Publications using Hawaii Ocean Time-series data (updated September 2012) (1-577) 1. Firing E, R.L. Gordon (1990) Deep ocean acoustic Doppler current profiling. Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurements, eds Appell GF & Curtin TB (IEEE, New York), pp 192-201. 2. Giovannoni SJ, Delong EF, Schmidt TM, & Pace NR (1990) Tangential flow filtration and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of marine picoplankton. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56(8):2572-2575. 3. Chiswell SM (1991) Dynamic response of CTD pressure sensors to temperature. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 8(5):659-668. 4. Karl DM, Dore JE, Hebel DV, & Winn C (1991) Procedures for particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total mass analyses used in the US-JGOFS Hawaii Ocean Time-series program. Marine particles: Analysis and characterization., eds Hurd DC & Spencer DW (American Geophys Union), pp 71-77. 5. Karl DM & Winn CD (1991) A Sea of change: Monitoring the Ocean's carbon cycle. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25(12):1977-1981. 6. Laws EA (1991) Photosynthetic quotients, new production and net community production in the open ocean. Deep-Sea Research I 38(1):143- 167. 7. Sabine CL & MacKenzie FT (1991) Oceanic sinks for anthropogenic CO2. International Journal of Energy, Environment, Economics 1:119-127. 8. Schmidt TM, Delong EF, & Pace NR (1991) Analysis of a marine picoplankton community by 16s ribosomal-RNA gene cloning and sequencing. Journal of Bacteriology 173(14):4371-4378. 9. Anbar AD, Creaser RA, Papanastassiou DA, & Wasserburg GJ (1992) Rhenium in seawater - Confirmation of generally conservative behavior. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 56(11):4099-4103. 10. Benner R, Pakulski JD, Mccarthy M, Hedges JI, & Hatcher PG (1992) Bulk chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the ocean. Science 255(5051):1561-1564. 11. Chen RF & Bada JL (1992) The fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in seawater. Marine Chemistry 37(3-4):191-221. 12. Karl DM (1992) The oceanic carbon cycle: Primary production and carbon flux in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the IGBP Symposium on Global Change, ed Oshima Y (Japan National Committee for the IGBP, Tokyo, Japan). 13. Karl DM, Letelier R, Hebel DV, Bird DF, & Winn CD (1992) Trichodesmium blooms and new nitrogen in the North Pacific Gyre. Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and other Diazotrophs, eds Carpenter EJ, G. CD, & G. RJ (Kluwer Academic Publisher, Netherlands), pp 219-237. 14. Karl DM & Tien G (1992) MAGIC: A sensitive and precise method for measuring dissolved phosphorus in aquatic environments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37(1):105-116. 15. Quay PD, Tilbrook B, & Wong CS (1992) Oceanic uptake of fossil fuel CO2 - C13 evidence. Science 256(5053):74-79. 16. Williams PM (1992) Measurement of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in natural waters. Oceanography 5:107-116. 17. Campbell L & Vaulot D (1993) Photosynthetic picoplankton community structure in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii. Deep-Sea Research I 40(10):2043-2060. 18. Coble PG, Schultz CA, & Mopper K (1993) Fluorescence contouring analysis of DOC intercalibration experiment samples - a comparison of techniques. Marine Chemistry 41(1-3):173-178. 19. Emerson S, Quay, P., Stump, C., Wilbur, D., Schudlich, R. (1993) Determining primary production from the mesoscale oxygen field. Measurement of Primary Production from the Molecular to the Global Scale (ICES Marine Science Symposium 197), eds Li WKW & Maestrini SY (ICES marine science symposia, Copenhagen), pp 196-206. 20. Hedges JI, Bergamaschi BA, & Benner R (1993) Comparative analyses of DOC and DON in natural waters. Marine Chemistry 41(1-3):121-134. 21. Karl DM (1993) Total microbial biomass estimation derived from the measurement of particulate adenosine-5'-triphosphate. Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology, ed Kemp PF, B.F. Sherr, E.B. Sherr, J.J. Cole (Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.). 22. Karl DM, Tien G, Dore J, & Winn CD (1993) Total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at US-JGOFS station ALOHA: Redfield reconciliation. Marine Chemistry 41:203-208. 