DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT OF M/S RADHA SMELTERS LIMITED Sy. Nos.327,328 and 338/A2 Chinnasankarampet (V&M), Medak District, Telangana state
PROPOSAL FOR MERGER & EXPANSION OF INDUCTION FURNANCES & ROLLING MILL IN EXISTING PREMISES
For Grant of Environmental Clearance (Category B project under 3(a) Sector) Project Cost- Rs. 22.0 Cr
Baseline Study Period - March to May 2017
Project Proponent Environmental Consultant M/s. Radha Smelters Limited M/s. Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd., Sy.No. 327,328 and 338/A2, Nabet Accreditation S.No. 122, Chinnasankarampet (V&M) Rev 55(A) dated 11th July, 2017 Medak District Plot No. 184/C, Lawn House, Ph: 040 -40142774 4th Floor, Vengal Rao Nagar, Email: [email protected] Hyderabad – 500 038. Ph: 040 – 40179770 Email: [email protected] [email protected]
SUBMITTED TO TELANGANA POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, REGIONAL OFFICE, R.C PURAM CONTENTS
S.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-8 Chapter 1.0: Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the Report 1-1 Brief Description of Project & Project 1.2 proponent 1-2 1.2.1 About Project 1-2 1.3 Need of the Project 1-4
1.4 Justification of the project 1-5 1.5 Nature & Description of Project 1-6 1.6 Location of Project 1-8 1.7 Project Cost 1-8 1.8 Scoping of EIA Study 1-8 Environmental sensitivities & significant of 1.9 the project considered 1-11 1-10 Policy, legal and administrative framework 1-11 1.10.1 Institutional Setting for the project 1-12 Institutional Setting in the Environmental 1.10.2 Contex 1-12 Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate 1.10.3 Changes (MoEF & CC) 1-12 1.10.4 MoEF & CC Regional Offices 1-12 1.10.5 State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) 1-13 Departments of Environment and 1.10.6 Forests(DOEF) 1-13 Environmental Clearance Requirement of 1.10.7 the Project 1-13 1.10.8 Other Statutory Licenses/Permission 1-14 1.10.9 Director of Factories & boilers 1-14 1.10.10 Other State Level Clearance Requirments 1-14 1.10.11 Required Statutory Licenses at a Glance 1-15 1.11 Structure of the EIA Report 1-16
Chapter 2.0: Project Description 2.1 Brief Description of Project 2-1 2.2 Need for the Project 2-3 2.3 Location 2-4 2.4 Site Sensitivity 2-5 2.5 Size & Magnitude of Operation 2-14 Propose schedule for approval and 2.5.1 implementation 2-14 2.6 Technology & Process Description 2-15 2.6.1 Alternative technologies 2-15 2.6.2 Technology Proposed 2-16 Assessment of new & Untested Technology 2.6.3 for the risk of technological failure 2-16 2.6.4 Manufacturing process 2-17 2.6.4.1 The charge 2-17 2.6.4.2 Melting the Charge 2-18 2.6.4.3 Steel Melting Shop 2-19 2.6.5 Manufacturing Process on Rolling Mill 2-21 2.6.6 Scrap Handling 2-23 2.6.7 Slag Handling 2-23 2.6.8 Fume Extraction System-FES 2-23 2.6.9 Re-Heating furnace 2-24 2.7 Resource requirement for the project 2-24 2.7.1 Raw material requirement 2-24 2.7.2 Power Requirement 2-25 2.7.3 Man Power Requirement 2-25 2.7.4 Water requirement 2-26 2.7.5 Land Requirement 2-26 Environmental aspect from different 2.8 process 2-27 2.9 Environmental Impacts & Control Systems 2-28 2.9.1 Water & Waste water 2-28 2.9.1.1 Waste Water Treatment & re-use 2-30 2.9.2 Air Emission Sources & Control 2-30 2.9.3 Fugitive Dust Suppression 2-31 Hazardous & Non Hazardous waste 2.9.4 generation and handling 2-31 2.9.5 Noise Pollution 2-33 Current Environmental control mechanisms 2.10 & Gaps 2-33 Chapter 3.0 Baseline Environmental Status 3.0 Preamble 3-1 3.1 Land Environment 3-1 3.1.1 Physiography 3-1 3.1.2 Topography 3-2 3.2 Land use Pattern 3-4 3.3 Geology 3-8 3.4 Water Environment 3-9 3.4.1 Ground Water Conditions 3-10 3.4.2 Ground Water Level 3-12 3.4.3 Ground Water Resources Estimation 3-14 3.5 Water Quality 3-16 3.6 Surface Water Quality 3-20 3.7 Soils 3-25 3.8 Air Environment 3-30 3.8.1 Meteorology 3-30 3.8.2 Meteorological Station at Industry Site 3-33 3.8.3 Ambient Air Quality 3-36 3.8.4 Scope of Field Study 3-36 3.8.5 Description of Sampling Locations 3-37 3.8.6 Pre-project Ambient Air Quality Status 3-38 3.9 Noise Environment 3-45 3.10 Socio Economic Environment 3-50 3.10.1 Geographical Coverage 3-50 3.10.2 Demographic Profile 3-58 3.10.3 Field Surveys 3-59 3.10.4 Data Analysis 3-61 3.10.5 Demographics 3-61 3.10.5.1 Assests Owned 3-62 3.10.5.2 Sources of Livehood 3-62 3.10.5.3 Family Incomes 3-63 3.10.5.4 Living Standards 3-63 3.10.5.6 Educational Facilities 3-64 3.10.5.7 Health Status 3-65 3.10.6 Aspirations and Apprehensions 3-68 3.10.7 Occupational Distribution 3-68 3.10.8 Livelihoods 3-69 3.10.8.1 Agriculture 3-69 3.10.8.2 Industry 3-70 3.10.8.3 Lifestyles 3-71 3.10.8.4 Physical Infrastructure 3-71 3.10.8.5 Social Infrastructure 3-72 3.10.8.6 Archeological Monuments 3-72 3.11 Biotic Environment 3-72 3.11.1 Method of Study 3-73 3.11.2 Methodology 3-73 3.11.3 Floral study 3-75 3.11.4 Faunal study 3-75 3.11.5 Present Status of biotic environment 3-76 3.11.6 Bufferzone 3-79 3.11.7 Fauna and Wildlife 3-81 3.11.8 Aquatic Ecosystem 3-85
Chapter-4.0 Identification & Prediction of Impacts 4.1 Identification of impacts 4-1 4.2 Impact Networks 4-1 4.2.1 Air Environment 4-2 4.2.2 Water Environment 4-2 4.2.3 Noise Environment 4-2 4.2.4 Land Environment 4-2 4.2.5 Biological Environment 4-3 4.2.6 Socio-economic Environment 4-3 4.3 Prediction of Impact on Air Quality 4-10 4.3.1 Details of Mathematical Modeling 4-10 4.3.1.1 Model Formulation 4-11 4.3.1.2 Metrological Data 4-12 4.3.2 Plant Emissions 4-13 4.3.2.1 Air Quality Predictions 4-15 4.4 Prediction of Impacts on the Environment 4-22 Prediction of Impacts on water 4.5 Environment 4-23 4.6 Prediction of Impacts on Soil 4-25 4.7 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment 4-26 Prediction of Impact on Local flora and 4.8 fauna 4-29 Anticipated general impacts due to steel 4.8.1 industry on flora and fauna 4-33 Overall Environmental Impacts and 4.9 mitigation measures of the project 4-35 4.10 Prediction of Impact vehicular traffic 4-49
Chapter 5.0 Analysis of Alternative Sites & Technologies 5.1 Proposed Project 5-1 5.2 Alternative Sites 5-1 5.3 Alternative Technologies 5-1
Chapter 6.0 Post Environmental Monitoring 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Objectives 6-1 6.3 Methodology 6-1 6.4 Ambient air quality (AAQ) Monitoring 6-2 6.5 Water Quality Monitoring 6-5 6.6 Noise Level Monitoring 6-12 6.7 Environmental Monitoring plan 6-14 Responsibility of Monitoring and Reporting 6.8 System 6-18 6.9 Environmental Monitoring Budget 6-18
Chapter 7.0 Occupational health, Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan 7.1 Risk Assessment 7-1 7.1.1 Hazards Relating to Foundaries 7-1 7.1.2 Induction Furnance 7-1 7.1.3 Rolling Mills 7-2 7.1.4 Consequential fires outside the premises 7-3 7.2 Risk Mitigation measures 7-4 7.3 Fire Protection System 7-5 7.3.1 Current system in palce 7-5 7.3.2 Current system in place 7-5 7.3.2 Fire House and Tool Cabinet 7-5 7.4 House keeping 7-5 7.5 Occupational Safety and Health 7-6 7.5.1 Health Surveillance Plan 7-10 7.5.2 First Aid Center 7-11 7.5.3 TYie up with Local Hospitals 7-11 7.6 Disaster Management Plan 7-11 7.7 Disaster Management Plan 7-12 7.7.1 Disaster Control Philosophy 7-12 7.7.2 On-Site Emergency Plan 7-14 7.7.3 Action Plan 7-14 7.7.3.1 Key Personnel 7-14 7.7.3.2 Responsibilities of Key Personnel 7-17 7.7.4 Emergency Control Centre 7-20 7.7.5 Assembly Point 7-21 7.7.6 Emergency Management Training 7-21 7.7.7 Mock Drills 7-22 Incident recording and revision of Disaster 7.7.8 Management Plan 7-22 7.8 Off site Emergency Plan 7-23 Chapter 8.0 Project Benefits 8.1 Employment Opportunity 8-1 8.2 Likely Indirect employment Opportunities 8-1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & 8.3 Socio-Economic Development 8-2 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and 8.4 State Exchequer 8-2
Chapter-9.0 Environment Cost benefit Analysis 9-1
Chapter-10 Environmental Management Plan 10.1 Introduction 10-1 10.2 The Project Location 10-2 10.3 Site Sensitivity 10-3 10.4 Major Findings of the EIA 10-4 10.4.1 Impact on Physical Resources 10-4 10.4.2 Impactd on air quality 10-4 10.4.3 Impact on water resources 10-4 10.4.3.1 Pollution Control Measure 10-5 10.4.3.2 Water Conservation Measures 10-5 10.5 Rain water harvesting Plants 10-6 10.5.1 Rain water harvestin 10-6 Rain water Harvesting Calculation for the 10.5.2 Radha Smelters Ltd 10-8 10.5.3 Proposed Rain Water harvesting structures 10-10 10.6 Impact on Soil 10-12 10.7 Impact on Land Use 10-12 10.8 Impacts on Noise Quality 10-13 10.9 Impact on Flora 10-13 10.10 Impact on Fauna 10-14 10.11 Impact on Road Network 10-14 10.12 Impact on Power Distribution 10-14 Environmental Management measures 10.13 proposed 10-15 10.14 Green belt Development 10-33 10.15 Environment Management Cell 10-36 10.16 Reporting System & Monitoring System 10-38 10.17 Corporate Social Responsibility 10-38 10.18 Environmental Management Budget 10-40
Chapter-11 Project Summary and Conclusions
Chapter-12 Disclosure of Consultants
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. Table 1.1 Production Capacity- Current & Proposed 1-6 Table 2.1 Current & proposed installations & products 2-1 Table 2.2 Salient feature of the project 2-2 Table 2.3 Proposed production capacities 2-14 Table 2.4 List of raw material and daily requirment after 3phases 2-24 Table 2.4 Datails of man power 2-25 Table 2.6 Water requirement for present & proposed plant capacity 2-26 Table 2.7 Land statement 2-27 Table 2.8 Water balance for present & proposed plant capacity 2-29 Table 2.9 Air emission sources & control 2-30 Table 2.10 Solid waste generation disposal 2-31 Table 2.11 Hazardous wastes with recycling option: 2-32 Table 3.1 Land use/land cover classes in study area 3-7 Table 3.2 Details of plant boreholes 3-12 Table3.3. Ground water resources of shankarampet-a mandal, 3-15 medak district, telangana. Table 3.4 Water requirement for present and proposed plant 3-16 capacity Table 3.5 Water analysis data (ground water) 3-18 Table 3.6 Water analysis data (surface water) 3-22 Table 3.7 Soil analysis data 3-27 Table 3.8 Soil test results – reference tables 3-28 Table 3.9 IMD data of meteorological station medak (1971-2000) 3-31 Table 3.10 Frequency distribution of wind speeds and wind directions 3-24 Table 3.11 Locations of ambient air quality monitoring stations 3-37 Table 3.11 Ambient air quality status 3-42 Table no.3.12 Noise monitoring location 3-45 Table 3.13 Effects on human beings at different noise levels 3-47 Table 3.14 Equivalent noise levels in the study area 3-48 Table 3.15 Ambient noise standards 3-49 Table 3.16 Vital statistics of survey villagesas per census – 2011 3-50 Table – 3.17 Sample villages selected for socio-economic impact 3-56 assessment Table – 3.18 Salient features of demographics in study area 3-58 Table – 3.19 Ownership of assets by sample households 3-62 Table-3.20 Category of educational intuitional details in mandal wise 3-64 Table 3.21 Status of health indicators 3-65 Table 3.22 Estimated birth rate, death rate and infant mortality rate 3-66 of telangana state Table 3.23 Disease patterns observed in sampled villages 3-67 Table 4.1 Salient features of the iscst3 model 4-11 Table 4.2 Atmospheric stability classification 4-12 Table 4.3 Mixing heights considered for computations 4-13 Table 4.4 Emission details of pollutants from stack 4-14 Table 4.5 Maximum predicted 24 hourly glc’s 4-16 Table 4.6 Predicted glc’s at monitoring locations 4-16 Table 4.7 Cumulative concentrations at various villages 4-17 Table 4.8 Average typical noise levels from existing industrial units 4-23 Table 4.9 Ground water resources of chinnasankarampet mandal, 4-25 medak district, telangana. Table 4.10 Socio economic impacts of the project 4-26 Table 4.11 Ecological factors 4-30 Table 4.12 Impacts of the proposed activity up to 10 sq. Km. 4-31 Table 4.13 Environmental impacts and their significance levels 4-36 Table 6.1 National ambient air quality standards 6-2 Table 6.2 Indian standard drinking water specifications – is: 6-6 10500:1991 Table 6.3 Noise standards 6-13
Table 6.4 Environmental monitoring plan 6-14 Table 6.5 Estimated environmental monitoring budget 6-19 Table 7.1 Occupational hazards and mitigation plan physical hazards 7-6 Table 7.2 List of personal protective equipment 7-9 Table 10.1 Environmental impacts and mitigation measures 10-16 Table 10.2 Environmental budgets for project 10-40 Table no 11.1 Salient features of the project 11-1
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. NO. Fig.2.0 Location map of the project 2-7 Fig 2.1 Topo map of project site & study area 2-8 Fig 2.2 Base map of the project site & study area 2-9 Fig 2.3 Google map of the site 2-10 Fig 2.4 Photographs of existing plant & surroundings 2-11 Fig 2.5 Process flow chart 2-22 Fig 3.1 Topo map of the study area showing water shed 3-3 Fig 3.2 Project site location and surroundings 3-3 Figure 3.3 Satellite image of the study area 3-5 Fig 3.4 Land use and land cover map of the study area 3-6 Fig 3.5 Pie diagram showing land use & land cover area 3-7 Fig 3.6 Geological distribution in medak district 3-8 Fig 3.7. Ground water levels and fluctuations at shankarampet. 3-13 Fig 3.8. Ground water levels and fluctuations at wadiaram. 3-14 Fig 3.9 Location of ground water samples in the study area 3-17 Fig 3.10: Surface water sampling points 3-21 Fig 3.11 Location map of soil samples 3-29 Fig 3.12 Wind rose diagram for the study march to may 2017 3-35 Fig3.13 Figure 3.13: location map of ambient air quality 3-44 monitoring stations Fig3.14 Location map for noise monitoring stations 3-46 Fig – 3.15 Google map of sample villages 3-57 Fig 3.16 Sampling points of flora and fauna of the study area 3-74 Fig 4.1 Impacts network for air environment 4-4 Fig 4.2 Impacts network for noise environment 4-5 Fig 4.3 Impacts network for land environment 4-6 Fig 4.4 Impacts network for biological flora & fauna 4-7 Fig 4.5 Identification of likely impacts of waste water 4-8 Fig 4.6 Impacts network for socio economic & cultural 4-9 environment Fig 4.7 Isopleths showing 24 hourly glc’s of pm10 4-18 Fig 4.8 Isopleths showing 24 hourly glc’s of pm2.5 4-19 Fig 4.9 Isopleths showing 24 hourly glc’s of so2 4-20 Fig 4.10 Isopleths showing 24 hourly glc’s of nox 4-21 Fig 10.1 Diagrammatic view of rainfall harvesting and artificial 10-8 recharge structure Fig 10.2 Recharge well (diagrammatic) 10-10 Fig 10.3 Popular types of rainwater harvesting structures 10-11 (inkudu gunthalu, diagramatic)
LIST OF ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE DESCRIPTION NO. 1 COPY OF TOR AND COMPLIANCE
M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
M/s Radha Smelters Ltd, situated near Chinnasankarampet (V&M), Medak District, Telangana state is manufacturing MS Billets /Ingots by melting MS scrap and Sponge iron in Induction Furnace and casting in Continuous Casting Machine and TMT Bars by Rerolling in Rolling mill since 2008-09. The company is operating one Induction furnace and Rolling mill as unit 1 and another Induction furnace as unit 2.
Due to market demand, it is proposed to expand the production capacity of the MS billets to4,26,465 TPA & Rolled products TMT bars/Sections/ Flats/Pipes to 4,16,988 TPA in 3 phases. It is also proposed to merge two units into one unit. Total Cost of the Project is Rs. 22 Cores out of this an investment of Rs. 1.89 Cores is proposed to invest on environmental infrastructure. The land area of the plant is 18.22 Acres
Location of the Plant The proposed project is to be located over the existing premises at Sy. Nos. 327,328 and 338/A2, Chinnasankarampet (vil & Mandal), Medak district, Telangana state. The project site is located between Latitudes N 17059’22.0’’ N 17059’21.8’’ N 17059’22.5’’ N 17059’21.6’’ N 17059’14.7’’ N 17059’19.2’’ N 17059’17.3’’ N 17059’17.1’’ N 17059’17.4’’ N 17059’17.8’’ N 17059’17.7’’ N 17059’12.2’’ N 17059’11.8’’ N 17059’14.5’’ N 17059’14.6’’ and Longitudes E 78o24’55.6’’ E 78o24’56.7’’E 78o24’57.0’’ E 78o25’02.6’’ E 78o25’01.0’’ E 78o24’55.5’’ E 78o24’55.0’’ E 78o24’53.2’’ E 78o24’50.1’’ E 78o24’49.9’’ E 78o24’48.5’’ E 78o24’47.2’’ E 78o24’50.6’’ E 78o24’52.4’’ E 78o24’53.0’’.
The nearest human settlement from the site is Chinnasankarampeta located at distance of 0.5 KM from the site. The nearest railway station Wadiaram is located at a distance of 6 KM from the site. The nearest
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report airport is located at a distance of 150 KM at Shamshabad. There are 9 Reserve Forests within 10 KM radius. Polamapalli Reserve forest is at a distance of 3.36 km in South East direction
A total of 62 villages with a total population of 99,019 are existing in the 10KM radius of the site
Narasampally cheruvu is at 270 Meters in the North Direction. Haldi vagu is at about 9 KM distance in the southern direction of the site. There are other minor cheruvus and tanks in the 5 KM radius of the site
Road Connectivity The major road access to the site is NH-44 which is at a distance of 7.0 KM on the East. Chegunta to Medak Road is which is now in expansion as 4 lane road connects the site to National Highway
Land Requirement for the project: The unit is having 18.22 acres of land. Out of this 4.41 Acres are utilized for both unit I and Unit II together. Current Green belt area is about 2.50 acres. Additional Land requirement for expansion would be 2.50 Acres for constructions and additional Green belt proposed is 3.60 acres. The land requirement can be met without any additional land acquired for the project
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report Product Profile The proposed products & capacities are presented in the following table.
Production capacity- Current & Proposed
S Furnace Present Capacities after expansion No Phase 1 Phase 2 2- Phase 3 5-6 One Year 3 Years years Capa Prod Capa Produ Capac Product Capacity Productio city ucti city ction ity ion TPD n TPD on TPD TPA TPD TPA TPA TPA 1 Induction 70 2457 155 54405 405 1,42,155 405 1,42,155 furnace-1 0 Ingots/MS Billets 2 Induction 80.5 2825 185 64935 405 1,42,155 405 1,42,155 furnace-2 5 MS Billets 3 Induction ------405 1,42,155 furnace-3 MS Billets Total 150. 52,8 340 1,19,3 810 2,84,31 1215 4,26,465 5 25 40 0 4 Rolling mill -1 237 83,1 333 1,16,8 792 2,77,992 792 277992 TMT 87 83 Bars/Sections/Fl ats/pipes 5 Rolling Mill -2 ------396 1,38,996 TMT Bars/Sections/Fl ats/pipes Total 237 831 333 1,16,8 792 2,77,99 1188 4,16,988 87 83 2
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report
Water Requirement and Water Balance The water requirement for various purposes after expansion of activity is mentioned in the table below. Water will be procured from Public supply and through tankers from outside agencies.
Water Balance– Current & Proposed Water Balance for present & proposed plant capacity
Stream Water Requirement (KLD) Waste water Treatment and Generation (KLD) disposal method Present
Presen After expansion Presen After t t expansion Fresh Recycle Total d
Rolling Mill 4.0 90 90 180 2.0 90 Cooling water is Cooling continuously water recycled after ( Makeup) settling in the tanks Scrubber / 7.0 100 90 190 5.0 90 Recycled back. make up for Induction furnace Domestic 5.0 16.5 - 16.5 4.0 14.0 STP and treated water would be used for green belt Dust 2.0 5.0 - 5.0 - - Suppressio n Green Belt 2.0 38.0 12.0 50.0 - - Total 20.0 249.5 192.0 441.5 11.0 194.0 -
Out of the total water requirement of 441.5 KLD, the fresh water requirement is 249.5 KLD and 192 KLD is recycled water
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report
Baseline Environmental Data The baseline data for ambient quality, surface and ground water quality, noise and soil quality collected and analyzed for various parameters during March-May, 2017. The analysis results show that the values are within the prescribed limits for air quality. The water quality of the area is found to be within the permissible limits
Identification and Quantification of Impacts The sources of pollution in the proposed project are Air emissions from utilities, liquid effluents from process, utilities and domestic sources, solid waste from process and utilities and noise pollution from utilities and process equipment. The impact assessment report identified various sources of pollution and quantified the pollution loads and has identified the technologies to be adopted for the mitigation and control of the same
Impacts of air Quality The additional impacts of air quality due to the proposed project are from the 3 induction furnaces one 3 additional DG sets of 2 X 400 KVA and 1 x 250 KVA capacity each. The impacts are quantified using ISC- AERMOD model based on ISCST3 Algorithm. The results indicate marginal increase in the ambient air quality parameters and the predicted concentrations are within the prescribed limits of CPCB for 24 hours concentrations
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Radha Smelters Limited EIA Report
Cumulative Concentrations at Various locations in 10 KM radius Cumulative Concentrations at Various Villages
Base Line Ground Level Cumulative
AAQ Location PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox Project site 70.3 37.4 17.4 18.4 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 70.30 37.40 17.40 18.40 KamaramTanda 60.4 24.3 16.3 17.3 0.304 0.182 0.66 0.92 60.70 24.48 16.96 18.22 Vallabhapur 60.4 27.3 17.3 16.3 0.146 0.087 0.31 0.44 60.54 27.38 17.61 16.74 ChinnaSankarampet 60.2 26.3 16.2 16.3 1.510 0.905 3.28 4.59 61.71 27.20 19.48 20.89 Mirzapalle 60.4 30.4 15.2 16.3 0.168 0.101 0.36 0.511 60.568 30.501 15.565 16.811 Chandampet 60.2 28.5 13.5 16.3 1.510 0.905 3.281 4.593 61.710 29.405 16.781 20.893 Chegunta 56.3 23.2 13.2 16.3 0.126 0.076 0.274 0.383 56.426 23.276 13.474 16.683 Madur 60.2 27.5 12.3 16.3 0.191 0.114 0.414 0.580 60.391 27.614 12.714 16.880
Predicted Ground level concentrations in Reserve Forest area
Location Ground Levels Kundapur R.F. 0.100 0.060 0.216 0.303 Gajgatlapalli R.F. 0.163 0.098 0.354 0.495 Muhammadapur R.F. 0.212 0.127 0.461 0.645 Khajapur R.F. 0.153 0.092 0.333 0.466 SankhapurR.F 0.140 0.084 0.304 0.426 Ibrahimpur R.F. 0.166 0.100 0.361 0.505 Polamalli R.F. 0.232 0.139 0.503 0.705 WadiramR.F 0.217 0.130 0.472 0.661 Soraram R.F. 0.063 0.038 0.138 0.193 Note: All values are in µg/m3
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Radha Smelters Limited EIA Report
Impacts on water resources
No impact on water quality is anticipated as the unit proposed primary treatment of cooling water and re-use. The domestic water is proposed to be treated in STP and re-used for gardening purpose. The total water required for the plant is proposed to met from ground water sources. So the impact on water quality is negligible.
As the project proposed to use ground water resource to an extent of 250 KLD, it is proposed to re-charge the rain water to maximum extent possible. 6 Re-charge structures are proposed to augment the ground water resources
Impacts on Noise quality: The noise levels may marginally increase due to the additional rolling mill and DG sets. However the impact is limited to boundary of the company. Additional green belt proposed reduce the noise impact on out side environment
Impacts on Soil
The solid waste generated from the slag crusher and mill waste can contaminate soil if not handled properly. Adequate safeguards are proposed in the EMP for proper handling and disposal of the waste. A total of 14,040 TPA of slag is produced from operations and 4375 TPA of Mill scale is produced from rolling mill. Both these wastes have commercial values. Mill scale is sold to downstream users and crushed slag after recovering iron will be used as filling material, road construction and brick making
Impacts on Ecology
There are no endangered flora and fauna in the impact area. Further it is proposed to increase the green belt area from current 2.5 acres to 6.1 acres with expansion activity. Thus there will be positive impact on the environment
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Radha Smelters Limited EIA Report
Impacts on socio Economy
The project generates 200 jobs as direct employment and almost equal number of indirect employment. As a policy the management proposed to give priority to local youth for the recruitment. The area which has low industrial density and sloe agricultural activity will have positive benefits due to this project.
The Overall impacts of the project on environment and mitigation measures proposed are summarized in the table below
S No Environmental Impact Mitigation measures proposed 1 Air emissions from 3 It is suggested to upgrade the induction furnaces current scrubbing system established for 2 furnaces to high efficiency bag filters and establish bag filter for the proposed new furnace It is suggested to provide primary dust extraction system and secondary dust extraction system at roof level to avoid emissions going into environment during material charging time and tapping time of metal 2 Air emissions from Producer As M/S Radha Smelters Limited gas unit attached to re- established continuous casting heating furnace machine, re-heating furnace will be kept as stand by. Scrubbing system shall be operated for producer gas unit
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Radha Smelters Limited EIA Report
to avoid emissions into environment 3 Dust emissions from slag It is suggested to thoroughly crusher area enclose the conveyors with sheeting and provide dust extraction system with bag filter for control of fugitive dust generated It is further suggested to provide closed shed for storage of crushed slag until it is disposed off with water sprinklers 4 Dust from roads due to It is suggested to provide wate handling of raw materials sprinklers at dust prone points and finished goods of stock yards 5 Cooling water handling It is suggested to provide primary treatment of cooling water to control oil & Grease and suspended solids and recycle water completely 6 Domestic waste water About 14 KLD of domestic discharge effluents likely to be generated after expansion. It is suggested to establish STP to treat and re-use the effluents for green belt development 7 Withdrawal of ground water Out of the total water requirement of 431.5 KLD, 192 KLD of water would be met from recycled water and rest
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Radha Smelters Limited EIA Report
249.5 KLD of water would be drawn from ground water resources In order to augment the ground water it is suggested to establish 6 rain water harvesting structures to tap about 27000 M3 of rain water likely to be generated during monsoon season It is suggested to augment storm water drains to channel the rain water to harvesting structures proposed 8 Handling and re-use of The project likely to generate waste generated 14,040 TPA of Slag and 4375 TPA of Mill scales. As both waste can be re-used it is suggested to sell the Mill scales for downstream users like paint industries Iron will be recovered from slag and crushed slag is good inert material to be used as land fill material for road construction and housing construction. Also the slag can be used in cement bricks making and local youth can be encouraged to establish such units
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Radha Smelters Limited EIA Report
9 Occupational Health & M/S Radha Smelters Limited Safety established occupational health center in the plant with trained first aiders. It is suggested to improve facilities further in the health center Also it is suggested to establish water lines and fire hoses at 3 furnace areas and rolling mill to tackle any accidental fire It is recommended to provide diesel run pump for fire fighting system in the event of power failures
Environmental Management Plan
The management plan is drawn in consultation with the project proponents, technical consultants after evaluating a number of technologies available for mitigation and control of pollution.
The environmental management plan is drawn to address the impact identified during construction which is temporary and the impacts identified during operation stages & remedial measures are in corporate
Prevention, maintenance and operation of environment control system
The pollution control equipment, effluent treatment systems and effluents will be monitored periodically and will be checked for its performance and pro- active maintenance will be adopted. The environmental monitoring results will be evaluated to identify the problems/ under performance of the equipment. Necessary steps will be taken to rectify the identified problems/defects. The management agrees that the evaluation of the
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Radha Smelters Limited EIA Report performance of pollution control measures and occupational safety measures to arrive at their efficiency and purposes to adopt new measures for efficient pollution control, which will be regular exercise.
Transport systems
All the raw materials and finished products are transported by road. Sufficient parking facilities are provided for vehicles loading and unloading of goods. As the plant is located near the road there will not be any unauthorized shop or settlements along the road connecting the plant site. There will be 50 truck trips per day to the factory. The vehicles are provided with parking space near gate & Steal yard and traffic signs will be placed in the battery limit.
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Rolling mill cooling water is continuously recycled after primary treatment. The domestic waste is water also proposed to be treated and re-used for gardening. Iron is recovered from slag waste and waste proposed to be re-used as land fill material, road constructions and for brick making. Mill waste proposed to be sold to down stream users.
Green Belt Development
Green belt is recommended as one of the major components of Environmental Management Plan. The existing industry has green belt and the management emphasizes the development of further greening of the site to enhance environmental quality through; mitigation of fugitive emissions, attenuation of noise levels, balancing eco-environment, consumption of treated effluent, prevention of soil erosion, and creation of aesthetic environment.
In addition to the existing 2.5 acres of greenery in the plant, it is proposed to add an additional 3.6 acres of greenery. With an investment of 23.5 lakhs for planting 500 trees.
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Chapter1 Introduction
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
M/s Radha Smelters Ltd, situated near Chinna sankarampet (V&M), Medak District, Telangana state is manufacturing MS Billets /Ingots by melting MS scrap and Sponge iron in Induction Furnace and casting in Continuous Casting Machine and TMT Bars by Rerolling in Rolling mill since 2008-09. The company is operating one Induction furnace and Rolling mill as unit 1 and another Induction furnace as unit 2.
Industry had obtained CFE & CFO from Telangana State Pollution Control Board for the two induction furnaces separately under Unit I and Unit II, with capacities of 70 TPD MS Ingots/Billets with 4.5 TPH induction furnace along with reheating furnace of 14 TPH capacity and Rolling mill with a capacity of 237 TPD TMT Bars in unit I and 80.5 TPD MS Billets capacity of 4.5 TPH Induction furnace under unit II.
As the capacity of MS Ingots/ Billets from unit I is 24,570 TPA and from unit II is 28,255 TPA which are less than the 30,000 TPA individually, they were not covered under EC Notification earlier.
Now the company proposes to merge the two units and expand the project by upgrading the capacities of existing two Induction furnaces and the rolling mill in the first two phases & installing one more Induction furnace and rolling mill in the third phase, for increasing the production capacity of MS Billets and TMT Bars to 4,26,465 TPA after 3 phases.
As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification S.O. 1533 issued on 14-09-2006by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi, the proposed expansion project for manufacturing MS billets and TMT
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Bars is categorized as Category B project under 3(a) Secondary Metallurgical Industries and is mandated to obtain prior Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact assessment Authority (SEIAA), under Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India.
In this regard the project proponent has submitted application in the prescribed Form-I along with Pre Feasibility Report and Standard Template, to obtain Terms of Reference (TOR) for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment study in the proposed expansion project area.
After detailed scrutiny of the application submitted and the presentation about the project made in the SEAC meeting, the project proponent was directed to carry out the EIA study and prepare the report as per the standard terms of reference (TORs) issued by the MoEF&CC, GOI, available in the website, vide Agenda Item No.36 of Minutes of the 28thSEAC Meeting held on 19.04.2017.
To carry out EIA studies in and around 10 KMs range of project site to identify the negative and positive impacts and delineate effective measures to mitigate the environmental pollution and preparing the EIA study report has been entrusted to M/s.Pridhvi Envirotech(P) Limited, Hyderabad.
Accordingly the EIA study was carried out in the study area as per standard ToRs and the EIA report has been compiled based on the data collected during the study and details about the project provided by the proponents.
1.2 Brief Description of Project & Project Proponent
1.2.1 About Project
The proposed project is merger of existing two units and expansion of production capacity of MS Billets to 4, 26,465 TPA & TMT
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Bars/Flats/Sections/pipes to 4,16,998 TPA after total expansion , by upgrading the capacities of Induction furnaces and Rolling mill and installing additional Induction furnace and Rolling mill in 3 phases in the existing premises where induction Furnaces& Rolling Mill are in operation.
Project Proponents:
The project proponents are M/s Radha Smelters Limited (RSL), a company established in the year 2008 at Sy Nos. 327, 328 and 338/A2, Chinnasankarampet (Village & Mandal), Medak District, Telangana State, for manufacturing Mild Steel billets and TMT bars.
The main product, TMT Steel Bars up to FE-600 grade materials ranging from size 8 mm to 32 mm dia, is known in the market due to its quality and customer support. All the products conform to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the company is an ISO 9001:2015 certified Company.
The company brand Radha TMT Steel is a well known and recognized brand in Hyderabad and southern India.
The company has achieved a turnover of about Rs. 120 Cr. for the financial year 2015-2016.The total man power of the company stands at 100.
Background of promoters:
The Chairman & Managing Director of the company is Sri Sunil Saraf, while Sri Suman Saraf is the Managing Director and Sri Snehil Saraf is the Director.
SRI SUNIL SARAF Shri Sunil Saraf, aged about 53 years, has more than three decade of experience in steel trading and industry.
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SRI SUMAN SARAF Shri Suman Saraf, aged about 49 years, has more than three decade of experience in steel trading and industry.
SRI SNEHIL SARAF
Shri Snehil Saraf, aged about 28 years, has good experience in steel trading and industry.
1.3 Need of the Project:
India’s rapid economic growth and soaring demand in sectors like infrastructure, real estate and automobiles at home and abroad have put Indian steel industry on the global map. According to the latest report by International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI), India is the seventh largest steel producer in the world.
The Indian Steel industry is organized in three categories i.e., main producers, other major producers and the secondary producers. The main producers and other major producers have integrated steel making facility with plant capacities over 0.5 MT and utilize iron ore and coal/gas for production of steel. The main producers are Tata Steel, SAIL, and RINL, while the other major producers are ESSAR, ISPAT and JVSL.
The secondary sector is dispersed and consists of: (1) Backward linkage from about 120 sponge iron producers that use iron ore and non-coking coal, providing feedstock for steel producers; (2) Approximately 650 mini blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces, induction furnaces and energy optimizing furnaces that use iron ore, sponge iron and melting scrap to produce steel; and (3) Forward linkage with about 1,200 re-rollers that roll out semis into finished steel products for consumer use.
