Canada’s Arctic as the new Mediterranean Sea
FALL 09 | OCT–DEC
Long Live the Royals
A special Diplomat report on the survival of monarchy
Prince Charles the prescient: 'The ultimate source of capital is Nature's capital'
Jennifer Campbell on the rule of law vs. Chavez Donna Jacobs on cross-border healthcare Pieter Van den Weghe on biodynamic wines Established 1989 CDN $5.95
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The World in Canada
Volume 20, Number 4 PUBLISHER Donna Jacobs ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Neil Reynolds EDITOR Jennifer Campbell Table of ART DIRECTOR Paul Cavanaugh ADVERTISING ADVISOR Cu Van Ha CONTENTS [email protected] 1-613-262-4908 COPY EDITOR Roger Bird BOOKS EDITOR George Fetherling CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Don Cayo CULTURE EDITOR DIPLOMATICA| Margo Roston Column: Reaching for India’s rising star ...... 5 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Pedro Moitinho de Almeida Good Deeds: Earnscliffe’s tent week and other stories ...... 7 Arthur Bousfield Diplomatic Agenda: Portugal’s Security Council bid ...... 8 Margaret Dickenson Fred Donnelly Questions Asked: Chavez and Venezuela’s justice system . . . . .10 Fen Osler Hampson Laura Neilson Bonikowsky Garry Toffoli DISPATCHES| Pieter Van den Weghe CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS Royalty watch Ulle Baum Prince Charles on how to save the world ...... 16 Larry Dickenson Fred Donnelly The state of the monarchy worldwide ...... 21 Sam Garcia Quotes on Canada’s crown ...... 26 Brian Goldschmied Mark Horton Complete listing of the world’s monarchies ...... 28 Victorhea Rivilla Tim Rooke Healthcare Frank Scheme Lois Siegel U.S. clinics filling gaps in Canada’s system ...... 29 Doug Struck Malcolm Taylor Dyanne Wilson Business Management DELIGHTS| Jessie Reynolds Books: An interview with an Arctic author ...... 33 WEBMASTER Books: New in paperback ...... 37 Leslee McCabe DIPLOPORTAL WEB PARTNERS Historica: A 17th-Century lady ahead of her time ...... 39 www.diploportal.com Wine: Biodynamic grapes ...... 40 Alastair Sweeny Richard Evers Entertaining: A turkey-less Thanksgiving ...... 42 (Northern Blue Publishing) Residences: Barbados in Canada ...... 44 PUBLISHER EMERITUS Lezlee Cribb Envoy’s album ...... 46 ADVERTISING INQUIRIES Contact Neil Reynolds or Donna Jacobs [email protected] Dignitaries| [email protected] SUBSCRIPTIONS New arrivals in Ottawa’s diplomatic corps ...... 50 Diplomat & International Canada is published four times a year. Subscription rates: individual, one year $35.70. For Canadian orders add 5 per cent GST. U.S. orders please DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS ...... 53 add $15 for postage. All other orders please add $25. SUBMISSIONS Diplomat & International Canada welcomes submissions. Contact Jennifer Campbell, editor, destinations| at [email protected] or (613) Kew Gardens celebrates a big birthday ...... 62 231-8476. DIPLOMAT & INTERNATIONAL Campobello is an international destination ...... 65 CANADA P.O Box 1173, Station B Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1P 5R2 Phone: (613) 422-5262 Fax: (613) 422-7557 E-mail: [email protected] ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The publisher assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. www.diplomatonline.com No part of this magazine may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the Published by publisher. The views expressed in the articles are those of the authors. © 2007 ISSN 1190-8343 Sparrow House Publication Mail # 40957514. Return undeliverable Canadian copies to: Diplomat Magazine, Enterprises Inc. P.O. Box 1173, Station B, Ottawa, ON K1P 5R2 DIPLOMATICA|EDITOR’S NOTE
Monarchy matters cerpt from the speech CONTRIBUTORS in which he made the oes monarchy seem a quaint and dire prediction that we Arthur Bousfield outdated notion, an irrelevant had 96 months (now Dhistorical remnant? Do you think 93) to save the world. of it mostly as a provider of celebrity For his thoughts on fodder for the tabloids? If this is your im- how to do just that, pression, read on. You may change your jennifer campbell turn to page 16. mind. It turns out that even here in the 21st In an investigation Century, there’s much more to monarchy about healthcare for diplomats, publisher than you might think. At its best, it's is Donna Jacobs found out that some dip- an enduring institution that preserves lomats go south of the border to Ogdens- and perpetuates a country’s sense of its burg for their care. And, they’re joined cultural and historical heritage. And, as by Ottawans who don’t want to wait the our royal writers, Arthur Bousfield and days, weeks and months it can take to get Arthur Bousfield is vice-chairman of Garry Toffoli, tell us in this special issue non-emergency services in the capital. The Canadian Royal Heritage Trust. of Diplomat, monarchy is a universal phe- In our books section, George Fetherling The Toronto-based writer is co-author nomenon that transcends race, religion interviews Arctic expert Michael Byers. Dr. of Lives of the Princesses of Wales; the and economic philosophies. Byers covers everything from ownership popular Royal Observations; bestseller, In our cover story, Mssrs. Bousfield of the Northwest Passage to the current The Queen Mother and Her Century; Fifty and Toffoli determine there are exactly 45 government’s inadequate policy and vi- Years the Queen; and Queen and Consort. monarchies in the world. The monarchies sion for the North. He co-edited Now You Know Royalty come in various forms – from queens and Culture editor, Margo Roston, drops and recently edited In Defence of Monar- kings, sultans and emirs, to the Pope. And in on Barbados High Commissioner Ev- chy, pieces from Monarchy Canada maga- their kingdoms range in size from the em- elyn Greaves and his wife, Francilia, while zine 1975-2002, scheduled to appear pire of Japan (with 127 million subjects) to wine writer, Pieter Van den Weghe, delves in October. Born in Peterborough of that of the Pope (with 826 subjects). into biodynamic wines. Food writer Mar- English and Anglo-Irish background, But before we examine the state of garet Dickenson, whose retired diplomat he has a master’s in modern history monarchy around the world, we kick off husband isn’t a fan of turkey, offers an from the University of Toronto. our cover package with the remarkable alternative to the festive bird for your musings of the world’s most celebrated Thanksgiving table. prince, Charles, Prince of Wales. In July, Up front, we have a column by Fen Garry Toffoli when he delivered the Richard Dimbleby Hampson, director of the Norman Pat- lecture (founded more than 20 years ago erson School of International Affairs. A to honour a famous British journalist well-known commentator and expert in and broadcaster), Prince Charles lauded all things international, he argues that civilization’s progress since the indus- Canada must re-engage with India, and trial revolution and noted the unprec- suggests it will take some doing to re- edented prosperity, increased life spans, turn to the heyday of the Canada-India widespread universal education and relationship which peaked in the ’50s and better healthcare that has occurred. But ’60s. he bemoaned the “debits” that all these Also up front, Portuguese Ambassador advantages have created: “We, in the Pedro Luis Baptista Moitinho De Almeida industrialized world, have increased our makes his pitch for why his country Garry Toffoli has co-authored, edited consumption of the Earth’s resources in should be chosen for a seat on the United or contributed to 13 books and one the last 30 years to such an extent that, as a Nations Security Council. theatrical show on royal and Canadian result, our collective demands on nature’s I hope you enjoy our autumn issue and history. He’s written for magazines capacity for renewal are being exceeded our hats-off to the monarchs who continue in Canada, the United Kingdom and annually by some 25 per cent.” We ex- to reign. France, and is a television and radio commentator and a lecturer. He has a political science degree from York University, is a partner in Monarchy UP FRONT Canada Productions, executive direc- Our cover subject – Prince Charles, the Prince tor of The Canadian Royal Heritage of Wales – is heir to the throne of the Common- Institute and an administrator for the wealth Realms and, in his current position, is one Churchill Society for the Advancement of the most outspoken and conscience-driven of of Parliamentary Democracy. A native the royals in the United Kingdom. He’s shown Torontonian, he is descended from here, in an image from the Press Association/ 20th-Century Italian immigrants and Canadian Press, at a reception for his Affordable 19th-Century British settlers. Rural Housing Initiative, at Clarence House, St. James's, London.
4 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC discourse|DIPLOMATICA
India's rising star
fen hAmpson
long with China, India is now recognized as a major, global Aeconomic player. Its growth rates have consistently hovered in the nine per- cent range in recent years. Poverty is be- ing reduced as the ranks of India’s middle class, the largest in the developing world, swell. By one reliable, if conservative, esti- When it comes to economic growth, India (its bustling city of Mumbai pictured above) is now discussed in the same glowing terms as China but India is seen as a more “benign behemoth,” Mr. Hampson argues. mate, 50 million people or five percent of Indians are now defined as middle class – earning between $5,000 and $22,500 India is now discussed in the same with neighbouring Pakistan, which is also yearly. By 2025, middle-class Indians are glowing terms as China. However, if a Western ally, is problematic for friends of projected to number nearly 600 million, China is Jupiter in this new constella- both countries and worrying because both or 41 percent of the population. Other tion of global powers — an economic have nuclear weapons. estimates, based on purchasing power, and military powerhouse that inspires a With India’s ascension as a major say the middle class already numbers be- combination of admiration, awe, and ap- global power, Canada has begun to tween 200 and 400 million. prehension — India is surely Saturn (or re-examine the foundations of its own Although India faces continuing prob- its Hindu equivalent, Shani), ostensibly a relationship. Since India achieved its lems of corruption, mismanagement, more benign and just behemoth. India’s independence in 1947, our relationship excessive bureaucracy and red tape, its phenomenal economic growth in recent has experienced many sudden twists and services and industrial sectors are doing years is complemented by its longstanding hard turns from one of partnership and extremely well, propelling the country’s powers of attraction, not only as a beacon close collaboration in the 1950s and 1960s, impressive economic performance and of democracy as the world’s biggest and to estrangement followed by chilly indif- attracting growing levels of foreign direct noisiest, but also because of its extraordi- ference in 1970s and 1980s, to one now investment (although India still lags be- nary culture, history, art and architecture of tempered re-engagement and renewed hind China). The healthy state of India’s which have long held a special fascination promise beginning in the 1990s. foreign exchange reserves, its booming to Westerners. India’s “soft power” allure In the early days of India’s indepen- real estate market, its strong internal con- also extends to politics. Soft power’s more dence, our cooperative relationship was sumer demand – all signs that India is on successful champion was Mahatma Gan- driven by optimism and a keen sense of the move – have helped it to weather the dhi, who led India’s non-violent resistance achievement. Under the Colombo Plan, a recent global downturn and financial crisis movement against British colonial rule British Commonwealth initiative which better than most. during the first half of the last century – a was formally launched in 1951, India was The national government’s structural movement that rapidly gained a world- a top recipient of Canadian development transformations of the economy and mar- wide following. assistance. Although India was one of the ket reforms are the main reason for this India is now viewed as a strategic part- leaders of the non-aligned group of na- boom. So, too, is the country’s remarkable ner of the West and a key ally in combating tions and Canada a member of NATO, our political stability, which was underscored terrorism and religious extremism, arrest- positions and interests were aligned on the by the country’s recent federal election. It ing the further spread of nuclear weapons Korean War armistice, the Suez Crisis, the delivered a strong majority to the United and ensuring the security of oil and gas Congo crisis, nuclear disarmament and the Progressive Alliance coalition led by the shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean. India International Commission for Supervision National Congress Party, and saw the is also using its blue water navy to help and Control in Vietnam. world’s biggest electorate, an astounding with anti-piracy operations around the However, relations between our two 714 million, go to the polls. On May 22, Horn of Africa and the Strait of Malacca, countries rapidly deteriorated following Manmohan Singh was sworn in as prime the main shipping channel between the India’s “Smiling Buddha” test of a nuclear minister, only the second time in history Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. device in May 1974. Canada felt betrayed that an Indian prime minister had been re- Many see India as a useful counter- that India had used fissionable mate- elected after successfully completing a five- weight to China’s own growing power rial from a nuclear research reactor that year term. The only other leader to achieve and influence in the Asia-Pacific region. Canada had supplied to India. All bilateral this feat was Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962. But India’s tense and fragile relationship nuclear ties were severed in 1976 and our
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 5 DIPLOMATICA|discourse
overall relationship suffered. Some bilat- eral assistance programs were suspended and we found we had little common cause as India’s foreign policy became increas- ingly strident, shrill and anti-Western. In the 1990s, Indo-Canadian relations thawed as India abandoned its long- standing socialist approach to economic development and the Cold War — and the rivalries and jockeying that went with it — ended. In 1996, Prime Minister Jean Chre- tien launched one of his much-vaunted, high-profile trade missions to India. In Offering Exclusive 1997, India and Canada established a joint working group on counter-terrorism. New Rates For Diplomat- s consulates were opened in the states of Punjab and Haryana. A state visit by Cana- At Accu-Rate Corporation our For your personal da’s governor general, Romeo LeBlanc, fol- team of highly experienced currency consultation please call: lowed in 1998. India’s nuclear test in 1998, traders and foreign banking partners Marie Boivin however, set back relations yet again. allow us to negotiate currency prices Managing Director Following Washington’s own strategic lower than any other currency dealer 613-596-5505 ext. 101 dialogue with India, which culminated or commercial institution. [email protected] in a nuclear agreement in 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper raised the level of Canada’s engagement with India. India and Canada have launched exploratory Accu-Rate Corporation World Exchange Plaza Accu-Rate Corporation talks toward a comprehensive economic 2573 Carling Ave. 111 Albert St. partnership agreement. Efforts are also Foreign Exchange & International Payment Services www.accu-rate.ca (613) 596-5505 (613) 238-8454 underway to implement the provisions of the Canadian-India Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement signed in 2007. Canada has opened up new trade offices in the Indian cities of Hyderabad and Ahmedabad to further promote trade and investment. How- ever, cooperation is still tempered by the nuclear issue and Canada’s unwillingness to deal with India on nuclear matters be- cause it is a not a member of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty regime nor has it signed the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Although Canada is keen to finalize a nuclear cooperation agreement with India that would give Canadian com- panies access to India’s nuclear energy VERNINI market, many hurdles remain. Like the Cheshire cat, the legacy of Smiling Bud- JDBD dha has not completely faded. It will take leadership and height- ened commitment by both countries to recapture that heady spirit of optimism, VERSACE CLASSIC & J.C. VERNINI friendship and trust that marked our re- SIGNUM SHIRTS ONE LOCATION lationship in the 1950s and 1960s. India’s MADE TO MEASURE AVAILABLE stunning economic performance is a TINO COSMA catalyst for action. So, too, is the remark- CERRUTI able success of this giant star of liberal 613 746 3452 democracy. ALBERTO ST. LAURENT AND MORE SHOPPING CENTRE Fen Osler Hampson is Chancellor’s profes- sor and director of the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University.
6 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC Good deeds|DIPLOMATICA
Hamlet-ing it up for charity
ach summer, the British High Commissioner sets up a huge tent Ein the garden at Earnscliffe and entertains guests for a solid week while helping to raise money for charities and cultural groups in Ottawa. And this year, High Commissioner Anthony Cary was, perhaps, a little more entertaining than usual. When making remarks at the straw- berry social in support of Third Wall Theatre, Mr. Cary took off his tie, then his pants, to reveal a pair of his wife’s black tights. And then he proceeded, with high drama, to deliver the “to be or not to be” soliloquy from Hamlet. “The biggest thing for us was having Anthony Cary do a performance,” Third Wall artistic director James Richardson said. “A lot of people wanted to come for that reason. It was quite hilarious.” frank scheme Mr. Cary, who’s had cameo roles in the British High Commissioner Anthony Cary delivers a Hamlet soliloquy in thespian tights after stripping off company’s productions, assessed the dam- his pants at a garden party he was hosting in support of Third Wall Theatre. age thus: “All I can say is that I will need to behave in very sober way for the next SOS Children’s Villages also had a played for the 300 ticket holders and the year or so to restore my reputation as a fundraiser – a jewelry sale called “talent in event raised $26,000 for the symphony’s serious representative.” the tent.” It included the work of 12 artists new season. The Third Wall event – which featured and raised $5,000 for the charity which “It is a privilege to offer our grounds strawberries and cream, strawberry short- raises orphaned and abandoned children to deserving charities, and to make a cake and strawberry-infused champagne – and helps poor families care for their off- contribution to their costs,” Mr. Cary said. raised $6,000 for the Ottawa theatre group. spring. “Once we have the tent up, we try to make Also a beneficiary of “tent week” – a On yet another evening, the Ottawa as much use as we can of it over the week. longstanding Earnscliffe effort in public Symphony Orchestra was on the receiv- June can be a tricky month for rain, and diplomacy – was Cornerstone Women’s ing end of proceeds. The Carys hosted we obviously have to settle the dates a Shelter, which had a garden party and the symphony’s annual Fête Champêtre, long way ahead, so it is always a bit of a fashion show featuring clothing by Jeffer- which is staged each year by a different lottery, but on the whole, we were lucky son Sukhoo. It raised a record $20,500. mission. Six members of the orchestra this year.”
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d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 7 DIPLOMATICA|diplomatic agenda
Why Portugal needs a Security Council seat
Charter is also seen in be undertaken in the context of bringing our significant par- closer different countries and cultures, FIRST NAME: Pedro ticipation in United which is fundamental at a time when there Nations peacekeep- is a growing need for a consistent dialogue NAME: Moitinho de LAST ing operations. In- between civilizations. Almeida deed, we make a Our role in the EU-Africa Summit, CITIZENSHIP: Portuguese bigger contribution under the Portuguese presidency of the AS than many of our EU; and our role in the Presidency of the PRESENTED CREDENTIALS partners, especially Community of Democracies as well as our Jan. 21, 2009 AMBASSADOR: when you consider future presidency of the Ibero-American the relatively small Summit, are all emblematic of our endur- size and wealth of ing goal of deepening dialogue between our country. One nations. can see this effort in action today in current missions in Lebanon, East Timor, Kosovo, the Central s well stated by Portuguese African Republic and Chad. President Anibal Antonio Ca- If given the chance to serve on the Avaco Silva, in his address to the Security Council, Portugal’s priorities the 63rd Session of the United Nations would be the fight against three equally General Assembly, the essence of the destructive realities: terrorism, hunger and Portuguese candidacy is one of “Shared extreme poverty. The Millennium Devel- Responsibility, Common Destiny.” opment Goals have Portugal’s firm sup- The guarantee of peace, security and port, as does the creation of a high-level sustainable development is, indeed, a working group on the global food crisis. shared responsibility. The global chal- We are also honoured to be the driving lenges faced by the world today imply force behind the optional protocol to the a collective responsibility, and Portugal international covenant on economic, social sees the United Nations as the forum best and cultural rights, a landmark in the pro- suited for that collective effort. In a glo- motion of human rights. balized world, only strong multilateral By its geographical location, cul- institutions can promote the fundamental tural legacy and vocation, Portugal has, values of peace, democracy, human rights throughout its history, fulfilled an indis- and sustainable development. putable role in bringing closer the various Since its admission as a member of regions of the world. This role is shown the United Nations in 1955, Portugal has today by Portugal’s active participation in consistently supported and promoted the several regional and trans-regional orga- principles and objectives of the United nizations, not only in the United Nations Nations Charter – effective multilateralism system and its agencies, but also in, for and the primacy of the UN in international example, the European Union, the Com- politics. munity of Portuguese Language Speaking The strong commitment of Portugal as Countries (CPLP), the Ibero-American a member of the United Nations is well Conference, the Community of Democra- defined by its efforts to secure self-deter- cies, the Council of Europe, the North mination for East Timor. In that situation, Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the I had the privilege to participate directly Organization for Security and Co-opera- as head of the Portuguese mission, from tion in Europe (OSCE), the Organization U N P H OTO June 2000 until Independence Day on May for Economic Co-operation and Develop- Portuguese President Anibal Antonio Cavaco Silva 20, 2002. This endeavour stands as a clear ment (OECD), the Organization of Ameri- spoke to the United Nations General Assembly about the Portuguese candidacy for a seat on the demonstration of Portugal’s steady and can States (as a permanent observer), the Security Council. coherent commitment to the preservation Union for the Mediterranean (Barcelona of international peace and security, the Process), the Co-operation Process in the peaceful resolution of conflicts, the protec- Western Mediterranean (“Dialogue 5+5”) An effective multilateralism cannot be tion of human rights and the promotion of and the Mediterranean Forum. achieved if the necessary means are not sustainable development. The Portuguese presence in the Secu- ensured. We believe the clarity of man- Our strong commitment to the UN rity Council in 2011-2012 would, therefore, dates, the reform of working methods, and
8 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC diplomatic agenda|DIPLOMATICA
the effective fulfilment of the declarations on human rights already approved, are all necessary for greater representation and transparency in the United Nations. By presenting this candidacy, Portugal is defending a more secure, more peace- ful, better developed and fairer world. We intend to contribute constructively and pragmatically to the collective effort needed to overcome the challenges faced by the United Nations. The organization must demand more respect for human rights; it must combat nuclear prolif- eration, solve regional conflicts, fulfill the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, address climate change and pursue United Nations reform, to turn itself into a more transparent and effective organization. Portugal’s independence and equity in dealing with geo-strategic issues is strengthened by a well-known moderation in assessing and dealing with international issues and that positively differentiates our candidature. As demonstrated during our previous mandates on the UN Security Council, Portugal will continuously strive to contribute to the pursuit of consensual and balanced solutions, respectful of the principles and goals of the United Nations Charter. Portugal has always supported the view that all states should have the chance to be represented on the Security Council, on a fair and balanced rotation. We also consider the presence of medium-sized Do you know what your countries, such as Portugal, fundamental daughter can do when to maintain balance and ensure broader she puts her mind to it? representation in all the decisions. In the 62 years since the UN was founded, Por- tugal has only twice been on the council, Let’s fi nd out. most recently in 1997-1998. (Editor's note: By comparison, Canada has been a mem- When you look around Elmwood, you’ll ber six times, most recently in 1999-2000 see girls who are engaged in learning, while Germany has been a member four confi dent in their abilities and comfortable expressing themselves. Girls who are times, most recently in 2003-2004.) leaders, both at school and in the Securing a seat as a non-permanent community outside our doors. And girls member of the Security Council is an ar- who continually outperform academically, duous task, especially when facing such especially in math and science. Quite worthy opponents, both with long and simply, they excel. You’ll also see teachers well-known traditions in the collective who understand and respond to the way body of the United Nations, in addition girls learn, are sensitive to the unique to other regional and multilateral forums. needs of individuals and are invested Each country brings its own contribution in the success of every Elmwood girl. based on its accumulated experience and I am certain that, regardless of the result, To fi nd out what your daughter could become with an Elmwood education, each of us will diligently pursue, together, please visit elmwood.ca the best solutions for the fulfilment of our “common destiny.” As ambassador of Portugal to Canada, I would like to see both our countries rep- resented in the UN Security Council in the 2011-2012 term.
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 9 DIPLOMATICA|QUESTIONS Asked
Robert Amsterdam, lawyer, versus Hugo Chavez
Venezuelan president is now “the prototypical Latin dictator” ams t erdam.c o m t o ber www.r
Robert Amsterdam is an Ottawa-born lawyer who takes on governments all over the world. He’s just published a white paper that exposes corruption in the justice system in Venezuela.
