Table of Cases

Cases in Chapter 1

ICC Trial Chamber V(B), Prosecutor v Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, Decision on the Withdrawal of Charges Against Mr. Kenyatta, 13 March 2015, Case No. ICC- 01/09-02/11 ICC Trial Chamber V(B), Prosecutor v Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, Notice of Withdrawal of the Charges Against Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, 5 December 2014, Case No. ICC-01/09-02/11

Cases in Chapter 2

High Court (Guateng Division, Pretoria), South Africa, Matter between Democratic Alliance and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation et al., 22 February 2017, Case No. 83145/2016 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for Warrants of Arrest under Article 58, 10 February 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 ICTR Appeals Chamber, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza v The Prosecutor, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Request for Review or Reconsideration, 31 March 2000, Case No. ICTR-97-19AR72 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Tihomir Blaškić, Judgment on the Request of the Republic of Croatia for Review of the Decision of the Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, 29 October 1997, Case No. IT-95-14-AR 108bis

Cases in Chapter 3

ECtHR Grand Chamber, Hilal Abdul Razzaq Al-Jedda v UK, 7 July 2011, Application No. 27021/08

© T.M.C. ASSER PRESS and the author 2019 619 C. Soler, The Global Prosecution of Core Crimes under International Law, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-335-1 620 Table of Cases

ECtHR Grand Chamber, Mazin Jum’Aa Gatteh Al-Skeini and Others v UK, 7 July 2011, Application No. 55721/07 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Sabah Jaloud v The Netherlands, 20 November 2014, Application No. 47708/08 SCSL Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Charles Ghankay Taylor, Decision on Immunity from Jurisdiction, 31 May 2004, Case No. SCSL-2003-01-I

Cases in Chapter 4

ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorization of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Hans-Peter Kaul, 31 March 2010, Case No. ICC-01/09 ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, 7 May 1997, Case No. IT-94-1-ICTY

Cases in Chapter 5

Buenos Aires Federal Court, Simón, Julio, Del Cerro, Juan Antonio, sustracciónde menores de 10 años, Decision of Judge Gabriel Cavallo, 6 March 2001, Case No. 8686/2002000/B Constitutional Court, South Africa, National Commission of the South African Police Service and Another v Southern African Human Rights Litigation Centre and Another (Zimbabwe Torture Docket Case), 30 October 2014, [CCT 02/14] ZACC 30 Hoge Raad [Supreme Court], The Netherlands, Stichting Mothers of Srebrenica v The Netherlands and United Nations, 13 April 2012, Case No. 10/04437 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Germain Katanga against the Oral Decision of Trial Chamber II of 12 June 2009 on the Admissibility of the Case, 25 September 2009, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 OA8 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest Against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, 4 March 2009, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICJ, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (BiH v Serbia and Montenegro), 26 February 2007, ICJ Reports 2007 ICJ, Questions Relating to the Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute (Belgium v Senegal), 20 July 2012, ICJ Rep. 2012, p. 422 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, 15 July 1999, Case No. IT-94-1-A STL Appeals Chamber, Interlocutory Decision on the Applicable Law, 16 February 2011, Case No. STL-11-01/1 Table of Cases 621

Supreme Court, Canada, Regina v Imre Finta, 24 March 1994, Case No. 23023, 23097 The Hague Court of Appeal, Hasan Nuhanović v The Netherlands, 5 July 2011, Case No. 200.020.174/01

Cases in Chapter 6

ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the CAR, Prosecutor v Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo against Trial Chamber III’s ‘Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute’, 8 June 2018, Case No. ICC-01/05-01/08A ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the CAR, Prosecutor v Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo against Trial Chamber III’s ‘Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute’, 8 June 2018, Separate Opinion of Judge Christine van den Wyngaert and Judge Howard Morrison, Case No. ICC-01/05-01/08A ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Decision on the Confirmation of Charges, 30 September 2008, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest Against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, 4 March 2009, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for Summons to Appear for William Samoei Ruto, Henry Kiprono Kosgey and Joshua Arap Sang in Prosecutor v Ruto, Kosgey and Sang, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Hans-Peter Kaul, 15 March 2011, Case No. ICC-01/09-01/11-2 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorization of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Hans-Peter Kaul, 31 March 2010, Case No. ICC-01/09 ICC Trial Chamber III, Situation in the CAR, Prosecutor v Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, 21 March 2016, Case No. ICC-01/05-01/08 ICC, Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorization of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, 31 March 2010, Case No. ICC-01/09 ICC, Pre-Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, Decision Pursuant to Article 61(7)(a) and (b) of the Rome Statute on the Charges of the Prosecutor Against Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, 15 June 2009, Case No. ICC-01/05-01/08 ICJ, Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of Congo (DRC v Rwanda), 3 February 2006, [2006] ICJ Rep. 2006, General List No. 126 622 Table of Cases

ICTR Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Kayishema and Ruzindana, 21 May 1999, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995, Case No. IT-94-1 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Goran Jelisić, 5 July 2001, Case No. IT-95-10-A ICTY Trial Chamber I, Section A, Prosecutor v Vidoje Blagojević and Dragan Jokić, 17 January 2005, Case No. IT-02-60-T ICTY Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Fatmir Limaj et al., 30 November 2005, Case No. IT-03-66-T ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Goran Jelisić, 14 December 1999, Case No. IT-95-10-T ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Radislav Krstić, 2 August 2001, Case No. IT-98-33-T ICTY, Prosecutor v Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić, Consideration of the Indictment Within the Framework of Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 11 July 1996, Case Nos. IT-95-5-R61 and IT-95-18-R61 International Military Tribunal, The Trial of the German Major War Criminals, Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal Sitting at Nuremberg, Germany, Part 22, 22 August 1946 to 1 October 1946

Cases in Chapter 7

Hoge Raad [Supreme Court], The Netherlands, Nuhanović v the Netherlands,6 September 2013, Case No. 12/03324 ICJ, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v Serbia), 3 February 2015, [2015] ICJ Rep. 2015, p. 3 ICJ, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (BiH v Serbia and Montenegro), 26 February 2007, ICJ Rep. 2007, p. 43 ICJ, United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (USA v Iran) (Iranian Hostages Case), 24 May 1980, [1980] ICJ Rep. 3 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Miroslav Kvočka et al., Decision on Interlocutory Appeal by the Accused Zoran Žigić Against the Decision of the Trial Chamber I dated 5 December 2000, 25 May 2001, Case No. IT-98-30/1 ICTY Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Miroslav Kvočka et al., Decision on the Defence Motion Regarding Concurrent Procedures Before International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and International Court of Justice on the Same Questions, 5 December 2000, Case No. IT-98-30/1 ICTY Trial Chamber III, Prosecutor v Slobodan Milošević, Decision on Preliminary Motions, 8 November 2001, Case No. IT-02-54 ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Anto Furundžija, 10 December 1998, Case No. IT-95-17/1-T Table of Cases 623 Cases in Chapter 8

ICC Trial Chamber II, Situation in The DRC, Prosecutor v Germain Katanga, Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, Minority Opinion of Judge Christine van den Wyngaert, Anx. I, 7 March 2014, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995, Case No. IT-94-1 ICTY Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Fatmir Limaj et al., 30 November 2005, Case No. IT-03-66-T ICTY Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Ljube Boškoski & Johan Tarčulovski, 10 July 2008, Case No. IT-04-82-T ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Dragoljub Kunarac et al., 22 February 2001, Case Nos. IT-96-23-T and IT-96-23/1-T USA Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit, USA v Esteban Marino-Garcia, 9 July 1982, 679 F.2d 1373 USA District Court for the Southern District of Florida, USA v Cesar James-Robinson, 11 June 1981, 515 F. Supp. 1340 (SD Fla. 1981)

Cases in Chapter 9

ECtHR Fourth Section, Mladen Naletilić v Croatia, Decision as to the Admissibility of the Application, 4 May 2000, Application No. 51891/99 German Federal Constitutional Court, Solange II, Order, 22 October 1986, 2 BvR 197/83, BVerfGE 73, 339 (387) ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, Prosecutor v Simone Gbagbo, Decision on Côte d’Ivoire’s challenge to the admissibility of the case against Simone Gbagbo, 11 December 2014, Case No. ICC-02/11-01/12 ICTR Appeals Chamber, Jean Bosco Barayagwiza v Prosecutor, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Request for Review or Reconsideration, Declaration by Judge Rafael Nieto-Navia, 31 March 2000, Case No. ICTR-97-19AR72 ICTR Appeals Chamber, Jean Bosco Barayagwiza v Prosecutor, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Request for Review or Reconsideration, Separate Opinion of Judge Shahabuddeen, 31 March 2000, Case No. ICTR-97-19AR72 ICTR Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Bernard Ntuyahaga, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Motion to Withdraw the Indictment, 18 March 1999, Case No. ICTR- 98-40-T ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Tihomir Blaškić, Judgment on the Request of the Republic of Croatia for Review of the Decision of the Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, 29 October 1997, Case No. IT-95-14-AR 108bis ICTY Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Dragan Nikolić, Decision on Defence Motion Challenging the Exercise of Jurisdiction by the Tribunal, 9 October 2002, Case No. IT-94-2-PT 624 Table of Cases

SCSL Appeals Chamber Judgment, Prosecutor v Charles Ghankay Taylor, Decision on Immunity from Jurisdiction, 31 May 2004, Case No. SCSL-2003-01-I

Cases in Chapter 10

District Court, The Hague, Dragan Opacić v the Netherlands, 30 May 1997, KG 97/742 ECFI, Second Chamber (Extended Composition) Ahmed Ali Yusuf and Al Barkakaat International Foundation v Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities [2005], 21 September 2005, T-306/01 ECFI, Second Chamber (Extended Composition) Yasin Abdullah Kadi v Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities [2005], 21 September 2005, T-315/01 ECtHR Former Third Division, Vasiliy Kononov v Latvia, 24 July 2008, Application No. 36376/04 Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, Appeal Judgment, Rukundo v Federal Office of Justice, 3 September 2001, Case Nos. 1A.129/2001 and 1A.130/2001 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chu i, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Germain Katanga against the Oral Decision of Trial Chamber II of 12 June 2009 on the Admissibility of the Case, 25 September 2009, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 OA8 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeal of the Prosecutor Against the Decision of Trial Chamber I Entitled ‘Decision on the Consequences of Non-Disclosure of Exculpatory Materials Covered by Article 54(3)(e) Agreements and the Application to Stay the Prosecution of the Accused, Together with Certain Other Issues Raised at the Status Conference on 10 June 2008’, 21 October 2008, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06 OA 13 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Prosecutor v Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, Judgment on the Prosecutor’s Appeal Against Trial Chamber’sV (B)’s ‘Decision on Prosecution’s Application for a Finding of Non-Compliance under Article 87(7) of the Statute’, 19 August 2015, Case No. ICC-01/09-02/11 OA 5 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senuss i, Decision on the Postponement of the Execution of the Request to Surrender of Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi Pursuant to Article 95 of the Rome Statute,1 June 2012, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest Against Omar Hassan Al Bashir, 4 March 2009, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Prosecutor v Ahmad Muhammad Harun (Ahmad Harun) and Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al Rahman (Ali Kushayb), Decision on the Prosecution Application under Article 58(7) of the Statute, 27 April 2007, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/07 Table of Cases 625

ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS 2, VPRS 3, VPRS 4, VPRS 5 and VPRS 6, 17 January 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Decision to Convene a Status Conference, 17 February 2005, Case No. ICC-01/04 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest under Article 58, 10 February 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision on the Cooperation of the DRC Regarding Omar Al Bashir’s Arrest and Surrender to the Court, 9 April 2014, Case No. ICC- 02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision under Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on the Non-compliance by South Africa with the Request by the Court for the Arrest and Surrender of Omar Al Bashir, 6 July 2017, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision under Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on the non-compliance by Jordan with the Request by the Court for the Arrest and Surrender of Omar Al-Bashir, 11 December 2017, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Uganda, Decision on Prosecutor’s Application for Leave to Appeal in Part Pre-Trial Chamber II’s Decision on the Prosecutor’s Applications for Warrants under Article 58, Unsealed Pursuant to Decision ICC-02/04-01/05-52 dated 13 October 2005, Situation in Uganda,19 August 2005, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05-20-US-Exp ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Uganda, Prosecutor v Joseph Kony, Vincent Otti, Okot Odhiambo, Dominic Ongwen, Decision on the Admissibility of the Case under Article 19(1) of the Statute, 10 March 2009, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05 ICJ, Advisory Opinion, Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia Notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970) (Namibia case), 21 June 1971, 1971 ICJ 16 ICJ, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (BiH v Serbia and Montenegro), 26 February 2007, ICJ Rep. 2007, p. 43 ICJ, Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v France), 20 December 1974, ICJ Rep 1974, p. 253 ICJ, Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention Arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v UK), Provisional Measures, Order of 14 April 1992, ICJ Rep. 1992, p. 114 ICTR, Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Joseph Kanyabashi, Decision on the Defence Motion on Jurisdiction, 18 June 1997, Case No. ICTR-96-15-T ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995, Case No. IT-94-1 626 Table of Cases Cases in Chapter 11

ACHPR, Tanganyika Law Society et al. v United Republic of Tanzania, 14 June 2013, Application No. 009/2011 Court of Assize, Tripoli, Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi et al., Death Sentence, 28 July 2015, 630/2012 Divisional Court, UK, Smakowski and Zestfair Ltd v Westminster City Council, (1990), 154 J.P. 345 DC, Crim. L.R. 1990 Jun 419-421 ECCC, Prosecutor v. Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch, 3 February 2012, 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/SC ECtHR Former Second Section, İsak Tepe v Turkey, 9 May 2003, Application No. 27244/95 ECtHR Fourth Section, Borislav Yevgenyevich Poltoratskiy v Ukraine, 29 April 2003, Application No. 38812/97 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Anelia Kunchova Nachova et al. v Bulgaria, 6 July 2005, Application Nos. 43577/98 and 43579/98 ECtHR Grand Chamber, McCann and Others v UK, 27 September 1995, Application No. 18984/91 ECtHR Third Section, Franz Fischer v Austria, 29 May 2001, Application No. 37950/97 ECtHR Third Section, Ponsetti and Chesnel v France, 14 September 1999, Application Nos. 36855/97 and 41731/98 ECtHR, Maria Celeste Vieira Veloso de Oliveira v Switzerland, 30 July 1998, Application No. 84/1997/868/1080 ECtHR, Sergey Kuznetsov v Ukraine, 29 April 2003, Application No. 39042/97 HoL, Regina (on the application of Al-Jedda) (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for Defence (Respondent), 12 December 2007, 2007 UKHL 58 HoL, Regina v Bow Street Stipendiary Magistrate and Others, Ex Parte Pinochet (Spanish request for extradition case), 24 March 1999, (No. 3) [1999], 2 WLR 827 HoL, Regina v Horseferry Road Magistrates’ Court ex parte Bennett, 24 June 1993 [1993], 3 WLR 90 HoL, Stockdale v Hansard, 15 June 1839, vol. 48 cc301/6 HRC, A.R.J. v Australia, 28 July 1997, Communication No. 692/1996 IACtHR, La Cantuta v Perú (Merits, Reparations and Costs), 29 November 2006, Series C, No. 162 IACtHR, Maritza Urrutia v Guatemala, 27 November 2003, Series C, No. 103 IACtHR, Paniagua Morales et al. v Guatemala (Panel Blanca {The case of the White Van}), 8 March 1998, Series C, No. 37 IACtHR, Velásquez-Rodrίguez v Honduras, 29 July 1988, Series C, No. 4 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Prosecutor v Francis Kirimi Muthaura, Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta and Mohammed Hussein Ali, Judgment on the Appeal of the Republic of Kenya Against the Decision of Pre-Trial Chamber II of 30 May 2011 entitled ‘Decision on the Application by the Government of Kenya Challenging the Admissibility of the Case Pursuant to Article 19(2)(b) of the Statute’, 30 August 2011, Case No. ICC-01/09-02/11 OA Table of Cases 627

ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan’s Appeal Against the ‘Decision under Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on the Non-Compliance by Jordan with the Request by the Court for the Arrest and Surrender [of] Omar Al-Bashir’, 12 March 2018, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in Libya, Judgment on the Appeal of Abdullah Al-Senussi against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I of 11 October 2013 entitled ‘Decision on the Admissibility of the Case against Abdullah Al-Senussi, Gaddafi and Al-Senussi’, 24 July 2014, Case No. ICC-01/11-01 OA6 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Judgment on the Appeal of Libya Against the Decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I of 31 May 2013 entitled ‘Decision on the Admissibility of the Case Against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi’, 21 May 2014, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 OA4 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Decision on the Request for Suspensive Effect and Related Issues, 18 July 2013, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the CAR, Prosecutor v Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, Corrigendum to Judgment on the appeal of Mr. Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo Against the Decision of Trial Chamber III of 24 June 2010 entitled ‘Decision on the Admissibility and Abuse of Process Challenges’, 19 October 2010, Case No. ICC-01/05-01/08 OA 3 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the DRC, Judgment on the Prosecutor’s Appeal Against the Decision of the Pre-Trial Chamber I entitled ‘Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for Warrants of Arrest under Article 58’, 13 July 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the DRC in the case of the Prosecutor v Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Katanga Against the Decision of the Trial Chamber II of 20 November 2009 entitled ‘Decision on the Motion of the Defence for Germain Katanga for a Declaration on Unlawful Detention and Stay of Proceedings’, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Erkki Kourula and Judge Ekaterina Trendafilova, 12 July 2010, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 OA 10 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Germain Katanga Against the Oral Decision of Trial Chamber II of 12 June 2009 on the Admissibility of the Case, 25 September 2009, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 OA8 ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo Against the Decision on the Defence Challenge to the Jurisdiction of the Court Pursuant to Article 19(2) of the Statute of 3 October 2006, 14 December 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06(OA4) ICC Appeals Chamber, Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Prosecutor v Francis Kirimi Muthaura, Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta and Mohammed Hussein Ali, Judgment on the Appeal of the Republic of Kenya Against the Decision of Pre-Trial Chamber II of 30 May 2011 entitled ‘Decision on the Application by the 628 Table of Cases

Government of Kenya Challenging the Admissibility of the case Pursuant to Article 19(2)(b) of the Statute’, 30 August 2011, Case No. ICC-01/09-02/11 OA ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Ahmad Muhammad Harun et al., Decision on the Prosecution Application under Article 58(7) of the Statute, 27 April 2007, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/07 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Bosco Ntanganda, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for Warrants of Arrest under Article 58, 10 February 2006, Case No. ICC-0I/04-02/06-20-Anx2 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision Pursuant to Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on the Failure by the Republic of Malawi to Comply with the Cooperation Requests Issued by the Court with Respect to the Arrest and Surrender of Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir (Malawi case),12 December 2011, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Decision on the OPCD Requests in relation to the Hearing on the Admissibility of the Case, 2 October 2012, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Simone Gbagbo, Decision on Côte d’Ivoire Challenge to the Admissibility of the Case Against Simone Gbagbo, 11 December 2014, Case No. ICC-02/11-01/12 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Decision on the Admissibility of the Case Against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, 31 May 2013, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Public Redacted Version of the Corrigendum to the ‘Defence Response to the Application on Behalf of the Government of Libya Pursuant to Article 19 of the ICC Statute’, 31 July 2012, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Decision Requesting Further Submissions on Issues Related to the Admissibility of the Case Against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, 7 December 2012, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Decision on the Admissibility of the Case Against Abdullah Al-Senussi, 11 October 2013, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Decision on the Postponement of the Execution of the Request for Surrender of Saif Al-Islam Pursuant to Article 95 of the Rome Statute,1 June 2012, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Libya, Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, Public Redacted Version of the Response to the Libyan Government’s Further Submissions on Issues Related to Admissibility of the Case Against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, 18 February 2013, Case No. ICC-01/11-01/11 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Decision of the Prosecutor’s Application for Warrants of Arrest under Article 58, 10 February 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 Table of Cases 629

ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Decision on the Applications for the Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS 2, VPRS 3, VPRS 4, VPRS 5 and VPRS 6, 17 January 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Callixte Mbarushimana, Decision on the Defence Challenge to the Validity of the Arrest Warrant, 9 January 2011, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/10 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Initial Appearance of Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, 11 February 2008, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Germain Katanga, Decision on the Evidence and Information Provided by the Prosecution for the Issuance of a Warrant of Arrest for Germain Katanga, 6 July 2007, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Katanga, Decision on the Evidence and Information Provided by the Prosecution for the Issuance of a Warrant of Arrest for Germain Katanga, 5 November 2007, Case No. ICC- 01/04-01/07 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest, Article 58, 10 February 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Decision to Unseal the Warrant of Arrest Against Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo and Related Documents, 17 March 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, in the Case of the Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision under Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on the Non-Compliance by South Africa with the Request by the Court for the Arrest and Surrender of Omar Al Bashir (Decision on South Africa’s non- compliance), 6 July 2017, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision following the Prosecutor’s request for an order further clarifying that the Republic of South Africa is under the obligation to immediately arrest and surrender Omar Al Bashir, 13 June 2015, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision on the Cooperation of the DRC Regarding Omar Al Bashir’s Arrest and Surrender to the Court, 9 April 2014, Case No. ICC- 02/05-01/09 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, Prosecutor v Simone Gbagbo, Prosecution’s Request to Access Material and Provide Observations in the Article 19(1) Admissibility Proceedings, 25 September 2018, Case No. ICC-02/11-01/12 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorization of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Hans-Peter Kaul, 31 March 2010, Case No. ICC-01/09 630 Table of Cases

ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Uganda, Decision on Prosecutor’s Application for Leave to Appeal in Part Pre-Trial Chamber II’s Decision on the Prosecutor’s Applications for Warrants of Arrest under Article 58, 19 August 2005, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Uganda, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for Warrants of Arrest under Article 58 in Relation to the Situation in Uganda, 8 July 2005, Case No. ICC-02/04 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Uganda, Prosecutor v Joseph Kony, Vincent Otti, Okot Odhiambo, Dominic Ongwen, Decision on the Admissibility of the Case under Article 19(1) of the Statute, 10 March 2009, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber III, Situation in the CAR, Prosecutor v Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, Decision on the Admissibility and Abuse of Process Challenges, 24 June 2010, Case No. ICC-01/05-01/08 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber III, Situation in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Public Redacted Version of ‘Request for Authorisation of an Investigation Pursuant to Article 15’, 20 November 2017, Case No. ICC-02/17 ICC Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Consequences of Non-Disclosure of Exculpatory Materials Covered by Article 54(3)(E) Agreements and the Application to Stay the Prosecution of the Accused, Together with Certain Other Issues Raised at the Status Conference on 10 June 2008, 13 June 2008, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06 ICC Trial Chamber II, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Reasons for the Oral Decision on the Motion Challenging the Admissibility of the Case (Article 19 of the Statute), 16 June 2009, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/07 ICC, Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Prosecutor v Omar Al Bashir, Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest Against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, 4 March 2009, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09 ICC, Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Prosecutor v Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Decision under Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on the non-compliance by Jordan with the request by the Court for the arrest and sur- render of Omar Al-Bashir (Decision on Jordan’s non-compliance), 11 December 2017, ICC-02/05-01/09 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Christine van den Wyngaert, 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Case Concerning Certain Criminal Proceedings in France (DRC v France), Order of Removal of the Case, 16 November 2010 ICTR Appeals Chamber, Jean Bosco Barayagwiza v Prosecutor, Decision,3 November 1999, Case No. ICTR-97-19-AR72 Table of Cases 631

