2016 Freeway Congestion & Reliabliity Report-Chapter 3

2016 Freeway Congestion & Reliability Report

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA Chapter 3 NEWAYGO

GRAND MONTCALM MUSKEGON

REGION KENT OTTAWA SUMMARY IONIA

ALLEGAN BARRY

Contents

Performance Measures Definitions...... 1 Regional Congestion Severity...... 3 Regional Congestion Miles by Severity...... 7 Ranked UDC by Location...... 8 Mobility Measures: I-96 Corridor...... 10 Mobility Measures: I-196 Corridor...... 22 Mobility Measures: M-6 Corridor...... 32 Mobility Measures: US-31 Corridor...... 36 Mobility Measures: US-131 Corridor...... 42

> FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Performance Measures Definitions

Delay No Delay Delay POSTED SPEED

60 MPH*

ACTUAL SPEED

Total delay > Delay is calculated by taking the difference between actual speeds when they fall below 60 mph and the posted speed limit for freeways postedPOSTED at SP 70EE Dmph. This is Recurring to take out the delay caused by the lower average speeds from commercial60 MPH vehicles. Recurring Total delay per mile > Delay per mile is calculated by taking the totalAVERA delayGE SPEED and dividing it by the length of the freeway. This was performed for eachNon-recurring route in each county. ACTUAL SPEED User Delay Cost > User Delay Costs (UDC) is calculated by multiplying delay x hourly volume per hourly user cost. Delay is calculated by taking the difference between actual speeds when they fall below 60 mph and the posted speed limit. Hourly volumes are derived from Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and Commercial Average Daily Traffic (CADT). Hourly user costs are based onNorthbou Federal Highwaynd Travel AdministrationTimes Avg (FHWA) 75thpublication % 95thnumber % FHWA- SA-98-079, “Life-Cycle16.0 Cost Analysis in Pavement Design.” Congestion Severity14.0 > Congestion Severity is calculated based on the worst hourly average speed experienced12.0 Small duringdi erence the AM or PM Peak period per traffic Largemessage di erence channel (TMC) segment. A TMC segmentbetween average is a standard for delivering real-time trafficbetween information. average They vary 10.0 and 95th percentile and 95th percentile from tenths of a miletravel long times to several miles long. travel times 8.0

• Three differentMinutes categories are used to distinguish severity levels: low (>= 55 mph), moderate (>= 356.0 mph & < 55 mph), and severe (< 35 mph). 4.0

2.0 Reliable Unreliable

0.0 1:00 PM PM 2:00 PM 3:00 4:00 PM 4:00 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM AM 5:00 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM

Time of Day

* On segments with a speed limit of 55 mph, delay is calculated when speeds fall below 55 mph. 1 POSTED SPEED > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures Recurring 60 MPH Recurring AVERAGE SPEED Non-recurring Chapter 3 Performance Measures ACTUALDefinitions SPEED

Northbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 16.0

14.0

12.0 Small di erence Large di erence between average between average 10.0 and 95th percentile and 95th percentile travel times travel times 8.0 Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0 Reliable Unreliable

Time of Day

Travel Time Reliability > A measure of travel time consistency over a period of time. When travel times are unreliable, customers are more likely to experience unexpected delays. Trav- el times are shown to be reliable when the 95th percentile travel time remains close to the average travel time. 75th Percentile Travel Time > The amount of time a customer should budget to be on-time three out of four days (75% of the time). 95th Percentile Travel Time > The amount of time a customer should budget to be on-time nineteen out of twenty days (95% of the time). The 95th percentile travel time is also known as the planning time.

Note: May through September were used for the summer reliability calculations.

2 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 1. 2016 Grand Region AM peak congestion severity northbound/eastbound Chapter 3 2016 Grand Region AM Peak Congestion Severity Northbound/Eastbound 4

®2131

®231

¨¦§96

¨¦§196

2016 Congestion Severity Severe Moderate Low

3 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 2. 2016 Grand Region PM peak congestion severity northbound/eastbound Chapter 3

2016 Grand Region PM Peak Congestion Severity Northbound/Eastbound 4

®2131

®231

¨¦§96

¨¦§196

2016 Congestion Severity Severe Moderate Low

4 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 3. 2016 Grand Region AM peak congestion severity southbound/westbound Chapter 3

