Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina
Giménez, Analía L.; Giannini, Norberto P.; Schiaffini, Mauro I.; Martin, Gabriel M. NEW RECORDS OF THE RARE Histiotus magellanicus (CHIROPTERA, VESPERTILIONIDAE) AND OTHER BATS FROM CENTRAL PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 19, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2012, pp. 213-224 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina
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NEW RECORDS OF THE RARE Histiotus magellanicus (CHIROPTERA, VESPERTILIONIDAE) AND OTHER BATS FROM CENTRAL PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA
Analía L. Giménez1, Norberto P. Giannini2, Mauro I. Schiaffini1, and Gabriel M. Martin1
1 Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad (LIEB), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Sarmiento 849, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argen- tina [Correspondence:
ABSTRACT: Histiotus magellanicus (Philippi, 1866) is a poorly known Patagonian bat. Here we report on nine newly captured specimens and one unpublished locality from museum specimen that significantly improve our knowledge of this species’ distribution, by incorpo- rating two Argentine provinces and reducing the distributional gap between northern and southern historical records. The new records confirm H. magellanicus as a Subantarctic Forests endemic. In addition, we report new specimens and localities from four poorly known Patagonian bats for Chubut province: Histiotus macrotus, Myotis chiloensis, Lasiurus varius (Vespertilionidae) and Tadarida brasiliensis (Molossidae).
RESUMEN: Nuevos registros del raro Histiotus magellanicus (Chiroptera, Vesperti- lionidae) y otros murciélagos de Patagonia Central, Argentina. Histiotus magellanicus (Philippi, 1866) es un murciélago patagónico muy pobremente conocido. Aquí reportamos nueve especímenes recientemente capturados y un espécimen de colección cuya localidad no había sido reportada hasta el momento. Las localidades aportadas mejoran considerable- mente nuestro conocimiento de su distribución, incorporando a ella dos nuevas provincias argentinas y reduciendo considerablemente el vacío de datos entre los registros históricos del norte y sur de Patagonia. Los nuevos registros confirman a H. magellanicus como especie endémica de la ecorregión del Bosque Subantártico. Adicionalmente reportamos especímenes y localidades nuevos para la provincia de Chubut representando cuatro es- pecies patagónicas pobremente conocidas: Histiotus macrotus, Myotis chiloensis, Lasiurus varius (Vespertilionidae) y Tadarida brasiliensis (Molossidae).
Key words. Central Patagonia. Distribution. Molossidae. Vespertilionidae.
Palabras clave. Distribución. Molossidae. Patagonia Central. Vespertilionidae.
INTRODUCTION in the Chaco, Paranaean and Yungas ecoregions (Barquez et al., 1999). By contrast, Patagonia The Argentine bat fauna is currently repre- (sensu lato) represents one of the regions with sented by four families (Noctilionidae, Phyl- lowest bat diversity, due primarily to severe lostomidae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae), climatic conditions such as extreme annual 27 genera and 61 species (Barquez and Díaz, rainfall (in some areas less of 200 mm), tem- 2009). The greatest species richness is found perature regimes (towards southwest absolute
Recibido 8 junio 2012. Aceptado 31 agosto 2012. Editor asociado: UFJ Pardiñas 214 Mastozoología Neotropical, 19(2):213-224, Mendoza, 2012 AL Giménez et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar minimum temperatures are lower than -20 ºC) This shows that H. magellanicus has not been and strong winds (wind speed varies between recorded in Argentina over the last 14 years 15 and 22 km h-1 in the center-west part of in the literature. This paucity in captures had the region; Paruelo et al., 1998). Nonetheless, the consequence of specimens of this species Patagonia is interesting as a region for the study being very scarce in mammal collections, of bats given the particular eco-physiological but this might be due to lack of studies in adaptations of the species (Pearson and Pear- the region, misidentified specimens, or both. son, 1989; Pearson, 1995); in this sense, low Some authors have placed H. magellanicus rates of metabolism in insectivorous bats in synonymy with H. montanus (Koopman, lead