Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

For

Intertek

Project No.: AINT110/02

December 2020

www.thomsonec.com

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

London & South East Compass House Surrey Research Park Guildford GU2 7AG . UK t: +44 (0)1483 466 000 North & Borders The Tannery 91 Kirkstall Road Leeds LS3 1HS. UK t: +44 (0)113 247 3780

Wales & South West Sophia House 28 Cathedral Road Cardiff CF11 9LJ UK t: +44 (0) 2920 660180 Midlands

Edmund House 12-22 Newhall Street Birmingham B3 3AS UK t: +44 (0) 121 726 3494 Scotland 20-23 Woodside Place Glasgow G3 7QF . UK t: +44 (0)141 582 1333

Enquiries e: [email protected] w: www.thomsonec.com

2 Intertek, Report Ref.: AINT110/002/001/002

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

Project Number Report No.

AINT110/002 001

Revision Date of Author Reviewer Approver No. Issue 001 18/09/2020 Matthew Wisby & Daisy Chamberlain & Richard Arnold Dale Irvine Heather Clayson 002 04/12/2020 As above As above As above

Disclaimer:

Copyright Thomson Environmental Consultants Limited. All rights reserved.

No part of this report may be copied or reproduced by any means without prior written permission from Thomson Environmental Consultants Limited. If you have received this report in error, please destroy all copies in your possession or control and notify Thomson Environmental Consultants Limited.

This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of the commissioning party and unless otherwise agreed in writing by Thomson Environmental Consultants Limited, no other party may use, make use of or rely on the contents of the report. No liability is accepted by Thomson Environmental Consultants Limited for any use of this report, other than for the purposes for which it was originally prepared and provided.

Opinions and information provided in the report are on the basis of Thomson Environmental Consultants Limited using due skill, care and diligence in the preparation of the same and no explicit warranty is provided as to their accuracy. It should be noted and it is expressly stated that no independent verification of any of the documents or information supplied to Thomson Environmental Consultants Limited has been made.

Intertek, Report Ref.: AINT110/002/001/002 3

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

Contents

1. Summary and Main Recommendations ...... 5 1.1 Summary ...... 5 2. Introduction ...... 11 2.1 Development Background ...... 11 2.2 The Brief and Objectives ...... 11 2.3 Limitations ...... 12 2.4 Surveyors...... 12 3. Methodology ...... 13 3.1 Desk Study ...... 13 3.2 Field Survey ...... 13 4. Results ...... 15 4.1 Background ...... 15 4.2 Desk Study ...... 15 4.3 Field Survey ...... 20 5. References ...... 27

Table 1 Designated sites ...... 15 Table 2 Species records derived from the desk study ...... 18 Table 3. Biotopes identified in the survey area ...... 24 Table 4. Incidental species sightings ...... 26

Figure 1. Site Location and Desk Study Results ...... 6 Figure 2 Intertidal Phase 1 Survey Results ...... 7 Figure 3. Photographs of the Site ...... 8 Figure 4. Photographs of the Site ...... 9 Figure 5. Photographs of the Site ...... 10

4 Intertek, Report Ref.: AINT110/002/001/002

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

1. Summary and Main Recommendations

1.1 Summary

1.1.1 Intertek commissioned Thomson Environmental Consultants to undertake an Intertidal Phase 1 habitat survey for a proposed cable land point near Donaghadee, Northern Ireland (Grid ref: NW 72032 31031 (Irish grid reference: J 59378 77738)). The proposed cable route will connect Northern Ireland and Scotland, the landing point and survey area is shown on Figure 1. The site survey was completed on August 22nd 2020.

1.1.2 The main findings of the desk study were that the site lies within the Outer Ards SPA, Ramsar and ASSI. The site is also within 5km of the Copeland Islands SPA and ASSI, and the Blaeberry Island Bog ASSI. Records of nine protected species were identified within 2km of the site, including European otter (Lutra lutra) and a number of birds listed on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 (as amended).

1.1.3 The field survey recorded and mapped 16 biotopes, shown on Figure 2, including one priority habitat: Intertidal under-boulder communities (A3.2112). No Annex I habitats were identified on site. Incidental species sightings were also recorded during the field survey and included two birds listed as principal interest/qualifying species for the Outer Ards Ramsar and SPA, European otter, common seal (Phoca vitulina), and knotted wrack (Ascophyllum nodosum ) a priority species.

