpark.gov.np

iiv Acronyms

BCN Bird Conservation Nepal BZ Buffer Zone Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of CITES Wild Fauna and Flora DDG Deputy Director General DG Director General DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation EN Endangered FY Fiscal Year GoN Government of Nepal IBA Important Bird and Biodiversity Area IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MFSC Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation NOU Nepalese Ornithological Union SNP Sagarmatha National Park VU Vulnerable ZSL Zoological Society of London

iiivi Summary Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) is one of the protected areas of Nepal, which has been inscribed as World Heritage Site since 1979. The park is also rich in biodiversity including avifaunal diversity. The ornithological survey conducted during 1990s had recorded 194 species of birds from SNP. Later, sightings of 22 additional species of the birds were reported from SNP and its BZ. In order to update the existing information on birds of SNP and its BZ, the bird survey was carried out during November- December, 2015. Mackinnon’s list and direct count methods were used to survey the birds. The study methods involved recording the birds walking on identified routes. A total of 86 bird species were recorded from 37 Mackinnon's lists during the field survey. The survey has recorded three new species of birds from the study area viz. Black-necked Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis), Maroon-backed Accentor (Prunella immaculata) and Tibetan Serin (Serinus thibetanus). Thus, there are 219 species of birds belonging to 32 families recorded so far in SNP and its BZ.

viiiv Table of Contents

Foreword i

Acknowledgements ii

Acronyms iii

Summary iv

Table of Contents v

Introduction 1

Rationale 1

Objectives 2

Study Methods 2

Results 3

Bird Diversity 3

New Species of Birds for Sagarmatha National Park 3

Biome-restricted Assemblage 4

Checklist of Birds of Sagarmatha National Park and its 4 Buffer Zone References 53

Annexes 55

v Introduction The rich diversity of avifauna in Nepal has been revealed by the recording of 878 species of birds in the country (BCN and DNPWC 2012). The country’s unique geography, with dramatic changes in elevation along the relatively short north south transect, and associated variability in the physiographic and climatic conditions have resulted extremely rich diversity of flora and fauna in Nepal. Other important climatic factors such as rainfall, winter snowfall, temperature, and aspect also have influence on biodiversity (MFSC 2014).

Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) is the best of the best area with splendid mountains, glaciers and deep valleys dominated by Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world (8,848 m) which harbours several rare and threatened mammalian species such as Snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Musk Deer (Moschus species), Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens), Himalayan Black Bear (Selenarctos thibetanus), Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), Common Leopard (Panthera pardus), Pika (Ochotona royeli) and so on (SNP 2016).

Among the birds, Wood Snipe (Gallinago nemoricola), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Himalayan Griffon Gyps ( himalayensis), Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus), Satyr Tragopan (Tragopan satyra), Ferruginous Pochard (Aythya nyroca) and Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) are some of the threatened species. Danphe (Lophophorus impejanus)- the National bird of Nepal, Blood Pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus), Large-billed Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax), Yellow-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus), Snow Pigeon (Columba leuconata), Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa) and Oriental Skylark (Alauda gulgula) are some of the commonly seen bird species in SNP and its BZ.

Rationale The park has large temperate forest and alpine areas. These support significant populations of characteristic bird species of the Sino-Himalayan Temperate Forest and Eurasian High Montane biomes of Eastern Himalaya including the globally threatened Wood Snipe that may breed in alpine meadows. The ornithological study conducted during 1990s had recorded 194 species of birds in Sagarmatha National Park (Basnet 2004).

Subsequently, sightings of additional 22 species of birds in SNP and its BZ were reported from various published as well as unpublished sources (Giri and Choudhary 1996, Giri et al. 1998, Inskipp and Inskipp, 1998, Halberg 2002, Malling Olsen 2004, Giri and Choudhary 2005, Inskipp 2006, Thewlis et al. 2009, Magar 2014, Katuwal et al., 2016). However, the survey to update the checklist of the birds in SNP and its BZ was not conducted for a long time. 1 An updated checklist of birds with their distribution and abundance is important for the long-term conservation and management of biodiversity in the park. Thus, the bird survey was carried out during November-December, 2015 to document the birds of SNP and its BZ for supplementing information to the existing knowledge.

Objectives The general objective of this study was to update the existing information on birds of Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone. The specific objectives were . To conduct the bird survey in the Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone . To prepare a list of bird species observed during winter season in Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone

Study Methods Mackinnon’s list and direct count methods were used to survey the birds. The study methods involved recording the birds walking on identified routes and camping stations within Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone. These routes cover the assemblage of different habitat types i.e. human settlement and cultivated lands, temperate mixed-forests, sub-alpine conifer forests, and broadleaved forest, alpine shrubs, grasslands and nival zone, altitude ranges from 2,300 m to 5,400 m. Table - 1: Bird Survey Area Route No. Areas Included 1 Surke, Lukla, Chaurikharka, Phakding, Jorsale 2 Jorsale, Namche, Syangboche 3 Namche, Thamo , Thame valley 4 Namche, Sanesa, Tashinga, Tengboche, Debuche, Pangboche 5 Somare, Dingboche, Chhukung, Lobuche, Gorakshep, Everest Basecamp, Dzongla, Cho-la pass 6 Thangnang, Gokyo lake, Gokyo-Ri, Dole, Mongla danda 7 Khumjung valley

All birds seen and heard were recorded using the Mackinnon’s species richness counting method as described by Bibby et al. 2000. Binoculars (Viking 10×42, Nikon Action 8x40, Leica 8x20, Pentax 8x40), and field guide Birds of Nepal (Grimmett et al. 2000, Fleming et al. 1984) and Birds of the 2 Indian Subcontinent (Grimmettet al. 2000) were used to identify the species. Bird names mostly follow the Red Data Book of Birds of Nepal (Inskipp et al. 2016).