to long life spans and short reproductive 1993) or as subspecies of the latter (Osgood, seasons; and bats from temperate zones either 1943; Cabrera, 1958; Handley and Gardner, migrate or enter seasonal torpor to evade the 2008). However, we follow Barquez et al. shortage of food during the winter (McNab, (1993, 1999) who recognized this taxon as a 1982). Likewise, Patagonia is very interesting full species based on morphological charac- due to the occurrence of endemic species (see ters and an almost allopatric distribution with Barquez, 2006). only a narrow contact zone in NW Patagonia. One such species, the southern big-eared Histiotus montanus is known from at least 15 brown bat Histiotus magellanicus (Philippi, localities in Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut and 1866), is very poorly known. Its type locality Santa Cruz provinces (Daciuk, 1977; Fornes is located in the Magellan Strait of southern and Massoia, 1967; Barquez and Zoratti, 1998; Chile (Philippi, 1866; Barquez et al., 1993, Barquez et al., 1999; Barquez, 2006; Giménez, 1999; Barquez, 2006) and the species epithet 2010) of which only three in Valdivian Temper- refers to it (Braun and Mares, 1995). Actu- ate Forests, and remainder are in Patagonian ally, the species occurs only in southern Chile Steppe. H. magellanicus is considered exclu- and Argentina (Cabrera, 1958; Mares et al., sive of Valdivian Temperate Forests (Barquez 1995; Barquez et al., 1999; Simmons, 2005). et al., 1999). H. magellanicus (Fig. 1A) dif- In Chile, the distribution of H. magellanicus fers from its congeners H. macrotus and H. extends from the Magellan Strait northward montanus (Fig. 1B) by its darker hair, wing to the province of Valdivia, including Chi- membranes, and ear coloration, and shorter loé Island (Cabrera, 1958). Peña and Barria ears (Barquez et al., 1993). Both coloration and (1972) extended the known distribution south ear length can be considered highly variable, of Magellan Strait by reporting a new locality environmentally related, and thus questionable in Puerto Toro. taxonomic characters. The darker coloration In all, just eight localities have been recorded of H. magellanicus can be related with the for the species to date. In Argentina, distribu- humid environments to which it is restricted tional records are particularly scarce and the (Valdivian Temperate Forests and Magellanic species is only known from three localities Subpolar Forests, sensu Olson et al., 2001). in the provinces of Neuquén, Santa Cruz and Likewise, ear length is very important because Tierra del Fuego (Mares et al., 1995; Barquez it’s shape and size are closely related with the and Zorati, 1998; Barquez et al., 1999; Barquez frequency ranges of ecolocation in each species and Díaz, 2009). On the basis of these records, (e.g., lager pinna, lower frecuencies) (Obrist H. magellanicus inhabits the Sub-Antartic et al., 1993; Gannon et al., 2001; Siemers and phytogeographic province (see Barquez et al., Swift, 2006). The ears of H. magellanicus are 1999) and the Valdivian Temperate Forests and on average shorter than those of H. montanus; Magellanic Subpolar Forests ecoregions (sensu in H. magellanicus the ears are proportionally Olson et al., 2001). The oldest records date longer than broad, the tragus is broad at its from the first half of the 20th century, and the base and very narrow at the tip and is shorter most recent published specimen was captured than in H. montanus; on the contrary in the in 1998 in Los Glaciares National Park (Santa latter the ears are as long as broad, and the Cruz Province, Barquez and Zoratti, 1998). tragus is proportionally broader at the tip. These NEW RECORDS OF PATAGONIAN BATS 215
2009) and only a few studies have referred specifically to bats (Baud, 1979; Pearson and Pearson, 1989; Pearson, 1995; Giménez, 2010). In Central Patagonia (i.e., Río Negro and Chubut provinces, Argentina) nine bat species have been recorded: H. macrotus (see Gimé- nez, 2010), H. montanus, Myotis aelleni, M. chiloensis, Lasiurus varius, L. cinereus (only recorded in Río Negro Province) (Vespertilioni- dae), Eumops patagonicus (only recorded in Chubut province), Molossops temminckii (only recorded in Chubut province) and Tadarida brasiliensis (Molossidae; Barquez et al., 1993; Barquez et al., 1999; Barquez, 2006). Here we present the first records of H. magellanicus