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DISCLAIMER: This document does not meet current format guidelines Graduate School at the The University of Texas at Austin. of the It has been published for informational use only. Copyright By Jeffrey D. Holmes 2012 The Treatise Committee for Jeffrey D. Holmes Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Treatise: A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Former Community College Student-Athletes Committee: John E. Roueche, Supervisor Jennifer J. Holme Leonard Moore Andrew Lofters Ronald G. Brown Angela Oriano-Darnall A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Former Community College Student-Athletes by Jeffrey D. Holmes, BA, MA Treatise Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education University of Texas-Austin May, 2012 ABSTRACT A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Former Community College Student-Athletes Jeffrey D. Holmes, Ed.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2012 Supervisor: John E. Roueche Former two-year college student-athlete‘s perceptions of the identifiable institutional services and programs that contribute to the successful transfer of student-athletes from the community college to four-year colleges and universities; the professional athlete‘s perceptions of the how community college athletic association member institutions can create opportunities for degree completion and explore strategies to increase graduation rates for transfer student- athletes. ―A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Former Community College Student-Athletes‖ examines the experiences of five athletes and their perceptions of what aided their personal success at the community college. The results of the study illustrate the mentoring and structured programs help to create climate for success. A national transfer clearinghouse will help both four-year and two-year colleges in aligning degree plans to improve the graduation and transfer rates of students. The completion of these education credentials will ultimately lead towards career pathways. iv Table of Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. IV CHAPTER 1: ................................................................................................................................................. 9 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 9 THE OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................... 9 THE SETTING ............................................................................................................................................ 11 THE NON-QUALIFYING STUDENT-ATHLETE ............................................................................................ 13 DEFINITION OF TERMS .............................................................................................................................. 14 PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................................................. 18 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................... 19 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: ............................................................................................................................ 19 SIGNIFICANCE ........................................................................................................................................... 20 METHODOLOGY: OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 22 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ......................................................................................................... 22 INTRODUCTION TO THE BODY OF LITERATURE ........................................................................................ 22 ACADEMIC AND SOCIAL INVOLVEMENT .................................................................................................. 23 THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENT ..................................................................................................... 32 COMMUNITY COLLEGE BUILDS HOPES FOR DISADVANTAGED ................................................................. 32 STUDENT-ATHLETES AND THEIR UNIQUE PROBLEMS ............................................................................... 34 THE STUDENT-ATHLETE .......................................................................................................................... 36 SELF-EFFICACY AND CAREER MATURITY ................................................................................................ 54 COMMUNITY COLLEGE AND THE STUDENT-ATHLETE .............................................................................. 56 DECISION MAKING ................................................................................................................................... 63 SUPPORT SERVICES FOR THE STUDENT-ATHLETE .................................................................................... 67 ATHLETIC JOB MARKET ........................................................................................................................... 71 v CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 73 CHAPTER 3: ............................................................................................................................................... 75 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 75 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................................................ 76 PHENOMENOLOGY STUDY ........................................................................................................................ 78 SAMPLING STRATEGY AND PARTICIPANT SELECTION ............................................................................. 79 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY SITE .................................................................................................................. 80 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY SITE ................................................................................................................. 80 PARTICIPANTS........................................................................................................................................... 81 PARTICIPANTS SELECTION CRITERIA AND CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................ 81 SAMPLE SELECTION .................................................................................................................................. 82 CONTEXT OF BIG TIME ATHLETICS .......................................................................................................... 82 INTERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................ 84 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION .................................................................................................. 86 VALIDITY .................................................................................................................................................. 87 LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 90 METHODOLOGY: OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 91 RESEARCHER‘S EXPECTATION ................................................................................................................. 93 CHAPTER 4: ............................................................................................................................................... 95 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION .................................................................................................. 95 SOCIAL CONTEXT OF COLLEGE FOOTBALL .............................................................................................. 97 PARTICIPANTS AND THEIR INTERVIEWS ................................................................................................. 104 THEMES .................................................................................................................................................. 119 SUMMARY OF PARTICIPANTS RESPONSES ............................................................................................... 125 CHAPTER 5: ............................................................................................................................................. 129 vi CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 129 SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................................................