2016 Grand Region AM Peak Congestion Severity Southbound/Westbound 4

®2131

®231

¨¦§96

¨¦§196

2016 Congestion Severity Severe Moderate Low

5 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 4. 2016 Grand Region AM peak congestion severity southbound/westbound Chapter 3

2016 Grand Region PM Peak Congestion Severity Southbound/Westbound 4

®2131

®231

¨¦§96

¨¦§196

2016 Congestion Severity Severe Moderate Low

6 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3

Table 1. 2016 Congestion Miles by Severity - AM Peak Region Low Moderate Severe Bay 795.5 0.0 0.0 Grand 668.5 27.1 2.4 Metro 445.6 144.2 35.0 Southwest 498.6 1.7 0.0 University 733.6 40.5 8.0 North 399.5 0.0 0.0 Superior 100.0 2.4 0.0 Total 3641.2 215.9 45.3

Table 2. 2016 Congestion Miles by Severity - PM Peak Region Low Moderate Severe Bay 795.5 0.0 0.0 Grand 656.0 34.8 7.1 Metro 356.8 212.3 55.6 Southwest 498.6 1.7 0.0 University 704.3 63.2 14.6 North 399.5 0.0 0.0 Superior 100.0 2.4 0.0 Total 3510.7 314.4 77.3

7 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Table 3. 2016 Grand Region UDC Data

2012-2015 Average 2016 UDC Per UDC Per Rank Location (Route, County) Rank Location (Route, County) Mile Mile 1 $343,000 I-196 Kent Co. 1 $331,000 US-131 Kent Co. 2 $280,000 US-131 Kent Co. 2 $307,000 I-196 Kent Co. 3 $106,000 I-96 Kent Co. 3 $98,000 I-96 Kent Co. 4 $81,000 US-31 Muskegon/Ottawa Co. (70 mph Section) 4 $58,000 US-131 Allegan Co. 5 $73,000 I-196 Ottawa Co. 5 $58,000 I-196 Ottawa Co. 6 $52,000 I-96 Muskegon Co. 6 $33,000 US-31 Muskegon/Ottawa Co. (70 mph Section) 7 $51,000 I-96 Ottawa Co. 7 $31,000 I-96 Ionia Co. 8 $50,000 US-131 Allegan Co. 8 $30,000 M-6 Kent/Ottawa Co. 9 $48,000 I-196 Allegan Co. 9 $29,000 I-96 Ottawa Co. 10 $44,000 M-6 Kent/Ottawa Co. 10 $26,000 I-96 Muskegon Co. 11 $41,000 I-96 Ionia Co. 11 $23,000 I-196 Allegan Co. 12 $24,000 US-131 Montcalm Co. 12 $8,000 US-131 Mecosta Co. 13 $16,000 US-131 Mecosta Co. 13 $7,000 US-131 Montcalm Co. 14 $12,000 US-131 Osceola Co. 14 $7,000 US-31 Oceana Co. 15 $9,000 US-31 Oceana Co. 15 $6,000 US-31 Mason Co. (70 mph section) 16 $7,000 US-31 Mason Co. (70 mph section) 16 $4,000 US-131 Osceola Co.

2012-2015 Average 2016 Total Total Rank Location (Route, County) Rank Location (Route, County) UDC UDC 1 $22,108,000 US-131 Kent Co. 1 $26,157,000 US-131 Kent Co. 2 $10,969,000 I-196 Kent Co. 2 $9,833,000 I-196 Kent Co. 3 $6,576,000 I-96 Kent Co. 3 $6,056,000 I-96 Kent Co. 4 $4,538,000 US-31 Muskegon/Ottawa Co. (70 mph Section) 4 $3,110,000 US-131 Allegan Co. 5 $2,847,000 I-196 Allegan Co. 5 $1,902,000 I-196 Ottawa Co. 6 $2,697,000 US-131 Allegan Co. 6 $1,860,000 US-31 Muskegon/Ottawa Co. (70 mph Section) 7 $2,421,000 I-196 Ottawa Co. 7 $1,583,000 I-96 Ionia Co. 8 $2,110,000 I-96 Ottawa Co. 8 $1,328,000 I-196 Allegan Co. 9 $2,068,000 I-96 Ionia Co. 9 $1,274,000 M-6 Kent/Ottawa Co. 10 $1,880,000 M-6 Kent/Ottawa Co. 10 $1,188,000 I-96 Ottawa Co. 11 $927,000 US-131 Mecosta Co. 11 $439,000 US-131 Mecosta Co. 12 $649,000 US-131 Montcalm Co. 12 $356,000 US-31 Oceana Co. 13 $618,000 US-131 Osceola Co. 13 $281,000 I-96 Muskegon Co. 14 $575,000 I-96 Muskegon Co. 14 $185,000 US-131 Montcalm Co. 15 $429,000 US-31 Oceana Co. 15 $179,000 US-131 Osceola Co. 16 $170,000 US-31 Mason Co. (70 mph section) 16 $146,000 US-31 Mason Co. (70 mph section) Total = $61,582,000 Total = $55,877,000 Note: Minor differences may occur due to rounding. Grand Region Freeway User Delay Costs

