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Ergänzungen Zur Großpilzflora Von Baden-Württemberg 185 ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at GMINDER & SAAR : Ergänzungen zur Großpilzflora von Baden-Württemberg 185 Ergänzungen zur Großpilzflora von Baden-Württemberg ANDREA S GMINDER & GÜNTER SAAR Kurzfassung Einführung Dies ist ein Nachtrag zu den fünf Bänden „Die Großpilze Baden-Württembergs“. 76 Arten und 10 Gattungen von Der folgende Nachtrag zu „Die Großpilze Baden- Großpilzen werden als neu für Baden-Württemberg gemeldet. 28 Arten sind auch Erstnachweise für ganz Württembergs“ (KRIE G L S TEINER 2000a, b, 2001, Deutschland. Angaben zur Morphologie (einschließlich 2003, KRIE G L S TEINER & GMINDER 2010) enthält Bestimmungsschlüsseln), Ökologie und Verbreitung 75 neue Arten und 10 neue Gattungen. Nicht werden ergänzt. Eine Neukombination wird vorge- berücksichtigt wurde die Gattung Cortinarius schlagen: Hemimycena mauretanica var. megaspora (Schleierlinge), deren Nachträge separat publi- (KÜHNER ) SAAR & GMINDER comb. nov. Die Gesamtzahl ziert werden (SAAR & GMINDER , in Vorbereitung). der Agaricomycotina in Baden-Württemberg beläuft In einigen Fällen machten die Neufunde eine sich auf 3.150 Arten (3.112 Agaricomycetes, 18 Dacry- Aktualisierung der Bestimmungsschlüssel not- mycetes, 20 Tremellomycetes). wendig. Abstract Neben diesen Ergänzungen wäre eigentlich auch This is a supplement to the five volumes of „Die eine große Menge an Fehlerkorrekturen, neuen Großpilze Baden-Württembergs“. 76 species and 10 Erkenntnissen und wichtigen Funden bereits genera of macromycetes are newly recorded for the bekannter Arten usw. notwendig. Diese hier auf- state of Baden-Württemberg. 28 are new to Germany. zulisten hätte jedoch den Rahmen des Beitrags Further information on morphology (including identi- gesprengt. Sie werden dennoch vom Erstautor fication keys), ecology and distribution is provided. A (A.G.) weiterhin gesammelt und sollen zukünftig new combination is proposed: Hemimycena mauretani­ einmal online gestellt werden. ca var. megaspora (KÜHNER ) SAAR & GMINDER comb. nov. Die Anordnung der Arten erfolgt weitgehend The overall number of species of Agaricomycotina in Baden-Württemberg is 3.150 (3.112 Agaricomycetes, nach dem System der fünf Bände der „Großpilze 18 Dacrymycetes, 20 Tremellomycetes). Baden-Württembergs“ (KRIE G L S TEINER 2000a, b, 2001, 2003, KRIE G L S TEINER & GMINDER 2010). Den neu aufgenommenen Taxa ist im Regelfall die Autoren Seitenzahl des jeweiligen Bandes vorange- ANDREA S GMINDER , Dorfstr. 27, 07751 Jena-Prießnitz. E- stellt, in den es einzuordnen wäre. Damit soll ein Mail: [email protected] schnelleres Auffinden der entsprechenden Stel- GÜNTER SAAR , Dammenmühle 7, 77933 Lahr-Sulz len erleichtert werden. Abkürzungen Öffentliche Herbarien (Akronyme laut Index Herbario- Inhalt rum – http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbario- rum.asp): Einführung .............................. 185 GLM – Pilzherbarium Senckenberg Museum für Natur- Abkürzungen ............................ 185 kunde Görlitz, Ergänzungen zu Band 1 (KRIE G L S TEINER 2000a) .. 186 KR – Pilzherbarium Staatliches Museum für Naturkun- Ergänzungen zu Band 2 (KRIE G L S TEINER 2000b) .. 