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In 2015-16, production of finished Steel is 90.98 million tones. India is 3ed largest steel producer in the world. The share of secondary steel producers is 67% of total steel production in the country. Due to its growing demand, India has been identified as one of the hottest destination of steel exports from all over the world
Secondary steel producers plays vital role in reaching end customers in the country. Induction steel melting and rolling mills are growing at rapid rate due it’s accessibility to small and medium users, housing sector, infrastructure, transportation are few to mention
This demand is further boosted by the demand from foreign countries. The Indian is exporting the steel products to more than 51 countries and earning valuable foreign exchange to the country.
In view of the above, the proposed expansion project would contribute in meeting the increasing demand for steel in both domestic and export markets.
The project would provide direct employment and indirect business and service opportunities in the region.
Also the project contributes to economic development in the region and revenues to Government
1.4 Justification of the project
Secondary steel industry is having its strong presence in Telanagna state. Nearly 40 Medium and large scale steel industries are working in the state. The industrialization in the state are supported by
Good infrastructure
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Availability of skilled manpower Government’s positive attitude towards the industrialization Presence of Entrepreneurs with steel industry back ground
M/S Radha Smelters Limited is in forefront in the last 9 years with excellent customer base and markets. The demand for Rolled mill products such TMT bars/pipes/Sections/ Flats is increasing every year As existing infrastructure and land availability near Chinna Sanakareampet in Medak District are sufficient to increase the production levels, the project is justified in techno commercial point of view.
1.5 Nature & Description of Project
The project activity is manufacturing MS Billets /Ingots by melting MS scrap and Sponge iron in Induction Furnace and casting billets in Continuous Casting Machine and TMT Bars by Rerolling in Rolling mill.
The company is operating one Induction furnace and Rolling mill as unit 1 and another Induction furnace as unit 2, with capacities of 70 TPD MS Ingots/Billets with 4.5 TPH induction furnace along with reheating furnace of 14 TPH capacity and Rolling mill with a capacity of 237 TPD TMT Bars in unit I and 80.5 TPD MS Billets capacity of 4.5 TPH Induction furnace under unit II.
The details of capacities of current & Proposed expansion activities are as given in the table below.
Table 1.1 Production capacity- Current & Proposed S Furnace Present Capacities after expansion No Phase 1 Phase 2 2- Phase 3 5-6
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One Year 3 Years years Capa Prod Capa Produ Capac Product Capacity Produc city ucti city ction ity ion TPD tion TPD on TPD TPA TPD TPA TPA TPA 1 Induction 70 2457 155 54405 405 1,42,155 405 1,42,15 furnace-1 0 5 Ingots/MS Billets 2 Induction 80.5 2825 185 64935 405 1,42,155 405 1,42,15 furnace-2 5 5 MS Billets 3 Induction ------405 1,42,15 furnace-3 5 MS Billets Total 150. 52,8 340 1,19,3 810 2,84,31 1215 4,26,4 5 25 40 0 65 4 Rolling mill -1 237 83,1 333 1,16,8 792 2,77,992 792 277992 TMT 87 83 Bars/Sections/ Flats/pipes
5 Rolling Mill -2 ------396 1,38,99 TMT 6 Bars/Sections/ Flats/pipes
Total 237 831 333 1,16,8 792 2,77,99 1188 4,16,9 87 83 2 88
The proposed project is merger of existing two units and expansion of production capacity of MS Billets to 4,26,465 TPA & that of Rolling mill will be 4,16,988 TPA after 3 phases , by upgrading the capacities of Induction furnaces and Rolling mill and installing additional Induction furnace and Rolling mill in the existing premises where induction Furnaces & Rolling Mill are in operation.
The details of proposed merger and expansion are as given in the table below.
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1.6 Location of Project
The proposed expansion project will be located at the Existing premises situated at Sy.Nos.327,328 and 338/A2, Chinnasankarampet (V&M), Medak District, Telangana state.
1.7 Project Cost
The total cost of the proposed expansion project will be Rs. 22.00 Cr. for 3
Phases.
The phase wise breakup is as follows. S No Phase Amount in Rs Cr. 1 1st phase 3.00 2 2nd phase 7.00 3 3rd phase. 12.00
1.8 Scoping of EIA Study.
Terms of References
The project comes under category 3(a ) of EIA Notification under Metullurgical industries (Ferrous & Non Ferrous) under secondary metallurgical processing industry under non toxic category. The unit is category B project and comes under purview of state appraisal committee of MOEF &CC Telengana
As the project proponent was directed in the SEAC meeting held on 19.04.2017 to prepare EIA report, as per the standard terms of reference (TORS) issued by the MoEF&CC, GoI, available in the website, the EIA study was carried out during March-May,2017, as per the standard TORs.
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The standard TORs are as follows
Standard TORS
Reconnaissance survey of the region was carried out during the first week of February 2017, and various sampling locations to monitor environmental parameters have been identified. Subsequently, monitoring has commenced for collection of data on meteorology, ambient air quality, surface and ground water quality, soil characteristics, noise levels, flora and fauna at the specified locations. The other studies such as socio-economic profile, land use pattern etc. are based on secondary data collected from various government agencies and validated through the primary surveys. The ambient air monitoring locations have been selected based on the initial Air Dispersion Modeling carried out by using the meteorological data generated at India Meteorological Department (IMD).
Field team of M/s Lawn Enviro Associates, the environmental laboratory associated with M/s. PridhviEnvirotech (P) Limited, worked in the study area during the months of March,2017 to May,2017 and base line data for various environmental components i.e., air, water, soil, noise and flora and fauna and socio economic status of the people was collected in a circular area of 10 km radius by taking the industry site as the center point to assess the existing environmental status as per the guidelines specified by Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF), Government of India. This report presents the results of Environmental Impact Assessment study along with the Environmental Management Plan, necessary to contain the observed environmental impacts of the proposed primary metallurgical project.
Environmental impact assessment study involves three basic components, ie, identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts.
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Accordingly the detailed scope of EIA study is as follows;
An intensive reconnaissance and preliminary collection of environmental information to plan field study. Field studies to collect preliminary information, particularly on the quality of the physical environment. Experienced scientists and engineers will collect the data. Base line data generation and characterization of air, water, soil, noise and vegetation in the ten kilometer radius area (impact zone) over a period of Three months. A thorough study of the process including provisions for pollution control, and environmental management that includes prediction of impacts and relevant mathematical modeling. Preparation of Environmental monitoring program. Preparation of Environmental Management plan suggesting suitable methods for mitigating and controlling the pollution levels. Environmental monitoring plan is suggested for monitoring the pollution loads at various facilities in the premises and to ensure compliance with the statutory requirements
Copy of the TORs and compliance report on TOR are given at Annexure I of the report.
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1.9 Environmental sensitivities & significant impacts of the project considered
The Plant area lies haldivagu watershead of Medak District.The location is in rural back ground with a total population of around 99,000 in 62 villages covering 4 mandal in the study area of 10 KM radius of the site. There are 9 Reserve forests in the 10 KM radius of the site and no endangered species of flora and fauna. There are no National parks/ Bio reserves/Wildlife sanctuaries in the 10KM radius
The Key significant Environmental Impacts considered are Air pollution from the induction furnaces and slag handling facilities. Water to be drawn from ground water resources Impacts on flora and fauna from the process emissions , social impact of the expansion project on nearby population are to be considered These key impacts are discussed in detail and mitigation measures are addressed in Environmental Management Plan
1.10 Policy, legal and administrative framework
This Section presents a review of the existing institutions and legislations relevant to this project, at the National and the State Levels. Regulations concerning procedures and requirements that may directly concern the project
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1.10.1 Institutional Setting for the Project
The proposed expansion project will be located at the Existing premises situated at Sy.Nos.327,328 and 338/A2, Chinnasankarampet (V&M), Medak District, Telangana state.
1.10.2 Institutional Setting in the Environmental Context
The environmental regulations, legislation policy guidelines and control that may impact this project, are the responsibility of a variety of government agencies. In all, as discussed in the subsequent sections, the following agencies would play important roles in this project.
1.10.3 Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF & CC)
The primary responsibility for administration and implementation of the Government of India’s policy with respect to environmental management, conservation, ecologically sustainable development and pollution control rests with the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF &CC). MoEF & CC is the agency primarily responsible for the review and approval of EIAs pursuant to G.o.I Notification in September, 2006 and subsequent amendments
1.10.4 MoEF & CC Regional Offices
The Ministry of Environment and Forests Regional office in Chennai is responsible for collection and furnishing of information relating to compliance to conditions of Environmental clearance of projects, pollution control measures, methodology
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and status, legal and environment measures and environmental protection in special conservation areas such as wetlands, mangroves and biological reserves.
1.10.5 State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB)
The Telengana State Pollution Control Board play the role of environmental management at the state level, which emphasis on air and water qualities. The project needs to obtain Consent for Establishment (CFE) & Consent for Operation (CFO) before construction and during operational phase of project. It enforces the waste water and air emission standards compliance and other conditions of EC and CFE/CFO granted. It is also responsible for granting of authorization under Hazardous Waste Management, Transboundary movement Rules 1998
1.10.6 Departments of Environment and Forests (DOEF)
They perform the functions similar to the MoEF & CC at the state level. The department of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology performs the functions in Telangana.
1.10.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROJECT
The primary responsibility for administration and implementation of the GOI policy with respect to conservation, ecologically sustainable development and pollution control rests with the MoEFC. The MoEFC is responsible to enforce the regulations established pursuant to the National Conservation Strategy, National Forest Policy, the Policy for Abatement of Pollution (1992) and the Indian Environmental Protection Act 1986, revised
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in 1994 and amended subsequently in 1997. The SO 1533, dt. 14.9.2006 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, identified Metullurgical industries including secondary metallurgical manufacturing unit as one of the projects requiring clearance from the MoEF & CC. Therefore, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a statutory requirement for Radha Smelters Limted to get Environmental clearance for their expansion activity
1.10.8 OTHER STATUTORY LICENSES/PERMISSION
1.10.9 Director of Factories & boilers
Under Factories Act 1948 as amended, the unit required to obtain clearance for expansion activities and for construction of new production block and other utilities.
1.10.10 Other State Level Clearance Requirements
Local Panchayat
The unit need to obtain permission for construction and new activities proposed from local Panchayat of Chinnasankarmpeta
The Telangana Fire & Emergency Services
The Fire Services Act 1999 came into force from 1.2.2001 to ensure fire safety in erstwhile Andhra Pradesh State and render efficient service in fire protection and fire prevention. The same Act is in force in the state of Telangana. The approval of rules for implementing the act is under active consideration of the Govt.
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All hazardous process industries need to obtain NOC from the state fire & Emergency services and maintain the infrastructure for handling any emergencies
1.10.11 REQUIRED STATUTORY LICENSES AT A GLANCE:
The table gives the requirement & status of various applicable clearances for the project and its current status
License/NOC /Approval S.NO Nodal Agency Current Status requirements 1 Ministry of Environmental Clearance Obtained TOR and Environment, this EIA report Forests & Climate submitted for the change grant of EC State Level EIA Authority 2 Local Panchayat Lay out & Building plan Will be applied approvals once the EC is cleared as EC is mandatory requirement before issues of the same 3 State Ground water Permission for ground The unit will take Board water drawal permission for enhanced drawal of ground water once EC is granted 4 Director of Factories Permission of expansion Will apply once activity and approval of Environmental building plans clearance is issued 5 Telangana Fire NOC for fire safety Will be applied Services and once EC is cleared Emergency Services by the MOEF&CC
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6 Telangana State Consent for Establishment Will be applied Pollution Control Consent for operation after getting Board Environmental Water & Air Acts Clearance Can be obtained once expansion activity is ready for operation 7 Hazardous Waste Authorization Can be obtained (Management & once expansion transboundary activity is ready for movement) Rules operation 1998
1.11 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT
The report is organized in 12 chapters as follows
Chapter 1 is introduction chapter which highlights briefly about the project, introduction to project proponents, nature & size of the project and its importance & Scope of study
Chapter 2 Outlines project description provides the complete description of the expansion project of Radha Smelters Limited. The details are presented from the environmental perspective along with the salient features such as land use, process adopted, water consumption and waste water discharges, solid wastes generation, resource requirement for the project and current compliance levels of the unit vis-à-vis previous clearances from Pollution Control Board.
Chapter 3 Discuss the study area, period, components & Methodology adopted, base line data established and environmental components
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Chapter 4 Discuss the details of investigated environmental impacts due to project at various stages of development and operations. Also the chapter outlines the measures for minimizing or off-setting adverse impacts identified and mitigation measures
Chapter 5 Discuss the details of alternative technologies
Chapter 6 Discuss the details of environmental monitoring program, frequencies & costs during implementation and operation
Chapter 7 Discuss the potential hazards and risks associated with project & risk mitigation measures proposed and out lines disaster management plan
Chapter 8 Discuss the benefits from the project to various stake holders
Chapter 9 Discuss the Environmental Cost Benefit analysis ( Not specified in TOR in this case
Chapter 10 Discuss detailed Environmental Management Plan which addresses the measures to be adopted for effective environmental conservation measures. It also gives estimated budget for implementation of EMP, both capital investment and recurring costs
Chapter 11 gives the Summary & Conclusion of the EIA and justification of implementation of project
Chapter 12 Gives the Credentials of Pridhvi Envirotech, their accreditation details and team which conducted the EIA studies
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Project Description
2.1 Brief Description of Project
The proposed project is merger of existing two units and expansion of production capacity of MS Billets to 4, 26,465 TPA & Rolled products TMT bars/Sections/Flats/Pipes to 4, 16,988 TPA after 3 phases, by upgrading the capacities of Induction furnaces and Rolling mill and installing additional Induction furnace and Rolling mill in the existing premises where induction Furnaces & Rolling Mill are in operation.
The following are the details of proposed installations and products with production capacity.
Table 2.1 Current & Proposed Installations & Products
Capacities after expansion Present Phase 1 Phase 2 2- Phase 3 5-6 S One Year 3 Years years No Furnace Prod Capa Capa Produ Capac Product Productio ucti Capacity city city ction ity ion n on TPD TPD TPD TPA TPD TPA TPA TPA 1 Induction 70 2457 155 54405 405 1,42,155 405 1,42,155 furnace-1 0 Ingots/MS Billets 2 Induction 80.5 2825 185 64935 405 1,42,155 405 1,42,155 furnace-2 5 MS Billets 3 Induction ------405 1,42,155 furnace-3 MS Billets Total 150. 52,8 340 1,19,3 810 2,84,31 1215 4,26,465 5 25 40 0 4 Rolling mill -1 237 83,1 333 1,16,8 792 2,77,992 792 277992 TMT 87 83
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Bars/Sections/Fl ats/pipes 5 Rolling Mill -2 ------396 1,38,996 TMT Bars/Sections/Fl ats/pipes Total 237 831 333 1,16,8 792 2,77,99 1188 4,16,988 87 83 2 . Table No 2.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT Project Site Sy Nos. 327,328 and 338/A2 , Chinnasankarampet (V&M),Medak district, Telangana state Latitude Plot wise Longitude and Latitudes are Longitude given in the location details. Total area of project site 18.22 Acres Total area of green belt 6.10 Ac proposed Present Production capacity MS Billets – 52,825 TPA TMT Bars– 83,187 TPA Proposed Products & MS Billets - 4,26,465 TPA Production TMT Bars/Sections/Flats/pipes – 4,16,988 TPA Cost of expansion project Rs. 22.00 Cr. for 3 phases. 1stphase-Rs3.00 Cr. 2ndphase-Rs7.00Cr & 3rd phase – Rs. 12.00 cr. Total Water Requirement after 441.5 KLD : 192 KLD recycled water and expansion 249.5 KLD fresh water Nearest reserve forest Polamalli R.F.@ 3.36 KM in SE There are 9 Reserve Forests around the site Nearest National High Way N H44 @ 7.0 KM, EAST
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Nearest village Shankarampet@ about 0.5 KM,SW
2.2 Need for the Project
The company is presently operating one induction Furnace, reheating furnace (Stand by) and a Rolling mill as unit1 and one Induction furnace with one continuous casting machine as unit 2 individually to produce MS billets and steel bars at the existing premises. Now it is proposed to merge the two units and expand the production capacity to 4,26,465 TPA of MS Billets and 4,16,988TPA TMT bars/Sections/Flats/Pipes, by upgrading the capacities of Induction furnaces and Rolling mill and installing additional Induction furnace and Rolling mill at the same premises
Steel Industry as a Whole
Crude steel production grew at 5% annually (CAGR) from 74.29 mtpa in 2011-12 to 89.79 mtpa in 2015-16. Such growth in production was driven by capacity expansion, from 90.87 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) in 2011-12 to 121.97 mtpa in 2015-16, a CAGR growth of 9% during this five year period. Production for sale of total finished steel (alloy + non-alloy) stood at 90.98 million tonnes during 15-16, as against 75.69 million tonnes in 2011-12, an average annual (CAGR) growth of 6%. Domestic real consumption of total finished steel (alloy + non-alloy) was at 81.52 million tonnes in 2015-16 as against 71.02 million tonnes in 2011-12, growing at a CAGR of 4.2% during the last five years. Export of total finished steel (alloy + non-alloy) during 2015-16 stood at 4.08 million tonnes (4.59 million tonnes in 2011-12) while import of total finished steel (alloy + non-alloy) during the same year stood at 11.71 million tonnes (6.86 million tonnes in 2011-12)
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(Source : Annual Report 2016-17 of Ministry Of Steel, Government of India)
The ever increasing demand and opportunities for export in steel industry have prompted the company to expand the existing facility at the same premises, as a measure of expanding the production capacity so as to capture major markets while ensuring the quality of products.
2.3 Location
The proposed project is to be located over the existing premises at Sy. Nos. 327,328 and 338/A2, Chinnasankarampet (village & Mandal), Medak district, Telangana state.
The project site is located between Lattitudes N 17059’22.0’’ N 17059’21.8’’ N 17059’22.5’’ N 17059’21.6’’ N 17059’14.7’’ N 17059’19.2’’ N 17059’17.3’’ N 17059’17.1’’ N 17059’17.4’’ N 17059’17.8’’ N 17059’17.7’’ N 17059’12.2’’ N 17059’11.8’’ N 17059’14.5’’ N 17059’14.6’’ and Longitudes E 78o24’55.6’’ E 78o24’56.7’’ E 78o24’57.0’’ E 78o25’02.6’’ E 78o25’01.0’’ E 78o24’55.5’’ E 78o24’55.0’’ E 78o24’53.2’’ E 78o24’50.1’’ E 78o24’49.9’’ E 78o24’48.5’’ E 78o24’47.2’’ E 78o24’50.6’’ E 78o24’52.4’’ E 78o24’53.0’’.
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2.4 Site Sensitivity: The nearest human settlement from the site is Chinnasankarampet village located at a distance of 0.5 km in South West direction Total number of villages in 10 KM radius of the site is 62 and the total population in 10 KM radius is 99,019 Nearest town is Chegunata is at a distance of 4.9 KM with a population of around 5,740 Narasampalli Cheruvu is at 400M from North Direction and Haidi River at 9.4 Km from South west direction. ZP High school is in Chinnasakaram Pet which is about 1 KM away from the site One primary health ceter in Chinnasankarampet Polamalli Reserve forest is at a distance of 3.36 km in South East direction. Total there are 9 reserve forests within 10 KM radius of the site The major road access to the site is NH-44 which is at a distance of 7.0 KM on the East. Chegunta to Medak Road is which is now in expansion as 4 lane road connects the site to National Highway The nearest railway station is Wadiaram Railway station at a distance of 6.0 km from the site in the East direction There are no sanctuaries, ecologically sensitive areas or national parks with in 10km radius of the site.
Location Map of the Industry is given at Figure 2.0 The Topo sheet of the area is given at Figure 2.1 The Base feature of the study area is given at Figure 2.2
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The Google Map of the area is given at Figure 2.3 Plant Lay out and Photographs of the existing plant and green belt are given at Figure 2.4
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Fig.2.0.0 LLocation Map of the project
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Fig 2.1 TOPO Map of Project Site & Study Area
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2.2 BASE MAP OF THE PROJECT SITE & STUDY AREA
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Fig 2.3 – GOOGLE MAP OF THE SITE
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FIG 2.4. PLANT LAYOUT
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FIG 2.4 PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING SURROUNDINGS
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2.5 Size & Magnitude of Operation
The proposed production capacities are as given in the table below
Table 2.3 Proposed Production Capacities (TPA) S Installations Product Proposed No Production
Induction Furnaces -3 Billets 4,26,465 Tons 1 Nos.
Continuous casting machine-1 No.
2 Rolling Mills- 2 Nos. TMT bars/Sections/Flats/Pipes 4,16,988 Tons
2.5.1 PROPOSED SHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION
In the process of obtaining Environmental Clearance to the proposed project as per the EIA notification, 2006, M/s. Radha Smelters Limited submitted application in the prescribed Form1, along with Pre Feasibility Report and Standard Template, to SEIAA, Telangana state, to obtain Terms of Reference for carrying out EIA study in and 10 KM around the project site.
After detailed discussions on the application submitted and the presentation about the details of the project made in the SEAC meeting, the project proponent was directed to conduct EIA study and prepare the EIA report, as per the standard terms of reference (TORs) issued by the MoEF&CC, GoI, which are available in the website, vide Agenda Item No.24 of Minutes of the SEAC Meeting held on 19.04.2017.
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The EIA study has been carried out and the draft EIA report has been prepared as per standard terms of reference for submission to SEAC Telangana
The project will be implemented in 3 phases as detailed below
In the 1st phase, capacity of existing furnaces will be increased to manufacture 1,19,340 TPA. Rolling mill capacity would be increased to 1,16,883 TPA. First phase scheduled to be completed in one year once permissions are given.
In Phase II capacities of two furnaces will be further increased to 2,84,310 TPA. Rolling Mill capacity will be increased to 2,77,992 TPA. This phase will be completed in 2-3 years period after getting EC
In Phase III an additional induction furnace with a capacity of 405 TPD capacity will be added and one additional rolling mill will be added. This phase will be completed in 5-6 years period. The capacity of MS Billets after phase III would be 4,26,465 MTPA and that of rolling mill would be 4,16,988 MTPA
2.6 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DESCRIPTION
2.6.1 Alternative technologies
Steel production is mainly done by 3 routes
Blast furnace
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Electrical Arc Furnace Induction furnace The Blast furnace technology is highly capital intensive and small& Medium scale units can not make such high investment
The Electrical Arc Furnace is also high capital intensive but low energy requirement. However process complication is higher The Induction furnace is well established technology for small and medium scale units. As the existing unit is also based on induction furnace and in first two phases, it is proposed to enhance the capacity of furnaces. In the third phase it is proposed to add one additional induction furnace
2.6.2 Technology Proposed
The technology of manufacturing MS Billets &TMT bars of specification FE 500, FE 550 and FE 600 in induction furnace and bar mill is Induction Furnace-Continuous Casting Machine –Rolling Mill route process.
2.6.3 Assessment of New & untested technology for the risk of technological failure
The technology presently employed in the manufacture of MS Billets and Steel Construction Bars using Induction Furnace & Rolling Mill is well established and widely adopted technology.
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The technology proposed for manufacturing MS Billets & TMT bars of specification FE 500, FE 550 and FE 600 & sections/Flats & Pipes is well tested and proven for consistent quality & quantity of output and is adopted worldwide.
Hence there is no risk of technological failure.
2.6.4 Manufacturing Process
The greatest advantage of the induction furnace is its low capital cost compared to other types of steel melting units. Its installation is relatively easier and its operation is simpler. The molten metal in an induction furnace is circulated automatically by electromagnetic action so that when alloy additions are made, a homogeneous product is ensured in minimum time. While making steel in the electric induction furnace, the fore-most consideration is the optimum utilization of the furnace as well as elimination of delays. The time between tap and charge, the charging time, power delays etc are items of utmost importance in meeting the objective of maximum output in ton/hour at a low operation cost.
2.6.4.1 The Charge
Sponge Iron constitutes the major raw material for Billet making form the induction furnace where selected Sponge Iron of consistence quality, preferably the same as that of the steel to be produced, is mainly used. This is because elimination of some elements from the molten metal is difficult in an induction furnace melting and in the cases where these are presents in high difficult in an induction furnace melting, dilution is the only possible solution. That is why procurement of the appropriate kind of sponge iron (Fe. Metallic 80 to 90) is the utmost importance in furnace melting practice.
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The charge should be compact and should consist of a number of small pieces of solid selected steel scrap is collected on the working platform and is charged into the furnace through the top opening.
2.6.4.2 Melting the Charge
After the furnace is switched on currents starts at a high rate and low voltage through the induction furnace coils, producing an induced magnetic field inside the central space of the coils where the crucible is located. The induced magnetic fluxes thus generated cut through the packed charge in the crucible, which is placed centrally inside the induction coil. As the magnetic flux cut through the scraps and complete the circuit, they generate an induced eddy current in the scrap. This induced eddy current, as it flows through the high resistive path of scrap, generates tremendous heat and melting starts. It is thus apparent that the melting rate depends primarily on two factors. (I) the density of fluxes and (II) compactness of the charge. The charge arrangement has already been described. The magnetic flux can be controlled by varying the input power of the furnace, especially the current and frequency.
In a medium frequency furnace the frequency range normally varies between 150to100K cycles/second. This heat is generally developed mainly in the outer rim of the metal in the charge but is carried quickly to the centre. Soon a pool of molten metal forms in the bottom causes the charge to sink. At this point, any remaining charge is added gradually. The eddy current, which generated in the charge, has other uses. It imparts a motor effect on the liquid steel, which is thereby stirred and mixed and heated more homogeneously. This stirring effect is inversely proportional to the frequency of the furnace & so the furnace frequency is selected in accordance with the purpose for which the furnace will be utilized. The
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motion of the metal continues till all the charge is melted and the bath develops a convex surface. However, as the convex surface is not favorable to slag treatment, the power input is then naturally decreased to flatten the convexity and to reduce the circulation rate when refining under a reduced slag. The reduced flow of the liquid metal accelerates the purification reaction by constantly bringing new metal into close contact with the slag. Before the actual reduction of steel is done, the liquid steel, which might contain some trapped oxygen, is first treated with some suitable de-oxidizer.
When no purification is attempted, the chief metallurgical advantage of the process attribute to the stirring action are uniformity of the product, control over the super heat temperature, and the opportunity afforded by the conditions of the melt to control de-oxidation through proper additions. As soon as charge has melted clear and de-oxidized action have ceased, any objectionable slag is skimmed off, and the necessary alloy elements are added. When these additives have melted and then been defused through the bath, the power input may be increased to bring the desired temperature of the molten metal for pouring. The current is then turned off and the furnace is tilted for pouring.
2.6.4.3 STEEL MELTING SHOP
Steel Melt Shop (SMS) is created to melt the Sponge Iron along with melting scrap and fluxes to make pure liquid steel and then to mould it in required size billets. The shop consists of following equipment and subassemblies:
Induction Furnaces: Induction furnace is a device to melt the charge material using electrical power. It consist of Crucible lined with water cooled induction coils, Electrical system to give controlled power to induction coil,
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Hydraulic tilting system, Heat exchanger to cool the circulating water, water softener for generating soft water, furnace transformer, Power Factor improvement system and surge suppressor.
Ladles: Ladles are pots with refractory lining inside to withstand 1600 deg C temperature. It has side arms so that can be lifted with the help of crane. Ladles are used to store the liquid steel from Induction Furnace and take it for further processing. Ladles are with bottom nozzle and pneumatically operated gate for discharge of liquid.
Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF): Ladle furnace is a mini electric arc furnace. It has three carbon electrodes, roof to cover the ladle, and furnace transformer of suitable capacity. The operation of electrodes, roof etc are controlled by hydraulic system. Ladle furnace is used either to keep the liquid steel hot for sequence casting or for further refining of the liquid steel to make better quality steel.
Cranes: Electric Over-head (EOT) cranes of various capacities are used to carry the ladles / materials at different places. Cranes are used in Melting hall to charge melting scrap, remove the ladles to the LRF, further to place it over the Tundish of the Continuous Caster, to remove billets from the cooling bed and store at designated places, and also for other petty use. Accordingly the sizes, capacity and numbers of cranes are decided.
Continuous Casting Machine (CCM): CCM is used to continuously cast the liquid steel in required cross section and in length. It consists of Tundish, Mould, Bow with withdrawal mechanism, straightening mechanism and cooling bed, hydraulic system for withdrawal mechanism, water pumps and cooling towers for water spray on the withdrawn section as well as on the cooling bed. Dummy bar is provided to start the casting. Tundish is a rectangular vessel, lined with refractory and having discharge nozzle with pneumatically operated gate. A stand is erected over it where the ladle is
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stationed for discharging the liquid in it. Mould is of copper with water cooled jacked its cross section in the bottom is of the size of which billet is to be drawn. Initially the dummy for of the same size is kept inserted. When the liquid steel is poured in the mould, the dummy bar is drawn slowly, so that the liquid steel in partially frozen state comes out of the mould. Water spray nozzles are installed to spray water over the just drawn billet to cool it further and to harden the skin of the drawn billet. The withdrawal rolls are used to provide motoring action to the billet to come out and travel further for cooling. The billet is either manually cut or a travelling gas cutter is provided which cuts the billets automatically to desired lengths. Cooling bed is of steel rolls driven by electric motor. Water spray is done from the top till the temperature of billets comes down to desired level. Cooling Tower is provided to cool the water collected from the cooling bed for cooling and re- use
2.6.5 Manufacturing Process on Rolling Mill:
The process involves converting the shape stock viz. billets to desired finished section in hot condition by way of passing the material between a pair of grooved rolls and providing suitable draft at various stages. The whole operation is conducted at a particular temperature range and within a limited time span. The stages of rolling operation are comprised of heating of feed stock to reliable temperature, rolling the feed back in different mill stands, cropping the hot bar during process of rolling between stands as applicable and subsequently finishing in the form of hot rolled deformed bar in straight length. The hot bar coming out of last pass is then conveyed through TMT a cool bed after shearing. The bars at almost ambient temperature are sheared to commercial length stored and kept ready for dispatch. In TMT process hot bars are subjected to quenching by means of
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report an intense cooling installation (cooling installation specially designed water spray system). This step hardens the surface layer to martensite while the core structure remains austenite. When the bar is free of water chamber heat flows from core to surface and surface gets tempered to structure called marten site. In the cooling bed due to atmosphere cooling, the hardened zone is tempered by temperature homogenization in the cross section and the austenite core is transferred to ducktile-ferrite-pearlite core.
Fig No.2.5. PROCESS FLOW CHART
M S SCRAP FLUE GASES SPONGE TO
IRON SCRUBBER
INDUCTION FURNACE
SLAG TO SILICO LANDFIL MANGANES
CONTINUOUS
CASTINGMACHINE
MS BILLETS
RE ROLLING MILL MILL SCALE
RE ROLLED PRODUCTS
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2.6.6 Scrap Handling
Processed & sized scrap will be brought into the scrap storage yard from outside plant or the scrap preparation area. This will be done by. The properly weighed scrap will be transported to the Induction furnace by means of EOT cranes for direct charging.
2.6.7 Slag Handling
De-slaging at the Induction Furnace will be into a slag pot on ground level. The slag will be transported by mobile carrier to the slag cooling area. The slag will be transferred to an outside slag yard and crushed to small pieces and iron present in the slag will be recovered using magnets.
2.6.8 Fume Extraction System – FES
The Induction furnace will be provided with an advanced high efficient gas cleaning system. Dust loaded fumes, generated in the Induction furnace during operation, are extracted directly from the furnace roof canopy provided on furnace. Fumes that escapes during the charge time would be extracted through secondary ducting placed at higher eleveation of shed. Gases from both from primary and secondary ducts will be passed through High-efficient spark arrestor and then enter into pulse jet bag filters. Bag filters cleans the dust and leave the clean air into environment. The dust collected from bag filters would be disposed off along with Slag as it is inert dust
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2.6.9 Re-heating furnace:
In case of any mechanical failure of continuous casting machine, billets needs to be re-heated and then send to rolling mill. Thus re-heating furnace will be kept as stand by. Re-heating furnace is fuelled by producer gas generated from Coal.
2.7 Resource requirement for the project
2.7.1 Raw material requirement
The main raw materials required are Sponge iron, Iron scrap and silico manganese.
The details of raw materials and requirements are given in the table 2.4.
Table 2.4 List of Raw Materials and Daily Requirement After 3 phase expansion
S Raw Requirement Requirement Source No Material TPA TPD
1 Sponge Iron 232450 662 Local & Bellary
2 Iron Scrap 232450 662 Local & neighboring states
3 Silico 4212 12 Local & neighboring Manganese states
Total 4,69,112 1336
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2.7.2 Power Requirement
Power is required for operating the induction furnaces, Concast machine, Rolling mill, scrubber blowers, cooling towers etc and for general lighting in the plant.
Presently the connected load of 14.95 MVA is being sourced from TSCPDCL. The total power requirement of the project after expansion will be approximately 44 MVA and the additional power required after expansion will be sourced from same.
2.7.3 Man Power Requirements
The total man power required after expansion will be 300 as against the present 100.
The manpower includes technical, non technical, administrative and skilled & unskilled labour.
Table 2.5
Details of Man Power
S No Category Nos. 1 Managers & supervisors 15 2 Directly Employed Technical Staff
Skilled / Highly skilled 45
Semi skilled 15
3 Contract Labour 210
4 General & administrative staff 15
Total 300
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2.7.4 Water requirement: Water is required for cooling Induction Furnace coils, scrubber, cooling the
rolled products and domestic consumption.
Table 2. 6
Water Requirement for present & proposed plant capacity
Stream Water Requirement (KLD)
Present After expansion Fresh Recycled Total Rolling Mill 4.0 90 90 180 Cooling water ( Makeup) Scrubber / make 7.0 100 90 190 up for Induction furnace Domestic 5.0 16.5 - 16.5 Dust Suppression 2.0 5.0 - 5.0
Green Belt 2.0 38.0 12.0 50.0 Total 20.0 249.5 192.0 441.5
The water is sourced from the ground water through the bore well existing in the plant area.
2.7.5 Land Requirement :
The unit is having 18.22 acres of land. Out of this 4.41 Acres are utilized for both unit I and Unit II together. Current Green belt area is about 2.50 acres. Additional Land requirement for expansion would be 2.50 Acres for constructions and additional Green belt proposed is 3.60 acres. Below table provides the land statement of the project for current & expansion
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Table 2.7
Land Statement
S No Utilization Present in Ac. After Expansion in Ac.
1 Build up area including 4.41 6.91 storage yards
2 Green Area 2.50 6.10
3 Parking 0.41 0.41
4 Open Area 10.90 4.80
Total 18.22 18.22
Plant lay out is given at fig 2.4
2.8 Environmental aspects from different processes
Raw material handling
Steel re-rolling mills consume steel scrap, Sponge iron, pig iron and other Ferro alloys as needed. Dust generation during transport and storage is expected
Induction furnace
The emissions from induction furnace include suspended particulate matter, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen and CO2. Emissions will be more during charging of material to furnace.
Slag handling
Slag generated from the induction furnace needs to be disposed off. Slag is crushed in slag crusher and iron is removed using magnets. Rest of the crushed slag is used as land fill material
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Re-heating furnace
Producer gas is used for re-heating furnace. As there is continuous casting machine is used, re-heating furnace is kept as standby and will be used only in case of any failure of Continuous casting machine. SPM is source of emission from Coal gassifier
Fly ash handling
The ash handling creates from producer gas unit will create dust emissions
Rolling Mill
Rolling mills generates wastewater used for cooling purpose. Water will be continuously re-cycled after settling heavy suspended matter in water. Some amount of Oil & Grease would also be generated from Mill cooling water
Mill waste
The mill waste is primarily iron waste and having market value. The sludge generated from cooling water settling tanks should be handled properly to avoid land contamination
2.9 Environmental Impacts & Control Systems 2.9.1 Water & Waste Water
Steel making is a heat intensive process wherein a considerable quantity of cooling water is required for control of metallurgical process. Water is mainly needed for cooling various furnace components and furnace transformer oil, domestic consumption and other uses.
Water is not used in manufacture of Billets & TMT bars. Water is used only for cooling purpose. Water circulation systems are planned to facilitate recycling and reuse of 192 KLD of return
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water, after cooling in cooling towers. There is no generation of waste water in the manufacturing process.