for Chubut and Río Negro provinces (Argentina), adding four new localities to the distribution of this rare species, and report new localities for another four Patagonian bats for Chubut province: H. macrotus, M. chiloensis, L. varius and T. brasiliensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were collected in NW Chubut Province, Fig. 1. Specimens of Histiotus montanus (A; LIEB-M-744) Argentina (Fig. 2). This area comprises two dif- and H. magellanicus (B; LIEB-M-854). Scale = 10 mm. ferent ecoregions, the Valdivian Temperate Forests (Olson et al., 2001) also known as Patagonian Forests (Burkart et al., 1999), and the Patagonian differences suggest that sensory ecology plays Steppe (Burkart et al., 1999; Olson et al., 2001). a key role in within-guild niche differentiation The Patagonian Forests is characterized by a humid between closely related bat species (Siemers and temperate climate, with vegetation dominated and Swift, 2006). Therefore, we believe that by trees such as Nothofagus (southern beeches in the Nothofagaceae, formerly in Fagaceae), Aus- differences in coloration, length and ear shape trocedrus chilensis (Cupressaceae), Embothrium merit consideration in treating H. magellanicus coccineum, Lomatia hirsuta (Proteaceae), and an as a full species, different from H. montanus understory dominated by a shade-tolerant bamboo (see Fig. 1). Chusquea culeou (Poaceae, Bambusoideae; Burkart Histiotus magellanicus has been classified in et al., 1999). The Patagonian Steppe is characterized the Data Deficient category of the Red Book of by a temperate cold and dry weather, with shrubs Argentine Mammals (Díaz and Ojeda, 2000). of Berberis spp. (Berberidaceae) and Schinus spp. The lack of knowledge is not limited to H. (Anacardiaceae), Adesmia spp. (Fabaceae) and a va- magellanicus but encompasses the majority of riety of grasses in the genera Festuca, Poa (Poaceae, Patagonian bats, and this applies even to basic Pooidea) and Stipa (Poaceae, Stipoideae; Aguiar y taxonomy and distribution. Studies of Patago- Sala, 1998). The contact between these ecoregions forms an ecotone of varied extension, from a few nian mammals have focused predominantly on (<5) to several (>15) kilometers (Schlichter and non-volant small mammals (e.g., Pearson and Laclau, 1998). A steep environmental gradient Pearson, 1982; Pardiñas et al., 2003; Pardiñas develops along the ecotone, mostly due to a sharp et al., 2009), carnivore ecology (e.g., Donadio decrease in precipitation from ca. 2000 mm to less et al., 2001; Zapata et al., 2008; Fasola et than 350 in a W-E distance of just 50 km. The al., 2009) and ungulate ecology (e.g., Montes ecotone is characterized by seasonal rainfall and the et al., 2000; Baldi et al., 2004; Vila et al., presence of Austrocedrus chilensis, Maytenus boaria 216 Mastozoología Neotropical, 19(2):213-224, Mendoza, 2012 AL Giménez et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar
Fig. 2. Locality records for Central Pata- gonia bats: 1. Nahuel Huapi National Park, Río Negro Province; 2. Establecimiento Sr. Paladino; 3. Establecimiento La Sequoia; 4. Reserva El Coihue; 5. Lago Rivadavia; 6. Arroyo La Camioneta, Cerro La Torta; 7. Cascada Irigoyen, Los Alerces National Park; 8. Villa Futalaufquen, Los Alerces National Park; 9. Esquel; 10. Arroyo Esquel, at ca. 10 km from Esquel; 11. Capilla, in Trevelin; 12. Escuela Provincial Nº 740 in Aldea Escolar; 13. Estancia Las Vacas Pampas.
weight is reported in grams and all other external measurements in mm. Cranio- dental measurements (in mm) were taken with a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm; these include: condylobasal length (CBL), zygomatic breadth (ZW), height of braincase (HB), cranial width (CW), palate width between lingual edge of upper third molars (MW), upper and lower toothrow length (from the anterior margin of the canine to the posterior 3 margin of the last molar; CM and CM3, (Celastraceae) and Schinus patagonicus, and several respectively), postorbital constriction (PC), rostrum shrubs and grasses such as Festuca pallescens and length (RL), palatal length (PL), upper and lower 1 Stipa spp. (Schlichter and Laclau, 1998). canine length (C L and C1L, respectively), width Several bat surveys were carried out during the between upper canines (C1W), third upper premolar Austral spring and summer of 2008-2009, 2010 length (P3L), mandible