23. Keeling CD (1993) Lecture 2: Surface ocean CO2. The Global Carbon Cycle (NATO ASI Ser. I vol. 15), ed Heimann M (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany). 24. Letelier R, et al. (1993) Temporal variability of phytoplankton community structure based on pigment analysis. Limnology Oceanography 38(7):1420- 1437. 25. Mopper K & Schultz CA (1993) Fluorescence as a possible tool for studying the nature and water column distribution of DOC components. Marine Chemistry 41(1-3):229-238. 26. Selph KE, Karl DM, & Landry MR (1993) Quantification of chemiluminescent DNA probes using liquid scintillation counting. Analytical Biochemistry 210(2):394-401. 27. Winn CD, R. Lukas, D. Hebel, C. Carrillo, R. Letelier, and D.M. Karl (1993) The Hawaii Ocean Time-series program: Resolving variability in the North Pacific. Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology, 92 (Proceedings of the Fifth Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology - PACON 1992), ed Saxena NK (PACON International, Honolulu). 28. Baines SB, Pace ML, & Karl DM (1994) Why does the relationship between sinking flux and planktonic primary production differ between lakes and oceans? Limnology and Oceanography 39(2):213-226. 29. Björkman K & Karl DM (1994) Bioavailability of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds to natural assemblages of microorganisms in Hawaiian coastal waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 111:265-273. 30. Campbell L, Nolla HA, & Vaulot D (1994) The importance of Prochlorococcus to the community structure in the central North Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography 39(4):954-961. 31. Campbell L, Shapiro LP, & Haugen E (1994) Immunochemical characterization of eukaryotic ultraplankton from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Journal of Plankton Research 16(1):35-51. 32. Chiswell SM (1994) Using an array of inverted echo sounders to measure dynamic height and geostrophic current in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 11(5):1420-1424. 33. Chiswell SM (1994) Vertical structure of the baroclinic tides in the central North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Journal of Physical Oceanography 24(9):2032- 2039. 34. Christian JR & Karl DM (1994) Microbial community structure at the U.S.- Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Station ALOHA: Inverse methods for estimating biochemical indicator ratios. Journal of Geophysical Research 99(C7):14269-14276. 35. Karl DM (1994) Accurate estimation of microbial loop processes and rates. Microbial Ecology 28:147-150. 36. Tupas LM, Popp BN, & Karl DM (1994) Dissolved organic carbon in oligotrophic waters: experiments on sample preservation, storage and analysis. Marine Chemistry 45:207-216. 37. Winn CD, Mackenzie FT, Carrillo CJ, Sabine CL, & Karl DM (1994) Air-sea carbon dioxide exchange in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre - Implications for the global carbon budget. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 8(2):157-163. 38. Atkinson MA, F.I.M. Thomas, N. Larson, E. Terrill, K. Morita and C. Liu (1995) A micro-hole potentiostatic oxygen sensor for oceanic CTDs Deep-Sea Research 42:761- 771. 39. Chavez FP, et al. (1995) On the chlorophyll a retention properties of glass fiber GF/F filters. Limnology and Oceanography 40(2):428-433. 40. Christian JR & Karl DM (1995) Measuring bacterial ectoenzyme activities in marine waters using mercuric-chloride as a preservative and a control. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 123(1-3):217-224. 41. Christian JR & Karl DM (1995) Bacterial ectoenzymes in marine waters: Activity ratios and temperature responses in three oceanographic provinces. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(6):1042-1049. 42. Emerson S, Quay PD, Stump C, Wilbur D, & Schudlich R (1995) Chemical Tracers of Productivity and Respiration in the Subtropical Pacific-Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 100(C8):15873-15887. 43. Jones DR, Karl DM, & Laws EA (1995) DNA:ATP ratios in marine microalgae and bacteria: Implications for growth rate estimates based on rates of DNA synthesis. J. Phycol. 31:215-223. 44. Karl DM (1995) HOT and the North Pacific gyre - Reply. Nature 378(6552):22-22. 45. Karl DM, et al. (1995) Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Niño. Nature 373:230-234. 