Robert Amsterdam is an international and yet – despite of 35 attempts to have Diplomat magazine: Tell me about your lawyer who practises (among other things) him released – he remains behind bars. work. You are from Ottawa, correct? international commercial and political dis- Ostensibly indicted for embezzling RA: Yes. I went to Woodroffe High School putes. In the last decade, he has spent much Venezuelan currency, Mr. Cedeno has and Carleton University. I did my law of his time contesting cases either where vigorously denied the criminal accusa- degree at Queen’s. assets have been arbitrarily seized by gov- tion. Mr. Amsterdam and two Venezuelan ernments or where individuals have been lawyers also working on the case say he’s DM: How did you end up in Europe? wrongly imprisoned as a pretext for “the in jail because he wronged President Hugo RA: I practised 24 years from Toronto theft of assets.” For example, he has repre- Chavez by supporting the president’s politi- and then moved (to London, England) sented the opposition leader in Singapore cal opponents. In his frequent travels to in 2004 because my work in Russia was (who faces nine trials for illegal marches), Caracas, Mr. Amsterdam has been told that overwhelming. My Russian work contin- two political leaders in Nigeria, the secre- he is a target of the government and both ues but now we’re doing more in Africa tary general of the PAN party of Guatemala Venezuelan lawyers (who co-wrote the and Europe. While we still work in Latin and the imprisoned Russian oligarch Mikhail white paper) face long-standing charges of America, (working from) London makes Khodorkovsky. treason. “They’re old charges that Chavez it a little easier. Mr. Amsterdam recently released a keeps on the books,” Mr. Amsterdam says, white paper entitled “The Bolivarian Rule “so these men know that they can be taken DM: Your white paper says the rule of of Lawlessness” which features the case of any morning. They have immense courage.” law is a casualty of Venezuelan President Eligio Cedeno, a Venezuelan banker who Diplomat’s editor, Jennifer Campbell, Hugo Chavez’s so-called Bolivarian has been incarcerated without trial for 30 interviewed Mr. Amsterdam about his legal Revolution. Can you explain that in a months. In February, he completed the max- crusades across the globe with his firm, nutshell? imum allowable term for pre-trial detention Amsterdam & Peroff. RA: I was first in Caracas in 2001, work-
10 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC QUESTIONS Asked|DIPLOMATICA
ing as a lawyer for a Canadian company, It’s the whole tie-in between the prosecu- DM: Your list of accusations – slander, the Four Seasons hotel chain. It was an tors, the state – there’s not even a hint of a false charges, pliant judges, illegal pre- arbitration of a property dispute. I actu- separation of power. It is with separation trial detention, process violations, ma- ally went into the Venezuelan courts of power that you get the ability to taste nipulation of evidence, torture – makes it quite sympathetic to Chavez and his freedom. sound Kafkaesque. message, (which was) a very inclusive message. When I returned to Venezuela last year, retained by Eligio Cedeno, I Besfobmjof!pg!epxoupxo/!Tfsfojuz!pg!b!tvjuf/ was quite shocked by the betrayal of the revolution. This man who had preached inclusiveness had turned into a despot. ¦!!Epxoupxo!mpdbujpo-!dmptf!up!tipqt!'!buusbdujpot! Chavez is a first-degree artist of what ¦!!Tqbdjpvt!tvjuft!xjui!gvmm!ljudifot-!fotvjuf!mbvoesz! we call now “competitive authoritarian- ¦!!Gjuoftt!dfousf!xjui!joepps!qppm-!fyfsdjtf!sppn! ism.” He holds elections which are rigged ¦!!Dpnqmjnfoubsz!35.ipvs!cvtjoftt!dfousf ¦!!Gsff!mpdbm!dbmmt!'!xjsfmftt!ijhi.tqffe!Joufsofu – not necessarily in the sense of having ballots stuffed but rigged because he Jefbm!gps!tipsu!boe!mpoh!ufsn!tubzt" controls the state organs. He uses a mas- sive blacklist that has impacted the lives of millions of potential opponents. He gerrymanders the system so that he es- Sftfswf!po.mjof;!xxx/mft.tvjuft/dpn!!0!!!241!Cfttfsfs!Tusffu!¦!724.343.3111!¦!2.911.378.2:9:!!! sentially now has a one-party state where he’s largely ruling by decree (which is) rubber-stamped by a legislature (domi- nated by) his own party. He’s attacking industry after industry. He has dozens of political prisoners outside of Cedeno. He brutalizes, with violence, his opponents – whether they’re young students or they’re political opponents. In almost every sense, he’s become the prototypical Latin dicta- tor that he denounced as a younger man.
DM: Can you talk about the legal system in particular? RA: We have a blog where you can see the testimony of a judge, Judge Yuri Lopez, who had the temerity to grant a motion brought by Cedeno. She did this in spite of being threatened by the Chavistas. When she didn’t comply, they attempted to kidnap her child. More recently, there’s been another judge, in another case, who complained about brutal treatment when she wasn’t prepared to follow the Chavista line on a political case. [Chavez] is shaking down Venezuelan judges. There’s not much of a [career] for judges who don’t comply. Essentially there’s no tenure for judges and prosecu- tors in Venezuela. If they’re not willing to toe the political line, they simply lose their jobs. In fairness, I want to say that, during my [earlier] involvement in Venezuelan courts, there was corruption. I don’t want to say they weren’t corrupt before. The difference is that in a strange way, corruption of a judge in a non-political case is far less intimidating than the over- all control of the entire machinery that Chavez has. It isn’t just a civil issue. It’s a matter of your freedom. It’s a matter of the willingness of the state to invent charges.
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 11 DIPLOMATICA|Questions asked
RA: To be honest with you, I deal with We’ve had assets He made his way from nothing to become these cases all the time. It is becoming a successful banker. When a number of almost standard fare, not only in Ven- snatched from major his close friends who ended up being in ezuela, but Russia and Kazakhstan. We the opposition were jailed or threatened see the torture, the televised confessions Canadian companies with jail, he was alleged to have helped of torture victims in Iran. It’s the 21st them and their families. We believe, and Century but the show trials of 80 years and it represents a hell of course everything is opaque, but we ago are ever more relevant because, believe that’s one of the major reasons frankly, we’ve lost so much of the moral of a security threat. Chavez sees him as an enemy. He’s seen high ground with the war on terror. We Venezuela is a huge as an opponent. have, in many countries, a willingness to close our eyes because of the desperation purchaser of arms from DM: And you allege he’s being detained around hydrocarbons. Resource national- on trumped-up charges? ism has been a real death knell for due Russia – they purchase RA: Trumped up charges, yes. This is not process. your standard rich guy on the other end We have very few governments that more than China does. of charges. This guy was beneath the un- will say or do anything about it. You derclass. He’s been in jail for 30 months. know, Prime Minister (Stephen) Harper They’ve seized a lot of gets criticized but his government is one DM: Is there any international recourse iron-ore assets and of the few that’s made any sort of a stand for him? RA: about any of these issues. It’s just amazing they’re turning them Yes. There’s the (United Nations) and how human rights, business rights and we’ve already made application to the consular rights have all been impacted by over to a consortium of working group on arbitrary detention. this dramatic shift since the war on terror And, beyond that, there’s other recourse and how much ground we’ve lost. Russian companies. we may take but I can’t go into details yet. We are going to ask the Canadian DM: Eligio Cedeno is just one of the many government. We know Canada is regu- cases you’ve worked on. Since it’s con- Venezuelan who made his way up from larly sending ministers to the region and tinuing, can you give us a synopsis of it? beneath the ghetto – he had to share a we want these cases raised. We’ll ask ev- RA: Sure. Cedeno is a very dynamic Afro- shirt with his brother, I mean, dirt poor. ery government possible.
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One of the things we have to under- The problem is that in so not sure whether your children are go- stand is that for every Cedeno, there is a ing to be kidnapped, where the poorest prospect of a Canadian being wrongly put many ways, chavez hasn’t have to engage in bribery in order to behind bars. We’re seeing this more and obtain healthcare. Explain how the level more. The rule of law is everyone’s busi- shown a tremendous of inequality in Venezuela has actually ness in every country that’s relevant to increased under Chavez’s reign. With us and Venezuela is very relevant. We’ve willingness to go back many of these countries, I really do wel- had assets snatched from major Cana- come people to do what I do – smell the dian companies and it represents a hell on what many believe jails and take a real look. of a security threat. Venezuela is a huge has been a pre-ordained purchaser of arms from Russia – they DM: If you had a chance to meet Hugo purchase more than China does. They’ve plan to move Venezuela Chavez, what would you say to him? seized a lot of iron-ore assets and they’re RA: Boy, that’s a good question. Repent turning them over to a consortium of Rus- toward a near- and come to Jesus. (Laughs.) Um, I sian companies. There’s a lot of stuff going would tell him he’s let a lot of people on there. They have a very close relation- Communist state. The down. The problem is that in so many ship with Iran and Hezbollah. These are ways, he hasn’t shown a tremendous things that Canadians need to have on major thing defeating willingness to go back on what many their radar screens. believe has been a pre-ordained plan to that is the incredible move Venezuela toward a near-Commu- DM: And what do you say to those who corruption – which is on nist state. The major thing defeating that contend Chavez was democratically is the incredible corruption – which is on elected? par with both Russia and par with both Russia and Bangladesh. RA: To all these people who say he was This means that even when you’re trying democratically elected, I invite them to Bangladesh. to steal things, you can’t really effectively spend a week in Caracas and enjoy the do it. democracy. To the Sean Penns of the One of things about the Chavez regime world, who want to vouch for this guy, in the world where there are about 100 is that it’s incredibly fragile because cor- let them talk to me after they’ve spent murders every weekend. And let them ruption hollows out political systems. I a Morguardweek in one Sparks of the Horizon most violent Ad 12.0 cities 6/3/09 tell me 11:15 what AM democracy Page 1 is when you’re see this in Russia all the time. When we
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talk about authoritarianism and corrup- tion, the underlying issue is incompetence of management. When so much of the power is personal, it leads to incompe- tence and the inability to make decisions. There’s no accountability and the only guy who matters is at the top. One of the things about the people I represent is that they’re trying to clear their names while not engaging in that. They want to do it legally and properly.
DM: When you’re dealing with these regimes, you must find your work frus- trating. RA: It is. But if you finally get a guy home, it feels very good. We do a lot of other cases, other litigation, so it’s not a steady diet. I really honour human rights lawyers who do it full time because I tell you, it’s a killing thing.
DM: Does the frustration translate to high rates of suicide? RA: Yes, both of clients and lawyers. In my Russian case, two good friends of mine have been murdered in the last three years.
DM: What was their role? RA: One of them was a journalist. Her name was (Anna) Politkovskaya, one of them was a lawyer, his name was (Stan- islav) Markelov. One of my colleagues, EXPERIENCE NORTH AMERICA’S TOP RANKING HILTON HOTEL they put mercury in her car. The two lawyers in Venezuela who wrote this THE HILTON LAC-LEAMY (White Paper) with me are both facing charges – treason charges. They’re open The ultimate Five-Star hotel in greater Gatineau-Ottawa charges from years ago. Chavez has them open on the books so that these men know that any morning, they could The ideal location to celebrate your special event be charged.
',\kdYj_edheecijeWYYecceZWj[]hekfi DM: What’s next for you? e\'&#'",&&f[hiedi RA: Well, we’d like to free Mr. Cedeno. We practise both in Toronto and London H[Y[fj_edi and we continue to do the same type of =WbWi work. The political nature of the work is rewarding in the sense that these are DWj_edWb:Wo9[b[XhWj_edi meaningful cases that impact people in a serious way. And there is this ever- growing danger of these authoritarian Only minutes from Parliament Hill states that we’re fighting and you can’t Free outdoor parking help but feel that you’re doing something when you are taking these states on. We run the blog and spend a lot of time writing about these cases and Russia in 819 790.6471 particular. (www.robertamsterdam.com) [email protected] We came up with it when the Russians 1, boulevard du Casino, Gatineau, QC threw me out. We do 30,000 to 40,000 CASINO-DU-LAC-LEAMY.COM page views a day. We started one on Ven- ezuela as well.
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16 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC Monarchy|Di spatches
Conscientious Capitalist Prince Charles warns the world against living high off nature’s plundered bounty
harles, the Prince of Wales, with his wife, Camilla, the Duchess of Cornwall, will travel across Canada in November. They’ll visit Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia. Traveling is an important, if not principal, part of his daily life as heir to the Commonwealth Realms and as the future monarch of two billion people who live in the Commonwealth countries. Since he was a teenager, the most outspoken and cause-driven of the British princes has increasingly questioned the modern world’s disturbing disconnect from the natural world and from traditional knowledge and practice. The BBC, which shadowed him for a year before his 60th birthday in 2008, produced “The Passion- ate Prince,” a rare, remarkably intimate look at the activist prince. A journalist noted the prince’s often Ccontroversial – some would say prescient – views. Was the prince engaged more urgently, he asked, before the constraints of kingship curb his words? Prince Charles smiled, and didn’t disagree. Below is an edited version of the Richard Dimbleby Lecture, which he delivered in July.
By Prince Charles, Prince of Wales
A 17-year-old Prince of Wales ascended his new fleet was putting too much strain keeping the Earth’s natural capital intact the throne to become King Henry the on the natural supply of wood, particu- and sustaining humanity on its renewable Eighth exactly 500 years ago this year. It larly oak, and if something was not done, income. was Henry who commissioned the build- the country would run out of timber. And It is this knowledge that I fear we have ing of St. James’s Palace – exhibiting an so, in 1543, he created a law, “the Preserva- lost in our rush to pursue unlimited eco- interest in architecture that may possibly tion of Woods,” which stated that if any nomic growth and material wealth – a loss be hereditary. But towards the end of his number of mature oak trees was cut down, that was never more rapid than during the reign, he also showed an interest in sus- twelve had to be left standing in the same 1960s and at that time a frenzy of change tainability. Perhaps it is not so well known acre, and none could be touched until each swept the world in the wave of post-war that Henry instigated the very first piece of them was of a certain maturity. It was modernism. There was an eagerness to ke
Roo of green legislation in this country. a simple and rather elegant piece of long- embark upon a new age of radical experi- In ordering the building of a great term thinking. mentation in every area of human experi-
ress / Tim many ships, Henry effectively founded the What was instinctively understood ence which caused many traditional ideas p Royal Navy. But shipbuilding needed vast by many in King Henry’s time was the to be discarded in a fit of uncontrollable amounts of wood and there came a mo- importance of working with the grain of enthusiasm – ideas that will always be of ment when Henry realized that creating nature to maintain the balance between timeless value for every generation con- res / canadian tu ea F ex R d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 17 Di spatches|Monarchy
fronting the realities of life on this Earth. and a perception of things that had devel- already gone up by seventy per cent in the Now, I remember it only too well – and oped before we realized the consequences last half century. even as a teenager I felt deeply about what of our actions. Since the 1950s, we have also reduced seemed to me a dangerously short-sighted We know, for example, that already the the size of the world’s rainforests by a approach, whether in terms of the built or thickness of the Arctic sea ice has reduced third and we continue to do so at the rate natural environment, agriculture, health- of an area the size of a football pitch every care or education. In all cases, we were four seconds. And, as the trees fall, we losing something of vital importance; we irretrievably lose species of plants and were disconnecting ourselves from the animals that may well prove essential to wealth of traditional knowledge that had our survival. Hugging the equator, these guided countless generations to under- rainforests are literally – literally – the stand the significance of nature’s processes planet’s lifebelt. The Amazonian forests and cyclical economy. alone release 20 billion tonnes of water In the 30 years or so that I have been vapour into the air every day. This keeps attempting to understand and address the climate cool and makes rain that falls (these) many related problems, I have over vast areas of farmland. The trees also tried to dig deep and ask myself what it is store colossal amounts of carbon, so their in our general attitude to the world that is destruction releases yet more CO2 into the ultimately at fault? In doing so, of course, atmosphere – more than the entire global it must have appeared as though I was just transport sector. So we depend upon them flitting from one subject to another – from for our water, our food and the stability of agriculture to architecture, from education our climate. The myriad, invisible func- to healthcare – but I was merely trying to tions performed by these threatened eco- point out where the imbalance was most systems, operating in all their harmonious acute; where the essential unity of things, complexity, are a central element in the as reflected in nature, was being danger- Earth’s life-support system and yet we ig- ously fragmented and deconstructed. The nore the fact that without them we cannot question that should surely keep us all survive – both physically and spiritually, awake at nights, as it still does me, is what King Henry the VIII instigated Britain’s first piece of for, with the rampant removal of biodi- happens if you go on deconstructing? And green legislation back in 1543. versity in all its forms, we also destroy the I fear the answer is all too plain. We sum- reflection of nature’s miraculous balance mon up more and more chaos. within ourselves. Since the 1950s, we have Of course, we have achieved extraor- We show the same scant regard for the dinary prosperity since the advent of the also reduced the size of thin and fragile layer of top soil that grows Industrial Revolution. People live longer, most of our food. A recent (United Na- have access to universal education, better the world’s rainforests by tions) report presented the very gloomy healthcare and the promise of pensions. a third and we continue news that in just the last 50 years, our We also have more leisure time, oppor- heavily industrialized, chemically-based tunities to travel – the list is endless. But to do so at the rate of an farming techniques have so far managed on the debit side, we in the industrialized to degrade to different degrees a third of world have increased our consumption of area the size of a football the world’s agricultural soil. I could go on, the Earth’s resources in the last 30 years pitch every four seconds. but wherever you care to look, our indus- to such an extent that, as a result, our col- trial economic model is operating on the lective demands on nature’s capacity for And, as the trees fall, we same damaging, diminishing return. renewal are being exceeded annually by Our current model of progress was not irretrievably lose species some 25 percent. On this basis, last year designed, of course, to create all this de- we had used up what we can safely take of plants and animals that struction. It made good sense to the politi- from nature before the end of September. cians and economists who set it in train Between then and the New Year, we were may well prove essential to because the whole point was to improve consuming capital as if it was income. the well-being of as many people as pos- our survival. And, as any investment advisor will tell sible. However, given the overwhelming you, confusing capital for income is sim- evidence from so many quarters, we have ply not sustainable in the long-term. by 40 percent in the last 50 years. The to ask ourselves if it any longer makes What is more, countries that are under- major ice caps on Greenland and Ant- sense – or whether it is actually fit for pur- going rapid development are all assuming arctica could soon begin a rapid melt as pose under the circumstances in which we Western consumption patterns. By 2050, well, and this may cause sea levels to rise, now find ourselves? not only will there be nine billion people thereby swamping some of the world’s It seems to me a self-evident truth that on the planet, but a far higher proportion most heavily populated regions, instigat- we cannot have any form of capitalism than now will presumably have Western ing mass migrations. We also know that without capital. But we must remember levels of consumption. These are facts, global warming is thawing perma-frosted that the ultimate source of all economic which we really cannot ignore any longer. ground where the release of methane, a capital is nature’s capital. The true wealth But we do so because we hang onto values very potent greenhouse gas indeed, has of all nations comes from clean rivers,
18 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC Monarchy|Di spatches
healthy soil and, most importantly of all, the impact this will have on the whole or being nitrogen, it makes the weeds grow a rich biodiversity of life. Our ability to the wider context of the situation – rather too, so out come all the herbicides. When adapt to the effects of climate change, and in the way that they tried to grow Brazil it drains into the streams, the nitrogen also then perhaps even to reduce those effects, nuts in plantations some years ago. The makes the algae bloom, which sucks all depends upon us adapting our pursuit of entire crop in Peru and Bolivia comes from the oxygen out of the water, suffocating “unlimited” economic growth to that of within the natural forest, which makes it many of the other forms of life in a vital “sustainable” economic growth. And that a difficult and labour-intensive process. food chain – to the extent that a recent depends upon basing our approach on the To try to ease the problem, it was decided UN survey identified 400 so-called “dead fundamental resilience of our ecosystems. to establish Brazil nut plantations, but not zones” which have now occurred around Ecosystem resilience leads to economic one tree produced a single nut. This is the world where polluted rivers meet the resilience. If we carry on destroying our because, as it happens, Brazil nut trees rely sea and nothing grows at all. Now one of the chief architects of our present economic model was Adam Smith and this year happens to be the 250th an- niversary of the publication of his “Theory of Moral Sentiments” in which he sought to define the balance between private right and natural freedom. Interestingly, he was another who recognized that, although in- dividual freedom is rooted in our impulse for self-reliance, it must be balanced by the limits imposed by natural law. As he pre- pared his book, he moved away from the notion that we are born with a moral sense and preferred the principle of there being a sympathy in all things. It is this sympa- thy that binds communities together. But there is little chance of such sym- pathy if what people need is provided through commercial structures that place an ever greater distance between the sup- plier and the consumer, because econo- mies of scale can destroy the economics of localness. It has become, again, a purely mechanical process with no room for the
ke complexity and multi-faceted dimensions
Roo of a proper local relationship between a community and the suppliers that serve it. ress / Tim p All we lack, perhaps, is the will to establish a more entire and connected perspective. Without such a systemic ap-
res / canadian proach, I fear we will continue to deal tu ea
F with each individual crisis without seeing ex R the connections between them. Arguably,
Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, and his wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, will visit Canada in November. this makes our response to our immediate Their tour includes stops in Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. problems tactical rather than also strategic. I think it was the Chinese military strate- gist, Sun Tzu, who memorably wrote in marine and forest ecosystems as we are entirely on a tiny forest-dwelling wasp for the 5th Century B.C. that “Strategy with- doing, then we will rob them of their their pollination. So, no forest, no wasp, out tactics is the slowest route to victory. natural resilience and end up destroying no nuts. Tactics without strategy is the noise before our own. If you think about it, this is the ap- defeat.” Defeat in this instance would be No matter how sophisticated our tech- proach that is invariably taken in all catastrophic. nology has become, the simple fact is that aspects of our existence. Modern agri- Now, there are many examples where we are not separate from nature – like ev- industry, for instance, may have made communities have replaced the short-term erything else, we are nature. enormous strides to feed the burgeoning impulse with the long-term plan. But part The more you understand this fact, the world’s population, but at a huge and of that strategy – to my mind at least at more you see how our mechanistic way of unsustainable cost to ecosystems, through the heart of it – is the need for a new pub- thinking causes such confusion. The way massive use of artificial fertilizers, herbi- lic- and private-sector partnership which we so often go about meeting people’s cides, pesticides and water. As an example, includes NGOs (non-governmental orga- needs invariably involves us seeking a so- we put plenty of nitrogen on the fields to nizations) and community participation. lution to one problem without thinking of make the crops grow quickly but, nitrogen To work effectively, this will require gov-
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 19 Di spatches|Monarchy
ernments to provide policies which sup- called “virtuous circles.” You can see this has a contemporary, yet timeless feel even port community participation. That way, in the relationship between the waste, though it is based on the time-honoured, we might achieve the long‑term economic energy and water sectors where the waste geometric principles of balance and har- returns that are commensurate with the product of one process becomes the raw mony. And it uses, instead of bricks, new, behavioural changes we need in order to material of another, thereby mimicking inter-locking, clay blocks which are low- attain sustainable levels of development. nature’s cyclical process of waste-free fired, and therefore low-carbon, much We certainly need to refine our ability recycling. The trouble is, at the moment, quicker to lay and are moulded in such a to measure what we do so that we become so many of these brilliant ideas sit on the way that they breathe, but also have an more aware of our responsibility. This fringes of our economy. They are seen as astonishing capacity to insulate. has been the impulse behind the concept alternatives when they need to become In a similar vein, the emerging disci- of corporate social and environmental mainstream. But for that to happen and pline of biomimicry puts what zoologists responsibility which I have been trying to for them to be effective, this will require a and biologists know about natural sys- encourage for the past 24 years and which system of long-term consistent and coher- tems together with the problems engineers is now substantially integrated into many ent financial incentives and disincentives. and architects are trying to solve, in order economic sectors. It also validates the Otherwise, how else will we achieve the to produce technology that mimics how need for “accounting for sustainability” urgent response we need to rectify the nature operates. There are some remark- – a method by which businesses can take situation we face? By the way, I said in able examples. By studying the surface proper account of the cost to the Earth of Brazil back in March this year that we had of lotus leaves, an exterior paint has been their products and services and which I developed that enables walls to clean initiated and launched some four years themselves when it rains; and from a tiny ago. It is encouraging that this approach is desert beetle comes a sheet that can har- We also need, dare I say it, being tested by a range of companies, gov- vest moisture from the lightest of mists ernment departments and agencies and I new forms of international in the driest parts of the world. They all hope that it can be adopted more generally blend the best of the old with the best of so that well-being and sustainability can collaboration to value the new to produce highly efficient tech- nology that works with the grain of nature be measured, rather than merely growth ecosystem services. In in consumption. rather than against it. We also need, dare I say it, new forms this regard, I have been Our need for these solutions is going to of international collaboration to value grow exponentially as our global popula- ecosystem services. In this regard, I have heartened by the progress tion rises and our ecological and economic been heartened by the progress of my of my Rainforests Project, crises deepen. Is this not a rationale for in- Rainforests Project, which has sought to vesting massively in these new and more build a consensus around the need to which has sought to build integrated approaches which, thereby, provide massive interim financing to help could help to create the kind of “virtuous a consensus around the slow the rate of tropical deforestation. The circles” based on environmental and com- basic premise of this project has been that need to provide massive munity capita? Such investment would the world must recognize the absolutely also, I can’t help thinking, have the added vital utility that the rainforests provide interim financing to help benefit of creating many new jobs. by generating a real income for rainforest We face a future where there is a real slow the rate of tropical countries – where, incidentally, some 1.4 prospect that if we fail the Earth, we fail billion of the poorest people on Earth rely deforestation. humanity. To avoid such an outcome, in some way on the rainforests for their which will comprehensively destroy our livelihoods – an income which can be used children’s future, we must urgently con- to finance an integrated, low-carbon devel- front and then make choices which carry opment model. Paradoxically, the answer 100 months left to take the necessary steps monumental implications. In this, we are to deforestation lies not solely or even to avert irretrievable climate and ecosys- the masters of our fate. mainly in the forestry sector, but rather in tem collapse, and all that goes with it. I On the one hand, we have every good the agricultural and energy sectors. And will say it again – but now we only have reason to believe that carrying on as we we must also recognize that rainforest 96 months left… are will lead to a depleted and divided countries are responding rationally to the Now, another example of an alternative planet incapable of meeting the needs of demands we create – the economic price that needs to become mainstream, and its nine billion citizens, let alone sustain- signal that we send out in our seemingly which would enhance both community ing its other life forms. On the other hand, ever‑increasing demand for agricultural and environmental capital, lies in the we can adopt the technologies, lifestyles commodities like soya, palm oil and beef. way we plan, design and build our settle- and, crucially, a much more integrated But by dint of working with governments, ments. way of thinking and perceiving the world NGOs, leading companies and local com- As it happens, my Foundation for that can transform our relationship with munities, it does appear that a solution the Built Environment is involved in the the Earth that sustains us. The choice is could be in sight. building of a “natural house” at the Build- certainly clear to me. It is also heartening to see that it is in- ing Research Establishment in Watford. creasingly possible to enhance efficiency This is suggesting a new model for green Excerpted from the Prince of Wales’ Richard and economic rates of return by linking building that is built on site and easily Dimbleby Lecture at St. James’s Palace State different sectors together in what are adapted for volume building. Its design Apartments in London in July.