length and height (ML and and 2011. Bats were captured using five mist nets MH, respectively), and coronoid height (CH). All (6 m long, 2 m high, 38.1 mm inches mesh) that specimens were deposited in the Mammal Col- were opened at late afternoon for a period of ca. lection of the Laboratorio de Investigaciones en five hours, depending on bat activity. Mist nets Evolución y Biodiversidad (LIEB), Facultad de were located across water courses and forest trails Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la and in open areas with low vegetation cover. All Patagonia San Juan Bosco sede Esquel (Chubut, mist-netting localities were georeferenced with a Argentina). Global Positioning System (GPS) device (Garmin® E-Trex Legend H). RESULTS Bats captured were identified following Barquez et al. (1993, 1999) and Barquez and Díaz (2009). Nine individuals of H. magellanicus were Due to the paucity of information on Patagonian captured at three localities of Chubut province, bats we also present external and craniodental and we report on one additional specimen measurements summarizing data from all captured examined in the mammal collection of Museo specimens (Table 1). External measurements followed La Plata (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) Barquez et al. (1999), Norberg and Rayner (1987) from Río Negro province (Fig. 3), whose and include: body weight (W), total length (TTL), locality has not been published. In total, we head-body length (HBL), tail length (TL), ear length (EL), tragus length from medial notch to tip (TrL), captured 20 bats from four different species and forearm length (FL), hind foot length with (HLn) and two families (Vespertilionidae and Molossidae) without nail (HL), ulna length (UL), thumb length in 12 new localities at NW Chubut province (ThL), fifth finger length (c), wingspan (b), extended (Figs. 2, 3). Overall we report new localities for wing length (a), and third finger length (m). Body H. magellanicus, H. macrotus, M. chiloensis, NEW RECORDS OF PATAGONIAN BATS 217 3-4 6.8-8 6-7.5 56-65 35-42 12-16 12-14 41-64 75-82 Range 91-110 7.7-9.5 11-13.5 42-44.9 298-308 132-138 (n=7) T. brasiliensis T. X±SD 14±1.7 3.7±0.5 8.5±0.7 7.4±0.5 6.7±0.5 12.2±1.2 60.8±3.1 38.5±2.6 43.7±1.3 13.1±0.8 78.2±3.2 100.5±6.7 49.8±10.4 303.4±4.1 134.4±2.5 6-7 6.4-7 53-65 51-56 13-14 55-57 82-89 Range 6.8-7.3 5.9-5.9 19.5-20 104-121 296-305 129-138 10.1-12.4 40.3-41.6 (n=2) L. varius X 59 56 6.5 7.1 5.9 6.7 11.3 53.5 13.5 40.7 19.7 85.5 112.5 300.5 133.5 37-45 46-55 56-65 6.5-10 Range 6.4-8.6 6.6-9.2 5.5-7.3 5.3-6.8 39.5-54 76.5-91 102-119 228-352 11.5-15.5 37.1-40.2 14.9-17.2 (n=18) M. chiloensis Table 1 Table X±SD 7.6±0.8 7.7±0.8 7.7±0.6 6.4±0.5 6.1±0.4 46.7±3.2 86.3±4.0 39.6±2.5 13.6±1.2 38.7±0.9 16.3±0.7 49.7±2.6 61.3±2.9 112.5±4.3 254.5±25.5 6-8 11-12 59-69 43-57 23-26 59-64 62-83 7.3-10 Range 5.4-8.9 18.7-22 103-119 298-320 125-146 10.3-17.6 44.6-48.7 (n=8) H. magellanicus X±SD 47±1.4 8.9±0.9 7.8±1.1 7.0±0.7 135±6.3 11.8±0.4 12.1±2.8 64.6±3.3 48.9±4.9 24.5±0.9 20.6±1.1 61.9±1.6 76.1±6.6 113.5±5.6 307.4±8.6 47-65 56-61 33-35 59-71 79-85 Range 8.5-9.2 5.5-7.5 6.4-7.4 15-15.5 48.4-49 20.9-22 8.6-10.4 108-121 306-321 142-145 (n=3) H. macrotus X±SD 34±1.4 65±8.5 82±4.2 9.5±1.3 8.8±0.5 6.5±1.4 6.9±0.7 56±12.7 144±2.1 58.5±3.5 15.3±0.4 48.7±0.5 21.5±0.9 314±10.6 114.5±9.2 c a b m W FL TL EL HL UL TrL ThL TLL HLn HBL Summary of external measurements of bat species captured during this study. Abbreviations: n sample size, X mean, SD standard deviation. Abbreviations for Abbreviations: n sample size, X mean, SD standard deviation. of bat species captured during this study. measurements Summary of external in the text. measurements 218 Mastozoología Neotropical, 19(2):213-224, Mendoza, 2012 AL Giménez et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar
L. varius and T. brasiliensis (see below). We Histiotus macrotus (Poeppig, 1835) include external (Table 1) and craniodental Two females and one male of the greater leaf- (Table 2) measurements of the examined eared bat were captured at two localities (Fig. 2): specimens. Reserva El Coihue (LIEB-M 853 female) and Esquel 42º54’49”S 71º18’39”W (LIEB-M 846 male and LIEB-M 845 female). In Reserva El Coihue we Order Chiroptera captured one individual over a trail in a mixed for- Family Vespertilionidae est of native and exotic trees. The other individuals Histiotus magellanicus (Philippi, 1866) were caught in a small urban area (Esquel town, ca. Nine females were captured from three new 750 ha), surrounded by natural open and forested localities (Fig. 3): Reserva El Coihue, 42º 09’44.4”S habitats and pine-tree plantations. 71º18’35.4”W (LIEB-M 857, LIEB-M 858, LIEB-M Myotis chiloensis (Waterhouse, 1840) 859, LIEB-M 860, LIEB-M 861), 2 km N from El Hoyo, 42º02’54.8”S 71º31’02.7”W (LIEB-M Ten females and five males of the Chilean Myotis 864), and Arroyo La Camioneta, Cerro La Torta, were captured from four new localities (Fig. 2): 42º50’26.3”S 71º27’15”W (LIEB-M 854, LIEB-M Cascada Irigoyen, Los Alerces National Park, 855, LIEB-M 856). Reserva El Coihue is located 42º51’38.5’’S 71º36’05.8’’W (LIEB-M 812 male, East of Provincial Road 70 between Epuyén and LIEB-M 815 male, LIEB-M 0813 female, LIEB-M El Maitén. The bats were caught in a mixed forest 814 female); Estancia Las Vacas Pampas on Provin- of native (Austrocedrus chilensis) and exotic trees cial Road 17 at ca. 15 km from Trevelin, 43º11’47”S (Pinus spp.); three individuals were captured in mist 71º25’27”W (LIEB-M 816 male, LIEB-M 818 male, nets together with H. macrotus. The locality 2 km N LIEB-M 819 male, LIEB-M 830 female, LIEB-M from El Hoyo is a cattle ranch surrounded by native 832 female, LIEB-M 836 female, LIEB-M 822 male, forest and some exotic species such as fruit and LIEB-M 825 male, LIEB-M 831 male); Arroyo La walnut trees where we found one dead specimen (not Camioneta, Cerro La Torta (LIEB-M 840 female); included in Table 1). Arroyo La Camioneta, Cerro and Lago Rivadavia, 42º32’54’’S 71º38’26.5’’W La Torta is a moderately disturbed Nothofagus forest (LIEB-M 841 female). Lago Rivadavia and Cas- with a shrubby understory; the bats were captured while flying over a stream. All localities are below 1010 m.a.s.l. In addition, we detected one specimen deposited in the Mammal Collection of Museo La Plata (MLP 10.IX.35.8), collected in 1922 by Albert Merkle in Nahuel Huapi, Río Negro (Fig. 1). This specimen was correctly identified and labeled although its locality was not reported previously.
Fig. 3. Localities records for H. magellanicus. Previously known localities: 1. Mafil, Valdivia; 2. Villa La Angostura, 19 km along Hwy; 3. Quellon, Isla de Chiloe; 4. Río Inio, Isla de Chiloé; 5. Puerto Pratt, Last Hope Inlet, Patagonia; 6. Los Glaciares National Park; 7. Estancia Viamonte; 8. Puerto Toro, Isla Nava- rino. New localities: 9. Nahuel Huapi National Park; 10. Reserva El Coihue; 11. 2 km N El Hoyo; 12. Arroyo La Camioneta, Cerro La Torta. NEW RECORDS OF PATAGONIAN BATS 219 Range 6.11-6.27 5.53-5.86 9.23-9.52 6.92-7.41 4.12-4.23 4.63-4.76 6.92-7.19 2.16-2.16 3.89-4.71 1.43-1.53 1.52-1.78 2.06-2.23 6.56-7.27 3.24-3.37 9.88-10.21 11.28-11.91 15.75-16.31 (n=3) T. brasiliensis T. X±SD 5.74±0.18 9.42±0.16 7.14±0.25 6.21±0.09 4.17±0.06 4.69±0.07 7.01±0.16 2.16±0.00 4.24±0.42 1.47±0.05 1.66±0.13 2.15±0.09 6.94±0.36 3.32±0.07 11.57±0.32 15.97±0.30 10.07±0.17 9.77 5.74 8.14 6.65 4.73 4.76 3.18 5.69 2.29 5.36 1.52 9.91 1.45 2.08 5.43 3.17 13.32 (n=1) L. varius Range 8.7-9.60 5.1-5.50 7.5-8.00 4.0-6.30 5.3-5.80 3.8-4.10 4.6-5.10 7.0-7.80 3.6-4.00 1.3-1.80 0.5-1.50 1.0-1.60 0.8-1.40 5.3-6.30 2.8-3.20 10.1-11.10 13.5-14.40 (n=14) M. chiloensis X±SD 9.1±0.30 5.3±0.10 7.7±0.20 5.7±0.50 5.6±0.10 4.0±0.10 4.8±0.20 7.4±0.20 3.8±0.10 1.5±0.10 1.0±0.30 1.3±0.10 1.1±0.20 6.0±0.20 2.9±0.10 13.9±0.30 10.7±0.30 Table 2 Table Range 3.83-4.11 6.04-6.12 9.13-9.57 7.24-7.68 6.66-6.95 4.51-4.73 4.83-4.98 7.87-8.91 2.33-2.75 4.82-5.35 1.38-1.71 1.45-1.85 1.94-2.33 6.99-7.57 11.37-11.79 17.01-17.84 12.44-12.99 (n=5) H. magellanicus X±SD 4±0.14 6.1±0.04 5.11±0.26 9.39±0.19 7.39±0.21 6.79±0.13 4.59±0.10 4.89±0.07 8.41±0.43 2.51±0.20 1.57±0.14 1.57±0.19 2.17±0.17 7.25±0.25 11.53±0.18 17.38±0.36 12.71±0.23 Range 4.624.81 6.03-6.09 9.57-9.75 6.86-7.22 6.15-6.63 4.81-4.91 8.09-8.37 2.44-2.59 4.91-5.08 1.33-1.64 1.49-1.54 2.15-2.41 6.82-7.36 3.75-3.98 10.76-11.42 17.09-17.79 12.21-12.77 (n=2) H. macrotus X 6.06 9.66 7.04 6.39 4.72 4.86 8.23 2.52 5.00 1.49 1.52 2.28 7.09 3.87 11.09 17.44 12.49 3 3 L L L W 1 1 3 1 PL PC RL HB CH P ML C C ZW CW MH MW CM CM C CBL Summary of craniodental measurements of bats captured during this study. Abbreviations: n sample size. X mean. SD standard deviation. Abbreviations for Abbreviations deviation. SD standard X