46. Liu HB, Campbell L, & Landry MR (1995) Growth and Mortality-Rates of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus Measured with a Selective Inhibitor Technique. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 116(1-3):277-287. 47. Maranger R & Bird DF (1995) Viral Abundance in Aquatic Systems - a Comparison between Marine and Fresh-Waters. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 121(1-3):217-226. 48. McGowan J (1995) HOT and the North Pacific Gyre. Nature 378(6552):21-22. 49. Mullins TD, Britschgi TB, Krest RL, & Giovannoni SJ (1995) Genetic Comparisons Reveal the Same Unknown Bacterial Lineages in Atlantic and Pacific Bacterioplankton Communities. Limnology and Oceanography 40(1):148-158. 50. Sabine CL & Mackenzie FT (1995) Bank-derived carbonate sediment transport and dissolution in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Aquatic Geochemistry 1:189-230. 51. Sabine CL, Mackenzie FT, Winn C, & Karl DM (1995) Geochemistry of carbon dioxide in seawater at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station ALOHA. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9(4):637-651. 52. Sharp JH, et al. (1995) Analyses of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Seawater - the JGOFS EqPac Methods Comparison. Marine Chemistry 48(2):91-108. 53. Thomas FIM & Atkinson MJ (1995) Field Calibration of a Microhole Potentiostatic Oxygen Sensor for Oceanic CTDs. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 12(2):390-394. 54. Tilbrook BD & Karl DM (1995) Methane Sources, Distributions and Sinks from California Coastal Waters to the Oligotrophic North Pacific Gyre. Marine Chemistry 49(1):51-64. 55. Winn CD, et al. (1995) Seasonal variability in the phytoplankton community of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 9(4):605- 620. 56. Anbar AD, Wasserburg GJ, Papanastassiou DA, & Andersson PS (1996) Iridium in natural waters. Science 273(5281):1524-1528. 57. Andersen R, R. Bidigare, M. Keller and M. Latasa (1996) A comparison of HPLC pigment signatures and electron microscopic observations for oligotrophic waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Deep-Sea Research II 43:517-537. 58. Atkinson MJ, Thomas FIM, & Larson N (1996) Effects of pressure on oxygen sensors. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 13(6):1267-1274. 59. Bingham FaRL (1996) Seasonal cycles of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. Deep-Sea Research II 43:199-213. 60. Campos ML, A. Farrenkopf, T. Jickells and G. Luther (1996) A comparison of dissolved iodine cycling at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study station and Hawaii Ocean Time- series station. Deep-Sea Research II 43:455-466. 61. Chiswell S (1996) Intraseasonal oscillations at Station ALOHA, north of Oahu, Hawaii. Deep-Sea Research II 43:305-319. 62. Cowen JP & Holloway CF (1996) Structural and chemical analysis of marine aggregates: In situ macrophotography and laser confocal and electron microscopy. Marine Biology 126(2):163-174. 63. De La Rocha CL, M. A. Brzezinski, M.J. DeNiro (1996) Purification, recovery, and laser-driven fluorination of silicon from dissolved and particulate silica for the measurement of natural stable isotope abundances. Analytical Chemistry 68:3746-3750. 64. Dore JE, et al. (1996) Freezing as a method of sample preservation for the analysis of dissolved nutrients in seawater. Mar. Chem. 53:173-185. 65. Dore JE & Karl DM (1996) Nitrification in the euphotic zone as a source for nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide at Station ALOHA. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41(8):1619-1628. 66. Dore JE & Karl DM (1996) Nitrite distributions and dynamics at station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research II 43(2-3):385-402. 67. Firing E (1996) Currents observed north of Oahu during the first 5 years of HOT. Deep-Sea Research II 43:281-303. 68. Jones DR, Karl DM, & Laws EA (1996) Growth rates and production of heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Res. I 43(10):1567-1580. 69. Karl DM, et al. (1996) Seasonal and interannual variability in primary production and particle flux at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research II 43:539- 568. 