20 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC Monarchy|Di spatches yal Hou se Dut ch Ro yal
Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
The surprising survival of the monarchy ‘The heredity principle gives human society a human face’
By Arthur Bousfield and Garry Toffoli
n 10 years, there will be only Australasia, seven; the Caribbean, eight; several are kingdoms, and many are sul- five kings left, the Kings of Central America, one; Europe, 12; the tanates, principalities or emirates. A few Hearts, Diamonds, Spades, Middle East, seven and North America, are hidden. Uganda has five little known Clubs and the King of Eng- one. Alone among the continents, South hereditary Bantu kingdoms, recognized as land.” A gloomy but, at the America is without kings. At indepen- part of the state, within its borders. Thirty- time,“ plausibleI prophecy from the mouth dence, it came under the alien constitu- one republics in the Commonwealth of of an ill-used 20th-Century monarch about tional tutelage of the United States, the Nations maintain a relationship with to be dethroned. The year was 1950. The world’s pre-eminent republic. The result Queen Elizabeth II by recognizing her as ruler was Farouk, King of Egypt. was an institutionalized instability. Visit- Head of the Commonwealth, a title she King Farouk was wrong. More than ing the Philadelphia Exposition of 1876, inherited from her father, King George VI. half a century later, as we end the first de- Don Pedro II, Brazil’s last emperor, was The Commonwealth’s monarchies and re- cade of a new millennium, we can see how told the number of revolutions per minute publics together constitute a quarter of the wide off the mark he was. Today no fewer that the Corliss steam engines made. “Ah! world’s people in their domains. than 45 independent monarchies, many of That’s better than our Latin American re- Oil-rich or economically underdevel- them well-known and prestigious states, publics!” he quipped. oped, the monarchies vary greatly in size, are functioning throughout the world. What is a contemporary monarchy? One from the tiny principality of Monaco to Africa has three of the 45, Asia, six; is an empire, another is a grand duchy, the largest realm in terms of square kilo-
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 21 Di spatches|Monarchy
The World's Monarchs metres, Canada. Populations, too, range have been the 20th Century’s totalitarian widely. The Empire of Japan has 127 mil- republican regimes of Hitler, Stalin, Mao lion, the United Kingdom 61 million, Mo- Zedong or Pol Pot, the evil children of the rocco 31 million and Malaysia 26 million. Enlightenment. Constitutional monarchy At the bottom of the scale are Tuvalu’s and democracy, far from being mutually mere 12,373 people or Vatican City’s even incompatible, have, in fact proved strong fewer 826. partners. Size can be deceptive. On learning of Modern monarchies came battle-scarred Pope Pius XII’s opposition, a scornful Josef out of the 20th Century, whose ideologies Stalin once retorted: “How many legions were hostile to them. Important empires does the Pope have?” The Pope reportedly and kingdoms fell when the kings were sent his response through Stalin’s foreign made to shoulder the blame for World minister: “Tell your master he will meet War I, though nationalism – not royal am- my legions in Eternity.” bition – caused the conflict. “Il y a beaucoup Vatican City may number only 826 in- de chomage dans mon métier” (“There is a habitants but it is a monarchy that includes lot of unemployment in my trade,”) the 1,070,315,000 Latin Rite Catholics and 23 heroic Albert I of the Belgians acknowl- other churches ranging in membership edged. The nadir of 20th Century monar- from the 4,321,508 Ukrainian Catholics to chy was perhaps the Vatican’s elimination King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa the 3,000 Albanian Catholics. Benedict XVI of kingship as a “Christian vocation” from Bahrain is the 265th Pope to reign in Rome. Where the church calendar and abandonment are Stalin and his Soviet tyranny? of the papal coronation in 1978. Benedict Some monarchies – Japan, Denmark XVI’s reintroduction of the 1962 missal as and Britain – are ancient, by a thousand the Extraordinary Rite in 2007 has restored years or more. Others, like Saudi Arabia, the former. Jordan and Belize, are quite new countries. Yet the 20th Century had many royal Whatever philosophy is expressed in their success stories, too. Wartime leadership constitutions, all 45 monarchies vest de provided by King George VI of the Com- facto sovereignty in a person rather than monwealth, Queen Wilhelmina of the a theory. A glance at contemporary roy- Netherlands, King Haakon VII of Norway alty tells us a great deal about monarchy. and King Christian X of Denmark was First, kingship is a universal phenomenon, outstanding. When Italy collapsed militar- transcending race, religion and econom- ily as Hitler’s ally and faced defeat in the ics. Monarchy’s cultural role is often Second World War, King Victor Emmanuel paramount. So, too, can be its unifying III was able to fire Mussolini, whereas in olkiah olkiah function. In the linguistically-divided Germany there was no monarch to dismiss B
Kingdom of Belgium, whose contentious Hitler, who carried his country relentlessly assanal H ir ir
Flemish, French and German peoples are to destruction. Though Victor Emmanuel S King Albert II and Queen Paolo fiercely jealous of their distinctiveness, III failed to save his dynasty, he did sal- ultan Belgium S the unifying figure, King Albert II, is often vage his country. So did King Michael I of lst, E described as the “only” Belgian. Romania, who dismissed a Nazi-aligned The most progressive of the monarchies dictator and took his country into the Al- are constitutional: regimes where the lied camp. monarch makes constitutional decisions The 20th Century’s greatest monarchi-
-- not political ones. In some – Sweden and cal triumph was Spain’s restoration. King der Van J.-P. 2001 redit: C
Japan, for example – the monarch plays Juan Carlos I, spitting image of his famous U N Photo C redit: II only a symbolic role. It is wrong, however, ancestor Louis XIV, and equally sagacious
to see constitutional monarchies as effete but more fortunate, presided over Spain’s A bdullah and Queen Paolo Paolo Queen and II survivors of a once all-powerful institu- astounding, peaceful transformation from K ing
tion. The term “absolute monarchy” was authoritarian regime to democratic con- lbert A
coined by the 18th Century philosophes stitutional monarchy. Risking his life, the ing K of the Enlightenment, enemies of kings, King dramatically quelled an army revolt redit: U N Photo, C redit: Photo, Photo,
to describe authoritarian monarchs. It aimed at reversing the process. N implied that monarchs were originally all The 20th Century gave us the bitter- S ihamoni redit: U redit: absolute. Nothing could be less true. est lesson about the cultural importance C
Most monarchies have limitations of of crowns. In Churchill’s unforgettable halifa K orodom N orodom l l some kind on their power. Even authori- words, the Hitlerite monster crawled out A sa sa K ing tarian ones have embryonic constitutional of the gutter onto the empty thrones of I Sultan Sir Hassanal Bolkiah features. Medieval kings possessed no Germany. The lesson was remembered in amad bin bin amad
Brunei H standing armies, regular revenues or dealing with post-war Japan where Gen- ing ing bureaucracies to allow them absolute eral Douglas MacArthur preserved the K power. The only absolute states in history monarchy. Arguments over the guilt or redit: U N Photo Page C redit: 23: Page 22: 22: Page
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innocence of the Showa Emperor in regard The World's Monarchs to World War II will be endless, but few can deny Japan’s unity and self-confidence Monarchs’ benefited from the continuation of the Im- missives perial dynasty. In the wave of self-determination gained by minority groups in the latter “What touches all should be half of the 20th Century, monarchies (Bel- approved by all.” gium, Canada, Spain, United Kingdom) – King Edward I of England on were more successful in preserving or lawmaking moving to federal systems than were republican counterparts (USSR, Yugosla- “Is there anyone here who has a case via, Czechoslovakia). Filmmaker Persson to settle?” Sarvestani’s 2009 The Queen and I and di- – King St Louis IX of France rector Cyrus Nowrasteh’s recent The Ston- administering justice under an oak tree ing of Soraya M. have somewhat redressed at Vincennes the balance of judgment on another monarchical casualty of the century, the “I have not become King to live in a Shah’s Iran, by illustrating the consider- closet.” able role Muhammad Reza Pahlavi played – Emperor Rudolf I of the Holy Roman King Norodom Sihamoni Cambodia in protecting minorities. King Juan Carlos Empire on being accessible to his I summed up this function of monarchy in subjects his accession speech in the Cortes [parlia- ment]: “The King wishes to be at once the “Have a care over my people.” King of all and the King of each one in his – Queen Elizabeth I of England and own culture, history and tradition.” Ireland to her judges The past millennium ended on the upbeat for monarchs: defeat of the repub- “To be a king and wear a crown is lic option in the Australian referendum. more glorious to them that see it Significantly, working-class supporters of than it is pleasure to them that bear the very party that proposed to remove it.” Queen Elizabeth II as Australian Monarch – Queen Elizabeth I to Parliament rallied en masse to the Crown. Only the civil service elite in Canberra, the capital, “If power without law may make voted solidly for a republic. laws, may alter the fundamental Canada, geographically the world’s laws of the Kingdom, I do not know largest monarchy at 9,984,670 square what subject . . . can be sure of his kilometres, is also the fifth-largest monar- life, or anything that he calls his chy in population with nearly 34 million own.” Queen Margrethe II people. Canada’s royal institutions and – King Charles I of Great Britain and Denmark practices constitute a significant model Ireland to the illegal “court” that of the modern experience and definition contrived his judicial murder of monarchy in the world. As the senior of the 15 realms in the Commonwealth “The function of kings consists outside the United Kingdom, Canada has mainly in letting good sense take its provided leadership for the shared monar- course.” chy of Queen Elizabeth II. – King Louis XIV of France Canada is a federal monarchy, with the Crown functioning at two levels. It is rec- “I hope God will forgive me my ognized internationally as one of the most many sins because of the good I democratic and progressive countries have tried to do my people.” while its royal institutions – while having – Emperor Peter I “the Great” of Russia fostered, embraced and ensured the devel- opment of those characteristics – are them- “Punctuality is the politeness of selves pre-democratic in origin and ethos. kings.” A European monarchy in origin and fun- – King Louis XVIII of France damentals, through more than 500 years of North American experience, Canada “I exist to protect my people from has become as legitimate an expression of my ministers.” King Abdullah II Jordan New World government and culture as the – Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria- more numerous republican states in North Hungary and South America. And within the sover-
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 23 Di spatches|Monarchy
The World's Monarchs
Emir Sabah al-Ahmed Kuwait awa C i t izen awa o r, O tt M alc o lm Tayl
In all, 31 republics in the Commonwealth of Nations maintain a relationship with Queen Elizabeth II by recognizing her as the head of Commonwealth, a title she inherited from her father, King George VI.
eign Canadian monarchy, there exist many men, enthusiastically devoted to the cause N orway, indigenous monarchical traditions that of their King and Constitution, can never C ourt, pre-date European settlement, that were be conquered.” allied to the Canadian Crown and that The Constitution of Canada has several R oyal continue to flourish within aboriginal First sections that describe and define its royal essel, The
Nations’ governmental customs today. character. The Constitution Act, 1867, which W The American Revolution split British established the Dominion of Canada, de- Prince Albert II North America. In the aftermath, one new clared that executive authority continued C athrine Monaco country, the United States of America, and was vested in the Queen; created C redit: was born and a second, the Dominion of the Parliament of Canada consisting of
Canada, conceived. The latter was born a the Queen, the Senate and the House of H arald V
century later in 1867 and achieved matu- Commons; declared that the Command- K ing rity in 1931. in-Chief of the armed forces continued Canada’s history is not only one that and was vested in the Queen; established includes struggles to preserve its inde- the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada as U N Photo C redit: pendence and geographical integrity, an an executive cabinet to advise the Queen; S aud experience most countries can claim, but is and required the governor general, the A ziz redit: C redit: U N Photo / Page 25:
also one of battles, domestic and interna- Queen’s representative, to carry out the A bdul tional, political and military, to preserve its government in the name of the Queen when the monarch was not performing
royal character against overtly republican M ohammed V I the functions in person. A bdullah bin
opponents who targeted its institutions as K ing K ing much as its land. How passionately the Fathers of Con- For the first century, the nascent Cana- federation saw the monarchy as a found- dians fought Americans in two wars (the ing principle of Canada is illustrated by redit: C redit: U N Photo, American Revolution itself and the War of Sir John A. Macdonald’s moving state- U N Photo, C redit: 1812) and two unofficial skirmishes (1838 ment to Queen Victoria. Face to face with
and 1866) when Americans supported or his monarch on the eve of the passing of S aid al- S aid King Mohammed VI tolerated U.S.-based raiders. These mili- the Constitution Act, Macdonald said: “We S abah al- A hmed Morocco
tary engagements were fought, as General have desired in this measure to declare in E mir
Sir Isaac Brock proclaimed in 1812, to the most solemn and emphatic manner Page 24: establish that “a country defended by free our resolve to be under the sovereignty of S ultan Qaboos bin
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Your Majesty and your family forever.” thorities of the sovereign to the governor The World's Monarchs In 1931, the Statute of Westminster general, when in fact they only provided established the full international indepen- for the exercise of the sovereign’s powers dence of Canada and the other British do- by the governor. minions and their equality with the United In the international sphere, letters of Kingdom under the King. The governor credence of ambassadors are now ad- general became solely the representative dressed to the governor general rather of the King and not also of the British than the Queen. This is contrary to the government, and King George V became constitutional requirement that the gov- the embodiment of the Canadian state in ernment can only be carried out by the international as well as domestic law. governor general in the name of the The Constitution Act, 1982, which patri- Queen. ated the last remaining role of the British Some government officials have tried Parliament in the amendment of the Cana- to establish that the Queen was somehow dian Constitution, confirmed the continu- at fault for not representing Canada in- ance of The Constitution Act, 1867 and the ternationally. John Manley in 1997, while Statute of Westminster as integral parts of Minister of Foreign Affairs, stated that the Canadian Constitution. It provides that the Queen no longer represented Canada any alteration to the office of the Queen re- abroad and that this was a reason to quires a resolution unanimously approved abolish the monarchy. He did not add, of King Harald V Norway by the Senate, the House of Commons and course, that he had the power to ask or not all provincial legislative assemblies. Since ask the Queen to represent Canada before the United Kingdom’s constitution is she could act, and, as an avowed republi- unwritten, Canada arguably has the most can, did not ask her. In 2007, the govern- orthodox definition of royal sovereignty of ment led by Stephen Harper advised the any of the world’s 45 realms. Queen to travel to France as Queen of At an outdoor Parliament Hill cer- Canada and preside at the Vimy Memorial emony, on a cold, wet 17th of April in rededication, which she did. Queen Eliza- 1982, the Queen proclaimed the coming beth II, herself, has never wavered in her into force of The Constitution Act, 1982 – willingness to serve Canadians. proclaimed it as Queen of Canada. And Trying to judge support for the Ca- thus, she assumed the last remaining pow- nadian monarchy through opinion polls ers over Canada that she had held as the has always been problematic because of British Queen. It was a great victory for inconsistencies with the methodologies the monarchy because it was the end of a employed in the polls. Generally, if the political process that had begun four years question uses terminology such as “Brit- earlier with Bill C-60, a proposal from the ish” monarchy or “ties” to the monarchy, government led by Pierre Trudeau which support is lower than if the question treats would have effectively ended the Cana- the monarchy as a Canadian institution Sultan Qaboos bin Said al-Said dian Monarchy in all but name, and trans- or asks respondents to choose between Oman ferred the Queen’s powers to the governor monarchy and republic. In one year, 2002, general. for example, EKOS Research announced Bill C-60 provoked overwhelming op- that 48 percent of Canadians believed that position throughout Canada, including “instead of a British monarch, we should a unanimous front by the provinces, and have a Canadian citizen as our head of forced the government to withdraw the state,” while COMPAS revealed that 63 bill and entrench the monarchy as defined percent “believe the monarchy should in 1867 and 1931. The anti-Canadian forces retain or strengthen its role in Canada,” in Ottawa that had attempted and failed and Ipsos-Reid reported that 79 percent in their constitutional coup d’etat did not supported “the constitutional monarchy gracefully accept their defeat. They have as Canada’s form of government.” attempted to implement in the shadows In the past year, the Globe and Mail of administrative fiat what was defeated claimed that only 35 percent supported by the light of democratic scrutiny and having a monarch, while Angus Reid resolution. Their hope is that people will reported that only 12 percent supported eventually accept by usage what they re- a presidential system. All that can be said jected by law. with certainty is that, taken as a whole, the The ruse has been to assert, wrongly, polls of the past 40 years, while varying in that the Sovereign’s Letters Patent of 1947 actual numbers, indicate that a significant King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Saud Saudi Arabia (the most recent version) constituting the minority of Canadians have problems office of governor general and command- with aspects of the Canadian monarchy er-in-chief of Canada, transferred the au- but only a much smaller minority support
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 25 Di spatches|Monarchy
The World's Monarchs Quotes on the Canadian Crown
“I had the honour of speaking to the Victoria) defines “Canadian” in its King [Louis XIV], who questioned modern sense. me about the state of the country, of which I gave him an accurate “In the judgment of Her Majesty, account, and His Majesty promised the City of Ottawa combines more me that he would take it under his advantages than any other place in protection.” Canada for the permanent seat of the – Pierre Boucher, emissary of Quebec future Government of the Province, settlers who appealed to the king for help. and is selected by Her Majesty As a result Louis XIV created Quebec a accordingly.” royal province in 1663. – Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa as capital of Canada. “One morning I expect to look out from my window at Versailles and see “A Canadian’s first loyalty is not to the towers of Louisbourg looming on the British Commonwealth of Nations King Juan Carlos I the horizon.” but to Canada and to Canada’s King.” Spain – King Louis XV on the cost of building – John Buchan, Lord Tweedsmuir, the fortress of Louisbourg in Cape Breton Governor General of Canada, 1937
“If he is mad, then I wish he would “Hold fast to all that is just and of bite some of my other generals.” good report in the heritage which – King George II on being told that James your fathers have left to you, but Wolfe, future captor of Quebec, was crazy strive also to improve and equalize that heritage for all men and women “Madame, if all Canadian women in the years to come.” resemble you, I have indeed made a – King George VI, broadcast from fine conquest.” Winnipeg, 1939 – King George III on receiving the first French Canadian lady at court “No person shall be deemed to have a seditious intention by reason only “I will never consent that in any that he intends . . . to show that treaty that may be concluded [with Her Majesty has been misled and the rebellious 13 colonies] a single mistaken in her measures.” word be mentioned concerning – Criminal Code of Canada King Mswati III Canada, Nova Scotia, or the Swaziland Floridas.” “I’m going home to Canada tomorrow.” – King George III’s stubbornness – Queen Elizabeth II on leaving ensured Canada’s preservation when California for British Columbia, 1983 the victorious Americans demanded the whole of North America. “Within the Canadian federal home, U N Photo C redit: there are many rooms, each with its “I trust you will agree … that a own particular memories. That home due and generous attention ought has housed the native aboriginal to be shown to those who have peoples, the two founding immigrant
relinquished their properties or European communities, each with its King Bhumibol Adulyadej progressions from motives of loyalty language and culture, and generations to me.” of other immigrants which Canada – King George III asking Parliament to has never ceased to welcome from all redit: U N Photo, C redit:
help the Loyalists corners of the earth. III “All have survived under one roof, “Part then in peace. Let me hear no thanks to a steadfast commitment M swati more of the odious distinction of to peace, the rule of law and good K ing English and French. You are all His government; to the tradition of Britannic Majesty’s beloved Canadian parliamentary democracy and a King Bhumibol Adulyadej
subjects.” constitutional monarchy, all of which, I U N Photo, C redit: Thailand I – Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, (son believe, have served the country well.” of King George III and father of Queen – Charles, Prince of Wales C arlos K ing Juan
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21st Century? The historical record says yes. Take the Crown Commonwealth of Queen Elizabeth II, divisible among 16 states. If classical constitutional monarchy in the Commonwealth began with King William IV, as is generally conceded, there have been seven successive constitutional monarchs. Of them only one, King Ed- ward VIII, was a failure. Could the same number of democratically elected politi- cians claim as high a success rate? Contrary to popular notion, removal of hereditary kingship does not end the role of heredity in a state. How did most peo- ple become citizens of the countries they belong to? Virtue, merit, achievement or election had nothing to do with it. They obtained citizenship by the simple act of being born in a country – the hereditary principle. In fact, the very existence of hu- mans requires the hereditary principle of birth. The constitutional monarchies of the world are more fully human than repub- lics because they apply, through monarch, assemblies and administrators, all the ba- sic individual human qualities of heredity, free choice and merit, rather than just one U N Ph oto or two, to the organization of society. And Pope Benedict XVI presides over the world’s smallest monarchy, Vatican City, with 826 subjects. But his generally they do it quite successfully. predecessor Pope Pius XII once famously remarked to Stalin’s foreign minister that his master would Why do monarchies persist? Many “meet my legions in Eternity.” political analysts are surprised they have. No one pretends monarchy is faultless. It an actual republican alternative when being put to the people was restoration of has no guarantee of perpetuity. While it is asked to choose between the two. constitutional monarchy. Since the royal a universal concept, precisely because it is All the changes that have diminished family, like the Taliban, are Pashtuns, they widespread, there are different standards the monarchy, since 1982 and before, have were seen as a legitimately indigenous around the world. Westerners often criti- been of an administrative nature, and and traditional means of bringing democ- cize Saudi Arabia’s king for policies that therefore can be revoked by administra- racy to the country. The Loya Jirga was not are required by his country’s culture, for tive action. allowed to reconvene by the Americans example. While the Canadian monarchy was until the royal option was dropped. Under Monarchies endure because they have fighting its domestic opponents (suc- pressure, the Afghans agreed. deep roots in history and culture and cessfully in the constitutional arena and One may consider what role this fateful because monarchy is a natural form of with mixed results in the administrative), decision played in the resurgence of the society. Occupants of the world’s 45 communism’s fall might have produced Taliban – just as the advocates of monar- thrones are, for the most part respected, restorations of thrones throughout Europe chy feared. The bitter irony is that, while even loved by their peoples. Whether it but for U.S. prejudice. “We don’t do mon- Afghans were denied the democratic is Queen Elizabeth II, who has spent the archies,” pronounced Madeleine Albright, right to vote for the benefits of being a better part of a near 60-year reign tirelessly U.S. Secretary of State, when the Bulgar- constitutional monarchy, outside of the traveling the world to carry out duties; ians showed signs of wishing to recover Americans, the bulk of the fighting and King Juan Carlos I, whose 35 years as king their crown. American hostility dissuaded dying by Westerners for Afghanistan is be- have given life to the concept of a “Span- several countries, which needed American ing done by the forces of Britain, Canada, ish Commonwealth,” or King Bhumibol economic assistance, from taking the step and the Netherlands – three constitutional of Thailand, who has kept his kingdom on of restoration. monarchies. the constitutional track for six decades, the When the Taliban were overthrown in A few monarchies in the world, such monarchs work hard for the interests and Afghanistan in 2001, King Muhammad as Malaysia, are elective but most of the welfare of their countries. Besides project- Zahir Shah returned to convene the Loya 45 are hereditary. Even the elective ones ing the image of a family on society, kings Jirga (the grand assembly) to shape the fu- generally choose from within the royal and queens, in the final analysis, give hu- ture of the country. The commission estab- family or among hereditary sub-rulers or man society a human face. lished by the Loya Jirga travelled the land chiefs. The Malaysian King is selected by preparing its recommendations. It was re- and from the nine hereditary rulers of the Arthur Bousfield and Garry Toffoli are ported that American authorities were ap- federation. Toronto-based authors who have written palled that one of the options it proposed Is hereditary monarchy tenable in the extensively about monarchies.