Intertek, Report Ref.: AINT110/002/001/002 5

Outer Ards Copeland Islands

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e e 1\Mapping\Working\AINT110_Fig1_SiteLocationandDes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Legend !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Cable Route !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Area of Scientific Interest (ASSI) !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! RAMSAR !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! database right 2020. This map must not becopied o !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Special Protection Area (SPA) !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! NorthernIreland FibreOptic Cable Intertidal Phas !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!± 5km Study Area Buffer !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 0!!!!!!!!!!!!1 2 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Site Boundary !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Map Centre Grid Reference: 359,438 377,739 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!Kilometres !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! Client Drawing Ref Intertek AINT110/30468/1

Figure Number Scale at A4 1 1:68,000

Figure Title Drawn Checked

LF EA www.thomsonec.com [email protected] Site Location and Desk Study Results Date Date 02/09/2020 02/09/2020 Filepath:S:\Guildford\Projects\AINT110 Scotland- Contains Ordnance Surveydata © Crown copyright and Artificial Boulders

www.thomsonec.com

 P3 [email protected]

P5 A2.2  Legend

Photograph Location and

P6

 A1.11   P8 Direction

A2.41 P9 5 Target Note A1.11 A1.413  Artificial Boulders Cemetary A2.41 Fucoids Kelp A1.213 Lichens on Rock Littoral Rock P7 A2.211 Littoral Sand



A1.11 Littoral Shingle Rockpools

A2.221

A3.2112 A1.45 A2.2

80920.mxd P1

 P2 P10

TN1  P4  5 A2.2 A1.11

This map has been drawn at a sufficient level of accuracy to A1.213 fulfil the requirements of a Phase 1 baseline habitat survey. A2.111 The level of accuracy depends on both the size of the area involved and the base mapping. Every effort has been made A1.3132 to create a map that is as accurate as possible. However, Artificial Boulders this map is not intended to represent a scaled landscape B3.111 survey so should not be used to pin-point accurate

engineering work or as a basis for detailed site planning.

Cemetary P12 P14  P11   Map Centre Grid Reference: 359,475 377,730 P13 A2.245 e1\Mapping\Working\AINT110_Fig2_Phase1Results_LF_0  Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland © Crown Copyright licence No. 100324

This map must not be copied or reproduced by any means A2.221 A1.3132 A1.211 without prior written permission from Thomson Environmental

Consultants. B3.111 P18 Drawing Ref AINT110/30505/1 A2.111 A1.412 Scale at A3 P17  1:2,791

Drawn Checked A1.21 LF EA Date Date 10/09/2020 10/09/2020 Northern Ireland Fibre OpticCable IntertidalPhas Client

P15 TN2  Intertek 5 TN3 Figure Number 5 2 TN4 5 Figure Title P16 

Intertidal Phase 1 ± Survey 0 25 50

Metres Filepath:S:\Guildford\Projects\AINT110 - Scotland Photograph 1: Photograph 2: Talitrids on the upper shore and strand-line (A2.211 ) Barren littoral coarse sand (A2.221)

Photograph 3: Photograph 4: Littoral sand and muddy sand (A2.2) Close up of Arenicola casts in Littoral sand and muddy sand (A2.2)

Photograph 5: Photograph 6: Seaweeds in sediment-floored eulittoral rockpools Hediste diversicolor was highly abundant, this area was defined as “Hediste-dominated gravelly sandy mud (A1.413) hores” (A2.41)

Client Drawing Ref

Intertek AINT110/305181 Figure Number Figure 3 Drawn Checked MW Figure Title DI

Date Photographs of the Site www.thomsonec.com 10/09/2020 [email protected] Photograph 7: Photograph 8: “Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublit- moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock (A1.213) toral fringe boulders (A3.2112)

Photograph 9: Photograph 10: Mussel and/or barnacle communities (A1.11) Ephemeral green or red seaweed communities (freshwater or sand-influenced) (A1.45 )

Photograph 11: Photograph 12: Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock (B3.111) Fucus vesiculosus on mid eulittoral mixed substrata (A1.3132)

Client Drawing Ref

Intertek AINT110/30519/1 Figure Number Figure 4 Drawn Checked MW Figure Title DI

Date Photographs of the Site www.thomsonec.com 10/09/2020 [email protected] Photograph 14: Photograph 13: Lanice conchilega in littoral sand (A2.245) Barren littoral shingle (A2.111)

Photograph 15: Photograph 16: Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately Barnacles and fucoids on moderately exposed shores exposed littoral fringe rock (A1.211 ) (A1.21)