ICTR Appeals Chamber, Jean Bosco Barayagwiza v Prosecutor, Prosecutor’s Request for Review or Reconsideration, 31 March 2000, Case No. ICTR- 97-19-AR72 ICTR Trial Chamber designated under Rule 11bis, Prosecutor v Fulgence Kayishema, Decision on the Request by Human Rights Watch for Leave to Appear as Amicus Curiae in the Proceedings for Referral of the Indictment Against Fulgence Kayishema to Rwanda: Rule 11bis and 74 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 8 November 2007, Case No. ICTR-2001-67-I ICTR Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Jean Kambanda, Judgement and Sentence, 4 September 1998, Case No. ICTR-97-23-S ICTR Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, Aloys Ntabakuze and Anatole Nsengiyumva, Modalities for Presentation of a Witness, 20 September 2006, Case No. ICTR-98-41-T ICTR Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Joseph Kanyabashi, Decision on the Defence Motion on Jurisdiction, 18 June 1997, Case No. ICTR-96-15-T ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Dragan Nikolić, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal Concerning Legality of Arrest, 5 June 2003, Case No. IT-94-2-AR73 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Radislav Krstić, 19 April 2004, IT-98-33-A ICTY Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Mile Mrkšić, Veselin Šljivančanin and Miroslav Radić, Prosecutor’s Requests for Deferral to the ICTY of Proceedings Instituted in Serbia (Vukovar Hospital case), 7 December 1998, Case No. IT- 95-13/1 ICTY Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Dragan Nikolić, Decision on the Defence Motion Challenging the Exercise of Jurisdiction by the Tribunal, 9 October 2002, Case No. IT-94-2 ICTY Trial Chamber III, Prosecutor v Slobodan Milošević, Decision on Preliminary Motions, 8 November 2001, Case No. IT-02-54 ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion on the Principle of Non Bis in Idem, 14 November 1995, Case No IT-94-1-T ICTY, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Request for Deferral and Motion for Order to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 4 October 2002, Case No. IT-02-55-MISC.6 ICTY, Prosecutor v Mrkšić et al., Transcript, 9 December 1998, ICTY Case No. IT- 95-13/1 SCSL Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Charles Ghankay Taylor, Decision on Immunity from Jurisdiction, 31 May 2004, Case No. SCSL-2003-01-I Special Panel for Serious Crimes, República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Dili District Court, The Deputy General Prosecutor for Serious Crimes v Wiranto et al., Legal Ruling Concerning the Applicability of Ne Bis in Idem at the Arrest Warrant Stage of the Proceedings, 5 May 2005, Case No. 05/2003 Supreme Court of Appeal, South Africa, State v Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim,26 February 1991, 279/89 Supreme Court of Appeal, South Africa, The Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development v The Southern African Litigation Centre, 15 March 2016, 867/15 [2016] ZASCA 17 632 Table of Cases

[Supreme Court], Israel, Attorney-General of Israel v Adolf Eichmann, 29 May 1962, Criminal Appeal 336/61 USA Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit, Susan Siderman de Blake et al. v Argentina,22 May 1992, 85-5773, 1992, 965 F.2d 699 USA Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit, Dolly and Joel Filártiga v Americo Norberto Peña-Irala, 30 June 1980, No. 191, Docket 79-6090, 630 F.2d 876 USA Supreme Court, USA v Humberto Alvarez-Machain, 15 June 1992, 504 U.S. 655 (112 S.Ct. 2188, 119 L.Ed.2d 441) 91/712

Cases in Chapter 12

ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Tihomir Blaškić, (subpoena), ICTY Appeals Chamber Judgment on the Request of the Republic of Croatia for Review of the Decision of the Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, 29 October 1997, Case No. IT-95-14-AR 108bis

Cases in Chapter 13

African Commission, Various Communications vs Mauritania, 11 May 2000, Communications 54/91, 61/91, 96/93, 98/93, 164/97, 210/98 Appeals Commission for Refugees (2nd Division), France, Agathe Habyarimana neé Kanziga, 15 February 2007, 564776 Audiencia Nacional [Criminal Chamber, Plenary Session] Spain, Unión Progresista de Fiscales de España et al. v. Pinochet, 5 November 1998 Audiencia Nacional, Spain, Fundación Casa del Tibet and Others v Jiang Zemin and Others, Appeal Judgment on Admissibility, 10 January 2006, ILDC 1002 (ES 2006) Audiencia Nacional, Spain, Graciela P de L and Others v Adolfo Francisco Scilingo Manzorro, 19 April 2005, ILDC 136 (ES 2005) Audiencia Nacional, Spain, Rigoberta Menchu Tum et al. v Ríos Montt et al. (Guatemala Genocide case), 13 December 2000, 331/99 Bavarian High Court (Oberlandesgericht), Munich, Novislav Djajic Case, 23 May 1997, 2 St 20/96, 51 Neue Jusistische Wochenschrisft (1998) p. 392 Bundesgerichtshof [German Federal Supreme Court], Public Prosecutor v Nikola Jorgić, 30 April 1999, 2 BvR 1290/99 Bundesverfassungsgericht, [Federal Constitutional Court, 4th Chamber of the Second Senate, Germany], Public Prosecutor v Nikola Jorgić, 12 December 2000, 2 BvR 1290/99 Chambre de mises en accusation [Pre-Trial Chamber of the Belgian Court of Appeal], Brussels, Samiha Abbas Hijazi et al. v Ariel Sharon, 26 June 2002 Colombian State Council, Hector Jaime Beltran Parra, Clara Patricia, Nidia Amanda, Jose Antonio and Mario Beltran Fuentes, 19 July 2007 Table of Cases 633

Constitutional Court, Guatemala, Tribunal Primero A Guatemala, Rigoberta Menchu et al. v Ríos Montt et al. (Genocide in Guatemala), 20 May 2013, Case No. Exp 1904-2013 Constitutional Court, South Africa, National Commission of the South African Police Service and Another v Southern African Human Rights Litigation Centre and Another (Zimbabwe Torture Docket case), 30 October 2014 [2014] ZACC 30 Corte Constitucional [Constitutional Court], Sala Plena, Bogotá, Colombia, Sentencia (In re Corte Penal Internacional), 30 July 2002, C-578/02 Corte Suprema de Argentina [Supreme Court], Argentina, Arancibia Clavel, Enrique Lautaro Homicidio Calificado y Asociación Ilicita y Otros, 24 August 2004, Case No. 259 Cour d’Assises de Paris, 2ème Section [Second Chamber of the Criminal Court of Paris], Public Prosecutor v Pascal Senyamuhara Safari (alias Pascal Simbikangwa), 14 March 2014, Case No. 13/0033 Cour de Cassation, Chambre Criminelle [Court of Cassation (Criminal Chamber)], France, Elvir Javor et al. contre X, Arrêt (Rejet du pourvoi), 26 March 1996, 95-81527 Cour de Cassation, Chambre Criminelle [Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber], France, Muhayimana, Judgment No. 810, 26 February 2014, 13-87888 Cour de Cassation, Chambre Criminelle [Court of Cassation (Criminal Law Chamber)], France, France v Paul Touvier, 27 November 1992, 92-82409 Cour de Cassation, Chambre Criminelle [Court of Cassation (Criminal Law Chamber)], France, Prosecutor v Klaus Barbie, 6 October 1983, 83-93194 Cour de Cassation, Chambre Criminelle, France, Prosecutor v Maurice Papon,11 June 2004, 98-82.323 Cour Suprême du Sénégal [Supreme Court, Senegal], Association des Victimes des Crimes et Répressions Politiques au Tchad (AVCRP) et al. v Hissène Habré,20 March 2001, Case No. 14 Court of Appeal, Amsterdam, Chili Komitee Nederland v Pinochet, 4 January 1995 Court of Appeal, Amsterdam, R. Wijngaarde and R.A.L. Hoost v Desiré Delano Bouterse, Order, 20 November 2000, LJN: AA8395 Court of Appeal, Brussels, Public Prosecutor v Abdulaye Yerodia Ndombasi et al., 16 April 2002 Court of Appeal, The Hague, Public Prosecutor v Habibullah Jalalzoy, 29 January 2007, 09-751005-04 (LJN: AZ9366) Court of Appeal, The Hague, Public Prosecutor v Hesamuddin Hesam, 29 January 2007, LJN: AZ9365 Court of Appeals, Santiago, Chile, Fernando Laureani Maturana and Miguel Krassnoff Marchenko v Miguel Ángel Sandoval Rodríguez, 5 January 2004, 517-2004 Court of Queen’s Bench of Manitoba, Canada, Harvey Swystun v USA, 30 October 1987, 50 Man.R.(2d) 129 (QB) District Court for the Central District of California, Los Angeles, California, USA, The State v Sergeant Stacey Koon, Officer Theodore J. Briseno, Officer Timothy E. Wind, Officer Laurence Powell, (Rodney King case), 29 April 1992 634 Table of Cases

ECFI, Second Chamber (Extended Composition) Yasin Abdullah Kadi v Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities [2005], 21 September 2005, T-315/01 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings Against Maria Pupino, Opinion of Advocate General Kokott, 11 November 2004, Case C-105/03 ECJ, Fourth Chamber, SGL Carbon AG v Commission of the European Communities, 10 May 2007, Case C-328/05 P ECJ, Third Chamber, Varec SA v Belgian State, 14 February 2008, Case C-450/06 ECtHR Chamber, Alecos Modinos v Cyprus, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Pikis, 22 April 1993, Application No. 15070/89 ECtHR Fifth Section, Nikola Jorgić v Germany, 12 July 2007, Application No. 74613/01 ECtHR Fifth Section, Sylvère Ahorugeze v Sweden, 27 October 2011, Application No. 37075/09 ECtHR First Section, Iovchev v Bulgaria, 2 February 2006, Application No. 41211/98 ECtHR First Section, Kadir Satik and Others v Turkey, 10 October 2000, Application No. 31866/96. ECtHR Grand Chamber, Cyprus v Turkey, 10 May 2001, Application No. 25781/94 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Hirsi Jamaa and Others v Italy, 23 February 2012, Application No. 27765/09 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Hirsi Jamaa and Others v Italy, Concurring Opinion of Judge Pinto de Albuquerque, 23 February 2012, Application No. 27765/09 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Nassim Saadi v Italy, 28 February 2008, Application No. 37201/06 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Tejedor García v Spain, 16 December 1997, Application No. 142/1996/761/962 ECtHR Second Section, Hasan İlhan v Turkey, 9 November 2004, Application No. 22494/93 ECtHR Second Section, Peers v Greece, 19 April 2001, Application No. 28524/95 ECtHR Second Section, Sevtap Veznedaroğlu v Turkey, 11 April 2000, Application No. 32357/96 ECtHR Third Section, Dougoz v Greece, 6 March 2001, Application No. 40907/98 ECtHR, Anton Assenov and Others v Bulgaria, 28 October 1998, Application No. 90/1997/874/1086 ECtHR, Assya Anguelova v Bulgaria, 13 June 2002, Application No. 38361/97 ECtHR, Fourth Section, Anya Velikova v Bulgaria, 18 May 2000, Application No. 41488/98 ECtHR, Remetin v Croatia, 11 December 2012, Application No. 29525/10 ECtHR, Second Section, M.E. v Denmark, Application No. 58363/10, 8 July 2014 ECtHR, Sulaiman Al-Adsan i v UK, 21 November 2001, Application No. 35763/97 ECtHR, Third Section, Carol Ciorcan and Others v Romania, 27 January 2015, Application Nos. 29414/09 and 44841/09 ECtHR, Third Section, Kelly and Others v UK, 4 May 2001, Application No. 30054/96 Table of Cases 635