Results Bird Diversity A total of 86 bird species were recorded from 37 Mackinnon's lists during the field survey. The survey covered almost all types of habitats using seven different routes in different sections of the national park and itsbuffer zone. The details of the birds recorded during the survey conducted during November-December, 2015 are given in Table 2. Figure - 1: Species Richness Curve

100 - Total, 37, 86 90 80 70 60 50 40 30

Number of Bird Species Bird of Number 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637 Number of Lists Taken

New Species of Birds for Sagarmatha National Park The survey has recorded three new species of birds for Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone which are as follows. . Black-necked Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis): Two birds were seen diving and feeding at Gokyo Lake 4,800m on 5 December, 2015, this species is a rare winter visitor and passage migrant in Nepal. . Maroon-backed Accentor (Prunella immaculata): Ten birds were seen feeding on open ground at Furte near Furte Post (Between Thamo and Namche) on 25, 27 and 28 November, 2015. . Tibetan Serin (Serinus thibetanus): A group of 12 birds were observed feeding on birch tree at Debuche area on 29 November, 2015. 3 Biome-restricted Assemblage A total of 47 species belonging to three BIOMES were recorded. Out of these 47 species of birds, 29 species were belonging to BIOME 07: Sino- Himalayan Temperate Forest followed by 17 species of BIOME 05: Eurasian High Montane (Alpine and Tibetan zone) and one species of BIOME 08: Sino Himalayan Subtropical Forest.

Checklist of Birds of Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone There are 219 species of birds belonging to 32 families recorded so far in Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone. The updated checklist of the birds of Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone is presented in Annex I of this booklet. The table in Annex II presents the summary of the status of the bird species in SNP and its BZ. Danphe/Himalayan Monal and Satyr Tragopan are the birds included in appendix I of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 (1973) as protected species of birds in Nepal. There are 4, 20 and one species of birds recorded in SNP and its BZ included in CITES Appendix I, II and III respectively. Danphe, Tibetan Snowcock, Imperial Eagle and Peregrine Falcon are CITES Appendix I species of birds recorded in SNP and its BZ. Likewise, there are three Vulnerable (Common Pochard, Wood Snipe, Imperial Eagle) and one Endangered (Steppe Eagle) species of birds of SNP and its BZ included in IUCN Red List.

4 Table - 2: Details of Birds recorded during Survey

Route

SN English Name Scientific Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abundance No. of Birds

1 Alpine Accentor5 Prunella collaris √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 14 186 Prunella 2 Altai Accentor √ √ 7 64 himalayana Ashy-throated Phylloscopus 3 √ 6 9 Warbler7 maculipennis

4 Bar-throated Siva7 Minla strigula √ 1 3 Beautiful Carpodacus 5 √ √ √ √ √ √ 23 167 Rosefinch5 pulcherrimus Accipiter 6 Besra √ 1 1 virgatus 7 Black Kite Milvus migrans √ 1 2 Black-faced 8 Garrulax affinis √ √ √ √ √ 17 72 Laughingthrush7 Black-necked Podiceps 9 √ 2 2 Grebe nigricollis Aegithalos 10 Black-throated Tit8 √ 10 17 concinnus Black-throated Turdus 11 √ √ √ √ 5 16 Thrush atrogularis Black-winged Montifringilla 12 √ 3 76 Snowfinch5 adamsi Ithaginis 13 Blood Pheasant7 √ √ √ √ √ 8 33 cruentus Blue Whistling Myophonus 14 √ √ √ √ 18 3 Thrush caeruleus Blue-capped Phoenicurus 15 √ 1 62 Redstart7 coeruleocephalus Blue-fronted Phoenicurus 16 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 23 10 Redstart frontalis

5 © Hathan Chaudhary

1. Alpine Accentor -lxdfnL n]sr/L_ Prunella collaris

2. Altai Accentor -cNtfO{ n]sr/L_ Prunella himalayana

6 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

3. Ashy-throated Warbler -km';|f]s07] lkm:6]_ Phylloscopus maculipennis

4. Bar-throated Siva -lzj ldGnf_ Minla strigula

7 5. Beautiful Rosefinch -lemaL ltt'_ Carpodacus pulcherrimus

6. Besra -a];/f_ Accipiter virgatus

8 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

7. Black Kite -sfnf] rLn_ Milvus migrans

8. Black-faced Laughingthrush -sfg6f6] tf]/LufF8f_ Garrulax affinis

9 9. Black-necked Grebe -sfnLs07 8'a'NsL r/f_ Podiceps nigricollis

10. Black-throated Tit -sfnLs07] /fhlrlrNsf]6]_ Aegithalos concinnus

10 11. Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis

12. Black-winged Snowfinch -rfFbLk+v] lxpFr/L_ Montifringilla adamsi

11 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

13. Blood Pheasant -lrlnd]_ Ithaginis cruentus

14. Blue Whistling Thrush -sNrf}+8]_ Myophonus caeruleus

12 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

15. Blue-capped Redstart -wf]lagL v~h/L_ Phoenicurus coeruleocephalus

16. Blue-fronted Redstart -gLn6fps] v~h/L_ Phoenicurus frontalis

13 Route

SN English Name Scientific Name Birds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 No. of Abundance

Brandt's Leucosticte 17 √ 1 15 Mountain Finch5 brandti 18 Brown Dipper Cinclus pallasii √ √ √ √ √ √ 10 5 Buff-barred Phylloscopus 19 √ 2 26 Warbler pulcher Chestnut-crowned Garrulax 20 √ √ 5 254 Laughingthrush erythrocephalus 21 Coal Tit Parus ater √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 25 22 Falco 22 Common Kestrel √ √ √ √ 8 18 tinnunculus 23 Common Raven Corvus corax √ √ √ 6 1 Crimson-breasted Dendrocopos 24 √ 2 67 Woodpecker cathpharius