The daily total water requirement for the plant after expansion will be 441.5 KL which is sourced from ground water through the bore well existing in the plant premises. Fresh water will be utilized for cooling water make up, Scrubbers & green belt development. The total water balance is given in table 2.8
Table 2.8 Water Balance for present & proposed plant capacity
Stream Water Requirement (KLD) Waste water Treatment Generation and disposal (KLD) method Present Prese After expansion Prese After nt nt expansi Fresh Recycl Total on ed Rolling 4.0 90 90 180 2.0 90 Cooling water is Mill continuously Cooling recycled after water ( settling in the Makeup) tanks Scrubber 7.0 100 90 190 5.0 90 Recycled back. / make up for Induction furnace Domestic 5.0 16.5 - 16.5 4.0 14.0 STP and treated water would be used for green belt Dust 2.0 5.0 - 5.0 - - Suppressi on Green 2.0 38.0 12.0 50.0 - - Belt Total 20.0 249.5 192.0 441.5 11.0 194.0 -
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2.9.1.1 Waste Water treatment & re-use
There is no generation of waste water in the manufacturing activity. Water is primarily used for cooling purposes in induction furnace and rolling mill. Cooling water is recycled after Primary treatment. Domestic water is currently send to septic tank. Keeping in view of expansion activity it proposed to establish an STP and treated water will be used for plantation purpose.
2.9.2 Air Emission Sources & Control
Apart from the existing emission sources, the expansion will add a stack to exhaust fumes from the proposed units as detailed below
Table 2.9: Air Emission Sources & Control
S No Emission source Status Control Stack Emissions equipment height(M) PRESENT
1 induction furnace- Existing Scrubber 30 SPM/NOX/SO2 1 2 Induction furnace- Existing Scrubber 30 SPM/NOx/SO 2 2 3 Reheating furnace Existing 30 SPM/NOx/SO (Stand by) 2 4 DG set:,1x250 KVA Existing 6 M above SO2/ Nox the roof of /SPM DG set room PROPOSED 1 Induction furnace- Proposed Bag Filter 30 SPM/NOx/SO 3 2 4 DG Sets : 2x400 Proposed - 6 M above SO2/Nox/SP KVA & 1x125KVA the roof of M DG set rooms
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Particulate emissions are the main sources of pollution from the proposed activity.
It is proposed to establish a high efficiency fume extraction system with bag filter for both primary and secondary dust extraction system designed to extract the dust and meet the emissions norms of 100 mg/Nm3 at stack level as per CPCB guidelines.
2.9.3 Fugitive Dust Suppression
Fugitive dust is generated at slag crusher & transportation of raw materials and finished products within the plant.
Currently Tractor mounted water tanker is deployed for sprinkling water in the areas within the plant premises and along the approach roads regularly. It is proposed to establish water sprinklers wherever dust generation is anticipated
2.9.4 HAZARDOUS & SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND HANDLING:
Below table provides current & Hazardous and Non Hazardous wastes generated from operations and mode of disposal proposed
Table 2.10
SOLID WASTE GENERATION DISPOSAL:
S No Name of the Quantity of Solid Disposal Option Non Waste Hazardous After Waste Present Expansion TPA TPA Slag after 2100 14,040 Disposed for filling low 1 recovery of level areas and to iron content construction sites
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2 Mill Waste 500 4375 sold to iron scrap dealers 3 STP sludge - 10 Used as manure for greenbelt 4 Tarry waste 20.0 34.1 Disposed to TSDF, from coal Dundigal gasifier ( if generated) 5 Bottom ash 200 600 Disposed to brick generated makers and cement from coal plants. gasifier ( if generated)
Table 2.11
HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH RECYCLING OPTION:
S No Name of the Quantity of Hazardous Disposal Option Hazardous Waste Waste Present After Expansion Waste Oil 115 350 Lit/yr To be sent to 1 Lit/yr Authorized Reprocessors / Recyclers/Reused in the plant as a lubricant of the machine Used Lead Acid 2 Nos. 6 Nos./yr To be returned to 2 Batteries /yr manufacturers / dealers on buy back basis
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2.9.5 Noise Pollution Noise is anticipated from furnace, rolling mill and DG sets. The DG sets will be kept in separate rooms with acoustic enclosures. The employees working in noise generating areas will be provided with earmuffs. The employees will be trained in the mitigation measures and personal protection measures to be taken to avoid noise related health impacts.
2.10 Current Environmental control mechanisms & Gaps As this is brown field project and going for expansion activity. It is essential to assess the current scenario of environmental impacts from the current operations and controls and to assess the adequacy of current Environmental Management practices. Below table summarizes the current scenario and suggested improvements
S.NO Source Current Current Suggested control scenario improvements system I Air Pollution 1 Induction Wet Currently Bag filter with furnace -1 Scrubber both primary higher capacity duct and of suction is secondary suggested ducts are in place. Scrubber capacity and Suction capacity required to
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be improved 2 Induction Wet Currently Bag filter with furnace -ii Scrubber both primary higher capacity duct and of suction is secondary suggested ducts are in place. Scrubber capacity and Suction capacity required to be improved 3 Coal Wet As continuous Current system Gassifier scrubber casting is sufficient. for re- machine is This is kept as heating commissioned stand by only furnace and re- heating furnace and coal gasifier is kept as stand by only 4 Slag None There is dust It is Crusher generation suggested to from this unit enclose conveyors and provide bag filter with suction points at material transfer points Dust from None Dust is Suggested to crushed observed provide slag closed shed storage for storage of area crushed slag and provide water sprinklers 5 Dust from Tractor Dust It is
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Roads with generation is suggested to sprinklers observed establish are sprinklers. wetting roads
II Water Pollution 1 Rolling mill Water is settled in There is oil & It is Cooling settling tanks and grease suggested to water re-used observed establish primary treatment of water to remove oil & Grease and suspended solids
2 Domestic Currently about Water re-use It is waste 120 Employees are is not there suggested water working in the establish STP factory. There is and re-use small worker the treated canteen is also domestic there. Domestic waste water effluents are send for plantation to septic tank purpose followed by soak pit
III Solid waste Management 1 Slag waste Slag waste is Shed storing Suggested to crushed and crushed slag provide crushed waste is is not storage shead used for land sufficient for slag filling purpose. It waste is given out siders also who ever request for the same 2 Mill Waste Mill waste is Currently mill It is
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collected and sold waste while suggested to as bi-product de-watering provide plat and drying form for de- kept on watering the ground which slag and can lead to provide shed contamination for storage of the same until disposed IV Storm Water Management & Rain water harvesting 1 Storm Currently few Not adequate It is water cement drains suggested to established for upgrade proper flow of storm water storm water management in the company wherever water logging is reported in heavy rain period 2 Rain water Few rain water re- Rain water is Total storm harvesting charge pits are not water observed at the adequately anticipated is site re-charged estimated in currently EIA report. IT is proposed to establish 6 re-charge structure in the company V Green Belt Development 1 Greenery Out of total 18.22 Current green It is proposed acres green belt is belt is not to increase developed in adequate green belt about 2.5 acres from current 2.2 acres to 6.1 acres. Already activity started
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VI Occupational Health and Safety 1. Personal Helmets, Shoes, Enforcement It is Protective nose masks are needs suggested to equipment provided to improvement conduct employees frequent working in shop training floor and material classes to handling areas employees on wearing the PPEs 2 Fire Portable fire As per the It is fighting extinguishers are Inspection suggested to equipment provided at all report of the conduct mock vulnerable points fire drill once in department, six months current facilities are adequate 3 Emergency Siren for Siren is It is siren emergency provided in suggested to evacuation production conduct mock areas of drill once in furnace and six months rolling mill 4 Ambulance 24 hour vehicle Adequate Adequate availability is there in the plant to meet any emergency 5 Fire Tenders Nearest fire Adequate. Adequate. tender is Water Emergency available at storage sump numbers Ramayampet at the plant shall be which is 14 KM is currently maintained from site can hold 300 by KL capacity emergency controller. Suggested Emergeny Deisel operated pump 6 Health Currently no Not adequate It is
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Monitoring structured system suggested to of health establish the monitoring of health employees surveillance system as described in EIA report
7 Occupational First air facility Need to Periodic Helath center is established in enhance the training is and first aid the plant with facilities required for facilities adequate trained in house staff personal 8 Tie up with Local Need to It is Local Government and enter into suggested to Hospitals private nursing formal enter into homes identified agreement formal with agreement hospitals for with private emergency & government care Nursing homes in Ramayampet & Medak area VII – Environmental Monitoring program 1 Regular Not structured Not It is suggested monitoring of program adequate to establish emissions the environmental monitoring program as prescribed in EIA report VIII – Staffing for EMP Implementation Environmental Not structured Not Dedicated staff Management currently. adequate for cell Partly looked Environment & after by Head Safety is office and suggested for partly by plant implementation manager office and monitoring
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Current in adequacies are addressed in Environmental Management plan and budget provisions are proposed for effective implementation
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3.0 Preamble
Collection of base line data is an integral aspect of the preparation of environmental impact assessment report. Baseline data reflects the present status of environment before the initiation of any activity of the proposed project. The possible effects due to the proposed merger and expansion project of M/s. Radha Smelters Limited are estimated and superimposed on the compiled baseline data subsequently to assess environmental impacts.
Baseline environment assessment was conducted in the impact zone of 10 km surrounding the site area during the months of March 2017 - May 2017. Studies were undertaken to generate baseline data of micrometeorology, air quality, water quality, noise levels, flora and fauna, land use, soil quality, Ecology biodiversity and socio-economic status of the community were collected in a circular area of 10 km radius surrounding the project site.
3.1 Land Environment
Land and soil constitute the basic components of the physical environment. The expansion of this unit may not cause significant changes in land, land use, soil and denudation processes.
3.1.1 Physiography
M/s.Radha Smelters Limited propose the merger and expansion project in the existing plant premises at Sy.Nos.326, 327&338/2A, Chinna sankarampet (Vil & Mandal), Medak District, Telangana state. The project site is about 7.0 Km
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report away from the NH7 on the east and about 0.5 Km from the Chinnasankarampet village. The nearest railway station is Wadiyaram Railway station at a distance of 6.0 km from the site on the East. There are no sanctuaries, ecologically sensitive areas or national parks within 10km radius of the site.
3.1.2 Topography:
The Radha Smelters Limited site is in the Chinna Shankarampet mandal village of Medak district, and is located 0.5 km northeast of village. It is also about 17 km southeast of Medak, and 6.0 km northwest of Wadiaram railway station. The site is accessible from the National Highway No.7, through Chegunta – Medak road, and is also connected by all weathered roads. The study area is as well shown in Toposheet Nos. 56K/5,9,127 18 of the Survey of India,
The area overall is distinguished by the pediment-inselberg complex, gently undulating plain abounding with a number of small hills, mounds, dykes, etc. Outcrops of denudational gneissic hills are seen about 10 km west of the site. The area around the project site constitute matured, dissected, undulating and rolling topography with erosional landscape covered by a layer of reddish-brown loamy soil of varied thickness. Geomorphologically the land site area forms a pediplain area with north westerly regional slope towards Manjira River, and locally with a gentle slope towards Haldi river in the south. The area is underlain by weathered granite gneisses with general elevation in the range of 525-530 m above mean sea level (amsl).
Topo map of the study area and Water shed details of proposed project site is given in Figure 3.1
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3.1 Topo map of the study area Showing Water shed
The Project Site Neighbourhood as interpreted from the Google Map is shown in the Figure-3.2
Project Site Location and Surroundings
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Land use / Land cover Classification of the Study area Based on the scale and the satellite resolution the Land Use/Land Cover classification can be made. The satellite data of IRS LISS IV was used while carrying out the analysis. Since digital image processing was carried out to delineate various land use / land cover categories viz. build up area, crop areas and forests, waste lands such as land with or without scrub, water bodies and Transportation. Necessary training sets were identified based on tone, texture, size, and shape pattern and location information. The interpreted map was verified on ground at limited points and final land use / land cover map was prepared.
The Satellite image of the study area is given at Figure 3.3 and land use and land cover map of the study area is given at Figure3.4
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Figure 3.3 Satellite image of the study area
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Figure 3.4 Land Use and Land Cover map of the study area
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Below table provides landnd uuse for various requirements in the studystu area
TABLE 3.1
Land Use/La/Land Cover classes in Study area
LULC PATTERN AREA (IN SQ/KM) AREA (IN %)
FOREST 79.086 24.20
WATERBODIES 16.857 5.16
BUILT UP AREA 8.706 2.66
OPEN SCRUB 46.814 14.32
AGRICULTURE 175.375 53.66 LAND TOTAL LAND 326.837 100.00
The Pie diagram of thee lanland use is given in Figure 3.5. BaseBased on the study it can be noted that 14.31% is Open Scrub land, 53.66.66% of total land area are agriculturere lalands, 5.16 % are waterbodies andd 2 2.66 % is Builtup area.
Figure 3.5
Pie Diagram ShowingSh Land use & Land cover area
LandUse &Landnd CCover Distribution Of M/s.Radha Smelteelter Ltd,Utd,Unit-I and II,Sy.No.327, 328 & 338/A2,Ch2,Chinnashakarampet(V) Medak Dist. Telangana State.((IN %)
FOREST 24.20% WATERBODIES
BUILT UP AREA 5.16% 53.66% OPEN SCRUB 2.66% AGRICULTURE LAND 14.32%
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3.3 Geology
The geological formations encountered in the Medak district are of Archaean, Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary, Pleistocene and Recent Groups. The geology of the district comprises of Archaean granites and gneisses comprising older metamorphic rocks, peninsular gneissic complex (migmatites), remnants of Deccan Trap flows, and younger intrusive rocks. The lithological units include granites, gneisses, schists, younger granites, basalts, laterites, dolerites, and amphibolites. The general geological distribution is shown in Figure 3.6. Geological Distribution in Medak District
The Archaean or Peninsular gneisses occur all over the district, including the project site area. These are of Lower Precambrian times and partially metamorphosed igneous rocks. They remained stable as a "Shield" area for a very long time. The rocks are composed of grey or pink feldspars, quartz and muscovite mica. The pink granite together with its pegmatite and quartz veins was a later intrusion than the grey granite, as indicated by the presence of enclaves of the latter in the former and also the intrusive relation of the former with the latter. The
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dark minerals of granite include biotite mica and hornblende and other minerals like apatite, zircon etc. The important rock types are granites, grano-diorites and banded gneisses. In some areas, the peninsular gneisses are traversed by a dolerite dykes which represent the last phase of igneous activity of the Archaean period.
Recent Alluvium occurs along the Haldi Vagu river course, and its tributaries and stream courses and ranges from few to tens of meters in thickness. The fluvial (river) alluvium forming the unconsolidated sediments comprise of rock, sand, silt and clay sediments in varying amounts with variable effective porosity and permeability.
Structural features The investigated area is mainly occupied with hard rock formations. These are devoid of any primary porosity. The secondary porosity occurs through structures like faults, joints, cleavage fractures, lineation, and foliation, all of which serve as channel ways for the circulation of palaeomagnetism and dykes in the geological times, and presently some act as ground water conduits.
The intensity and direction of “lineaments” in the area are prominently in the northwest-southeast and northeast- southwest directions.
3.4 Water Environment
The industrial development of any region is contingent on the availability of sufficient water resources, as most of the process industries would require water for process or cooling purposes. The potential for exploitation of ground water resources
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increases as development of new projects increases in industrial and agricultural areas. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization the possibilities of contamination of surface water and ground water sources are rapidly increasing. The water resources in the area broadly fall into following categories: 1. Surface Water resources : Streams and ponds, etc. 2. Ground Water resources : Accumulation in deeper strata of ground.
3.4.1 Ground Water Conditions Ground water occurrence, movement and recharge to aquifers are controlled by the degree of weathering, fracture pattern, geomorphological setup and rainfall. Granites and Gneisses of peninsular gneissic group constitute major hard rock aquifers in the area. Ground water occurs in phreatic condition in the weathered zone and under semi-confined condition in the fractured and jointed rock formations.
The depth of the bore wells in the Archaean crystallines (esp. granite gneisses) varies from 40 to >150 m, and even some were drilled down to 200 m. The depth of weathering ranges between 5.5 and 15 m bgl. The ground water yields generally range from < 1.0 lps to 3.0 lps (liters per second), with some instances of up to 5.0 lps. The depth of dug wells ranges between 10 to 30 Ft yielding 1.5 to 75 cu.m/day with the average pumping of 4-5 hrs/day. In-well bores were drilled in some dug wells down to a depth of 20 to 30 m. The yields of these dug-cum-bore wells range from 0.17 to 1.5 lps.
In weathered/fractured granite and fluvial alluvium areas, the transmissivity values ranges from 100 to 150 sq.m/day and the specific capacity ranges from 0.005 to 0.16 cu.m/m per unit
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The common ground water abstraction structures are dug-cum- bore wells and bore wells and their yields mainly depends on the recharge conditions in the area. Due to increase in number of bore wells, persistent drought conditions, and overdevelopment of ground water the yields in the area have fallen leading to failure of wells. With the prevalence of dug- cum-bore and bore wells, most of the open dug wells in the area are getting dry and even becoming obsolete.
Presently three water supply boreholes of the Smelter Plant are in use. The details of bore wells, as collected during field visit on 29th May 2017, are given in Table 3.2. Bore wells 1 and 2 are located <10.0 m apart, and within the plant premises, where as BW-3 is located about 30 m northwestern side of plant boundary. The bore wells (2” or 50.8 mm diameter) were reported to have been drilled down to a maximum depth of 300 feet with yield ranges of about 2.0 to 4.0 liters per second {(lps, which is equivalent to 180 liters per minute (lpm) and 10800 liters per hour (lph) or 10.80 cubic liters per hour (KLH)}. Each of these is being pumped for about 2 hrs/day with normal breaks using 5 to 7 HP submersible pumps. The depth to water levels of these Plant boreholes normally ranges 12 and 30 m bgl. The ground water levels vary because of it response to seasonal fluctuations and pumping activity.
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Table 3.2. Details of Plant Boreholes Bore Coordinates Elevati Depth Depth to Reported well (N Latitude & E on F bgl. Water, M Yield, No. Longitude) M amsl bgl. Lps. 1 N 17059’ 17.3” : 528 300 22.0 2.80 E 78024’ 53.9” 2 N 17059’ 16.7” : 528 200 25.4 2.30 E 78024’ 53.9” 3 N 17059’15.1” : 435 300 18.5 4.00 E 78024’ 47.7”
3.4.2 Ground Water Levels
Behaviour of ground water level is essentially controlled by physiography, lithology and rainfall. There is general decline and rise of water during pre- and post-monsoon season. The rises are due to the general buildup of water levels in response to rains, and declines are due to erratic monsoon, less recharge (due to urbanization), and exploitation of groundwater resources.
The depth to water levels in the area generally varies from 4 to >30 m bgl. The dug wells usually show phreatic, and the borewells indicate semi-confined conditions. Well inventory of representative dug / borewells were undertaken on 29th May 2017 with in the 5 km radius of the Plant area. As observed in the well inventory the depth to water levels around the plant area ranges from 6.10 to 22.50 m amsl. The wells located near to the percolation tanks have shallow water levels of < 8.0 m bgl, and wells away from tanks record deeper water levels. Generally deep water level conditions of 15 m bgl to more than to 20 m bgl were observed around Chegunta, Rudraram, Chandrapur, Mirzapalli, and Gavalpalli villages (Figures 1 to 3). Whereas the villages around Shankarampet, Ambajipet,
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Wadiaram, and Kamaram indicated moderate water level conditions 6 to 15 m bgl. The general ground water flow gradient in the area is towards Haldi Vagu stream located about 10 km southern direction of the Plant. Overall depth to water levels in the Medak district is in the range of < 3 to 40 m bgl. The fluctuations (decline and rise) of water levels in the district are in the range of zero to 4.0 m during the year 2012 (CGWB, 2013).
The 20-year long term fluctuation data of the representative Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) monitoring stations situated at Shankarampet and Wadiaram were analysed, and the analysed plots are shown in Figures 3.7 and 3.8.
Figure 3.7. Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Shankarampet.
Ground Water Levels of Shankarampet, Ranga Reddy District, Telangana. (Dug Well, 0.7 km northeast of Project Site; Based on Central Ground Water Board Data, Gaps indicate no data) 0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
Decline Trend of 0.46 m/annum 10,0 Depth to Depth Water, mbgl.
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0 Jul-96 Jul-97 Jul-98 Jul-99 Jul-00 Jul-01 Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07 Jul-08 Jul-09 Jul-10 Jul-11 Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17
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Figure 3.8. Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Wadiaram.
Ground Water Levels of Wadiaram, Medak District, Telangana. (Dug Well, 6.20 km southeast of Project Site; Based on Central Ground Water Board Data, Gaps indicate no data) 0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
Decline Trend of 0.17 m/annum Depth to Depth Water, mbgl.
8,0
10,0
12,0 Jul-96 Jul-97 Jul-98 Jul-99 Jul-00 Jul-01 Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07 Jul-08 Jul-09 Jul-10 Jul-11 Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17
The depths of the water levels of the monitoring station at Shankarampet, along with its seasonal water level fluctuations, vary from 4 to 18 m bgl. Being its location away from percolation tanks, Shankarampet well records moderately deeper water levels, with a long term decline of 0.46 m/annum. The Wadiaram dug well shows shallow to moderate water level conditions of 2 to 12 m bgl, because of its nearness to water body. Further analysis and calculation of water level fluctuation data for the years 1994 to 2015 indicate moderate to sharp response of the water levels to the seasonal changes.
3.4.3 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION In collaboration with the state departments, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) carried out ground water resource
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The CGWB has categorized the area as ‘safe’ with the stage of ground water utilization of 90%, indicating good scope for further ground water development. These details are applicable to the study area also, as it forms part of the Mandal.
Table3.3. Ground Water Resources of Shankarampet-A Mandal, Medak District, Telangana.
S Item Total No. (ham) 1. Recharge from Rainfall during Monsoon Season 1183 2. Recharge from Other Sources during Monsoon 139 Season 3. Recharge from Rainfall during Non-monsoon 0 Season 4. Recharge from Other Sources during Non-monsoon 193 Season 5. Total Ground Water Recharge (1+2+3+4) 1515 6. Provision for Natural Discharge 152 7. Net Annual Ground Water Availability (5-6) 1363 8. Stage of Ground Water Development % 90% 9. Category Safe Note: Year of Ground Water Assessment: 2009.
Water Consumption at the Plant
Water at the Radha Smelter Plant is required for cooling Induction Furnace coils, scrubber, cooling the rolled products and domestic consumption. The water is presently sourced from the ground water through the three bore wells located within the plant area. Few more bore wells are required to augment water requirements after the expansion. The water consumption details of the plant are given in Table 3.4
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Table 3.4. Water Requirement for Present and Proposed Plant Capacity
Stream Water Requirement (KLD) Present After Expansion Fresh Recycled Total Rolling Mill Cooling Water 4.0 90.0 90.0 180.0 (Make Up) Scrubber / make up for 7.0 100 90.0 190.0 Induction furnace Domestic 5.0 16.5 - 16.5 Dust Suppression 2.0 5.0 - 5.0 Green Belt 2.0 38.0 12.0 50.0 Total 20.0 249.5 192.0 441.5
3.5 WATER QUALITY The ground water in the Medak district area is generally suitable for both domestic and irrigation purposes. The electrical conductivity ranges from 733 to 5266 microsiemens/cm at 250C. Nitrate values ranges from 20 to 270 mg/l, however 60% of area is reported >45 mg/l of nitrate. Fluoride values are largely within the permissible limits. The ground water in general is suitable for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes with few exceptions such as Nitrate and Fluoride (CGWB, 2013).
The location of bore wells and other sources examined are shown in the Figure 3.9 and analysis results are given table 3.5
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Figure 3.9 Location of ground water samples in the study area
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Table 3.5 Water Analysis Data (Ground water)
Method RESULTS S.No. PARAMETER APHA 22nd Unit Kamara Chinna Project Mirzapal AMBAJI WADIYA CHEGU Edition m Sankara Site le PET RAM NTA tanda m Pet 1 pH 4500 H+B −− 7.56 7.71 8.18 7.07 7.32 7.14 7.80 2 Color (Hazen units) 2120 B Hazen <01 <01 <01 <01 03 <01 04 Total dissolved 3 2540 C mg/l 628 640 786 830 892 740 916 solids Total alkalinity 4 2320 B mg/l 175 178 240 247 269 191 284 as CaCo3 Total hardness as 5 2340 C mg/l 228 232 516 531 578 249 611 CaCo3 6 Calcium as Ca 3500 Ca B mg/l 61 62 120 108 137 86 124 Magnesium as 7 3500-Mg B mg/l 18.35 18.7 52.50 63.44 57.24 8.27 73.16 Mg Sulphates as 8 4500 SO4D mg/l 67 68 73 77 82 73 89 SO4 9 Chlorides as Cl 4500 Cl-C mg/l 190 193 198 204 222 207 235 10 Lead as Pb 3111B mg/l 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.02 0.005 0.002 0.0046 11 Cadmium as Cd 3111B mg/l 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0030 Total Chromium as 12 3111B mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Cr 13 Copper as Cu 3111B mg/l 0.014 0.014 0.02 0.036 0.025 0.039 0.048 14 Zinc as Zn 3111B mg/l 0.019 0.019 0.15 0.24 0.12 0.28 0.31 15 Nickel as Ni 3111B mg/l 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.001 <0.001 0.005 0.003 16 Flourides as F 4500 F-D mg/l 0.80 0.81 0.965 1.27 1.14 1.08 1.32 3-18 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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17 Aluminium as A1 3500 Al B mg/l 0.004 0.004 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.0031 18 Boron as B 4500 B B mg/l 0.21 0.21 0.36 0.51 0.6 0.43 0.48 19 Manganese as Mn 3111 B mg/l 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 20 Iron as Fe 3500 Fe B mg/l 0.59 0.6 0.22 0.63 0.46 0.37 0.52 21 Nitrates as NO3 4500 NO3B mg/l 11.60 11.8 23 24 26.00 13 28 22 Sodium as Na 3500 Na B mg/l 128.74 131.3 45.60 48 51.00 140.30 55 23 Potassium as K 3500 K B mg/l 10.3 10.5 2.10 3.0 2.35 11.30 3.45 Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreea 24 Odour 2150 C −− Agreeable e e e e e ble µmho/c 25 E.C (micromhos/cm) 2510 B 1,042 1062 1,231 1,293 1,379 1,136 1,487 m 26 Phosphorus as P 4500 P B 0.20 0.2 0.50 0.35 0.32 0.42 0.16 Carbonates as 27 2320 B mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil CaCo3 Bicarbonates as 28 2320 B mg/l 214 218 293 301 328 233 346 Hco3
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The results of the hydro chemical sampling of ground water indicate that the quality of ground water is good, potable, with a pH of over 7.07-8.18, total dissolved solids (TDS) generally below 1000 mg/l, and chloride concentrations less than 350 mg/l. The water is slightly hard with most of the samples containing concentrations more than the permissible limits of 600 mg/l.
3.6 Surface Water Quality
In order to have an idea of quality of surface water resources in the area, representative samples were taken and analysed based on water shed conditions of the area. The locations of the surface water sampling stations are given in Figure 3.10.
The quality of surface water in the area is given in Table 3.6 below. The surface water quality indicates that water can be classified as class A as per the IS 2296; 1982. The quality of surface water indicates contamination from domestic waste water discharges from nearby areas.
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Figure 3.10: Surface water sampling points
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Table 3.6 Water Analysis Data (Surface water)
RESULTS Method APHA 22nd S.No. PARAMETER Unit NARASAMPALLI AMBAJIPET Edition WADIYAMCHERUVU CHERUVU CHERUVU 1 pH 4500 H+B −− 7.36 6.97 7.01 2 Color (Hazen units) 2120 B Hazen 06 03 05 3 Odour 2150 B −− Disagreeable Disagreeable Disagreeable 4 E.C (micromhos/cm) 2510 B µmho/cm 358 390 1,369 5 Dissolved Oxygen 4500-O C mg/l 2.10 3.60 1.50 6 Turbidity (NTU) 2130 B NTU 3.90 1.70 4.60 7 Total Suspended Solids 2540 D mg/l 86 62 165 8 Total dissolved solids 2540 C mg/l 214 240 902 9 Chemical Oxygen Demand 5220 B mg/l 42 56 127
10 Biochemical Oxygen Demand IS 3025(Part-44) 2009 mg/l 3.50 4.30 13.50
11 Total alkalinity as CaCo3 2320 B mg/l 130 142 347 12 Total hardness as CaCo3 2340 C mg/l 103 112 403 13 Calcium as Ca 3500 Ca B mg/l 36 40 97 14 Magnesium as Mg 3500-Mg B mg/l 3.16 2.92 39 15 Sulphates as SO4 4500 SO4D mg/l 12.00 13.10 158 16 Chlorides as Cl 4500 Cl-C mg/l 21 23 96 17 Lead as Pb 3111 B mg/l 0.16 0.09 0.12 18 Cadmium as Cd 3111 B mg/l 0.04 0.01 0.07 19 Total Chromium as Cr 3111 B mg/l 0.025 0.03 0.018 20 Copper as Cu 3111 B mg/l 0.38 0.26 0.19 21 Zinc as Zn 3111 B mg/l 0.16 0.3 0.22
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22 Nickel as Ni 3111 B mg/l 0.008 0.021 0.015 23 Flourides as F 4500 F-D mg/l 0.70 0.83 1.34 24 Aluminium as A1 3500 Al B mg/l 0.003 0.006 0.12 25 Boron as B 4500 B B mg/l 0.85 0.92 1.48 26 Manganese as Mn 3111 B mg/l 0.005 0.008 0.002 27 Iron as Fe 3500 Fe B mg/l 0.57 0.46 0.59 28 Nitrates as NO3 4500 NO3B mg/l 8.60 9.40 46 29 Sodium as Na 3500 Na B mg/l 32.40 35.30 125 30 Potassium as K 3500 K B mg/l 4.30 4.69 8.60 31 Phosphorus as P 4500 P B mg/l 1.36 0.95 3.70 32 Oil & Grease 5520 B mg/l 1.3 <1.0 1.65 33 Total Coliform IS 1622 MPN/100 ml 246 372 630 34 Feacal Coliform IS 1622 MPN/100 ml Present Present Present 35 Bicarbonates as Hco3 2320 B mg/l 159 173 423
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Compared to the ground water samples the surface water samples are less mineralized as indicated in the lesser concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, and other parameters.
The total dissolved solids (TDS) vary from 214 to 902 mg/l, and are within permissible limits of 2000 mg/l indicating its suitability for domestic use, and industrial use. High concentrations of TDS create gastro-intestinal problems, and even may not suitable for certain industrial applications.
Chloride concentrations are within the permissible limits (250 mg/l), and ranges from 21.0 to 96.0 mg/l. High concentrations (>1000 mg/l) can affect taste and palatability, and industrial corrosion of pipes.
The sodium concentrations are 32.4 to 125.0 mg/l, which is within the acceptable limits of 200 mg/l.
Sulphates concentrations vary from 12.0 to 158 mg/l, which is almost within the acceptable limits of 200 mg/l. The permissible limit is 400 mg/l.
Health hazards of total hardness are insignificant. But total hardness (Ca + Mg) can cause scaling of pipes and hot water appliances, but here the total CaCO3-hardness range from 103 to 403 mg/l, eight samples collected all are with in the permissible limits of 600 mg/l.
Regionally there is wide variation in the Fluoride concentrations. Fluoride concentrations in the area is within the acceptable limit of 1.50 mg/l, and vary from 0.7 to 1.34 mg/l. This is a healthy
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limit and thus leaving no scope for the spread of water-borne diseases like fluorosis, osteosclerosis, etc.
3.7 Soils
The area is covered by reddish brown granitic soils. These surface soils are medium acid sandy clay loam soils, moderately shallow, and well drained. Because of clayey nature these soils facilitate moderate to imperfect drainage.
The total area of the plant is 18.22 acres, which is inclusive of 6.10 acres green belt. The green belt is covered with teak, mahua, neem, and other tree plantations.
Important crops grown in the area during Khariff period from rain-fed agriculture are Maize, Millets, and Grams and under wells in the Monsoon season the crops grown are Paddy, Vegetables and Ground nut.
Agriculture is the main stay of the people in the area. After industrial growth in the area, some people in the villages got employment and other business opportunities. As a result agriculture and business activities are main income generating activities in the area.
The Soil characteristics include both physical and chemical parameters. M/s. Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited field team carried out soil survey to assess the soil characteristics of the study area. Representative soil sampling was done at several important locations and these locations are shown in Figure
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3.11. Analytical data of soil samples is presented in Table3.7.
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Table 3.7 Soil Analysis data
S.No. Parameters Unit Project Site Ambajipet China Sankarampet Mirzapalli 1 pH (1:5 Soil water extract) 6.43 7.14 7.32 7.56 2 E.C (1:5 Soil water extract) µmhos/cm 351 320 294 282 3 Bulk Density g/cc 1.36 1.32 1.28 1.31 4 Moisture % 7.64 8.43 8.60 6.35 5 Nitrates as N kg/ha 32.1 40.6 45.90 37.20 6 Phosphorous as P kg/ha 20.50 23.90 21.40 18.60 7 Potassium as K+ kg/ha 46.00 53.00 49.00 61 8 Sodium as Na kg/ha 132 160 174 186 9 Calcium as Ca mg/kg 580 820 793 714 10 Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/kg 125 197 215 258 11 Sulphates as So4 mg/kg 143 106 162 174 12 Organic Carbon % 0.69 0.72 0.81 1.17 13 Texture a) Sand % % 46.00 34.00 48.00 35.0 b) Silt % % 39.00 52.00 45.00 53.00 c) Clay % % 15.00 14.00 07 12.00 Type of Soil Sandy Loam Silty Land Sandy Loam Silty Land 14 Copper as Cu mg/kg 0.58 0.32 0.29 0.21 15 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 0.96 0.54 0.63 0.72 16 Lead as pb mg/kg 0.41 0.26 0.34 0.18 17 Cadmium as Cd mg/kg 0.24 0.15 0.17 0.12 18 Chromium as Cr mg/kg 0.13 0.08 0.06 0.03 19 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 0.38 0.17 0.22 0.14 20 Ca/ Mg Ratio 4.64 4.16 3.690 2.77 21 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) meq/kg 48 57 63 82 22 Base Saturation % 3.6 4.30 5.10 4.70 23 Total Nitrogen as N % 0.0013 0.002 0.0025 0.0030
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The test results of soil samples collected in the impact area are interpreted referring to the book; “Interpreting soil test results”. The reference tables are presented in Table 3.8. The pH of soil ranges from slightly acidic to Mildly alkaline. The cation exchange capacity of the soils is very high. The level of extractable potassium is low. The Ca/Mg ratio varies from balanced to low. The total Nitrogen as N is very low in the area. The base saturation of the samples is predominantly very strongly Leached. Bulk density of soil of impact varies from 1.28 – 1.36 g/cc. Soil texture is predominantly sandy
loamy and silty land. Table 3.8 Soil Test Results – Reference Tables
General interpretation of pH measured Rating for Cation exchange Capacity
pH Range Classification CEC (Cmol)+)/kg <4.5 Extremely Acidic Very low <6 * 4.51 -5.0 Very Strong Acidic Low 6-12 5.1-5.5 Strong Acid Moderate 12-25 5.6- 6.0 Moderately Acid High 25-40 6.1-6.5 Slightly acid Very High >40 6.6-7.3 Neutral 7.4-7.8 Mildily Alkaline Source: Metson (1961) 7.9 -8.4 Moderately Alkaline * Soils with CEC less than three are often low in 8.5-9.0 Strongly Alkaline fertility and susceptible to soil acidification. >9.0 Very Strongly Alkaline Source: Bruce and Rayment (1982).