Ethiopia Federal High Court, The Special Prosecutor v Col Mengistu Hailemariam and 173 Others, 9 October 1995, Criminal File No. 1/87, 1988 EC [GC], ILDC 555 (ET 1995) Federal Court of Australia, Canberra, Nulyarimma v Thompson, 1 September 1999, [1999] FCA 1192, 165 ALR 621 Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Madeleine Mangabu Bukumba and Gracia Mukumba v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 22 January 2004, [2004] FC 93 Hoge Raad [Supreme Court], The Netherlands, Criminal Division, Public Prosecutor v Habibullah Jalalzoy, 8 July 2008, 07/10064 (LJN: BC7418) Hoge Raad [Supreme Court], The Netherlands, Prosecutor-General of the Supreme Court v Desiré Delano Bouterse, 18 September 2001, LJN: AB1471 Hoge Raad [Supreme Court], The Netherlands, Public Prosecutor v Joseph Mpambara, 21 October 2008, Case No. 09-750007-07 Hoge Raad [Supreme Court], The Netherlands, Public Prosecutor v Sebastien Nzapali, 1 December 2009, S/07-12112 HRC, Bautista de Arellana v Colombia, 27 October 1995, Communication No. 563/1993 HRC, Daniel Monguya Mbenge v Zaire, 8 September 1977, Communication No. 16/1977 HRC, Hugo Rodríguez v Uruguay, 9 August 1994, Communication No. 322/1988 (1994) Human Rights Chamber for BiH, Ferida Selimović, Šefika Palić, Šefika Palić, Mejrema Junuzović, Mevlida Sulejmanović, Mevlida Sulejmanović, Munira Sulejmanović, Hazreta Delić, Zilha Fejzić,Hafiza Hrustić and Adila Hrustić, Nura Omić, Enver Hamzić, Hajro Okanović, Rabija Smajić, Jusuf Malkić, Šuhra Alić, Raza Jusufović, Ahmija Mujić, Hasena Ahmetagić, Fatija Ibrahimović, Rifet Muhić, Rešida Omerović, Timka Mujić, Ifeta Selimović, Ifeta Selimović, Ifeta Selimović, Ifeta Selimović, Hata Ahmetović, Hata Ahmetović, Hata Ahmetović, Hata Ahmetović, Hanifa Smailović, Amira Gurdić, Tima Gurdić, Fatima Ramić, Fatima Ramić, Fatima Ramić, Enes Dozić, Enes Dozić, Azem Smajić, Tahira Skeledć, Tahira Skeledć, Tahira Skeledć, Hakija Čakanović, Sabra Kabilović, Sabira Jusufović, Emina Salihović, Hamša Čerimović, and Aiša Ademović against The Republika Srpska (Srebrenica Cases), Decision on Admissibility and Merits,7 March 2003, Case Nos. CH/01/8365, CH/01/8397, CH/01/8398, CH/01/8399, CH/01/8410, CH/01/8411, CH/01/8412, CH/01/8414, CH/01/8428, CH/01/8484, CH/01/8487, CH/01/8521, CH/02/8842, CH/02/8927, CH/02/9357, CH/02/9375, CH/02/9385, CH/02/9390, CH/02/9403, CH/02/9427, CH/02/9431, CH/02/9433, CH/02/9470, CH/02/9484, CH/02/9485, CH/02/9486, CH/02/9487, CH/02/9505, CH/02/9506, CH/02/9507, CH/02/9508, CH/02/9513, CH/02/9514, CH/02/9515, CH/02/9528, CH/02/9529, CH/02/9530, CH/02/9532, CH/02/9542, CH/02/9546, CH/02/9547, CH/02/9548, CH/02/9549, CH/02/9550, CH/02/9552, CH/02/9553, CH/02/9594, CH/02/9595, and CH/02/9596 IACmmHR, Djamel Ameziane v USA, Report No. 17/12 (Admissibility), 20 March 2012, P-900-8 636 Table of Cases

IACmmHR, Michael Domingues v USA, 22 October 2002, Report No. 62/02, Case 12.285 IACtHR, Anstraum Aman Villagrán-Morales et al. v Guatemala (Case of the ‘Street Children’), 19 November 1999, Series C, No. 63 IACtHR, Goiburú et al. v Paraguay, 22 September 2006, Series C, No. 153 IACtHR, La Cantuta v Perú (Merits, Reparations and Costs), 29 November 2006, Series C, No. 162 IACtHR, Miguel Castro-Castro Prison v Perú, 25 November 2006, Series C, No. 160 IACtHR, Nicholas Chapman Blake v Guatemala, 24 January 1998, Series C, No. 36 IACtHR, Velásquez-Rodrίguez v Honduras, 29 July 1988, Series C, No. 4 ICJ, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (BiH v Serbia and Montenegro), 26 February 2007, ICJ Rep. 2007, p. 43 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Christine van den Wyngaert, 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Christine van den Wyngaert, 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v USA) Nicaragua case], 27 June 1986, ICJ Rep. 1986, p. 14 ICJ, Case Concerning Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention Arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie, Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v USA), Provisional Measures, Order of 14 April 1992, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Weeramantry, ICJ Rep. 1992, p. 114 ICJ, Case Concerning the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company Limited (Belgium v Spain), 5 February 1970, ICJ Rep. 1970, p. 3 ICJ, Ethiopia v South Africa; Liberia v South Africa [South West Africa cases], Judge Tanaka’s Dissenting Opinion, 18 July 1966, ICJ Rep. 6 ICJ, Federal Republic of Germany v Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany v The Netherlands [North Sea Continental Shelf cases], 20 February 1969, ICJ Rep. 1969, p. 3 ICJ, Portugal v Australia [East Timor case], 30 June 1995, ICJ Rep. 1995, p. 90 ICJ, Questions Relating to the Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute (Belgium v Senegal), 20 July 2012, ICJ Rep. 2012, p. 422 ICJ, Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Advisory Opinion, 28 May 1951, 1951-ICJ Reports, p. 15 ICJ, United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (USA v Iran) [Iranian Hostages Case], 24 May 1980, ICJ Rep. 1980, p. 3 ICTR Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor v Bernard Ntuyahaga, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Motion to Withdraw the Indictment, 18 March 1999, Case No. ICTR- 98-40-T Table of Cases 637

ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995, Case No. IT-94-1-AR72 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Tihomir Blaškić, Judgment on the Request of the Republic of Croatia for Review of the Decision of the Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, 29 October 1997, Case No. IT-95-14-AR 108bis ICTY Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Dragan Nikolić, Decision on the Defence Motion Challenging the Exercise of Jurisdiction by the Tribunal, 9 October 2002, Case No. IT-94-2 ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Anto Furundžija, 10 December 1998, Case No. IT-95-17/1-T ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Enver Hadžihasanović and Amir Kubura,15 March 2006, IT-01-47-T ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Goran Jelisić, 14 December 1999, Case No. IT-95-10-T ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Slavko Dokmanović, Decision on the Motion for Release by the Accused, 27 October 1997, Case No. ICTY-95-13a ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Zejnil Delalić et al., (Čelebići case), 16 November 1998, Case No. IT-96-21-T International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Karl Brandt et al.(the Medical case), 19 August 1947 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Erhard Milch et al. (the Milch case), 16 April 1947 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Josef Altstötter et al. (the Justice case), 3 December 1947 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Oswald Pohl et al. (the Pohl case), 3 November 1947 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Friedrich Flick et al. (the Flick case), 22 December 1947 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Carl Krauch et al. (the I.G. Fabren case), 29 July 1948 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Wilhelm List et al. (the Hostages case), 19 February 1948 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Ulrich Greifelt et al. (the Rusha case), 10 March 1948 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Otto Ohlendorf et al. (the Einsatzgruppen case), 8 April 1948 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Alfried Krupp et al. (the Krupp case), 31 July 1948 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Ernst von Weizsäcker et al. (the Ministries Case), 11–13 April 1949 International (Nuremberg) Military Tribunal, United States of America v. Wilhelm von Leeb et al. (the High Command case), 27 & 28 October 1948 Juzgado Central de Instrucción No. 006 [Sixth Central Court for Preliminary Criminal Proceedings], Madrid, Spain, Bush Six case, 13 April 2011 638 Table of Cases

Landesgericht [Trial Court], Salzburg, Austria Public Prosecutor v Duško Cvjetković, Acquittal, 31 May 1995, 150s99/94 Oberste Gerichtshof [Supreme Court], Vienna, Austria, Public Prosecutor v Duško Cvjetković, Judgment on Interlocutory Appeal Upholding Jurisdiction, 13 July 1994, 150s99/94 Opinion of the Director of Public Prosecution of Denmark, Lee Urzúa et al. v Pinochet, 3 December 1998, 555/98 PCIJ Twelfth Ordinary Session, Case of S.S. Lotus (France v Turkey), 7 September 1927, PCIJ Series A, No. 10 Poder Judicial de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Prosecutor v Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, Full Verdict, 28 December 2011, Case No. 1298 Public Prosecutor of Amsterdam, Chili Komitee Nederland v Pinochet, 6 June 1994 SCSL Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Morris Kallon, Decision on Challenge to Jurisdiction Lomé Accord Amnesty, 13 March 2004, SCSL-2004-15-AR72(E) Stockholm District Court, Prosecutor v Jackie Arklöf, 18 December 2006, B 4084-04 Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación [Supreme Court], Mexico, Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, Amparo en Revision, 10 June 2003, Case No. 14/2002 [Supreme Court], Israel, Attorney-General of Israel v Adolf Eichmann, 29 May 1962, Criminal Appeal 336/61 The Court of Justice of the Economic Community of the States of West Africa (ECOWAS), Hissène Habré v Republic of Senegal, 18 November 2010, Case No. ECJ/CCJ/JUD/06/10 The High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, UK, Ndiki Mutua, Paulo Nzili, Wambugu Wa Nyigi, Jane Muthoni Mara and Susan Ngondi v The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 5 October 2012, HQ09X02666 Tribunal Constitucional, Estado de Bolivia, José Carlos Trujillo Oroza José contra Luis Dabdoub López y Jacinto MorónSánchez, Sentencia, 12 November 2001, Resolucion 1190/01-R Tribunal Constitucional, Perú, Huaura, José Enrique Crousillat López Torres,8 August 2008, Decision 01271-2008-PHC/TC Tribunal of First Instance of Brussels, Aguilar Diaz et al. v Pinochet, Order, 6 November 1998 Tribunal Oral Federal Nº 5, Prosecutor v Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, 26 October 2011, Case No. 1298 Tribunal Primero de Sentencia Penal, Guatemala City, Guatemala, Ríos Montt Judgment, 10 May 2013, No C01076-2011-00015 UK Supreme Court, R (on the application of Smith (FC) (Respondent)) v Secretary of State for Defence (Appellant) and another, 30 June 2010, [2009] EWCA Civ 441 UN Committed Against Torture, Marcos Roitman Rosenmann v Spain, 30 April 2002, CAT Committee No. 176/2000 UN Committee Against Torture, Suleymane Guengueng and Others v Senegal,19 May 2006, CAT/C/36/D/181/2001 UN Committee Against Torture, Tahir Hussain Khan v Canada, 4 July 1994, Communication No. 15/1994 Table of Cases 639

USA Court of Appeals, 6th Circuit, John Demjanjuk v Joseph Petrowsky et al., 31 October 1985, 776 F.2d 571, 85-3435 USA Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, USA v Omar Mohammed Ali Rezaq, 6 February 1998, 134 F.3d 1121 (D.C. Cir. 1998), 96-3127 USA District Court for the Southern District of New York, USA v Ramzi Ahmed Yousef et al., 29 May 1996, 927 F. Supp. 673 (S.D.N.Y. 1996), S12 93 Cr.180 (KTD) USA District Court, District of Columbia, USA v Fawaz Yunis, 12 February 1988, 681 F. Supp. 896 (D.D.C. 1988) Crim. A No. 87-0377 USA Supreme Court, Lakhdar Boumediene et al. v Bush et al., 12 June 2008, 06-1195 USA Supreme Court, USA v Humberto Alvarez-Machain, 15 June 1992, 504 U.S. 655 (112 S.Ct. 2188, 119 L.Ed.2d 441) 91/712