Dark-throated Turdus ruficollis 25 √ √ √ √ 8 15 Thrush

Eurasian Sparrow 26 Accipiter nisus √ √ 2 2 hawk Eurasian Tree Passer 27 √ √ √ √ 19 114 Sparrow montanus Eurasian Certhia 28 √ √ √ √ 12 24 Treecreeper hodgsoni 29 Goldcrest Regulus regulus √ √ √ √ √ 9 21 Aquila 30 Golden Eagle √ √ 3 4 chrysaetos Grandala 31 Grandala5 √ √ √ 6 42 coelicolor Great Crested Podiceps 32 √ 3 2 Grebe cristatus Carpodacus Great Rosefinch5 √ 33 rubicilla 1 29 Green Shrike Pteruthius √ 34 Babbler7 xanthochlorus 1 2 14 17. Brandt's Mountain Finch -WafF;] 6fps] ltt'eFu]/f_ Leucosticte brandti

18. Brown Dipper -v}/f] j~h'n_ Cinclus pallasii

15 19. Buff-barred Warbler -;'Gtn]/]vL lkm:6f]_ Phylloscopus pulcher

20. Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush -s6';6fps] tf]/LufF8f_Garrulax erythrocephalus

16 21. Coal Tit -;fgf] km';|] lrlrNsf]6]_ Parus ater

22. Common Kestrel -af}+8fO{_ Falco tinnunculus

17 23. Common Raven -/fhf sfu_ Corvus corax

24. Crimson-breasted Woodpecker -/ftf]5ftL sfi7s'6_ Dendrocopos cathpharius

18 25. Dark-throated Thrush -sfnf]s07] rfFr/_ Turdus ruficollis

26. Eurasian Sparrowhawk -jgafh_ Accipiter nisus

19 27. Eurasian Tree Sparrow -?v eFu]/f_ Passer montanus

28. Eurasian Treecreeper -;]tf]k]6] 5]kf/]r/L_ Certhia hodgsoni

20 29. Goldcrest -:j0f{r'n lkm:6f]_ Regulus regulus

30. Golden Eagle -;'k0f{ dxfrLn_ Aquila chrysaetos

21 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

31. Grandala -lxdfnL u|f08nf_ Grandala coelicolor

32. Great Crested Grebe -l;p/] 8'a'NsLr/f_ Podiceps cristatus

22 © Rajendra Gurung

33. Great Rosefinch -/fhltt'_ Carpodacus rubicilla

34. Green-shrike Babbler -xl/t eb|fO{Eofs'/_ Pteruthius xanthochlorus

23 Route

SN English Name Scientific Name Birds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 No. of Abundance Parus 35 Green-backed Tit7 √ √ √ 12 56 monticolus Green-tailed Aethopyga 36 √ 1 1 Sunbird nipalensis Motacilla 37 Grey Wagtail √ 2 1 cinerea

38 Grey-crested Tit7 Parus dichrous √ √ √ √ √ √ 22 134

Grey-hooded Seicercus 39 √ 6 8 Warbler xanthoschistos Tarsiger Himalayan 40 (cyanurus) √ √ 3 3 Bluetail rufilatus Himalayan Gyps 41 √ √ √ √ √ √ 21 101 Griffon5 himalayensis Danphe/ Lophophorus 42 √ √ √ √ √ 19 97 Himalayan Monal7 impejanus Hodgson's Phoenicurus 43 √ 2 2 Redstart5 hodgsoni Lophura 44 Kalij Pheasant √ 2 4 leucomelanos Gypaetus 45 Lammergeier √ √ √ 8 9 barbatus Corvus 46 Large-billed Crow √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 36 547 macrorhynchos 47 Little Forktail Enicurus scouleri √ √ √ √ 5 4 Maroon-backed Prunella 48 √ √ 3 17 Accentor7 immaculata Nepal House Delichon 49 √ 1 50 Martin7 nipalensis 50 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni √ 1 2 Oriental Turtle Streptopelia 51 √ 2 3 Dove orientalis Plain Mountain Leucosticte 52 √ √ √ √ √ 13 594 Finch5 nemoricola

24 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

35. Green-backed Tit -xl/of] lrlrNsf]6]_ Parus monticolus

36. Green-tailed Sunbird -g]kfn a]r/f_ Aethopyga nipalensis

25 37. Grey Wagtail -km';|f] l6sl6s]_ Motacilla cinerea

38. Grey-crested Tit -km';|f]h'/] lrlrNsf]6]_ Parus dichrous

26 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

39. Grey-hooded Warbler -t'd'nsf/L lkm:6f]_ Seicercus xanthoschistos

40. Himalayan Bluetail -;'Gtnfsf]v] /lag_ Tarsiger (cyanurus) rufilatus

27 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

41. Himalayan Griffon -lxdfnL lu4_ Gyps himalayensis

42. Danphe/ Himalayan Monal -8fFkm]_ Lophophorus impejanus

28 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

43. Hodgson's Redstart -tgsDk v~h/L_ Phoenicurus hodgsoni

44. Kalij Pheasant -sflnh_ Lophura leucomelanos

29 45. Lammergeier -xf8kmf]/_ Gypaetus barbatus

46. Large-billed Crow -sfnf] sfu_ Corvus macrorhynchos

30 47. Little Forktail -u+uf vf]n]wf]lagL_ Enicurus scouleri

48. Maroon-backed Accentor -kf08'gogL n]sr/L_ Prunella immaculata

31 49. Nepal House Martin -g]kfn eL/uf}ynL_ Delichon nipalensis

50. Olive-backed Pipit -?v r'OofF_ Anthus hodgsoni

32 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

51. Oriental Turtle Dove -tfd] 9's'/_ Streptopelia orientalis

52. Plain Mountain Finch -ltt' eFu]/f_ Leucosticte nemoricola

33 Route

SN English Name Scientific Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abundance No. of Birds