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The World’s Monarchies
Tengku [Prince] Muhammed d h St. Vincent and the 2 Emirate of Kuwait Ismail – Regency Council Grenadines Emir Sabah al-Ahmad LEGEND: headed by Raja Tengku Queen Elizabeth II al-Jaber al-Sabah d constitutional Baderulzaman) Pop. 104,574 Pop. 2,691,158 Pop. 1,150,286 1 authoritarian CENTRAL AMERICA 1 Sultanate of Oman 2 authoritarian with constitutional features d Kingdom of Thailand Sultan Qaboos bin Said King Bhumibol Adulyadej d h Belize al-Said Ç elective Pop. 65,905,410 Queen Elizabeth II Pop. 3,418,085 m federal or quasi-federal Pop. 307,899 1 h AUSTRALASIA Emirate of Qatar Member Commonwealth of Nations EUROPE Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Note: Where a ruler has more than one name, d m h Commonwealth al-Thani d Op. 833,285 the name he/she is known by is italicized. of Australia # Principality of Andorra Queen Elizabeth II Co-Princes: Nicolas Sarkozy Pop. 21,262,641 (President of France) and Joan 1 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Enric Vives Sicilia (Bishop of King Abdullah bin Abdul d h Realm of New Zealand Urgel) Aziz Al Saud AFRICA 1 Sultanate of Brunei Queen Elizabeth II Pop. 83,888 Pop. 28,686,633 Sultan Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Pop. 4,213,418 2 h Kingdom of Lesotho Pop. 388,190 (The five Maori tribes in New d m Kingdom of Belgium 1 Ç m United Arab King Letsie III Zealand have an elected King King Albert II Emirates Pop. 2,130,819 d Empire of Japan or Queen.) Pop. 10, 414,336 (Includes seven hereditary Emperor Akihito Emirates. The Emir of Abu 2 Kingdom of Morocco Pop. 127,078,679 d h State of Papua New d m Kingdom of Denmark Dhabi presides over the Union King Mohammed VI Guinea Queen Margrethe II for periods of five years.) Pop. 31,559,097 dÇm h Federation of Queen Elizabeth II Pop. 5,500,510 Emir Khalifa bin Zayed Al Malaysia Pop. 6,057,263 Nahyan The Republic of Nigeria Sultan Mizan Zairal Abidin d m h United Kingdom of Pop. 4,798,491 contains a number of ibni Al Marhum Sultan d h Solomon Islands Great Britain and Northern hereditary Emirates and Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Queen Elizabeth II Ireland 1 Emirate of Abu Dhabi Chiefdoms in the Northern Shah Pop. 595,613 Queen Elizabeth II Emir Khalifa bin Zayed Al Region. They have precedence Pop. 25,715,819 Pop. 61,113,205 Nahyan in the House of Chiefs. (Malaysia is a federation d Çm h Samoa Pop. 1,465,431 of 13 states of which nine Ole Ao o le Malo Tui Atua d Principality of 2 h Kingdom of are sultanates whose rulers Tupua Tupuola Efi Tamasese Liechtenstein 1 Emirate of Ajman Swaziland choose one of their own to (Chosen by Parliament from Prince Hans Adam II Emir Humaid bin Rashid Al King Mswati III be King of the country every among the Chiefs every five Pop. 34,761 Nuaimi Pop. 1,123,913 five years.) years.) Pop. 260,492 Pop. 219,998 d Grand Duchy of h Republic of Uganda d Sultanate of Johore Luxembourg 1 Emirate of Dubai Includes five hereditary Sultan Iskandar d h Kingdom of Tonga Grand Duke Henri Emir Mohammed bin Rashid kingdoms Pop. 3,300,000 King Siaosi Tupou V Pop. 491,775 Al Maktoum Pop. 32,369,558 Pop. 120,898 Pop. 1,469,330 d Sultanate of Kedah d Principality of Monaco d Ankole Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam d h Tuvalu Prince Albert II 1 Emirate of Fujairah The Mugabe (monarch) of Shah Queen Elizabeth II Pop. 32,965 Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Ankole not yet officially Pop. 1,818,188 Pop. 12,373 Mohammed Al Sharqi restored d m Kingdom of the Pop. 118,933 Sultanate of Kelantan CARIBBEAN Netherlands d Buganda Sultan Tuanku Ismail Petra Queen Beatrix 1 Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Pop. 2,100,000 d h Antigua and Barbuda Pop. 16,715,999 Emir Saqr bin Muhammed Mutebi II Queen Elizabeth II al-Qasimi d # Sultanate of Negri Pop. 85,632 d Kingdom of Norway Pop. 191,753 d Bunyoro-Kitara Sembilan King Harald V Omukama Rukirabasaija Yang di-Pertuan Besar Tuanku d h Commonwealth of Pop. 4,660,539 1 Emirate of Sharjah Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Muhriz Ibni Almarhum The Bahamas Emir Sultan bin Mohammed Iguru I Tuanku Queen Elizabeth II d m Kingdom of Spain Al-Qasimi III Munawir Pop. 309,156 King Juan Carlos I Pop. 656,941 d Ç Busoga Pop. 1,004,807 Pop. 40,525,002 Acting Isebantu Kyabazinga d h Barbados 1 Emirate of Um al-Quwain Christopher James Mutyaba d Sultanate of Pahang Queen Elizabeth II d Kingdom of Sweden Emir Saud bin Rashid Al Nkono Sultan Ahmad Shah Pop. 284,589 King Carl XVI Gustaf Mu’alla Pop. 1,396,500 Pop. 9,059,651 Pop. 59,098 d Toro d h Grenada Abakama Oyo Nyimba d Sultanate of Perak Queen Elizabeth II 2 # Vatican City NORTH AMERICA Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV Sultan Azlan Shah Pop. 90,739 Pope Benedict XVI Pop. 2,400,000 Pop. 826 d m h Dominion of ASIA d h Jamaica Canada d Sultanate of Perlis Queen Elizabeth II MIDDLE EAST [Though in disuse, Dominion d Kingdom of Bhutan Raja Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Pop. 2,825,928 of Canada is the legal name King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Pop. 215,000 1 Emirate of Bahrain of the country. Some First Wangchuk d h St. Christopher and Nevis King Hamad bin Isa Al Nations governments in Pop. 691,141 d Sultanate of Selangor Queen Elizabeth II Khalifa Canada include a role for Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Pop. 40,131 Pop. 727,785 hereditary chiefs.] d Kingdom of Cambodia Pop. 5,000,000 Queen Elizabeth II King Norodom Sihamoni d h St. Lucia 2 Kingdom of Jordan Pop. 33,734,000 Pop. 14,494,293 d Sultanate of Terengganu Queen Elizabeth II King Abdullah II Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Pop. 160,267 Pop. 6,342,948 (Pemangku Raja [Regent]
28 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC healthcare|Di spatches Cross-border health cares Ontario’s wait times prompt diplomats and Canadians alike to head south where they pay for their service but they don’t wait for it
By Donna Jacobs
ny diplomat – or anyone new to Ottawa – is quickly drawn into AOntario’s complex socialized healthcare system. Lightning-fast on emer- gencies and life-threatening diseases, it is nearly paralyzed with months-long waits for many people with non-threatening but painful and distressing health problems. The choices face any newcomer: Take your place in line to get routine care – or even to find a family doctor. Or slip across the U.S. or Quebec border, make the clas- sic trade of time for money and jump to the head of the queue. “When you parachute into Ontario, you’re parachuting yourself into a political situation when it comes to health,” says Dr. Michael Eden-Walker, medical director of Med-Team Clinic Inc., a management service for 45 part-time and full-time doc- tors. The extended-hours Kakulu Road yanne W ils o n D yanne clinic in Kanata supplies medical services Dr. Michael Eden-Walker, who operates a full-service medical clinic in Kanata, says he sometimes gets to some 150 patients daily in its 12 examin- patients referred to him by an emergency department when ER wait times stretch into many hours. ing rooms. Given its 25 years in operation, says Dr. Eden-Walker, it has hundreds of thousands of patients on its roster. and political level, and has managed to cut hard to find a pain specialist.” He sums up the checkered healthcare wait times in some areas. The Wait Time A person with back pain will wait delivery, the speedy and the slow, suc- Alliance, composed of 13 professional months for an MRI and will wait perhaps cinctly: “If you’ve got cancer, you’re in physician associations in Canada, includ- four or five months after that to see an heaven – not literally, I hope. If you have ing the Canadian Medical Association, orthopedic surgeon or neurosurgeon. With a heart problem, you’re in heaven because says Ontario, along with Manitoba and debilitating neck and back pain, people of the University of Ottawa’s Heart Insti- British Columbia, “continue to be strong are not able to work. They’re taking nar- tute. If you need an orthopedic surgeon, performers while Atlantic Canada lags cotics and analgesics. “When does the you’ll have a four- to six-month wait. behind” in shortening patients’ wait times pain and anxiety become an urgent mat- [But] if you fall and break a hip, you’ll be for CATscans, MRIs, hip surgery, knee sur- ter?” he asks. operated on and have a new hip in two gery, radiation therapy, cataract surgery “The problem is a shortage of family or three days. Another priority is colon- and cardiac bypass surgery. doctors and of provision of service. We cancer screening.” And Dr. Eden-Walker, outspoken have a lot of trouble getting patients into But priorities change, too. According to though even-handed in his assessment, the system to see a specialist. Derma- draft proposals by the Champlain Local acknowledges that Dalton McGuinty’s tologists, pain specialists and psychiatrists Health Integration Network (LHIN) which Liberal provincial government is paying have some of the longest waiting lists. covers the Ottawa region, the 2010-2013 more attention to health care than any It takes six to eight months to get a de- objectives will be to boost care to the 8.8 government he can recall. pressed or suicidal patient in to see a psy- percent of the provincial population with But wait times are, in fact, daunting. A chiatrist in Ottawa.” diabetes, to cut emergency room wait times person with knee pain might wait four to While diplomats may have the con- and to free up acute-care hospital beds by six months to get assessed for osteoarthri- nections to get timely care, he says, their placing patients who don’t need such in- tis or knee replacement surgery, says Dr. relatives may join rank-and-file Canadians tense medical attention in other beds. Eden-Walker. “People spend an inordinate in a search for services, Dr. Eden-Walker The provincial government is acutely amount of time in pain. Pain is a big deal says. aware of the problems, on both a human because pain ruins people’s lives and it’s For a perspective from the U.S., talk
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with Dr. Adam Jarrett, internist and medi- prostate surgery was 36 days, falling to 31 MRI (waits) are available on the MOH cal director of a New York State medical days this summer. (Average waits fluctu- website,” she says. However, clinicians centre directly south of Ottawa. “With Ca- ated more, falling – from 77 days in June/ and patients tend to be vocal when their nadian healthcare, it’s not the quality – it’s July 2007 and from 87 days in June 2008 – needs are not being met, she says, and the quantity that’s the problem,” he says. to 75 days this past June.) frequent informal feedback suggests there “That just seems to be a reality that the How long does a patient wait from the are no problems. Canadian healthcare system accepts. time a family doctor refers a patient to a An MRI is useful in imaging the brain, “We continue to hear stories about how surgeon? spine, soft joint tissues, the inside of bones, employees both at the U.S. embassy and abdomen and pelvis for cancer and other at other embassies struggle with access diseases. A CATscan (also known as CTs there,” says Dr. Jarrett, speaking from or computed tomography) uses a series the Claxton-Hepburn Medical Center in of x-rays to create pictures in slices which Ogdensburg, a not-for-profit community- produce a 3-D image. PETscan (Positron owned hospital 100 kilometres south of Emission Tomography) is new test used Ottawa. routinely in cancer patients to look at tu- He hears stories from Canadians, as mour metabolism. It may prove a useful well. alternative to other routine tests used to “I have spoken to women who are told image heart, bones or infection. by their primary care doctor that they The imaging bottlenecks, like a jammed have potential breast cancer and have to highway system, occur at different merge wait six weeks to see a breast surgeon. points along the route. Sometimes it’s the test [they’re waiting From his vantage point across the bor- for]. Sometimes it’s ‘What’s the next step Dr. Adam Jarrett is medical director of the Claxton- der, Dr. Jarrett, says: “I’ve had patients in my care?’ Hepburn Medical Center in Ogdensburg, New York. who are told by their primary care doctor “I’ve spoke to several women who have that they need a CATscan and they have to said, ‘I don’t want to wait six weeks think- For an elective MRI at the wait three to six months.” ing that I might or might not have cancer.’ Ottawa Hospital (Civic, General May-July 2009 figures from waittimes. Certainly psychologically, it’s a very long net for Ottawa hospitals give wait times time. And maybe even medically, it’s a and Riverside campuses), you for Priority 4 (elective) patients – those long time – if there’s a cancer brewing.” have to wait 261 days – nearly with non-emergency, non-urgent medical Dr. Eden-Walker, a general practitioner, nine months. The Ontario problems. The provincial targets for emer- says that, in his personal experience, he gency scans are 24 hours, for urgent scans government’s target is 28 days. hasn’t heard of such waits. “In the areas of are 48 hours, for semi-urgent scans are 10 cancer treatment, people get the best care The MRI wait line is 157 days – days and for elective scans are 28 days. there is. I’ve never seen a situation where a three months – at Queensway- However, the May-July 2009 figures for suspicious lump wasn’t mammogrammed a non-urgent “elective” CATscan show the Carleton Hospital, 82 days for or ultrasounded or biopsied or treated in wait is 129 days at Ottawa Hospital’s Civ- an efficient manner.” Montfort Hospital and 67 days ic-General-Riverside campuses, 57 days at Ministry of Health statistics show wait- at Children’s Hospital of Eastern Queensway-Carleton and 31 days at the times decreasing slightly from last year for University of Ottawa Heart Institute. Ontario (CHEO). breast cancer and prostate surgery. Most The 10 shortest CATscan wait times breast surgeries are classed as Priority 3 – list puts Temiskaming Hospital in New patients whose cancer is not diagnosed as “We actually do not track wait times Liskeard first with wait times of 11 days, highly aggressive – with a wait-time target from family practice referrals to sur- and Quinte Healthcare Corporation (Bel- of 30 days. Most prostate surgeries are geons,” says Carol Sawka, oncologist leville General, North Hastings-Quinte, Priority 4 – patients diagnosed with slow- (cancer specialist) and vice-president of Prince Edward County Memorial and growing malignancies – with a target of 84 clinical programs and quality initiatives Trenton Memorial) in 10th place with days. The wait- time target for Priority 1 at the government advisory body, Cancer waits of 17 days. surgical patients (emergency surgery) is 24 Care Ontario. Despite wait times that can vary by a hours and for Priority 2 (highly aggressive While the Ministry of Health monitors factor of 1,000 percent, Ministry of Health malignancies) is 14 days. a huge number of diseases and treatment spokesman David Jensen says patients The province compared summer sta- times at every phase (see its user-friendly are usually sent to the closest hospital for tistics over a three-year period. In June/ website www.waittimes.net), this is a sta- diagnosis – not the fastest one. July 2007, it met its wait-time targets with tistical gap. For an elective MRI at the Ottawa Hos- 90 percent of breast cancer and prostate “Now we see (this wait) that as impor- pital (Civic, General and Riverside cam- patients. In June/July 2007, the median tant for cancer patients,” Ms. Sawka says. puses), you have to wait 261 days – nearly (midpoint) wait for breast cancer was 16 “We’re actively working with the wait nine months. The Ontario government’s days. In 2008, it was 15 days. (Average time strategy (advisers) to see how this target is 28 days. The MRI wait line is 157 wait times also varied only slightly, drop- could materialize.” days – three months – at Queensway-Car- ping from 34 days last June to 33 days this How long is the standard wait, for ex- leton Hospital, 82 days for Montfort Hos- June.) ample, for a bone scan? “There is no place pital and 67 days at Children’s Hospital of In 2007 and in 2008, the median wait for that information is tracked – only CTs and Eastern Ontario (CHEO).
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The 10 shortest MRI wait times list puts CATscans. There is a shortage of technologists to Bluewater Health (Petrolia and Sarnia Statistics don’t tell the whole story. “I run the imaging machines. “If we do hire General) first with 19 days and St. Joseph’s can easily do six head scans in an hour,” one, it’s because we’re stealing it from Health Services in Chatham in 10th place Morency says, “while a biopsy is going to another facility. People get trained mostly with 56 days. take 45 minutes or longer to do. Some fa- in Toronto and tend to stay there. So we’re Ottawa’s statistics show up very poorly cilities won’t do them – we end up doing trying to develop our own program with in comparison with most centres in On- them. Ottawa Hospital’s long wait time local partners to train people from East- tario, though a talk with the quiet-spoken on the Ministry of Health website con- ern Ontario and keep them in Eastern Guy Morency leaves the sense that statis- centrates on elective procedures. The sta- Ontario. tics and good healthcare can be inversely tistics don’t show that I can get my Code “The blessing in disguise from the iso- related. He is director of Diagnostic Imag- Is and IIs (emergency and urgent cases) tope shortage is that doctors are only or- ing at the Ottawa Hospital. 90 percent of the time or more within the dering the tests if it’s medically necessary. As the only tertiary care facility (that is, provincial target of 24 and 48 hours (re- We have only had two days since May offering highly-specialized service such spectively).” where we had to schedule some patients as neurosurgery and trauma treatment), “We’re working with our regional a day or two later. Our staff have worked referrals of a complex nature from the 16 LIHN and if we’re able to demonstrate extra long hours and have worked week- smaller regional hospitals tend to come that we’re an efficient facility,’ he says, ends to take advantage of the generators here. “then we feel logically that we should be (maximum) radioactivity. We’re using PET Ottawa Hospital’s long wait times re- given some consideration for additional and we’re getting all our patients done. flect the many emergent and urgent cases funding for CT and MRI operations.” We’re cooperating with other hospitals laid atop the hospital’s scheduled tests and procedures. Further, Morency notes, Canada ranks “much lower” than most industrial countries when it comes to the number of MRI units per capita. “In the States, they spend more money on the capital side of their budget because it’s so competitive – if you can’t do this in a day or two and compete with your competitor down the street, you’re losing business. “I don’t think that it is a shocker for people to realize that Eastern Ontario has too few scanners per capita. The ministry is looking [primarily] at our efficiency. We were ranked as one of most efficient MR programs in Ontario. Despite the fact we’re one of the most efficient, we still have this wait-time problem.” He asks: “Is every machine site or piece of equipment operating at same level? We’re the only facility providing 24/5 cov- a custom home by Minto erage in MRI sites. The Queensway-Car- leton, the Montfort, CHEO and ourselves [all] have MRIs.” Distinctive and Prestigious Living At least two MRIs at the Civic and one at the General campus operate around the in Canada’s National Capital clock, Monday to Friday, and operate one Sixteen sites in five different locations in Ottawa – including waterfront or two shifts on Saturday or Sunday. At lots – are available to build your custom home. least one of three CATscan machines at the Civic campus and two at the General also operate around the clock during the week, A Near-Completed Waterfront Custom Home Awaits Your Finishing Touch along with one or two shifts on the week- The Stirling-Water custom waterfront home in Winding Way offers 5,991 square end. The Riverside outpatient facility only feet of living space on three levels featuring covered decks, a four-car garage, a operates its CATscan during the week. nanny suite, a master suite overlooking the river, and much more. With the isotope shortage, the CT/PET fusion scanner at the General has recently been approved for general patient use To learn more about this exceptional instead of research – and has gone from residence offered for sale at $1,949,000, two days to five days a week operation. or other exclusive opportunities, contact The Ottawa Hospital also sends patients Jeff Low at [email protected] or call to Winchester District Memorial Hospital 613-782-5749, or customhomesbyminto.com and to the U of O’s Heart Institute for
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and we’re working with suppliers.” within another day, she has a biopsy. If the but the Dutch Patten Reactor, another In contrast, in Ogdensburg, Dr. Jarrett biopsy indicates she has cancer, referral Moly-99 producer, is due to go offline for sells easy availability: “Quick convenient is made to an oncologist within a week. six months of scheduled servicing starting access is really what we have to offer.” It takes one or two days to start radiation in the first quarter of 2010. Or, as Laura Shea, director of commu- therapy and about seven business days to “We’ve been able to survive by incred- nity relations and planning at Claxton- begin chemotherapy. Costs, which vary ibly hard work by our technologists and Hepburn, puts it: “If you’re able to trade patient to patient, are close to US$75,000 clinical colleagues and by changing pro- money for time, we can help with that.” plus physician fees of $9,000 for prostate cess and practice to maximize the use of In two days from referral, a patient can the medical isotopes we have”, says Dr. undergo a scan in the 40-slice CT Scanner Sandy McEwan. He chairs the department (CATscan). Costs range between US$800 of oncology at the University of Alberta, and $1,200; chest scan costs a little more served as past president of the Society than $1,000. An MRI of the brain, a com- of Nuclear Medicine in the U.S. and was mon test, costs about $1,700 with a simi- named special adviser on medical isotopes larly short wait time. to Federal Health Minister Leona Agluk- “I speak to an awful lot of Canadians kaq. who say they’re willing to spend that “Is this sustainable over the long term? money as compared to waiting three Probably not. Can we learn from what or six months to get something like a we’ve done to give us a medium-term CATScan that their family doctor has rec- approach to this? Probably yes,” says Dr. ommended,” says Dr. Jarrett. “I also speak McEwan. to Canadian patients who say ‘I don’t Carol Sawka, of Cancer Care Ontario, want to spend the money and I’d rather Claxton-Hepburn Medical Center. says surveyed regions could find “no wait.’” evidence of a negative impact on cancer Dr. Eden-Walker doesn’t disagree with “we’ve had embassy people patients to be scanned as they need.” A buying speedy service. In the Canadian who have come down combination of predicting supplies, sub- system, he says, if a person’s spinal disc/ stituting tests using a disseminated list disk is crushing a nerve, an MRI scan is here with abdominal pain and and Ontario’s decision to allow fluoride not difficult to schedule. If it’s back or other symptoms. They got here PETscans to be used for patients’ bone neck pain, it can be a wait of months. “If I and we diagnosed appendicitis scans rather than research – the one scan were the person and had $1,000 to spend for which there really is no substitute – – at least two cases of embassy on the procedure, yes, I’d do that.” He’s has allowed us to keep pace with patient seen his patients head to Quebec for a fast people whose appendix we demand.” scan. Why? Part of the reason is that many removed on an emergency basis Dr. McEwan agrees. “At the moment, orthopedic surgeons will see patients only we don’t have alternative tests for infec- the same day.” after they have had a required scan, he tion for the kidney, for lung scanning, for says. sentinel mode imaging (looking at the “Prompt-pay” patients at Claxton-Hep- cancer treatment. Breast cancer treatment lymph node that drains the breast for can- burn – those who are treated there must costs $34,000 plus $7,500 for physician cer), liver and gastroenterological bleed pay as services are rendered – get a 15 fees. studies. percent discount which, Dr. Jarrett readily By comparison, the Ottawa Hospital’s Ministry of Health spokesman David explains, helps the hospital’s cash flow. In three campuses average 42 days from Jensen says: “There has been no significant contrast, in Canada, people not covered booking breast surgery to its completion, backlog of patients for diagnostic proce- by OHIP may pay double the OHIP rates. Queensway-Carleton averages 38 days dures reported to the ministry. Ontario has Med-Team Clinic charges $32 to see a fam- and Montfort Hospital averages 29 days been able to manage existing patients with ily doctor for possible bronchitis which, – all well under the 84-day provincial a reduced allocation of medical isotopes for someone without OHIP would cost target. through its medical isotope disruption close to $60. General surgical wait times have many plan. Ontarians are not being referred to Claxton-Hepburn, a full-service re- factors. It’s possible that the already frag- the United States because demand is cur- gional hospital, has 153 beds and more ile supplies could be affected by a new rently being met in Ontario.” than 40 physicians, a cancer centre and a world-wide shortage of medical isotopes. Ontario is also underwriting a clinical burns unit. Doctors refer complex cancer It was precipitated by a leak discovered trial of sodium fluoride (18F) that might surgery, neurosurgery or invasive cardiol- in May at the aged National Research be able to do bone scans on up to 2,000 ogy workups to such centres as to Syra- Universal reactor at Chalk River Labora- patients. Fast approvals for sodium fluo- cuse; Burlington (Vermont), Boston and tories – the third shutdown in two years. ride for bone scans, says Health Canada, Manhattan. Canada depends on it for 80 to 85 percent has made these scans available at the the At Claxton-Hepburn, a patient can of its Molybdenum-99 supply, which is University of Sherbrooke Hospital in Que- swiftly move from diagnosis to treatment, then refined at Kanata’s MDS Nordion bec, McMaster University and the Cross Ms Shea says. A woman, for example, can facility into Technetium-99m. Technetium Cancer Institute in Alberta. get a mammogram within two days. If it’s is used in nearly 80 percent of all nuclear Provincial and the federal governments abnormal, she’s called back next day to medicine scans. Not only is Chalk River’s have additional pictures taken. If need be, re-opening delayed until spring 2010, Continued on page 67
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The Arctic Ocean: ‘The new Mediterranean Sea’ Doug St r u ck
Michael Byers stands on the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen in the Northwest Passage.