Ca/mg Ratio Base Saturation as a criterion of leaching Description Range (%BS) Rating <1 Ca Deficient 70-100 Very Weakly Leached 1-4 Ca (Low) 50-70 Weakly Leached 4-6 Balanced 30-50 Moderately Leached 6-10 Mg (Low) 15-30 Strongly Leached >10 Mg deficient 0-15 Very Strongly Leached Source: Eckert (1987) Source: Metson (1961) Rating of Total Nitrogen Extractable Potassium (K) Rating (% by W) Description K <0.05 Very low low <150 ppm* (< 0.4 meq/100 g soil) 0.05-0.15 Low medium 150–250 ppm (0.4–0.6 meq/100 g soil) 0.15-0.25 Medium high 250–800 ppm (0.6–2.0 meq/100 g soil) 0.25-0.50 High excessive >800 ppm (>2.0 meq/100 g soil) >0.5 Very High Source: Abbott (1989) Source: Bruce and Rayment (1982)
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3.11 Location map of Soil Samples
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3.8 Air Environment
3.8.1 Meteorology
Micro Meteorological studies are simultaneously conducted with the air quality monitoring. Methodology plays a vital role in effecting the dispersion of pollutants, once discharged into the atmosphere, their transport, dispersion and diffusion into the environment. The meteorological data is very useful for interpretation of the baseline information and for model study of air quality impacts also. Since meteorological data show wide fluctuations with time, meaningful interpretation can only be drawn from long term and reliable data. Such source of data is the India Meteorological Department (IMD) that maintains a network of meteorological stations at several important locations. The data recorded for nearest IMD station at Medak is summarized for the period 1979 to 2000 and the same is presented in Table 3.9 .
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Table 3.9
IMD data of meteorological station Medak (1971-2000)
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3.8.2 Meteorological Station at Industry Site
The micro meteorological data in the area is collected simultaneously with the ambient air quality monitoring. The station was installed in such a way that there are no obstructions facilitating free flow of wind. Wind speed, wind direction, humidity and temperature are recorded on hourly basis in the study period. Salient features of micro meteorological data collected are as follows:
1. Wind Direction and Speed:
The hourly wind speed and wind direction observations are computed during the seasons of study period and the same are presented in Table 3.10and the wind rose diagrams are presented in Figure 3.18. The following observations can be made from the collected data;
• Calm period is observed to be 50.88% during the time of monitoring. • The predominant wind direction is South West. • Mostly the wind speeds are observed to be in the range of 0 – 22.0 m/s. The maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity and total seasonal rainfall are summarized in below. The salient features are discussed in brief as follows.
2. Temperature:
(a) Maximum: 44.3 0C , (b) Minimum: 15.0 0C and (c)Average: 30.3 0C
3. Humidity: The daily relative humidity values are observed to range between 6.8 – 97.1%.
4. Rain Fall: (a) Maximum: 41.4 mm (b) Minimum: 0 mm 3-33 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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Table 3.10
Frequency Distribution of Wind Speeds and Wind Directions
Directions / Wind Classes 0.5 - 2.1 - 3.6 - 5.7 - 8.8 - >= Total (m/s) 2.1 3.6 5.7 8.8 11.1 11.1 (%) 1 N 0.86 0.59 0.23 0.50 0.09 0.27 2.54 2 NNE 0.54 0.41 0.23 0.14 0.09 0.27 1.68 3 NE 0.54 0.18 0.32 0.73 0.68 1.63 4.08 4 ENE 0.41 0.27 0.14 0.45 0.41 0.50 2.17 5 E 0.59 0.36 0.41 0.68 0.41 0.59 3.04 6 ESE 0.86 0.45 0.45 0.63 0.50 1.45 4.35 7 SE 1.09 0.95 0.68 0.86 0.77 1.72 6.07 8 SSE 0.09 0.41 0.41 0.59 0.54 1.90 3.94 9 S 0.18 0.18 0.09 0.00 0.41 1.09 1.95 10 SSW 0.23 0.45 0.09 0.27 0.50 0.68 2.22 11 SW 1.22 1.09 0.95 1.50 1.50 3.04 9.29 12 WSW 0.23 0.23 0.09 0.41 0.14 0.63 1.72 13 W 0.18 0.14 0.18 0.23 0.00 0.63 1.36 14 WNW 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.23 0.36 0.45 1.36 15 NW 0.54 0.14 0.23 0.23 0.32 0.50 1.95 16 NNW 0.50 0.18 0.05 0.18 0.09 0.36 1.36 Sub-Total 8.16 6.12 4.67 7.61 6.80 15.72 49.07 Calms 50.88 Missing/Incomplete 0.04531 Total 100
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Figure 3.12 Wind rose Diagram for the study March to May 2017
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3.8.3 Ambient Air Quality
Air pollution means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants or combinations thereof in such quantities and of such duration as are or may tend to be injurious to human, plant or animal life or property. Air pollutants include smoke, vapors, soot, fumes, gases, mist, odors, particulate matter, radioactive material or noxious chemicals. With upcoming industrial activity a range of different pollutants are released into the atmosphere that are dispersed and have a significant impact on neighborhood air environment. Thus collection of base line data of air environment occupies a predominant role in the impact assessment statement. The ambient air quality status across the study zone forms basis for prediction of, the impacts due to the proposed project.
The data required to assess air quality impacts in and around neighborhood is achieved by designing such a network, which encompasses micro meteorological conditions, quantity and quality of emissions, locations, duration, resources/monitoring technology and operational criteria. The optimal scheme for air quality monitoring should consider all the above factors.
3.8.4 Scope of Field Study
The scope of baseline status of the ambient air quality can be accessed through a well-designed ambient air quality stations network. An intensive ambient air quality monitoring of the study area consisting of 10 km. radius with the proposed industry site as the center point was carried out during the period from March 2017 -May 2017. The ambient air quality was monitored at eight
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locations spread over entire study area. Figure 3.13 presents the locations of ambient air quality-monitoring stations. At each sampling station monitoring was carried out for 24 hours in a day for 2 days a week, and for three months. The major air pollutants
monitored on 24 hourly basis are, PM10, PM2.5 , Sulfur dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. Sampling and analysis of the above variables is according to the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board.
3.8.5 Description of Sampling Locations
The location of ambient air quality stations is contingent on the meteorological status of the area. Hence the micro meteorological data was collected before initiating the ambient air quality monitoring. Table 3.11 presents the ambient air quality locations and their distances and directions from the plant site.
Table 3.11
Locations of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
S.No Location Direction Distance Wind Latitude Longitude Name Frequency 1 Project Site ------N 17o69’16.2’’ 78o24’54.6’’E 2 Kamaram NE 2.7 Km Down N 18o00’23.2’’ 78o25’51.2’’E Tanda 3 Vallabhapur NE 5.7 Km Down N 18o02’09.4’’ 78o26’11.6’’E 4 Chinna SW 0.7 Km Up N 17o59’04.9’’ 78o24’34.1’’E Sankarampet 5 Mirzapalle N 3.3 Km Cross N 18o01’07.7’’ 78o24’59.1’’E 6 Chandampet SSE 2.2 Km Down N 17o59’04.9’’ 78o24’34.1’’E 7 Chegunta SE 5.0 Km Down N 17o59’59.5’’ 78o27’45.0’’E 8 Madur NW 3.3 Km Up N 18o01’02.4’’ 78o23’20.0’’E
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3.8.6 Pre-project Ambient Air Quality Status
a. Plant Site
The air quality station was fixed on the top of an administration building at a height of about 3.5 m above the ground ensuring the free flow of winds.
The monitoring results of the station shows that the PM10 and PM2.5 values range between 70.3 – 54.2 µg/m3 and 37.4 – 22.3 µg/m3 the mean values are 63.9 µg/m3 and 29.3 µg/m3. The SO2 and NOX levels vary between 17.4 – 13.2 µg/m3 and 18.4 – 14.2 µg/m3 and the mean values 16.8 µg/m3 and 18.3 µg/m3.
b. Kamaram tanda
This location lies at a distance of about 2.7 km towards North East from the center of the plant. This village is considered in to assess the down wind dispersion of the ambient pollutants considering the prevailing meteorological conditions during the summer season. The air quality station was fixed on the top of a residential building at a height of about 3.0 m above the ground ensuring the free flow of winds.
The monitoring results of the station shows that the PM10 and 3 PM2 .5 values range between 60.4 – 49.5 µg/m and 24.3 – 18.4 3 3 3 µg/m the mean values are 55.1 µg/m and 20.9 µg/m . The SO2 3 and NOX levels vary between 16.3 – 12.3 µg/m and 17.3 – 12.3 µg/m3 and the mean values 15.8 µg/m3 and 17.2 µg/m3.
c. Vallabapur
This location lies at a distance of about 5.7 km towards NE from the center of the plant. This village is considered in to assess the 3-38 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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The monitoring results of the station shows that the PM10 and 3 PM2 .5 values range between 60.4 – 46.3 µg/m and 27.3 – 15.3 3 3 3 µg/m the mean values are 54.0 µg/m and 20.2 µg/m . The SO2 3 and NOX levels vary between 17.3 – 12.3 µg/m and 16.3 – 13.4 µg/m3 and the mean values 16.8 µg/m3 and 16.3 µg/m3. d. Chinnashankarampet
This location lies at a distance of about 1.0 km towards SW from the center of the plant. This village is considered in to assess the up dispersion of the ambient pollutants considering the prevailing meteorological conditions during the summer season 2017. The air quality station was fixed on the top of a residential building at a height of about 3.0 m above the ground ensuring the free flow of winds.
The monitoring results of the station shows that the PM10 and 3 PM2 .5 values range between 60.2 – 45.2 µg/m and 26.3 – 19.4 3 3 3 µg/m the mean values are 13.8 µg/m and 13.7 µg/m . The SO2 3 and NOX levels vary between 16.2 – 12.3 µg/m and 16.3 – 11.3 µg/m3 and the mean values 12.6 µg/m3 and 14.2 µg/m3.
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This location lies at a distance of about 3.3 km towards North from the center of the plant. This village is considered in to assess the cross wind dispersion of the ambient pollutants considering the prevailing meteorological conditions during the summer season. The air quality station was fixed on the top of a residential building at a height of about 3.5 m above the ground ensuring the free flow of winds.
The monitoring results of the station shows that the PM10 and 3 PM2 .5 values range between 60.4 – 45.6 µg/m and 30.4 – 19.3 3 3 3 µg/m the mean values are 53.2 µg/m and 23.2 µg/m . The SO2 3 and NOX levels vary between 15.2- 11.3 µg/m and 16.3 – 12.3 µg/m3 and the mean values 15.2 µg/m3 and 16.3 µg/m3. f. Chandampet
This location lies at a distance of about 2.2 km towards SSE from the center of the plant. This village is considered in to assess the down wind direction of the ambient pollutants considering the prevailing meteorological conditions during the summer season. The air quality station was fixed on the top of a residential building at a height of about 3.5 m above the ground ensuring the free flow of winds.
The monitoring results of the station shows that the PM10 and 3 PM2 .5 values range between 60.2 – 46.7 µg/m and 28.5 – 19.5 3 3 3 µg/m the mean values are 51.6 µg/m and 23.4 µg/m . The SO2 3 and NOX levels vary between 13.5 – 10.2 µg/m and 16.3 – 12.2 µg/m3 and the mean values 11.9 µg/m3 and 16.2 µg/m3.
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This location lies at a distance of about 7.0 km towards SE from the center of the plant. This village is considered in to assess the down wind direction of the ambient pollutants considering the prevailing meteorological conditions during the summer season. The air quality station was fixed on the top of a residential building at a height of about 3.5 m above the ground ensuring the free flow of winds.
The monitoring results of the station shows that the PM10 and 3 PM2 .5 values range between 56.3 – 45.3 µg/m and 23.2 – 18.2 3 3 3 µg/m the mean values are 49.6 µg/m and 20.2 µg/m . The SO2 3 and NOX levels vary between 13.2 – 10.2 µg/m and 16.3 – 11.4 µg/m3 and the mean values 12.7 µg/m3 and 16.3 µg/m3. h. Madur
This location lies at a distance of about 3.3 km towards NW from the center of the plant. This village is considered in to assess the up wind direction of the ambient pollutants considering the prevailing meteorological conditions during the summer season. The air quality station was fixed on the top of a residential building at a height of about 3.5 m above the ground ensuring the free flow of winds.
The monitoring results of the station shows that the PM10 and 3 PM2 .5 values range between 60.2– 46.3 µg/m and 27.5 – 17.4 3 3 3 µg/m the mean values are 52.1 µg/m and 21.6 µg/m . The SO2 3 and NOX levels vary between 12.3 – 9.4 µg/m and 16.3 – 11.3 µg/m3 and the mean values 12.2 µg/m3 and 16.2 µg/m3.
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Table 3.11 Ambient Air Quality Status (24 hourly)(Unit; µg/m3 ) Pollutant Maximum Minimum Mean 98% 1) Location: Plant Site
PM10 70.3 54.2 64.0 70.3 PM2 .5 37.4 22.3 29.4 35.9 SO2 17.4 13.2 14.9 16.9 NOx 18.4 14.2 16.1 18.4 CO 2.4 1.4 2.0 2.4 2) Location: Kamaram tanda
PM10 60.4 49.5 55.1 60.4 PM2 .5 24.3 18.4 21.0 24.3 SO2 16.3 12.3 13.8 15.8 NOx 17.3 12.3 15.0 17.3 CO 2.3 1.2 1.5 2.3 3) Location: Vallabapur
PM10 60.4 46.3 54.1 60.4 PM2 .5 27.3 15.3 20.3 26.4 SO2 17.3 12.3 14.1 16.8 NOx 16.3 13.4 15.1 16.3 CO 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 4) Location: Chinashankarampet
PM10 60.2 45.2 51.4 58.5 PM2 .5 26.3 19.4 22.9 26.3 SO2 16.2 12.3 13.5 15.7 NOx 16.3 11.3 13.7 16.3 CO 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.6 5) Location: Mirzapalli
PM10 60.4 45.6 53.2 60.4 PM2 .5 30.4 19.3 23.3 29.0 SO2 15.2 11.3 13.0 15.2 NOx 16.3 12.3 14.4 16.3 CO 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.7 6) Location: Chandampet PM10 60.2 46.7 51.7 59.3 PM2 .5 28.5 19.5 23.5 27.4 SO2 13.5 10.2 11.9 13.5 NOx 16.3 12.2 13.7 16.3
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CO 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.6 7) Location: Chegunta
PM10 56.3 45.3 49.6 55.0 PM2 .5 23.2 18.2 20.2 23.2 SO2 13.2 10.2 11.3 12.8 NOx 16.3 11.4 14.0 16.3 CO 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 8) Location:Madur
PM10 60.2 46.3 52.2 58.4 PM2 .5 27.5 17.4 21.7 27.5 SO2 12.3 9.4 10.7 12.2 NOx 16.3 11.3 14.1 16.3 CO 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.6
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Figure 3.13: Location Map of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
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3.9 Noise Environment
Noise is an unwanted sound without musical quality. Artificial noise and its impact on environment, grown apace with advancing human civilization. Noise pollution is equally hazardous to environment as air, water and other forms of pollution. Various noise measurement units have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common scale is, weighted decibel dB (A), measured as the relative intensity level of one sound with respect to another sound (reference sound).
Table No.3.12 Noise Monitoring Location
S No Location Name Direction Distance 1 Project Site --- -- 2 Kamaram Tanda NE 2.7 Km 3 Vallabhapur NE 5.7 Km 4 Chinna Sankarampet SW 1.0 Km 5 Mirzapalle N 3.3 Km 6 Chandampet SSE 2.2 Km 7 Chegunta SE 7.0 Km 8 Madur NW 3.3 Km
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Figure 3.14 Location Map for Noise Monitoring stations
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The impact of noise depends on its characteristics (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature), time of day (day or night) and location of noise source. Table 3.13 shows the effects of different noise levels on human beings. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from noise induced hearing loss to annoying depending on noise levels.
The assessment of noise pollution on neighborhood environment due to the proposed industry was carried out keeping in view, all the considerations mentioned above. The existing status of noise levels is measured at 8 locations at various villages including the site within the study area. Figure 3.14 shows noise level measured locations. The measured noise values are shown in Table 3.14. Noise levels are high at the urban traffic junctions compared to the industrial and village areas.
Table 3.13
Effects on Human Beings at Different Noise Levels
Source Noise Level Effects dB(A) Large Rocket Engine 180 Threshold of Pains (Near By) Hydraulic Press (1m) 130 Jet take off (60 m) 120 Maximum vocal effort possible Automobile Horn (1m) 120 Construction Noise (3m) 110 Shout, Punch, Press, 100 Very annoying Circular Saw Heavy Truck (15m), Farm 90 Prolonged exposure
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Machinery Endangers Lathes, Sports Car, Noisy Machines hearing loss Automobile (15m) 80 Annoying Loud Conversations 60 Living Room in Home 50 Quiet Power Station (15m) 50 Bed Room in Home 40 Tick of Wall clock (1m) 30 Whisper 20 Rattling of Leaves by 10 Barely audible Breeze Table 3.114
Equivalent Noise levels in the Study Area
Time N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 6:00 48.5 40.5 43.2 40.9 43.8 41.3 44.5 40.0 7:00 50.4 42.4 45.6 42.8 46.3 43.3 47.0 42.2 8:00 49.6 45.2 50.3 45.7 51.1 46.1 51.8 44.4 9:00 51.2 52.3 49.3 52.8 50.0 53.4 50.8 43.5 10:00 55.3 51.2 52.3 51.7 53.1 52.2 53.9 45.1 11:00 60.8 50.8 52.4 51.3 53.2 51.8 54.0 45.7 12:00 65.3 53.2 52.3 53.7 53.1 54.3 53.9 43.9 13:00 67.4 48.7 50.3 49.2 51.1 49.7 51.8 39.6 14:00 62.3 50.3 49.3 50.8 50.0 51.3 50.8 44.0 15:00 57.4 49.3 51.2 49.8 52.0 50.3 52.7 45.2 16:00 54.3 51.2 48.2 51.7 48.9 52.2 49.7 39.5 17:00 50.4 50.3 45.2 50.8 45.9 51.3 46.6 36.5 18:00 55.2 46.2 50.1 46.7 50.9 47.1 51.6 42.0 19:00 50.2 43.2 49.2 43.6 49.9 44.1 50.7 38.8 20:00 40.2 42.1 45.2 42.5 45.9 42.9 46.6 36.5 21:00 52.3 40.7 40.2 41.1 40.8 41.5 41.4 40.5 22:00 54.6 41.2 39.2 41.6 39.8 42.0 40.4 41.2 3-48 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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23:00 53.6 40.8 41.4 41.2 42.0 41.6 42.7 36.9 0:00 51.3 44.3 40.5 44.7 41.1 45.2 41.7 40.2 1:00 49.2 43.2 41.5 43.6 42.1 44.1 42.8 36.6 2:00 47.2 42.7 40.5 43.1 41.1 43.6 41.7 41.4 3:00 50.4 41.8 42.6 42.2 43.2 42.6 43.9 37.6 4:00 47.2 40.4 40.8 40.8 41.4 41.2 42.0 38.1 5:00 50.6 42.3 39.4 42.7 40.0 43.2 40.6 36.3 Min 40.2 40.4 39.2 40.8 39.8 41.2 40.4 36.3 Max 67.4 53.2 52.4 53.7 53.2 54.3 54.0 45.7 Ld 59.4 49.1 49.5 49.6 50.2 50.1 51.0 42.6 Ln 51.2 42.3 40.9 42.7 41.5 43.1 42.1 39.0
Observations of Noise Levels
The noise data reveals that the values were well within the standards. In the study area maximum value 67.4 dB (A) was observed at Plant site and minimum value 36.3 dB (A) was observed at Madur village. The higher noise levels in the plant area is due to the plant operation and allied activities. All remaining stations are under rural ( Residential) Category and all the noise levels are well within the CPCB prescribed standards as shown in Table 3.15. Table 3.15
Ambient Noise Standards Area Category of Area/Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq* Code Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40
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3.10 Socio Economic Environment
Industrial development reflects in social development, i.e., growth in infrastructure facilities, growth in employment rates, increased demands for housing, and other amenities etc., which will have a bearing on the socio economic status. The Study area is rural in nature. The study area is dependent mostly on dry crop agriculture. The area is irrigated by ground water sources and few tanks. In this context it is necessary to study the present socioeconomic status with respect to the proposed development in the coming future.
3.10.1 Geographical Coverage
The geographical coverage for SEIA extends over the area falling within the 10 km radius from Shankarampet and comprises as many as 62villages which are administratively distributed across 4Mandals (Blocks),one district as detailed in Table 3.16 below:
Table – 3.16 SEIA Of M/S. RADHA SMELTERS LIMITED, Unit-1, Sy.No.327,328 & 338/A2, Shankarampet-R(VI & M.D), Medak(D.T), Telangana (S.T) VITAL STATISTICS OF SURVEY VILLAGESAS PER CENSUS – 2011 Sl. Category/ Area Mandal Locational Distance Total Total Male Female SC ST Aver No Name Direction from House Popula s s age . from Project Holdes tion Liter Project Site acy Site (Km (%) Aerial) Villages within 0-2 Km Distance from the Site
1 Shankarampet (R) Shankarampet (R) W 0.5 Km 1103 4899 2389 2510 972 161 50.2 Narsampalle( 2 Kurampalle) Shankarampet (R) NW 0.7 Km Under Shankarampet Revenue Population Data is Same 3 Rudraram Shankarampet (R) SE 0.9 Km Under Chandampet Revenue Population Data is Same 4 Kamaram Shankarampet (R) NW 1.4 Km 303 1381 681 700 108 851 42.5 Sub Total - I 0 1406 6280 3070 3210 1080 1012 48.5 Villages in 2-5 Km Distance from the Site
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5 Polampalle Chegunta SE 2.5 Km 217 947 462 485 218 8 46.0 6 Kamaram Tanda Shankarampet (R) NE 2.7 Km Under Kamaram Revenue Population Data is Same 7 Chandampet Shankarampet (R) SE 2.7 Km 745 3444 1734 1710 782 39 47.8 8 Ambajipet Shankarampet (R) W 2.7 Km 266 1056 528 528 134 0 57.9 9 Mallupalli Shankarampet (R) SW 2.9 Km Under Shankarampet Revenue Population Data is Same 10 Mirzapalli Tanda Shankarampet (R) NE 3.2 Km Under Mirzapalli Revenue Population Data is Same 11 Mirzapalle Shankarampet (R) N 3.3 Km 431 1943 966 977 419 434 48.7 12 Agraharam Shankarampet (R) W 3.3 Km Under Gavalpalle Revenue Population Data is Same 13 Sangayupally Shankarampet (R) NW 3.3 Km Under Madur Revenue Population Data is Same 14 Chandapur Shankarampet (R) SW 3.4 Km 170 714 348 366 120 0 49.7 15 Madur Shankarampet (R) NW 4.0 Km 1433 6780 3309 3471 712 27 43.0 16 Seripalle Narsingi N 4.2 Km 510 2211 1068 1143 728 23 57.2 17 Gavalpalle Shankarampet (R) W 4.2 Km 592 2663 1319 1344 490 964 42.5 18 Suraram Shankarampet (R) SW 4.3 Km 765 3213 1571 1642 331 92 44.0 19 Valloor Narsingi NE 4.5 Km 233 974 492 482 320 0 52.3 20 Kurmapalli Shankarampet (R) NW 4.7 Km Under Madur Revenue Population Data is Same 21 Chegunta Chegunta SE 4.9 Km 1244 5747 2872 2875 569 38 66.5 22 Jangrai Shankarampet (R) SW 4.9 KM 461 2018 992 1026 389 761 36.9 Sub Total - II 0 7067 31710 15661 16049 5212 2386 49.8 Villages in 5-10 Km Distance from the site
23 Bagiratpalli Shankarampet (R) SW 5.1 Km Under Suraram Revenue Population Data is Same 24 Korivipalle Shankarampet (R) NW 5.1 Km 220 979 497 482 419 279 40.2 25 Chinayapalli Shankarampet (R) NW 5.2 Km Under Madur Revenue Population Data is Same 26 Gajgatlapalle Shankarampet (R) NW 5.3 Km 347 1447 720 727 208 29 40.7 27 Venkatraopalli Shankarampet (R) NW 5.4 Km Under Madur Revenue Population Data is Same 28 Reddipalle Chegunta E 5.6 Km 625 2670 1291 1379 236 4 46.5 29 Vallabhapur Chegunta NE 5.7 Km 169 803 394 409 104 289 49.8 30 Shalipet Shankarampet (R) NW 5.7 Km 151 584 273 311 0 0 43.5 31 Wadiaram Chegunta SE 5.8 Km 745 3235 1565 1670 585 61 57.5 32 Bheemraopalle Narsingi NE 6.4 Km 109 468 236 232 89 0 42.5 33 Narsingi Narsingi NE 6.2 Km 1611 7488 3671 3817 994 96 55.6 34 Lambadi Tanda Shankarampet (R) NW 6.2 Km Under Shankaraj Kondapur Revenue Population Data is Same 35 Pyatagadda Shankarampet (R) W 6.6 Km Under Shankaraj Kondapur Revenue Population Data is Same 36 Ulli Thimmaipalle Chegunta SE 6.7 Km 232 1030 505 525 298 8 52.7 37 Achampet Yeldurthy SW 7.1 Km 228 1010 498 512 355 0 46.3 Shankaraj 38 Kondapur Shankarampet (R) W 7.2 Km 376 1833 869 964 203 293 44.3 39 Ananthasagar Chegunta SE 7.3 Km 350 1629 791 838 297 11 42.4 40 Chitojpalli Narsingi NE 7.3 Km Under Bheemraopalle Revenue Population Data is Same
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41 Dharpalle Shankarampet (R) SW 7.7 Km 553 2545 1247 1298 515 66 40.0 42 Ramanthapur Yeldurthy SE 7.8 Km 279 1234 611 623 87 539 41.7 43 Rukmapur Chegunta NE 7.9 Km 315 1440 688 752 145 11 42.1 44 Kaslapur Shankarampet (R) NE 7.9 Km 34 160 83 77 0 0 41.3 45 Ramakrishnapur Yeldurthy SE 7.9 Km Under Masaipet Revenue Population Data is Same 46 Rangampalli Shankarampet (R) SW 7.9 Km 47 Dondonipalli Shankarampet (R) SW 7.9 Km Under Shankaraj Kondapur Revenue Population Data is Same 48 Sankhapur Narsingi N 8.0 Km 465 2055 1022 1033 429 424 37.9 49 Khajapur Shankarampet (R) NW 8.1 Km 484 2293 1104 1189 524 510 47.4 50 Edulapalle Yeldurthy SW 8.1 Km 190 851 415 436 201 46 44.8 Turkala 51 Mohammedapur Shankarampet (R) NW 8.1 Km 341 1516 756 760 184 448 42.3 52 Uppulingapur Yeldurthy SW 8.4 Km 347 1586 774 812 345 235 42.6 53 Hakimpet Yeldurthy S 8.7 Km 108 475 245 230 157 0 61.5 54 Lingareddipalle Yeldurthy SE 8.8 Km 37 176 80 96 103 0 56.8 55 Chinna Shivnoor Chegunta SE 8.9 Km 740 3249 1563 1686 494 67 47.1 56 Khajapur Tanda Shankarampet (R) NW 9.3 Km Under Khajapur Revenue Population Data is Same 57 Narsampalle Narsingi NE 9.4 Km 355 1786 888 898 182 555 46.5 58 Zapthishivnur Narsingi NE 9.5 Km 424 1844 895 949 535 121 47.8 59 Konaraopalli Shankarampet (R) NW 9.5 Km Under Turkala Mohammedapur Revenue Population Data is Same 60 Masaipet Yeldurthy SE 10.0 Km 1458 6146 3065 3081 1353 84 51.2 61 Yeldurthy Yeldurthy SW 10.0 Km 1717 7713 3858 3855 1600 213 48.2 62 Bandaposanpalle Yeldurthy SW 10.0 Km 597 2784 1353 1431 836 0 45.1 Sub Total - III 13607 61029 29957 31072 11478 4389 47.7 Grand Total 22080 99019 48688 50331 17770 7787 48.4
NA: Data Not Available separately as the habitation/village is not a census unit
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Impact Zones
Of the total 62villages in the overall project impact zone, 4villages accounting for 6.4% of the total No. of households and 6.3% of the population in the area fall in the core impact zone (up to 2 km in aerial distance from the project site), while 18 with a relative share of 32.0% in terms of the households and 32.1% in terms of population comprise the buffer zone (3-5 km from the site). As many as 40villages accounting for 61.6% in terms of households and 61.6% in terms of population fall in the transition zone (beyond 5 km and up to 10 km).
The SEIA study lays more emphasis on covering more villages in the core and buffer zones vis-à-vis the transition zone.
Socio-economic survey is conducted with the following objectives & Scope
Objectives The primary objectives of the socio-economic assessment are: i) Understanding the baseline socio-economic environment obtaining in the impact zone. ii) Identifying the key stakeholders who are likely to be impacted by the establishment of the proposed expansion project. iii) Predicting the positive and negative impacts of the project on the socio-economic environment in the area. iv) Suggesting mitigation measures to minimize the negative impacts.
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Scope The scope of socio-economic impact assessment extends to: a) Assessing the baseline socio-economic environment prevailing in the impact area focusing the core and buffer zones. b) Identifying key economic sectors and major sources of livelihood in the study area. c) Understanding social structures and lifestyles of people in the area who are likely to be affected the most. d) Assessing physical and social infrastructure facilities accessible to the project affected people. e) Identifying heritage precincts and archaeological monuments, if any in the study area which may be affected by the proposed expansion projects. f) Predicting the likely socio-economic impacts as a consequence of expansion of the projects. g) Suggesting adverse impact mitigation measures in line with the felt needs, aspirations and expectations of the project affected people. h) Preparing an appropriate Socio-economic Environment Management Plan.
Desk Research
A fairly comprehensive desk research to understand the socio- economic setting in and around the project site was the first initiative towards carrying out the SEIA of the project. Accordingly, published and unpublished information available on the subject was referred, reviewed and critical information gaps
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Sl.No. Publication/Document Source 1 Handbook of Statistics –Medak Chief Planning Officer –Medak District, 2012 District 2 Census – 2011 Provisional Population Registrar General of India Tables for Anantapur District and Andhra Pradesh 3 Medak District Industrial Profile District Industries Centre, Medak 4 Brief Industrial Profile of Medak MSME Development Institute, District Hyderabad
Besides, unpublished information of the Departments of Industries, Education, Health, Irrigation, Agriculture and Social Welfare was also referred to gain deeper insights into the socio- economic setting of Medak district in general and the project area in particular.
The desk research has enabled the study team to effectively leverage the macro level socio-economic information available and identify information gaps at the village and household levels. It was during this stage, the key stakeholders were identified and study instruments – schedules and checklists prepared, tested and finalised. Similarly, the sampling frame and sample size were also designed and finalised. The sampling frame for the study consisted of villages, households and District and Mandal level officials as also local opinion leaders.
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A stratified random sampling technique was followed to select the sample villages and households. Accordingly, the sample villages were picked up at random from the three impact zones considered core, buffer and minimally affected. The number of households to be contacted in each sample village was determined on the basis of the size of population of the respective village. In the absence of household level information, the respondent households were selected randomly during the course of visit to the respective village. However, while selecting the respondent households, emphasis was on contacting households, who are economically poor, susceptible to shifts in livelihood patterns and belonged to vulnerable social communities. Accordingly, the sample villages selected for the survey together with the number of households across each village are presented in Table – 3.17. Table – 3.17 Sample Villages Selected for Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Sl Sample Village Location from Popul House Holds . Mandal Project Site ation (No.) N Direct Distan 2011 Total Sampl o ion ce Censu e (km) s 1 Shankarampet-R Shankarampet-R W 0.5 Km 4899 1103 11 Narsampalle Shankarampet-R Under Shankarampet Revenue Population 2 (Kurampalle) NW 0.7 Km Data is Same 7 Shankarampet-R Under Chandampet Revenue Population 3 Rudraram SE 0.9 Km Data is Same 8 4 Kamaram Shankarampet-R NW 1.4 Km 1381 303 10 5 Chandampet Shankarampet-R SE 2.7 Km 3444 745 10 6 Mirzapalle Shankarampet-R N 3.3 Km 1943 431 10 7 Chandapur Shankarampet-R SW 3.4 Km 714 170 9 8 Madur Shankarampet-R NW 4.0 Km 6780 1433 12 9 Suraram Shankarampet-R SW 4.3 Km 3213 765 10 10 Valloor Narsingi NE 4.5 Km 974 233 9 3-56 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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11 Chegunta Chegunta SE 4.9 Km 5747 1244 11 12 Reddipalle Chegunta E 5.6 Km 2670 625 9 13 Wadiaram Chegunta SE 5.8 Km 3235 745 11 14 Narsingi Narsingi NE 6.2 Km 7488 1611 10 Total 42488 9408 137
The sample villages account for 42.9% of the population and 42.6%of the number of households of the total 62villages. It needs to be mentioned in this context that an element of purposiveness was induced into selection of sample villages with a view to focusing more on villages in the core and buffer zones of impact. Such a selection of the sample villages was well justified as the entire area beyond the core and buffer impact zones is likely to have only minimal impact of the project and the same cannot be distinguished. Figure – 3.15 Google Map of Sample Villages
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3.10.2 Demographic Profile
The sociological aspects of the study include human settlements, demography, and social strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels besides infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include occupational structure and income levels of workers.
The key demographics of the study area comprising 62 villages are presented in Table 3.18 below. Table – 3.18 Salient Features of Demographics in Study Area Sl. Demographic Data as Salient Features No. Parameter per Census 2011 1 Total Population (No.) 0.99 lakhs • Forms 3.3% of the - Males 0.49 district population - Females lakhs • Sex Ratio in the area is 0.50 lakhs 967 compared to 992 for the district • 100% of the population in the study area is Rural population compared to 76.0% at the district level 2 SCs (No.) 0.18 lakhs • Forms 3.3% of the district SC population 3 STs (No.) 0.08 lakh • Forms 4.6% of the district ST population. 4 Average Literacy (%) 48.4% • Lower than the district average of 71.4% 5 Households (No.) 0.22 lakhs • Accounts for 3.3% of the total households in the district
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• Average 5.0 persons per household – 2.6 males and 2.4 females
3.10.3 Field Surveys
On the conclusion of the desk research, a five member study team was constituted. The team members have had considerable exposure and experience in conducting large size socio-economic research studies especially in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. They are well versed with the socio-economic setting in the project area and understood the local dialect.
Planned and in-depth field surveys for six days, between12th and 17th May, 2017constituted the most important element of the methodology. Field surveys helped collect fairly reliable primary data with respect to the major livelihood sources, family incomes and expenditure, education and health status, basic amenities available, lifestyles, standard of living etc., of residents and small businesses in the project impact zone. They also helped in eliciting information from the natives about the negative environmental impacts of industrial units already existing in the area and the measures initiated by them to mitigate the impacts.
Field surveys were carried out in all the 14sample villages contacting a total of 137 households. The potential respondents in the sample households were approached personally by the Field Investigators who explained the purpose of the visit and solicited their participation by sharing the relevant information 3-59 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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In addition to household surveys, Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) tools comprising Transect Walks, Focus Group Discussions, and Opinion Leader Interviews were used for collecting village level qualitative information.
Accordingly, the study team carried out:
Transect walks around all the sample villages along with a few natives. Carried out 4 Focus Group Discussions, comprising 10 members per group representing women, youth, household heads and opinion leaders to elicit information pertaining to their awareness, expectations and apprehensions about the proposed expansion projects. Detailed discussions with Sarpanch, MPDO and Chairperson- ZPTC, District Planning Officer, District Agriculture Officer, District Industries Centre and Lead Bank Manager to understand the major livelihood sources – existing and alternative – in the area.
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3.10.4 Data Analysis
The data collected during the field survey and desk research phases was processed, tabulated and analyzed with the help of basic quantitative and qualitative analytical tools. The emerging results were validated through in-house brainstorming and discussions with district level officials.
The socio-economic impact of the proposed expansion project was assessed in terms of its effects on:
Livelihoods and incomes Life styles and quality of life Community infrastructure – physical and social – facilities available
3.10.5 Demographics
The 137 sample households have a total population of 691 implying an average 5.1 members per household. 53.4% of the population comprises of males and 47.6% females. 52.5% are adults; 27.1% children and 20.4% aged.
67.1% of the households are BCs followed by SCs (20.4%), OCs (7.3%), STs (4.4%), and Minorities (0.8%).