$80,000,000 $73,158,000

$70,000,000

$60,000,000 $64,597,000 $60,644,000 $50,000,000 $55,879,000 $47,924,000 $40,000,000 Totals $30,000,000 User Delay Costs $20,000,000

$10,000,000

$0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year

> FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Corridor

Interstate 96: Muskegon, Ottawa, Kent, and Ionia

Interstate 196: Allegan, Ottawa, and Kent

Michigan 6: Ottawa and Kent

US 31: Ottawa, Muskegon, Oceana, and Mason

US 131: Allegan, Kent, Montcalm, Mecosta, and Osceola

10 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 5. Muskegon County I-96 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Muskegon County I-96 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $120,000

$100,000

$80,000

$60,000

$40,000

$20,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 6. Ottawa County I-96 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Ottawa County I-96 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

12 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 7. Kent County I-96 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Kent County I-96 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $1,400,000

$1,200,000

$1,000,000

$800,000

$600,000

$400,000

$200,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 13 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 8. Iona County I-96 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Ionia County I-96 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $400,000

$350,000

$300,000

$250,000

$200,000

$150,000

$100,000

$50,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 14 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 9. Grand Region I-96 eastbound Chapter 3 IONIA/CLINTON COUNTY LINE GRAND RIVER AVE/EXIT 77 KENT ST/EXIT 76 GD RIVER AVE/PORTLAND… M-66 Interchange M-66/EXIT 67 JORDAN LAKE RD/EXIT 64 NASH HWY/EXIT 59 IONIA/KENT COUNTY LINE KENT/IONIA COUNTY LINE M-50/EXIT 52 M-6/PAUL B HENERY FWY M-11/28TH ST/EXIT 43 CASCADE RD/EXIT 40 M-21/EXIT 39 M-37/M-44/BELTLINE… I-196/GERALD R FORD FWY LEONARD ST/EXIT 36 M-44-CON/PLAINFIELD… US-131 Interchange US-131/EXIT 31 M-37/ALPINE AVE/EXIT 30 WALKER AVE/EXIT 28 FRUIT RIDGE AVE/EXIT 26 8TH AVE/EXIT 25 M-11/EXIT 24 16TH AVE/EXIT 23 48TH AVE/EXIT 19 68TH AVE/EXIT 16 RANDALL ST/STATE RD CR-B31/EXIT 10 M-104 Interchange M-104/EXIT 10 ROBERT R SCRAVER REST AREA MUSKEGON/OTTAWA… FRUITPORT RD/EXIT 5 AIRLINE RD/EXIT 4 HILE RD/EXIT 1 US-31/EXIT 1 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40

Average Speed (mph) EB

4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 15 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 10. Grand Region I-96 westbound

Chapter 3 WB IONIA/CLINTON COUNTY LINE GRAND RIVER AVE/EXIT 77 KENT ST/EXIT 76 GD RIVER AVE/PORTLAND… M-66 Interchange M-66/EXIT 67 JORDAN LAKE RD/EXIT 64 NASH HWY/EXIT 59 IONIA/KENT COUNTY LINE M-50/EXIT 52 M-6/PAUL B HENERY FWY M-11/28TH ST/EXIT 43 CASCADE RD/EXIT 40 M-21/EXIT 39 M-37/M-44/BELTLINE… I-196/GERALD R FORD FWY LEONARD ST/EXIT 36 M-44-CON/PLAINFIELD… US-131 Interchange US-131/EXIT 31 M-37/ALPINE AVE/EXIT 30 WALKER AVE/EXIT 28 FRUIT RIDGE AVE/EXIT 26 8TH AVE/EXIT 25 M-11/EXIT 24 16TH AVE/EXIT 23 48TH AVE/EXIT 19 68TH AVE/EXIT 16 RANDALL ST/STATE RD CR-B31/EXIT 10 M-104 Interchange M-104/EXIT 10 ROBERT R SCRAVER REST AREA OTTAWA/MUSKEGON… MUSKEGON/OTTAWA… FRUITPORT RD/EXIT 5 AIRLINE RD/EXIT 4 HILE RD/EXIT 1 US-31/EXIT 1 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 Average Speed (mph)