70. Karl DM & Lukas R (1996) The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program: Background, rationale and field implementation. Deep-Sea Research II 43:129-156. 71. Karl DM & Michaels AF (1996) Preface: The Hawaiian Ocean Time-series (HOT) and the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS). Deep-Sea Research II 43:127-128. 72. Kennan SC & Lukas R (1996) Saline intrusions in the intermediate waters north of Oahu, Hawaii. Deep-Sea Research II 43:215-241. 73. Latasa M, R.R. Bidigare, M.E. Ondrusek and M.C. Kennicutt II (1996) HPLC analysis of algal pigments: a comparison exercise among laboratories and recommendations for improved analytical performance. Marine Chemistry 51:315-324. 74. Lawson L, Y. Spitz and E. Hofmann (1996) Time series sampling and data assimilation in a simple marine ecosystem model. Deep-Sea Research II 43:625-651. 75. Letelier RM, Dore JD, Winn CD, & Karl DM (1996) Seasonal and interannual variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Res. II 43:467-490. 76. Letelier RM & Karl DM (1996) The importance of Trichodesmium spp. in the productivity of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 133:263-273. 77. Lukas R & Santiago-Mandujano F (1996) Interannual variability of Pacific deep and bottom waters observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. Deep-Sea Research 43:243- 255. 78. Mitchum G (1996) On using satellite altimetric heights to provide a spatial context for the Hawaii Ocean Time-series measurements. Deep-Sea Research II 43:257-280. 79. Roy-Barman M, J.H. Chen and G.J. Wasserburg (1996) 230Th-232Th systematics in the central Pacific Ocean: The sources and the fates of thorium. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 139:351-363. 80. Schudlich RaSE (1996) Gas saturation in the surface ocean: The roles of heat flux, gas exchange and bubbles. Deep-Sea Research 43:569-589. 81. Behrenfeld MJ & Falkowski PG (1997) Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration. Limnology and Oceanography 42(1):1-20. 82. Benner R, Biddanda B, Black B, & McCarthy M (1997) Abundance, size distribution, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of marine organic matter isolated by tangential-flow ultrafiltration. Marine Chemistry 57(3-4):243-263. 83. Campbell L, Liu H, Nolla HA, & Vaulot D (1997) Annual variability of phytoplankton and bacteria in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean at Station ALOHA during the 1991-1994 ENSO event. Deep-Sea Res. I 44(2):167-192. 84. Christian JR, Lewis MR, & Karl DM (1997) Vertical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, near Hawaii. J. Geophys. Res. 102(C7):15667-15677. 85. Emerson S, et al. (1997) Experimental determination of the organic flux from open-ocean surface waters. Nature 389:951-954. 86. Karl D, et al. (1997) The role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature 388:533-538. 87. Karl DM (1997) Oceanic carbon cycle and global environmental change: A microbiological perspective. Progress in Microbial Ecology (Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Microbial Ecology - ISME-7, 1995), ed Martins MT, M. Sato, J.M. Tiedje, L.C. Mendonça-Hagler, J. Döbereiner and P. Sanchez (Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia, Sao Paulo, Brazil). 88. Karl DM, Hebel, D.V., Tupas, L.M. (1997) Biogeochemical studies at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Station ALOHA. OOPC Ocean Climate Time- Series Workshop Report (GCOS Report No. 41), ed Haugan PM (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission - UNESCO, Paris, France). 89. Karl DM & Tien G (1997) Temporal variability in dissolved phosphorus concentration in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Mar. Chem. 56:77-96. 90. Karl DM & Yanagi K (1997) Partial characterization of the dissolved organic phosphorus pool in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42(6):1398-1405. 91. Liu H, Nolla H, & Campbell L (1997) Prochlorococcus growth rate and contribution to primary production in the equatorial and subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 12:39-47. 92. Lukas R, Santiago-Mandujano,F., Firing,E. (1997) Long-term hydrographic variations observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. OOPC Ocean Climate Time-Series Workshop Report (GCOS Report No. 41), ed Haugan PM (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission - UNESCO, Paris, France). 