Photograph 17: Photograph 18: Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools infra-littoral gullies with Laminaria and other brown (A1.412 ) seaweeds

Client Drawing Ref

Intertek AINT110/30520/1 Figure Number Figure 5 Drawn Checked MW Figure Title DI

Date Photographs of the Site www.thomsonec.com 10/09/2020 [email protected] Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

2. Introduction

2.1 Development Background

2.1.1 Intertek is involved in the development of a proposed Scotland - Northern Ireland 3 & 4 submarine fibre optic cable system consisting of two links from Scotland to Northern Ireland. As part of the preliminary works, six proposed landing points (LPs) were identified in each nation as part of the site visit prior to a preferred LP being chosen for each link. Landing point 3 is located approximately 2.3km south of Donaghadee, at grid reference: NW 72032 31031 (Irish grid reference: J 59378 77738). Site visits for all proposed landing points were undertaken by Global Marine in February 2020 and detailed in their Site Visit report issued in March 2020 (Global Marine, 2020).

2.1.2 The preferred landing point for Scot-NI 3 in Northern Ireland is south of the town of Donaghadee in Ards. It is the existing landing of the Scot-NI 1 cable, the Beach Man Hole (BMH) for which is located in the seaward side of a pavement along the coastal road, around 3m above the shoreline. It is expected that the Scot-NI 3 cable will share this BMH and British Telecom indicated that there is a spare duct from the BMH to the beach that could be used.

2.1.3 The beach at the landing point is rocky and pebbly and is backed by a bank of cobbles. To the north is a rocky promontory that hosts a large rockpool. The new cable will need to be landed in a relatively clear area around 100m south of the Scot-NI 1 LP. The cable will then need to cross the beach via a quadrant to the existing BMH.

2.1.4 It is understood that the project is classified as a permitted development and does not require planning permission.

2.1.5 The proposals described above are hereafter referred to collectively as the development.

2.1.6 The development will be located at the intertidal areas around the cable landing corridor of proposed cable landfall location at Donaghadee in Northern Ireland. The area affected by the development is hereafter referred to as the site.

2.2 The Brief and Objectives

2.2.1 Intertek have commissioned Thomson environmental consultants to undertake a Phase 1 habitat survey of the intertidal areas around the cable landing corridor of proposed cable landfall location at Donaghadee in Northern Ireland. The scope of works is detailed below:

 The survey area will encompass the cable corridor, a width of approximately 500m (centred on the centreline; 250m either side of the cable). Habitats and species observed in the survey area will be recorded and mapped and the potential for habitats on site to support protected species will be assessed. An assessment for EC Habitats Directive Annex I listed habitats or other protected / sensitive habitats and species will be undertaken. Photographs will be taken to aid the field survey. This will provide visual information to support the identification of biotopes. The surveys will be undertaken during low tide conditions where possible (and when in daylight hours) to ensure the survey area to be assessed can be maximised. The cost also includes an ecological desk study to collate available records for designated sites, important habitats and protected species.

Intertek, Report Ref.: AINT110/002/001/002 11

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

 We will produce a combined technical report for the desk study and extended Phase 1 habitat survey for the site, detailing and mapping the biotopes/habitats present. The report will include an introduction, methodology, results and appropriate digitised mapping.

2.3 Limitations

2.3.1 Intertidal Phase 1 surveys should be conducted between April and October, as this is the period with the most faunal and floral growth on the shoreline. The survey was conducted during spring tides on the 22nd August, during this window. Conducting the survey over spring tides ensures that the greatest extent of the intertidal area possible is exposed during low tide periods, thus maximising the area visible for mapping. However, Storm Ellen hit Northern Ireland on the 19th of August, a few days prior to the survey, bringing very high winds and an extreme high tide, which lead to large amounts of displaced seaweed being scattered throughout the shoreline. This obscured the underlying biotopes in some areas.

2.3.2 The terrestrial Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey (JNCC, 1993) only has broad categories for the intertidal area, which are inadequate to map the full range of intertidal habitats. Therefore, the marine intertidal survey methodology described by Wyn et al. (2000) was adopted, to give a greater level of detail than a terrestrial Phase 1. However, identification of soft sediment biotopes was inherently limited by the Phase 1 style of the survey, as this does not allow for the production of comprehensive species lists. Full characterisation of soft sediments requires a Phase 2 level survey, which involves the collection of quantitative core samples and subsequent laboratory processing to identify all infaunal species and for granulometric analysis.