Cases in Chapter 14

Central Criminal Court (Old Bailey), London, Regina v Faryadi Sarwar Zardad,18 July 2005, 200505339/D3 ICJ, Continental Shelf Case (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v Malta), 3 June 1985, [1985] ICJ Rep. 13 ICJ, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion), 8 July 1996, [1996] ICJ Rep. p. 226

Cases in Chapter 15

ICJ, Continental Shelf case (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v Malta), 3 June 1985, [1985] ICJ Rep. 13

Cases in Chapter 16

Acte d'accusation du Procureur général près la Cour d'appel de Bruxelles du 12 février 2001 [Bill of Indictment of the Prosecutor filed before the Court of Appeal on 12 February 2001, Brussels], Prosecutor v. Vincent Ntezimana, Alphonse Higaniro, Consolata Mukangango & Julienne Mukabutera, Case No. 23764 Appeals Court, The Hague, Public Prosecutor v Joseph Mpambara, 17 December 2007, 09-750007-07 amώsaso dijarsήqio sη1 Ekkάda1 [Areios Pagos/Greek Supreme Court], Prefecture of Voiotia v Federal Republic of Germany, 4 May 2000, 11/2000 (288933) 640 Table of Cases

Assize Court of Brussels, Public Prosecutor v Alphonse Higaniro, Vincent Ntezimana, Consolata Mukangango (Sister Gertrude) and Julienne Mukabutera (Sister Maria Kisito), Verdict, 8 June 2001 Audiencia Nacional [Central Criminal Court], Spain, Fidel Castro Ruz, Ruling,4 March 1999 Audiencia Nacional, Spain, Graciela P de L and Others v Adolfo Francisco Scilingo Manzorro, 19 April 2005, ILDC 136 (ES 2005) Auto de la Sala de lo Penal de la Audiencia Nacional Confirmando la Jurisdicción de España para Conocer de los Crímenes de Genocidio y Terrorismo Cometido Durante la Dictadura Chilena [Decision of the Penal Chamber Confirming Spanish Jurisdiction to Investigate Genocide in Chile], First Section, 5 November 1998, Appeal 173/98, File 1/98 from Judicial Chamber 6 Bяpxoўны cyдБeлapyci [Belarus Supreme Court], Public Prosecutor v Dzmitry Kanavalaw and Uladzislaw Kavalyow, Death Sentences, 30 November 2011 Bow Street Magistartes’ Court, UK, Application filed by Peter Tatchell (under Britain’s Criminal Justice Act, 1988), Decision rejecting the issue of an arrest warrant for Robert Mugabe, 14 January 2004 Bow Street Magistrates’ Court, UK, The Government of the Russian Federation v Akhmed Zakaev, Judgment, 23 November 2003 Bundesverfassungsgericht [Federal Constitution Court, Germany], G, a citizen of Vanuatu and his motion for a temporary injunction, Order of the Second Senate,24 June 2003, 2 BvR 685/03 Bundesverfassungsgericht [German Federal Constitutional Court], Decision on the German European Arrest Warrant Law, 18 July 2005, 2 BvR 2236/04 Cámara Federal de Buenos Aires, Jorge Rafael Videla (first junta), Appeals Court Judgment, 23 May 2002, Case No. 33714 Cámara Federal de Casación Penal [Federal Chamber of Criminal Appeals], Argentina, Public Prosecutor v Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone [‘Hospital Posadas’ case], Appeals decision, 28 November 2012, 1696/1742 Cámara Federal de Casación Penal [Federal Chamber of Criminal Appeals], Argentina, Public Prosecutor v Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone [‘Campo de Mayo’ case (1)], Appeals decision, 7 December 2012, 2023, 2031, 2034 and 2043 Cámara Federal de Casación Penal [Federal Chamber of Criminal Appeals], Argentina, Public Prosecutor v Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone [‘Campo de Mayo’ case (2)], Appeals decision, 7 December 2012, 2023, 2031, 2034 and 2043 City of Westminster Magistrates’ Court, Great Britain, UK, The Government of the Republic of Serbia v Ejup Ganić, Decision on Extradition, 27 July 2010, [2010] EW Misc 11 (MC) Committee Against Torture, Cecilia Rosana Núñez Chipana v Venezuela,10 November 1998, Communication No. 110/1998 Conseil d’Etat, Assemblée, Affaire Aylor (Joy Aylor-Davis), 15 October 1993, 144950 Conseil d’Etat, France, Lujambio, Galdeano, Garcia Ramirez and Martinez Beiztegui, 26 September 1984, 62847 Table of Cases 641

Constitutional Court, South Africa, Mohamed and Dalvie v The President of the Republic of South African and Others, 28 May 2001, CCT 17/01 Constitutional Court, South Africa, Azanian Peoples Organization (AZAPO) and Others v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others, 25 July 1996, CCT 17/96 [1996] ZACC 16, 1996 (8) BCLR 1015, 1996 (4) SA 672 Constitutional Court, South Africa, S v T Makwanyane and M Mchunu, 6 June 1995, CCT3/94 Constitutional Court, South Africa, The State vs Wouter Basson, 9 September 2005, Case CCT 30/03 Corte Costituzionale [Constitutional Court], Italy, Zennaro case, 8 April 1976, No. 69 Corte Costituzionale Italiana [Italian Constitutional Court], Pietro Venezia v Ministero di Grazia e Giustizia, 27 June 1996, 223-1996 Corte di Cassazione, Sezione Penale, [Supreme Court, Criminal Chamber], Italy, Estradizione di Hussain Osman Hussain Osman’s Extradition Order], 13 September 2005, Case No. 33642 Corte di Cassazione [Supreme Court], Italy, Luigi Ferrini v Federal Republic of Germany, 11 March 2004, Case No. 5044/04 Corte di Cassazione, Sezione Penale V [Supreme Court, 5th Criminal Chamber], Italy, Kidnap of Abu Omar, 19 September 2012 Corte di Cassazione, Sezione Prima Penale [Supreme Court of Cassation, First Criminal Section], Italy, Mario Luiz Lozano v The General Prosecutor for the Italian Republic, 24 July 2008, Case No. 31171/2008 Corte Supreme di Cassazione, Sezione Prima Penale [Supreme Court, Criminal Chamber I], Italy, Public Prosecutor v Karl Hass & Erich Priebke, Sentenza sul ricorso [Judgment following the application], 16 November 1998 Corte Suprema de Justicia de Chile [Supreme Court, Chile], Juan Contreras Sepúlveda y Otros (Crimen) Casación Fondo y Forma, 17 November 2004, 517/2004 Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación [Supreme Court], Argentina. Julio Héctor Simón y otros v Poder Judicial de la Nación, 14 June 2005, 17.768 S.1767. XXXVIII Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación [Supreme Court], Argentina. Julio Héctor Simón y otros v Poder Judicial de la Nación, Opinion of Justice Dr. Don Juan Carlos Maqueda, 14 June 2005, 17.768 S.1767. XXXVIII Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República, Sala Penal Especial [Supreme Court, Special Criminal Chamber], Perú, Ministerio Público v Alberto Fujimori Fujimori, 7 April 2009, A.V. 19-2001 Cour d’Appel de Montpellier [Court of Appeal of Montpellier], France (examining magistrate), FIDH et al. vs Ould Dah, Referral of the Case to the Cour d’Assises,25 May 2001, 99/14445 Cour d’Assises de Paris, 2ème Section [Second Chamber of the Criminal Court of Paris], Public Prosecutor v Pascal Senyamuhara Safari (alias Pascal Simbikangwa), 14 March 2014, Case No. 13/0033 642 Table of Cases

Cour de Cassation [Court of Cassation], Belgium, H.S.A. et al. v S. A. et al., Decision related to the Indictment of Defendant Ariel Sharon, Amos Yaron and Others, 12 February 2003, Case No. P.02.1139.F/1 Cour de Cassation, Chambre Criminelle [Court of Cassation (Criminal Law Chamber)], France, Prosecutor v Klaus Barbie, 6 October 1983, 83-93194 Cour de Cassation [Court of Cassation], France, Public Prosecutor v Ely Ould Dah, 23 October 2002, 02-85379 Cour de Cassation [Court of Cassation], France, Re General Jean-Francois N’dengue (Brazzaville Beach case), 9 April 2008 Cour de Cassation, Chambre Criminelle [Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber], France, Wladyslaw Sobanski v George Boudarel, 1 April 1993, 98-85902 Cour de Cassation, Chambre Criminelle [Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber], Edouard, 22 November 1973, 73-91840 Cour de Cassation, France, Public Prosecutor v Muhammar Gaddafi, 13 March 2001 Court Martial, Khartoum, Sudan, Trial of Rolf Steiner, August-September 1971, 74 International Law Reports 478 (1971) Court of Appeal (Civil Division), England and Wales, Othman v Secretary of State for the Home Department, 9 April 2008, T1/2007/9502, EWCA Civ 290 Court of Appeal, Amsterdam, R. Wijngaarde and R.A.L. Hoost v Desiré Delano Bouterse, Order, 20 November 2000, LJN: AA8395 Court of Appeal, The Hague, The Netherlands, Government in exile of the Republic of South Moluccas (RMS) v The Netherlands, 22 November 2011, LJN: BU5105, 200.077.445/01 Court of Appeal, The Hague, The State of The Netherlands (Ministry of Security and Justice) v Jean Claude I., 5 July 2016, Case No. 200.182.281/01 Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, USA, William Joseph Quinn v Glen Robinson,18 February 1986, 83/2455, 783 F.2d 776 (9th Cir. 1986), ILDC 1584 (US 1986) Court of BiH, Prosecutor’sOffice of BiH v Slavko Šakić, Verdict, 29 October 2008, X-KR-05141-1 Court of Criminal Appeal, Malta, The Police (Inspector Raymond Cutajar & Inspector Raymond Aquilina) v. Lewis Muscat, 31 August 2016, Criminal Appeal No. 278/2006 Amώsaso Dijarsήqio Kύpqot [Cyprus Supreme Court], Cypriot European Arrest Warrant Law Ruling, 7 November 2005, Civil Action No. 294/2005 District Court for the Central District of California, Los Angeles, California, USA, The State v Sergeant Stacey Koon, Officer Theodore J. Briseno, Officer Timothy E. Wind, Officer Laurence Powell, (Rodney King case), 29 April 1992 District Court of Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Prosecutor v V15, 10 January 2014, 10/960227-12 (ECLI:NL:RBROT:2014:119) District Court of The Hague, Prosecutor v Yvonne Basebya, 1 March 2013, LJN: BZ4292 District Court, Criminal Law Section, Extradition Division, The Hague, Public Prosecutor v Ahmatasevic, Judgment, 5 May 2009, 08-3524 Divisional Court, UK, In re Castioni, 11 November 1890, [1891] 1Q.B. 149 Table of Cases 643