mean. size. sample n Abbreviations: study. this during captured bats of measurements craniodental of Summary in the text. measurements 220 Mastozoología Neotropical, 19(2):213-224, Mendoza, 2012 AL Giménez et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar cada Irigoyen are located within temperate-forest DISCUSSION habitats with mixed stands of Nothofagus spp. and Austrocedrus chilensis near water courses, with low In this study we report new records of H. human impact. Estancia Las Vacas Pampas is an magellanicus for Chubut and Río Negro open field disturbed by cattle, with some patches of provinces (Argentina), increasing the number of native vegetation including Nothofagus antarctica, surrounded by native forest of Nothofagus spp. All known bat species to eight for both provinces. of the bats captured at this site were roosting in an As previously mentioned, in Argentina H. abandoned house. magellanicus has been only found in the Likewise two males and one female were captured provinces of Neuquén, Santa Cruz and Tierra from the exact type locality of Myotis aelleni (Fig. del Fuego (Barquez, 2006). Cabrera (1958) 2): Establecimiento La Sequoia, on National Road reported this species for southern Santa 40 near El Hoyo, 42º04’59.7”S 71º29’22.2”W Cruz province, but Barquez et al. (1999) (LIEB-M 842 male, LIEB-M 843 male, LIEB-M examined the corresponding specimens and 844 female). As these specimens did not exhibit concluded that they represented H. montanus. the diagnostic characters of M. aelleni, they were Nevertheless Barquez and Zoratti (1998) originally assigned to M. chiloensis. However, a recorded this species for Santa Cruz province. genetic test awaits to confirm or reject distinctiveness between these species designations. It is important Only three specific localities of this species to emphasize that we netted at the exact locality have been reported for Argentina: estancia from where the type specimen and series of M. Viamonte in Tierra del Fuego province (see aelleni were collected by M. A. Kovacs between Barquez et al., 1999), 19 km N of Villa La 1969 and 1977 (Baud, 1979). The building where Angostura in Neuquén province (Mares et specimens were collected is conserved to date. The al., 1995) and Los Glaciares National Park habitat is temperate forest with some exotic trees, (Seccional Río Mitre) in Santa Cruz province such as fruit trees and Pinus spp. (Barquez and Zoratti, 1998). So this bat Lasiurus varius (Poeppig, 1835) appears as one of the least known species of Argentina regarding geographical distribution. Two females of the Chilean red bat were captured Localities we report herein are important in from two localities (Fig. 2): Reserva El Coihue (LIEB-M 862) and Arroyo Esquel, at ca. 10 km reducing a gap of ca. 1000 km in the known from Esquel, 42º58.8’27”S 71º23.7’60”W (LIEB-M distribution of H. magellanicus in Argentina 863). The latter record is from an ecotone habitat (between Neuquén and Santa Cruz), with on National Road 259, at the edge of the Esquel the first valid records of H. magellanicus for stream. This record is 100 km south from the Chubut and Río Negro provinces. A previous nearest and recently reported locality for Chubut record of this species from Chubut is provided Province at Lago Puelo National Park (Vidoz and on the website of the “Argentine Biodiversity González, 1994). Information System” for Lago Puelo National Family Molossidae Park (Chubut province). However, no voucher Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geoffroy, 1824) or measurements were taken to distinguish it from the congeneric H. macrotus and H. Seven males of the Brazilian free-tailed bat were captured from four new localities (Fig. 2): Estan- montanus, both with records for western cia Las Vacas Pampas (LIEB-M 865). Capilla, in Chubut province. Although this species is likely Trevelin 43º05.4’56”S 71º28’26”W (LIEB-M 0753, to occur in Lago Puelo National Park, we LIEB-M 758, LIEB-M 759). Villa Futalaufquen, Los recommend this specific record be dismissed Alerces National Park 42º53’42.6’’S 71º36’56.4’’W until a voucher is collected. (LIEB-M 866). Escuela Provincial Nº 740 in Aldea The new records presented here for H. Escolar 43º08’03’’S 71º33’39’’W (LIEB-M 0881). magellanicus were located only in Valdivian The localities reported herein represent four new Temperate Forests, which are coincident records for Valdivian Temperate Forests (sensu with previous accounts for both Argentina Olson et al., 2001) and the ecotone between this and the Patagonian Steppe. and Chile. However the species has been recorded also in the Magellanic Subpolar NEW RECORDS OF PATAGONIAN BATS 221