2.3.3 This report is based on the development boundary and layout received from Paula Daglish on 3rd September 2020. Subsequent changes to either may result in a requirement to reassess the potential impacts of the development and the requirements for avoidance, mitigation and enhancement.

2.4 Surveyors

2.4.1 The Phase 1 intertidal habitat survey was undertaken by Dale Irvine MMbiol and Matthew Wisby MSc BSc ACIEEM.

12 Intertek, Report Ref.: AINT110/002/001/002

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

3. Methodology

3.1 Desk Study

3.1.1 A study area was defined as an area that encompassed the site and all land within 5km of the perimeter of the site, see Figure 1. Records of designated sites and important species were then sought for the study area.

3.1.2 Sources of information were as follows:

 The Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA-NI)

 The Centre for Environmental Data and Recording (CEDaR - National Museums NI)

3.1.3 Records of designated sites were sought for the full study area, whereas records for species were sought for part of the study area encompassing the site and within 2km of the perimeter of the site.

3.1.4 Requests for information were to the Biological Record Centre sent on 8th August 2020.

3.2 Field Survey

3.2.1 The survey area was defined as an area that encompassed the proposed cable landing site with a 250m buffer on either side and ranged from Extreme Low Water Spring (ELWS) to Extreme High Water Spring (EHWS). The survey area is shown on Figure 2.

3.2.2 Prior to the survey, satellite imagery was used to identify possible biotope boundaries. These were used to produce a wireframe map and to familiarise the surveyors with the area, ensuring that the survey could be conducted in a time efficient manner.

3.2.3 The survey was conducted on the 22nd of August 2020 to coincide with an ebbing spring tide during daylight hours. The tide reached its lowest point of 0.2m at 08:14. The site was accessed via public footpaths from a nearby carpark.

3.2.4 The survey methodology followed guidelines set out in the Handbook for Marine Intertidal Phase 1 Biotope Mapping Survey (Wyn et al., 2000) for surveying rocky and sediment shores from the splash zone down to the lower shore. The basic recording unit is the biotope from the Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland (Connor et al., 2004). A biotope is defined as the combination of abiotic physical characteristics of a habitat (e.g. substratum, wave exposure) and its associated biological community of species.

3.2.5 Biotopes were cross referenced to the Classification of habitat types according to Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC (EC, 2013) to identify any Annex I habitats on site.

3.2.6 In the field, the wireframe map was used to quickly identify areas of differing habitat to and begin mapping the separate biotopes. The extent of each biotope was mapped using ARC Collector on a Toughpad by walking the boundaries of the biotopes. Geo-tagged photos were taken of each biotope. Dominant and noteworthy species were recorded as target notes, as were any notable features and incidental patches of <5x5m (the minimum size of a biotope).

Intertek, Report Ref.: AINT110/002/001/002 13

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

3.2.7 On sandy sections, periodic digging was carried out and sediment was passed over a 0.5mm sieve. Fauna retained on the sieve were identified to the lowest level possible in the field and returned to their original location.

3.2.8 Records were made of any incidental fauna encountered during the survey.

14 Intertek, Report Ref.: AINT110/002/001/002

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

Donaghadee (Scot-NI 3 Landing Point)

4. Results

4.1 Background

4.1.1 The contents of the results section are the factual results of the desk study and Phase 1 intertidal habitat survey. Excluded from this section is the assessment of the site to support species of conservation concern not recorded during the survey.

4.2 Desk Study

4.2.1 Data were received from CEDaR on 26th August 2020.

4.2.2 The results are summarised below and the locations of designated sites and selected species of conservation concern are shown on Figure 1.

Designated Sites

4.2.3 A total of three designated sites were identified within 5km of the site. These include Ramsar sites, Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSIs). Details of the designated sites are summarised in Table 1 below. Table 1 Designated sites

Site Grid Area Distance Description Designation Reference (ha) to site (km) International Sites (SPA, SAC and Ramsar) Outer Ards NW 747 223 Ramsar: 0km The Outer Ards extend from Ramsar, SPA, (NI Grid ref. J 1278.82 Grey Point on the north Down ASSI 62781 69265) coast to Ballyquintin Point in SPA: the South. The site mainly 1410.41 encompasses the intertidal area including mud and sand ASSI: dominated by shores, cobble 1116.16 and boulder beaches and rocky shores. The qualifying features of interest are the breeding colonies of artic tern (Sterna paradisaea) and Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) together with wintering populations of light-bellied brent goose (Branta bernicla), golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria), turnstone (Arenaria interpres) and ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula).