Plumbeous Water Rhyacornis 53 √ √ 10 9 Redstart fuliginosus Pyrrhocorax 54 Red-billed Chough √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 30 731 pyrrhocorax Red-headed Pyrrhulaery- 55 √ √ 3 32 Bullfinch7 throcephala Prunella 56 Robin Accentor5 √ √ √ √ 12 97 rubeculoides Tadorna 57 Ruddy Shelduck √ 2 10 ferruginea Heterophasia 58 Rufous Sibia7 √ √ 6 8 capistrata Rufous-breasted Prunella 59 √ √ √ √ √ 10 35 Accentor7 strophiata Parus 60 Rufous-vented Tit7 √ √ √ √ √ 18 118 rubidiventris Rusty-flanked Certhia 61 √ 3 5 Treecreeper7 nipalensis 62 Snow Partridge5 Lerwa lerwa √ √ √ 2 6 Columba 63 Snow Pigeon5 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 25 451 leuconota Gallinago 64 Solitary Snipe5 √ 1 1 solitaria Speckled Wood Columba 65 √ 1 6 Pigeon7 hodgsonii Enicurus 66 Spotted Forktail √ 2 1 maculatus Spotted Garrulax 67 √ √ 2 4 Laughingthrush7 ocellatus Spotted Nucifraga 68 √ √ √ √ √ √ 17 37 Nutcracker caryocatactes Streaked Garrulax 69 √ √ √ 10 47 Laughingthrush7 lineatus Serinus 70 Tibetan Serin7 √ 1 12 thibetanus

34 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

53. Plumbeous Water Redstart -gLnfDa/ hnv~h/L_ Rhyacornis fuliginosus

54. Red-billed Chough -6'Ëf_ Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

35 55. Red-headed Bullfinch -/ftf]6fps] l6pFl6pF_ Pyrrhula erythrocephala

56. Robin Accentor -/lag n]sr/L_ Prunella rubeculoides

36 © Jyotendra Jyu Thakuri

57. Ruddy Shelduck -rv]jf_ Tadorna ferruginea

58. Rufous Sibia -l;laof_ Heterophasia capistrata

37 59. Rufus-breasted Accentor -d';] n]sr/L_ Prunella strophiata

60. Rufous-vented Tit -;]tf]ub{g] lrlrNsf]6]_ Parus rubidiventris

38 61. Rusty-flanked Treecreeper -s}nf]sf]v] 5]kf/]r/L_ Certhia nipalensis

62. Snow Partridge -n/jfg_ Lerwa lerwa

39 63. Snow Pigeon -lxdfnL dn]jf_ Columba leuconota

64. Solitary Snipe -efsf{ rfxf_ Gallinago solitaria

40 65. Speckled Wood Pigeon -l5/la/] jgk/]jf_ Columba hodgsonii

66. Spotted Forktail -yf]Kn] vf]n]wf]lagL_ Enicurus maculatus

41 67. Spotted Laughingthrush -d'Fbfn] tf]/LufF8f_ Garrulax ocellatus

68. Spotted Nutcracker -jg;/f{_ Nucifraga caryocatactes

69. Streaked Laughingthrush -l5s]{ tf]/LufF8f_ Garrulax lineatus

70. Tibetan Serin -ef]6 l;:sLg_ Serinus thibetanus

43 Route

SN English Name Scientific Name Birds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 No. of Abundance

Tibetan Tetraogallus 71 √ √ 5 120 Snowcock5 tibetanus Tichodroma 72 Wallcreeper5 √ 1 1 muraria Whistler's Seicercus 73 √ 2 1 Warbler whistleri White-browed Alcippe 74 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 31 245 Fulvetta7 vinipectus White-browed Carpodacus 75 √ √ √ √ 7 12 Rosefinch7 thura White-capped Chaimarrornis 76 √ √ √ 11 7 redstart leucocephalus White-collared Turdus 77 √ 2 8 Blackbird7 albocinctus White-tailed Sitta 78 √ 3 6 Nuthatch7 himalayensis White-throated Phoenicurus 79 √ √ √ √ √ √ 20 44 Redstart7 schisticeps White-winged Mycerobas 80 √ √ √ √ √ √ 20 109 Grosbeak7 carnipes White-winged Phoenicurus 81 √ √ 6 19 Redstart5 erythrogaster Troglodytes 82 Winter Wren √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 34 91 troglodytes Yellow-billed Blue Urocissa 83 √ 6 8 Magpie7 flavirostris Yellow-billed Pyrrhocorax 84 √ √ 6 176 Chough graculus Yellow-breasted Carduelis 85 √ √ 4 39 Greenfinch7 spinoides Yellow-browed Sylviparus 86 √ 4 25 Tit7 modestus

Note: 5- Biome 05: Eurasian High Montane (Alpine and Tibetan), 7- Biome 07: Sino- Himalayan Temperate Forest, 8- Biome 08: Sino-Himalayan Sub-tropical Forest.