Michael Byers, who holds a research chair DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE: How would you driven by climate change, that has made in global politics and international law at characterise the state of the controversy the dispute over the Passage of incred- the University of British Columbia, is one about ownership of the Northwest Pas- ible relevance today. The Passage offers of the leading authorities on the future of sage? a roughly 7,000-kilometre or 4,000-mile the Northwest Passage and related top- MICHAEL BYERS: It’s complex. The two shortcut between, say, Shanghai and ics. His new book, Who Owns the Arctic: principal players are the United States New Jersey. So the aspiration that British Understanding Sovereignty Disputes in the and Canada. The dispute over whether explorers had for the Northwest Passage North (Douglas & McIntyre, $24.95 paper), is Canada can control access to the North- will finally come through: A trade route. his seventh. He is 42 and grew up in Ottawa west Passage was not actually of much Unfortunately, it comes with risks of the and in rural Saskatchewan, the child of two importance because of the presence kind not foreseen in the 18th and 19th cen- federal government scientists. He has a law throughout the year – until fairly recently turies. The biggest risk is climate change. degree from McGill University, a PhD from – of thick hard multi-year ice that ren- That’s the driver of everything that’s Cambridge and a doctorate of philosophy dered the Passage impenetrable to all but happening in the Arctic, and one has to from Oxford. His short-form resumé lists the most powerful icebreakers. What has understand the Arctic very much within 16 pages of articles, essays, op-ed pieces, changed in the past three years is that the this framework. lectures, comments on legal cases – and Passage has become ice-free every sum- grants received. In the most recent federal mer. The season of ice-free water is likely DM: How is that a risk rather than a ben- election, he stood as the NDP candidate in to be extended by weeks and months in efit to those people going from Shanghai Vancouver Centre but failed to dislodge the future, with the very real possibility to New Jersey? Hedy Fry, who has held the seat for the that the Passage could become navigable MB: The disappearing ice is a benefit, Liberals since 1993. But he intends to try 12 months a year by 2012, say, or 2015. but there will still be substantial risk again. He spoke with George Fetherling, There still will be ice in the wintertime involving shipping. We’re talking about one of Diplomat’s contributing editors, but it will be soft, relatively thin first- an age of increasingly unpredictable and about the future of the Northwest Passage, year ice and the Northwest Passage will extreme weather events. There are more and of the Arctic more generally, in this resemble the Gulf of St. Lawrence or the icebergs off Greenland than ever before. age of drastic climate change and growing Baltic Sea. Associated with that shipping risk, we’re nationalism. So it’s the disappearance of the ice, likely to see, as we move into an era of
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climate crisis around the world, more the construction costs are going up as the boundary limitation between Canada threats from non-state actors, akin to permafrost melts, so I can imagine that oil and Greenland, but it’s very minor in size what we’re seeing off the coast of Somalia and particularly natural gas will be going and very amendable to negotiated solu- today. Shipping is not going to be safe, al- out through Canada’s Arctic waters. And tions. Then, potentially, there may be an though it will be economically attractive, in the short term and from an environ- overlap between Canadian, Russian and short term. And, of course, any shipping mental perspective, that may not actually perhaps Danish claims on a ridge in the imposes risks to the environment – to be such a bad thing. If you have a choice middle of the Arctic Ocean. Again, these people, to flora and fauna, not just in the between burning natural gas or bitumen overlaps will be a relatively small part of water but also on shore. The parallel that from the tar sands, you’d take natural gas the whole. Maybe five or 10 per cent of I like to point out to people – one that’s any day. the Russian or Canadian claim will over- been pointed out to me by Inuit living in lap with the other country’s claim, if that. the North – is the Exxon Valdez tragedy DM: How substantial or realistic are the There certainly are mechanisms in the of two decades ago which resulted in the sovereignty claims of the Russians and Law of the Sea convention for assessing largest oil spill in (North American) his- certain Scandinavian countries? the relative weight of each country’s claim tory and caused permanent damage to MB: The Arctic is, of course, a very big in terms of its persuasive power, according the southern coast of Alaska. That kind of place. The Arctic Ocean is measured in to the criteria set out in the treaty. But the accident in the Northwest Passage would thousands of kilometres. Each of the five more important thing here is that all the actually have an even more severe impact Arctic Ocean coastal countries has a sub- five Arctic Ocean countries – Russia, the in terms of oil clean-up equipment and stantial length of undisputed sovereign United States, Canada, Denmark and Nor- so on, because of the cold water-temper- coastline and, under the Law of the Sea, way – are working within the framework atures there and the increased distances of the treaty and have agreed to work to between ports. peacefully solve any disputes. “The more important DM: But isn’t it true that the threat will be DM: But some are more aggressive than lessened in the future as the world comes thing here is that all the others, it seems. to depend on other forms of energy? Isn’t MB: They’re portrayed as more aggres- much of the debate not about oil as a the five Arctic Ocean sive, often for reasons of domestic poli- cargo but rather about oil on the seabed? tics. Sometimes one gets this somewhat MB: You’re referring to the separate sov- countries – Russia, confusing double-speak coming out of ereignty issue, separate from that of the national governments. For instance, at Northwest Passage, which concerns the the United States, the same time that Canadian Defence accessing and exploitation of hydrocar- Minister Peter MacKay was complain- bons within Canada’s current jurisdic- Canada, Denmark and ing about Russian bombers flying over tion – the Arctic Islands – and potentially the Beaufort Sea north of Canadian offshore in areas we may be able to claim Norway – are working airspace, the senior lawyer in the Cana- under the United Nations Convention on dian department of foreign affairs was the Law of the Sea. But it’s important for within the framework in Moscow meeting with his Russian people not to get too excited about these counterpart and negotiating with a view High Arctic fossil fuel resources because of the treaty and to submitting coordinated claims to the they are so remote and currently so ex- United Nations commission on the limits pensive to access. We’re probably not have agreed to work of the continental shelf. So behind closed going to get to them for two – or three, doors at the level of the senior bureau- or four – decades, and if we haven’t to peacefully solve crats within foreign affairs and defence substantially reduced our reliance on there is also a great deal of coordination. fossil fuel in that time, we’re in really big any disputes.” Sometimes, however, politicians with trouble. motives more domestic in orientation One can imagine the sequestration of like to play up the possibility of sover- the carbon and other things but in the eignty disputes. long term we certainly won’t be looking will have sovereign rights over the con- There’s a long tradition of this. All the at fossil fuels as some sort of panacea for tinental shelf offshore, extending, poten- Arctic countries have done this from time our energy needs, for we will, we hope, tially, 350 miles (560 kilometres) or more, to time. It can be quite frustrating because have shifted on to alternative sources. In under some very complex legal provi- obviously the public rhetoric can some- the near term, however, and as relates to sions in the treaty. Existing sovereignty times impede the quiet diplomacy. Some- the Northwest Passage, there will be ship- disputes are with respect to the delimita- times one’s country’s narrow interests will ping, including oil and gas, going through tion of boundaries between adjacent coast have a negative impact on another coun- because of the relative accessibility of states. So Canada and the United States, try’s foreign policy goals. In the case of those resources in the Beaufort Sea and the sharing the Beaufort Sea, are in a dispute Peter MacKay, his rhetorical emphasis and north slope of Alaska. For, perversely, the involving several thousand square miles exaggeration about Russian actions in the melting of the permafrost on land is mak- of seabed, a relatively small area against Arctic was fairly directly reprimanded by ing it more difficult to build and maintain the very large canvas of the Arctic but the American four-star general in charge pipelines. I don’t think the Mackenzie something we still need to deal with. We of the North American Aerospace Defense Valley Pipeline will ever be built, because have another small dispute involving the Command who, shortly after Mr. MacKay
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made his comments, told journalists that concerns even acknowledged, much less months drafting a very compelling Inuit the Russians had “acted professionally”. as accepted as valid? Yes, that comes declaration on sovereignty, which they It was a remarkable moment (a four-star through again and again. then released at a press conference the day general coming that close to actually cor- Some Inuit who have become, shall we before the next meeting of these ministers. recting an allied defence minister). But say, more southernized will express this The point, and it was very expressive in that’s part of the tension that goes on be- fairly directly. John Amagoalik, who was this declaration, was essentially this: “You hind the scenes. There is cooperation. But the lead negotiator for the Inuit in the Nu- didn’t invite us, and you shouldn’t do that sometimes there are also public flourishes navut land claims agreement, has come as again.” Again, this is different from the aimed at the media and, through the me- close as anyone in his comments. He once way other peoples might approach the dia, the general public. told me an anecdote – it’s in my book – situations. about being in a meeting at the United The Inuit are not a people who are in- DM: Should we be surprised that there Nations in Geneva and hearing a foreign clined to anger or violence. But the state of isn’t more protest or participation by diplomat say casually that no one lives in frustration about their exclusion, about the the indigenous peoples in the Canadian the Arctic. John made a point of going up lack of consideration, and the failure on North? to him afterward, holding out his hand the part of the Canadian federal govern- MB: You’re right, there hasn’t been a lot and saying, “Hi, I’m nobody, I’m no one.” ment, in particular, to keep its promises, of protest, certainly not in the sense that That’s a different way of conveying the have some of them speaking quietly about we might see Mohawks manning the bar- message and still a pretty powerful one. the possibility of, for instance, renouncing ricades in southern Ontario or southern To give you another example, in May their support for Canadian sovereignty in Quebec. But that has to be explained 2008, the Danish government convened a the Northwest Passage. Even the fact that in part by the different character of the summit of the Arctic Ocean countries at they’re discussing it among themselves Inuit. It was explained to me by an Inuit Ilulissat, Greenland, and brought foreign should get the attention of everyone and friend that the Inuit don’t get angry. For ministers together to talk about coop- signal just how important it is, not just thousands of years they have chosen eration in the North. The Inuit were not at the level of fairness – for there is obvi- never to show anger. If you’re living in invited. Even though they have an inter- ously a major fairness issue here – but also an incredibly hostile environment, anger national organisation, the Inuit Circum- in terms of Canadian sovereignty. These is simply not a viable option. Is there dis- polar Council, which is a very effective people are so relatively few but they con- quiet? Is there frustration? Oh, absolutely. force in international politics, they simply tribute to the claims to a part of Canada Frustration at being excluded or at least were not invited. The Inuit response to that amounts to one-fifth of our territory. not being consulted, at not having one’s that was to spend the next six or seven They’re pretty important.
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DM: How do you think southern Ca- own party’s policy on the North? nadians’ thinking about the North has MB: The NDP has some history in the changed since, say, the time of John North. I believe that the NDP has held Diefenbaker, with all his blustering opti- all [three] federal seats in the North at mism? one time or another and has had an NDP MB: Mr. Diefenbaker didn’t really follow premier in the only territory that has (po- through on his 1958 campaign promise litical) parties (Yukon). One of those three concerning the Arctic. A number of politi- MPs is Dennis Bevington, NDP member cians since his time have also played the for the Western Arctic. Our policies and Arctic sovereignty card. Mr. Trudeau did perspectives on the North are very simi- in 1970 with the Arctic Waters Pollution lar to the NDP’s policies and perspectives Protection Act. Mr. Mulroney did so in with regard to the South. The focus is 1985-86, including making some very on social justice, health care, housing, grand promises about buying nuclear education — all of which are in circum- submarines and massive polar icebreak- stances of crisis in the North. Those, plus ers – none of which ever actually hap- a general reluctance to engage in military pened. And now we have Stephen Harper spending unless it’s absolutely necessary, who’s playing the Arctic sovereignty card for certainly as regards Arctic sovereignty, again and also not delivering on his it’s unclear whether the military should promises, at least not yet. Whether from a play much of a role at all, given that we military angle or a resource development have agencies like the Coast Guard and angle, at the moment it’s mostly rhetoric. the RCMP that have many decades of The point is that all these politicians have experience and deal quite effectively with recognised some electoral value in put- the challenges that arise. ting the Arctic forward. I have to assume that Mr. Harper’s advisors are polling on DM: Is there some sort of political or this issue and have discovered that it’s geopolitical agenda at the back of the cur- worth coming back to again and again rent search for shipwrecks from Sir John and again. Some Canadians clearly care Franklin’s expedition? And have we a about this. With climate change and other hope in hell of finding them? environmental concerns quickly climb- MB: To answer the second part first, I ing up the agenda in terms of the general don’t know. But I strongly suspect that if public’s principal issues – and in view of we had been cooperating with and listen- the fact that Arctic sovereignty now has ing more closely to the Inuit in the course real implications in terms of accessibly of of the past century, we would have found this place and attracts not just domestic them by now, if they are to be found. The media attention but international atten- accuracy of the Inuit oral history is a very tion, too – the Arctic is something that important and often overlooked feature Canadians care about as much as they in the North. I don’t know whether it’s ever did, even if the drivers of their con- too late now, but if we had been inter- cerns are somewhat different today. viewing Inuit elders in the early 20th The more interesting question, I think, Century, I’m pretty sure they could have is whether we’re going to see a Canadian taken us to where we needed to go. prime minister or other party leader do On the other issue, on a purely legal what Mr. Diefenbaker did and actually level, finding the Franklin ships would put forward a major vision for the North, make no difference whatsoever. Franklin one that goes beyond six armed patrol ves- himself made no particular contribution sels, to actually talk about embracing the directly to either Britain’s or Canada’s opportunity that comes with having the claims in the Arctic. He did, however, world’s longest coastline, most of it on this through his misfortune or incompetence, new Mediterranean Sea that is opening spark several dozen rescue voyages; and up on the top of the planet. Yes, there are those voyages have become very impor- huge risks, and no one should downplay tant, because it was those British explorers the negative aspects of climate change. But looking for Franklin who actually mapped we are going to have an ice-free coastline most of the archipelago, thus establish- that is, in fact, the longest coastline of any ing British title by discovery, which was country in the world. There’s going to be subsequently transferred to Canada in an awful lot happening in our North, and 1880. So we can thank Franklin for having we’re either going to be active or respon- become lost. sive to that – or not. George Fetherling is Diplomat’s books DM: How would you summarise your editor.
36 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC BOOKS|DELIGHTS
And now for “Nixon, Richard M.—maladroitness of” you find some of the 37th president’s bet- something ‘new ter faux pas, as when he approached Jac- queline Kennedy at Martin Luther King’s in paperback’ funeral and said, “This must bring back many memories, Mrs. Kennedy.” Or when he descended the steps of Notre-Dame in By George Fetherling Paris following Charles de Gaulle’s funeral in 1970 and told the world’s media, “This eople who give talks on book is a great day for France.” reviewing enjoy quoting from a There are probably many reasons why Ppiece called “Confessions of a Book such a large number of books about the slow Reviewer” that George Orwell wrote death of European colonialism in Asia fol- in 1946. Orwell begins by painting a lowing the Second World War have appeared composite picture of a poor freelance re- in the past few years. There’s the rise of the viewer who has had to move to a modest Indian and Chinese economies, the death of country cottage because he can’t afford those who could object most strongly, the London any longer. The cottage is littered opening of old archives. Perhaps there’s even with stale cups of tea and “unpaid bills.” a certain geopolitical nostalgia for a time Its occupant, who looks 20 when empires and nascent na- years older than he really is, tions (rather than superpowers wears a “moth-eaten dress- and religions) fought one an- ing gown.” A parcel arrives other. In any case, such books from one of the Fleet Street have a strong enough follow- literary editors. He opens it ing to guarantee a second life in with apprehension. Inside paperback. are four works of non-fiction: Some of the authors are Palestine at the Cross Roads, American, such as Ronald Scientific Dairy Farming, A H. Spector, the author of In Short History of European De- the Ruins of Empire: The Japa- mocracy and Tribal Customs in nese Surrender and the Battle Portuguese East Africa. There for Postwar Asia (Random is also a novel entitled It’s George Orwell House of Canada, $19). Most, Better Lying Down. The editor however, are British. Their has enclosed a thoughtful note suggesting works range from the more popular end that they all “ought to go well together.” of serious narrative history, such as Alex The piece is worth remembering as the von Tunzelman’s Indian Summer: The Secret only known example of Orwell’s sense of History of the End of an Empire (McClelland humour. But it also has the timeless utility & Stewart, $21), to the more scholarly, such of being more or less true, in the sense that as Forgotten Wars: The End of Britain’s Asian it shows that writers who review books Empire (Penguin, $20) by Christopher for newspapers don’t have easy lives. Bayly and Tim Harper. One of the most Their bosses refer to books as “tomes” astute and certainly most prolific authors or “reads”— defined as something “au- working in this field is John Keay, who has thored” (or “penned”) by “wordsmiths” or a wide following for books on South and “scribes” to be purchased only at Christ- Southeast Asia. His highly worthwhile mastime and read only while lying on a Last Post: The End of Empire in the Far East beach. But another belief of such editors (McArthur & Co., $18.95) is a seamless — that “new in paperback” columns are reconsideration of the whole topic. useful — has actual merit. There’s always BBC correspondents in the U.S. must a wealth of new reprints of worthwhile feel as though the ghost of Alistair Cooke books that eluded us in hard covers. is shadowing them. After some years ex- One perfect example is Journals 1952- plaining Britain to America on the radio, 2000 by Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., the late Mr. Cooke switched to the equally difficult U.S. academic historian forever associated task of explaining America to Britain, with the presidency of John F. Kennedy, particularly in the weekly “Letter from whom he served in such an array of capac- America” he broadcast from 1946 to just ities that they could be grouped only un- before his death in 2004. The present chief der the title “special adviser.” It is a book correspondent of the BBC in America is (Penguin Group Canada, $22) of much Matt Frei, based in Washington. By con- wry gossip and many revealing anecdotes. trast, his job is not to help two allied na- For example, by checking the index under tions hold hands but rather to explain and
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 37 DELIGHTS|books
analyse for the often disbelieving audience back home a country that seems, at least to outsiders, numbed by its culture, crippled by fear and maimed by violence. In the tritely titled Only in America (HarperCollins Canada, $24.95), Mr. Frei expertly exploits his almost complete ease of access in attempting to clarify America’s religiosity, its obsession with security, the power of its think tanks – all sorts of is- sues – while not withholding credit for its perks. “Don’t get me wrong,” he writes. “I love the tyranny of comfort. I am a very willing subject. Who can deny the beauty of American power showers? Even the cheapest motel in the darkest recesses of Arkansas or Oklahoma will have a hydro unit (i.e., a shower) that can peel off your skin at precision-adjusted temperatures. In Europe the only agencies with access to such water pressure are the riot police.” Some paperback reprints have an added appeal in that they have been revised and updated as a response to new research or changing conditions. Some examples: Spencer R. Weart’s The Discovery of Global Warming (Harvard University Press, US$16.95), showing how the current think- ing on the subject gained critical mass in the scientific community, first appeared in 2003. Subsequent events and new findings that strengthen his conclusions have been worked into the text. Peter Hoffmann, a McGill University historian, first published his biography of Claus Stauffenberg, the attempted as- sassin of Adolf Hitler, in German. Further research about the anti-authoritarian lean- ings of the aristocratic Stauffenberg family has resulted in a new edition of the Eng- lish-language version of Mr. Hoffmann’s Stauffenberg: A Family History, 1905-1944 (McGill-Queen’s University Press, $32.95). Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies by two Canadian historians, John Herd Thompson (Duke University) and Stephen J. Randall (University of Cal- gary), is to say the least a standard work. An updated new edition, the fourth, has appeared from the University of Georgia Press (US$24.95). The Mess They Made: The Middle East after Iraq by Gwynne Dyer (McClelland & Stewart, $19.95) needed revision now that the U.S. is making Afghanistan its mili- tary priority. Mr. Dyer has added a new chapter arguing that the principal victim of the Iraq war has been the reputation of the United Nations.
George Fetherling is Diplomat’s books editor.
38 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC history|DELIGHTS
A 17th-Century female entrepreneur
By Laura Neilson Bonikowsky
he traditional patriar- co-managed family enterprises, chal view of history and it was not unheard of for Th a s t e nde d to l ac k women to inherit, and then to feminine subjects. That is manage, large businesses. Un- certainly the case with the der dower rights, a widow had history of New France. In fact, histo- a legally guaranteed interest in one-third rians disagree on how to interpret the of her husband’s estate upon which his status of women in New France, where creditors could make no claim. Lady Kirke exceptional circumstances reshaped certainly made the most of her inheritance, the typical European woman’s role. So though it could have been easier to return it’s not surprising that many people are to England to the protection of her family. unaware that women were significant Although there is little documentation to Canada’s early economy as entrepre- describing her activities in New France, neurs. Indeed, most have not heard of what exists shows an astute manager. Her Lady Sara Kirke, who may have been the husband left a substantial debt of £60,000. most successful woman entrepreneur in Although there is no indication she paid 17th-Century Canada. the debt, the fact that the debt existed sug- Of course we know there were women gests that she was not financially secure in the New World and the colony of New when she assumed control of the planta- France. As students, we learned of tradi- tion, which she not only kept going, but tional women’s roles. Indigenous women expanded. were active contributors to their commu- Census figures from the 1660s and nities’ economies and European women 1670s show that Lady Kirke owned more arrived as housewives and helpmates in equipment and employed more fishermen their husbands’ businesses. And we may and processors than most Avalon planters, know of the filles du Roi, mainly beggars including her sons. In 1675, only five per and orphans, ‘daughters of the king,’who cent of planters, Lady Kirke among them, became male-ordered brides, shipped to owned as many as five boats. Her sons New France from 1663 to 1673 to balance George, David and Phillip also owned the genders in the colony. But women en- boats, but only Phillip owned as many as trepreneurs? his mother. From the 1630s on, female religious The evidence of Lady Kirke’s success societies played a role in the colony’s ma- does not rest solely on the number of terial, social and spiritual development. boats she operated. She ran her business By mid-century many women sold goods, in a politically volatile environment. When kept inns and gambling establishments, the monarchy was restored and Charles II and sponsored trading expeditions, and claimed the throne in 1660, the ownership they were as successful as men. of Ferryland was uncertain. Lady Kirke Sara Kirke was the wife of Sir David petitioned the king, promising her loyalty, Kirke, first governor of Newfoundland. but Charles’s legal advisers favoured Cecil He expropriated Ferryland, on the Avalon Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, who Peninsula, from George Calvert, Lord was ultimately granted administrative Baltimore, under a 1638 patent for New- rights to the property. Although Calvert foundland Plantations granted by Charles never exercised his rights, Lady Kirke ran I. The property, which became known as her enterprise under the threat of losing it, the Pool Plantation, prospered under Sir either administratively or to raids by en- David, but he made enemies politically emies of the English monarch. When Pool and among fishing merchants. In 1651, he Plantation was sacked and burned by the was recalled to England for withholding Dutch in 1673, Lady Kirke rebuilt her busi- taxes and imprisoned on a suit resulting ness to become one of the largest Avalon from the Ferryland seizure; he died in enterprises of the time. Could a man have prison in 1654. done better? Lady Kirke managed the plantation during her husband’s absences and in- Laura Neilson Bonikowsky is the associ- herited it upon his death. Many women ate editor of The Canadian Encyclopedia.