Forests ecoregion (sensu Olson et al., 2001) with H. magellanicus, which is very similar for both Chile and Argentina. Barquez (2006) in both craniodental and wing morphology, includes Patagonian Steppe in the probable and if this resemblance is assumed to reflect distribution of H. magellanicus in Argentina, niche similarity, detailed ecological or trophic although no specimen has been recorded in this studies are needed to identify the underlying environment. The available evidence suggests mechanism that allows their coexistence in that this bat is an endemic of the Subantarctic Subantartic forests (see Arlettaz, 1999). forest restricted to Valdivian Temperate and Another species endemic of Patagonian Magellanic Subpolar Forests districts. It is ecoregions is M. chiloensis and here we report also important to emphasize that many records four new localities. Although this species has date from the beginnings of the 20th century the highest number of records in Patagonia (15, and should be corroborated with new captures. including Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut and Regarding altitude, none of the records were Tierra del Fuego provinces; Barquez, 2006) above 1010 m.a.s.l., which agrees with the only three were know for Chubut province (El suggestion that H. magellanicus occurs below Hoyo de Epuyén, lago Futalaufquen and 3 km 1200 m.a.s.l. (Handley and Gardner, 2008). N of Tecka; Barquez et al., 1999). Therefore, By comparison, the distribution of H. we doubled the known records in this prov- magellanicus in Argentina is much more ince. M. chiloensis is one of the southernmost restricted than that of its congener H. montanus, occurring bat species and the southernmost which is widely distributed in the region with occurring Myotis (Koopman, 1967). We only 15 known localities, of which only 3 are in captured M. chiloensis in Valdivian Temperate Valdivian Temperate Forests (Isla Victoria, Forests; however it has also been recorded in Neuquén; E Cóndor Lago Perito Moreno, the Patagonian Steppe (see Pearson and Pear- and El Bolsón, Río Negro), 10 are located son, 1989; Barquez et al., 1999). We report in the Patagonian Steppe, one in ecotone here specimens from the exact type locality of between these two environments, and one in M. aelleni. It is noteworthy that the taxonomic Low Monte (sensu Olson et al., 2001) (see status of M. aelleni is still unclear, and that the Barquez et al., 1999; Giménez, 2010). From form has only been recorded from two close these records, we can assume that H. montanus (ca. 15 km) localities. Pearson and Pearson inhabits primarily the Patagonian Steppe and (1989) also captured specimens from the type similarly open environments northward) while locality and identified them as M. chiloensis, H. magellanicus is restricted to the Valdivian in contrast with the statement by Baud (1979). Temperate Forests. A detailed study on the identity of this species Despite H. macrotus being widespread in is sorely needed. western Argentina (Barquez et al., 1999), only Lasiurus varius has been recorded from two five records were known from Patagonia from new localities, approximately 100 km south of three provinces: two in Río Negro (estancia El the nearest locality for Chubut province (Vidoz Cóndor; Pearson and Pearson, 1989; and Bari- and González, 1994). Dabbene (1902) recorded loche 20 km E; Pearson, 1995); one in Neuquén this species from Tierra del Fuego, which (Villa La Angostura 19 km N; Barquez et al., was mapped by Gardner and Handley (2008) 1999); and two in Chubut (estancia El Prin- as the southernmost record for the species. cipio and Escuela de Idioma Gales, Trevelin; However, Barquez et al. (1999) and Barquez Giménez, 2010). Here we present two new and Díaz (2009) excluded this record from localities for Chubut Province, one in Valdiv- their reviews because no voucher specimen ian Temperate Forests and another in Ecotono could be located. In Argentina, previous records habitat. H. macrotus seems able to inhabit both indicate that the species extends throughout forested and steppe habitats, and