ECJ, Advocaten voor de Wereld VZW v Leden van de Ministeraad, Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Arbitragehof, 3 May 2007, Case C/303-05 ECJ, Andrea Francovich and Danila Bonifaci et al. v Italy, 19 November 1991 Cases C-6 and 9/90, [1991] ECR I-5357 ECJ, Ciprian Vasile Radu, Request for a preliminary ruling from the Curtea de Apel Constanţa, 29 January 2013, Case No. C-396/11 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings Against Filomeno Mario Miraglia, Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale di Bologna, 10 March 2005, C-469/03 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings Against Giuseppe Francesco Gasparini and Others (Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Audiencia Provincial de Málaga),28 September 2006, C-467-/04 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings against Hüseyin Gözütok and Klaus Brügge, Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Köln, Germany, and the Rechtbank van eerste aanleg te Veurne, Belgium, 11 February 2003, Joined Cases C-187/01 and C-385/01 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings against Hüseyin Gözütok and Klaus Brügge, Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Köln, Germany, and the Rechtbank van eerste aanleg te Veurne, Belgium, Opinion of Advocate-General Ruiz Jarabo Colomer, 19 September 2002, Joined Cases C-187/01 and C-385/01 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings Against Jürgen Kretzinger (Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof), 18 July 2007, Case C-288/05 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings Against Leopold Henri van Esbroeck, 9 March 2006, Case C-436/04, 2006 E.C.R. I-2333 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings Against Norma Kraaijenbrink, 18 July 2007, Case C-367/5, [2007] ECR I-6619 ECJ, Criminal Proceedings Against Vladimir Turanský. Reference for a prelimi- nary ruling: Landesgericht für Strafsachen Wien – Austria, 22 December 2008, C-491/07 ECJ, Isabelle Lancray SA v Peters und Sickert KG, Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof, 3 July 1990, Case C-305/88, ECR I-2725 ECJ, Leon Emile Gaston Carlos Debaecker and Berthe Plouvier v Cornelius Gerrit Bouwman (Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden), 11 June 1985, Case 49/84 ECJ, Pál Aranyosi and Robert Căldăraru v Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Bremen,5 April 2016, C-404/15 and C-659/15 PPU ECJ, Peter Klomps v Karl Michel (preliminary ruling requested by the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden), 16 June 1981, Case 166/80, ECR 1593 ECJ, Toshiba Corporation and Others v Úřad pro ochranu hospodářské soutěže, Opinion of AG Kokott, 14 February 2012, C-17/10 ECJ, van Gend en Loos (NV Algemene Transporten Expeditie Onderneming v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen), 5 February 1963, Case 26/62 ECtHR Fifth Section, Mohammed Ali Hassan Al-Moayad vs Germany, Decision on Admissibility, 20 February 2007, Application No. 35865/03 ECtHR Fifth Section, Sylvère Ahorugeze v Sweden, 27 October 2011, Application No. 37075/09 644 Table of Cases

ECtHR First Section, Generoso Zigarella v Italy, Admissibility, 3 October 2002, Application No. 48154/99 ECtHR First Section, Ilhomjon Ismoilov and others v Russia, 24 April 2008, Application No. 2947/06 ECtHR First Section, Rustam Mamatkulov and Askarov Z. Abdurasulovic v Turkey, 6 February 2003, Application Nos. 46827/99 and 46951/99 ECtHR First Section, Rustam Mamatkulov and Zainiddin Abdurasulovic Askarov v Turkey, 4 February 2005, Application Nos. 46827/99 and 46951/99 ECtHR Former Fifth Section, Nizar Trabelsi v Belgium, 4 September 2014, Application No. 140/10 ECtHR Former Fifth Section, Nizar Trabelsi v Belgium, Concurring Opinion of Judge Yudkivska, 4 September 2014, Application No. 140/10 ECtHR Former Fifth Section, Nizar Trabelsi v Belgium, Separate Opinion of Judge Power-Forde, 4 September 2014, Application No. 140/10 ECtHR Fourth Section, Babar Ahmad and Others v UK, 10 April 2012, Application Nos. 24027/07, 11949/08, 36742/08, 66911/09 and 67354/09 ECtHR Fourth Section, Jones and Others v UK, 14 January 2014, Application Nos. 34356/06 and 40528/06 ECtHR Fourth Section, Omar Othman (Abu Qatada) v UK, 17 January 2012, Application No. 8139/09 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Abdullah Öcalan v Turkey, 12 March 2003, Application No. 46221/99 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Arthur Hutchinson v UK, 17 January 2017, Application No. 57592/08 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Arthur Hutchinson v UK, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Pinto de Albuquerque, 17 January 2017, Application No. 57592/08 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Douglas Gary Vinter and Others v UK, 9 July 2013, Application Nos. 66069/09, 130/10, 3896/10 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Fred Marguš v Croatia, 27 May 2014, Application No. 4455/10 ECtHR Grand Chamber, James Clifton Murray v The Netherlands, 26 April 2016, Application No. 10511/10 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Jørgen Pedersen and Sten Kristian Baadsgaard v Denmark, 17 December 2004, Application No. 49017/99 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Karamjit Singh Chahal v UK, 15 November 1996, App. No. 22414/93 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Mocanu and Others v Romania, 17 September 2014, Application Nos. 10865/09, 45886/07 and 32431/08 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Mocanu and Others v Romania, Concurring Opinion of Judge Pinto de Albuquerque, Joined by Judge Vučinić, 17 September 2014, Application Nos. 10865/09, 45886/07 and 32431/08 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Panayiotis Agapiou Panayi alias Kafkaris v Cyprus, Partly Dissenting Opinion of Judge Francisco Javier Borrego Borrego,12 February 2008, Application No. 21906/04 Table of Cases 645

ECtHR Grand Chamber, Panayiotis Agapiou Panayi alias Kafkaris v Cyprus,12 February 2008, Application No. 21906/04 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Sergey Zolotoukhin v Russia, 10 February 2009, Application No. 14939/03 ECtHR Press Unit (2017) Life Imprisonment, CoE, Strasbourg. https://www.echr. coe.int/Documents/FS_Life_sentences_ENG.pdf. Accessed 2 July 2018 ECtHR Second Section, Abdullah Öcalan v Turkey (No. 2), 18 March 2014, Applications numbers 24069/03, 197/04, 6201/06 and 10464/07 ECtHR Second Section, Aleksandr Konstantinovich Nikitin v Russia, 20 July 2004, Application No. 50178/99 ECtHR Second Section, Ali Riza Göktan v France, 2 July 2002, Application No. 33402/96 ECtHR Second Section, Horciag v Romania, 15 March 2005, Application No. 70982/01 ECtHR Third Section, Franz Fischer v Austria, 29 May 2001, Application No. 37950/97 ECtHR, Affaire Grande Stevens et autre contre Italie, 4 March 2014, Application Nos. 18640/10, 18647/10, 18663/10 ECtHR, Bachmaier v Austria, Decision on Admissibility, 2 September 2004, Application No. 77413/01 ECtHR, Dombo Beheer BV v The Netherlands, Application No. 14448/88, 27 October 1993, Series A, No. 274 ECtHR, Félix Tomasi v France, 27 August 1992, Application No. 12850/87, Series A, No. 241-A ECtHR, First Section, Alois Hauser-Sporn v Austria, 7 December 2006, Application No. 37301/03 ECtHR, First Section, Gerhard Sailer v Austria, 6 June 2002, Application No. 38237/97 ECtHR, First Section, Roland Schutte v Austria, 26 July 2007, Application No. 18015/03 ECtHR, Former Fourth Section, Abd Al Rahim Hussayn Muhammad Al Nashiri v Poland, 24 July 2014, Application No. 28761/11 ECtHR, Former Fourth Section, Husayn (Abu Zubaydah) v Poland, 24 July 2014, Application No. 7511/13 ECtHR, Fourth Section, Alexander Boman v Finland, 17 February 2015, Application No. 41604/11 ECtHR, Fourth Section, Nazzareno Zarb v Malta, 4 July 2006, Application No. 16631/04 ECtHR, Fourth Section, Vaidas Dungveckis v Lithuania, Concurring Opinion of Judge Zupančič, 12 April 2016, Application No. 32106/08 ECtHR, Hans Eckle and Marianne Eckle v FRG, 15 July 1982, Application No. 8130/78, Series A, No. 51 ECtHR, Hector Cruz Varas et al. v Sweden, 20 March 1991, Application No. 15576/89, Series A, No. 201 646 Table of Cases

ECtHR, Jens Soering v UK, 7 July 1989, Application No. 14038/88, Series A, Vol. 161 ECtHR, Kaj-Erik Torsten Glantz v Finland, 20 May 2014, Application No. 37394/11 ECtHR, Karl-Heinz Wemhoff v FRG, 25 April 1968, Application No. 2122/64 ECtHR, László Magyar v Hungary, 20 May 2014, Application No. 73593/10 ECtHR, Maria Celeste Vieira Veloso de Oliveira v Switzerland, 30 July 1998, Application No. 84/1997/868/1080 ECtHR, W.F. v Austria, 30 May 2002, Application No. 38275/97 Federal Court of Australia, Zentai v Honourable Brendan O’Connor (No. 3), 2 July 2010, [2010] FCA 691 Federal Criminal Court, Switzerland, A, represented by Jacques Michod, Marc Bonnant and Magali Buser, lawyers v Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland, and B and C, both represented by Damien Chervaz, lawyer, 25 July 2012, File No. BB.2011.140 Federal Criminal Court, Switzerland, Khaled Nezzar alias A v Ministère Public de la Confédération, B and C (Office of the Attorney-General of Switzerland), 25 July 2012, Case No. BB.2011.140 Federal Criminal Oral Tribunal No. 1, San Martin, Argentina, Public Prosecutor v Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone [‘Campo de Mayo’ case (3)], Verdict, 12 March 2013, 2047 Federal Criminal Oral Tribunal No. 6, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Public Prosecutor v Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone [‘Plan Sistemático’ case], Verdict,17 September 2012, 1351 First Senate in Criminal Matters of the German Reichsgericht, Spanish-German Extradition Treaty case, 1925–1926, Annual Digest of Public International Law Cases 308 German Federal Constitutional Court, Baader-Meinhof Gang {Rote Armee Fraktion} (Red Army Faction) case, 1 August 1978, 1977, BVerfGE 54, 208 1 BvR 797/78 Böll-decision Hæstiréttur Íslands [Supreme Court, Iceland], Jón Kristinsson v Iceland,25 November 1985, Case No. 77/1985 High Court of Justice, Divisional Court, on Appeal from the City of Westminster Magistrates’ Court (District Judge Evans) and in the Matter for Judicial Review, Great Britain (UK), Vincent Brown aka Vincent Bajinja, Charles Munyaneza, Emmanuel Nteziryayo & Celestin Ugirashebuja v The Government of Rwanda and the Secretary of State for the Home Department, Appeal Against Extradition, 8 April 2009, Case CO/6247/2008 High Court of Justice, Divisional Court, on Appeal from the City of Westminster Magistrates’ Court (District Judge Evans) and in the Matter for Judicial Review, Great Britain (UK), Vincent Brown aka Vincent Bajinja, Charles Munyaneza, Emmanuel Nteziryayo & Celestin Ugirashebuja v The Government of Rwanda and the Secretary of State for the Home Department, Appeal Against Extradition, Report by Appointed Expert William Schabas, Transcript, 22 April 2008, Case CO/6247/2008 Table of Cases 647

High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Administrative Court, UK, Artur Krolik v Regional Court in Czestochowa, Poland, 17 August 2012, CO/2864/2012, CO/2915/2012, CO/2868/2012, CO/2918/2012, CO/2861/2012, CO/2747/2012, [2012] EWHC 2357, [2013] 1 W.L.R. 2390 High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Divisional Court, UK, Miklis v Deputy Prosecutor General of Lithuania, 11 May 2006, CO/1489/2006 [2006] EWHC 1032 (Admin) High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Divisional Court, UK, Regina (on the application of Adel Abdul Bary and Khalid Al Fawwaz) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, 7 August 2009, CO/5577/2008 and C0/5511/2008, [2009] WL 2392232 High Court, Australia, Minister for Home Affairs of the Commonwealth v Charles Zentai, 15 August 2012, P56/2011, [2012] HCA 28 High Court, Australia, Riley v The Commonwealth of Australia, 18 December 1985, [1985] HCA 82, 159 CLR 1, 62 ALR 497 High Court, Austrialia, Republic of Croatia (Appellant) v Daniel Snedden aka Dragan Vasiljkovic (Respondent), 19 May 2010, [2010] HCA 14 High Court, Ireland, Attorney General v Damache, 30 June 2015, IEHC 339 High Court, Transvaal Provincial Division, South Africa, The State v Johannes Velde van der Merwe and four others, Plea and Sentencing Agreement in Terms of Section 105A of Act 51 of 1977 (as amended), 17 August 2007 High Risk Tribunal, Guatemala City, Guatemala, Prosecutor v Esteelmer Reyes Girón and Heriberto Valdez Asij, Verdict, 26 February 2016 Hoge Raad [Supreme Court, the Netherlands] First Division, Mothers of Srebrenica Association et al. v State of The Netherlands and the United Nations [Mothers of Srebrenica case], 13 April 2012, 10/04437 Hoge Raad [Supreme Court, The Netherlands], Public Prosecutor v Joseph Mpambara, 26 November 2013, Case No. 12/04592 (ECLI:NL:HR:2013:1420) Hoge Raad [Supreme Court, The Netherlands], Short v The Netherlands, 30 March 1990, 13.949 and 13.950 Hoge Raad [Supreme Court, The Netherlands], Public Prosecutor v Joseph Mpambara, 21 October 2008, 09-750007-07 Högsta Domstolens [Supreme Court], Sweden, Decision on Sylvère Ahorugeze Extradition to Rwanda, 26 May 2009, Ö 1082-09 Højesteret [Supreme Court, Denmark], Prosecution Service v T (Attorney Bjørn Elmquist, appointed), Order, 26 April 2012, Case 2/2012 Højesteret [Supreme Court, Denmark], Prosecution Service v T (Attorney Bjørn Elmquist, appointed), Order, 6 November 2013, Case 105/2013 HoL, A and Others (Appellants) (FC) and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) (Conjoined Appeals), 8 December 2005, {2005}, UKHL 71 HoL, A and Others (Appellants) (FC) and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) (Conjoined Appeals), Opinion of Lord Bingham of Cornhill, 8 December 2005, {2005}, UKHL 71 648 Table of Cases