Average literacy among the households is 46.7%. Male literacy is notably high at 63.8% compared to female literacy of 36.2%. 46.4% of the household population pursued Secondary education, while 39.0%Primary education, 12.4% pursued Graduation, 1.2% Vocational and 1.0% Post-graduation.
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3.10.5.1 Assets Owned
The various assets owned and the percentage of household population owning these assets is presented in Table 3.19. Table – 3.19 Ownership of Assets by Sample Households Sl.No Assets Magnitude of Ownership (%) 1 Land 72.3 2 House 97.8 3 TV 89.1 4 Fridge 20.4 5 Mobile Phone 88.3 6 Cooking Gas 84.7 7 2-wheeler 39.4 8 Cycle 29.9 9 Sewing machine 8.8 10 Tractor/Truck/Mini-truck 3.6 11 PC/Laptop 1.5
3.10.5.2 Sources of Livelihood
The Project 10km Radios area more than village’s people depend on agricultural activity. Surveyed households reported Source of livelihood varying, Daily Wage Labour for 34.5%, Agriculture are the primary sources of livelihood for 33.4%, Pension for 14.1%, Self-employment for 8.6%, Private sector employment for 7.2%, and Government service for 2.1%.
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3.10.5.3 Family Incomes
Surveyed households reported family incomes varying predominantly between 66.4% of the family incomes >Rs. 10,000/- p.m, while 30.6% had incomes ranging between Rs 5001/- and Rs. 10000/- p.m. 3.0% had incomes between Rs. 2001 and Rs. 5000/- p.m.
3.10.5.4 Family Expenditures
67.2% of the households reported family expenditures ranging from Rs. 5001-10000 p.m, 22.6% >Rs. 10,000 and 10.2% Rs. 2000 – 5000 p.m.
The pattern of average family expenditure points out that 36.0% of the expenditure went for food; 25.3% for recreation; 23.2% for clothing and other household expenses; 12.1% for education; 3.1% for healthcare; and 0.3% for housing.
3.11.0.5 Living Standards
58.4%of the households have semi-pucca house; 38.0% have pucca house, and 3.6% have kutcha houses 95.6% have own house while hardly 4.4% live in rented accommodation 74.5% households have toilet on the premises 80.3% households have access to safe drinking water 89.1% have access to cable/DTH TV connection
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83.9% have cooking gas connection 88.3% have mobile phones 3.10.5.6 Educational Facilities
The Project 10km Radios area more than members people studying in Govt educational Institutes Totally 62 villages I have collected educational Intuitional information in DEO office these are detailed Table 3.20 in below:
Table-3.20 Category of Educational Intuitional Details in Mandal wise Category Shankara Narsingi Chegunta Yeldurthy mpet-R Go Priva Govt Priva Govt Privat Govt Priva vt te te e te Primary and 36 3 12 2 15 2 10 1 Upper Primary Schools Z.P.H.Schools 5 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 Jr. Collges 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 Senior Colleges 0 1 2 Engg. Colleges 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Model Schools, 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 KGBV Schools & Vocational Colleges Total 44 3 15 2 18 8 13 2 Source : DEO Medak (medakdeo.in)
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3.10.5.7 Health Status
Health and Family Welfare
The health and family welfare status information was collected the state health commission office website. I have observed the area health status information. There are 86 general hospitals, 26 hospitals for special treatment and 94 allied hospitals, totaling to 206 hospitals, 613 primary health centers and 75 dispensaries are existing in the state as on 31-03-2013. The strength of doctors in these hospitals is 4713, including 894 contract doctors to provide maternal health care, child health care and family welfare services to the people of the Telangana State.
The status of health indicators is detailed Table 3.21 in below:
Table 3.21
STATUS OF HEALTH INDICATORS
Table 3.21 STATUS OF HEALTH INDICATORS Sl. Distric MMR IMR TFR CPR** CBR ASR CSR N t 2011 2013 2013 * 2013 2011 2011* o -13* * * * * * 1 Medak 90 49 1.9 59.2 16.9 992 952 State 92 39 1.8 66.7 17.4 988 933 Average Source: 1.*- Commr. Health and Family welfare, Hyd. 2.**- Census 2011 , 3.***-DLHS -3-2007-08
IMR -Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births) MMR -Maternity Mortality Ratio (per1 lakh live births) TFR -Total Fertility Rate
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CBR- Crude Birth Rate CPR -Contraceptive Prevalence Rate ASR - Adult sex Ratio (per 1000 males) CSR-Child Sex Ratio (per 1000 males)
The information was collected state Sample Registration system. The right to health is the economic, social and cultural right to the highest attainable standard of health. The Estimated Birth, Death, and mortality rate of Telangana State detailed Table 3.22 in below:
Table 3.22 Estimated Birth Rate, Death Rate and Infant Mortality Rate of Telangana State Sl. Particulars 2012 2013 No Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 Crude Birth Rate 17.9 16.6 17.5 17.7 16.7 17.7 (per 1,000 Population)
Male ------Female ------2 Crude Death Rate 8.4 5.1 7.4 8.3 5.0 7.3 (per 1,000 Population)
Male 9.7 5.4 8.4 9.2 5.6 8.1 Female 7.2 4.8 6.4 7.4 4.5 6.6 3 Infant Mortality 46 30 41 44 29 39 Rate (per 1,000 Live Births)
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Note: These rates pertains to combined state. Telangana state specific rates are not available. Source: Sample Registration system Bulletins, 2012, and 2013.
Health Status of Surveyed Villages
There are 3 PHC , 10 Private clinics , 4 Private hospitals , and 15 RMP’s in the sampled villages
9.1% of the household population reported incidence of lifestyle and other diseases. The decease incidents reported 63.5% of active adults , 34.9% of aged and the 1.6% child . The following deseases are prevalent among the sampled population in the area. Table 3.23 Disease patterns observed in sampled villages
S.No Diseases %percentage 1 Hypertension 20.6 2 Asthma 11.1 3 T.B 1.6 4 Diabetes 15.9 5 Others (Skin 50.8 allergies, backaches, arthritis etc..)
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3.10.6 Aspirations and Apprehensions
As revealed during focus group discussions, nearly 67% of the respondents are aware of the industrial growth in the area, but less than 23% are aware of the proposed expansion project. While they are convinced with the positive impacts of industrial development in the area, they are also wary of the negative impacts on the surrounding environment. The perceptions of the respondents as regards the establishment of more industrial projects in the area could be summarized as follows:
o Industrial growth in the region has significantly supported the sustainable livelihoods in the area especially for skilled and semi-skilled persons. o Development of the secondary sector in the area has positively contributed to induced development leading to creation of multiplier self and wage employment opportunities. o It would help further strengthen infrastructure development in the area. o There will be increased threat from pollution from expansion of units and establishment of new units
3.10.7 Occupational Distribution
As per Census, 2011 the study area has a total workforce of 52,718 persons 85.2% Main Workers and 14.8% Marginal Workers. Male workforce (53.2%) predominates.
The occupational distribution points to the predominance of Other than Household Industry workers (34.5%) implying the dominant
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presence of organized industry and commercial services sectors as the main employment providers in the area. Agricultural Laborers (35.4%), Cultivators (28.0%) and Household Industry (2.1%) follow next with relatively less significance as a source of livelihood for the people.
3.10.8 Livelihoods
3.10.8.1 Agriculture
The Project 10km Radios area more than villages people depend on agricultural activity and some members gone to work purpose in nearest cities. Subsistence farming is a traditional source of livelihood in the study area. As per Census, 2011 there are 0.19 lakh cultivators and 0.15 lakh agricultural labourers, who depend on the agricultural and allied activities for livelihood.
Agriculture in the area is primarily monsoon dependent and by and large is limited to a single crop. These area main cultivation of Paddy, Maize and Jawar are the common food crops cultivated. Occasionally paddy cultivation is noticed in areas where sustainable irrigation facilities are available. Cultivation of a few horticultural crops. As agricultural operations are highly seasonal and subject frequent droughts, employment is provided to rural poor under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) up to 150 days.
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The younger generations do not evince much interest in pursuing agriculture and allied activities for a livelihood; they look for alternative employment opportunities based on skills.
3.10.8.2 Industry
Industry and services sector are fast emerging as the prime movers of the socio-economic growth in the area. This is evident from the increasing share of Other than Household Sector workers in the project impact area.
The industry base in the surrounding area is predominated by more than 50 micro, small and medium enterprises engaged in the production of products as diverse as metal products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, food processing etc. A majority of the enterprises comprise growth-oriented and survivalist micro enterprises exist as self-employment ventures.
The younger population in the area looks more towards industry and services sectors for sustainable livelihoods. Roughly around 10% of them are keen to explore self-employment through establishment of micro enterprises in manufacturing and services segments. But they lack the required skills and need proper capacity building support.
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3.10.8.3 Lifestyles
No reliable information/data are available, either at the district or mandal levels, about the lifestyles of people. As such, it will be very difficult to assess the lifestyles in the area with reasonable accuracy. However, based on an impressionistic assessment during the field surveys, it is felt that a majority of the population in the area resides in own accommodation. People have access to basic amenities such as protected drinking water, electric power, education and healthcare. A majority of the people in the area also have access to a mobile phone and a cable TV connection.
Generally, participation and interaction among people in the area is more common at work and during festivals, functions and cultural events. Participation in marriages and mourning is reported to be more common among homogenous social groups. The recreation facilities in the area are reflected in watching TV, playing, cinema going and partying.
3.10.8.4 Physical Infrastructure
The entire study area has access to well-developed and reliable physical infrastructure - road, rail, power and telecommunication network. Both public and private modes of road transport are common.
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3.10.8.5 Social Infrastructure
Fairly well developed and reliable infrastructure exists in the area for basic education, healthcare, housing, banking, recreation and marketing of goods and services.
3.10.8.6 Archaeological Monuments
No archaeological monuments and heritage precincts are observed to be present in the project impact area.
3.11 Biotic Environment
Scope of work for this study is in line with the ToR assigned to the company which include identification of ecologically sensitive receptors based on literature survey and field investigations, prediction of impacts and their mitigation with conservation action plan. The study was carried out in core area (project site) and in buffer area i.e. 10.0 km periphery from the project site. The study was carried out scientifically using primary and secondary data in order to bring out factual information on the ecological conditions of the project site and its surroundings. Biological assessment of the site was done to identify the presence of any Rare or Endangered or Endemic or Threatened (REET) species of flora or fauna in the project site or core area as well its buffer zone and to identify whether there are any ecologically sensitive area within the area that is likely to be impacted (buffer zone). The study also designed to suggest suitable mitigation measures if necessary for protection of wildlife habitats conservation of REET species if any.
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3.11.1 Method of study
1. Baseline data of Terrestrial and Aquatic biological environment by studying distribution pattern, community structure, population dynamics and species composition of Flora and Fauna. Secondary data is collected from various sources. 2. Areas used by protected, important or sensitive species of Flora or Fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration shall be as ascertained. 3. Photo documentation of the flora and fauna including local habitats showing the ecological status of the project site. 4. Discussing the predicted impacts by the proposed activity with local villagers and EIA functional area experts on air, water, noise and other pollutants. 5. Impacts quantification through vegetation analysis. 6. Preparation of the mitigation measures if applicable.
3.11.2 Methodology
A detailed survey of flora and fauna was carried out by a team of experts during the study period (Summer, 2017). A reconnaissance survey has been made randomly to observe the critical habitats to study in detail. General interviews were made with local people on native animals and medicinal plants used frequently. A thorough review was made at each point and spent about 20-30 minutes. The project details were collected and discussed the possible impacts of the project on flora and fauna. Secondary data collected from the GIS division especially the
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report maps related to Land use and Land cover, forest type, forest cover, villages / settlements, road, rail network etc. Primary data of flora collected through quadrate and belt transaction methods where the number of sampling points are finalized through Area- Species graph in the field. Overall 16 quadrates are sampled for flora and in 3 points for birds. Only photographs were taken during the field survey and no damage is created to flora and fauna during the sampling. Specimens were not collected and preserved.
Figure 3.16 Sampling points of Flora and fauna of the study area
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3.11.3 Floral study
Quadrate method has been used for carryout the study of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses. 10 m X 10 m Quadrates for tree species, 5 m X 5 m quadrates for shrubs and 1 m X 1 m quadrates for herbs. statistical analysis is made for 15 sampling points. Species were compared with standard floras and identifying the plants need for conservation. The status of the each species was represented by common, sporadic or rare. The data was compared with the list mentioned in red data book to check REET species.x
Ecological parameters viz., abundance, density, frequency, Relative abundance(RA), Relative density(RD), Relative frequency(RF), Important value index(IVI), Shannon-Wiener diversity index were derived from the quantitative primary data collected during field survey.
3.11.4 Faunal study
A detailed study has been carried out for faunal species by direct and indirect methods. Direct sightings were made for aves, reptiles and insects and secondary data on mammals was collected from local villagers. Bird surveys were carried out through point count method at dawn and desk near water bodies. These techniques are accepted in EIA studies as per the EIA Notification of 2006. The species sighted were photographed and identified with standard pictorial guides. Scheduling of species were done according to Indian Wildlife Protection act (1972) and IUCN is done for each species and checked the REET species. No 3-75 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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quantitative data was calculated as some species are listed through secondary source. As the animals were migratory, habitats used by protected, important or sensitive species for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration were ascertained.
3.11.5 Present Status of biotic environment
Within the project site the area is totally covered with small herbs and grass varieties. The proposed project falls in
6D – Deccan Peninsula Deccan Plateau as per the Biogeography Classification of India. Hot Semi arid type as per the India's Köppen climate classification.
The vegetation of the study area falls under
5A: Southern tropical dry deciduous forests C3: Southern dry mixed deciduous forest; 6A: Southern tropical thorn forests DS1: Southern thorn scrub, 2S1: Secondary dry deciduous forest
by revised classification of Indian forest types (Champion and Seth, 1968). These types of forests are seen throughout the Eastern Ghats and few parts of Western Ghats of the country.
The proposed RSL site does not encounter with any kind of forest types like Reserve Forest, Protected forest or un- classed Forest (declared Protected under “ The Indian Forest Act, 1927”) and “Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments Made in 1988”. (Source: Forest Department). Further no tree cutting is
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Wetland: No wetland notified under “The Ramsar Convention – 1971” or listed under “the National wetland Conservation Programme – 2009” is reported within 10 km from project boundary.
Ecology of proposed expention project site: The proposed expantion project site is confined to a small portion within the RSL site of total18.22 acres and natural grasses and other herbaceous species are present over here. There is a good number of natural and plantation type vegetation maintained within the project site. Certain weeds, natural creepers, herbs are present in the sampling sitessuch as Cassia occidentalis and Alternanthera sessilis and climbers and creepers such as Pergularia daemia, Hemidesmus indicus are very common.Except few common birds, no major fauna or breeding sites found within the site. There no migratory paths or boundary of any protected areas or ecological sensitive zones present in the proposed site.
Overview of the area and plantation activities undertaken by RSL
Near the RSL office, entrance more woody species such as Peltoforum, Samania and Delonix which attract birds and other smaller mammals present. The campus premises was planted with very common tree species are Peltoforum pterocarpum, Dalbergia 3-77 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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sisso, Azadiracta indica, Pongamia pinnata, Plumaria alba, Mangifera indica, Delonix regia, and sporadically distributed trees are Areca sp., Cocos nucifera, Pongamia pinnata. Tall and broad leaved trees were grown towards the boundary wall to check the pollution dispersal rate. The ornamentalplants maintained near the office premises attract more butterfly species. The plantation taken up with the plant unit and near roadside isenhancing the ecological values of the surroundings. The ground flora is also maintained well with typical grass species and creepers.
Core zone: The project site is a private land with manmade ecosystem with few selected trees, shrubs and herbs. Entire area is with terrestrial vegetation is without any forest or agriculture land and it was devoid of any ecologically sensitive biological resources. There are no REET species present in the core zone. No migratory corridors or breeding grounds for faunal species present here. At present green belt is already maintained within the site premises. The common butterflies, Honey bees, dragonflies and birds were sighted here.
The campus premises was naturally grown tree species such as Terminalia arjuna, Tectona grandis, Azadirachta indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Pongamia pinnata, Cocos nucifera, Ficus religiosa. The most commonly seen shrubs are Nerium indicum and herbs such as Catharanthus rosea are very limited as the entire ground covered with natural Indian grass varieties. Apart from that few weeds are commonly seen at the entrance are Euphorbia hirta, Croton bonplantianum, Tridax procumbens, Alternanthera sessilis, Waltheria sp, Parthenium hysterophorus.
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The faunal composition generally with arboreal and semi arboreal based animals. Some very common small animals like Squirrels, rats, skinks and lizards are generally found here. In aves, only spotted doves and blue rock pigeons are seen. Butterflies are fairly attracted to the ornamental plants and water present on grasses.
3.11.6 Bufferzone:
Buffer zone is mostly with human habitations (Village area). Buffer area is mainly agriclutrual land. This area has few trees and shrubs with Mesophytic adaptation. The faunal composition was also estimated based on the direct and indirect evidences. Phoenix aculis, Borassus flabellifer, Azadirachta indica, Prosopis spicegera, Ficus sp, Acacia sp, Tribulus terrstris, Achyranthes aspera, Euphorbia cardifolia, E. tirucelli. Opuntia, are mainly restricted to waste and cultivable waste lands. Albizia procera, Albizia lebbeck, Delonix regia, Azadirachta indica, Peltoforum sp., Terminalia catappa, Psidium guava, Dalbergia sissoo and Tamarindus indica are predominant near surrounding sub urban.
Trees:
The most common tree species occurring are Azadirachta indica, Annona squamosa, Pongamia pinnata, Tectona grandis etc.
Shrubs:
The most common shrubs are Hyptis suaveolens, Cassia auriculata, Phoenix sylvestris, Calotropis procera, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia leucocephala.
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The most common herbs are Tridax procumbens, Crotan bonplantianum, Tephrocia purpuria, Achyranthes aspera.
Climbers:
The commonly seen climbers are Daemia extensa, Hemidesmus indicus. Pergularia daemia and Tinospora cordifolia.
Grasses:
The common grass species are Chloris barbata, Cyperus castaneus, Cynodon dactylon.
IVI and Species Diversity
The Shannon diversity indices are 3.214, 2.375 and 2.537 respectively in the buffer zones of Polamalli RF, waste lands near villages and ponds.
Status of the Plants:
All the species recorded are very common to the region. Most of the trees are homestead and roadside plantation. These are not comes under the IUCN red list. There is no endangered, threatened, or rare species of plants recorded in the study area
Flora in the Non forested points:
In the buffer area, most of the area is under agriculture. In the crop fields, the common weeds and some native plants are present which are not endangered or endemic. The plants that are most dominant are Ficus religiosa, Leucaena leucocephala, Eucalyptus teretocronis, Phoenix sylvestris, Pithecellobium dulce, Pongamia pinnata, Azadirachta indica, 3-80 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora, Tamarindus indica, Tectona grandis and Ziziphus mauritiana. The ground flora is dominant with Tridax procumbens and Alternanthera sessilis. The plants that are most dominant in the points near the forest blocks are Euphorbia tirucalli, Borassus flabellifer, Cassia auriculata, Celosia viridis, Agave Americana,
Identification of Flora
The species of flora found during the species identification survey within the study area of 10 sq km is given in table below.
Endemic, Threatened and Endangered Plant Species
In the floristic checklist, the study area shows rich floristic diversity. Number of floral species in the study area are 187. A good number of species are commercially cultivated in orchards. Number of plant species have medicinal value and also important for other non-timber produces. From the present survey it appears that none of the endangered plant species exist in the study area.
3.11.7 Fauna and Wildlife
A habitat wise survey was carried out both in the core zone and buffer zone. There are no biosphere reserves, National parks, or Sanctuaries within the study area. The core zone is a natural agricultural ecosystem with common plants, which is not suitable for the large and medium sized mammals. Only some common bird species and few reptilian and amphibians are likely to be inhabitated. The buffer zone has no reserve forests, wetlands and other ecological sensitive habitats, which is suitable for wildlife population. The wild animals found are Mongoose, Snakes like Cobra, Viper and Kraits etc. Birds like Drangos, Pond herons and Bee-eaters are also recorded. A perusal
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of the status of different species denotes that there are no Rare or Endangered or Endemic or Threatened (REET) species or any species listed in Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act.
List of Fauna Species recorded in Study Zone Mammalian species in the Study Area * indicates primary data
Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Conservation Status status as per wildlife protection act,1972
Bandicota indica Large Bandicoot Rat LC -
B.bengalensis Lesser Bandicoot Rat LC -
Cynopterus sphinx Short nosed Fruit Bat LC V
Funambulus Three Stripped LC IV palmarum Squirrel*
Mus booduga Little Indian Field LC V Mouse
List of AVES either spotted or reported or recorded from the study area.
Conservation status S.No Technical Name Local name as per wildlife protection act,1972 1. * Acridotheres tristicus Common myna Sch-IV 2. Aegithina tiphia Iora Sch-IV 3. * Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Sch-IV 4. Anas acuta Common Teal Sch-IV 5. Brachypternus Malabar Golden backed wood Sch-IV bengalensis 6. Bubo bubo Indian great horned Owl Sch-IV 7. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Sch-IV 3-82 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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Conservation status S.No Technical Name Local name as per wildlife protection act,1972 8. * Columbus livibus Rock Pigeon Sch-IV 9. Corvus corvus Jungle crow Sch-IV 10.* Corvus splendens House crow Sch-V 11.* Egretta garzetta Little Egret Sch-IV 12. Eudynamis Koel Sch-IV scolopaceus 13. Gallinula chlorpus Moore hen Sch-IV 14. Gallus gallus Red Jungle fowl Sch-IV 15. Haliastur indus Brahmny kite Sch-IV 16. Hierococys varius Common Hawk Cuckoo Sch-IV 17.* Lobvanella indicus Redwattled Lapwing Sch-IV 18. Megalaima merulinus Indian Cuckoo Sch-IV 19. Merops leschenaulti Chestnut headed Bee Eater Sch-IV 20.* Merops orinetalis Common Bee Eater Sch-IV 21. Milvus migrans Pariah kite Sch-IV 22. Milyus migrans Common Kite Sch-IV 23. Motacilla cinerea Grey wagtail Sch-IV 24. Motacilla Large pied wagtail Sch-IV maderaspatensis 25. Oriolus oriolus Indian Oriole Sch-IV 26. Oriolus xanthornus Black Headed Oriole Sch-IV 27. Passer domisticus House Sparrow Sch-IV 28.* Temenuchus Brahmny Myna Sch-IV pagodarum 29. Tephrodornis Common Wood shrike Sch-IV ondiceraianus 30.* Turdoides striatus White headed babler Sch-IV 31. Baya baya Golden sparrow Sch-IV 32. Tylo alba Barn Owl Sch-IV
List of Reptiles either spotted or reported from the study area.
Sl. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Conservatio No. Status n status as per wildlife protection act,1972 1. Ahaetulla nasutus Green whip snake LC 2. Naja naja Indian Cobra LC II 3. Vipera russelli Russel Viper LR II 3-83 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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Sl. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Conservatio No. Status n status as per wildlife protection act,1972 4. Dendrelaphis tristis Common Indian LC Bronze Back or Tree Snake 5. Ptyas mucosus Common Rat snake LC II 6. Amphiesma stolata Buffstriped keelback LC 7. Trimeresurus Green pit viper LC IV gramineus 8. Typhlops Common blind snake LC IV hypomethes 9. Common Smooth LC Enhydris enhydris Water Snake 10. Varanus bengalensis Common Indian LR II monitor 11. Chamaeleon Chameleon VU II zelanicus 12. Mabuya carinata Common Skink* LC 13.* Calotes rouxi Forest Calottes* LC 14.* Calotes versicolor Common garden LC lizard* 15.* Hemimidactylus House gecko* LC brooki 16. Hemidactylus Southern House LC forenatus Gecko
List of Amphibians either spotted or reported from the study area Sl. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Conservation No. Status status as per wildlife protection act,1972 1. Bufo melanosticus Common toad * LC Sch-IV 2. Rana hexadactyla Commn green frog LC Sch-IV
3. Rana leptodactyla Small forg LC Sch-IV
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3.11.8 Aquatic Ecosystem The major surface water bodies within the 10 km radius are Ambajpet Cheruvu in the NW at about 1.40 km, Komtur cheruvu at about 9.20 km in the NW direction, Haldi River at about 9.31 km in the SW direction of the site. The biological resources of aquatic system were studied from the secondary source of information and there are three Amphibian species, six aquatic birds are recorded. The survey results show that none of the aquatic fauna is threatened or endangered according to Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and amended in 1991.
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CHAPTER - 4 IDENTIFICATION & PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
4.1 Identification of impacts Identification of impacts is one of the basic analytical steps of EIA for subsequent prediction and evaluation of impacts. A number of methodologies are available for the identification of impacts. “Net Work Method”, which follows the cause – condition- Effect relationship is adopted for identifying impacts due to the activities of proposed expansion of M/S Radha Smelter Limited.
The generation of cause –condition –effect networks (chain of events) should follow the above mentioned activities and actions. This type of method is advantageous in recognizing the series of impacts triggered by the plant activities. Thus this method had provided a “Road map” type of approach to the identification of second and third order effects.
The idea was to account for the project activity and identify the different types of impacts that would initially occur. The next was to select each impact and identify the impacts. The main advantage of this approach is that it allowed identifying the impacts by selecting and tracing out the events as they may occur.
4.2 Impact Networks
The purpose of identifying the impacts is that if it aids in making appropriate decision to mitigate the adverse consequences if any. It may be pointed out that the distinction between magnitude and importance of the impact should be appreciated. Thus the degree of extensiveness and scale of impacts and consequence based on value judgments are generalized while identifying impacts. As it is imperative that the impact will normally lead to a chain of reactions, The construction of network charts brings out to certain extent the
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appropriate levels of the risks that may occur due to the interventions while interacting with hydrogeological, biological and social systems.
Fig 4.1 to 4.6 represents the identified impacts for various components of environment viz. air, noise, and water land and socio economic aspects. In the above mentioned figure the lines means –“had an effect on”
4.2.1 Air Environment
The Primary impact of air pollutants will be on the air quality. The chemical composition of air may change drastically if dispersion is slow. This will lead to if pollution is for shorter period, immediate health problems. If it continues for a long period, it may also have an impact on climatic changes, ecological equilibrium and economic production of crops. The odor and visibility aspects of air pollutant can have impacts on aesthetics of region
4.2.2 Water Environment
Waste water will affect the environment both directly and indirectly primarily it may affect the land and water quality. This leads to deterioration of production levels of both terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna
4.2.3 Noise Environment
The noise will primarily effect the ambient noise levels. Excessive noise will trigger health risks such as headaches, depression, deafness and retardation of sensory mechanisms
4.2.4 Land Environment
The change in the land use during and after the construction phase is un avoidable. However as long as it is not affecting the soil quality chemistry and sedimentation, the impact is not an undesirable one At the Secondary level the impact will lead to change of agricultural production and livestock
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4.2.5 Biological Environment
The particulate matter and chemical compounds tend to alter soil matrix and water quality. The impact will be on the native biota leading to density reduction and extinction of sensitive species. There may be change in the species diversity and food chain
4.2.6 Socio-economic Environment
Primarily, the impact is expected on the economic environment. The generation of jobs will occur during operation and construction phases. There is scope of multiplier effect on secondary and tertiary employment. The socio economic structure will have a positive change and quality of life would improve due to increase in urbanization and cosmopolitanism. .
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PROJECT
RELEASE OF AIR POLLUTANTS RELEASE OF HEAT
PRIMARY CHANGE IN IMPACTS ON PARTICULATES CLIMATIC CHANGES IMPACTS AIR QUALITY VISIBILITY DEPOSITION ON SOIL, WATER, LAND
AESTHETIC IMPACTS ON IMPACTS ON FLORA & IMPACTS AGRICULTURAL FAUNA
SECONDARY IMPACT ON IMPACTS HUMAN HEALTH
TERTIARY IMAPCTS ON IMPACTS ON SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS ECONOMIC OUTPUT
Fig 4.1 Impacts Network for Air Environment
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PROJECT
NOISE EMISSION
PRIMARY CHANGE IN AMBIENT IMPACTS NOISE LEVEL
SECONDARY HEALTH RISKS IMPACTS ON WORK MIGRATION OF BIRDS, IMPACTS OUTPUT & EFFICIENCY REPTILES POPILATION
TERTIARY IMPACTS ON IMPACTS ON SOCIO IMPACTS ECONOMIC OUTPUT CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Fig 4.2 Impacts Network for Noise Environment
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PROJECT
PRIMARY DISTRUBANCE OF ABSTRACTION OF DISPOSAL OF WASTE IMPACTS LAND WATER WATER SLUDGE ON LAND
CHANGE IN GROUND CHANGE IN SOIL WATER REGIME SUBSTANCES ON LAND TEXTURE & SALTWATER PARTICULATE DEPOSITION PERMEABILITY INTRUSION ON LAND
SECONDARY IMPACTS ON SOIL SALINITY IMPACTS ON FLORA & IMPACTS LANDSCAPE FAUNA
IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON LIVE PRODUCE STOCK
TERTIARY IMPACTS ON SOCIO IMPACTS ON IMPACTS CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ECONOMIC OUTPUT
Fig 4.3 Impacts Network for Land Environment
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PROJECT
AIR EMISSION WASTE WATER SOLID WASTE
SOIL MATRIX
SOIL ACIDIFICATION
AFFECT NATIVE SOIL BIOTA
NITROGEN FIXING NITRIFYING OTHER pH SENSITIVE MICRO FLORA
DECOMPOSITION MINERILIZATION OF ORGANIC MATTER
REDUCTION IN SOIL FERTILITY & PRODUCTIVITY
Fig 4.4 Impacts Network for Biological Flora & Fauna
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EFFECTS OF WASTE WATER
DIRECT INDIRECT
LAND ECO SYSTEM WATER ECO SYSTEM LAND ECO SYSTEM WATER ECOSYSTEM
CHANGE IN SOIL CHANGE IN WATER FERTILITY OF LAND COMMUNITY TEXTURE RESOURCES HEALTH
SHIFT IN GROUP OF PATTERN OF CROPS SHIFT IN DYNAMICS SHIFT IN THE DYNAMIC DESIRED ORGANISMS FLORA FAUNA POPULATION OF ACQUATIC INJURIOUS TO FLORA AND FAUNA GROUND WATER EXISTING PLANT TABLES & ITS QUALITY COMMUNITY DELETERIOUS TO WATER LIVING BODIES
ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES SOCIO ECONOMIC IMBALANCES
Fig 4.5 Identification of Likely Impacts of waste water
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PROJECT
ECONOMIC INPUT ECONOMIC COST OUTPUT COST
Employment DEMAND for Demand for Communication Infrastructure NET INCOME OUTPUT Opportunities FACILITIES Facilities
CHANGE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF BETTER AIR WATER AESTHETIC BASE OF THE REGION ANCILLARY PRODUCT LAND NOISE RISK INDUSTRIES AVAILABILITY POLLUTION
SAVING OF FOREIGN EFFECT ON EFFECT ON EFFECT ON Visual EFFECT ON Building EXCHANGE HUMAN HEALTH Agriculture & Environment Materials, Fisheries Monuments
EFFECT on Supply, EFFECT on EFFECT on Human Sewerage, solid Educations, Medical, health & Recreational waste Management Transport Facilities facilities
Fig 4.6 Impacts Network for Socio Economic & Cultural Environment
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4.3 Prediction of Impact on Air Quality 4.3.1 Details of Mathematical Modeling A large number of different mathematical models for dispersion calculations are in practice in many parts of the world. Most of the models for prediction of downwind concentrations are based on Gaussian dispersion. The principle behind the Gaussian dispersion models is Gaussian probability distribution of concentration in both vertical and horizontal cross wind directions about the plume central line.
Predictions of ground level concentrations of the pollutants were carried out based on site meteorological data collected during the study period. For calculation of predicted ground level concentrations, AERMOD, a model of Lakes Environmental based on USEPA, ISCST3 algorithms, was used; as it’s based on more sophisticated algorithm incorporating deposition, better algorithm for area sources, etc.
The ISC3 models include several new features. A revised area source algorithm and revised dry deposition algorithm have been incorporated in the models. The ISC3 models also include an algorithm for modeling impacts of particulate emissions from open pit sources, such as surface coal mines. The Short Term model includes a new wet deposition algorithm, and also incorporates the COMPLEX1 screening model algorithms for use with complex and intermediate terrain. When both simple and complex terrain algorithms are included in a Short Term model run, the model will select the higher impact from the two algorithms on an hour-by-hour, source-by-source, and receptor by- receptor basis for receptors located on intermediate terrain, i.e., terrain located between the release height and the plume height.
The salient features of the ISCST3 model are presented below in Table 4.1. The air quality predictions have been made using the model evaluation protocol for fugitive dust impact modeling for surface coal mining operations (EPA 1995, EPA 1994).
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Table 4.1 Salient Features of the ISCST3 Model S.No Item Details 1 Model name ISCST3 (Based on USEPA algorithm) 2 Source Types Point, Area, Volume, Open Pits 3 Dispersion Equation Steady State Gaussian Plume Equation 4 Diffusion Parameters Pasquill Gifford Co-efficient 5 Plume Rise Briggs Equation 6 Time Average 1 hr to Annual/Period Has Short Term and Long Term modeling options 7 Deposition Both Dry and Wet Deposition 8 Application Input Data: (i) Source Data Stack co-ordinates (ii) Receptor Data Grid interval, number of receptors, receptor elevations (iii) Meteorological Hourly meteorological data i.e. Data wind speed, direction, ambient temperature, stability and mixing heights
4.3.1.1Model Formulation The model uses the following steady state Gaussian plume equation. The basic equation for calculating the concentration of pollutants for any point in x, y, z co-ordinates is given below:
2 2 C(x,y,z,H) = Q/2π σy σz U exp[-1/2(y/σy) ] x [exp{-1/2(z-h/σz) } 2 + exp {-1/2 (z+H/σz) }] Where C= Concentration of pollutants in mg/cu m Q= Strength of emissions in g/sec. H= Effective Height (m), i.e., physical height + plume raise y, z= diffusion coefficients in y and z directions in m. U= average wind velocity in m/sec. The following assumptions are made in Gaussian dispersion model.
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This model assumes no diffusion in the down wind direction and thus applicable to a plume and not a puff of pollutant. The dispersion parameter values used for horizontal dispersion coefficient and vertical dispersion coefficients are those given in the “Work book of atmospheric dispersion estimates”. These dispersion coefficients assume a sampling time of about 10 min., the height values of interest to be in the lowest several hundred meters of the atmosphere, a surface corresponding to the open country. The stacks are tall enough to be free from building turbulence so that no aerodynamic down wash occurs. The given stability exists from ground level to well above the top of the plume.
The Gaussian dispersion model has been tested extensively for its validity and found to be reasonably applicable for different atmospheric conditions. BIS has also adopted this basic plume dispersion model. Hence the same model is adopted for predictions of downwind concentrations of pollutants in this report.
4.3.1.2 Meteorological Data
Data recorded by the weather monitoring station at site on wind speed, direction, solar insolation, temperature and cloud cover at one hourly interval for three months i.e. One full season has been used for computations. Hourly atmospheric stability determined based on the technique suggested by Turner. Visual observations were made on for the solar insolation and cloud cover during study period. The methodology adopted for establishing the hourly stability class is given in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2 Atmospheric Stability Classification
Insolation (Day time) Night time Wind Thin over cast Speed <3/8 Strong Moderate Slight or >4/8 low (m/sec) Cloud cloud <2 A A-B B - - 2-3 A-B B C E F 3-5 B B-C C D E
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5-6 C C-D D D D >6 C D D D D
Mixing Height: As the site specific mixing height is not available USEPA approved general mixing heights as applicable for Industrial Source Complex (ISC) model have been considered for modeling to establish the worst case scenario. The mixing heights considered for modeling is given Table 4.3.
Table 4.3 Mixing Heights Considered for Computations
Stability Class Mixing Height (m)
A 1300 B & C 900 D 750 E & F 400
4.3.2 Plant Emissions
The sources of air pollution from the plants of Radha Smelters limited are outlined in the table. The major pollutants generated from the fuel
combustion are SO2, NOx and Particulate Matter. Based on fuel analysis and combustion details the emission rates of above pollutants are
calculated. The emission rates of SO2, NOx and Particulate Matter from each stack are presented in Table 4.4.