194 de Karlsruhe, Ergänzungen zu Band 3 (KRIE G L S TEINER 2001) ... 202 M – Pilzherbarium Botanische Staatssammlung Mün- Ergänzungen zu Band 4 (KRIE G L S TEINER 2003) ... 210 chen, Ergänzungen zu Band 5 STU – Pilzherbarium Staatliches Museum für Natur- (KRIE G L S TEINER & GMINDER 2010) . 215 kunde Stuttgart Die Zahl der Großpilze (Agaricomycotina) in Baden-Württemberg ................... 219 Sonstige Abkürzungen Dank . 220 AMO – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mykologie Ostwürttem- Literatur ................................ 220 berg, conf. = bestätigt von (confirmavit), cult. – kultiviert, Anhang: Artenliste ........................ 222 inval. – ungültig, l.c. – am zuvor zitierten Orte (loco ci- ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at 186 andrias, 19 (2012) tato), lt Lit. – nach der Literatur, nom. nud. – nomen Tremella aurantia SCHW . (Schr. naturf. nudum (reine Nennung eines neuen Namens, der aber Ges. Leipzig 1: 114, 1822) ungültig publiziert ist, da die vom Botanischen Code Schichtpilz-Zitterling (ICBN) vorgeschriebene Bedingungen nicht erfüllt sind), NSG – Naturschutzgebiet, p.p. – zum Teil (pro parte), REM – Rasterelektronenmikroskop, RL – Rote Morphologie: Makroskopisch kaum von T. me­ Liste, ss. auct. – im Sinne der Autoren (sensu aucto- senterica RETZ . zu unterscheiden (etwas größere, rum), soc. – vergesellschaftet mit (societate). hirnartige Fruchtkörper), doch durch die schma- leren Sporen (6-7,5 µm gegenüber 7-9,5 µm bei T. mesenterica), die teilweise gestielten Basidien und den unterschiedlichen Wirt problemlos be- stimmbar. Ergänzungen zu Band 1 Ökologie: Ohne Bindung an bestimmte Biotope, (KRIE G L S TEINER 2000a) scheinbar auf morschem Laubholz, tatsächlich aber an Schichtpilzen (Stereum) parasitierend. Exobasidium japonicum SHIRAI (Bot. Mag. Im Gebiet sowie in der Literatur bisher aus- (Tokyo) 10: 52, 1896) (Tafel 1, Abb. 1) schließlich an Stereum hirsutum (WILLD .) PER S . Azaleen-Nacktbasidie berichtet. Häufigkeit und Verbreitung: Zwei Nachweise. Morphologie: Bei infizierten Pflanzen werden vor Keuper-Lias-Land: 7125/4, Mögglingen, an lie- allem die Blätter (selten Blüten) befallen, die un- gendem Quercus-Ast, soc. Stereum hirsutum, förmig gallenartig anschwellen und unterseits bei Jan./Feb. 2010, W. ZITZMANN . – 7220/4, Stuttgart- Reife vom kalkweißen Hymenium bedeckt sind. Degerloch, Dornhaldenfriedhof, an Holzbank, Ökologie: In Gärten, Friedhöfen und Parkan- soc. Stereum hirsutum, 26.02.2011, A. GMINDER . lagen, vermutlich auch in Gewächshäusern Bestand und Bedrohung: Die Art scheint nicht und Pflanzenzuchtbetrieben anzutreffen. Stets gefährdet zu sein, auch wenn erst wenige Daten an gepflanzten Azaleen und Rhododendren, vorliegen. Allerdings dürfte sie auch bei gezielter vermutlich beschränkt auf die Rhododendron Beachtung deutlich seltener als ihr Doppelgän- „indicum“-Gruppe und Rhododendron japoni­ ger T. mesenterica sein. cum-Sorten. Allgemeine Verbreitung: Nordamerika (USA, Ka- Häufigkeit und Verbreitung: Drei Nachweise. nada). Europa. Die Verbreitung ist erst unvollstän- Oberrheingebiet: 6916/3, Karlsruhe, Grünwin- dig bekannt. Nachgewiesen zumindest in West- kel, Privatgarten, auf Rhododendron sp. (cult.), (Frankreich, Luxemburg, Großbritannien) und 115 m NN, 01.06.2003, M. SCHOLLER (KR 12114, Mitteleuropa (Deutschland). In Deutschland wird Erstnachweis). – Odenwald: 6520/1, Eberbach, die Art erst seit einigen Jahren beachtet, ist aber NÖ Schollerbuckel, Hotel „Neckarblick“, Gar- bereits in Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, ten, auf Rhododendron sp. (cult.), 260 m NN, Hessen und Niedersachsen gefunden worden. 