HoL, Charles Connelly v Director of Public Prosecutions, 1 October 1964, 3727/63, DPP 2/3771, 2 WLR 1145 HoL, Dabas v High Court of Justice in Madrid, Spain, 28 February 2007, [2007] 2 WLR 254 HoL, Office of the King’s Prosecutor (Brussels) v Cando Armas et al., 17 November 2005, [2005] UKHL 67, 2005 3 WLR 1079 HoL, Regina v Bartle and Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis and Others (Appellants) ex parte Pinochet (Respondent); Regina v Evans and another and Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis and others (Appellants) ex parte Pinochet (Respondent), On Appeal from a Divisional Court of the Queen’s Bench Division, 24 March 1999, 2000 1 AC 147 HL HRC, AP v Italy, 2 November 1987, Communication No. 204/1986 HRC, Bautista de Arellana v Colombia, 27 October 1995, Communication No. 563/1993 HRC, Carlton Reid v Jamaica, 20 July 1990, Communication No. 250/1987 HRC, Charles Chitat Ng v Canada, 7 January 1994, Communication No. 469/191 HRC, Comments on Nigeria, 24 July 1996, Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.65 (1996) HRC, Concluding Observations on Guatemala, 27 August 2001, CCPR/ CO/72/GTM HRC, Glenn Ashby v Trinidad and Tobago, 21 March 2012, Communication No. 580/1994 HRC, Hugo Rodrίguez v Uruguay, 9 August 1994, Communication no. 322/1988 HRC, Joseph Kindler v. Canada, 11 November 1993, Communication No. 470/1991 HRC, Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on State Parties to the Covenant Eighteenth Session, General Comment, No. 31 [80], 26 May 2004, Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Ad.13 HRC, Summary Record of the 1519th Meeting, Perú, 1 November 1996, Document CCPR/C/SR.1519 (1997) HRC, Webby Chisanga v Zambia, 18 October 2005, Communication No. 1132/ 2002 IACmmHR, Alicia Consuelo Herrera et al. v Argentina, 2 October 1992, Report No. 28/92, Cases 10.147, 10.181, 10.240, 10.262, 10.309 and 10.311 IACmmHR, Report on the Situation of Human Rights in El Salvador, 11 February 1994, Doc. OEA/Ser.L/II.85 Doc. 28 rev. IACtHR, Almonacid-Arellano et al. v Chile, Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, 26 September 2006, Series C, No. 154 IACtHR, Chumbipuma Aguirre and Others v Perú (Barrios Altos case), 14 March 2001, Series C, No. 75 IACtHR, Gomes Lund et al. (Guerrilha Do Araguaia) v Brazil, Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, 24 November 2010, Series C, No. 219 IACtHR, Juan Gelman v Uruguay (Merits and Reparations), 24 February 2011, Series C, No. 221 IACtHR, La Cantuta v Perú (Merits, Reparations and Costs), 29 November 2006, Series C, No. 162 Table of Cases 649

IACtHR, Myrna Mack Chang v Guatemala, Merits, Reparations and Costs, 25 November 2003, Ser. C No. 101 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Christine van den Wyngaert, 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), Joint Separate Opinion of Judges Higgins, Kooijmans and Buergenthal, 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Certain Questions of Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters [Djibouti v France], Pleadings, CR 2008/7, Statement of Alain Pellet, Counsel for France, 25 January 2008, General List No. 136 ICJ, Certain Questions on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Djibouti v France), Judgment, 4 June 2008, General List No. 136 ICJ, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Israeli Wall Advisory Opinion), Advisory Opinion, 9 July 2004, ICJ GL No. 131, [2004] ICJ Rep. 136 ICJ, Liechtenstein v Guatemala (Nottebohm case), 6 April 1855, I.C.J. Rep. 1955, p. 4, General List No. 18 ICJ, United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (USA v Iran) (Iranian Hostages Case), 24 May 1980, [1980] ICJ Rep. 3 ICT of Bangladesh, Second Chamber, Chief Prosecutor v. Moulana Abul Kalam Azad, 21 January 2013, 05 (2012) ICTR Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v. Joseph Kanyabashi, Decision on the Defence Motion on Jurisdiction, 18 June 1997, Case No. ICTR-96-15 ICTR Trial Chamber III, Prosecutor v Ildephonse Hategekimana, Decision on Prosecutor’s Request for the Referral of the Case of Ildephonse Hategekimana to Rwanda, 19 June 2008, Case No. ICTR-00-55BR11bis ICTR Trial Chamber III, Prosecutor v Yussuf Munyakazi, Decision on Prosecutor’s Request for Referral of the Indictment to the Republic of Rwanda, Rule 11bis of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 28 May 2008, Case No. ICTR-97-36A-T ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Tihomir Blaškić, Judgment on the Request of the Republic of Croatia for Review of the Decision of the Trial Chamber II of 18 July 1997, 29 October 1997, Case No. IT-95-14-AR 108bis ICTY Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Tihomir Blaškić, Decision on the Objection of the Republic of Croatia to the Issuance of Subpoena Duces Tecum, 18 July 1997, Case No. IT-95-14 ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Anto Furundžija, 10 December 1998, Case No. IT-95-17/1-T ICTY, Prosecutor v Milan Martić, ICTY Trial Chamber, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Motion to Request Leave to File a Corrected Amended Indictment, 18 December 2002, Case No. IT-95-11 IHT Appeals Commission, Public Prosecutor v Saddam Hussein Al Majeed et al. [Dujail case], 26 December 2006, Case No. 29/c/2006 650 Table of Cases

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Earl Pratt and Ivan Morgan v The Attorney-General for Jamaica and The Superintendent of Prisons, Saint Catherine’s, Jamaica, 2 November 1993, 210/1986 and 225/1987 Juez Sexto de Distrito de Procesos Penales Federales en el Distrito Federal [Sixth District Judge in Criminal Matters of the First Circuit, Mexican Federal Court], Miguel Angel Cavallo case, 11 January 2001, Resolution 5/2000 Polski Sąd Najwyższy [Polish Supreme Court], In the Matter of Extradition of Mandugueqi, 29 July 1997, II KKN 313/97 Qorti Kostituzzjonali [Constitutional Court] Malta, Ben Hassine Ben Ali Wahid v Honourable Prime Minister and Advocate-General of the Republic of Malta,7 November 2016, Constitutional Application 60/13 AF Qorti Kriminali [Criminal Court], Malta, Ir-Repubblika ta’ Malta vs Christian Grech, Akkuza 6/2011, 14 May 2012 Queens Bench Division, Divisional Court, England and Wales, UK, Bite v Latvia,6 October 2009, [2009] EWHC 3092 SCSL Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Charles Ghankay Taylor, Decision on Immunity from Jurisdiction, 31 May 2004, Case No. SCSL-2003-01-I SCSL Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Morris Kallon and Brima Bazzy Kamara, Decision on Challenge to Jurisdiction: Lomé Accord Amnesty, 13 March 2004, Case No. SCSL-2004-15-AR72(E) and Case No. SCSL-2004-16-AR72(E) SCSL, Prosecutor v Charles Ghankay Taylor, Judgment, 26 April 2012, SCSL- 2003-1-I SCSL, Prosecutor v Sam Hinga Norman, Moinina Fofana and Allieu Kondewa, Decision on the First Accused’s Motion for Service and Arraignment on the Consolidated Indictment, 29 November 2004, Case No. SCSL-04-14-T SCSL, Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Charles Ghankay Taylor, Judgment Summary, 26 April 2011, SCSL-03-1-T Senior District Judge Howard Riddle, Chief Magistrate, UK, Davit Kezerashvili Extradition Proceedings, Discharge, 21 March 2016 Stockholm District Court, Sweden, Prosecutor v Théodore Rukeratabaro, 27 June 2018 Supreme Court of Appeal, South Africa, The Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development v The Southern African Litigation Centre, 15 March 2016, 867/15 [2016] ZASCA 17 Supreme Court, Canada, Minister of Justice, USA v Glen Sebastian Burns and Atif Ahmad Rafay, 15 February 2001, File No. 26129, 2001 SCC 7 Supreme Court, Canada, Regina v Imre Finta, 24 March 1994, Case No. 23023, 23097 Supreme Court, Ireland, Ellis v O’Dea, 1989, Irish Reports 530 Supreme Court, Ireland, Finucane v McMahon, 13 March 1990, [1990] 1 I.R. 165 Supreme Court, Ireland, McGlinchey v Wren, 7 December 1982, Irish Reports 154 Supreme Court, Ireland, Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform v. Robert Rettinger, Appeal No: 165 & 189 of 2010, [2010] IESC 45 [2010], 1 L.R.M. 157 Supreme Court, Ireland, Seamus Shannon v Ireland, January 1984, Irish Reports 548 Table of Cases 651

Supreme Court, Ireland, The State {Duggan} vs Tapley, 1952, Irish Reports 62 [Supreme Court], Israel, Attorney-General of Israel v Adolf Eichmann, 29 May 1962, Criminal Appeal 336/61 Supreme Court, Rwanda, Tubarimo Aloys v The Government, 29 August 2008, Case. No. RS/INCONST/Pén. 0002/08/CS Supreme Court, Uganda (at Mengo), Attorney-General v Susan Kigula and 417 Others, 21 January 2009, Constitutional Appeal No. 3 of 2006 Supreme Court, Zimbabwe, Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe v Attorney-General and Others, 20 May 1993, 21 May 1993, 24 June 1993, 1993 (4) SA 239 (ZS) The Hague District Court, Prosecutor v Eshetu Alemu, 15 December 2017, ECLI: NL:RBDHA:2017:14782 The Hague District Court, Public Prosecutor v Joseph Mpambara, Interlocutory Decision, 24 July 2007, 09/750009-06 and 09/750007-07 The High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, UK, Ndiki Mutua, Paulo Nzili, Wambugu Wa Nyigi, Jane Muthoni Mara and Susan Ngondi v The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 5 October 2012, HQ09X02666 Tribunal de Première Instance de Kigali [Court of First Instance of Kigali], Rwanda, Public Prosecutor v Froduald Karamira, 14 February 1997, Case No. 7 Trybunał Konstytucyjny [Polish Constitutional Court], Constitutionality of Laws Implementing the Secondary Law of the European Union, 27 April 2005, Case Number P1/05, OTK-A 2005, No. 4, Item 42 USA Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, USA, Mamani et al v Sánchez de Losada, and Mamani et al v Sánchez Berzain, 28 August 2011, Case Nos. 09-16246 and 10-13071 USA Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, Bashe Abdi Yousuf, John Doe 1, John Doe 2, Aziz Deria, Plaintiffs–Appellees, John Doe 3, John Doe 4, Jane Doe 1, Plaintiffs v Mohamed Ali Samantar, Defendant–Appellant, 2 November 2012, 11-1479 USA Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, Dolly and Joel Filártiga v Americo Norberto Peña-Irala, 30 June 1980, No. 191, Docket 79-6090, 630 F.2d 876 USA Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, John Peter Galanis, Petitioner-appellant v Ermen Pallanck, U.S. Marshal for the District of Connecticut, Respondent-appellee, 22 November 1977, 568 F.2d 234 (2d Cir. 1977) USA Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, USA v Omar Mohammed Ali Rezaq, Opinion of Judge Patricia Wald, 6 February 1998, 134 F.3d 1121 (D.C. Cir. 1998), 96-3127 USA Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, Albert Gusikoff and Paul Rosen, Plaintiffs-Appellants v United States of America, Respondent-Appellee, 6 June 1980, No. 79-3500, 620 F.2d 459 (5th Cir. 1980) USA Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, Marcos Perez Jimenez, Appellant v Manuel Aristeguieta, Intervenor, Appellee, and John E. Maguire, Appellee, 12 December 1962, No. 19507, 311 F.2d 547 652 Table of Cases