4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 16 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Travel Time Reliability

Figure 11. Travel time reliability: I-96

Rockford

Grand Haven

Segment 1 Segment 2

Walker

Allendale Charter Twp Grand Rapids Segment 3

Wyoming

Kentwood

Holland

17 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 12. Segment 1- I-96 between M-11/Exit 24 and US-131/Exit 31 Chapter 3

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0 Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0 1:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 1:00 AM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM Time of Day

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0 Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0

18 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 13. Segment 2- I-96 between US-131/Exit 31 and I-196/Gerald R Ford Fwy Chapter 3

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0

19 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 14. Segment 3- I-96 between I-196/Gerald R Ford Fwy and M-6/Paul B Henry Fwy Chapter 3

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes 15.0

10.0

5.0

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes 15.0

10.0

5.0

> FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Corridor

Interstate 96: Muskegon, Ottawa, Kent, and Ionia

Interstate 196: Allegan, Ottawa, and Kent

Michigan 6: Ottawa and Kent

US 31: Ottawa, Muskegon, Oceana, and Mason

US 131: Allegan, Kent, Montcalm, Mecosta, and Osceola

22 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 15. Allegan County I-196 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Allegan County I-196 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $700,000

$600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

23 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 16. Ottawa County I-196 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Ottawa County I-196 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $700,000

$600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

24 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 17. Kent County I-196 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Kent County I-196 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $1,800,000

$1,600,000

$1,400,000

$1,200,000

$1,000,000

$800,000

$600,000

$400,000

$200,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 25 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 18. Grand Region I-196 eastbound Chapter 3 I-96/M-37

FULLER AVE/EXIT 79

COLLEGE AVE/EXIT 78

OTTAWA AVE/EXIT 77 US-131 Interchange US-131/EXIT 77

LANE AVE/EXIT 76

LAKE MICHIGAN DR/EXIT 75

MARKET AVE/EXIT 73

I-196-BR/CHICAGO DR/EXIT 72

M-11/WILSON AVE/EXIT 70

CHICAGO DR/EXIT 69 44th Street 44TH ST/EXIT 67 Interchange

32ND AVE/EXIT 62

BYRON RD/EXIT 55

ADAMS ST/EXIT 52

ALLEGAN/OTTAWA COUNTY LINE

M-40/EXIT 49 US-31 US-31/EXIT 44 Interchange

CR-A2/BLUE STAR HWY/EXIT 41

CR-A2/EXIT 36

M-89/EXIT 34

CR-A2/EXIT 30

109TH AVE/EXIT 26

NORTH SHORE DR/EXIT 22 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 Average Speed (mph) EB

4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 26 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 19. Grand Region I-196 westbound Chapter 3 WB

FULLER AVE/EXIT 79

COLLEGE AVE/EXIT 78

OTTAWA AVE/EXIT 77 US-131 Interchange US-131/EXIT 77

LANE AVE/EXIT 76

LAKE MICHIGAN DR/EXIT 75

MARKET AVE/EXIT 73

I-196-BR/CHICAGO DR/EXIT 72

M-11/WILSON AVE/EXIT 70

CHICAGO DR/EXIT 69 44th Street Interchange 44TH ST/EXIT 67

32ND AVE/EXIT 62

BYRON RD/EXIT 55

ADAMS ST/EXIT 52

OTTAWA/ALLEGAN COUNTY LINE

ALLEGAN/OTTAWA COUNTY LINE

M-40/EXIT 49 US-31 Interchange US-31/EXIT 44

CR-A2/BLUE STAR HWY/EXIT 41

CR-A2/EXIT 36

M-89/EXIT 34

CR-A2/EXIT 30

109TH AVE/EXIT 26

NORTH SHORE DR/EXIT 22 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 Average Speed (mph) 4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 27 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Travel Time Reliability