71. Tibetan Snowcock -sf]ª\df lxpFs'v'/f_ Tetraogallus tibetanus

72. Wallcreeper -d'/f/L k'tnLr/f_ Tichodroma muraria

73. Whistler's Warbler -;';]nL lkm:6f]_ Seicercus whistleri

74. White-browed Fulvetta -kLtgog km'na'§f_ Alcippe vinipectus

75. White-browed Rosefinch -k+vyf]Kn] 7"nf]ltt'_ Carpodacus thura

76. White-capped Redstart -;]tf]6fps] hnv~h/L_ Chaimarrornis leucocephalus

47 77. White-collard Blackbird -s07] rfFr/_ Turdus albocinctus

78. White-tailed Nuthatch -kxf8L d§f_ Sitta himalayensis

79. White-throated Redstart -;]tf]s07] v~h/L_ Phoenicurus schisticeps

80. White-winged Grosbeak -w'kL dxfF7"F8]_ Mycerobas carnipes

81. White-winged Redstart -;]tf]k+v] v~h/L_ Phoenicurus erythrogaster

82. Winter Wren -lrqL_ Troglodytes troglodytes

83. Yellow-billed Blue Magpie -;'g7"F8] nfdk'R5«]_ Urocissa flavirostris

84. Yellow-billed Chough -6]d'_ Pyrrhocorax graculus

51 85. Yellow-breasted Greenfinch -ufhn] kLtr/L_ Carduelis spinoides

86. Yellow-browed Tit -rFb'jf lrlrNsf]6]_ Sylviparus modestus

52 References Basnet S, 2004. Birds of Sagarmatha. WWF Nepal Program and Bird Conservation Nepal, Kathmandu.

BCN and DNPWC, 2016. Birds of Nepal: An Official Checklist. Bird Conservation Nepal and Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Bibby, C., Jones, M. and Marsden, S., 2000. Expedition Field Techniques: Bird Surveys. BirdLife International.

Fleming, R. L. Sr., Fleming, R. L. Jr. and Bangdel, L. S., 1984. Birds of Nepal with reference to Kashmir and Sikkim, Avalok Publishers, Kathmandu, Nepal. Giri, T and Choudhary, H., 2005. Additional Sightings! Danphe 14(3/4): 2.

Giri, T. and Choudhary, H., 1996. Additional Sightings! Bird Conservation Nepal Newsletter 5(3):2-3. Giri, T., Choudhary, H. and Tiwary, S., 1998. Additional Sightings! Danphe 7(3/4):2.

Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T., 1998Birds of the Indian Subcontinent. London, UK: Christopher Helm.

Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T., 2000. Birds of Nepal. Prakash Books Depots, New Delhi, India. Halberg, K., 2002. Some Observed Birds in Nepal (Everest area, Helambu, Langtang, Gosainkund, Kathmandu Valley), May and June 2002. Unpublished. 5 pp. http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/ collections/inskipp/2002_004.pdf

Inskipp C., Baral H. S., Phuyal S., Bhatt T. R., Khatiwada M., Inskipp, T, Khatiwada A., Gurung S., Singh P. B., Murray L., Poudyal L. and Amin R., 2016. The Status of Nepal's Birds: The National Red List Series. Zoological Society of London, UK. Inskipp, C and Inskipp, T (1998) Birds of Sagarmatha National Park. Ibisbill 1:3-15. Inskipp, C., 2006. Report on Rare Birds in Nepal 2005. Danphe 15(1): 7-22. Katuwal, H. B., Basnet K., Khanal B., Devkota S., Rai S. K. and Gajurel J. P., 2016. Seasonal Changes in Bird Species and Feeding Guilds along Elevational Gradients of the Central Himalayas, Nepal. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0158362. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158362.

53 Magar, T. G., 2014. Bird List of Sagarmatha National Park. Unpublished. Malling Olsen, K (2004) Nepal–rapport fra 4 rejser. http://www.netfugl.dk/ trip_reports.php?id=list_reports®ion=7

MFSC, 2014. Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2020. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.

SNP, 2016. Management Plan for Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone 2016-2020. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Sagarmatha National Park Office, Namche, Solukhumbu, Nepal. Thewlis, R, Naylor, M and Turner, G., 2009. Everest Trek, November 17th – December 21st 2009. Unpublished . 7pp. http://himalaya.socanth.cam. ac.uk/collections/inskipp/2009_005.pdf http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/ collections/inskipp/2009_006.pdf

54 Annex - I: Checklist of the Birds of Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone

Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name GALLIFORMES Phasianidae Danphe/Himalayan Monal Lophophorus 1 I, # impejanus 8fFkm] 2 Snow Partridge Lerwa lerwa n/jfg 3 Blood Pheasant II Ithaginis cruentus lrlnd] Lophura 4 Kalij Pheasant leucomelanos sflnh Tetraogallus 5 Tibetan Snowcock I tibetanus sf]ª\df lxpFs'v'/f 6 Satyr Tragopan III, # Tragopan satyra d'gfn ANSERIFORMES Anatidae 7 Northern Pintail Anas acuta ;'O{/f]k'R5]« 8 Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata a]Nrf7F"8] xfF; 9 Common Teal Anas crecca lah'nfu}/f} 10 Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope l;Gb'/] xfF; 11 Garganey Anas querquedula Zj]tfFvLef}+ 12 Gadwall Anas strepera v8v8] xfF; 13 Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus vf]ofxfF; 14 Common Pochard * VU Aythya ferina s}nf]6fps] xfF; 15 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula sfnLh'/] xfF; 16 Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca dfns xfF; 17 Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula :j0f{gog xfF; 18 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea rv]jf rv]jL

55 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name PICIFORMES Picidae Crimson-breasted Dendrocopos 19 Woodpecker cathpharius /ftf]5ftL sfi7s"6 Dendrocopos 20 Darjeeling Woodpecker darjellensis bfhL{lnË sfi7s"6 21 Scaly-bellied Woodpecker Picus squamatus 7"nf]sTn] sf7kmf]/ UPUPIFORMES Upupidae 22 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops kmfk]| r/f CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae 23 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus h'/] sf]OnL 24 Eurasian Cuckoo Cuculus canorus s'Ss' sf]OnL Cuculus 25 Lesser Cuckoo poliocephalus ;fgf] sf]OnL 26 Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus k"jL{o sf]OnL Hierococcyx 27 Large Hawk Cuckoo sparverioides kxf8L aLp s'lxof] APODIFORMES Apodidae 28 Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus k'R5/sfk] uf+}ynL Collocalia 29 Himalayan Swiftlet brevirostris rL+lrsf uf}+ynL STRIGIFORMES Strigidae 30 Little Owl II Athene noctua lxdfnL sf]rnufF8] 31 Eurasian Eagle Owl II Bubo bubo xflK;nf] 32 Tawny Owl II Strix aluco s}nf] kxf8L pn's COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae 33 Speckled Wood Pigeon Columba hodgsonii l5/la/] jgk/]jf