can also be Patagonian provinces, with 11 localities, most found in suburban areas in the region (Gi- of them from Neuquén (Barquez, 2006). The ménez, 2010). Histiotus macrotus is syntopic species inhabits environments of the Valdiv- 222 Mastozoología Neotropical, 19(2):213-224, Mendoza, 2012 AL Giménez et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar ian Temperate Forests, Patagonian Steppe and and Gardner, 2008), the distributional data Low Monte ecoregions (sensu Olson et al., reported here are still important in shaping the 2001; see Barquez, 2006). We recorded one distribution of the form magellanicus regard- locality in the Valdivian Temperate Forests less of this controversy. These records reduced and the other in an ecotone between this and a gap of ca. 1000 km in the distribution of Patagonian Steppe. This agrees with previous H. magellanicus in Argentina, and we were records in adjacent areas of the Patagonian able to restrict this species as endemic to the Steppe in Neuquén (see Barquez et al., 1999) Subantarctic Forests. In addition, we presented although these are also very close to Valdivian 12 new localities in NW Chubut province for Temperate Forests. It is important to emphasize four bat species, including three that only oc- that this species might migrate, just like other cur in Patagonia (Barquez et al., 1999). Lack species of Lasiurus (e.g., L. blossevillii and L. of studies on flying mammals from Southern cinereus; La Val and La Val, 1979; Barquez Argentina has allowed various knowledge gaps et al., 1999). to persist even at the level of basic taxonomic Lastly, we present new localities for T. and distributional data. In this work we hope to brasiliensis. Although this is one of the most have contributed to improving the quality and widespread species of bats with many records precision of distributional data of Patagonian in Argentina (Wilkins, 1989; Barquez, 2006), bat species, critical to any attempt to apply only 12 localities were from Patagonia (sensu conservation policies (Racey and Entwistle, lato), mostly in Neuquén and Río Negro prov- 2003). The craniodental measurements provide inces (Barquez et al., 1999). Until now, the additional information for identification of Brazilian free-tailed bat has not been recorded Patagonian bat species, without the need to from NW Chubut province, with localities only rely exclusively on external characters. Fur- known from the Patagonian coast (Península ther work in the field should contribute new Valdés; Daciuk, 1974; Rada Tilly; Nabte et records for the bat fauna of this region, and al., 2011; a third locality was referred only as provide more specimens for detailed analyses Chubut, see Barquez et al., 1999). We added of intraspecific and interspecific variability. here four new localities from the Valdivian Temperate Forests and the ecotone between ACKNOWLEDGMENTS it and the Patagonian Steppe. Records from We thank Mr. Ors Kovacs for kindly showing us the type the Valdivian Temperate Forests belong to locality of Myotis aelleni; Mr. Paladino, Mr. Williams and an open forest (partly disturbed) and a small Mr. Jones for allowing us access to their farms; Mr. Oses settlement. This species has narrow and long for permission to enter Reserva El Coihue; and Mariel wings for enduring flight in open areas (Nor- Boquet and Gabriel Bauer for donating two specimens used in this study. Guillermo Omad and Leticia Pafundi berg and Rayner, 1987; Canals et al., 2001). assisted during field work. Administración de Parques Its presence in forested areas might be related Nacionales (proyecto 1049) and Dirección de Fauna y to higher-altitude occurrence, occupation of Flora Silvestre de la provincia del Chubut (36/08 DFyFS, disturbed areas, or feeding above the canopy. 20/2010 DF y FS-SSRN, 004/2011 DF y FS-SSRN) kindly granted the capture permits. We thank Diego Verzi and Itatí Olivares for access to the collection of Museo La Plata. CONCLUSION We thank financial support afforded by Consejo Nacional In the present contribution we recorded H. de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco PI magellanicus as a new species for Chubut 031. NPG thanks CONICET and PICT 2008-1798. and Río Negro provinces of Argentina and increased the number of known bat species to LITERATURE CITED eight for both provinces. 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