Figure 20. Travel time reliability: I-196 Rockford

Grand Haven

Walker ege Allendale Charter Twp ra a ege 2

Wyoming

Kentwood

ege 1

Holland

28 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 21. Segment 1- I-196 between Ottawa/Allegan County LIne and 32nd Ave/Exit 62 reliability Chapter 3 Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 20.0

18.0

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

Minutes 8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 20.0

18.0

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

Minutes 8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

29 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 22. Segment 2- I-196 from US-131/Exit 77 and 32nd Ave/Exit 62 reliability Chapter 3

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes

15.0

10.0

5.0

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes

15.0

10.0

5.0

30 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 23. Segment 3- I-196 between US-131/Exit 77 and I-96/M-37 reliability Chapter 3

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0

31 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Corridor

Interstate 96: Muskegon, Ottawa, Kent, and Ionia

Interstate 196: Allegan Ottawa, and Kent

Michigan 6: Ottawa and Kent

US 31: Ottawa, Muskegon, Oceana, and Mason

US 131: Allegan, Kent, Montcalm, Mecosta, and Osceola

32 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 24. Kent and Ottawa counties M-6 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Grand Region M-6 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 33 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 25. Grand Region M-6 eastbound Chapter 3 I-96

M-37/Broadmoor Ave SE M-37/BROADMOOR AVE Interchange SE/EXIT 15

KALAMAZOO AVE SE/EXIT 11

US-131 Interchange US-131/EXIT 8

BYRON CENTER AVE SW/EXIT 5

WILSON AVE SW/EXIT 3

8th Ave SW Interchange 8TH AVE SW/EXIT 1

I-196 70 68 66 58 56 54 52 50 48 64 62 60

Average Speed (mph) EB

4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 34 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 26. Grand Region M-6 westbound Chapter 3 WB

I-96

M-37/Broadmoor Ave SE M-37/BROADMOOR AVE Interchange SE/EXIT 15

KALAMAZOO AVE SE/EXIT 11

US-131 Interchange US-131/EXIT 8

BYRON CENTER AVE SW/EXIT 5

WILSON AVE SW/EXIT 3

8th Ave SW Interchange 8TH AVE SW/EXIT 1

I-196 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 Average Speed (mph)

4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 35 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Corridor

Interstate 96: Muskegon, Ottawa, Kent, and Ionia

Interstate 196: Allegan, Ottawa, and Kent

Michigan 6: Ottawa and Kent

US 31: Ottawa, Muskegon, Oceana, and Mason

US 131: Allegan, Kent, Montcalm, Mecosta, and Osceola

36 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 27. Muskegon and Ottawa (70mph Section) counties US-31 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Muskegon & Ottawa County US-31 Corridor (70 mph Section) User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $1,200,000

$1,000,000

$800,000

$600,000

$400,000

$200,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 37 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 28. Oceana County US-31 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Oceana County US-31 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $120,000

$100,000

$80,000

$60,000

$40,000

$20,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 38 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 29. Mason County US-31 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Mason County US-31 Corridor (70 mph section) User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $50,000

$45,000

$40,000

$35,000

$30,000

$25,000

$20,000

$15,000

$10,000

$5,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 39 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 30. Grand Region US-31 northbound Chapter 3 US-10

PERE MARQUETTE HWY

US-31-BR/OCEANA DR

US-31-BR/MONROE RD Polk Rd Interchange POLK RD

SHELBY RD

M-20

WINSTON RD

KENT A ALLEMEIER REST AREA

US-31-BR/CR-B86/FRUITVALE RD

US-31-BR/COLBY RD White Lake Dr Interchange WHITE LAKE DR

M TARIK ATAMAN REST AREA

CR-B23/RUSSELL RD

M-120

US-31-BR

M-46/APPLE AVE

LAKETON AVE

CR-B72/SHERMAN BLVD

AIRLINE RD I-96 Interchange I-96/US-31-BR

HILE RD

STERNBERG RD

PONTALUNA RD

MUSKEGON/OTTAWA COUNTY LINE

OTTAWA/MUSKEGON COUNTY LINE

VAN WAGONER ST 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54

Average Speed (mph) NB

4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 40 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 31. Grand Region US-31 southbound Chapter 3 SB