93. Ondrusek ME, Bidigare, R.R., (1997) Measurements of photo-physiological parameters and primary production in the Central North Pacific Ocean. Ocean Optics XIII (Proceedings SPIE vol. 2963), ed Ackleson SG, and R. Frouin (SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA.). 94. Qiu B, Koh DA, Lumpkin C, & Flament P (1997) Existence and formation mechanism of the North Hawaiian Ridge Current. Journal of Physical Oceanography 27(3):431-444. 95. Sansone FJ, Popp BN, & Rust TM (1997) Stable carbon isotopic analysis of low-level methane in water and gas. Analytical Chemistry 69(1):40-44. 96. Smith CR, W. Berelson, D.J. Demaster, F.C. Dobbs, D. Hammond, D.J. Hoover, R.H. Pope, M. Stephens (1997) Latitudinal variations in benthic processes in the abyssal equatorial Pacific: control by biogenic particle flux. Deep-Sea Research II 44:2295-2317. 97. Troy PJ, Y.H. Li and F.T. Mackenzie (1997) Changes in surface morphology of calcite exposed to the oceanic water column. Aquatic Geochemistry 3:1-20. 98. Venrick EL (1997) Comparison of the phytoplankton species composition and structure in the Climax area (1973-1985) with that of station ALOHA (1994). Limnology and Oceanography 42(7):1643-1648. 99. Brzezinski MA, Villareal TA, & Lipschultz F (1998) Silica production and the contribution of diatoms to new and primary production in the central North Pacific. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 167:89-104. 100. Dore JE, Popp BN, Karl DM, & Sansone FJ (1998) A large source of atmospheric nitrous oxide from subtropical North Pacific surface waters. Nature 369:63-66. 101. Karl DM, Dobbs, F. (1998) Molecular approaches to microbial biomass estimation in the sea. Molecular Approaches to the Study of the Ocean, ed Cooksey KE (Chapman & Hall, London). 102. Karl DM, Hebel DV, Björkman K, & Letelier RM (1998) The role of dissolved organic matter release in the productivity of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43(2):1270-1286. 103. Letelier RM & Karl DM (1998) Trichodesmium spp. physiology and nutrient fluxes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 15:265-276. 104. Li WKW (1998) Annual average abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and Synechococcus in surface ocean waters. Limnology and Oceanography 43(7):1746-1753. 105. Loisel H & Morel A (1998) Light scattering and chlorophyll concentration in case 1 waters: A reexamination. Limnology and Oceanography 43(5):847-858. 106. Lukas R (1998) A freshening of the upper pycnocline in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Proceedings of the International Symposium TRIANGLE '98, (JAMSTEC, Kyoto, Japan). 107. Popp BN, et al. (1998) Effect of phytoplankton cell geometry on carbon isotopic fractionation. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 62(1):69-77. 108. Thomson-Bulldis A & Karl DM (1998) Applications of a novel method for phosphorus determinations in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43(7):1565-1577. 109. Winn CD, Li Y-H, Mackenzie FT, & Karl DM (1998) Rising surface ocean dissolved inorganic carbon at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series site. Mar. Chem. 60:33-47. 110. Zehr JP, Mellon MT, & Zani S (1998) New nitrogen-fixing microorganisms detected in oligotrophic oceans by amplification of nitrogenase (nifH) genes. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 64(9):3444-3450. 111. Calbet A & Landry MR (1999) Mesozooplankton influences on the microbial food web: Direct and indirect trophic interactions in the oligotrophic open ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 44(6):1370-1380. 112. Ducklow HW (1999) The bacterial component of the oceanic euphotic zone. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 30:1-10. 113. E. Mercado & Frazer LN (1999) Environmental constraints on sound transmission by humpback whales. Acoustical Society of America 106:3004- 3016. 114. Emerson S, Karl, D.M. (1999) The biological carbon pump in the subtropical Pacific Ocean: Nutrient limitations and CO2 fluxes. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on CO2 in the Oceans, ed Nojiri Y (CGER/NIES, Tsukuba, Japan). 115. Firing E, Qiu B, & Miao WF (1999) Time-dependent island rule and its application to the time-varying North Hawaiian Ridge Current. Journal of Physical Oceanography 29(10):2671-2688. 