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Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey

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Site Grid Area Distance Description Designation Reference (ha) to site (km)

The boundary of the Ramsar site is entirely coincident with the Outer Ards ASSI and Ballymacormick Point ASSI (DAERA, 2005). The boundary of the SPA is entirely coincident with the Outer Ards ASSI and Ballymacormick Point ASSI and includes open marine areas (DEARA, 2002) Copeland NW 733 382 201.52 4.73 The Copeland Islands site Islands SPA, (NI Grid Ref. J comprises three islands ASSI. 60028 84988) (Copeland Island, Lighthouse Island and Mew Island) together with associated islets off the north-east Co. Down coast. It includes rocky shores together with limited areas of sand/mud and cobble/boulder beaches. Terrestrial habitat include saltmarsh, freshwater marsh, maritime grassland, limited extent of inland cliff and semi-improved agricultural grassland. The qualifying features are the breeding colonies of Manx shearwater and arctic tern.

The boundary of the SPA is entirely coincident with the Copeland Islands ASSI.

(DAERA, 2010a). National Sites (ASSIs) Blaeberry NW 673 313 25.48 4.11 Designated for regional extent Island Bog (NI Grid Ref. J of intact and active cutover ASSI 54700 77700) bog in Northern Ireland. Supports unique vegetation communities that are irreplaceable including the nationally rare golden bog-

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Site Grid Area Distance Description Designation Reference (ha) to site (km) moss (Sphagnum pulchrum).

(DAERA, 2010b)

Annex I Habitats

4.2.4 Information on Annex I habitats was not available from desk study resources so an assessment for these habitats were made on site.

Priority Habitats outside designated sites

4.2.5 No priority habitats within the site or within 5km of the site perimeter were located from the desk study.

Protected Species

4.2.6 Records of nine protected species were identified within 2km of the survey area. These included three Annex 1 birds listed as species of principal importance/qualifying interest for the Outer Ards Ramsar and SPA (respectively). Three records of European otter were returned, and eight bird species listed on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 (as amended). A summary of these results is shown in Table 1 below, only records of species closest to the site are shown.

Other Species of Conservation Concern

4.2.7 A total of eight Northern Ireland Priority Species were identified within 2km of the site, and 16 birds of conservation concern, shown in Table 2 below.

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Table 2 Species records derived from the desk study

Northern Red Distance HSR Sch1 2 WO2 Sch1 3 Ireland Grid Common name Latin Name Annex I Data from site or 3 or 5 Priority Reference Birds Book/ (km) Species4 BoCC5 Mammals  Otter Lutra lutra Schedule 2 Schedule 5  J586808 1.23 Birds

Arctic skua Stercorarius parasiticus  Red J5980 1.95

Common black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus  Amber J589799 1.87

Common scoter Melanitta nigra Schedule 1  Red J5980 1.95

Curlew Numenius arquata Schedule 1  Red J5963079306 1.27

Dunlin Calidris alpina Schedule 1  Amber J5980 1.95

Eider Somateria mollissima Amber J5980 1.95

Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus Amber J594793 1.24

Great northern diver Gavia immer Amber J594793 1.24

Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla Red J5980 1.95  (Outer J5976 Pale-Bellied Brent Goose Branta bernicla subsp. hrota Ards  1.52

1 The Conservation (Natural Habitats etc.) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1995, as amended 2 The Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1985, as amended 3 Bird species listed on Annex I of the Birds Directive 4 Species of Principal Importance for Northern Ireland. 5 Birds of Conservation Concern 4: the population status of birds in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man

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Northern Red Distance HSR Sch1 2 WO2 Sch1 3 Ireland Grid Common name Latin Name Annex I Data from site or 3 or 5 Priority Reference Birds Book/ (km) Species4 BoCC5 Ramsar & SPA)  (Outer Ards Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus Schedule 1 Ramsar) Amber J5980 1.95

Mediterranean gull Larus melanocephalus Schedule 1 Amber J5980 1.95

Purple sandpiper Calidris maritima Amber J594799 1.84

Red-throated diver Gavia stellata Schedule 1 J594793 1.24

Sandwich tern Sterna sandvicensis Schedule 1 Amber J5980 1.95

Shelduck Tadorna tadorna Amber J594793 1.24  (Outer Ards Ramsar & Turnstone Arenaria interpres SPA) Amber J594793 1.24

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Schedule 1  Red J594793 1.24

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4.3 Field Survey

Site description

4.3.1 The distribution of biotopes and lifeform groups are show on Figure 2.

4.3.2 The northern region of the survey site had large artificial boulders at the upper limit of the shore. Below the boulders was a sandy shore, which transitioned to two large permanent pools in the mid-shore. Further down, the low shore consisted of a large boulder field covered in fucoid algae. This boulder field also contained small sections of exposed bedrock.