PERE MARQUETTE HWY

US-31-BR/OCEANA DR

US-31-BR/MONROE RD Polk Rd Interchange POLK RD

SHELBY RD

M-20

WINSTON RD

KENT A ALLEMEIER REST AREA

US-31-BR/CR-B86/FRUITVALE RD

US-31-BR/COLBY RD White Lake Dr Interchange WHITE LAKE DR

M TARIK ATAMAN REST AREA

CR-B23/RUSSELL RD

M-120

US-31-BR

M-46/APPLE AVE

LAKETON AVE

CR-B72/SHERMAN BLVD

AIRLINE RD I-96 Interchange I-96/US-31-BR

HILE RD

STERNBERG RD

PONTALUNA RD

MUSKEGON/OTTAWA COUNTY LINE

OTTAWA/MUSKEGON COUNTY LINE

VAN WAGONER ST

3RD ST 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 Average Speed (mph) 4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 41 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Corridor

Interstate 96: Muskegon, Ottawa, Kent, and Ionia

Interstate 196: Allegan, Ottawa, and Kent

Michigan 6: Ottawa and Kent

US 31: Ottawa, Muskegon, Oceana, and Mason

US 131: Allegan, Kent, Montcalm, Mecosta, and Osceola

42 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 32. Allegan County US-131 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Allegan County US-131 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $1,200,000

$1,000,000

$800,000

$600,000

$400,000

$200,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 43 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 33. Kent County US-131 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Kent County US-131 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $4,500,000

$4,000,000

$3,500,000

$3,000,000

$2,500,000

$2,000,000

$1,500,000

$1,000,000

$500,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 44 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 34. Montcalm County US-131 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Montcalm County US-131 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $120,000

$100,000

$80,000

$60,000

$40,000

$20,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 45 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 35. Mecosta County US-131 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Mecosta County US-131 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $140,000

$120,000

$100,000

$80,000

$60,000

$40,000

$20,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 46 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 36. Osceola County US-131 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 3

MASON LAKE OSCEOLA

OCEANA MECOSTA

NEWAYGO

MUSKEGON MONTCALM

KENT

OTTAWA IONIA

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

Osceola County US-131 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-2015 Average User Delay Cost 2016 User Delay Cost $100,000

$90,000

$80,000

$70,000

$60,000

$50,000

$40,000

$30,000

$20,000

$10,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

47 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 37. Grand Region US-131 northbound Chapter 3 20 MILE RD/EXIT 168 LUTHER RD/EXIT 162 ASHTON RD/EXIT 159 US-10/EXIT 153 CR-B96/19 MILE RD/EXIT 142 US-131-BR/M-20/EXIT 139 BIG RAPIDS REST AREA CR-B88/8 MILE RD/EXIT 131 JEFFERSON RD/EXIT 125 MONTCALM/MECOSTA… M-46 Interchange MORLEY REST AREA M-46/EXIT 120 M-82/EXIT 118 CANNONSVILLE RD/EXIT 114 22 MILE RD/EXIT 110 M-46/EXIT 104 M-57/CR-B72/EXIT 102 10 MILE RD/EXIT 97 POST DR/EXIT 95 RIVER DR/EXIT 91 I-96/M-37/EXIT 89 NORTH I-96/M-37/EXIT 89 SOUTH ANN ST/EXIT 88 Leonard St LEONARD ST/EXIT 87 Interchange I-196/GERALD R FORD… PEARL ST/EXIT 85 MARKET AVE/EXIT 85 WEALTHY ST/EXIT 84 I-196-BR/FRANKLIN ST/EXIT 83 HALL ST/EXIT 83 BURTON ST/EXIT 82 M-11/28TH ST/EXIT 81 36TH ST/EXIT 80 44TH ST/EXIT 79 54TH ST/EXIT 78 68TH ST/EXIT 77 76TH ST/EXIT 76 100th St Interchange 84TH ST/EXIT 74 100TH ST/EXIT 72 KENT/ALLEGAN COUNTY LINE ALLEGAN/KENT COUNTY LINE 142ND AVE/EXIT 68 135TH AVE/EXIT 64 CR-A42/EXIT 61 124TH AVE/EXIT 59 M-222/EXIT 55 106TH AVE/EXIT 50 M-89/EXIT 49 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 Average Speed (mph) NB