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 39 DELIGHTS|WINE
Wine’s contribution to Earth Day
riginally conceived in 1970 by U.S. conditions for a spe- Senator Gaylord Nelson as a focal cific vintage. The less Opoint of American environmental manipulation incurred protest, Earth Day has grown to become a by the grape grower global day of awareness. Once considered and winemaker, the only of importance to a fringe minority, less hindered the ex- April 22 has, 39 years later, become rel- pression of terroir and evant to modern culture, politics and, yes, the better the wine Pieter even wine. Van den Weghe will be. That’s the the- This past Earth Day saw the release ory at least. Along the of Canada’s first “biodynamic” wine: way though, there can be hazards, and Southbrook Vineyards’ 2008 Cabernet many of these are difficult to combat with- Rosé. Received as a tremendous success out the use of pesticides and fungicides. for its quality, it also heralded the arrival Or are they? of the biodynamic movement to Canadian Organic grape growing and wine mak- wine. Though many purchased this tasty ing is not new. Domaine Pierre Robert little wine because of its certification, and of the Chateauneuf-du-Pape region has most of them may have a general idea been growing grapes organically since of what an organic wine is, they prob- 1982 while Fetzer Vineyards has been ably have only a vague concept of what cultivating several hundred acres of a biodynamic wine is. And who could grapes organically for more than 20 years. Though definitions and standards vary from country to country, wine is generally considered to be organic if the grapes from which it was produced are grown without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides. Also, the wine- making techniques be organic as well. That means they can’t use flavour addi- tives, prefer wild yeasts for fermentation and either prohibit or control their use of sulphur dioxide. This all sounds good. What could be healthier for us and the planet? Many believe the answer to that question was provided by an Austrian in the early 1920s. The story of the biodynamic movement
s out hbr oo k winery is as interesting and strange as the man responsible for its creation. Rudolf Steiner blame them? After all, the world of wine is (1861-1925) founded a form of spiritual already full of heady amounts of informa- philosophy called anthroposophy, pub- tion and confusing structures. lished more than 300 volumes of work and The ‘typical’ growing of grapes to pro- dispensed ideas on art, education, politics duce wine (viticulture) may seem quite and religion. Somewhere along the way, organic already. Quality wine grapes tend he also designed a dozen buildings. to come from vines in warm, dry climates The biodynamic movement grew from where the risk of disease is relatively a series of lectures Steiner gave in present- low, and treatment with chemicals occurs day Poland a year before his death. He less frequently than with other forms of proposed a holistic agricultural system agriculture. Also, fertilizers are generally which advocated the nourishing of the soil eschewed because lower yields produce by natural means set to the rhythms of the finer wines. Finally, there’s the sometimes cosmos. This, at times, may mean stuffing debated but generally accepted philoso- a cow’s horn with the manure of a lactat- phy that wine is made in the vineyard. ing cow and burying it in the ground. It’s Grape growers and winemakers act as easy to see why others consider him an ec- stewards allowing the grapes to express centric crank at best and a scientific fraud a sense of place and time through the soil at worst. The truly crazy thing, however, composition, topography and climactic is biodynamic methods have produced
40 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC WINE|DELIGHTS
some amazing results, and his influence on modern wine production, therefore, cannot be ignored. Many wine estates are now run, par- tially or in whole, along biodynamic prin- ciples. These include Vosne-Romanée’s Domaine Leroy, the Rhône’s Chapoutier and California’s Bonny Doon. Perhaps the most vehement standard bearer for the biodynamic wine movement is Nicholas Joly. He produces one of the Loire’s most famous and age-worthy whites, Clos de la Coulée-de-Serrant, from a single vineyard farmed completely according to biody- namic principles. Not only is the soil Offering Free treated with animal and vegetable matter, minerals and herbs, but all activities such Courier Service - as planting, harvesting, and bottling take place at a time dictated by the positions Always ensuring the best service for For your personal of planets and the intensity of light and the diplomatic community, Accu-Rate consultation please call: heat. Corporation offers free courier service Marie Boivin While it is easy to be distracted by the for embassy currency exchanges and Managing Director movement’s more eccentric aspects, there’s payroll conversion. 613-596-5505 ext. 101 no denying the quality of biodynamically [email protected] produced wines. They are as good as or better than organic and regular wines. And, every lover of wine has experienced Accu-Rate Corporation World Exchange Plaza a sense of connection with the place that a Accu-Rate Corporation wine came from. It’s hard to disagree with 2573 Carling Ave. 111 Albert St. Foreign Exchange & International Payment Services any method which nurtures and respects www.accu-rate.ca (613) 596-5505 (613) 238-8454 the sanctity of that place so much.
Pieter Van den Weghe is the sommelier at Beckta dining & wine.
DWS_Ad_Sept_09_FINAL.indd 1 9/2/2009 11:11:12 AM d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 41 DELIGHTS|ENTERTAINING
Putting thanks into Thanksgiving
n countries around the world, the to feature products har- presented in individual over-sized cognac harvest gives way to a sense of thank- vested from both land glasses and crowned with the above deca- Ifulness. It is a time to reflect and to and water. dent whipped cream topping. recognize the blessings which have come Although turkey will Happy Thanksgiving and bon appétit. from the land. Regardless of geography, be the main attraction Thanksgiving celebrations are typically in many homes, racks Margaret Dickenson is author of the defined by several common character- of lamb are frequently international award-winning cookbook istics. Families come together to enjoy a on our Thanksgiving Margaret’s Table – Easy Cooking & Inspiring special meal of locally harvested produce Margaret menu, primarily be- Entertaining. See www.margaretstable.ca Dickenson and Thanksgiving tables are adorned cause of the way the for more. with fall flowers and gourds to highlight lamb can be presented. I like cutting the the importance of the season. cooked racks into two- or three-rib sec- Seed-crusted Rack of Lamb In Canada, Thanksgiving always oc- tions. Then, for individual servings, I take Makes 4 to 6 servings curs on the second Monday in October. two sections and arrange them in pairs in With back-to-school routines established, a standing position with the bones point- 3 lb (1.3 kg) frenched* racks of lamb, children are into a frantic schedule of ex- ing inward and interlocking with each trimmed tra curricular activities. Adults enroll in other to resemble hands placed together Coating Paste a myriad of courses, exercise classes and in thanks. My mustard mint sauce and 1/3 cup (80 mL) grainy Dijon mustard special interest clubs. Summer wardrobes sweet potato cream are essential accom- 3 tbsp (45 mL) balsamic vinegar are tucked away and winter clothing paniments. 2 tbsp (30 mL) freshly-crushed coriander retrieved. Freezing and preserving must A platter of Canadian cheeses and seeds get done, gardens must be “put to bed” artisanal breads may be included in the 2 tbsp (30 mL) chopped fresh rosemary for the winter, cottages must be closed menu before dessert is served, or as an leaves and boats must be docked. So sometimes, alternative to dessert, particularly when 1 1/2 tbsp (23 mL) buckwheat honey Thanksgiving dinner preparations can garnished with fall fruit and berries. 1 1/2 tbsp (23 mL) finely-chopped fresh come up short. However, for most, Thanksgiving dinner garlic To that end, choose a Thanksgiving would not be complete without dessert – 2 tsp (10 mL) whole mustard seeds menu that’s easy to prepare. Don’t for- and general consensus would agree that it get that some elements of the menu can should be pumpkin pie. Don’t feel guilty if Garnish (Optional) already be on hand in the freezer and re- it is “store-bought.” Topped with whipped 2/3 cup (170 mL) Mustard Mint Sauce/ frigerator (soup, sauces, or dessert, for ex- cream (especially my whisky whipped Drizzle (homemade** or commercial) ample) and think ahead about how many cream), it is always a winner. But des- As desired colourful young salad leaves groceries to buy. sert could also be poached autumn fruit, and/or fresh chopped herbs As family and friends gather and last-minute preparations continue in the kitchen, guests will appreciate a glass of wine or cider, along with some hors d’oeuvres, encourages conversation, inti- macy and fellowship. Also, if unexpected delays develop in the kitchen, they will go unnoticed or be perceived as part of the host’s strategy to allow guests more time to mingle. At the table, think about offering three or four courses. You could start with a re- freshing seasonal salad, taking advantage of garden greens, fresh herbs, the last of the edible flowers, plus a wide variety of other autumn fruits and vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, melons, apples, pears, celery root). When it comes to soup, squash, pumpkin, roasted red bell pepper, mush- room or beet are good choices; and all lend themselves to being garnished with arry D ickens o n L arry pizzazz. I often garnish my squash or Seed-crusted rack of lamb with sweet potato cream roasted red bell pepper soup with seafood
42 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC ENTERTAINING|DELIGHTS
1. In a small bowl, mix together coating tard Mint Sauce and colourful young salad To taste salt paste ingredients. leaves or fresh herbs. 1/4 tsp (1 mL) (Indonesian) hot chili paste 2. Apply paste evenly over lamb flesh but * “Frenched” racks of lamb have the (optional) not over exposed bones. (Note: The racks meat cut away from the ends of the ribs so may be prepared to this point several that part of the bones are exposed. 1. Scrub sweet potatoes clean; with tines of hours in advance and refrigerated until 20 fork, prick skins in several places. minutes before roasting.) ** 1 cup (250 mL) of Mustard Mint Sauce: 2. Bake* until soft. As soon as potatoes 3. Twenty minutes to half an hour before In a small saucepan heat 1 cup (250 mL) of are cool enough to handle, remove and serving (depending on size of racks), ar- plain mint jelly (commercial) until melted. discard skins. range racks of lamb on a parchment-lined Whisk in 1 1/3 tbsp (20 mL) of Dijon 3. While sweet potatoes are still warm, baking sheet, fat side up. Place in middle mustard and 2 tsp (10 mL) of white wine mash flesh (or press through a “ricer”) to of preheated 450 °F (230 °C) oven for 10 vinegar to form a smooth sauce. Stir in 1 form a smooth purée. (Note: If “mashed” minutes. Reduce heat to 350 °F (180 °C) tsp (5 mL) of dried mint. In a small bowl, purée is fibrous, using a heavy rubber and continue to roast racks of lamb until combine 1 tsp (5 mL) of cornstarch with 1 spatula, rub purée through a coarse mesh desired degree of doneness is reached. tsp (5 mL) of cold water; whisk the mixture sieve.) Note: Use an instant read meat thermom- into the sauce until the sauce thickens. 4. In a small skillet over medium heat, eter inserted into thickest part of flesh to melt butter. Add chives, ginger and garlic; determine doneness (e.g., medium-rare: Deluxe Sweet Potato Cream cook until chives soften slightly. 135 °F or 57 °C). If racks are very small Makes 2 1/3 cups or 575 mL or 4 servings 5. Stir chive mixture into sweet potato and are to be served rare or medium-rare, purée. Add Dijon mustard, vinegar, salt check their internal temperature just 8 2 lbs (900 g) sweet potatoes and if desired, hot chili paste; blend well minutes after having put them in oven. 3 tbsp (45 mL) butter with a fork or spoon. (Note: Do not use a They may be done. 3 tbsp (45 mL) finely-chopped fresh chives blender as the potato mixture may become 4. Remove lamb from oven, tent with alu- 1 1/2 tsp (8 mL) peeled and grated fresh too soft and/or “gummy.”) minum foil (shiny side down) and allow to ginger root 6. Serve warm. rest 5 minutes. 1/2 tsp (3 mL) finely-chopped fresh garlic 5. Cut racks into chops or sections (as de- 2 tsp (10 mL) Dijon mustard * Sweet potatoes can be baked quickly sired). Arrange lamb artistically on plates 1/2 tsp (3 mL) raspberry vinegar (or red (about 12 to 15 minutes) in a microwave or a platter. Garnish with drizzles of Mus- wine vinegar) oven set at high heat. Ma Mon Cuisine Cadeau
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d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 43 DELIGHTS|residences
Hot sauce and warm hospitality
There’s plenty of dancing at the home of Barbados High Commissioner Evelyn Greaves By Margo Roston
The government of Barbados bought the Rockcliffe home in 1974 and built an addition 23 years later. Now the home can handle 150 people at a reception.
alk into the Rockcliffe home of There’s much here that pleases the added a large, bright addition that faces Barbados High Commissioner couple, who admit they like to watch the the garden and small patio. While the WEvelyn Greaves and his wife action on the roadway. “It brings life into main room of the addition is used for offi- Francilia and you’re entering a sensory the house,” Mrs. Greaves says, along with cial entertaining, it also included a small, pleasure zone. the sunlight that falls through its many cheerful breakfast room. The background music is calypso, the windows. Using the addition, there is room for scent is island spices and the garden is The house was originally built in 1948 150 people at an official reception, while filled with vivid yellows daisies, a show for Senator Wishart Robertson, a Nova the dining room seats 12 for dinner. The of pride for one of their country’s national Scotian who had a long and successful house with its classic centre hallway has colours. political career in Ottawa, serving from two sitting rooms on one side while the Flying fish, a delicate Barbadian spe- his appointment in 1943 until 1965. dining room is on the other. cialty, is on the menu in the gracious Dr. John Bert Ewing, surgeon-in-chief Pictures of traditional dancers and dining room, its table sprightly set with at the Ottawa General Hospital and pro- the sugar cane harvest are on the walls, turquoise napkins. The hosts promise the fessor of medicine at the University of Ot- brought by the Greaves from their own piquancy of hot sauce. tawa, bought the house at 368 Lisgar Rd. collection, along with a Barbadian scene There is nothing heavy or formal about in 1953 and it became a hub for tea parties created in delicate batik that is a highlight this official residence, perched as it is on and social gatherings organized by his of the dining room. Lining the reception the edge of Rockcliffe, looking out on the wife Ethel, the president of many volun- room are pictures of Barbados’ national tour buses wending their way along the teer organizations in Ottawa. “It is very heroes, a group of 10 ranging from Bussa, Parkway and beyond to the greenery of well constructed for entertaining,” says the leader of an 1816 slave rebellion, to Rockcliffe Park. Rather, the white stucco Sheena Pritchard, the Ewings’ daughter. Errol Walton Barrow, the first prime min- two-storey is filled with sunshine and the In 1974, the government of Barbados ister of Barbados, and international cricket anticipation of Caribbean delights. bought the property and later in 1997 celebrity Sir Garfield Sobers. Large green
44 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC residences|DELIGHTS
COMMITTED TO QUALITY INSPIRED BY DESIGN yanne W ils o n all p h oto s D yanne
Barbados High Commissioner Evelyn Greaves and his wife, Francilia; one of the many pieces of Barbadan art; the home is filled with greenery and light. Plan . Live . plants give the reception room a sense of vice books for young people and a book the tropics, while a small bar adds to the of poetry. C impression of a beach resort. Their pride in Barbados is happily in S “There’s lots of dancing here,” laughs evidence, and the couple makes sure to B the high commissioner, who has also tempt their guests with island specialties. hosted a large fundraiser for the Thirteen Fish cakes, a popular dish in Barbados, F Strings Chamber Orchestra that included are made with cod, originally imported U a week in Barbados as a prize. from Canada as cheap food for the slaves, S The high commissioner, a former says High Commissioner Greaves. B politician and cabinet minister, has been Conkies, or fried delicacies with a H in Canada for just over a year. On this cornmeal base, are also served, along with day, he’s proudly sporting a yellow and flying fish, not easy to find at Ottawa Designer showroom & blue tie, a buy from Sears in Florida, fish markets, so the couple loads up with which shows off his country’s national 200 or 300 of them when they are back professional workroom on premises colours. visiting their two daughters and grand- And while this first-ever posting and children. Then they stuff them into their 1134 Bank Street his stay in Canada are both new experi- freezer in Ottawa. ences, it’s not the same story for his wife. We had delicious flying fish for dinner (near Sunnyside) She is a graduate of the University of with the Greaves. Don’t miss an opportu- 613.730.9090 Toronto’s faculty of education who taught nity for a taste, and respect the hot sauce many years in Barbados before enrolling – it won’t disappoint. www.elitedraperies.ca at McGill to study guidance and counsel- ling. She is also the author of several ad- Margo Roston is Diplomat’s culture editor.
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 45 DELIGHTS|envoy’s album
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4. THIS PAGE : 1. Indonesian Ambassador Djoko Hardono and his wife, Ulfah, hosted a national day re- ception at their residence overlooking the Ottawa River on Aug.19. The two have since wound down their posting in Canada and returned to Indonesia so Mr. Hardono could retire. 2. The ambassador plays several traditional instruments, this Bondang Bem drum among them. 3. The embassy of the Dominican Republic held a concert at Library and Archives Canada Sept. 4. From left: Soprano Heidi Jost, pianist Sheryl Malloy and violinist Eugenio Matos, who is also a special adviser at the Dominican embassy. 4. Peter Milliken, speaker of the House of Commons, hosted a Diplomat's Day in his home riding of Kingston June 23. The event included a boat tour. Mr. Milliken is shown here with Slavica Dimovska, chargée d'affaires for Macedonia. (Photos: Jake Wright) 5. The GK Walk, which raises money to help build homes for the poor in the Philippines and other developing countries in South- East Asia, took place at Vincent Massey Park Aug. 23. GK stands for “gawad kalinga” which means to give care. Filipino Ambassador José Brillantes took part in the GK Walk. (Photos: Victorhea Rivilla)
46 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC envoy’s album|DELIGHTS
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4. THIS PAGE 1. Peruvian Ambassador Jorge Juan Castaneda Mendez (centre) and his wife, Diana Angeles Santander, hosted a national day reception at their home, July 21. Australian High Commis- sioner Justin Brown (right) attended. (Photo: Sam Garcia) 2. Netherlands Ambassador Wim Geerts took part in the opening of a World Press Photo exhibit at the War Museum in August. (Photo: Brian Goldschmied) 3. Japanese Emperor Akihito visited Canada in July. (Photo: Frank Scheme) 4. Swiss Ambassador Werner Baumann hosted a reception in honour of Pascal Couchepin, a Swiss politician in August. From left: Mr. Couchepin and Guinea Chargée d’Affaires Kaba Hawa Diakité. 5. Diplomats took part in Canada Day. Shown in white is Jamaican High Commissioner Evadne Coye; in red, her sis- ter, Carmen Henry, and in green, Togo Ambassador Bawoumondom Amelete’s daughter, Ella. (Photo: Mark Horton)
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 47 DELIGHTS|envoy’s album
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THIS PAGE 1. British High Commissioner Anthony Cary and his wife, Clare, hosted their annual Earns- cliffe Summer Ball June 20. Slovenian Ambassador Tomaz Kunstelj and his wife, Tea, attended. 2. From left: Jean-Daniel Lafond, Gov. Gen. Michaelle Jean, Mr. and Mrs. Cary. NEXT PAGE 3. There was no ambassador at the American Fourth of July party this year but Defence Attaché Colonel Joseph Breen and his wife, Shelly, helped Chargé d’Affaires Terry Breese and his wife, Claudia, host. 4. The Breeses. 5. Mexican Ambassador Francisco Javier Barrio Terrazas and his wife, Hortensia Olivas Aguirre, at- tended. 6. Italian Ambassador Gabriele Sardo hosted a garden party in support of Opera Lyra Ottawa July 25. He’s shown with Soprano Maria Pellegrini. (All photos: Dyanne Wilson). 7. French Ambassador Francois Delattre and his wife, Sophie L’Helias Delattre, hosted a black tie reception at their residence July 13 in honour of Bastille Day. They are shown with their son, André. (Photo: Ulle Baum)
48 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC envoy’s album|DELIGHTS
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d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 49 DIGNITARIES|NEW ARRIVALS
New Heads of Mission school in Bonn. He has served in the fed- Jawed Ludin eral chancellor’s office and as a counselor Ambassador of Afghanistan in Tel Aviv. In 1992, he was deputy ambas- sador in Slovenia and then deputy director at the UN mission in New York. He’s held several positions at the for- eign ministry in Berlin. Most recently, he served as assistant deputy minister in its legal department between 2006 and 2009. Mr. Witschel is married and has one child.