4.3.3 Moving south, the bay became gravellier, with patches of mixed sediment including large boulders on sand. The mid-shore was again characterised by boulders covered in fucoid algae with a patch of exposed bedrock. The southern end of the bay had a smaller stretch of sand, which transitioned into a barren shingle beach.

4.3.4 There were extensive kelp beds in the sublittoral fringe, at the edge of the intertidal zone, throughout the survey area.

4.3.5 The southernmost region of the survey area is a small headland of exposed bedrock. The upper limits of the bedrock were colonised by a mixture of yellow and grey lichen, with some small rockpools dominated by ephemeral green algae. Below this, the rock was covered in tar lichen with patches of algae and barnacles. Patches of fucoids, barnacles and limpets were present on the mid-shore rock. The lower shore was dominated by kelp and a mixture of fucoid algae species, which could be seen in the bottom of gullies running perpendicular to the coastline.

Biotopes

4.3.6 A total of 16 biotopes were described within the survey area. These biotopes are described below, listed in Table 3 and their distribution shown in Figure 2.

Talitrids on the upper shore and strand-line

4.3.7 On the upper shore was a strandline of dried seaweed with talitrid amphipods which ran along the length of the shore from the northern extent of the survey area to the cemetery in the south, this biotope was classified as “Talitrids on the upper shore and strand-line” (A2.211, Figure 3, Photo 1).

Barren littoral coarse sand

4.3.8 Below the strand line, no fauna was observed on the surface or found when the sediment was sieved, therefore this area was classified as “Barren littoral coarse sand” (A2.221, Figure 3, Photo 2). This biotope extended south as far as the cemetery, with another patch at the south end of the bay.

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Littoral sand and muddy sand

Within the barren coarse sediment were two small pockets of finer sediment containing casts of the lugworm Arenicola. A much larger band of this sediment ran along the majority of the survey site, slightly further down the shore. These areas were classified as “Littoral sand and muddy sand” (A2.2, Figure 3, Photos 3 & 4). A target note was made near the southern pocket for a patch of brown and green seaweed covered boulders (TN1).

Seaweeds in sediment-floored eulittoral rockpools

4.3.9 Two large rockpools in the mid-shore were defined as “Seaweeds in sediment-floored eulittoral rockpools” (A1.413, Figure 3, Photo 5). These pools contained a range of seaweeds including kelp (Laminaria digitata), fucoids (Fucus serratus and F. vesiculosus), encrusting red algae and the green algae Ulva intestinalis. Observed fauna included the gastropod snails Littorina and Trochidae, and casts of the lugworm Arenicola.

Hediste-dominated gravelly sandy mud shores

4.3.10 Near the southern pool was a patch of mixed sediment with Ulva intestinalis, where the ragworm Hediste diversicolor was highly abundant, this area was defined as “Hediste-dominated gravelly sandy mud shores” (A2.41, Figure 3, Photo 6).

Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock

4.3.11 The shore below the rockpools consisted of rocks of various sizes covered in fucoid algae with occasional barnacles and limpets (Patella sp.). This biotope was defined as “Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock” (A1.213, Figure 4, Photo 7). There was a second area of this biotope slightly further south; together they comprised the majority of the mid-shore throughout the site.

Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublittoral fringe boulders

4.3.12 Low down the shore, the sublittoral fringe was dominated by kelp (Laminaria digitata) with patches of the fucoid Fucus serratus and small foliaceous and encrusting red algae on the rocks. This biotope was classified as “Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublittoral fringe boulders” (A3.2112, Figure 4, Photo 8) and extended throughout the length of the survey area at the start of the sublittoral zone.

Mussel and/or barnacle communities

4.3.13 In the mid-shore there were sections of raised, exposed bedrock with sparse patches of barnacles and limpets (Patella sp.). The beadlet anemone Actinia equina and the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus were present in crevices between the rock. This biotope was defined as “Mussel and/or barnacle communities” (A1.11, Figure 4, Photo 9) and occurred at 4 locations in the northern half of the survey site.

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Ephemeral green or red seaweed communities (freshwater or sand-influenced)

4.3.14 In the mid-shore of the central section of the survey area there was a band of sand with cobbles covered by a mixture of ephemeral algae, including Ulva intestinalis. This area was classified as “Ephemeral green or red seaweed communities (freshwater or sand-influenced)” (A1.45, Figure 4, Photo 10), due to the sand influence and relatively sparse fauna. The gastropod snail Littorina and casts of the lugworm Arenicola were also present.

Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock

4.3.15 The upper shore directly below the cemetery was mainly exposed bedrock, the upper reaches of which were covered in lichens and given the biotope “Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock” (B3.111, Figure 4, Photo 11).

Fucus vesiculosus on mid eulittoral mixed substrata

4.3.16 Below this area was a patch of sand/mud with large cobbles and boulders covered in F. vesiculosus. Barnacles and the gastropod snail Littorina were also present. This biotope was defined as “Fucus vesiculosus on mid eulittoral mixed substrata” (A1.3132, Figure 4, Photo 12). A second area of this biotope was present slightly lower on the shore surrounding an area of raised bedrock.

Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock

4.3.17 The upper shore in the south of the bay contained no obvious fauna and was defined as “Barren littoral shingle” (A2.111, Figure 5, Photo 13), with a second area of “Barren littoral coarse sand” (A2.221) below it. In the mid-shore, below the continuing “Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock” (A1.213), was a sandy area dominated by tubes of the sand mason worm Lanice conchilega, which was classified as “Lanice conchilega in littoral sand” (A2.245, Figure 5, Photo 14).

Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock

4.3.18 The southernmost region of the survey area is a small headland of exposed bedrock which displays clear zonation with a second, more extensive area of yellow and green lichen covered rocks in the upper shore (biotope B3.111). Towards the south end of this biotope was a small rockpool dominated by green algae (TN2) the pool was too small qualify as a biotope and was therefore marked as a target note, Below this, the rock was covered in black tar lichen (Verrucaria maura) with patches of the wrack Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles. This zone was characterised as “Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock” (A1.211, Figure 5, Photo 15). This biotope contained two small rockpools recorded as target notes, one deep rockpool dominated by a mixture of fucoids and kelp (TN3) the other was dominated by Fucus serratus (TN4).

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Barnacles and fucoids on moderately exposed shores

4.3.19 The bedrock in the mid-shore of the southern end of the survey site showed a high percentage of barnacle cover where the rock was angled obliquely to the waves and was dominated by a mixture of fucoids where sheltered. This area was classified as “Barnacles and fucoids on moderately exposed shores” (A1.21, Figure 5, Photo 16).

Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools

4.3.20 One large, deep rockpool was located inside this biotope, the deeper sections of which contained kelp and large fucoids (F. serratus and F. vesiculosus), encrusting red algae, limpets (Patella sp.) and the beadlet anemone (A. equina). This biotope was defined as “Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools” (A1.412, Figure 5, Photo 17).

4.3.21 The shoreline in this area also included several infra-littoral gullies running perpendicular to the coast, which were dominated by kelp (Laminaria digitata) and large brown seaweeds including Fucus serratus and Himanthalia elongata. The limpet (Patella sp.) and encrusting red algae were also present (Figure 5, Photo 18).

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Table 3. Biotopes identified in the survey area

EUNIS Biotope Name (JNCC 04.06) JNCC Code Notes Lifeform group Code

A1.11 Mussel and/or barnacle communities LR.HLR.MusB Fauna: Patella, Actinia equina, Nucella lapillus, Littoral Rock Semibalanus balanoides, Chthamalus.

A1.21 Barnacles and fucoids on moderately exposed LR.MLR.BF Algae: Fucus vesiculosus Littoral Rock shores Fauna: Patella

A1.211 Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on LR.MLR.BF.Pel Algae: Pelvetia canaliculata Fucoids moderately exposed littoral fringe rock Fauna: S. balanoides, Chthamalus

A1.213 Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on LR.MLR.BF.FvesB Algae: F. vesiculosus Littoral Rock moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock Fauna: Patella, S. balanoides

A1.3132 Fucus vesiculosus on mid eulittoral mixed LR.LLR.F.Fves.X Algae: F.vesiculosus, Ulva intestinalis Fucoids substrata Fauna: Littorina, S. balanoides, Chthamalus

A1.412 Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools LR.FLR.Rkp.FK Algae: Fucus serratus F.vesiculosus Laminaria digitata, Rockpools encrusting red algae Fauna: Patella, Actinia equina, Nucella lapillus

A1.413 Seaweeds in sediment-floored eulittoral LR.FLR.Rkp.SwSed Algae: encrusting red algae, Laminaria digitata, Fucus Rockpools rockpools serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Ulva intestinalis Fauna: Littorina, Trochidae, Arenicola casts