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Table 4.4 Emission Details of Pollutants from Stack
Stack Capacity Stack Stack Temp.of Exist Pm10 PM2.5 SO2(g/sec) NOx attached to (Tonnes) height(M) dia (m) exhaust velocity (g/Sec) (g/sec) (g/sec) gases m/s oC Existing Induction 70 30 1.0 130 7.15 -- -- 2.5 1.3 furnace-1 Induction 80.5 27 1.6 125 7.80 -- -- 2.3 1.1 furnace-2 DG sets 1x125 KVA 6 0.3 150 17.7 0.154 0.082 0.183 0.27 Proposed Induction 405 30 1.5 140 7.30 1.484 0.89 3.225 4.515 Furnance-3 Induction 400 30 1.5 140 7.30 1.480 0.90 3.225 4.512 Furnance- 1(upgraded) Induction 405 30 1.5 140 7.30 1.478 0.88 3.222 4.513 Furnance 2 (upgraded) DG set 2x400 KVA 6 0.5 220 20.3 0.181 0.096 0.235 0.42
DG sets 1x250 KVA 6 0.3 180 18.6 0.163 0.09 0.210 0.38
Note: 1) DG sets are being used as standby power source only. (Average running hours per day is about 30 minutes) 2) If Coal proposed to be used is singereni coal with 38% ash content
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4.3.2.1 Air Quality Predictions Predictions of ground level concentrations of the pollutants were carried out based on site meteorological data collected during the period from March– May 2017. For calculation of ground level concentrations a grid of 20 km X 20 km with a receptor interval of 500 meters is considered.
The composition of particulate matter was obtained from USEPA AIRCHIEF AP-42 and the same was considered in determining the source
concentration of PM10 for prediction purpose. The predicted maximum 24
hourly ground level concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 SO2 and NOx and distance of occurrence during different seasons of study period are presented in Table 4.5.
It may be observed that the annual predicted maximum 24 hourly GLC’s
of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx are 1.510, 0.905, 3.281 and 4.593 mg/m3respectively and the maximum values are observed at a distance of 1.0 km from the center of plant site in South West direction. However it
may be noted that the predicted values of the SO2 and NOx are based on the assumption that the DG sets are used constantly, where as the DG set usage is only during load shut down from TSCPDCL.
The GLC’s are also predicted at air quality monitoring locations and the predicted GLC’s are presented in Tables 4.6 and the cumulative concentrations at various villages are tabulated in Table 4.7.It may be observed from the Table that the predicted results show that the incremental rise over existing base line status of ambient air quality is within the limits prescribed by CPCB for residential and rural areas. Hence the control measures and height of stack is sufficient to disperse the pollutants into the atmosphere and keeping the baseline levels within the prescribed limits. The predicted ground level concentrations are
graphically displayed for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx respectively in Figure 4.7 – 4.10.
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Table 4.5 Maximum Predicted 24 hourly GLC’s S.No Parameter Predicted GLC Distance (KM) Direction (µg/m3)
1 PM10 1.510 0.7 SW SW 2 PM2.5 0.905 0.7 SW 3 SO2 3.281 0.7 SW 4 NOX 4.593 0.7
Table 4.6 Predicted GLC’s at Monitoring Locations
Distan Predicted GLC (µg/m3) S. Monitoring Direct ce No Location ion (Km) PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
1 Project Site --- -- 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 KamaramTanda NE 2.7 Km 0.304 0.182 0.661 0.926
3 Vallabhapur NE 5.7 Km 0.146 0.087 0.317 0.443
ChinnaSankara 4 SW 1.0 Km 1.510 0.905 3.281 4.593 mpet
5 Mirzapalle N 3.3 Km 0.168 0.101 0.365 0.511
6 Chandampet SSE 2.2 Km 1.510 0.905 3.281 4.593
7 Chegunta SE 7.0 Km 0.126 0.076 0.274 0.383
8 Madur NW 3.3 Km 0.191 0.114 0.414 0.580
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Table 4.7 Cumulative Concentrations at Various Villages
Base Line Ground Level Cumulative AAQ Location PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox Project site 70.3 37.4 17.4 18.4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 70.300 37.400 17.400 18.400 KamaramTanda 60.4 24.3 16.3 17.3 0.304 0.182 0.661 0.926 60.704 24.482 16.961 18.226 Vallabhapur 60.4 27.3 17.3 16.3 0.146 0.087 0.317 0.443 60.546 27.387 17.617 16.743 ChinnaSankarampet 60.2 26.3 16.2 16.3 1.510 0.905 3.281 4.593 61.710 27.205 19.481 20.893 Mirzapalle 60.4 30.4 15.2 16.3 0.168 0.101 0.365 0.511 60.568 30.501 15.565 16.811 Chandampet 60.2 28.5 13.5 16.3 1.510 0.905 3.281 4.593 61.710 29.405 16.781 20.893 Chegunta 56.3 23.2 13.2 16.3 0.126 0.076 0.274 0.383 56.426 23.276 13.474 16.683 Madur 60.2 27.5 12.3 16.3 0.191 0.114 0.414 0.580 60.391 27.614 12.714 16.880
Reserve Forest
Location Ground Levels Kundapur R.F. 0.100 0.060 0.216 0.303 Gajgatlapalli R.F. 0.163 0.098 0.354 0.495 Muhammadapur R.F. 0.212 0.127 0.461 0.645 Khajapur R.F. 0.153 0.092 0.333 0.466 SankhapurR.F 0.140 0.084 0.304 0.426 Ibrahimpur R.F. 0.166 0.100 0.361 0.505 Polamalli R.F. 0.232 0.139 0.503 0.705 WadiramR.F 0.217 0.130 0.472 0.661 Soraram R.F. 0.063 0.038 0.138 0.193
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Figure 4.7 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of PM10
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Figure 4.8 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of PM2.5
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Figure 4.9 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of SO2
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Figure 4.10 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of NOX
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4.4 Prediction of Impacts on the Noise Environment The sound pressure level generated by noise sources decreases with increasing distance corm the source due to waved divergence. An additional decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected, due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.
For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogeneous loss free medium, cane and estimate noise levels at various locations, due to different sources using model based of first principle as per the following equation:
Lp2 = Lp1 Log (r2/r1) – Area ……… (1)
Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound pressure levels at points located at distances
r1 and r2 from the source and Ae1.2 is the excess attenuation due to environmental conditions. Combined effect of all the sources can then be determined at various locations by logarithmic addition.
In the first approximation one can assume that for all general population in the villages, every noise source in the plant is a point source. The average equivalent sound power level of such a point source can be estimated for different distances and directions from hypothetical source by applying equation:
Lp = Lw - 20 Log r Ae – 81 ………(2)
Where Lw is the sound power level3 of the source, Lp is the sound
pressure level at a distance of a r and Ae Is environmental attenuation
factor. A combined noise level Lp (Total) of all the sources at a particulate place is given by:
(Lp1/10) (Lp2/10) Lp (Total) = 10 Log ( 10 + 10 + …..) ……(3)
Noise levels emanating from most of the proposed steel plant complex are given in Table 4.8
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Table 4.8 Average typical Noise Levels from Existing Industrial Units
No Source Noise Level – dB(A) 1 DG Sets 80 – 85 2 Pumps 70 – 75 3 Air Compressor 75 – 80
The DG sets are used only during power failure for controlling emergency operations. Predictions have been made taking into account all operations and utilities thus reflecting the worst – case scenario. The predicted cumulative noise levels due to the source and the existing level as calculated from the logarithmic model without noise attenuation ranged between 40dB to 70 dB at a distance ranging between 100 m and 15 m. There is no residential area in the immediate surroundings and also the area is identified industrial development area, the impact of noise on the population is the surrounding areas are negligible. The model assumes that there are no obstructions/structures. However it must be noted that green belt will attenuate the noise levels further.
4.5 Prediction of Impacts on Water Environment
Impact on water quality
No impact on water quality is anticipated as the unit proposes to cool the hot water from furnace and rolling mill sections and recycle for cooling purposes. It is proposed to treat the water to remove Oil & Grease contamination and Suspended solids. The mill waste generated from settling tanks would be sold as bi-product
As the mill waste need to be dewatered and dried before sold out, contamination of soil likely to be there if no proper facilities of de- watering
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Domestic waste water to a tune of 14.0 KLD from toilets, washings and canteen facilities. It should be treated and re-use water for gardening purpose
Ground water quality improvement
The overall type of groundwater occurring around the proposed site is indicative of fresh water with low to moderate total dissolved solids (TDS), dominance of calcium bicarbonate (HCO3) and sulphate (SO4), and presence of magnesium (Mg) concentrations. To replenish water resources and rejuvenation of streams to some extent, suitable water conservation measures like artificial recharge can be adopted to minimize the ground water depletion and maximize the replenishment of groundwater resources. It also provides an opportunity to utilize the surplus monsoon runoff which is otherwise lost unutilized. Rainwater harvesting, storm water management, ridges, ditch and furrow system are some of the popular artificial recharge methods suitable to the study area.
With the rainwater harvesting system the ground water will be recharge resulting in rise of ground water levels and improvement in the quality of ground water
Impact on water resources
In collaboration with the state departments, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) carried out ground water resource estimation and categorization studies for the Sadasivapet Mandal of Medak District for the year 2008- 09. The CGWB has categorized the area as ‘safe’ with the stage of ground water utilization of 57%, indicating good scope for further ground water development. These details are applicable to the study area also, as it forms part of the Mandal.
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Table 4.9 Ground Water Resources of Chinnasankarampet Mandal, Medak District, Telangana. S No Item Total
(ham)
1. Recharge from Rainfall during Monsoon Season 1770
2. Recharge from Other Sources during Monsoon 217 Season
3. Recharge from Rainfall during Non-monsoon 451 Season
4. Recharge from Other Sources during Non- 280 monsoon Season
5. Total Ground Water Recharge (1+2+3+4) 2718
6. Provision for Natural Discharge 272
7. Net Annual Ground Water Availability (5-6) 2446
8. Stage of Ground Water Development % 57%
9. Category Safe
The main source of water is ground water through bore wells. Thus out of 431.5KLD of total water requirement, 249.5 KLD will be fresh water and 192 KLD will be recycled water after cooling.
4.6 Prediction of Impacts on Soil
The overall impact on soil is negligible as the treated effluent is reused in the plant and balance is used for greenbelt. Green belt development surrounding the plant site would reduce the soil erosion and surrounding ecology and aesthetic appeal of the area. Trees will absorb specific air pollutants, reduce noise pollution, reduce soil temperature, help in holding moisture in the soil, attract more birds and overall will help in maintaining
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the homeostasis of the environment. Further to existing green belt, an additional area of greenbelt is proposed to be developed which will significantly improve the environmental quality
The slag waste generated from slag crusher, Dust collected from bag filters, Mill waste generated from recycling water treatment shall be stored and disposed properly to avoid any soil contamination
4.7 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment
The socio-economic impacts of the proposed expansion project could be assessed in terms of demand-supply aspects for goods and services in the area, pressure on natural resources and infrastructure, growth of industry, sustainability of livelihoods and employment. Some indirect impacts can also be understood in terms of public health and safety, preserving local culture and aesthetics. Based on a close understanding and assessment, the socio-economic impacts of RSL’s proposed secondary steel making project are predicted as follows: Table 4.10
Socio Economic Impacts of the project
Sl. Impact Area Predicted Impacts No. Positive Negative
1 Natural No shifts in land use Nil Resource pattern would occur. Sustainability
2 Human No land acquisition and Nil Settlement displacement of people or habitations would be involved. Land required for project expansion already exists within factory premises of the project proponents in Shankarampet 3 Livelihoods No loss of existing Increased influx livelihoods in the area is of people in expected to occur. project
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Additional livelihood construction and opportunities are operation expected directly as also phases. as spinoffs. 4 Employment Creation of employment Nil Generation opportunities for about 50 local skilled and semi- skilled workers during project construction phase. Creation of sustainable employment for additional 50 skilled workers during project operation phase, in production as also auxiliary activities. Multiplier effect due to induced growth during construction and operational phases in downstream and upstream project activities for about 150 persons. 5 Spinoffs Development/upgradation Possible of vocational and soft emergence of skills of about 100 local increased and youth over the next five unfair years thus enhancing competition in their employability. local markets Emergence of local adversely entrepreneurs in impacting complementary activities businesses and such as small business, livelihoods of transportation, education, some. housekeeping, repairs,Houses rents,Ration shops and maintenance etc.
6 Incomes and Improvement of money Nil Revenues incomes of locals by an average 10% p.a. Improved tax revenues of Shankarampet Village
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and State govt. 7 Demographics The population levels of the neighbouring villages are not likely to change in any significant manner. The lifestyles are expected to improve in tune with the rise in incomes and improvement in infrastructure facilities. The skill sets of the local residents are expected to improve in keeping with the emerging employment opportunities. 8 Physical Road and power network Increased vehicle Infrastructure in the area is expected to traffic leading to be strengthened further probable higher as a sequel to industrial incidence of development around. accidents. 9 Social Improvement to housing Increased Infrastructure stock, educational pressure on facilities and healthcare residential facilities in the accommodation, neighbouring villages. water supply and sanitation in the neighbourhood. 10 Community Building plans and quality Nil Aesthetics of construction in the area is expected to improve in the years to go as a sequel to industrial development. There are no heritage precincts and archaeological monuments around the project location that would be adversely impacted.
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4.8 Prediction of Impact on local flora and fauna
The site, over which the existing plant is located and the expansion project is proposed, is situated over 18.22 acres. The baseline data reveals that no ecologically sensitive habitats or species. Hence, no need to take conservation for site specific or habitat specific parameters. However, in this ecosystem producers and consumers are interacting each other in the presence of abiotic aspects. The integrated study on all environmental parameters at various levels reveals that wastes generated from various sources, quantity, time and direction are adversely impact on natural flora and fauna of the surround proposed activity. The detailed impact study results are given here.
Identified impacts: The proposed activities affect environmental segments of the surrounding region not very significant. The effect on biological environment can be divided into two parts, viz. the effect on flora and the effect on fauna. Effect on flora is due to two main reasons, land clearing due to construction activities and project operational phase.
Impacts classification and grading:
The impacts of the proposed project may be divided into two criteria aspects based when the impacts are likely to occur:
1. Impacts during construction or establishment and
2. Impacts during operation
The activities associated with the proposed activity will have very less impacts on terrestrial flora and fauna of the core area and buffer zone area.
The overall impact of the project is:
Magnitude: less
Extent: The extent of the impact is on-site as the impacts will be limited to the boundaries of the Site.
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Duration: The duration would be short-term as the natural vegetation of the site would be affected during the construction phase.
Intensity or magnitude: The intensity is very less during construction and operation phases.
Reversible or Irreversible: Nil
Direct or indirect: Indirect impacts on crop production and chlorosis and necrosis to leaves of the natural vegetation due to gaseous emissions.
Table 4.11
Ecological factors
Species diversity No reduction
Habitat loss or fragmentation Nil Affect on any additional risk or threat to the rare or Nil endangered or endemic or threatened (REET) species
Any impairment of ecological functions such as (i) Nil disruption of food chains, (ii) decline in species population and or (iii) alterations in predator-prey relationships
Is it possible to attain the global objectives of “no net Yes loss” of biodiversity Is it possible to improve the biological diversity through Yes the proposed mitigation activity
From the above table, it is very clear that proposed activity shall not impact on the biodiversity of the region. Hence, it is recommended to construct the proposed project in the proposed locality by following certain conservation measures. However, habitat and species conservation at large scale may give some benefit to the surrounding region.
Positive benefits of the existing plantation activities undertaken by Project authority:
Benefits in terms of enhanced biodiversity:
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There are good number of trees planted towards the boundary of the industry. However more number of trees, shrubs and herbs are recommended under greenbelt are also helps in enhancing biodiversity at various levels. More ornamental, palm trees, uncommon verities of the climbers and shrubs which are suitable to the region can be taken into criteria.
Aesthetics: The beauty of the region will be enhanced through various flowering plants which intern attracts butterflies and other bird species of the region.
Carbon sink: Planting new forests, rehabilitating degraded forests and enriching existing forests contribute to mitigating climate change as these actions increase the rate and quantity of carbon sequestration in biomass. Introduction of trees on non-forest or degraded forestlands, industrial plantations, Village plantations, restoration of natural forest, watershed protection, orchards and perennial cultures, agro-forestry activities enhance the ecological and economic values. Other indirect benefits such as reduction of depletion of ozone layer and global warming etc.
Impact –mitigation matrix
Based on our observation, literature review and consultation with local people, NGO and forest department, following impact vs. mitigation matrix is formulated. It is advised that company shall follow the suggestions provided in the following table.
Table 4.12
Impacts of the proposed activity up to 10 sq. km.
Impact Project Study Impact component Phases Zones quality Mitigation
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Parties Parties On site On site Duration Duration Direction Direction Operation Operation Core zone Reference Reference Document Document Magnitude Magnitude Buffer zone Buffer zone Responsible Construction Construction Post Operation Post Direct or indirect Direct or Measures Needed Measures Legal Status of
the site Protected Areas (National parks, ------Wildlife Sanctuaries) Reserve Forests - - - - Y Y - - - Y Y - - Ramsar site ------Wetlands of National ------Importance Wetlands of International ------Importance Mangroves and ------coastal vegetation Lentic water - - - - Y Y ------bodies Lotic Water bodies - - - - Y Y ------Coastal ------Ecosystem Flora and Fauna
Endangered Fauna (Schedule------I) Endemic Species ------Threatened / Near ------Threatened Vulnerable ------species Ecological Sensitivity Elephant corridors ------Important Bird ------Migratory Path Breeding/ Nesting ------habitats Sea turtle nesting ------grounds Halophytes ------Loss of fodder ------
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resources Loss of carbon ------sink Crop lands and - - - - Y Y ------plantations
Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that even though there are few ecologically sensitive habitats in core and buffer zones, the impact will not be there on any such habitat at any manner. However, to promote the environmental sustainability of the total area, the following measures can be taken.
4.8.1 Anticipated general impacts due to Steel industry on Flora and fauna:
Steel production has a number of impacts on the environment, including air emissions (CO, SOx, NOx, PM2.5), wastewater contaminants, hazardous wastes, and solid wastes. Virtually all of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with steel production are from the carbon dioxide emissions related to energy consumption. Gaseous emissions and metal dust are the most prominent sources of waste from furnaces.
Dust may be generated during construction of and in the operation of a steel plant. Fugitive dust is anticipated from slag crusher and material transportation. During construction, dust most often arises from vehicle movements on unsealed roads and from earthmoving operations using construction plant such as excavators. During operation of plant, dust particles may be emitted from the processes/activities. Dust may be deposited on crops and in water bodies and watercourses; it may also reduce air quality with impacts on human health particularly where dust particles contain harmful matter. The generation of dust can have a negative effect on vegetation when emitted to the surrounding environment. Gaseous emissions may reduce air quality with impacts on human health particularly where emissions are of harmful gases. The impact can be extremely serious, e.g. where emissions contain harmful compounds such as dioxins.
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Mitigation Measures for Habitat specific alternations • Maintenance of the native plant species for conservation.
• Not to discharge and solid or liquid wastes directly or indirectly into the surrounding habitat.
• A detailed study with an ecologist is required for seasonal impacts of the project.
• Regular consultation with local forest officials and NGOs to improve the degraded habitat and participate in conservation practices also with them.
• Conducting more awareness programmes near the surrounding villagers and local staff members.
The core project area, the adjoining areas shares similar habitat, and thus clearing of ground will not eliminate habitat of any species permanently. Overall, there are no threats for increasing the rarity of any species under this criterion. The vehicular movement and road traffic sometimes results in introduction of unwanted weed species. The site already has existing traffic and population interaction and hence the probability to increase weed species will be very less. The project site does not overlap with any of the recognized Ramsar sites. The construction phase does not envisaged excavation or alteration in water bodies hence shall not entail changes in aquatic biodiversity. The construction does not involve diversion or change in the major rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. Considering these aspects, a comprehensive green belt development plan is proposed which shall improve the existing status of ecosystems and associated biodiversity in the nearby area. These habitat improvement efforts shall not only cover the project core area but adjoining areas as well.
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4.9 Overall Environmental Impacts and mitigation measures of the project
Below Table summarises the overall impact of the expansion project on the environment ie., physical, biotic and social environments in the surrounding area
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Table 4.13 Environmental Impacts and their significance levels
Significance level Environmental On a scale of 1-5 Management Action Issues/Impacts ( 1- low 2- Margincal 3- Medicum 4- High & 5- very high CONSTRUCTION PHASE Dust generation Significance level is 2 with marginal • Plantation will be improved due to construction signicance • Horticulturists to identify the species. activities • Supervising consultants/ contractor to ensure the water sprinkling
Exhaust gases from Signficance Level is 2 with • Contractors to be educated and construction machinery marginal significance supervising consultant to ensure and transportation the same. of materials
Sedimentation of Sinficance level of 2 • Storm water drains will be planned storm water during along with construction plan rainy season • Proper traps will be planned to avoid sediments reaching storm water drains
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Alteration of Significance level is 1 Rain water harvesting will be Drainage augmented to re-charge ground water
As there are no natural drains passing through the plant and there is no alteration of drainage pattern.
Water Consumption Significance level is 2 as the project Rain water harvesting measures will be is depending on ground water incorporated in the EMP resource
Pollution from Significance level is 2 • No labor camps required at the site as construction workers local labour will be employed • Toilets with septic tanks will be provided for work force during construction Loss of productive soil Significance level is 2 • Top soil would be stock piled separately to re-use for plantation purposes
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Soil Erosion Significance level is 2 as large scale • Cut and fill operation to be done construction activity is not involved during non-monsoon season. in the expansion activity • Silt fence to ensure silt does not enter storm water drains. • Side slopes will be kept flatter wherever possible, and in case of steeper slopes it is mulched.
Contamination of Soil Significance level is 2 • Vehicle washing and machinery washing to be avoided in site. • Parking of vehicles and maintenance of vehicles to be avoided in site. • Disposal of solid wastes by construction workers to be made in garbage bins only.
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Natural Resource Significance level is 3 • Identify sand availability from consumption government-authorised locations • Use of robotic sand to maximum extent possible. • Identify and use bricks from coal ash users.
Noise Pollution from • Significance level is 3 • Noise causing activities to be heavy machinery, and conducted during daytime. transportation. • Maintenance of equipment and vehicles to mitigate noise generation. • PPE shall be provided to workers
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Construction debris Significance level is 2 • Construction debris to be used for aggregate and or sub grade purpose in the case of RCC • recyclable metals to be collected and sold to recyclers • avoidance of excess inventory of materials.
OCCUPATION STAGE Dust Generation from • Significance level is 3 • Plantation. material transport • Maintenance of roads by way of vehicles sweeping. • Water sprinklers on roads
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Emissions from Induction • Significance level is 5 as it can • Upgrading the existing scrubbing furnaces impact out side environment if system of two furnaces to bag filters pollution control measures are not • Establishment & Continuous taken operation of high efficiency Bag Filters • Provision of primary and secondary ducts for induction furnaces • Use of good grade scrap • Maintenance of bag filters • Availability of spare bags • Stack heights as per the CPCB Norms Emissions from Producer • Significance level is 3 •• OperatePeriodical scrubbing monitoring system of emissions gas unit As this is stan by unit only continuously • Used as only stand by in case of any failure of Continuous casting machines • Periodical monitoring of emissions
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Emissions from Slag Significance level is 4 as dust can • Enclose the conveyor systems Crusher impact work force thoroughly • Provide bag filter with suction points to extract dust generated at transfer points • Provide shed for storage of crushed slag • Provide water sprinklers in slag storage area
Emissions from DG sets • Significance level is 3 • Enclose the DG sets with acoustic • DG sets are only stand by enclosures arrangements • Provide enough stack height as per the CPCB norms • Maintain DG sets as per the manufacturers recommendation
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Waste Water Management • Significance level is 4 • The cooling water from rolling mill and induction furnace shall be pre-treated to remove oil & grease and suspended solids and recycled back • Domestic waste water shall be treated in STP and re-used for gardening
Storm water • Significance level is 3 • Storm water will be disposed into storm Management water out let approved by TSPCB • Storm water drains will be maintained periodically before monsoon. • Accidental discharges spillages will not be allowed to join storm water drains. • Roads, pavements and other surfaces are swept regularly. • Storm water quality shall be monitored regularly and records shall be maintained
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Water Conservation • Significance level is 4 as natural • Water conservation measures to be Measures . resource is used for plant purposes adopted to reduce resource consumption • Water consumption for various uses shall be measured and records shall be maintained • Rain water conservation shall be done by re-charge pits. 2 Recharge well for roof water and 4 Rain water harvesting pits for other open areas
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Solid & Hazardous Wastes • Significance level is 4 • Solid waste/garbage to be collected in green and blue dustbins. • The biodegradable wastes to be removed everyday while the recyclable wastes to be removed once a week. • Bio degradable waste shall be composted • Slag waste shall be used for land filling • Proper storage of crushed slag and mill waste shall be done • Waste oil generated from Rolling mill and DG sets shall be filtered and re-used for lubrication purpose • Tar waste generated from producer gas units ( If operated ) shall be disposed to TSDF
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Noise Levels • Significance level is 3 as they are • Noise levels due to traffic will increase confined to plant premises in the area and the mitigation measures like maintaining greenery • Noise levels from DG sets to be mitigated by the provision of acoustic enclosures.
Traffic Control • Significance level is 3 • The plant management must ensure proper parking of vehicles carrying raw materials in designated areas only • Cleaning operations of trucks shall no be allowed in plant premises or nearby water bodies • Contractors shall be educate on this by Radha Smelters Limited Flora • As a part of expansion activity, • The Project authorities M/S Rahda Smelter Limited management to there will be increase in green belt ensure greening the open space. and hence will be positive aspect
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Energy Conservation • Significance level is 3 • The energy conservation measures for operation of various equipments and pumps shall be ensured • Energy efficient lighting shall be ensured • Use of solar street lighting is suggested
Fire Safety • Significance level is 5 • The plant management must provide necessary emergency equipments outlined in chapter 7 • Regular mock drills shall be done by team
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Worker Safety • Significance level is 5 • Personal protective equipment shall be provided to all employees working in furnace and rolling mill areas • Regular health check up shall be done as per the norms and records shall be maintained • Display of Safety warnings in rolling mill and induction furnace area • Periodic breaks shall be given to people working in hot areas of furnace and rolling mill • Periodic audit of electrical installations shall be carried out • Emergency vehicle shall be available at site 24x7
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4.10 Prediction of Impact on Vehicular Traffic The plant is located near the Chegunta to Medak State road. As this is 2 lane road with median, the Traffic volume it can take is 2400 PCU/Hour. There will be marginal increase in traffic density to the extent of 15 truck trips in a month, and 60 PCU’s per day. Thus additional traffic on this road from the project would be 2.5 PCU/Hour which is very marginal and this road can take this load.
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Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternative Sites & Technologies
5.1 PROPOSED PROJECT
M/s Radha Smelters Ltd, situated near Chinnasankarampet (V&M), Medak District, Telangana state is manufacturing MS Billets /Ingots by melting MS scrap and Sponge iron in Induction Furnace and casting in Continuous Casting Machine and TMT Bars by Rerolling in Rolling mill since 2008. The company is operating one Induction furnace and Rolling mill as unit 1 and another Induction furnace as unit 2.
Now the company proposes to merge the two units and expand the project by upgrading the capacities of existing two Induction furnaces and the rolling mill in the first two phases & installing one more Induction furnace and rolling mill in the third phase, for increasing the production capacity of MS Billets and TMT Bars to 4,26,465 TPA and 4,16,988 TPA after 3 phases.
5.2 ALTERNATIVE SITES:
This is a brown field project. The company is having 18.22 acres of land at Sy. No. 327, 328 & 338/A2 of Chinna Sankarampet Village in Medak District of Telangana. The unit is operating current units since 2009. It is proposed to enhance the capacities of existing two induction furnaces and rolling mill and establish one additional induction furnace and rilling mill in 3 phases. As sufficient land is available for this expansion activity, no alternatives are evaluated
5.3 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Steel production is mainly done by 3 routes
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Electrical Arc Furnace Induction furnace
The Blast furnace technology is highly capital intensive and small& Medium scale units can not make such high investment
The Electrical Arc Furnace is also high capital intensive but low energy requirement. However process complication is higher
The Induction furnace is well established technology for small and medium scale units.
As the existing unit is also based on induction furnace and in first two phases, it is proposed to enhance the capacity of furnaces. In the third phase it is proposed to add one additional induction furnace
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Chapter 6
Post Environmental Monitoring
6.1 Introduction
The environmental monitoring program provides such information on which management decision may be taken during construction and operation phases. It provides basis for evaluating the efficiency of mitigation and pollution control measures and suggest further actions that need to be taken to achieve the desired effect.
The monitoring includes:
(i) Visual observations; (ii) Selection of environmental parameters at specific locations; (iii) Sampling and regular testing of these parameters.
6.2 Objectives
The objectives of the environmental monitoring programmers are:
• Evaluation of the efficiency of mitigation and pollution control measures; • Updating of the action and impacts of baseline data; • Adoption of additional mitigation measures if the present measures are insufficient; • Generating the data, which may be incorporated in environmental management plan in future projects.
6.3 Methodology
Monitoring methodology covers the following key aspects:
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• Components to be monitored; • Parameters for monitoring of the above components; • Monitoring frequency; • Monitoring standards; • Responsibilities for monitoring; • Direct responsibility; • Overall responsibility • Monitoring costs. The proposed project of production of iron and steel. Environmental monitoring of the parameters involved and the threshold limits specified are discussed below.
6.4 Ambient air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring
Ambient air quality parameters recommended are Particulate 3 Matter (Size Less than 2.5µm) or PM10 µg/m , Particulate 3 Matter (Size Less than 2.5µm) or PM2.5 µg/m , Oxides of
Nitrogen (Nox) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). These are to be monitored at designated locations starting from the commencement of construction activity. Data should be generated at all identified locations in accordance to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Table 6.1) location, duration and the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are detailed out in the Environmental Monitoring Plan.
Table 6.1
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
SN Pollutan Time Concentration in Ambient Air o t Weighte Industrial, Ecological Methods of d Residentia Sensitive Measurement Average l Rural Area and Other (Notified
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Area by Central Govt.) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 Sulphur Annual* 50 20 - Improved Dioxide west and (SO2 ) 24 80 80 Gaeke µg/m3 Hours** - Ultraviolet fluorescence 2 Nitrogen Annual* 40 30 - Modified Dioxide Jacob & (NO2) 24 80 80 Hochheiser(N µg/m3 Hours** n-Arsenite) - Chemilumine scence 3 Particulat Annual* 60 60 - Gravimetic e Matter - TOEM 24 100 100 - Beta Hours** Attenuation 4 Particulat Annual* 40 40 - Gravimetic e Matter - TOEM (Size less 24 60 60 - Beta than 2.5 Hours** Attenuation µm)or PM2 .5 µg/m3 5 Ozone 8 100 100 - UV (O3) Hours** Photometric µg/m3 180 180 - Chemilmines 1 Hour** cence - Chemical Method 6 Lead (P b) Annual* 0.5 0.5 - AAS / ICP µg/m3 method after 24 1.0 1.0 sampling on Hours** EPM 2000 or eequivalent filter paper - ED-XRF using Teflon filter 7 Carbon 8 02 02 - Non Monoxide Hours** Dispersive (CO) 04 04 Infra Red mg/m3 1 Hour** (NDIR)
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- Spectroscopy 8 Ammonia Annual* 100 100 - Chemilmines (NH3 ) cence µg/m3 24 400 400 Hours** Indophenol blue method 9 05 05 - Gas Chromotogra phy based continuous analyzer - Absorption and Desorption followed by GC analysis 10 Benzo(o) Annual* 01 01 - Solvent Pyrene(B extraction aP)- followed by Particulat HPLC/GC e Phase analysis only, ng/ m3 11 Arsenic Annual* 06 06 - AAS/ICP (As), ng/ method after m3 sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper 12 Nickel Annual* 20 20 - AAS/ICP (Ni), ng/ method after m3 sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
Source Anon 1996-97, National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Series NAQMS/a/1997-97, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi.
*Average Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken for a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
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** 24 hourly / 8hourly values should meet 98 percent of the time in a year.
6.5 Water Quality Monitoring
The Physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis for water quality relevant are pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, oil and grease, COD, chloride, lead, zinc and cadmium. The location, duration, and the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are detailed in the environmental monitoring Plan. The monitoring of the water quality is to be carried out at all identified locations in accordance to the Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification – IS 10500:1991 (State in Table 6.2)
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Table 6.2
Indian Standard Drinking Water Specifications – IS: 10500:1991
Sl. Substance Requir Undesir Permi Method Remarks No or ement able ssible s of Characteris (Desir Effect Limit Test tics able Outside in the (Ref. Limit) the Absen To IS) Desirabl ce of e Limit Altern ate ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS 1 Colour, 5 Above 5, 25 3025 Extended to Hazen units, consume (Part 4) 25 only if Max r 1983 toxic acceptan substance ce are not decrease suspected, s in absence of alternate sources 2 Odour Unobje - - 3025 a) Test ctionab (Parts cold and le 5) when 1984 heated b) Test at several dilutions 3 Taste Agreea - - 3025 Test to be ble (Parts conducted 7&8) only after 1984 safety has been established 4 Turbidity 5 Above 5, 10 3025 - NTU, Max Consume (Parts r 10) acceptan 1984 ce decrease s 5 pH Value 6.5 to Beyond No 3025 - 8.5 this relaxat (Parts range, ion 11) 6-6 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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the 1984 water will affect the mucous membran e and / or water supply system 6 Total 300 Encrusta 600 3025 - hardness tion in (Parts (as C aCO3 ) water 21) mg/1, Max supply 1983 structure and adverse effects on domestic use 7 Iron (as Fe) 0.3 Beyond 1 32 of - mg/1, Max this limit 3025: taste/ap 1964 perance are affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and water supply6 structure s, and promotes iron bacteria 8 Chlorides 250 Beyond 1000 3025 - (as CI) this (Part mg/1, Max limit, 32) taste, 1988 corrosion and 6-7 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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palatabili ty are affected 9 Residual 0.2 - - 3025 To be free (Part applicable chlorine, 26) only when mg/1, Min 1986 water is chlorinated. Tested at consumer end. When protection against viral infection is required, it should be Min 0.5 mg/1 DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS 1 Dissolved 500 Beyond 2000 3025 - solids mg/1, this (Part Max palatabili 16) ty 1984 decrease s and may cause gastro intestinal irritation 2 Calcium (as 75 Encrusta 200 3025 - Ca) mg/1, tion in (Part Max water 40) supply 1991 structure and adverse effects on domestic use 3 Magnesium 30 Encrusta 100 16,33,3 - (as Mg), tion to 4 of IS mg/1, Max water 3025:19 supply 64 structure 6-8 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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and adverse effects on domestic use 4 Copper (as 0.05 Astringe 1.5 36 of - Cu), mg/1, nt taste, 3025:19 Max discolora 64 tion and corrosion of pipes, fitting and utensils will be caused beyond this 5 Manganese 0.1 Beyond 0.3 35 of - (as Mn), this limit 3025:19 mg/1, Max taste/ap 64 pearance are affected, has adverse effects on domestic uses and water supply structure s 6 Sulphate (as 200 Beyond 400 3025 May be 200 SO4), this (Part extended up mg/1, Max causes 24) to 400 gastro 1996 provided intestinal (asMg) does irritation not exceed when 30 magnesi um or sodium are 6-9 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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present 7 Nitrate (as 45 Beyond 100 3025 - NO2 ), this, may (Part mg/1, Max cause 34) methaem 1998 oglobine mia 8 F;iprode (as 1 Fluoride 1.5 3025 - F), mg/1, may be (Part Max kept as 23) low as 1964 possible. High fluoride may cause fluorosis 9 Phenolic 0.001 Beyond 0.002 3025 - compounds this, it (Part (As C 6H5OH) may 54) mg/1, Max cause 1964 objection able taste and odour 10 Mercury (as 0.001 Beyond No (See To be tested Hg), mg/1, this, the relaxat Note) when Max water ion Mercury pollution is become ion suspected toxic analyser 11 Cadmium 0.01 Beyond No (See To be tested (as Cd), this, the relaxat Note) when mg/1, Max water ion pollution is become suspected toxic 12 Selenium 0.01 Beyond No 3025 To be tested (as Se), this, the relaxat (Part when mg/1, Max water ion 28) pollution is become 1964 suspected toxic 13 Arsenic (as 0.05 Beyond No 3025 To be tested As), mg/1, this, the relaxat (Part when Max water ion 37) pollution is become 1988 suspected toxic
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14 Cyanide (as 0.05 Beyond No 3025 To be tested CN), mg/1, this relaxat (Part when Max limit, the ion 27) pollution is water 1986 suspected become toxic 15 Lead (as 0.05 Beyond No (See To be tested Pb), mg/1, this relaxat Note) when Max limit, the ion pollution is water suspected become toxic 16 Zinc (as 5 Beyond 15 39 of To be tested Zn), mg/1, this 3025:19 when Max limit, it 64 pollution is can suspected cause astringen t taste and an opalesce nce in water 17 Anionic 0.2 Beyond 1 Methyle To be tested detergents this ne-blue when (as MBAS), limit, it extracti pollution is mg/1, Max can on suspected cause method light froth in water 18 Chromium 0.05 May be No 38 of To be tested (as Cr6+ ), carcinog relaxat 3025; when mg/1, Max enic ion 1964 pollution is above suspected this limit 19 Poly nuclear - May be - - - aromatic carcinog hydrocarbon enic s (as PAH) above mg/1, max this limit 20 Mineral oil 0.01 Beyond 0.03 Gas - mg/1, max this limit Chromat un- ographic desirable method taste and 6-11 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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odour after chlorinati on take place 21 Pesticides Absent Toxic 0.01 - - mg/1, max 22 Radioactive 58 of - materials: 3025:19 64 23 Alpha - - 0.1 - - emitters Bq/1, Max 24 Beta - - 1 - - emitters pci/1, Naxmg/1, max 25 Aluminium 200 Beyond 600 13 of - (as A1), this limit 3025:19 mg/1, Max taste 64 become unpleasa nt 26 Aluminium 0.03 Cumulati 0.2 31 of - (as A1), ve effect 3025:19 mg/1, Max is 64 reported to cause dementia 27 Boron, 1 - 5 29 of - mg/1, Max 3025:19 64 Source : Indian Standard Drinking Water specification- I10500:1991
6.6 Noise Level Monitoring
The measurement for Monitoring noise levels would be carried out at all designated locations in accordance to the Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB?) in 1989 (refer Table 6.3) Sound pressure levels would be monitored on twenty-four hour basis. Noise should be
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Table 6.3
Noise Standards
Type Noise level for Noise level for Day Time Leq Night Time Leq dB(A) dB(A) Industrial area 75 70 Commercial area 65 55 Residential area 55 45 Silence zone 50 40 Day time - 6.00 am – 10.00 pm (15 hours) Night time – 10.00pm – 6.00 am (9 hours)
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6.7 Environmental Monitoring plan
The monitoring plan along with the environmental parameters and the time frame is presented in the Table 6.4
Table 6.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan Institutional Duration Important responsibility S. Monitoring In house Particulars Standards Of monitoring in Radha No Frequency /Out source Sampling parameters Smelters Limited Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
1 3 locations Once in a Quarter Air (Prevention 24hrs PM10, PM2.5, SO2, General Through a
and control of NOX at 3 locations Manager third party Pollution) and all specified laboratory Rules, CPCB, parameters of accredited to 1994 National Ambient MOEF/NABL air quality standards once in a year at one location
2 3 locations Once in 3 months 24 Hours PM10, PM2.5, SO2, General Through a
in nearby NOX Manager third party villages laboratory accredited to MOEF/NABL 6-14 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.