56 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name 34 Snow Pigeon Columba leuconota lxdfnL dn]jf 35 Hill Pigeon Columba rupestris n]sfnL dn]jf Streptopelia 36 Oriental Turtle Dove orientalis tfd] 9's'/ GRUIFORMES Otididae 37 Demoiselle Crane II Grus virgo s¥ofª s'?ª ;f/; Rallididae 38 Common Coot Fulica atra d?n CICONIIFORMES Scolopacidae 39 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos r~rn] ;'8;'l8of 40 Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii hn/Í 41 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago kfgL rfxf Gallinago 42 Wood Snipe * VU nemoricola jg rfxf 43 Solitary Snipe Gallinago solitaria efsf{ rfxf 44 Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola 7"nf] rfxf 45 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia l6dl6df 46 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus ?v ;'8;'l8of 47 Common Redshank Tringa totanus nfnv'§] l6dl6df 48 Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus kmfnL7"F8] ;'8;'l8of Charadriidae Ibidorhyncha 49 Ibisbill struthersii ltnx/L r/f Laridae Larus 50 Brown-headed Gull brunnicephalus v}/f]6fps] u+ufrLn sfnf]6fps] 51 Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus u+ufrLn 52 Common Tern Sterna hirundo jfo' km\ofnkm\ofn] 57 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name Accipitridae 53 Northern Goshawk II Accipiter gentilis anfsf+If jgafh 54 Eurasian Sparrowhawk II Accipiter nisus jgafh 55 Besra Accipiter virgatus a];/f Aegypius 56 Cinereous Vulture II monachus /fhlu4 57 Steppe Eagle * EN, II Aquila nipalensis uf]dfo' dxfrLn 58 Golden Eagle II Aquila chrysaetos ;'k0f{ dxfrLn 59 Imperial Eagle * VU, I Aquilla heliaca /0fdQ dxfrLn 60 Common Buzzard II Buteo buteo Zo]gafh 61 Long-legged Buzzard II Buteo rufinus nfdv'§] Zo]gafh 62 Hen Harrier II Circus cyaneus rNnfrf]/ e'OFrLn 63 Lammergeier II Gypaetus barbatus xf8kmf]/ 64 Himalayan Griffon II Gyps himalayensis lxdfnL lu4 Hieraaetus 65 Booted Eagle II pennatus sfFwrGb| rLn 66 Black Kite II Milvus migrans sfnf] rLn 67 Osprey II Pandion haliaetus dnfxf rLn Falconidae 68 Merlin II Falco columbarius ;fgf] afh 69 Peregrine Falcon I Falco peregrinus zfxL afh 70 Common Kestrel II af}+8fO{ Podicipedidae 71 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus l;p/] 8'a'NsLr/f sfnLs07 72 Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis 8'a'NsLr/f PASSERIFORMES Laniidae 73 Grey-backed Shrike Lanius tephronotus lxdfnL eb|fO{

58 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name Corvidae 74 Common Raven Corvus corax /fhf sfu Corvus 75 Large-billed Crow macrorhynchos sfnf] sfu Dicrurus 76 Ashy Drongo leucophaeus WjfF;] lra] Nucifraga 77 Spotted Nutcracker caryocatactes jg;/f{ Pericrocotus 78 Long-tailed Minivet ethologus nfdk'R5]« /fgLr/L Pericrocotus 79 Yellow-bellied Fantail hypoxantha kx]+nf] df?gLr/L Pryrhocorax 80 Red-billed Chough pyrrhocorax 6'Ëf Pyrrhocorax 81 Yellow-billed Chough graculus 6]d' 82 Yellow-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa flavirostris ;'g7'F8] nfdk'R5]« Pseudopodoces 83 Hume’s Groundpecker humilis eF'Okmf]/ Cinclidae 84 White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus ;]tf]s07] j~h'n 85 Brown Dipper Cinclus pallasii v}/f] j~h'n Muscicapidae White-capped Water Chaimarrornis ;]tf]6fps] 86 Redstart leucocephalus hnv~h/L 87 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis wf]lagL r/f 88 Little Forktail Enicurus scouleri u+uf vf]n]wf]lagL 89 Spotted Forktail Enicurus maculatus yf]Kn] vf]n]wf]lagL 90 Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassina gLnt'yf] ch'{gs Rufous-gorgeted 91 Ficedula strophiata Flycatcher ;]tf]l6s] ch'{gs

59 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name Ficedula 92 Ultramarine Flycatcher superciliaris gLnZj]t ch'{gs 93 Slaty-blue Flycatcher Ficedula tricolor l6sl6s] ch'{gs 94 Grandala Grandala coelicolor lxdfnL u|f08nf Hodgsonius 95 White-bellied Redstart phaenicuroides ;]tf]k]6] v~h/L 96 White-tailed Rubythroat Luscinia pectoralis lxdfnL /ftf]s07 97 Indian Blue Robin Luscinia brunnea gLnf] /lag 98 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica e"ldr/ gLns07 Chestnut-bellied Rock Monticola 99 Thrush rufiventris xhf/f rfFr/ Muscicapa 100 Ferruginous Flycatcher ferruginea s}nf] ch'{gs Myophonus 101 Blue Whistling Thrush caeruleus sNrf}+8] 102 Rufous-bellied Niltava Niltava sundara ;'Gb/ gLntef Phoenicurus 103 White-winged Redstart erythrogaster ;]tf]k+v] v~h/L Phoenicurus 104 Blue-fronted Redstart frontalis gLn6fps] v~h/L Phoenicurus 105 Hodgson's Redstart hodgsoni tgsDk v~h/L Phoenicurus 106 Blue-capped Redstart coeruleocephalus wf]ljgL v~h/L Phoenicurus 107 Black Redstart ochruros WofKrL v~h/L Phoenicurus 108 White-throated Redstart schisticeps ;]tf]s07] v~h/L Plumbeous Water Rhyacornis gLnfDa/ 109 Redstart fuliginosus hnv~h/L 110 Grey Bushchat Saxicola ferrea lxdfnL em\ofK;L 111 Common Stonechat Saxicola torquata em]sem]s em\ofK;L