21.06.2006, M. SCHOLLER (KR 17724). – Schwarz- wald: 7116/4, Marxzell, SW Schielberg, Frauen- alb, Privatgarten, auf Rhododendron sp. (cult.), Tulasnella deliquescens (JUEL ) JUEL (Arch. 330 m NN, 12.07.2009, M. SCHOLLER (KR 4815). Bot. 14: 8, 1914) Bestand und Bedrohung: Die Art ist in Baden- Zerfließender Wachskrustenpilz Württemberg nicht ursprünglich. Tendenzen zu einer Ausbreitung außerhalb von gärtnerisch Morphologie: Vgl. T. calospora (BOUD .) JUEL , von beeinflussten Umgebungen sind nicht zu erken- der sich die Art nur durch längere und gleichzei- nen. Die Art nimmt seit Anfang des letzten Jahr- tig schmalere Sporen unterscheidet. hunderts europaweit zu und kann in Gärtnereien Ökologie: Im Kiefernforst, jedoch sicherlich nicht beträchtlichen Schaden anrichten (bekannt als an diesen Biotop gebunden. „Ohrläppchenkrankheit“). Ihr Ursprung wird von An seit rund 30 Jahren liegenden, finalfaulen KREI S EL & SCHOLLER (1994) in Japan vermutet. Kiefernstämmen. Allgemeine Verbreitung: In ganz Europa vorkom- Häufigkeit und Verbreitung: Ein Nachweis. mend, wenn auch nicht besonders häufig. In Oberrheingebiet: 6617/4, Sandhausen, Bann- Deutschland immer wieder in Gärtnereien und wald Franzosenbusch, 103 m NN, Kiefernforst, Kulturen auftretend, seit 1908 bekannt (LAUBERT morsche Stämme von Pinus sylvestris, 09.-10. 1932, nicht eingesehen). 10.2002, leg. W. WINTERHOFF , det. H. OS TROW . ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at GMINDER & SAAR : Ergänzungen zur Großpilzflora von Baden-Württemberg 187 Bestand und Bedrohung: Aufgrund zu schwacher berg vorkommenden Bestände galten noch bei Datenlage unbekannt. SEBALD et al. (1992: 86) als stabil und nicht ge- Allgemeine Verbreitung: Oft nicht von T. calospora fährdet. Sie sind jedoch seit einigen Jahren durch getrennt (z.B. bei JÜLICH 1984), daher Verbreitung das massive Auftreten des aus Ostasien um 2007 nur ungenügend bekannt. Australien, Nordame- eingeschleppten Buchsbaum-Zünslers (Cydalima rika (USA, Kanada) und Europa. Nachgewiesen perspectalis (WAL K ER , 1859) von existenzbedro- in West- (Frankreich, Belgien), Mittel- (Deutsch- henden Vitalitätsverlusten betroffen (u.a. DI S CHIN - land), Nord- (Dänemark, Schweden) und Ost- G ER , pers. Mitt.). Dadurch muss A. buxicola, auf europa (Polen). In Deutschland keine weiteren seine natürlichen Vorkommen bezogen, in RL 1 Funde bekannt. (vom Aussterben bedroht) eingereiht werden. Allgemeine Verbreitung: Die vermutlich atlan- Der Schlüssel (S. 133) kann wie folgt ergänzt tisch-mediterrane Art ist bisher wohl nur aus werden: Frankreich bekannt gewesen. Weitere Funde aus 8. Sporen schwach gekrümmt-zylindrisch, Deutschland liegen nicht vor. 4-7,5 x 2,5-3 µm . T. tomaculum
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