116. Gruber N, et al. (1999) Spatiotemporal patterns of carbon-13 in the global surface oceans and the oceanic Suess effect. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 13(2):307-335. 117. JD Milliman PT, WM Balch, AK Adams, YH Li, FT Mackenzie (1999) Biologically mediated dissolution of calcium carbonate above the chemical lysocline? Deep Sea Research 46:1653-1669. 118. Karl DM (1999) A sea of change: biogeochemical variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Ecosystems 2(3):181-214. 119. Lee KE & Slowey NC (1999) Cool surface waters of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean during the last glacial. Nature 397(6719):512-514. 120. Monger BC, Landry MR, & Brown SL (1999) Feeding selection of heterotrophic marine nanoflagellates based on the surface hydrophobicity of their picoplankton prey. Limnology and Oceanography 44(8):1917-1927. 121. Partensky F, Hess WR, & Vaulot D (1999) Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryot of global significance. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63(1):106-127. 122. Scharek R, Latasa M, Karl DM, & Bidigare RR (1999) Temporal variation in diatom abundance and downward flux in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre. Deep-Sea Res. I 46:1051-1075. 123. Scharek R, Tupas LT, & Karl DM (1999) Diatom fluxes to the deep sea in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre at Station ALOHA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 182:55-67. 124. Venrick EL (1999) Phytoplankton species structure in the central North Pacific, 1973-1996: variability and persistence. Journal of Plankton Research 21(6):1029-1042. 125. Villareal TS, et al. (1999) Upward transport of oceanic nitrate by migrating diatom mats. Nature 397:423-425. 126. Abell J, Emerson S, & Renaud P (2000) Distribution of TOP. TON, and TOC in the North Pacific subtropical gyre: implications for nutrient supply in the surface ocean and remineralization in the upper termocline. J. Mar. Res. 58:203-222. 127. Benitez-Nelson CR (2000) The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in marine systems. Earth-Science Reviews 51:109-135. 128. Björkman K, Thomson-Bulldis AL, & Karl DM (2000) Phosphorus dynamics in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 22:185-198. 129. Esaias WE, Iverson RL, & Turpie K (2000) Ocean province classification using ocean colour data: observing biological signatures of variations in physical dynamics. Global Change Biology 6(1):39-55. 130. Holmes ME, Sansone FJ, Rust TM, & Popp BN (2000) Methane production, consumption, and air-sea exchange in the open ocean: An evaluation based on carbon isotopic ratios. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14(1):1-10. 131. Iverson RL, Esaias WE, & Turpie K (2000) Ocean annual phytoplankton carbon and new production, and annual export production estimated with empirical equations and CZCS data. Global Change Biology 6(1):57-72. 132. Karl DM (2000) A new source of "new" nitrogen in the sea. Trends in Microbiology 8(7):301. 133. Karl DM (2000) Phosphorus, the staff of life. Nature 406:31-32. 134. Laws EA, Falkowski PG, Smith WO, Ducklow H, & McCarthy JJ (2000) Temperature effects on export production in the open ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14(4):1231-1246. 135. Letelier RM, et al. (2000) Role of late winter mesoscale events in the biogeochemical variability of the upper water column of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 105(C12):28723- 28739. 136. Li YH, Karl DM, Winn CD, Mackenzie FT, & Gans K (2000) Remineralization ratios in the subtropical North Pacific gyre. Aquatic Geochemistry 6(1):65-86. 137. Lueker TJ, Dickson AG, & Keeling CD (2000) Ocean pCO2 calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and equations for K-1 and K-2: validation based on laboratory measurements of CO2 in gas and seawater at equilibrium. Marine Chemistry 70(1-3):105-119. 138. Mahadevan A & Archer D (2000) Modeling the impact of fronts and mesoscale circulation on the nutrient supply and biogeochemistry of the upper ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 105(C1):1209-1225. 139. Michaels AF, D. M. Karl, A. H. Knap (2000) Temporal studies of biogeochemical dynamics in oligotrophic oceans. The changing ocean carbon cycle, ed Hanson RB, H.W. Ducklow and J.G. Field (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). 