Else Berit Eikeland EU affairs, EU enlargement, policy plan- Ambassador of Norway ning, and EU policy. He was appointed to Brussels in 1994 and to London, as Euro- pean policy adviser, in 2001. Before being appointed ambassador to Canada, he was Mr. Ludin comes to Canada from a two- Danish Prime Minister Fogh Rasmussen’s year posting as ambassador in Norway. chief adviser on EU policy for three years. For two years prior to that, he was Afghan Mr. Lorenzen, who speaks Danish, Eng- President Hamid Karzai’s chief of staff. lish and French, is married and has two Mr. Ludin, 36, was raised in Kabul. In children. 1990, he studied medicine for two years in Afghanistan but was interrupted by Georg Witschel factional fighting and the Taliban’s arrival. Ambassador of Germany
He resumed studies in London in 1998, W ils o n D yanne this time in politics and sociology. He has a master’s in political theory from the Ms. Eikeland joined foreign affairs in 1987. University of London. He’s worked in hu- She was second secretary at the embassy manitarian fields in Pakistan, Afghanistan in the Philippines (1989) and vice-consul and the UK. in San Francisco (1991). She became Mr. Ludin is fluent in Dari, Pashto and deputy director general at NORAD in English, and speaks some French and 2000 and minister-counselor in London in Hindi. He has two daughters. 2002. Most recently, she worked as deputy director-general of the personnel section. Erik Vilstrup Lorenzen She has a master’s of management from Ambassador of Denmark BI Norwegian School of Management in Mr. Lorenzen joined the ministry of for- Oslo and a master’s in administration eign affairs in 1991 after completing a po- and organization from the University litical science degree at Aarhus University. Mr. Witschel completed a PhD in inter- of Bergen. She is married and has three He’s worked in several areas, including national law before going to diplomatic children. CALL STAN AT 613-731-1970
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50 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC NEW ARRIVALS | DIGNITARIES
Non-heads of mission Adisak Panupong Nevers Mumba
Ambassador of Thailand High Commissioner for Zambia Australia Toru Takahashi Christopher Mark Dennis First Secretary Counsellor Chie Fukushima Michael Phillip Googan First Secretary Third Secretary Daishi Haraguchi First Secretary Austria Wakako Arayama Otmar Wassermann Second Secretary Assistant Attaché Hidetaka Nishimura First Secretary China Atsuya Tanimoto Qinghua Zhang Second Secretary Second Secretary Yuli Chen Kazakhstan First Secretary Ruslan Ayabov Counsellor Egypt Olfat Mahmoud Zaky Kuwait Thabet Zeiad I.M.M. Alanbaie Attaché Second Secretary
France Libya Sylviane Morel Ihab El-Mismari Second Secretary Counsellor Mr. Panupong joined foreign affairs in Mr. Mumba is the former vice-president Al Hussein A.M. Elzawawi Germany Counsellor and Chargé 1972. His first posting was to Manila. of Zambia. Born in northern Zambia in Janine Charlotte Preuss d’Affaires Attaché In 1984, he became first secretary at the 1960, he formed a movement in 1997 to Manfred Edgar G. Auster Mexico embassy in Bonn. He was then posted to champion morality and integrity in public Counsellor Liliane Del Carmen Loya Georg Hermann Juergens Pinera Brussels before returning to the ministry. office. The movement morphed into the Minister-Counsellor and Minister He was ambassador to Singapore (1995) National Citizens Coalition party and he Chargé d’Affaires Rainer Karpfinger Myanmar and Denmark (2000). Since 2005, he has was its first president. First Secretary Aung Ba Kyu Chargé d’Affaires been ambassador to Austria, Slovenia and In 2001, he ran for president and lost India Slovakia. but remained involved. He served as Ramesh Chand Garg Norway Attaché Kari Marjatta Kolstrom Mr. Panupong has a political science vice-president for 18 months until 2004. Hoel Israel First Secretary degree from Bangkok’s Thammasat Uni- He’s represented Zambia at many inter- Gil Cohen Gunnar H. Isaksen versity and a master’s in Asian studies national summits. He is married and has Second Secretary First Secretary from the University of the Philippines. He five children. Japan Philippines is married and has three sons. Masahiro Fukukawa Buenaflor Cruz Deputy Head of Mission Attaché
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d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 51 DIGNITARIES|NEW ARRIVALS
Poland Thailand Michal Slawomir Peksa Muhamadlutfee Useng Defence, Military, Naval First Secretary and Air Attaché Turkey Romania Ugur Göksen Claudiu Adrian Grigoras Defence, Military, Naval Third Secretary and Air Attaché
Russia United Arab Emirates Alexander Seleznev Ali Rashed Ahmed Rashed Attaché Almazrouei Attaché Saudi Arabia Majed Kh Alzugdi United Kingdom Alshammri Clive David Wright Attaché First Secretary Saad Masoud M. Al Harthi Attaché United States Of America Khalid Mohammad M. Thomas Edward Curley Alghofaili Attaché Attaché Edmund John Gagliardi Jr. Emad A.Bakr First Secretary Aboalkhoyour Michael Kevin St Clair Attaché First Secretary Howard Allyn Leadbetter Ii Slovak Republic Assistant Attaché Ivan Klima Gary Brian Schaaf Attaché Assistant Attaché Elliot Charles Fertik South Africa Second Secretary and Aneshwaren Maistry Vice-Consul Counsellor Emily Stearns Fertik Second Secretary and Spain Vice-Consul Diego Fernandez Alberdi Crystal Kathryn Counsellor Meriwether First Secretary Switzerland Shana Lorelle Hansell Lukas Peter Fuerrer Second Secretary Assistant Defence, Military, Naval and Air Attaché Yemen Bashir Mohamed Ali Kasim Syria Third Secretary Kisra Mohamed Loai Yahya Abdulrahman Second Secretary Al-Eryani Third Secretary Tanzania Joseph Edward Sokoine Minister-Counsellor
52 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC www.canada.embassy.gov.au FAXTEL236-0841 236-4376 6L2 K1P Ontario Ottawa, O’Connor,710 50 Suite Commission High Australian Brown Hugh Justin Ex. His AUSTRALIA www.armembassycanada.ca [email protected] FAXTEL234-3710 234-3444 0Z2 K2P Ontario Ottawa, Delaware 7 Avenue of Armenia Republic the of Embassy d’AffairesChargé Mr. Arman Akopian ARMENIA www.argentina-canada.net [email protected] FAXTEL236-2351 235-2659 6K7 K1P Ontario Ottawa, Floor 7th Street Metcalfe 81 the Republic Argentineof Embassy Ex. Bothamley ArturoHis ARGENTINA www.embangola-can.org [email protected] TEL234-1152 FAX 234-1179 6P1 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Laurier Avenue189 East of Angola Republic the of Embassy ANGOLA www.embassyalgeria.ca/eng.htm FAXTEL789-8505 789-1406 6N2 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Wilbrod500 Street of Algeria Republic Democratic People’s the of Embassy Smail Ex. His ALGERIA [email protected] TEL236-4114 FAX 236-0804 5G4 K1P Ontario Ottawa, 302 Suite Street,130 Albert of Albania Republic the of Embassy Konci Besnik Ex. His ALBANIA www.afghanemb-canada.net [email protected] FAXTEL563-4223 563-4962 1B9 K2P Ontario Ottawa, 240 StreetArgyle Afghanistan of Republic Islamic the of Embassy Ludin Jawed Ex. His AFGHANISTAN d p i O L m T A
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A D A N A C www.diplomatie.be/ottawa [email protected] FAXTEL236-7267 236-7882 7X7 K1R Ontario Ottawa, 820 Suite Street,360 Albert Belgium of Embassy Lint Jean Ex. His BELGIUM [email protected] FAXTEL233-9994 233-8500 5G4 K1P Ontario Ottawa, 600 Suite Street,130 Albert Belarus of Republic the of Embassy d’AffairesChargé Mr.Pustovoy Pavel BELARUS [email protected] FAXTEL236-9517 230-4362 6L5 K1P Ontario, Ottawa, 470 Suite St., Metcalfe 55 Barbados for Commission High Greaves Evelyn Edward Ex. His BARBADOS www.bdhc.org [email protected] FAXTEL236-0138 567-3213 7Y6 K1R Ontario, Ottawa, 1250 Suite St., 340 Albert Bangladesh of Republic People’s the for Commission High Ex. YakubA.M. His Ali BANGLADESH [email protected] FAX232-1724 TEL. 232-0097 6L2 K1P Ontario Ottawa, 1313 Suite Street, O’Connor 50 Bahamas The of Commonwealth The for Commission High Smith D. Michael Ex. His BAHAMAS FAXTEL288-0497 230-8089 5H9 K1P Ontario Ottawa, 904-C Suite Street, Slater 275 of Azerbaijan Republic the of Embassy Shafiyev Farid Ex. His AZERBAIJAN [email protected] FAXTEL789-1444 789-3431 6M7 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Wilbrod445 Street of Austria Republic the of Embassy WernerEx. His Brandstetter AUSTRIA
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www.ambaburkina-canada.org [email protected] FAXTEL238-4796 238-3812 8J4 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Road Range 48 Faso Burkina of Embassy Bonkoungou Juliette Ex. Her FASOBURKINA FAXTEL789-3215 789-3524 6K5 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Street Stewart 325 Bulgaria of Republic the of Embassy Stoytchev Evgueni Ex. His BULGARIA [email protected] FAXTEL234-5656 234-4397 6R4 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Laurier Avenue395 East Darussalam Brunei for Commission High Lamit Haji Abdul Rakiah Ex. Her DARUSSALAM BRUNEI [email protected] FAXTEL237-1090 237-6144 6M8 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Wilbrod450 Street Brazil of Republic Federative the of Embassy CordeiroPinto Paulo Ex. His BRAZIL www.bhembassy.ca [email protected] FAXTEL236-0028 236-1139 5G4 K1P Ontario Ottawa, 805 Suite Street,130 Albert Herzegovina and Bosnia of Embassy Misic Milenko Ex. His BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA [email protected] FAXTEL236-5730 236-8237 5G4 K1P Ontario Ottawa, 416 Suite Street,130 Albert Bolivia of Republic the of Embassy TorrezEdgar Ex. His Mosqueira BOLIVIA [email protected] FAXTEL233-4429 233-8952 2C3 K1S Ontario Ottawa, Glebe Avenue58 Benin of Republic the of Embassy Honoré Ahimakin Ex. His BENIN ‑ |
OTHER INTERNATIONALOTHER REPRESENTATIVES www.costaricaembassy.com [email protected] FAX562-2855 TEL. 562-2582 7G2 K1N Ontario Ottawa, 407 Suite Street, Dalhousie 325 Rica Costa of Republic the of Embassy Navarro Maria AlvarezEmilia Ex. Her COSTARICA FAXTEL230-6391 230-1945 8J3 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Road Range 18 Congo the of Republic Democratic the of Embassy d’AffairesChargé Ramazani Nzanga Louise Ms. (ZAIRE) CONGO www.embajadacolombia.ca [email protected] FAXTEL230-3760 230-4416 7X7 K1R Ontario Ottawa, 1002 Suite Street,360 Albert Colombia of Republic the of Embassy Giron-Duarte Jaime Ex. His COLOMBIA www.chinaembassycanada.org FAX789-3434 TEL. 5H3 K1N Ontario Ottawa, Street Patrick St. 515 China of Republic People’s the of Embassy Lan Lijun Ex. His CHINA www.chile.ca [email protected] FAXTEL235-9940 235-1176 6L2 K1P Ontario Ottawa, 1413 Suite Street, O’Connor 50 Chile of Republic the of Embassy Riquelme Ortega Eugenio Ex. His CHILE FAXTEL236-1522 236-3885 2B4 K1S Ontario Ottawa, Clemow Avenue170 Cameroon of Republic the for Commission High Gheyle Solomon Azoh-Mbi Anu’a- Ex. His CAMEROON http://ambabucanada.le-site.info [email protected] FAXTEL789-0414 789-9537 7G2 K1N Ontario Ottawa, 815 Suite Street, Dalhousie 325 Burundi of Republic the of Embassy Simbizi Ex. Appolonie Her BURUNDI 789-1911 53
diplomatic contacts c ts CÔTE D’IVOIRE Eritrea GREECE INDIA His Ex. Louis Leon Boguy Bony His Ex. Ahferom Berhane His. Ex. Nikolaos Matsis His Ex. Shashishekhar M. Gavai Embassy of the Republic of Embassy of the State of Eritrea Embassy of the Hellenic Republic High Commission for the Republic Côte d’Ivoire 75 Albert Street, Suite 610 80 MacLaren Street, Suite 76 of India 9 Marlborough Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5E7 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0K6 10 Springfield Road Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E6 TEL. 234-3989 FAX 234-6213 TEL. 238-6271 FAX 238-5676 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1C9 TEL. 236-9919 FAX 563-8287 [email protected] TEL. 744-3751 FAX 744-0913 [email protected] ESTONIA www.greekembassy.ca [email protected] www.ambaci-ottawa.org Rasmus Lumi www.hciottawa.ca con ta Chargé d’Affaires GUATEMALA CROATIA Embassy of the Republic of Estonia His Excellency Georges de La Roche INDONESIA Her Ex. Vesela Mrden Kora´c 260 Dalhousie Street, Suite 210 Embassy of the Republic of His Ex. Djoko Hardono Embassy of the Republic of Croatia Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7E4 Guatemala Embassy of the Republic of 229 Chapel Street TEL. 789-4222 FAX 789-9555 130 Albert Street, Suite 1010 Indonesia Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7Y6 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 55 Parkdale Avenue TEL. 562-7820 FAX 562-7821 www.estemb.ca TEL. 233-7237 FAX 233-0135 Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 1E5 [email protected] [email protected] TEL. 724-1100 FAX 724-1105 www.croatiaemb.net ETHIOPIA www.embaguate-canada.com [email protected] Embassy of the Federal Democratic www.indonesia-ottawa.org CUBA Republic of Ethiopia GUINEA Her Ex. Teresita de Jesús Vicente 151 Slater Street, Suite 210 Mrs. Hawa Diakité IRAN Sotolongo Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 Counsellor & Chargé d’Affaires Mr. Bahram Ghasemi Embassy of the Republic of Cuba TEL. 235-6637 FAX 235-4638 Embassy of the Republic of Guinea Chargé d’Affaires 388 Main Street [email protected] 483 Wilbrod Street Embassy of the Islamic Ottawa, Ontario K1S 1E3 www.ethiopia.ottawa.on.ca Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N1 Republic of Iran diplomatic TEL. 563-0141 FAX 563-0068 TEL. 789-8444 FAX 789-7560 245 Metcalfe Street [email protected] EUROPEAN UNION [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2K2 www.embacuba.ca Delegation of the European TEL. 235-4726 FAX 232-5712 Commission to Canada GUYANA [email protected] CZECH REPUBLIC 150 Metcalfe St. Suite 1900 His Ex. Rajnarine Singh www.salamiran.org His Ex. Karel Žebrakovský Ottawa, ON K2P1P1 High Commission for the Republic Embassy of the Czech Republic TEL. 238-6464 FAX 238-5191 of Guyana IRAQ 251 Cooper Street [email protected] 151 Slater Street, Suite 309 His Ex. Howar M. Ziad Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0G2 www.delcan.ec.europa.eu Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 Embassy of the Republic of Iraq TEL. 562-3875 FAX 562-3878 TEL. 235-7249 FAX 235-1447 215 McLeod Street [email protected] FINLAND Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0Z8 His Ex. Risto Ensio Piipponen HAITI TEL. 236-9177 FAX 236-9641 DENMARK Embassy of the Republic of Finland Ms. Marie Nathalie Menos-Gissel [email protected] His Ex. Erik Vilstrup Lorenzen 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 850 Chargé d’Affaires www.iraqembassy.ca Royal Danish Embassy Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L5 Embassy of the Republic of Haiti 47 Clarence Street, Suite 450 TEL. 288-2233 FAX 288-2244 130 Albert Street, Suite 1500 IRELAND Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9K1 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 His Ex. Declan Kelly TEL. 562-1811 FAX 562-1812 TEL. 238-1628 FAX 238-2986 Embassy of Ireland [email protected] FRANCE [email protected] 130 Albert Street, Suite 1105 www.ambottawa.um.dk His Ex. Francois Delattre Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Embassy of France HOLY SEE TEL. 233-6281 FAX 233-5835 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 42 Sussex Drive His Ex. The Most Rev. Luigi Ventura [email protected] His Ex. Jose Del Carmen Urena Ottawa, Ontario K1M 2C9 Apostolic Nunciature www.embassyofireland.ca Embassy of the Dominican Republic TEL. 789-1795 FAX 562-3735 724 Manor Avenue 130 Albert Street, Suite 418 www.ambafrance-ca.org Ottawa, Ontario K1M 0E3 ISRAEL Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL. 746-4914 FAX 746-4786 Her Ex. Miriam Ziv TEL. 569-9893 FAX 569-8673 GABON Embassy of Israel www.drembassy.org His Ex. André William Anguilé HONDURAS 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1005 Embassy of the Gabonese Republic Mr. Javier Valladares Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 ECUADOR 4 Range Road, P.O. Box 368 Chargé d’Affaires TEL. 567-6450 FAX 567-9878 His Excellency Franklin Chávez Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J5 Embassy of the Republic of [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Ecuador TEL. 232-5301 FAX 232-6916 Honduras www.embassyofIsreal.ca 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 316 [email protected] 151 Slater Street, Suite 805 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 ITALY TEL. 563-4286 FAX 235-5776 GERMANY TEL. 233-8900 FAX 232-0193 His Ex. Gabriele Sardo His Ex. Georg Witschel Embassy of the Italian Republic EGYPT Embassy of the Federal Republic of HUNGARY 275 Slater Street, 21st Floor His Ex. Shamel Elsayed Nasser Germany His Ex. Pál Vastagh Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 Embassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt 1 Waverley Street Embassy of the Republic of TEL. 232-2401 FAX 233-1484 454 Laurier Avenue East Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0T8 Hungary [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R3 TEL. 232-1101 FAX 594-9330 299 Waverley Street www.italyincanada.com TEL. 234-4931 FAX 234-4398 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0V9 [email protected] TEL. 230-2717 FAX 230-7560 JAMAICA www.mfa.gov.eg GHANA www.mfa.gov.hu/emb/ottawa Her Ex. Evadne Coye Her Ex. Margaret Ivy Amoakohene [email protected] Jamaican High Commission EL SALVADOR High Commission for the Republic 275 Slater Street, Suite 800 His Ex. Rafael Alfaro of Ghana ICELAND Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 Embassy of the Republic of El Salvador 153 Gilmour Street Her Excellency Sigridur Anna TEL. 233-9311 FAX 233-0611 209 Kent Street Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0N8 Thordardottir [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1Z8 TEL. 236-0871 FAX 236-0874 Embassy of Iceland TEL. 238-2939 FAX 238-6940 [email protected] 360 Albert Street, Suite 710 [email protected] www.ghc-ca.com Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 TEL. 482-1944 FAX 482-1945 [email protected]
54 | EMBASSIES | HIGH COMMISSIONS ‑ | OTHER INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC JAPAN LITHUANIA NETHERLANDS PARAGUAY c ts His Ex. Tsuneo Nishida Her Ex. Ginte Damusis His Ex. Wilhelmus J. P. Geerts His Ex. Juan E. Aguirre Martinez Embassy of Japan Embassy of the Republic of Embassy of the Kingdom of the Embassy of the Republic of 255 Sussex Drive Lithuania Netherlands Paraguay Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9E6 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600 350 Albert Street, Suite 2020 151 Slater Street, Suite 501 TEL. 241-8541 FAX 241-2232 Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 Ottawa, Ontario K1R 1A4 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 [email protected] TEL. 567-5458 FAX 567-5315 TEL. 237-5030 FAX 237-6471 TEL. 567-1283 FAX 567-1679 www.ca.emb-japan.go.jp [email protected] consularsection@embassyofpara- MACEDONIA (REPUBLIC OF) guay.ca
JORDAN Mrs. Slavica Dimovska NEW ZEALAND con ta His Ex. Nabil Ali Barto Chargé d’Affaires Her Ex. Kate Lackey PERU Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom Embassy of the Republic New Zealand High Commission His Ex. Jorge Juan Castañeda Mendez of Jordan of Macedonia 99 Bank Street, Suite 727 Embassy of the Republic of Peru 100 Bronson Avenue, Suite 701 130 Albert Street, Suite 1006 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6G3 130 Albert Street, Suite 1901 Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6G8 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL. 238-5991 FAX 238-5707 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL. 238-8090 FAX 232-3341 TEL. 234-3882 FAX 233-1852 [email protected] TEL. 238-1777 FAX 232-3062 www.nzembassy.com/home.cfm?c=38 [email protected] KAZAKHSTAN MADAGASCAR His Ex. Yerlan Abildayev His. Ex. Simon Constant Horace NIGER PHILIPPINES Embassy of the Republic of Embassy of the Republic of Her Ex. Nana Aicha Foumakoye His Ex. Jose S. Brillantes Kazakhstan Madagascar Embassy of the Republic of the Embassy of the Republic of the 283 McLeod St. Ottawa K2P 1A1 3 Raymond Street Niger Philippines TEL 788-3704 FAX 788-3702 Ottawa, Ontario K1R 1A3 38 Blackburn Avenue 130 Albert Street, Suite 606 TEL: 567-0505 FAX 567-2882 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8A3 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 KENYA [email protected] TEL. 232-4291 FAX 230-9808 TEL. 233-1121 FAX 233-4165
His Ex. Simon Wanyonyi Nabukwesi www.madagascar-embassy.ca [email protected] diplomatic High Commission for the Republic NIGERIA of Kenya MALAYSIA Ex. Iyorwuese Hagher POLAND 415 Laurier Avenue East His Ex. Selwyn Vijayarajan Das High Commission for the Federal His Ex. Piotr Ogrodzinski Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R4 High Commission for Malaysia Republic of Nigeria Embassy of the Republic of Poland TEL. 563-1773 FAX 233-6599 60 Boteler Street 295 Metcalfe Street 443 Daly Avenue [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8Y7 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1R9 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6H3 www.kenyahighcommission.ca TEL. 241-5182 FAX 241-5214 Tel. 236-0521 Fax 236-0529 TEL. 789-0468 FAX 789-1218 [email protected] [email protected] KOREA, REPUBLIC NORWAY His Excellency Chan-ho Ha MALI Her Ex. Else Berit Eikeland PORTUGAL Embassy of the Republic of Korea His Ex. Mamadou Bandiougou Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway His Ex. Pedro Moitinho de Almeida 150 Boteler Street Diawara 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1300 Embassy of Portugal Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A6 Embassy of the Republic of Mali Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 645 Island Park Drive TEL. 244-5010 FAX 244-5034 50 Goulburn Avenue TEL. 238-6571 FAX 238-2765 Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 0B8 www.emb-korea.ottawa.on.ca Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8C8 [email protected] TEL. 729-0883 FAX 729-4236 TEL. 232-1501 FAX 232-7429 www.emb-norway.ca embportugal@embportugal/ottawa.org KUWAIT [email protected] His Ex. Musaed Rashed Al-Haroun www.ambamalicanada.org O/OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN ROMANIA Embassy of the State of Kuwait STATES Her Ex. Elena Stefoi 333 Sussex Drive MEXICO His Ex. Brendon Browne Embassy of Romania Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 1J9 His Ex. Francisco Javier Barrio High Commission for the Countries 655 Rideau Street TEL. 780-9999 FAX 780-9905 Terrazas of the Organization of Eastern Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6A3 Embassy of the United Mexican Caribbean States TEL. 789-3709 FAX 789-4365 LATVIA States 130 Albert Street, Suite 700 [email protected] His Ex. Mar`gers Krams 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1000 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 http://ottawa.mae.ro Embassy of the Republic of Latvia Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 TEL. 236-8952 FAX 236-3042 350 Sparks Street, Suite 1200 TEL. 233-8988 FAX 235-9123 [email protected] RUSSIA Ottawa, Ontario, K1R 7S8 [email protected] www.oecs.org/ottawa/index.html His Ex. Georgiy Mamedov TEL. 238-6014 FAX 238-7044 www.embamexcan.com Embassy of the Russian Federation [email protected] PAKISTAN 285 Charlotte Street www.ottawa.mfa.gov.lv MONGOLIA His Ex. Akbar Zeb Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8L5 His Ex. Gotov Dugerjav High Commission for the Islamic TEL. 235-4341 FAX 236-6342 LEBANON Embassy of Mongolia Republic of Pakistan [email protected] His Ex. Massoud Maalouf 151 Slater Street, Suite 503 10 Range Road www.rusembcanada.mid.ru Embassy of Lebanon Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 640 Lyon Street TEL. 569-3830 FAX 569-3916 TEL. 238-7881 FAX 238-7296 RWANDA Ottawa, Ontario K1S 3Z5 [email protected] [email protected] Her Ex. Edda Mukabagwiza TEL. 236-5825 FAX 232-1609 Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda [email protected] MOROCCO PALESTINE 121 Sherwood Drive www.lebanonembassy.ca Her Ex. Nouzha Chekrouni Mr. Amin Abou-Hassira Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 3V1 Embassy of the Kingdom of Head of the General Delegation Phone: 569-5420/22/24 LESOTHO Morocco 45 Country Club Dr., Fax : 569-5421/5423 Her Ex. Mots'eoa Senyane 38 Range Road Ottawa, Ontario [email protected] High Commission for the Kingdom Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 K1V 9W1 www.ambarwaottawa.ca of Lesotho TEL. 236-7391 FAX 236-6164 TEL: 736-0053 130 Albert Street, Suite 1820 FAX: 736-0535 SAUDI ARABIA Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 MYANMAR [email protected] Mr. Abdullah Saleh A. Al Awwad Tel: 234-0770 Fax: 234-5665 Aung Ba Kyu Chargé d’Affaires Charge d'Affaires PANAMA Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia LIBYA Embassy of the Union of Myanmar Embassy of the Republic of Panama 201 Sussex Drive His Ex. Ahmed Ali Jarrud 85 Range Road, Suite 902 130 Albert Street, Suite 300 Ottawa, ON K1N 1K6 Embassy of the Great Socialist Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J6 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Tel 237-4100 Fax 237-0567 People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya TEL. 232-9990 FAX 232-6999 TEL. 236-7177 FAX 236-5775 81 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1000 [email protected] embassyof [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6K7 TEL. 230-0919 FAX 230-0683 [email protected]
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada | EMBASSIES | HIGH COMMISSIONS ‑ | OTHER INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES 55 c ts SENEGAL SUDAN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA His Excellency Issakha Mbacke Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan Her Ex. Camille Rosemarie His Ex. David Jacobson Embassy of the Republic of Senegal 354 Stewart Street Robinson-Regis Embassy of the United States of 57 Marlborough Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6K8 High Commission for the Republic America Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E8 TEL. 235-4000 FAX 235-6880 of Trinidad and Tobago 490 Sussex Drive TEL. 238-6392 FAX 238-2695 200 First Avenue, Third Level Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8 [email protected] SWEDEN Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2G6 TEL. 238-5335 FAX 688-3088 Her Ex. Ingrid Maria Iremark TEL. 232-2418 FAX 232-4349 www.usembassycanada.gov SERBIA Embassy of Sweden [email protected] con ta Embassy of the Republic of Serbia 377 Dalhousie Street URUGUAY 17 Blackburn Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9N8 TUNISIA His Ex. Enrique Juan Delgado Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8A2 TEL. 244-8200 FAX 241-2277 His Ex. Mouldi Sakri Embassy of the Oriental Republic of TEL. 233-6289 FAX 233-7850 [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Tunisia Uruguay [email protected] www.swedishembassy.ca 515 O’Connor Street 130 Albert Street, Suite 1905 www.serbianembassy.ca Ottawa, Ontario K1S 3P8 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 SWITZERLAND TEL. 237-0330 FAX 237-7939 TEL. 234-2727 FAX 233-4670 SLOVAK REPUBLIC His Ex. Werner Baumann [email protected] His Ex. Stanislav Opiela Embassy of Switzerland VENEZUELA Embassy of the Slovak Republic 5 Marlborough Avenue TURKEY Jose Antonio Manlio Rodriguez de 50 Rideau Terrace Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E6 His Ex. Rafet Akgünay la Sierra Llerandi Ottawa, Ontario K1M 2A1 TEL. 235-1837 FAX 563-1394 Embassy of the Republic of Turkey Chargé d’Affaires TEL. 749-4442 FAX 749-4989 [email protected] 197 Wurtemburg Street Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8L9 of Venezuela www.ottawa.mfa.sk SYRIA TEL. 789-4044 FAX 789-3442 32 Range Road His Ex. Jamil Haidar Sakr [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 diplomatic SLOVENIA Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic TEL. 235-5151 FAX 235-3205 Ex. Tomaz Kunstelj 46 Cartier Street UGANDA www.misionvenezuela.org Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia Ottawa, ON K2P 1J3 His Ex. George Marino Abola 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 2200 TEL. 569-5556 FAX 569-3800 High Commission for the Republic VIETNAM Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1P1 www.syrianembassy.ca of Uganda His Excellency Duc Hung Nguyen TEL. 565-5781 FAX 565-5783 231 Cobourg Street Embassy of the Socialist Republic of [email protected] TAIPEI Economic & Cultural office Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J2 Vietnam David Tawei Lee, Representative TEL. 789-7797 FAX 789-8909 470 Wilbrod Street SOUTH AFRICA 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1960 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M8 His Ex. Abraham Sokhaya Nkomo Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 www.ugandahighcommission.ca TEL. 236-0772 FAX 236-2704 High Commission for the Republic TEL. 231-5080 FAX 231-7112 of South Africa [email protected] UKRAINE YEMEN 15 Sussex Drive His. Ex. Ihor Ostash His Ex. Khaled Mahfoodh Bahah Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1M8 TANZANIA Embassy of Ukraine Embassy of the Republic of Yemen TEL. 744-0330 FAX 741-1639 His Ex. Peter Kallaghe 310 Somerset Street, West, 54 Chamberlain Avenue [email protected] High Commission for the United Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 0J9 Ottawa, Ontario K1S 1V9 www.southafrica-canada.ca Republic of Tanzania Tel. 230-2961 Fax 230-2400 TEL. 729-6627 FAX 729-8915 50 Range Road www.ukremb.ca www.yemenembassy.ca SPAIN Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 His Ex. Eudaldo Mirapeix TEL. 232-1509 FAX 232-5184 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ZAMBIA Embassy of the Kingdom of Spain [email protected] His Ex. Mohamed Abdulla M. Bin His Ex. Nevers Mumba 74 Stanley Avenue www.tanzaniahighcommission.ca Mutleq Al Ghafli High Commission for the Republic Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1P4 125 Boteler Street of Zambia TEL. 747-2252 FAX 744-1224 THAILAND Ottawa, Ontario K1N 0A4 151 Slater St., Suite 205 [email protected] His Ex. Adisak Panupong TEL. 565-7272 FAX 565-8007 Ottawa, Ontario www.embaspain.ca The Royal Thai Embassy Consulate FAX: 565-1444 K1B 5H3 180 Island Park Drive [email protected] TEL. 232-4400 FAX 232-4410 SRI LANKA Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 0A2 www.uae-embassy.com His Ex. Daya Perera TEL. 722-4444 FAX 722-6624 ZIMBABWE High Commission for the [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM Her Ex. Florence Zano Chideya Democratic Socialist Republic His Ex. Anthony Cary Embassy of the Republic of of Sri Lanka TOGO British High Commission Zimbabwe 333 Laurier Avenue West, Suite 1204 His Ex. Bawoumondom Amelete 80 Elgin Street 332 Somerset Street West Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1C1 Embassy of the Togolese Republic Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5K7 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0J9 TEL. 233-8449 FAX 238-8448 12 Range Road TEL. 237-1530 FAX 237-7980 TEL. 421-2824 FAX 422-7403 www.srilankahcottawa.org Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 www.britainincanada.org [email protected] TEL. 238-5916 FAX 235-6425 www.zimottawa.com
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d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 57 DIPLOMATIC TRAVEL Q A special feature An unforgettAble Journey Through ‘my israel’
Jerusalem's Western Wall and the D ome of the R o c k
stand out to different people. Israel is adorning the buildings. Friday, well only the size of Vancouver Island, yet the before sundown, is one of my favourite diversity of Israel’s terrain and its citi- times to engage in an all-encompassing zens is truly vast. Israel spans four bio- sensory experience. The mountain air in geographical zones – Mediterranean, the centre of Jerusalem is suffused with African, steppe, and desert. Hebrew and the sweet smell of warm melt-in-your- Arabic are official languages of the state mouth chocolate rugelach (mini dessert but English, French, Spanish, Russian croissants), the sight of people from all and Yiddish are also frequently heard on over the world and the sounds of excite- the streets. In fact, Israeli citizens come ment. Machneh Yehuda, the most urban By Miriam Ziv from 30 different parts of the world. As and extensive street market, bustles with Ambassador of Israel Ambassador of Israel to Canada, I am Israelis and tourists alike. glad to let you have a peek into “my” Museums in Jerusalem such as Yad hether it is because Israel – places, activities and experienc- Vashem, which is Israel’s Holocaust of the stunning land- es which are most meaningful to me. museum, and The Israel Museum, scape, spiritually- which hosts the Dead Sea Scrolls, pro- moving holy sites My Home Town vide significant historical information. or the warmth of Jerusalem is the capital of Israel. As my The commemorative Yad Vashem holds W Israelis, those who home town, Jerusalem comforts me. I the largest repository of information on spend time in Israel never forget their know I am home when I see the rolling the Holocaust, illustrates the disturb- experiences. Different aspects of Israel hills and the glistening Jerusalem stone ing history of European Jews under the
58 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC DIPLOMATIC TRAVEL Q A special feature
Nazi regime through narrative testimo- nies and a visual archive. The city of Jerusalem is renowned for its religious significance to Jews, Christians and Muslims. Canadian tourists visit Jerusalem to pray at the Western Wall, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Dome of the Rock. The Old City of Jerusalem, which sur- rounds many holy sites, is divided into four zones: The Jewish Quarter, The Muslim Quarter, The Armenian Quarter and the Christian Quarter. To me, these quarters seem true to their original char- acter – mysterious with their narrow streets and hidden pathways. Those who are not shy may want to try their hand at bartering with shopkeepers; negotiating Machneh Yehuda Market in jerusalem prices is the norm here. This year marks a historic occasion as His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI vis- ited Israel in May. During his pilgrim- age, Pope Benedict XVI celebrated the Holy Mass in the Garden of Gethsemane at the Kidron Valley with an audience of thousands of pilgrims and tourists. Gethsemane, situated at the bottom of the Mount of Olives, is the place where Jesus and his disciples came after the Last Supper and where they prayed the night before his crucifixion.