60 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name 112 Golden Bush Robin Tarsiger chryaseus ;'gf}nf] /lag Tarsiger (cyanurus) 113 Himalayan Bluetail rufilatus ;'Gtnfsf]v] /lag 114 White-browed Bush Robin Tarsiger indicus ;]tf]cffvLef}+ /lag 115 White-collared Blackbird Turdus albocinctus s07] rfFr/ 116 Kessler's Thrush Turdus kessleri sfnf]6fps] rfFr/ Turdus merula 117 Eurasian Blackbird maximus sfnf] rfFr/ 118 Dark-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis sfnf]s07] rfFr/ 119 Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis 120 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus x8\r'/ rfFr/ 121 Long-tailed Thrush Zoothera dixoni nfdk'R5]« rfFr/ Zoothera 122 Plain-backed Thrush mollissima ;fbf9f8] rfFr/ Sturnidae 123 Purple-backed Starling Sturnus sturninus ;fgf] 8fFª\u]| ;f/f}+ Sittidae Tichodroma 124 Wallcreeper muraria d'/f/L k'tnLr/f 125 White-tailed Nuthatch Sitta himalayansis kxf8L d§f Certhiidae 126 Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris ;]tf]k]6] 5]kf/]r/L 127 Rusty-flanked Treecreeper Certhia nipalensis s}nf]sf]v]] 5]kf/]r/L Troglodytes 128 Winter Wren trolodytes lrqL Paridae ;fgf] km';]| 129 Coal Tit Parus ater lrlrNsf]6] 130 Grey-crested Tit Parus dichrous km';|f]h'/] lrlrNsf]6] 131 Great Tit Parus major lrlrNsf]6]

61 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name 132 Green-backed Tit Parus monticolus xl/of] lrlrNsf]6] ;]tf]ub{g] 133 Rufous-vented Tit Parus rubidiventris lrlrNsf]6] Sylviparus 134 Yellow-browed Tit modestus rFb'jf lrlrNsf]6] Aegithalidae Aegithalos sfnLs07] 135 Black-throated Tit consinnus /fhlrlrNsf]6] Aegithalos s}nf]k]6] 136 Rufous-fronted Tit iouschistos /fhlrlrNsf]6] Hirundinidae PlzofnL 137 Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus eL/uf}+ynL 138 Nepal House Martin Delichon nepalensis g]kfn eL/uf}+ynL 139 Eurasian Crag Martin Hirundo rupestris glxs'6L uf}+ynL 140 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 3/ uf}+ynL Regulidae 141 Goldcrest Regulus regulus :j0f{r"n lkm:6f] Sylviidae 142 White-browed Fulvetta Alcippe vinipectus lktgog km'na'§f Alcippe s6';6fps] 143 Rufous-winged Fulvetta castaneceps km'na'§f /ftf]6fps] 144 Grey-sided Bush Warbler Cettia brunnifrons emf8Llkm:6f] Black-faced 145 Garrulax affinis Laughingthrush sfg6f6] tf]/LufF8f Chestnut-crowned Garrulax s6';6fps] 146 Laughingthrush erythrocephalus tf]/LufF8f 147 Streaked Laughingthrush Garrulax lineatus l5s]{ tf]/LufF8f 148 Spotted Laughingthrush Garrulax ocellatus d'Fbfn] tf]/LufF8f

62 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name Heterophasia 149 Rufous Sibia capsitrata l;laof 150 Bar-throated Siva Minla strigula lzj ldGnf Paradoxornis 151 Fulvous Parrotbill fulvifrons lgufn] afFb/Lr/L 152 Tickell's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus affinis kLtf]b/ lkm:6f] Phylloscopus 153 Lemon-rumped Warbler chlorontus kLts6L lkm:6f] Phylloscopus 154 Smoky Warbler fuligiventer WjfF;] lkm:6f] Phylloscopus 155 Yellow-browed Warbler inornatus xl/t lkm:6f] Phylloscopus 156 Ashy-throated Warbler maculipennis km';|f]s07] lkm:6f] Phylloscopus 157 Large-billed Leaf Warbler magnirostris 7"nf]7"F8] lkm:6f] Western Crowned Phylloscopus 7"nf] tfn'ws]{ 158 Warbler occipitalis lkm:6f] Phylloscopus 159 Buff-barred Warbler pulcher ;'Gtn]/]vL lkm:6f] Phylloscopus 160 Blyth's Leaf Warbler reguloides tfn'ws]{ lkm:6f] Phylloscopus 161 Greenish Warbler trochiloides hLjn lkm:6f] Scaly-breasted Wren Pnoepyga 162 Babbler albiventer sTn] l8s'/]Eofs'/ Pteruthius 163 Green Shrike Babbler xanthochlorus xl/t eb|fO{Eofs'/ Actinodura 164 Hoary-throated Barwing nipalensis jgrfx/ 165 Green-crowned Warbler Seicercus burkii ;'gr:d] lkm:6f] 166 Whistler's Warbler Seicercus whistleri ;';]nL lkm:6f]