4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 48 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 38. Grand Region US-131 southbound

SB Chapter 3

LUTHER RD/EXIT 162 ASHTON RD/EXIT 159 US-10/EXIT 153 CR-B96/19 MILE RD/EXIT 142 US-131-BR/M-20/EXIT 139 BIG RAPIDS REST AREA CR-B88/8 MILE RD/EXIT 131 JEFFERSON RD/EXIT 125 MECOSTA/MONTCALM… MONTCALM/MECOSTA… M-46 Interchange MORLEY REST AREA M-46/EXIT 120 M-82/EXIT 118 CANNONSVILLE RD/EXIT 114 22 MILE RD/EXIT 110 M-46/EXIT 104 M-57/CR-B72/EXIT 102 10 MILE RD/EXIT 97 POST DR/EXIT 95 RIVER DR/EXIT 91 I-96/M-37/EXIT 89 NORTH I-96/M-37/EXIT 89 SOUTH Leonard St Interchange ANN ST/EXIT 88 LEONARD ST/EXIT 87 I-196/GERALD R FORD… PEARL ST/EXIT 85 MARKET AVE/EXIT 85 WEALTHY ST/EXIT 84 I-196-BR/FRANKLIN ST/EXIT 83 HALL ST/EXIT 83 BURTON ST/EXIT 82 M-11/28TH ST/EXIT 81 36TH ST/EXIT 80 44TH ST/EXIT 79 54TH ST/EXIT 78 68TH ST/EXIT 77 76TH ST/EXIT 76 100th St Interchange 84TH ST/EXIT 74 100TH ST/EXIT 72 KENT/ALLEGAN COUNTY LINE 142ND AVE/EXIT 68 135TH AVE/EXIT 64 CR-A42/EXIT 61 124TH AVE/EXIT 59 M-222/EXIT 55 106TH AVE/EXIT 50 M-89/EXIT 49 D AVE/EXIT 44 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 Average Speed (mph)

4 Yr Avg AM Peak 4 Yr Avg PM Peak 2016 AM Peak 2016 PM Peak 49 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Travel Time Reliability

Figure 39. Travel time reliability: US-131

Rockford

Segment 3

Grand Haven

Walker Segment 2

Allendale Charter Twp Grand Rapids

Wyoming Segment 1

Kentwood

Holland

50 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 40. Segment 1- US-131 between 68th St/Exit 77 and I-196/Gerald R Ford Fwy/Exit 86 Chapter 3

Northbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes 15.0

10.0

5.0

Southbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes 15.0

10.0

5.0

51 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 41. Segment 2- US-131 between I-196/Gerald R Ford Fwy/Exit 86 and Chapter 3 I-96/M-37/Exit 89 North

Northbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0 Minutes

4.0

2.0

Southbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0 Minutes

4.0

2.0

Figure 42. Segment 3- US-131 between I-96/M-37/Exit 89 South and M-57/CR-B72/Exit 102 Chapter 3

Northbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes

15.0

10.0

5.0

Southbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes

15.0

10.0

5.0

53 > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 3 Travel Time Reliability

Figure 43. Travel time reliability:Brethren US-131 seasonalHarrietta

Cadillac Falmouth 55 55 Hoxeyville McBain

Irons 115 Marion 31 131 Luther 37 Le Roy

66 Scottville 10 115

Baldwin 10 Reed City 10 Evart Hersey

131 Green Bitely Charter Twp

Hart Brohman Big Rapids

37 31 Segment 1 66 Canadian Hesperia Lakes White Cloud

131

Fremont Lakeview Whitehall Newaygo Edmore Howard City 37

Grant

Sand Lake Stanton 31 Muskegon 46

37 Greenville 66 131 Belding

Walker Allendale Ionia 45 Charter Twp 54 Grand Rapids Saranac Wyoming > FREEWAY CONGESTION & RELIABILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 44. Segment 1- US-131 between I-96 and M-115 Chapter 3

Northbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 120.0

110.0

100.0

90.0

Minutes 80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0 1:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 1:00 AM 1:00 2:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM Time of Day

Southbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 120.0

110.0

100.0

90.0

Minutes 80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0 1:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 1:00 AM 1:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 2:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM Time of Day