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3 Work Place Once in 3 Factory Act & 8 hr RSPM & CO General Through a Monitoring months Rules Manager third party laboratory accredited to MOEF/NABL Stack Emissions Monitoring 4 Stacks Once in a Air (Prevention Grab samples Particulate matter , General Through a Connected to 3 months and control of SO2, &Nox as per the Manager third party Induction Pollution) Rules, recommended laboratory furnaces ( 3 CPCB, 1994 methods of CPCB accredited to Nos) MOEF/NABL 5 Stacks attached Once in 6 Air (Prevention Grab sample PM, SO2 & NOX General Through a DG Sets ( 4 months and control of Manager third party Nos) Pollution) Rules, laboratory CPCB, 1994 accredited to MOEF/NABL 6 Stacks attached As When Air (Prevention Grab sample PM & NOX General Through a to Re-heating Operated ( and control of Manager third party furnace ( One Once in a Pollution) Rules, laboratory No) year) CPCB, 1994 accredited to MOEF/NABL Water Quality Monitoring 7 Ground water 3 Pre and Surface water Grab As per state PCB General Through a
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locations and post standards as per specified norms Manager third party surface water 3 monsoon IS 2296:1982 laboratory locations Ground water as accredited to per the IS 10500 MOEF/NABL standards 8 Treated effluent Once in a As per the PCB Grab pH, TDS,SS, BOD, General In house (STP water) 3 months specified COD and Oil & Grease Manager laboratory standards chlorides/As per state PCB specified norms
Noise Quality Monitoring 9 Noise Levels at Once in a Noise standards Equivalent Equivalent Noise General Through a 3 Locations with 3 months notified by MOEF noise levels levels in dB(A) Manager third party in plant site and laboratory 2 locations accredited to outside the MOEF/NABL plant site Noise level in Once in Noise standards Equivalent Equivalent Noise General Through a work place ( every notified by MOEF noise levels levels in dB(A) Manager third party Rolling Mill and month laboratory 3 furnace areas) accredited to MOEF/NABL Soil 9 Soil – 3 Once in a Threshold for At productive pH, EC, Ca, General Through a
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locations ( one year each contaminant agricultural Mg,Potasium, Sodium Manager third party in plant location set by IRIS lands in the Chlorides,Nitrates, laboratory where Slag is database of project impact SulphatesCation accredited to stored and USEPA until area to be Exchange capacity MOEF/NABL other 2 in national identified by nearby standards are the proponent agricultural promulgated lands)
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6.8 Responsibility of Monitoring and Reporting System
The overall responsibility of monitoring the above parameters shall be lie with the Top management of M/s.Radha Smelters Limited. The environment division shall be responsible for day to day monitoring of effluent, raw water and treated water quality. The Ambient air quality, Stack emissions, soil, noise and water quality shall be monitored by either third party or by the Environment Management Division of MS Radha Smelters Limited.
Records shall be maintained for the analysis of raw effluents and treated effluents, ambient air quality data, stack emissions monitoring results, and noise levels. These records are not only required for the perusal of the Pollution Control Board authorities but also to derive at the efficiencies of the pollution control equipment as he objective of the project proponent is not only compliance with statutory regulations, but also a serious commitment towards clean environment.
Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works and that the management plan in implementation. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in the project.
6.9 Environmental Monitoring Budget
The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures in the EMP is detailed in Table 6.5 There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for
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which have been accounted for in the Engineering Costs. Moreover, since environmental enhancements have not been finalized at this stage, the table projects the typical costs unit wise.
Table 6.5
Estimated Environmental Monitoring Budget Total Unit Cost Cost/Yea Component Item Frequency (INR) r (INR) Air Stack monitoring Once in 3 2500 30,000 ( 3 Furnace stacks) months Stack Monitoring Once in 6 2500 20,000 ( 4 DG Sets ) months AIR Ambient Air Quality at Once in a 3 4000 48,000 locations specified in the months monitoring plan In side premises ( 3 Locations) Ambient air quality at Quarterly 4000 48,000 locations in nearby villages ( 3 locations) Air Work place monitoring ( Quarterly 2000 24,000 3 locations) WATER 3 Surface water and 3 Pre- Monsoon 3000 36,000 QUALITY ground water samples & Post Monsoon Wastewater (Treated Quarterly 2000 16,000 and Untreated effluent) ( In house)
NOISE At Rolling Mill & Once in a 500 24000 Induction furnace area ( month 4 locations) At locations specified in Quarterly 1000 20,000 the monitoring plan ( 3 in house and 2 out side) SOIL At locations specified in Yearly 2000 6,000 the monitoring plan:1
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near slag storage and two in adjacent Farmer lands Total 2,72,000
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CHAPTER 7 Occupational health, Risk assessment & Disaster Management plan
7.1 Risk Assessment
7.1.1 Hazards Relating to Foundries:
Working with molten metal is always a safety hazard. Many accidents occurred worldwide in foundry industries. Primarily safety hazards relating to induction furnace and rolling can be classified into 3 categories
Thermal hazards
Electrical hazards
Physical hazards
Use of proper personal equipment, fire protection systems and continuous training of people working in the shop floor are the only measures helps industries to avoid accidents
7.1.2 Induction Furnace:
Induction furnace produces heat using electricity. In that way induction furnace is cleaner method of melting the charge. AC current flows through coils made up of hollow copper tubes. The flowing current in induction coils creates magnetic field and creates electrical current in the metal charge thus by creating heat. This will help the metal to melt. The temperature in the furnace reaches up to 1500oC to 1800oC. Refractory lining is provided to crucible.
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Typical hazards relating to the induction furnace are
Introduction wet or damp metal into the charge which can cause explosion
Lack of operator skill during sampling and addition of flux materials can cause splashes
Dropping of large pieces of metal into melting furnace causing splashes
Coming into contract with electrical conductors, overriding safety interlock switches causing shocks
Failure of cooling water circulation system can cause over heating of magnetic coils and cause short circuits
Metal charge is loaded into furnace using overhead crane by magnets. During this process, possibility of charge comes down is there which can cause physical injuries
During the tilting of furnace for unloading of metals, splashes will come out and can injure people
Failure of refractory for furnace can serious spill of metal in shop floor can cause serious injuries to people
7.1.3 Rolling Mills Rolling mill constitute re-heating furnace and rolling mill. Here also hot metal is handled while rolling. Typical hazards associated with these hazards are
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Serious burn injuries to people who are loading hot billets to roll stands In any rolling mill, there is a risk of trapping between the rolls. Severe injuries may be caused by shearing, cropping, trimming and guillotine machines, unless the dangerous parts are securely guarded. Injuries may occur, especially in hot-rolling, if workers attempt to cross roller conveyors at unauthorized points. The use of large quantities of oils, rust inhibitors and so on, which are generally applied by spraying, is one of the hazards commonly encountered in sheet-rolling mills. Even in automated works, accidents occur in conversion work while changing heavy rollers in the stands. In hot-rolling, burns, eye injuries or other injuries may be caused by flying mill scale and dust particles or by whipping of cable slings. Eyes may also be affected by glare. Cuts may occur when workers contact the edge of thin steel sheets or strip. Cobbles occur when material catches in a roll and escapes into the work area with the potential for severe injury to workers.
7.1.4 Consequential fires outside the premises As can be seen from the above, most of the hazards relating to Induction furnace and rolling mills are related to occupational hazards. The only hazard that can cause problem surrounding public is consequential fires during fire accidents
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7.2 Risk Mitigation measures Following risk Mitigation measures suggested to overcome the risks identified
Periodical inspection of mechanical equipment Tap holes should be checked regularly for damage and build-up of Corundum, to prevent molten metal splashes. A competent person should regularly inspect ladle buckets and their supporting, locking and tipping mechanisms. Before each filling, the pouring of, or transport of slag ladles and their related appliances should be visually inspected. Test results, including remedies for cracks and other defects, should be recorded. Corrective repair measures that are recommended should be planned and implemented on a timely basis. There should be a system for checking and ensuring that the corrective measures have been completed. Use of Personal protective equipment shall be mandatory for work force Periodic mock drill shall be conducted Work force shall be continuously training on operations
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7.3 Fire Protection System The fire protection system proposed is capable of achieving a non – combustible atmosphere in less than one minute, which meets the requirements of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
7.3.1 Current system in place M/S Radha Smelters provided fire extinguishers at all possible fire prone areas of induction furnace and rolling mill areas. CO2 type fire extinguishers are placed at circuit room of induction furnace as electrical fire hazards are possible. In order to further enhance the fire fightinig system, the following measures are proposed
7.3.2 Fire Hoses and Tool Cabinet It is suggested to provide water line nearer to induction furnace and rolling mill areas. The piping shall be connected to overhead water tank. It is suggested to maintain Diesel operated pump as stand by to pump water in case of power failure. One fire hose each shall be made available in each furnace area and rolling mill areas
7.4 House Keeping Good housekeeping practices shall be adopted. Proper garbage bins shall be provided at different areas of the plant. All roads shall be seeped and dirt shall be removed. Water sprinking
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system shall be established. Storm water drains shall be properly maintained and dirt traps shall be established
7.5 Occupational Safety and Health The secondary steel making involves handling and processing of sponge iron, metal scrap and Ferro alloy like silica and manganese. The steel making and processing may generate fumes and dust, which will pose hazards in the work room to the employees. The occupational safety and health plan shall follow the guidelines based on Factories Act 1948 and shall be finalizes in consultation with the local factories inspectorate.
The occupational safety and health plan is prepared to identify the hazards due to the operations and process, with the mitigation measures. The mitigation measures are mainly engineering controls, work room conditions, personal protective equipment and training and education. The occupational hazards and mitigation plan is presented in Table 7.1 The list of personal protective equipment is presented in Table 7.2.
Table 7.1 Occupational hazards and mitigation plan Physical Hazards Hazard Impact Mitigation A Physical Severe burn a.Engineering Injuries due to injuries Controls; hot metal • Splash curtains in handling induction furnace area
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• Proper design of rolling channels in rolling mill area b. Use of PPE shall be made mandatory for people. B.Heat Stress Heat edema, Heat a.Engineering Rashes, Heat Controls; Cramps, Heat • Isolation Exhaustion, Heat • Remote operation Stroke and • Ventilation Hyperpyrexia b. Acclimatization c.Training and Information d. Intake of salts of K & Na, Liquids e. Goggles, Helmets, Heat resistant suits, Shoes shall be mandatory in induction furnace and re-rolling mill area C Electrical Shock, Serious or I. Engineering controls equipment fatal injury • Isolation of handling systems • Tag Out • Appropriate tool
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selection • Remote Operation • Interlock systems II. Safety protocols III. PPE D.Working at Serious fatal I. Engineering Controls rolling mill injury • Guards • Interlocking Systems • Isolation • Maintenance Protocols • Appropriate Tool Selection II. Training and Education III. PPE E. Cranes at Serious or Fatal I. Engineering Controls Hoists injury • Remote Operation s • Protocols • ‘Operation cabin isolation • Two holding breaks on hoist mechanism • Protocol based operation II. Obstruction
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Clearance III. Training and Education E Falling Objects Serious of Fatal I. Engineering Controls Injury • Slip resistance Flooring • Provisions of Platforms & Walk ways • Open mesh platforms & Walkways II. protocol Based Operations III. House keeping
Table 7.2 List of Personal Protective Equipment • Industrial Safety Helmet • Molten metal resistant jackets and trousers • Zero power Plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends • Face shields or vented goggles • Welders equipment for eyes & face protection • Cylindrical type earplug • Ear Muffs • Dust Masks • Safety Belt/lime man’s safety belt • face shields or vented goggles
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• Molten metal resistant gloves • Safety footwear insulated against heat • Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm • Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves • Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots
7.5.1 Health Surveillance Plan The health surveillance plan consists of medical checkup on recruitment to ascertain the health status of the employees. The data to be obtained includes;
Baseline health data such as height, weight and Vital statistics, A detailed history of previous diseases and occupational exposures. The focus will be on previous lung problems and precious exposure to lung toxins such as silica, asbestos, irritant gases etc., A history of personal hobbies or activities that might involve exposures to potential toxicants, particularly those that might affect target organs of concern of metal species, Past history of any allergies, including asthma. Identification of personal habits (smoking, hygiene, alcohol consumption, fingernail biting) that may be relevant to work. Histories will e sufficiently detailed, complete physical examination with special attention to respiratory, the appropriate respiratory equipment (if any) that may be worn. X-ray, Blood tests and urine tests.
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The employees shall have annual Medical Checkup with special attention to respiratory (X-ray, Spirometry), dermal, audiometry. The health records shall be maintained by Rahda Smelters Limited, Personnel Department
7.5.2 First Aid center
A first aid center is in place in Radha Smelters Limited. In house trained first aiders maintain the first aid center. Adequate medicines are made available in the first aid center. It is suggested to provide stretcher, Oxygen breating equipment in first aid center
24x7 an emergency vehicle is made available at site to shift people in case of any accident. Local ambulance services are also available in the area under Arogyasree program
7.5.3 Tie up with Local Hospitals: Government Hospitals and Private nursing homes are available in Chinna Sankarampet, Chegunta and Medak Town. It is suggested to have tie up with the local hospitals for treating any emergency accident case of workers with the hospitals
7.6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
This Disaster Management Plan ( DMP) has been designed based on the range, scales and effects of "Major Generic Hazards" described in the Risk Assessment Report just mentioned and on their typical behaviors predicted therein. The DMP addresses the range of thermal and mechanical impacts of
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these major hazards so that potential harm to people onsite and off-site, plant and environment can be reduced to a practicable minimum. The scenarios of loss of containment are credible worst cases to which this DMP is linked.
The project is in its formative stage and detail engineering is yet to be done, so the elements of the DMP are based on concepts.
7.7 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The emergency plan envisaged will be designed to intercept full range of hazards specific to steel melt shops and re-rolling mill. In particular, the DMP will be designed and conducted to mitigate those losses of containment situations, which have potentials to escalate into major perils.
Emergency medical aids to those who might be affected by incident heat radiation flux, shock wave overpressures and toxic exposure will be inherent in the basic capabilities. The most important capability of this DMP will be the required speed of response to intercept a developing emergency in good time so that disasters such as explosion, major fire etc. are never allowed to happen.
7.7.1 Disaster Control Philosophy
The emergency control philosophy of the plant is in line with its normal operational controls. The emergency control room will be the plant's Central Control Room, which will employ Distributed Control System (DCS). All emergency operations, which may involve shutdown of the plant, will be controlled from the Central Control Room by the same operator(s) using
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The principal strategy of DMP of the plant is "Prevention" of identified major hazards. The "Identification" of the hazards will employ one or more of the techniques [e.g. Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), accident consequence analysis etc.]. Since these hazards can occur only in the event of loss of containment one of the key objectives of technology selection, project engineering, construction, commissioning and operation is "Total and Consistent Quality Assurance". The Project Authority will be committed to this strategy right from the conceptual stage of the plant so that the objective of prevention can have ample opportunities to mature and be realised in practice
The DMP or Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) will consist of:
A. On-site Emergency Plan
B. Off-site Emergency Plan
Disaster Management Plan preparation under the headlines of On-site Emergency Plan and Off-site Emergency Plan is in consonance with the guidelines laid by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF), Govt of India."Occupier" of the facility is responsible for the development of the On- site Emergency Plan as per the guidelines given by the Government,. The Off-site Emergency Plan should be developed by the Government (District Authorities).
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7.7.2 On-Site Emergency Plan The objective of the On-site Emergency Plan should be to make maximum use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside service to o Effect the rescue and treatment of casualties o Safeguard other personnel in the premises o Minimise damage to property and environment o Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control o Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected people o Provide authoritative information to the news media o Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and circumstances of emergency
7.7.3 Action Plan The Action Plan consists of: o Identification of Key Personnel o Defining responsibilities of Key Personnel o Designating Emergency Control Centres and Assembly Points o Declaration of Emergency o Sending All Clear Signal o Defining action’s to be taken by non-key personnel during emergency
7.7.3.1 Key Personnel
The actions necessary in an emergency will clearly depend upon the surrounding circumstances. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the required actions are initiated and directed by nominated people, each having specified
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The Key Personnel are: o Site Controller (SC) o Incidental Controller (IC) o Liaison and Communication Officer (LCO) o Fire and Security Officer (FSO) o Trained personnel in fire and other emergency o Rescue and first aiders
Site Controller (SC) In the emergency situation, decisions have to be taken which may affect the whole or a substantial part of the plant and even places outside. Many of these decisions will be taken in collaboration with the other officers at the plant and the staff. It is essential that the authority to make decision be invested in one individual. In this plan, he is referred to as the 'Site Controller'. The Plant Manager or his nominated deputy will assume responsibility as SC
Incident Controller (IC) In the emergency situation, someone has to direct the operations in the plant area and co-ordinate the actions of outside emergency services at the scene of incident. The one who will shoulder this responsibility is known as 'Incident Controller' in this plan.
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In day shifts site controller will act as incident controller also. In case of night shift, Shift I/C will be incident controller
Liaison and Communication Officer (LCO) Personnel officer from Head office will be laison and communication officer in Radha Smelters. Any emergency communications will be handled by site controller himself
Fire and Safety officer (FSO) The Fire and Safety Officer will be responsible for fire fighting. On hearing the fire alarm he shall contact the fire station immediately and advise the security staff in the plant and cancel the alarm. He will declare emergency through siren by blowing it 3 times in succession and convey through telephones or messengers to the SC, IC and LCO about the incident zone & Top Management. He will open the gates nearest to the incident and stand by to direct the emergency services.
Trained Teams: Keeping in view of the size of M/S Radha Smelters it is suggested to train 10 people each for fire fighting & First aid. Each fire fighting team shall have one electrical technician to isolate the connections
7.7.3.2 Responsibilities of Key Personnel a) Site Controller (SC) o On getting information about emergency, proceed to Main Control Centre o Call in outside emergency services
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report o Take control of areas outside the plant, which are affected o Maintain continuous communication, review situation and assess possible course of events o Direct evacuation of nearby settlements, if necessary o Ensure that casualties are getting enough help o Arrange for additional medical help and inform relatives o Liaison with Fire and Police Services and Provide advice on possible o effects on outside areas o Arrange for chronological recording of the emergency o Where emergency is prolonged, arrange for relieving personnel, their catering needs etc. o Inform higher officials in head office o Ensure preservation of evidence o Direct rehabilitation work on termination of emergency b) Incident Controller (IC) On getting emergency information, proceed to Main Control Centre Activate emergency procedure such as calling in various teams Direct all operations within plant with following priorities: a) Control and contain emergency b) Secure safety of personnel c) Minimise damage to plant, property and the environment d) Minimise loss of material
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• To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention, arrange additional • help if required and inform relatives • To control traffic movements into the plant and ensure that alternative • transport is available when need arises • When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of personnel and • organize refreshments/catering facility • Advise the Site Controller of the situation, recommending (if necessary) • evacuation of staff from assembly points • take suitable staff to act as runners between the Incident Controller and himself if the telephone and other system of communication fail. • Maintain contact with congregation points • Maintain prior agreed inventory in the Control Room • Maintain a log of the incident on tape • In case of a prolonged emergency involving risk to outside areas contact local Police, revenue and fire emergency services d) Fire and Safety Officer Announce over the PAS in which zone the incident has occurred and on the advice of the Shift Officer informs the staff to evacuate the assembly Inform the Shift Officer In-charge, if there is any large escape of fumes. Call out in the following order:
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1) Incident Controller or his nominated deputy 2) Maintenance Officer 3) Personnel and Administrative Officer 4) Departmental Head in whose area the incident occurred 5) Team Leaders (TL)
Responsibilities of Teams
1 Fire Fighting Team They will rush to the incident spot and start fighting the fire, maintain adequate water pressure in the fire hydrant system, arrange first aid fire extinguishers where needed and guide and direct outside fire fighting agencies.
2. Security Team They will man all gates, with minimum delay permit the entry of authorized personnel and outside agencies, vehicles etc. who have come to help, bar entry of unauthorized persons, allow the ambulance etc. to go through the gates without normal checks.
3. First aid & Safety Team They will rescue the casualties on priority basis, transport casualties to first aid post, safe places, or medical centres, account the personnel, search for missing personnel and pass information to the kith and kin of fatal or serious casualties, arrange required safety equipment, report of status to their leader, record of accidents, collect and preserve evidences in connection with accident cases, arrange for transport of casualties, arrange for
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transport of materials, attend to vehicle breakdowns, arrange petrol and diesel supply and withdraw and transport materials from stores.
7.7.4 Emergency Control Centre The Emergency Control Centre will be the focal point in case of an emergency from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. • It will control site activities. • Emergency management measures in this case have been proposed to carry out from single control Centre designated as Main Control Centre (MCC) • MCC is the place from which messages to outside agencies will be sent other helps for the management of emergency will be arranged. • It will be located office of Plant Manager. Following facilities would be available in the MCC: • P&T phones, mobile phones, intercoms, and wireless • Fax and telex • Site map • Location of water sump, fire hoses and fire extinguishers available at site • Internal telephone directories • District telephone directories • Emergency lights • Requisite sets of personal protective equipment such as gloves, gumboots and aprons, self breathing equipment
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MCC will be furnished with call out list of key persons, fire, safety, first aid, medical, security, police and district administrative authorities.MCC will also contain safety data pertaining to all hazardous materials likely to cause emergency and well-defined procedures of fire fighting, rescue operations, first aid etc.
7.7.5 Assembly Point
In an emergency, it will certainly be necessary to evacuate personnel from affected areas and as precautionary measure, to further evacuate non- essential workers, in the first instance, from areas likely to be affected, should the emergency escalate. The evacuation will be effected on getting necessary message from I.e. On evacuation, employees would be directed to a predetermined safe place called Assembly Point.
Proposed Location: Area near FG stock yard shall be emergency point in Radha Smelters
7.7.6 Emergency Management Training
The Key Personnel would undergo special courses on disaster management. This may preferably be in-plant training. The Managers, Senior Officers and Staff would undergo a course on the use of personal protective equipment. The Key Personnel belonging to various Teams would undergo special courses as per their expected nature of work at the time of emergency.
The plant management should conduct special courses to outside agencies like district fire services to make them familiar with the plant layout and other aspects, which will be helpful to them during an emergency.
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7.7.7 Mock Drills
It is imperative that the procedures laid in this Plan are put to the test by conducting Mock Drills. To avoid any lethality, the emergency response time would be clocked below 2 minutes during the mock drill.
1st Step: Test the effectiveness of communication system
2nd Step: Test the speed of mobilization of the plant emergency teams
3rd Step: Test the effectiveness of search, rescue and treatment of casualties
4th Step: Test emergency isolation and shut down and remedial measures taken on the system
5th Step: Conduct a full rehearsal of all the actions to be taken during an emergency
It is suggested to make mock drill once in 6 months time in Radha Smelters Limited
7.7.8 Incident recording and revision of Disaster Management Plan
Every incident/accident in Radha Smelters shall be recorded by safety & environmental officer. Root cause analysis and corrective actions shall be taken by responsible I/C of area and shall be reviewed by top management in safety committee meeting once in two months time
The Disaster Management Plan would be periodically revised based on accident/incidents and experienced gained from the mock drills.
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7.8 Off site Emergency Plan :
As this is steel melting unit, the emergency situations will be limited to plant premises. As there is considerable distance between the habitation and the operation areas of the plant, there is no possibility of emergencies results out side. Hence no specific off-site emergency plan is not suggested. However as and when District authorities and fire & emergency services authorities ask any specific information, same shall be submitted by M/S Radha Smelters Limited
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report CHAPTER-8 PROJECT BENEFITS
This chapter describes about benefits of the project on improvements in the physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, employment potential and other tangible benefits.
8.1 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
Currently the total employees working in the plant are 100 people
The proposed expansion project is likely to provide employment to additional 200 people. The preference will be given to local population for employment in the semi-skilled and unskilled category; this will increase the employment opportunity in the surrounding area. The. Secondary jobs and indirect employment are also bound to be generated to provide day- to-day needs and services to the work force and industrial activity. This will also increase the demand for essential daily utilities in the local market. The employed people will be benefited financially. This financial gain will fulfill their monetary requirements, which in turn will increase their standard of living.
8.2 LIKELY INDIRECT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITES
The industry require higher quantities of raw materials and procure from various sources. This will enhance the employment opportunities at the source. Apart from this additional employment will be generated in the transport sector for increased material transportation
The industry generates nearly 14000 tons of slag per year after expansion. Slag is crushed in house and crushed material can be used for manufacture of bricks by mixing it with cement mortor. The management is ready to encourage local people to provide technology and resources to
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take this as down stream unit. This will increase employment opportunities
8.3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) & SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations, unit will employ semi-skilled and skilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed project as far as possible. Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by appointing local contractors during construction phase as well as during operation phase. After proposed project, unit will make provision of fund every year towards CSR activities in nearby villages. The various CSR activities identified and planned at present are described below;
Education and skill development Health camps Infrastructure development in nearby government schools Other social welfare activities
8.4 DIRECT REVENUE EARNING TO THE NATIONAL AND STATE EXCHEQUER
The proposed project will also contribute revenue to the Central & State exchequer in the form GST & Corporate taxes etc. Indirect contribution to the Central & State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area. Development
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with sustainable approach of the industries will help to maintain good environment
8.5 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS
The proposed project will have many employment & trade opportunities with the initiation of expansion activities. Thus, these considerable employment & trade opportunities will eventually result in appreciable economic benefits to the local people & businesses/contractors. At present the raw materials & finished goods are moved by truck which provides indirect employment to people engaged in this sector. With increase in capacity, unit’s contribution to growth of service sector shall increase.
Improvement in Physical Infrastructure This project will improve the overall physical infrastructure in this area Rain water harvesting will be done for groundwater recharging that will improve the ground water table in the area. Greening drive in the area will give a pleasant look and improve biodiversity.
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CHAPTER - 9 Environment Cost benefit Analysis
There is no specific aspect recommended in the TOR on this
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CHAPTER-10 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
This chapter outlines the Environmental Management Plan for the project, budget provisions, institutional arrangements for implementation and monitoring of the EMP
10.1 Introduction
Environmental Protection is an issue that no organization can neglect and hope to survive. The by- products of civilization are being dumped upon the environment to a degree that the environment finds difficult to assimilate. The key to success of the integrated approach to pollution prevention and control is the management and operation of the organization. Effective committed management delivers a successful industry. As total commitment to the environment, not just for compliance with legal or regulatory compliance will be the essence of environment management of an industry. Many companies have recognized the benefits of implementing an effective environmental management system.
Environmental management Plan can be effectively implemented to mitigate the pollution levels by observing the following;
Pollution will be prevented or reduced at the source, Pollution that cannot be prevented will be recycled in an environmentally safe manner, Pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled will be treated in environmentally safe manner, and
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Disposal and other releases into the environment will be used “only as a last resort” and will be conducted in an environmentally safe manner.
The management plan is drawn in consultation with the project proponents with reference to various potential monitored, identified and predicted in the previous chapters. And the necessary measures to be taken for the mitigation and control of the same presented, various pollution control measures adopted which are present and the proposed additional measures identified for adoption are discussed in this chapter.
Review of the process is the essential component of Environmental management Plan.
10.2 The Project Location
The proposed project is to be located over the existing premises at Sy. Nos. 327,328 and 338/A2, Chinnasankarampet (vil & Mandal), Medak district, Telangana state.
The project site is located between Lattitudes N 17059’22.0’’ N 17059’21.8’’ N 17059’22.5’’ N 17059’21.6’’ N 17059’14.7’’ N 17059’19.2’’ N 17059’17.3’’ N 17059’17.1’’ N 17059’17.4’’ N 17059’17.8’’ N 17059’17.7’’ N 17059’12.2’’ N 17059’11.8’’ N 17059’14.5’’ N 17059’14.6’’ and Longitudes E 78o24’55.6’’ E 78o24’56.7’’ E 78o24’57.0’’ E 78o25’02.6’’ E 78o25’01.0’’ E 78o24’55.5’’ E 78o24’55.0’’ E 78o24’53.2’’ E 78o24’50.1’’ E 78o24’49.9’’ E 78o24’48.5’’ E 78o24’47.2’’ E 78o24’50.6’’ E 78o24’52.4’’ E 78o24’53.0’’.
The total site area is 18.22 Acres
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10.3 Site Sensitivity:
The nearest human settlement from the site is Chinnasankarampet village located at a distance of 0.5 km in South West direction Total number of villages in 10 KM radius of the site is 62 and the total population in 10 KM radius is 99,019 Nearest town is Chegunata is at a distance of 4.9 KM with a population of around 5,740 ZP High school is in Chinnasakaram Pet which is about 1 KM away from the site One primary health ceter in Chinnasankarampet Polamalli Reserve forest is at a distance of 3.36 km in South East direction. Total there are 9 reserve forests within 10 KM radius of the site The major road access to the site is NH-44 which is at a distance of 7.0 KM on the East. Chegunta to Medak Road is which is now in expansion as 4 lane road connects the site to National Highway The nearest railway station is Wadiaram Railway station at a distance of 6.0 km from the site in the East direction There are no sanctuaries, ecologically sensitive areas or national parks with in 10km radius of the site.
The site is surrounded by Road in the North, RMS in the East, open land in south and Road and vacant land in west direction.
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10.4 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EIA
An EIA was conducted as per the broader guidelines of TOR issued to the project and the major findings of the EIA study& Impacts of the project on environment due to the expansion activity are presented below
10.4.1 Impact on Physical Resources
Construction of proposed project requires few natural resources like sand, sub grade and aggregate, and materials produced from natural resources like bricks, cement and steel. The material shall be drawn from local sources, and the lead distances range from 1- 100 km. The impacts on physical resources of sand will be irreversible while bricks will be brought from kilns. The material requirement of steel, cement etc. will be purchased from manufacturers with in state. Hence, no major impacts on physical resources as regards the availability and procurement of construction material are anticipated due to the project.
10.4.2 Impacts on Air Quality
Impacts on air quality during construction stage are likely to be due to operation of construction yards, material transport on trucks and fugitive emissions from the construction site. During operational stage the following air emission sources are identified
Air emissions from 3 induction furnaces Air emissions from DG sets Air emissions from producer gas unit ( stand by unit) Fugitive emissions from slag crusher Fugitive emissions from storage and handling of slag waste
Emissions are quantified and given in chapter 2 and Chapter 4. Modelling results are presented in chapter 4 which indicates slight increase in PM
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10, PM 2.5, SO2 and NOx. Bag filters are proposed for controlling dust emissions from induction furance. Adequate stack height is proposed as per CPCB norms for both induction furance and DG sets for safe dispersion of emissions. The re-heating furnace is kept as stand by and will be used only in case of failure of continuous casting machine. Producer gas unit is provided with scrubbing system to control dust emissions
10.4.2.1 Measures for fugitive emission control
The slag crusher currently do not have any emission control system. Hence it is recommended to provide bag filter with suction points at material transfer points of conveyor.
Proper storage of crushed slag is recommended under shead with water sprinklers
To avoid the dust from roads, it is suggested to provide water sprinklers for wetting of roads
10.4.3 Impact on water resources:
The main source of water is ground water through bore wells. Thus out of 441.5KLD of total water requirement, 249.5 KLD will be fresh water and 192 KLD will be recycled water after cooling.
As the project is based on ground water resources in the absence of any surface water resources nearby, it is suggested to re-charge ground water through re-charge pits
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10.4.3.1 POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURE:
It is proposed to treat and re-use the cooling water from furnace & mill sections completely
It is suggested to treat the domestic sewage also in STP and re-use for gardening purpose
10.4.3.2 WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES:
Project site is in semiarid region and receives about 910 mm rainfall. Water is scarce and is required to adopt all possible methods to conserve the resource. All the possible methods of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse of water shall have to be implemented along with the minimization of waste generation in the process.
In order to reduce consumption of fresh water the following options will have to be adopted at every stage.
(1) Leakages from taps and pipe joints will have to be avoided. (2) Care should be taken to avoid accidental breakages and spillages. (3) Cooling towers shall be maintained to avoid any leakages (4) Cooling water make up shall be measured to detect any line leakages
10.5. RAIN WATER HARVESTING PLANS
Fresh Water is elixir of life. It is not only required for life’s survival and sustenance, but also its availability plays a vital role in the prosperity and in all the processes of modern day development. Availability of fresh water sources is very much limited. Fresh water, once in abundance is gradually becoming scarce. Population growth, increased demand has necessitated to conserve fresh water resources and also to protect the environment. It is an
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enlightened self-interest of an individual to save the money and resources spent for getting equivalent amount of fresh water from elsewhere.