A1.45 Ephemeral green or red seaweed LR.FLR.Eph Algae: Ulva intestinalis Littoral Rock communities (freshwater or sand-influenced) Fauna: Arenicola casts

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A2.111 Barren littoral shingle LS.LCS.Sh.BarSh No fauna or algae observed Littoral shingle

A2.2 Littoral sand and muddy sand LS.LSa Fauna: Arenicola casts Littoral sand

A2.211 Talitrids on the upper shore and strand-line LS.LSa.St.Tal Fauna: Talitrid amphipods Littoral sand

A2.221 Barren littoral coarse sand LS.LSa.MoSa.BarSa No fauna or algae observed Littoral sand

A2.245 Lanice conchilega in littoral sand LS.LSa.MuSa.Lan Fauna: Lanice conchilega Littoral sand

A2.41 Hediste-dominated gravelly sandy mud shores LS.LMx.GvMu Algae: Ulva intestinalis Littoral sand Fauna: Hediste diversicolor

A3.2112 Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on IR.MIR.KR.Ldig.Bo Algae: Fucus serratus, Laminaria digitata, encrusting Littoral Rock sublittoral fringe boulders red algae Fauna: Littorina, Spirobinae

B3.111 Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock LR.FLR.Lic.YG No fauna or algae observed Littoral Rock

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Incidental Fauna Records

4.3.22 A number of species were recorded foraging within the survey area, listed in Table 4 below. Table 4. Incidental species sightings

Protected Northern Ireland Common Name Latin name Species Priority Species Sch 3 HSR,  Sch 5, 6 & 7 Common seal Phoca vitulina WO Sch 2 HSR,  European otter Lutra lutra Sch 5 WO Ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula Annex I  Razorbill Alca torda  Redshank Tringa totanus  Curlew Numenius arquata Sch 1 WO  Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo  Herring gull Larus argentatus  Greater black-backed gull Larus marinus  Black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus  Sandwich tern Sterna sandvicensis  Turnstone Arenaria interpres Annex I  Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus  Grey heron Ardea cinerea  Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus  Knotted wrack Ascophyllum nodosum 

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5. References

5.1.1 CIRCA (2003) Coastal and marine environmental site guide. Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) Publication C584 .

5.1.2 Connor, D. W, Allen, J.H, Golding, N., Howell, K. L., Lieberknecht, L.M., Northen, K. O. & Reker, J. B. 2004. The marine habitat classification for Britain and Ireland, Version 04.05 JNCC, Peterborough. Available online: www.jncc.gov.uk/MarineHabitatClassification

5.1.3 DEARA (2015). A Biodiversity Strategy for Northern Ireland to 2020. Available online: https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/biodiversity-strategy-northern-ireland-2020-0 [Accessed 10/09/2020]

5.1.4 DEARA (2010a). Citation document for Copeland Islands SPA. Available online: https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/special-protection-area-copeland-islands [Accessed 09/09/2020]

5.1.5 DEARA (2010b). Blaeberry Island Bog ASSI citation documents and map. Available online: https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/blaeberry-island-bog-assi [Accessed 09/09/2020]

5.1.6 DEARA (2010c). Northern Ireland Priority Habitats. Available online: https://www.daera- ni.gov.uk/publications/northern-ireland-list-priority-habitats [Accessed 10/09/2020]

5.1.7 DEARA (2005). Outer Ards Citation and Map. Available online: https://www.daera- ni.gov.uk/publications/outer-ards-ramsar [Accessed 09/09/2020]

5.1.8 DEARA (2002). Outer Ards SPA Citation Document. Available online: https://www.daera- ni.gov.uk/publications/outer-ards-special-protection-area [Accessed 18/09/2020]

5.1.9 European Comission (2013). Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/docs/Int_Manual_EU28.pdf [Accessed 18/09/2020]

5.1.10 Global Marine (2020). Scotland – Northern Ireland 3 & 4. Site Visit Report. 2668-GMSL-6-RA- 0001.

5.1.11 Joint Nature Conservation Committee. 1993. Reprinted Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – a technique for environmental audit. England Field Unit Nature Conservancy Council 1990.

5.1.12 Wyn, G., Brazier, P., Birch, K., Bunker, A., Cooke, A., Jones, M., Lough, N., McMath, A. & Roberts, S. (2000) Handbook for Marine Intertidal Phase 1 Biotope Mapping Survey. Countryside Council for Wales, Bangor.

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