Exploration and Relaxation Many families love taking trips to Jerusalem’s Biblical Zoo, which features both cuddly and exotic animals. This zoo is admirable, in particular, because many animals that are threatened by extinc- tion are well cared for in spacious and BAHA'i gardens in Haifa green surroundings. This zoo is a serene place to go for a stroll and to enjoy the sunshine while keeping your children a beautiful coastal city with breathtak- Tel Aviv means “Hill of Spring.” Tourists entertained. ing views of the Mediterranean Sea and have been flocking to Tel Aviv’s pristine Just a short car or bus ride away Carmel Mountain. The Baha’i Gardens, sandy beaches for years. You can truly from Jerusalem is the Dead Sea – a great an expansive complex, is located in escape from the pressures of everyday destination for relaxing and rejuvenat- Haifa at the Baha’i World Centre on the life by sitting with your feet in the sand ing. Situated 400 metres below sea slope of the Carmel. The exquisiteness and enjoying a cool drink at one of the level, the Dead Sea is the lowest point of the Baha’i Gardens and the golden cafés on Tel Aviv’s beaches. Look out on earth. The high salt content of the Shrine of the Bab is difficult to describe. onto the Mediterranean Sea and it seems sea not only makes floating graceful but Also in Haifa is the Technion – Israel to never end. The Mediterranean Sea is also said to have therapeutic healing Institute of Technology, the oldest uni- not only lines Tel Aviv prime beachfront properties. Take advantage of the revi- versity in Israel, established in 1924. but also nestles many other palm tree- talizing characteristic of the black mud Today, Technion graduates are the core lined cities (including Nahariyah, Haifa, and treat your skin to the rich minerals of Israel’s high-tech industry, which has Netanya, Herzilia, Bat Yam, Ashkelon and of this natural and highly acclaimed spa produced the highest concentration of Ashdod). Israel’s warm Mediterranean treatment. Nearby is Masada, an ancient high-tech start-up businesses outside of climate makes these beaches ideal vaca- fortress where the Zealots, the Jewish Silicon Valley. tion spots for at least eight months of the resistance fighters, made their last stand Although Tel Aviv is only 45 minutes year. against the Romans in 73 c e . You may from Jerusalem, it almost seems like In the wintertime, head down to choose to hike or to ascend by cable car; a different country to some travellers. the southern tip of Israel, Eilat. Make a both offer a rewarding view. The first city founded in Israel (by an splash with scuba divers and snorkel- Two hours from Jerusalem is Haifa, elite group of Jaffa residents in 1909), ers who come face-to-face with vividly- d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 59 DIPLOMATIC TRAVEL Q A special feature coloured tropical fish in the Red Sea. If you don’t feel like swimming, visit and photograph sea creatures at the gigan- tic circular tank at the Coral World Underwater Observatory and Aquarium in Eilat.
Art, Theatre and Culture in the White City Tel Aviv, also known as the White City, is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. In Tel Aviv, there are 4,000 buildings which characterize the city’s International Style. The city’s art, theatre, shopping and culinary delights reflect both its creative and sophisti- cated culture. Restaurants in Tel Aviv showcase globally influenced contem- porary Israeli cuisine, known for its handmade fresh-ingredient dishes. Tel Aviv is also the epicentre of the perform- ing arts in Israel – housing everything from the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra and the Israeli Opera Company to the Cameri Theatre and the Batsheva Dance Company. Shoppers delight in distinc- tive neighbourhoods such as Dizengoff and Sheinkin, jeweled with their fash- ion designer shops and artsy boutiques. Concert halls and dance clubs in Tel Aviv feature international musicians who play into the early hours of the morning. As Tel Aviv is celebrating its 100th birthday this year, the city is abuzz with entertainment and festivities and special monthly events. October will feature Green, a two-day ecological festival for families. The festival offers a great vari- ety of activities to raise environmental Tel Aviv at Night awareness, including tree planting, city hikes, a Green dance party and per- formances involving music, sculpture, country’s wineries. World-class winer- film and dance. Highlights of Tel Aviv’s ies in the Golan Heights, the Galilee, the centennial celebration in November Judean Hills and the Ella Valley offer and December include Open Houses, wine tastings, explanations of the wine- an event giving the public a chance to making process and vineyard tours. explore historically relevant homes and Mention the word hummus and view an Alexander Calder Retrospective, you are likely to get an opinion from an exhibition of the work of American every Israeli on the best hummus in artist Alexander Calder, most widely Israel. Hummus is a creamy but healthy recognized for his mobiles and sculp- dip, eaten as an appetizer before a tures. The year’s celebrations will wrap meal or as a meal itself. A staple of the up with the opening of a new museum Middle Eastern diet, hummus is typi- dedicated to the history of Tel Aviv. cally made by puréeing chickpeas, olive oil, tahini (sesame paste) and lemon A dead sea Mudpack Treatment Food and Wine juice. Traditional accompaniments can Baron Edmond de Rothschild brought include olive oil, fuul (cooked beans), modern viticulture to Israel in the late falafel (minced fried chickpea or fava want to take a trip to Abu Gosh. Located 19th Century. Within recent years, Israel bean balls), kibbeh (fried minced lamb between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, Abu has gained a reputation as having some patties), pita and various salads. Foodies Gosh is a quiet and quaint Christian- of the best New World wine. Some interested in tasting some of the most Arab village built on a mountain side, people come to Israel solely to tour the highly acclaimed hummus in Israel may with possibly the best hummus in Israel.
60 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC DIPLOMATIC TRAVEL Q A special feature
Nature and Wildlife One of the best ways to enjoy Israel’s scenery is by hiking the Israel Trail, which runs 950 kilometres from one end of the country to the other. The Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI) sells detailed maps of the trail to enable hikers and nature lovers to easily navigate its wonderfully-varied topog- raphy. As well, runners who partici- pate in the 33rd International Tiberias Marathon on January 7, 2010 at the Sea of Galilee will enjoy beautiful scenery and access to up-to-date facilities. The grottos (sea caves) at Rosh Hanikra are a dazzling geologic forma- tion located at the Israel-Lebanon bor- der. It is not to be missed. A cable car carries you down the 70-metre cliff. You can then walk through tunnels and view caverns which were created over thou- sands of years by the thrashing of the bedouins offer Camel Rides in the negev desert Mediterranean against the bedrock. Hikers frequently roam the Golan Heights, Israel’s mountainous region, which offers views up to 1,200 metres above sea level. The eastern area of the Golan has a chain of volcanic hills and the west and south border on cliffs. The well-preserved open green spac- es of Israel’s 150 nature reserves and 65 national parks make Israel an ideal des- tination for nature enthusiasts. Gamla Nature Reserve, for example, located in the Golan, is best to visit at the end of winter or during the beginning of spring when the heady perfume of a variety of flowers fills the air. Also of note is Tel Arad National Park, located in the north- ern Negev, which consists of a lower and upper city. The lower city was first set- tled in the Early Bronze Age (3150-2200 BCE) and the upper city was settled in the Israelite period (1200 BCE).
Ways of Life View from the Israel Trail Finally, there is no better way to learn about Israel’s diverse populations than to visit them. You can visit Bedouins diversity. The Druze faith is an offshoot of to daily kibbutz life. for example, an ethnic group who are Islam complemented with ancient Greek Thank you for letting me share a known for their strong family values and philosophy and other traditions. Druze little bit of “my” Israel with you. I hope welcoming ways. You can experience the holy sites are typically open to the public that one day you will share your favorite hospitality of Bedouins by staying over- and require that visitors dress modestly aspects of Israel with me. night in a Bedouin tent, enjoying a tradi- and remove shoes upon entering. tional Bedouin meal and learning about You can also see what it is like to live Miriam Ziv is Israel’s Ambassador to Bedouin culture in the tranquility of the on a kibbutz, a communal agricultural Canada. Negev, the desert region of Israel. You settlement unique to Israel, which is can even experience the unique Bedouin based on a system of joint ownership. For more information about travel mode of travel – riding a camel. Located in mostly quiet rural areas of to Israel, please contact the Israel The Druze, a community of 118,000 Israel, kibbutzim such as Mayaan Government Tourist Office, Canada at people in Israel, have an ancient faith and Baruch, Hagoshrim and Kibbutz Afik 416-964-3784 or [email protected], or visit the culture which has contributed to Israel’s offer modern guesthouses and exposure website at www.goisrael.ca. d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 61 DElights|DESTinations all p h oto s by fred d o nnelly Kew Gardens, started in 1759 under royal patronage, is not only a tourist attraction; it employs 700 people and is a major research centre. Kew Gardens‘ 250th birthday
By Fred Donnelly
ew Gardens may not be quite as sets. The gardens have a long-standing conservation theme. Meanwhile, a new iconic as London Bridge when it educational mandate to show the world’s concern, global-warming, has emerged. Kcomes to the city’s tourist attrac- biological diversity to the public. Visitors This has prompted a question at Kew Gar- tions but it certainly holds its own. Also can stroll through bonsai collections, rock dens: Will southern England become more known as the Royal Botanical Gardens, gardens, orchids and ferns in profusion, suitable for Mediterranean climate plants Kew is visited by two million people varieties of cacti and grasses, often housed in the near future? each year. This year, the venerable hor- in temperature-controlled greenhouses At the same time, the entertainment ticultural oasis celebrates its 250th an- that rival football fields in size. The flower factor of sensationally exotic specimens niversary. collections are spectacular with areas set has not been neglected. Many visitors Started in 1759 under royal patronage, aside for roses, lilacs, azaleas, rhododen- head straight for the Princess of Wales Kew Gardens on the western edge of Lon- drons, magnolias and giant water lilies, to Greenhouse with the insect-eating Venus don, England, has expanded over the cen- list but a few. Fly-Trap plants. Others are attracted to turies to now encompass 120 hectares (300 In considerable detail, interpretive signs the world’s largest flower (and some say acres). More than half of its area is covered explain the usefulness of various plants smelliest), the Titan Arum, which, when in by several thousand species of trees. But it and trees as food, medicines and building bloom, reaches a height of nine metres. A also contains the world’s largest collection materials. Kew Gardens was intended to native of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, of plants, some 30,000 in all, and it’s con- show the resident of the northern latitudes Kew’s Titan Arum was grown from seed sistently ranked as one of the top public what a rubber tree, a date palm, a banana and took six years to reach its flowering gardens on the planet. tree, a coffee bush, and so on, actually look size. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since like. Kew Gardens, with its staff of 700, its 2003, Kew can be appreciated for its The threats to the rich biological heri- specialized botanical library and millions educational, research and recreational as- tage of our planet is set out in a recurring of preserved specimens, is also a major
62 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC DESTinations|DELIGHTS
research centre. Its task is to catalogue and preserve the world’s flora through co-operative projects across the globe but especially in partnership with scientists working in tropical regions. Since the year 2000, Kew has become the institutional co-ordinator of the Millennium Seed Bank Project. By this scheme, millions of seeds
Above, Kew is a huge park with miles of recre- ational space; below, Kew Palace was once the home of George III and members of his family. are preserved in specially constructed sub-zero temperature vaults as insurance against some as yet unknown ecological disaster or extinction event. Not to be overlooked or diminished is the recreational dimension of Kew Gar- dens. Its shady acres of lawns, groomed trails and walkways is a relief from the surrounding built-up areas of London. For the adventurous, there is a new tree-top walkway 200 metres long and 18 metres above the ground. On site, there are some 40 buildings listed as being of architectural significance. Most famous are the great metal and glass
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 63 DElights|DESTinations
ish Flemish-styled converted merchant’s house dating from the 17th Century and Queen Charlotte’s Cottage built in 1761. The latter remained closed to the public until Queen Victoria gave it to Kew Gar- dens in 1898. Scattered throughout the gardens is an eclectic collection of structures, including a Chinese pagoda built in 1761, a Japanese traditional gate left over from the Anglo- Japanese Exhibition of 1910 and various “follies.” The latter were the rage in some quarters in the 18th and 19th Centuries. Basically, they were imitation temples or ruins of structures in the style of those that once existed in the ancient Greek and Roman world. Contemporary sculpture is also represented with large-scale tem- porary (meaning lasting several years) exhibitions. When the Titan Arum blooms, it reaches heights Somehow it all fits together – the leafy of nine metres. broad acres, the ornamental lakes, the Eliminate the exotic plants, the botany lessons, the for- spider veins from Victorian greenhouses: Palm House was mer royal residences, the sculptures and your legs and face built in the 1840s and Temperate House, the architectural oddities. And that’s the by simple injection. in stages, between 1859 and 1899. There beauty of this amazing place, at the grand are also royal residences on the grounds old age of 250. but these are operated as separate venues Ultrasound injections with their own admissions policies. The Fred Donnelly teaches history at the Uni- cut the need for varicose best known of these are Kew Palace, a lav- versity of New Brunswick in Saint John. vein surgery. This exclusive service is available at Dr. Beaupré’s Clinics.
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64 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC DESTinations|DELIGHTS nal Park Co mmissi o n t i o nal Park t C am po bell o I n erna Roo se v el Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd president, spent the summers of his youth here. Now the “cottage” is open to the public. Campobello: An historic isle
The island where Franklin D. Roosevelt grew up is a unique example of Canadian-American cooperation
By Fred Donnelly
n a world of sovereign nation states rich history and a unique international Franklin Roosevelt visited Campo- with internationally recognized bor- dimension. Settled by New Englanders bello just three times in the 1930s, as the Iders, we are usually conscious of be- and English in the 18th century, it was, demands of his political career and his ing in one particular country and not in and still is, a fishing community. Then, physical disability changed his life. Other another. And yet there are a few spots on in the 1880s, attracted by its cool Atlantic famous Roosevelt vacationers included our globe where such boundaries are just breezes, Americans bought much of the his wife, Eleanor, later the American First a little fuzzy. One such wonderful place is land to develop the island as an elite tour- Lady, and their son, Franklin Junior, later Campobello Island in New Brunswick. ist destination, especially for Bostonians a U.S. Congressman, who was born on Located just off New Brunswick’s and New Yorkers. Campobello in 1914. southeastern coast, Campobello is sepa- In the wake of this annual summer influx In honour of the Roosevelt connec- rated from the state of Maine in the U.S. by came the island’s most famous visitors, the tion with Campobello, the Canadian and a narrow tidal channel. Indeed, the Cana- Roosevelts, who, in that decade, purchased American governments decided in 1964 to dian island is connected by a bridge to the a cottage on Campobello Island. Franklin establish a unique international park. Run town of Lubec, Maine. To the occasional Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945), the 32nd pres- by a joint U.S.-Canada Commission, the inconvenience of its Canadian residents, ident of the United States, spent the sum- Roosevelt Campobello International Park they must pass through American terri- mers of his youth on the picturesque outer occupies 1,158 hectares of the southern tory and customs – and a different time island of Passamaquoddy Bay. From the end of the island. Admission is free but zone – to get to mainland Canada by land. time he was one year old until he reached the operation is highly seasonal, running The only alternative is a seasonal summer 21, FDR sailed, fished, hiked and rode from Canada’s Victoria Day to Canadian ferry to Deer Island and then another ferry around Campobello. In short, it was where Thanksgiving or U.S. Columbus Day. to the Canadian coast. On a small island, he grew up – learning skills both practical Part of the park is a cluster of century- lacking the usual retail outlets, shopping and recreational. It was also the place where old “cottages” of the wealthy Americans can be a problem. he contracted infantile paralysis, the dreaded with their dozens of rooms and servants’ By many standards, Campobello is polio of the early 20th century that so physi- quarters. This includes the 34-room an out-of-the-way place, but one with a cally constrained his adult life. Roosevelt Cottage, purchased by the fam-
d i p lo m at and i nte r nat i onal canada 65 DElights|DESTinations
ily in 1909 and now preserved as a walk- The vast majority of the park is a nature care has now been taken to regenerate the through museum. There is also a visitors’ preserve where hunting and camping are natural vegetation. Contained in the park interpretation centre which celebrates the not permitted. Although the area’s forest are rugged coastal outcrops, inlets, bays life of President Roosevelt. lands were harvested a century ago, great and beaches along with a huge heath-cov- ered bog. The forested areas are crossed by trails, walkways and a few roads passable by cars but not by large vehicles such as buses. Time Sharpening My favourite excursion was walking the wooden pathway across the bog to the lookout at Eagle Hill for a scenic vista 15 Beechwood Ave., Ottawa stretching far out into the Atlantic Ocean. Watch and jewlery repair on premises Still the Roosevelt Campobello Interna- tional Park occupies only about one-fifth Open Monday to Friday 9:30 – 18:00 of the island. The rest of Campobello Is- Saturday 10:00 – 16:00 land has further scenic attractions, includ- ing the fishing village of Wilson’s Beach, 613-746-7927 the 1829 East Quoddy Lighthouse, whale- watching tours and Herring Cove Provin- cial Park (where camping is permitted). nal Park Co mmissi o n t i o nal Park EXPERIENCE L'ART DE VIVRE
www.signaturesrestaurant.com t C am po bell o I n erna
453 LAURIER AVENUE EAST Roo se v el 613.236.2499 The gardens at Roosevelt Campobello Interna- tional Park
As a visitor, I have often been struck by some of the unique and curious cultural features of this island. Surely this must be one of the few places in Canada to have a Bunker Hill Road (presumably named after the famous battle in American his- tory). Also intriguing is the Roosevelt Campobello International Park’s unique employment arrangement. One half of its employees are Americans working for the U.S. Department of the Interior while the other half are Canadians employed by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Inter- national Trade. Then again, that was the purpose of the international agreement signed by then president Lyndon Johnson and then prime minister Lester Pearson back in 1964. Roosevelt Campobello International Park was to be “a unique example of interna- tional co-operation,” to be a memorial to Roosevelt and to “stand forever as an ex- pression of the close relationship between Canada and the United States.”
Fred Donnelly lives in Rothesay, New Brunswick and has visited Campobello Island many times.
66 FALL 09 | OCT–NOV–DEC healthcare|Di spatches
CROSS-BOrder five-hour wait at that hospital went to the time. This follows 20 job cuts in January. Continued from page 32 Med-Team Clinic, where, within a half- With its 900 employees and an $88 million hour, the son was seen; within another operating budget, its 2009 projections in- are moving on many fronts to make up half-hour, he had a plaster cast on his clude giving $3.1 million in free care. the shortfall or get better use of their sup- broken arm. Says Dr. Jarrett: “The truth is that we plies – among them approving deliveries Meanwhile, Claxton-Hepburn is ready are in a bit of an economically depressed of Moly-99 from Australia and Iodine-131 and willing to take another person off area and we take care of a high percentage (for thyroid cancer treatment) from South Ontario’s wait list, sometimes to be treated of Medicaid patients and uninsured pa- Africa while other 40- or 50-year-old nu- by a Canadian doctor. Dr. Jarrett says that tients. That’s part of our mission.” clear reactors in the Netherlands, France one-third of the physicians on staff are Ms Shea says that, in the last year, the and Belgium try to meet world demand. either commuting Canadians or have a centre has treated staff from six embassies Ms. Aglukkaq has provided $6 million Canadian connection – an orthopedic sur- and Canadians from more than 20 postal to fund alternatives to Technetium-99m geon lives in Merrickville, a urologist lives codes. and may look at McMaster University’s in Brockville, a pain management physi- As the centre receives about 55 cents on reactor to produce its parent isotope, cian lives in Ottawa. Some are bilingual. the dollar for Medicaid patients and Medi- Moly-99. The recession and a new state tax atop care pays only slightly better, he says that The shortage has brought Canadians the longstanding economic slump has reimbursement from Canadian customers to Ogdensburg where, Dr. Jarrett says, forced layoffs at the medical centre. In at a better rate is “very worthwhile to us.” there is no problem with supplies of iso- July, it cut some 30 nursing and technical topes. “We’ve seen Canadians come over staff jobs and reduced seven others to part- Donna Jacobs is Diplomat’s publisher. specifically for a (PET) bone scan,” says Dr. Jarrett. “It’s commonly performed on patients with cancer to be sure the disease hasn’t spread to their skeleton.” 5)& Dr. Jarrett describes the services in highest demand. For embassy staff in Ot- 456%*0 tawa, the primary request is for routine PG physicals or medical consultations, costing DPODFQUVBM typically $150 for a 45-minute office visit. The medical centre refers patients to pri- %&4*(/4 vate doctors on staff. Non-embassy Cana- dians mostly buy imaging services – MRIs, CATscans, PETscans, nuclear medicine tests, X-rays, ultrasound, thermography and echo-cardiography. Some people drive down, too, for emer- gency care because of the extremely long waits in Ontario emergency departments. “Now that doesn’t mean that I’m sug- gesting that someone should drive an hour with a true emergency,” he says. “But we’ve had embassy people who have come down here with abdominal pain and other symptoms. They got here and we diagnosed appendicitis – at least two cases of embassy people whose appendix we removed on an emergency basis the same day.” The Wait Time Alliance (waittimeal- liance.ca) says patients in Canada wait an average of nine hours to be seen and treated in hospital emergency depart- ments. They wait an average of nearly 24 hours to be admitted to hospital from emergency – often due to a lack of beds. Hospital wait times are undisputedly long. Dr. Eden-Walker says Queensway- Carleton Hospital sometimes refers to the 698 COOPER ST. OTTAWA ONTARIO K1R 6C6 Med-Team Clinic those non-critical pa-
tients who face hours of waiting – or who
456%*0 $" 88 simply leave of their own accord. A recent 888456%*0$" example: A mother and son who faced a
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