140. Ostrom NE, M.E. Russ, B. Popp, T.M. Rust, D.M. Karl (2000) Mechanisms of nitrous oxide production in the subtropical North Pacific based on determinations of the isotopic abundances of nitrous oxide and di-oxygen Chemosphere - Global Change Science 2:281-290. 141. Penno S, Campbell L, & Hess WR (2000) Presence of phycoerythrin in two strains of Prochlorococcus (Cyanobacteria) isolated from the subtropical north Pacific Ocean. Journal of Phycology 36(4):723-729. 142. Polito PS, Sato OT, & Liu WT (2000) Characterization and validation of the heat storage variability from TOPEX/Poseidon at four oceanographic sites. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 105(C7):16911-16921. 143. Rahn T & Wahlen M (2000) A reassessment of the global isotopic budget of atmospheric nitrous oxide. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14(2):537-543. 144. Sanders R, Jickells, T.D. (2000) Total organic nutrients in Drake Passage. Deep-Sea Research I 47:997–1014. 145. Sato OT, Polito PS, & Liu WT (2000) Importance of salinity measurements in the heat storage estimation from TOPEX/POSEIDON. Geophysical Research Letters 27(4):549-551. 146. Suga T, Kato A, & Hanawa K (2000) North Pacific Tropical Water: its climatology and temporal changes associated with the climate regime shift in the 1970s. Progress in Oceanography 47(2-4):223-256. 147. Worcester PF, Dushaw, B.D., and the ATOC Group (2000) A comparison of acoustic thermometry, satellite altimetry, and other observations of ocean temperature in the North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Ocean Remote Sensing Conference Vol. I, ed E. Desa SCS, T. Pankajakshan, P.M. Muraleedharan, E. Desa, L.V. Gangadhara Rao (PORSEC 2000 Secretariat, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa). 148. Wu J, Sunda W, Boyle EA, & Karl DM (2000) Phosphate depletion in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Science 289:759-762. 149. Al-Mutairi HaMRL (2001) Active export of carbon and nitrogen at Station ALOHA by diel migrant zooplankton. Deep-Sea Research II 48:2083-2104. 150. Allen AE, et al. (2001) Diversity and detection of nitrate assimilation genes in marine bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67(11):5343-5348. 151. Beja O, Spudich EN, Spudich JL, Leclerc M, & DeLong EF (2001) Proteorhodopsin phototrophy in the ocean. Nature 411(6839):786-789. 152. Benitez-Nelson C, Buessler KO, Karl DM, & Andrews J (2001) A time series study of particulate matter transport in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre based on 234 Th:238U disequilibrium. Deep-Sea Res. I 48:2595-2611. 153. Benitez-Nelson CR, et al. (2001) Testing a new small-volume technique for determining Th-234 in seawater. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 248(3):795-799. 154. Björkman KM & Karl DM (2001) A novel method for the measurement of dissolved adenosine and guanosine triphosphate in aquatic habitats: applications to marine microbial ecology. J. Microb. Meth. 47(2):159-167. 155. Brown CJ, J.D. Lambshead, C.R Smith, L.E Hawkins, R. Farley (2001) Phytodetritus and the abundance and biomass of abyssal nematodes in the central, equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research I 48:555-565. 156. Calbet A, Landry MR, & Nunnery S (2001) Bacteria-flagellate interactions in the microbial food web of the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 23(3):283-292. 157. Capone DG (2001) Marine nitrogen fixation: what's the fuss? Current Opinions in Microbiology. 4:341-348. 158. Cavender-Bares KK, Karl DM, & Chisholm SW (2001) Nutrient gradients in the western North Atlantic Ocean: Relationship to microbial community structure, and comparison to patterns in the Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. I 48:2373-2395. 159. Donachie SP, J.R Christian, D. M. Karl (2001) Nutrient regulation of bacterial production and ectoenzyme activities in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II 48:1719–1732. 160. Emerson S, Mecking S, & Abell J (2001) The biological pump in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean: Nutrient sources, Redfield ratios, and recent changes. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15(3):535-554. 161. Fasham MJR, et al. 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