63 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name Seicercus 167 Grey-hooded Warbler xanthoschistos t'd'nsf/L lkm:6f] 168 Stripe-throated Yuhina Yuhina gularis y'knsNsL h'/]r/f 169 Rufous-vented Yuhina Yuhina occipitalis v}/f] h'/]r/f Alaudidae 170 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula a|fx\dLr6L Calandrella 171 Hume's Short-toed Lark acutirostris kx]+nf]7"F8] ef/4fh Calandrella 172 Greater Short-toed Lark brachydactyla jlt{sf ef/4fh Eremophila 173 Horned Lark alpestris hF'u] ef/4fh Nectariniidae Yellow-bellied Dicaeum 174 Flowerpecker melanoxanthum kLtf]b/ k'iksf]lsn Aethopyga 175 Mrs Gould's Sunbird gouldiae sflGt a'Ë]r/f Aethopyga 176 Green-tailed Sunbird nipalensis g]kfn a'Ë]r/f Aethopyga 177 Fire-tailed Sunbird ignicauda nfdk'R5«] a'Ë]r/f Passeridae 178 Blyth's Pipit Anthus godlewskii 5f]6f]7"F8] r'OofF 179 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis aufn] r'OofF 180 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni ?v r'OofF 181 Rosy Pipit Anthus roseatus u'nfkmLs07] r'OofF 182 Citrine Wagtail Montacilla citreola a];f/] l6sl6s] 183 White Wagtail Montacilla alba ;]tf] l6sl6s] 184 Grey Wagtail Montacilla cinerea km';|f] l6sl6s] Montifringilla 185 Rufous-necked Snowfinch ruficolis s}nf]ub{g] lxpFr/L

64 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name Montrifringilla 186 Black-winged Snowfinch adamsi rfFbLk+v] lxpFr/L 187 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 3/ eFu]/f 188 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus ?v eFu]/f 189 Russet Sparrow Passer rutilans s}nf] eFu]/f 190 Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris lxdfnL n]sr/L 191 Brown Accentor Prunella fulvescens ufhn] n]sr/L Prunella 192 Altai Accentor himalayana cNtfO{ n]sr/L Prunella 193 Robin Accentor rubeculoides /lag n]sr/L 194 Rufous-breasted Accentor Prunellla strophiata d';] n]sr/L Prunella 195 Maroon-backed Accentor immaculata kf08'gogL n]sr/L Fringillidae Carduelis 196 Twite flavirostris ;fgf]7"F8] lng]6 Yellow-breasted Carduelis 197 Greenfinch spinoiedes ufhn] kLtr/L Carpodacus 198 Common Rosefinch erythrinus cdf]+uf ltt' Carpodacus 199 Dark-brested Rosefinch nipalnesis g]kfn ltt' Carpodacus 200 Beautiful Rosefich pulcherrimus lemaL ltt' Carpodacus 201 Red-fronted Rosefinch puniceus /QmzLif{ /fhltt' Carpodacus 202 Pink-browed Rosefinch rodochrous /ftf] lemaL ltt' Carpodacus 203 Spot-winged Rosefinch rodopeplus k+vyf]Kn] ltt' Carpodacus 204 Great Rosefinch rubicilla /fhltt' 65 Order/Family/ SN Scientific Name Nepali Name Common Name Carpodacus 205 Streaked Rosefinch rubicilloides ws]{ /fhltt' 206 White-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus thura k+vyf]Kn] 7"nf]ltt' 207 Chestnut-eared Bunting Emberiza fucata sfgs}n] au]8L 208 Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla n3' au]8L WjfF;] 6fps] 209 Brandt's Mountain Finch Leucostice brandti ltt'eFu]/f Leucostice 210 Plain Mountain Finch nemoricola ltt'eFu]/f 211 Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra s}+rL7"F8] 212 Collared Grosbeak Mycerobas affinis ;'Gtn]ub}g dxfF7"F8] Mycerobas 213 Spot-winged Grosbeak melanozanthos k+vyf]Kn] dxfF7"F8] 214 White-winged Grosbeak Nycerobas carnipes w"kL dxfF7"F8] Pinicola 215 Crimson-browed Finch subhimachala l;ld|s /fhltt' 216 Brown Bullfinch Pyrrhula nipalensis v}/f] l6pFl6pF Haematospiza 217 Scarlet Finch sipahi l;kfxL ltt' Pyrrhula /ftf] 6fps] 218 Red-headed Bullfinch erythrocephala l6pFl6pF 219 Tibetan Serin Serinus thibetanus ef]6 l;:sLg Note: * Globally Threatened and Status, # protected by National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973 and I, II, II CITES Appendices.

66 Annex – II: Summary of the Status of Bird Species in Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone

IUCN Red NPWC CITES SN Family List Total Act I II III VU EN 1 Phasianidae 2 2 1 1 – – 6 2 Anatidae – – – – 1 – 12 3 Picidae – – – – – – 3 4 Upupidae – – – – – – 1 5 Cuculidae – – – – – – 5 6 Apodidae – – – – – – 2 7 Strigidae – – 3 – – – 3 8 Columbidae – – – – – – 4 9 Otididae – – 1 – – – 1 10 Rallididae – – – – – – 1 11 Scolopacidae – – – – 1 – 10 12 Charadriidae – – – – – – 1 13 Laridae – – – – – – 3 14 Accipitridae – 1 13 – 1 1 15 15 Falconidae – 1 2 – – – 3 16 Podicipedidae – – – – – – 2 17 Laniidae – – – – – – 1 18 Corvidae – – – – – – 10 19 Cinclidae – – – – – – 2 20 Muscicapidae – – – – – – 37 21 Sturnidae – – – – – – 1 22 Sittidae – – – – – – 2 23 Certhiidae – – – – – – 3 24 Paridae – – – – – – 6 25 Aegithalidae – – – – – – 2 26 Hirundinidae – – – – – – 4 27 Regulidae – – – – – – 1

67 IUCN Red NPWC CITES SN Family List Total Act I II III VU EN 28 Sylviidae – – – – – – 28 29 Alaudidae – – – – – – 4 30 Nectariniidae – – – – – – 4 31 Passeridae – – – – – – 18 32 Fringillidae – – – – – – 24 Total 2 4 20 1 3 1 219

68 69 70 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas of Nepal