With a little effort, naturally falling precipitated rain water can be collected and stored for its use in subsequent periods. Every environmentally conscious citizen should realise the importance of rain water harvesting. It is an enlightened self-interest of an individual to save the money and resources spent for getting equivalent amount of fresh water from elsewhere.
Roof top Rain Water Harvesting methods should be followed to collect rainwater from all the buildings. The harvested water should be stored in the tanks placed above the surface.
10.5.1 Rain Water Harvesting is the process of capturing and storing rain water for its efficient utilization and conservation. It is an effective tool to utilize a large quantity of fresh water which otherwise goes as runoff. Rain water harvesting has two components: collection of rain water for surface storage and recharge to ground water aquifers. To collect water from the RCC rooftop drainpipes are required (Figure 10.1). These drainpipes are proposed to connect to the main rainwater collection pipes, provided with collection chambers. The advantages of this method include
• Rises ground water levels • Improves availability of water in wells during lean period. • Improves quality of existing ground water through dilution • Saves Energy in lifting of ground water
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Figure 10.1 Diagrammatic View of Rainfall Harvesting and Artificial Recharge Structure
10.5.2 Rainwater Harvesting Calculations for the Radha Smelters Ltd., Chinna Shankarampet Village:
Open areas available at site : 10.9 acres (approx.). Apart from this another 6.91 acres of build up area is there
To convert from acres to hectares multiply ‘acres figure’ by 0.40468564224.
Roof top area: 85% of Built up area = 5.87 acres = 2.371 hectares = (2.371 x 10000) = 23710 m2 (sq.m)
Using formula, Rainfall harvest = ( RA * AF * 0.7 ) litres
Where, RA : Roof Area, sq. m (m2)
AF: Amount of Rainfall, mm (District Annual average rainfall is 910 mm)
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0.9: runoff coefficient factor (amount of total rainwater expected for harvesting).
Rainfall harvest: (RA * AF * 0.7) = (23710 m2 * 910 mm * 0.7) litres = 15,103.27 m3 (cubic metres or kilo-litres)
Water harvest potential from Open Areas:
As there is nearly 10.9 acres of open land available, harvesting can be done from this area also. However
The run off coefficient shall be taken as 0.3
Thus the potential from open areas is
10.9 x 0.404 x 10000 x910x0.3 = 12,021.828 M3
Recharging of aquifers facilitate percolation of rain water in to the ground instead of draining away from the surface as runoff. Rainfall harvesting methods generally make use of replenishing groundwater bodies through unused borewells, dug wells, recharge pits, recharge trenches, soak ways or recharge shafts, and percolation tans/ponds.
There is already one rainwater harvesting structure in use in the plant area. This is actually a recharge well covered with the layers of gravel, charcoal, and sand up to the surface level. This is located about 30 m western side of the rolling mill plant of the Smelter Plant. This rain water harvesting structure (N Latitude 17059’ 16.7” and E Longitude 78024’ 54.4”) with dimensions of 5 x 15 m was reported to be dug down to a depth of about 10 m, and later on filled and layered with granites boulders, stones, sand, charcoal, and sand.
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10.5.3 Proposed Rain water harvesting structures
In the project area it is further proposed to construct two types of rainwater harvesting structures, viz. one (1) more recharge well and four (4) recharge pits (Inkudu Gunthalu in Telugu). Both these structures are similar in usage but for the variation in size and flow potential. The cost of these structures depends on the size and the cost of the filling materials (stones, sand, etc) used.
Figure 10.2 Recharge Well (diagrammatic)
Recharge wells are normally excavated dug wells, which are sufficiently deep to penetrate the low permeability layers overlying the unconfined aquifers. The excavation should reach porous soil / weathered / fracture rock, which is usually from 4 to 10 m bgl. The diameter of the well can vary between 2 to 4 meters, as the recharging capacity of the well increase with its area of
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M/s Radha Smelters Limited Draft EIA Report cross section. As the study area possess moderate infiltration capacity seeping of water into the underlying aquifer is not a problem.
The dugout well has to be backfilled basically with three layers comprising gravels, pebbles or stones of different sizes. This filter column should be constructed keeping the sand layer at the top, followed by a layer of small and medium stones like pebbles and keeping the big stones should be at the bottom. A mesh below the sand layer is preferable, as it will prevent the sand to escape below. If cost permits an in well bore of 4 to 6 inches (102 or 152 mm) can be sunk to reach the aquifer layer. The top of the in well bore should be properly meshed at the top to check the fall of gravel and stones. Similarly the top sand layer of recharge wells require periodic cleaning or replacement to ensure proper recharge. A recharge well can be totally invisible when finished. As it is filled of stones, it doesn’t present any danger (contrary to an open well for example).
Figure 10.3 Popular Types of Rainwater Harvesting Structures (Inkudu Gunthalu, diagramatic)
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Recharge pit is actually a ‘Sand Gravel Filter’ (Inkudu Guntha in Telugu) constructed by brick masonry and filled by pebbles, gravel, charcoal, and sand as shown in the Figure 10.3. The layer of charcoal is used to absorb odour if any. The size of the pit should be with side dimensions of 5m x 3m and depth of about 2- 4m. The filter pack of recharge pits (Inkudu Gunthalu) may require periodic cleaning or replacement to ensure proper recharge.
Large quantities of fresh water accumulated through rains on the roof top areas of the complex can also be diverted through drain pipes in to the rain water harvesting structures. Treatment of silt, oil, and grease removal will be provided to rainwater harvesting recharge pit, the required quantity of the treated rainwater will be diverted into freshwater storage tank or into the recharge pit/well (Figures 10 and 11).
10.6 Impact on Soil:
The impacts on soil primarily comes from slag waste handling and Mill waste handling processes. It is suggested to provide a proper concrete plat form for draining out the Mill waste removed from settling tanks of mill cooling water sump. Also it is suggested to provide covered storage both for Mill waste and crushed slag waste until they are disposed off
10.7 Impact on Land use
The unit is having 18.22 acres of land. Current utilization of land is 4.82 acres. Another 2.50 acres of green belt is there. Thus total available open area is 10.9 acres. Out of this the expansion activity require 2.09 acres. It is proposed to add additional green belt of 3.6 acres is proposed as a part of expansion activities. Thus open area after expansion will be 4.80 acres.
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Thus there is no need for aquisition of additional land for project. As the plant area is under industrial use, there is no need for change of land use
There will not be any impact on land use of the area as a whole
10.8 Impacts on Noise Quality
Impacts on noise quality during construction stage will be significant. Hence the construction is proposed only during daytime. Construction workers will be provided with protection equipment to guard against the noise impacts
The impacts during occupation stage will be noise from DG sets and Rolling Mill activities . Acoustic enclosures are proposed to meet noise standards near DG sets. The impact of noise from Rolling mill will be limited to site boundaries as there is considerable distance between plant boundary and rolling mill. All the mill workers shall be provided Personnel protective equipment
Extensive green belt on the boundaries proposed will further reduce impact of noise on outside environment
10.9 Impact on Flora
The project site and its surroundings do not form a habitat to any endangered flora. The project will enhance the aesthetics of the site due to the provision additional green belt. Currently the unit is having a greenery of 2.5 Acres. As a part of expansion activity it is proposed to add additional green belt area 3.6 acres to the existing green belt. The total area of green belt after expansion would be 33 % of the total area. Further as a part of commitment towards eco development program, the management is planning plantation of around 500 trees in the nearby
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public areas as a part of “Telanganaku Haritaharam” project of the state Government. Thus overall impact on flora would be positive
10.10 Impact on Fauna
As there are no endangered species of wild life in and around the project site, it is likely to have minimal impact. The avifauna will find abode on the trees proposed to be planted. This would enhance the aesthetics of the area.
10.11 Impact on Road Network
The road infrastructure available at present can meet the demand. The development in combination with this project activity will have marginal impact. The site is well connected to NH 44 Nagpur Highway which is at about 7 KM from the site. The site is well connected to highway on one side and Medak Town on other side through Chegunta –Medak Road. This road is now getting converted to 4 lane road. It is anticipated that there will be an addition of 50 PCU units/day after expansion which is insignificant compared to carrying capacity of road
10.12 Impact on Power Distribution:
The additional requirement of power would increase the pressure on the electrical infrastructure and requires additional power generation in the overall context. However the current generation plan of Telangana Government, would make the state power surplus by 2018. The current power requirement is 14.95 MVA. After expansion the power requirement will be increased to 44 MVA. As adequate sub-station is available for the plant no additional power infrastructure required for this project and power will be continued to be sourced from TSCPDCL
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10.13 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSED
A description of the various management measures during the various stages of the project is provided in the table below
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Table 10.1 Environmental Impacts and mitigation measures
Environmental Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Issues/Impacts Measures
CONSTRUCTION PHASE Dust generation • Roads in the construction area • Plantation will be improved due to construction will be sprinkled with water to • Horticulturists to identify the activities reduce the raising of dust. species. • Stocking of construction materials • Supervising consultants/ would be minimized contractor to ensure the water • Plantation measures will be sprinkling improved
Exhaust gases from • Vehicle and equipment • Contractors to be educated and construction machinery maintenance. supervising consultant to and transportation • PUC for all transport ensure the same. of materials Vehicles. • Avoidance of idling of equipment.
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Sedimentation of • Avoiding stockpiles of materials • Storm water drains will be planned storm water during near natural drains. along with construction plan rainy season • Provision of filter fence • Proper traps will be planned to avoid • Provision of storm water drains sediments reaching storm water wherever possible before the drains beginning of construction.
Alteration of • Storm water drains to follow the • Architects in consultation with Drainage natural course as far as possible. sanitary engineering consultants. • Storm water drains to have a • Supervision consultant to ensure min. water velocity of 1m/s and the same. a max. 3 m/s. • Min. width of 0.6 meters and depth based on the gradient • Storm water inspection pits shall be provided to check water quality
Water Consumption • Water conservation measures • Sub contractors to be educated on during construction. water conservation measures.
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Pollution from • Provision of toilets connected to • No labor camps required at the site construction workers septic tank followed by soak pit. as local labour will be employed • Proper availability of drinking water. • Proper Sanitation practices.
Loss of productive soil • Top soil would be stock piled • Supervision consultant to ensure the separately to re-use for plantation same in consultation with purposes horticulturist and architect.
Soil Erosion • Cut and fill operation to be done • Supervision consultant to ensure the during non-monsoon season. same in consultation with project • Silt fence to ensure silt does not authorities. enter storm water drains. • Side slopes will be kept flatter wherever possible, and in case of steeper slopes it is mulched.
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Contamination of Soil • Vehicle washing and machinery • Subcontractors and Project washing to be avoided in site. authorities should ensure. • Parking of vehicles and • Designate the parking areas maintenance of vehicles to be • Provision of Garbage bin by project avoided in site. authorities and arrangements to be • Disposal of solid wastes by for disposal of the same. construction workers to be made in garbage bins only. Natural Resource • Identify sand availability from • The design team in consumption government-authorised consultation with project locations authorities and supervision • Use of robotic sand to maximum consultants must identify the extent possible. suppliers. • Identify and use bricks from coal ash users. Noise Pollution from • Noise causing activities to be • Inclusion of appropriate clauses in heavy machinery, and conducted during daytime. construction contracts; monitoring transportation. • Maintenance of equipment and of compliance during construction vehicles to mitigate noise and proper administration of generation. contracts. • Locating the construction equipments in consultation with project authorities and supervision consultants.
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Construction debris •Construction debris to be used for • Provision of waste disposal site for aggregate and or sub grade waste from construction and storage purpose in the case of RCC yard. •recyclable metals to be collected • Supervision consultant in consultation and sold to recyclers with the sub-contractors •avoidance of excess inventory of • Inclusion of appropriate clauses in materials. construction contracts; monitoring of compliance during construction and proper administration of contracts OCCUPATION STAGE Dust Generation from • Plantation. • Horticulturist should ensure avenue material transport • Maintenance of roads by way of plantation vehicles sweeping. • The Plant management should • Water sprinklers on roads ensure maintenance of avenue plantation.
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Emissions from • Establishment & Continuous Upgrading the existing scrubbing Induction furnaces operation of high efficiency Bag system of two furnaces to bag filters Filters • Provision of primary and secondary ducts for induction furnaces • Use of good grade scrap • Maintenance of bag filters • Availability of spare bags • Stack heights as per the CPCB Norms • Periodical monitoring of Emissions from • emissionsOperate scrubbing system To be maintained by the M/S Radha Producer gas unit continuously Smetlers Limited • Used as only stand by in case of any failure of Continuous casting machines • Periodical monitoring of emissions
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Emissions from Slag • Enclose the conveyor systems To be maintained by the M/S Radha Crusher thoroughly Smetlers Limited • Provide bag filter with suction points to extract dust generated at transfer points • Provide shed for storage of crushed slag • Provide water sprinklers in slag storage area
Emissions from DG • Enclose the DG sets with To be maintained by the M/S Radha sets acoustic enclosures Smetlers Limited • Provide enough stack height as per the CPCB norms • Maintain DG sets as per the manufacturers recommendation
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Waste Water • The cooling water from rolling • Proper up keep of primary Management mill and induction furnace shall treatment plant is responsibility of be pre-treated to remove oil & operational management of Radha grease and suspended solids and Smelter Limited recycled back • Domestic waste water shall be • Records of influent and treated in STP and re-used for treated effluent quality and quantity gardening should be maintained by the plant management as per the monitoring plan specified
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Storm water • Storm water will be disposed into • Storm water drain system and Management storm water out let approved by disposal point to be provided by M/S TSPCB Radha Smelters in consultation with • Storm water drains will be TSPCB maintained periodically before monsoon. • Accidental discharges spillages will not be allowed to join storm water drains. • Roads, pavements and other surfaces are swept regularly. • Storm water quality shall be monitored regularly and records shall be maintained
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Water Conservation • Water conservation measures to • Radha Smelters Limited Measures . be adopted to reduce resource shall conduct regular training classes on water conservation measures consumption
• Water consumption for various • Radha smelters Limited shall uses shall be measured and maintain the re-charge pits & records shall be maintained recharge well to garner rain water • Rain water conservation shall be done by re-charge pits. 1 Recharge well for roof water and 4 Rain water harvesting pits for other open areas
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Solid & Hazardous • Solid waste/garbage to be • Plant authorities and Environment Wastes collected in green and blue team shall be responsible for proper dustbins. handling, accounting storing & • The biodegradable wastes to be Disposal of solid waste and removed everyday while the maintenance of records recyclable wastes to be removed once a week. • Bio degradable waste shall be composted • Slag waste shall be used for land filling • Proper storage of crushed slag and mill waste shall be done • Waste oil generated from Rolling mill and DG sets shall be filtered and re-used for lubrication purpose • Tar waste generated from producer gas units ( If operated )
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Noise Levels • Noise levels due to traffic will • Plant authorities shall ensure increase in the area and the development and maintenance of mitigation measures like greenery maintaining greenery • PPE shall be provided to work force • Noise levels from DG sets to be working in the high noise areas mitigated by the provision of • Noise levels shall be measured as acoustic enclosures. per the monitoring plan • Noise from Rolling mill operations • Audimetry tests shall be carried out for those people exposed to high noise lelvels
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Traffic Control & Parking • Provision of parking facilities for • The plant management must trucks carrying raw materials and ensure proper parking of vehicles FG goods carrying raw materials in designated • Traffic and road safety signals to areas only be provided in the plant premises • Cleaning operations of trucks shall no be allowed in plant premises or nearby water bodies • Contractors shall be educate on this by Radha Smelters Limited
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Flora • The impacts on flora are due to • The Project authorities M/S Rahda Smelter Limited management to air pollution from furances, DG ensure greening the open space. sets and other fugitive dust shall be mitigated by developing greenery • The flora of the site shall increase with the greening program.
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Energy Conservation • The energy conservation • The Architect shall ensure the codes measures for operation of are implemented in the design various equipments and pumps drawings and working drawings. shall be ensured • Use of LED lights, Electronic Ballast, • Energy efficient lighting shall be and ON/OFF sensors, etc. ensured • All Pumps, Motors and mechanical • Use of solar street lighting is equipment shall be maintained suggested regularly
Fire Safety • Provision of fire safety measures • The plant management must as per the fire safety regulations. provide necessary emergency equipments outlined in chapter 7 • Regular mock drills shall be done by team
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Worker Safety • Personal protective equipment • Radha Smelters Limited shall provide training to all employees shall be provided to all employees regularly on safety working in furnace and rolling mill areas • EHS teams shall be made • Regular health check up shall be responsible on accident and incident done as per the norms and reporting system records shall be maintained • All safety equipments shall be • Display of Safety warnings in examined at regular intervals rolling mill and induction furnace area • Management actions shall be • Periodic breaks shall be given to initiated based on health check up people working in hot areas of records furnace and rolling mill • Periodic audit of electrical • The work force shall ensure wearing installations shall be carried out of safety gadgets always in the • Emergency vehicle shall be factory premises available at site 24x7
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10.14 Green belt Development Green belt is recommended as one of the major components of Environmental Management Plan. Proper attention and management is required to maintain the survival rate of the planted species. Currently scattered green belt is there in about 2.5 acres. It if proposed to add additional green belt of another 3.6 acres of green belt
Around 21 plants were suggested under the green belt plan and around 23.5 lakhs financial budget is proposed to develop the habitat over next 5 years period. As given in the table, species like Tectona grandis, Acacia auriculiformis, Pongamia pinnata, Azadirachta indica, can be raised in large number towards all the directions. Species like Leucaena Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Ficus glomerata, Phyllanthus emblica, Pterocarpus santalinus, Anona squamosa, Collistemon linearis, Bauhinia recemosa can be raised in buffer areas. Small herbs, ornamental species and common flowering plants as per the availability can also be raised near the paths and corridors of the existing plants
Buildings and other construction activity zones near the Port ( A model plan for each 1000 sq m or 0.1 ha area)
S No Botanical Name Common Habit Preferred Each No Tota Name site of Area l planting sq area mt sq mt 1 Caryota urens Fish tail Tree Boundary 1 10 10 palm wall 2 Roystonea regia Royal Tree Boundary 1 10 10
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palm wall 3 Polyalthia Indian Tree Boundary 2 10 20 longifolia mast tree wall 4 Nerium indicum Ganneru Tree Boundary 3 15 45 wall 5 Bauhinia recemosa Are Tree Boundary 3 15 45 wall 6 Acalypha hispida Shrub Next row to 1 10 10 Hedges 7 Tecoma stans Patcha Tree Boundary 2 10 20 turai wall 8 Thevetia neriifolia Pacha Tree Boundary 3 15 45 ganneru wall 9 Plumaria pudica Tree Garden 1 16 16 Centre 10 Plumeria alba Deva Tree Garden 3 5 15 ganneru centre 11 Melaleuca citrina Crimson Shrub Garden 3 5 15 bottle centre brush 12 Tabernaemontana Nandivar Shrub Garden 4 10 40 divaricata dhanam Centre 13 Caesalpinia Ratnagan Shrub Next row to 1 20 20 pulcherrima dhi Hedges 14 Allamanda schottii Hedge Towards 0.25 400 100 compacta paths 15 Begonia Hedge Towards 0.5 40 20 semperflorens paths 16 Caladium Fancy Hedge Towards 0.25 40 10 hortulanum Leaved paths Caladium 17 Euphorbia geraldii Kiss Me Herb Near 0.5 20 10 Quick Corridor 18 Catharanthus rosea Vinca Herb Near Paths 0.1 200 20 Ordinary 19 Crinum asiaticum Blood Lily Herb Near 0.5 20 10 Corridor 20 Crossandra Crossandr Herb Near 0.5 20 10 undulaefolia lutea a Yellow Corridor 21 Eranthemum Kodia Hedge Towards 0.25 40 10 purpureum Purple paths Leaves 22 Gerbera jamesonii Transvaal Herb Near 0.5 20 10 Daisy Corridor 23 Lantana camara Lantana Shrub Next row to 0.5 20 10 erecta Red Hedges 24 Kalanchoe tubiflora Chandelie Herb Near 0.1 500 50 r Plant Corridor 25 Buddleja davidii Butterfly Shrub Next row to 1 40 40
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bush Hedges 26 Asystasia Creeping Hedge Near Paths 0.1 200 20 gangetica foxglove 27 Bauhinia Scarlet Climb Entrance to 3 5 15 ing Garden shrub 28 Ixora coccinea jungle Shrub Next row to 1 20 20 flame Hedges 29 Pennisetum Lawn Grass Rest of all LS LS 334 clandestinum Grass Total 1000
Open lands:
Botanical name Importance No. of Area in trees ha. Casuarina Pulp and construction 2500 1 equisetifolia material Mangifera indica Fruits and shade 200 1 Anacardium Soil binder, fruits 200 1 occidentale Azadirachta indica Neem oil & neem 100 0.2 products Pongamia pinnata Source of biodiesel 200 0.3 Borassus Multipurpose 500 1 flabellifer Cocos nucifera Grown commercially for 500 0.5 coconut fruit Total 5
Road side and pond side: (For each 1 ha)
Botanical name Importance No. Area of in ha. trees Ficus benghalensis Shade and a source of 100 0.1 food for birds Ficus racemosa Edible fruits 50 0.05 Ficus religiosa Shade and a source of 50 0.05 food for birds
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Ailanthus triphysa Shade 50 0.05 Alangium Shade 50 0.05 salviifolium Albizia amara Shade 50 0.05 Albizia lebbeck Shade 50 0.05 Alstonia scholaris Shade 100 0.1 Bauhinia purpurea Shade and flowers 100 0.1 Tecoma stans Shade and flowers 50 0.05 Tectona grandis Shade and Wood 50 0.05 Terminalia arjuna Shade and wood 50 0.05 Terminalia bellarica Shade and fruits 50 0.05 Peltophorum Shade 100 0.1 pterocarpum Samania saman Shade, timber and 100 0.1 fruits are a good live stock feed.
Proposed financial Budget for the Green belt development (Rs in Lakhs)
S.No Component First Second Third Fourth Fifth Total year year year year year 1 Plant seeds/ 8.0 2.0 - - - 10.0 saplings 2 Gardeners Cost 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 12.5 3 Maintenance - 0.25 0.25 0.25 - 0.75 cost 4 Miscellaneous - - 0.25 - - 0.25 Grand Total 10.5 4.75 3.0 2.75 2.5 23.5
10.15 Environment Management Cell
The industry shall have an environment Management wing supervised by the Plant Head. The organizational chart for Environmental Management is presented in figure 10.4.
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Plant Head
Environment & Maintainance Safety Officer Head
Operators Instrumentation 4- Workers Technician 2 NOs 5 Nos
Fig 10.4 Organizational Chart for Environmental Management
Records shall be maintained for the analysis of raw effluents and treated effluents , ambient air quality data, Stack emissions monitoring results, micro-meteorological data and noise levels. These records are not only requires for the perusal of the pollution control board authorities but also to derive at the efficiencies of the pollution control equipment as the objective of the project proponent is not only compliance with statutory regulations, but also a serious commitment towards clean environment.
The industry shall regularly maintain the records as per the hazardous waste regulations & shall apply for the renewal of consents for air and water and renewal of authorization for the Hazardous waste.
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10.16 REPORTING SYSTEM & MONITORING SYSTEM
Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works and that the program is on schedule. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure the measures proposed as part of the Environment Management Plan get implemented in the project.
The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowest rung of the implementation system reporting to the Supervision Consultant, who in turn shall report to the top management of M/S Radha Smelters LImited Every month, implementation of EMP shall be reviewed by top management during implementation stage and thereafter during operational stage
10.17 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
The project proponents have been contributing to the socio-economic development in the area as part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Company is providing sustainable livelihoods through direct and indirect employment the company
Towards improvement of social infrastructure in the nearby villages & Support to local youth for enhancing their skills it is proposed to implement following CSR activities for the next 5 years period
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Activity Year wise Budgets (Rs. Lakhs) 1 2 3 4 5 Total 1. Health Camps and 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 Poor Pregnancy women’s providing nutrition foods in nearest villages 2. Vocational Skill 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 Development Programmes local youth 3. Financial support 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 for pursuing vocational and professional courses to economically weaker section students 4. Contributing to 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 11.0 neighborhood cleanliness under “Swachh Bharat” mission & Telanganaku Harithaharam projects Total 7.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 27.0
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10.18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET
The environmental budget of Rs. 1.89 Crores is allocated for the various environmental management measures proposed in the EMP is detailed in table 8.4 there are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for which has been accounted for in the Engineering Costs & presented in the table below.
Table 10.2 Environmental Budgets for Project
Recurring Cost Capital Cost in S.No Description in Rs. Rs. Lakhs Lakhs/Annum Air Pollution Control ( Upgradation of current Scruubers attached to 1 Bag filters and 120 20.0 establishment of bag filter for new furnace and Slag Crusher area) Water Pollution Control Primary treatment plant 2 20 2.0 of cooling water and STP) Storm Water management & Rain 3 6.0 2.0 water harvesting structures Solid Waste 4 8.0 1.0 Management 5 Noise Pollution Control 10.0 1.0 Environmental 6 Monitoring & -- 2.72 Management 7 Occupational health 5.0 4.0
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8 Fire Safety 10.0 2.0 Green belt & open area 8 10.0 2.7 development* Eco Development 10 - 1.4 activities * Total 189 38.82
* For next 5years period
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STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
3(a):STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES (FERROUS & NON FERROUS) PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT
A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)
1) Executive Summary 2) Introduction i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation ii. Information about the project proponent iii. Importance and benefits of the project
3) Project Description i. Cost of project and time of completion. ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project. iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any. iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation. v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management. vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract) viii. Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) from raw material to products to be provided ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. x. Expansion/modernization proposals: a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing Iexisting operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
95 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4) Site Details i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included. xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy 5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) 96 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6) Environmental Status i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micro- meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details. vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included. vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule- I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the study area.
97 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
7) Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor- cum-rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards. vi. Measures for fugitive emission control vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included. xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted.
98 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8) Occupational health i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9) Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase.
11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time
99 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13) A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.
B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES (FERROUS & NON FERROUS)
1) Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its processes and operations, along with material and energy inputs & outputs (material and energy balance). 2) Details on blast furnace/ open hearth furnace/ basic oxygen furnace/ladle refining, casting and rolling plants etc. 3) Details on installation/activation of opacity meters with recording with proper calibration system 4) Details on toxic metals including mercury, arsenic and fluoride emissions 5) Details on stack height requirement for integrated steel 6) Details on ash disposal and management -Non-ferrous metal 7) Complete process flow diagram describing production of lead/zinc/copper/ aluminium, etc. 8) Raw materials substitution or elimination 9) Details on smelting, thermal refining, melting, slag fuming, and Waelz kiln operation 10) Details on Holding and de-gassing of molten metal from primary and secondary aluminum, materials pre-treatment, and from melting and smelting of secondary aluminium 11) Details on solvent recycling 12) Details on precious metals recovery 13) Details on composition, generation and utilization of waste/fuel gases from coke oven plant and their utilization. 14) Details on toxic metal content in the waste material and its composition and end use (particularly of slag). 15) Trace metals Mercury, arsenic and fluoride emissions in the raw material. 16) Trace metals in waste material especially slag. 17) Plan for trace metal recovery 18) Trace metals in water
100 Standard Terms of reference for Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Secondary Metallurgical Industries
S.No TOR Point Compliance 1 Executive Summary Included in EIA report. 2 Introduction Included in chapter 1 of EIA report - Page No.1-17 i Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET Included in chapter 12 of EIA accreditation Report ii Information about the project proponent Included in chapter 1 of EIA report -Section 2.1, Page No.1-2 iii Importance and benefits of the project Included in chapter 1 of EIA report -Section 1.3, Page No.1-4 3 Project Description Included in chapter 2 of EIA report - Page No.1-39 i Cost of project and time of completion Included in chapter 1 of EIA report - Section 1.7, Page No.1-8 ii Products with capacities for the proposed Included in chapter 2 of EIA project report - Table No 2.1 Page No.2-1 iii If expansion project, details of existing products Included in chapter 2 of EIA with capacities and whether adequate land is report –Section 2.1, page 2-1 available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any iv List of raw materials required and their source Included in chapter 2 of EIA along with mode of transportation report –Section 2.7.1, Page No.2-24 v Other chemicals and materials required with NA quantities and storage capacities vi Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste Presented in Chapter 2 of EIA, generation and their management Section 2.9.1, Page No.2-30 vii Requirement of water, power, with source of Presented in Chapter 2 of EIA supply, status of approval, water balance report diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract) viii Process description along with major Presented in Chapter 2, section equipments and machineries, process flow sheet 2.6, page no.2-15 (quantitative) from raw material to products to be provided ix Hazard identification and details of proposed Presented in Chapter 7 of EIA safety systems report x Expansion/modernization proposals:
a Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) The unit obtained CFE and CFO including Amendments thereto obtained for the of the Board and started project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as operations. an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. b In case the existing project has not obtained Included in chapter 1 of EIA environmental clearance, reasons for not taking report EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted 4 Site Details i Location of the project site covering village, Included in chapter 2 of EIA Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification report -Section 2.3, Page No.2-4 for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered ii A topo sheet of the study area of radius of 10km Included in chapter 2 of EIA and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on report –Figure 2.1, Page No.2-8 an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site This is an existing unit going for expansion iv Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the Included in chapter 2 of EIA site Section 2.3, Page No.2-4 v Google map-Earth downloaded of the project Included in chapter 2 of EIA site report –Figure 2.3, Page No.2- 10 vi Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as Included in chapter 2 of EIA proposed unit indicating storage area, plant report –Page 2-10 area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate vii Photographs of the proposed and existing (if Included in chapter 2 of EIA, applicable) plant site. If existing, show Figure 2.4, page No.2-11 photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular viii Landuse break-up of total land of the project Included in chapter 3 of EIA site (identified and acquired), government/ report –Section 3.2, Page 3-4 private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix A list of major industries with name and type Included in chapter 3 of EIA within study area (10km radius) shall be report – Page 3-4 incorporated. Land use details of the study area x Geological features and Geo-hydrological status Included in chapter 3 of EIA of the study area shall be included report –Section 3.3, Page 3-8 xi Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km Included in chapter 3 of EIA radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km report –Figure 3.1, Page 3-3 radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not Land is owned by the company complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land xiii R&R details in respect of land in line with state Land is owned by the company Government policy 5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i Permission and approval for the use of forest There is no involvement of land (forestry clearance), if any, and forest land recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii Land use map based on High resolution satellite Included in chapter 3 of EIA imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating report –Figure 3.3, Page 3-5 the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) Status of Application submitted for obtaining the There is no involvement of stage I forestry clearance along with latest forest land status shall be submitted The projects to be located within 10 km of the Not applicable National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon
Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by Not applicable the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area
Copy of application submitted for clearance Not applicable under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6 Environmental Status i Determination of atmospheric inversion level at Presented in chapter 3 section the project site and site-specific micro- 3.8.1 page no.3-30 meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall ii AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for Presented in chapter 3 section PM10, PM2.5, S02, NOX, CO and other 3.8.3 page no.3-36 parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests iii Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks Included in chapter 3 of EIA of all stations as per frequency given in the report NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report iv Surface water quality of nearby River (100m Included in chapter 3 of EIA upstream and downstream of discharge point) report –Section 3.6, Page 3-20 and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. v Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of Nil river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details vi Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 Included in chapter 3 of EIA locations shall be included report –Section 3.5, Page 3-16 to 3-20 vii Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the Included in chapter 3 of EIA study area report –Section 3.9, Page 3-45 viii Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3.7, Page 3-25 ix Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, Included in chapter 4 of EIA frequency of vehicles for transportation of report –Section 4.10, Page 4-49 materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc x Detailed description of flora and fauna Included in chapter 3 of EIA (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study report –Section 3.11, Page 3-72 area shall be given with special reference to to 3-85 rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished xi Socio-economic status of the study area Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3.10, Page 3-14 7 Impact and Environment Management Plan i Assessment of ground level concentration of Included in Chapter 4 of EIA pollutants from the stack emission based on report site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any ii Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in Process water is recycled and water body domestic effluents are treated in STP iii Impact of the transport of the raw materials and Included in Chapter 4 of EIA end products on the surrounding environment report, Section 4.10 shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor- cum-rail transport shall be examined iv A note on treatment of wastewater from Included in Chapter 2 of EIA different plant operations, extent recycled and report, table No 2.8, page no.2- reused for different purposes shall be included. 29 Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules v Details of stack emission and action plan for Included in Chapter 2 of EIA control of emissions to meet standards report, table No 2.9, page no.2- 30 vi Measures for fugitive emission control Included in Chapter 2 of EIA report, section 2.9.3, page no.2- 31 vii Details of hazardous waste generation and their Included in Chapter 2 of EIA storage, utilization and management. Copies of report, section 2.9.4, page no.2- MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous 31 waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste- minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as Bottom ash is sold to brick per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of manufacturers and cement action shall be provided plants ix Action plan for the green belt development plan Included in chapter 10, Section in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 10.14 page 10-33 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated x Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures Included in chapter 10, Section at plant site shall be submitted to harvest 10.5 page 10-6 rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources xi Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for Included in chapter 10, Section environmental pollution control measures shall 10.18 page 10-40 be included xii Action plan for post-project environmental Included in chapter 6 monitoring shall be submitted Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man- Included in chapter 7 made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan 8 Occupational health Included in Chapter 7 of EIA Report, section 7.5, page 7-6 i Plan and fund allocation to ensure the Included in Chapter 7 of EIA occupational health & safety of all contract and Report casual workers ii Details of exposure specific health status Included in Chapter 7 of EIA evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is Report being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise iii Details of existing Occupational & Safety Included in chapter 7, Section Hazards. What are the exposure levels of 7.5, page no.7-6 hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved iv Annual report of heath status of workers with Included in chapter 7, Section special reference to Occupational Health and 7.5, page no.7-6 Safety 9 Corporate Environment Policy i Does the company have a well laid down No Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report ii Does the Environment Policy prescribe for No standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA iii What is the hierarchical system or Included in Chapter 6 of EIA Administrative order of the company to deal report , page 6-18 with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given iv Does the company have system of reporting of Included in Chapter 6 of EIA non compliances / violations of environmental report, page 6-18 norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as Included in Chapter 10 of EIA sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to report the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase 11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project Included in Chapter 10 of EIA cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise report, section 10.17, page Social Commitment based on Public Hearing no.10-38 issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio- economic development activities need to be elaborated upon 12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or No any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice (s) and present status of the case 13 A tabular chart with index for point wise This check list provides the compliance of above TOR compliance with references of EIA report SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES (FERROUS & NON FERROUS)
1 Complete process flow diagram describing each Included in chapter 2 of EIA unit, its processes and operations, along with report –figure no.2.5, Page material and energy inputs & outputs (material No.2-22 and energy balance) 2 Details on blast furnace/ open hearth furnace/ Included in chapter 2 of EIA basic oxygen furnace/ladle refining, casting and report rolling plants etc 3 Details on installation/activation of opacity meters with recording with proper calibration system 4 Details on toxic metals including mercury, Not applicable arsenic and fluoride emissions 5 Details given in chapter 2, table Details on stack height requirement for integrated steel no 2.9, page no 2-30
6 Details given in chapter 2, table Details on ash disposal and management -Non- no 2.10, page no 2-31 ferrous metal
7 Complete process flow diagram describing Not applicable production of lead/zinc/copper/ aluminium, etc 8 No Raw materials substitution or elimination
9 Details on smelting, thermal refining, melting, Details given in chapter 2 slag fuming, and Waelz kiln operation 10 Not applicable Details on Holding and de-gassing of molten metal from primary and secondary aluminum, materials pre-treatment, and from melting and smelting of secondary aluminium
11 Details on solvent recycling Not applicable 12 Not applicable Details on precious metals recovery 13 Details on composition, generation and Not applicable utilization of waste/fuel gases from coke oven plant and their utilization 14 Details on toxic metal content in the waste Not applicable material and its composition and end use (particularly of slag) 15 Trace metals Mercury, arsenic and fluoride Not applicable emissions in the raw material 16 Trace metals in waste material especially slag Not applicable 17 Plan for trace metal recovery Not applicable
18 Trace metals in water Not applicable