USA Court of Appeals, First Circuit, George Koskotas, Petitioner, v James B. Roche, United States Marshal for the District of Massachusetts, Respondent,30 April 1991, 931 F.2d 169 USA Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Matter of the Extradition of Smyth, 27 July 1995, 61 F.3d 711 USA Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, Dolly and Joel Filártiga v Americo Norberto Peña-Irala, 30 June 1980, No. 191, Docket 79-6090, 630 F.2d 876 USA Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, Joseph Patrick Thomas Doherty v Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, 29 June 1990, Nos. 662, 880, Dockets 88-4084, 89-4092 USA Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, Michele Sindona v George V. Grant,21 March 1980, Nos. 618, 764, Dockets 78-2155, 79-2175, 619 F.2d 167 (178) USA Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, Re Mr. and Mrs. Doe, Witnesses Before the Grand Jury, 6 December 1988, 860 F.2d 430 USA Courts of Appeals, Second Circuit, Muhamed Sacirbey, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Joseph R. Guccione, United States Marshal for the SDNY; Officer Dennis Spitzer, Chief Pretrial Services for the Southern District of New York, Respondents-Appellees, 9 December 2009, Docket Nos. 06-5137-pr (L), 07-0018-pr (con), 589 F.3d 52 USA District Court for the Eastern District of New York, Ancel Vincent Elcock, Petitioner v United States of America, Respondent, 26 January 2000, Civil Action No. CV-99-1757 (DGT), 80 F. Supp. 2d 70 (E.D.N.Y. 2000) USA District Court for the Eastern District of New York, United States of America v Jose Franklin Jurado-Rodriguez and Edgar Alberto Garcia-Montilla, Defendants, No. CR 94-547, 907 F. Supp. 568 (1995) USA District Court for the Southern District of Florida, United States of America v Manuel Antonio Noriega, 8 June 1990, 88-79-CR, 746 F. Supp. 1506 (1990) USA District Court for the Southern District of New York, In the Matter of the Extradition of Sergio Locatelli, a/k/a “Sergio Luigi Locatelli”, a/k/a “Guido Zaccaria”, 6 March 1979, No. 78 Cr. Misc. No. 1 (KTD), 468 F. Supp. 568 (1979) USA District Court, In the Matter of the Extradition of McMullen, 11 May 1979, 3-78-1099 MG Ústavní Soud [Constitutional Court], Czech Republic, V. M. against a decision of the Regional Court in Ostrava of 4 December 2000 (Danger of Torture case),15 April 2003, I. ÚS 752/02 Ustavno sodišče Slovenije [Constitutional Court, Slovenia], Annullment of the second subparagraph of paragraph 2 of article 40 of the Asylum Act (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 61/99), 29 June 2000, Official Gazette RS, No. 66/2000 Table of Cases 653 Cases in Chapter 17

Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación [Supreme Court], Argentina, Julio Héctor Simón y otros v Poder Judicial de la Nación, 14 June 2005, 17.768 S.1767. XXXVIII ICJ, Germany v USA (LaGrand case), 27 June 2001, [2001] ICJ Rep. 466 PCIJ, Treatment of Polish Nationals and Other Persons of Polish Origin or Speech in the Danzig Territory (The Polish Nationals in Danzig case), Advisory Opinion No. 23, 4 February 1932, [1932] PCIJ, Series A/B, No. 44

Cases in Chapter 18

Eastern Division of the Danish High Court, 3rd Chamber, Public Prosecutor v Refik Sarić, 25 November 1994, S-3396-94 Højesteret (Danish Supreme Court), Public Prosecutor v Refik Sarić, 15 August 1995, S-3396-94 IACtHR, Ivcher Bronstein v Peru (Competence), 24 September 1999, Series C, No. 54

Cases in Chapter 19

ACmmHPR, Commission Nationale des Droits de l’Homme et des Libertés v Chad, 11 October 1995, Communication No. 74/92 ECtHR First Section, Kadir Satik and Others v Turkey, 10 October 2000, Application No. 31866/96 ECtHR First Section, Torquil Dick Erikson v Italy, Decision as to Admissibility, 26 October 1999, Application No. 37900/97 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Maşallah Öneryildiz v Turkey, 30 November 2004, Application No. 48939/99 ECtHR Second Section, Hasan İlhan v Turkey, 9 November 2004, Application No. 22494/93 ECtHR Second Section, Sevtap Veznedaroğlu v Turkey, 11 April 2000, Application No. 32357/96 ECtHR, Anton Assenov and Others v Bulgaria, 28 October 1998, Application No. 90/1997/874/1086 ECtHR, Assya Anguelova v Bulgaria, 13 June 2002, Application No. 38361/97 ECtHR, Koçeri Kurt v Turkey, 25 May 1998, Application No. 15/1997/799/1002 ECtHR, Third Section, Carol Ciorcan and Others v Romania, 27 January 2015, Application Nos. 29414/09 and 44841/09 HoL, Regina v Bartle and the Commissioner of the Police for the Metropolis and Others (Appellants) Ex parte Pinochet (Respondent) on Appeal from a Divisional 654 Table of Cases

Court of the Queen’s Bench Division; Regina v Evans and Another and the Commissioner of the Police for the Metropolis and Others (Appellants) Ex parte Pinochet (Respondent) on Appeal from a Divisional Court of the Queen’s Bench Division, Opinion of Lord Slynn of Hadley, 25 November 1998, 37 ILM (1998) 1302 IACtHR, Anstraum Aman Villagrán-Morales et al v Guatemala (Case of the ‘Street Children’), 19 November 1999, Series C, No. 63 IACtHR, Anstraum Aman Villagrán-Morales et al v Guatemala (Case of the ‘Street Children’), Joint Concurring Opinion of Judges Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade, Alirio Abreu Burelli and Manuel E. Ventura-Robles, 19 November 1999, Series C, No. 63 IACtHR, Nicholas Chapman Blake v Guatemala, 24 January 1998, Series C, No. 36 IACtHR, Velásquez-Rodrίguez v Honduras, 29 July 1988, Series C, No. 4 ICC Trial Chamber V(B), Prosecutor v Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, Decision on the Withdrawal of Charges Against Mr. Kenyatta, 13 March 2015, Case No. ICC- 01/09-02/11 ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Belgium), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Christine van den Wyngaert, 14 February 2002, ICJ Rep. 2002, p. 3 ICJ, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Israeli Wall Advisory Opinion), Advisory Opinion, 9 July 2004, ICJ GL No. 131, [2004] ICJ Rep. 136 ICJ, Questions Relating to the Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute (Belgium v Senegal), 20 July 2012, ICJ Rep. 2012, p. 422 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Zejnil Delalić et al., 20 February 2001, Case No. IT-96-21-A ICTY Trial Chamber I, Section A, Prosecutor v Momir Nikolić, 2 December 2003, Case No. IT-02-60/1-S ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v Anto Furundžija, 10 December 1998, Case No. IT-95-17/1-T Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación [Supreme Court], Mexico, Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, Amparo en Revision, 10 June 2003, Case No. 14/2002 USA Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, USA v Omar Mohammed Ali Rezaq, 6 February 1998, 134 F.3d 1121 (D.C. Cir. 1998), 96-3127 USA District Court for the Southern District of New York, USA v Ramzi Ahmed Yousef et al, 29 May 1996, 927 F. Supp. 673 (S.D.N.Y. 1996), S12 93 Cr.180 (KTD) USA District Court, District of Columbia, USA v Fawaz Yunis, 12 February 1988, 681 F. Supp. 896 (D.D.C. 1988) Crim. A No. 87-0377 Table of Cases 655 Cases in Chapter 20

IACtHR, Velásquez-Rodrίguez v Honduras, 29 July 1988, Series C, No. 4 ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I, Situation in the DRC, Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest,10 February 2006, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, ICTY Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995, Case No. IT-94-1-AR72

Cases in Chapter 21

ECJ, Győrgy Katz v István Roland Sós (Opinion of AG Kokott), 10 July 2008, Case C-404/07 ECtHR Grand Chamber, Patricia Armani da Silva v UK, 30 March 2016, Application No. 5878/08 ECtHR Third Section, Anton Shestopalov v Russia, 28 March 2017, Application No. 46248/07 ICJ, Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v France), 20 December 1974, ICJ Rep 1974, p. 253 ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v Duško Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995, Case No. IT-94-1 ICTY Trial Chamber II, Prosecutor v Tihomir Blaškić, Decision on the Objection of the Republic of Croatia to the Issuance of Subpoena Duces Tecum, 18 July 1997, Case No. IT-95-14 PCIJ Twelfth Ordinary Session, Case of S.S. Lotus (France v Turkey), 7 September 1927, PCIJ Series A, No. 10

Cases in Chapter 23

Appeal Court, High Court of Justiciary, Scotland, Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahi v Her Majesty’s Advocate, 14 March 2002, C/104/01 HRC, Summary Record of the 1519th Meeting: Perú, Fifty-seventh session, U.N. Doc., CCPR/C/SR.1519 Tribunal of First Instance, Brussels (Investigating Magistrate Damien Vandermeersch), re Pinochet, 8 November 1998 Index

A Acquired rights, 338, 426 A and Others (Appellants), 493, 647 Acquittal, 233, 235, 247, 248, 256, 261, 455, ABA, 343 476, 477, 483, 484, 493 Abass, 274, 284, 285 Across-the-board exemption, 460 Abduction and kidnapping of children, 486 Actio criminalis popularis, 347 Abdulaye Yerodia Ndombasi et al, 348, 633 Actio popularis, 584, 593 Abi-Saab, 24 Active nationality principle, 330 Abolitionist movement, 511 Act of war, 102 Abolitionist States, 427, 514 Acts of aggression, 105 Abolition of the death penalty, 427, 510, 511 Acts of mutilation, 458 Absence of international protest, 340 Actus reus, 65, 90, 91, 101, 119 Absolute immunity, 518, 520 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 21 Absolute political offence, 439 Additional Protocol, 103, 440, 487 Absolute universal jurisdiction, 340, 359 Additional Protocol 1975, 440 Abu-Bakr al-Siddiq Battalion, 158 Additional Protocol II, 129 Abu Hawsher, 474 Additional State Parties, 105 Abuja, 362 Ad hoc international criminal tribunals, 33 Abu Omar, 530, 641 Ad hoc tribunals, 16–19, 125, 127, 148–150, Abu Qatada, 474, 644 152–154, 167, 168, 172, 173, 176, 189, Abuse of process, 212, 248, 256–260, 195, 570, 613 262–265, 277, 278, 296, 343, 419, 468, Adjustment of a life sentence, 501, 502 627, 630 Administrative considerations, 608 Abuse of process doctrine, 557 Administrative proceedings, 481 Academics, 582 Admissibility procedure, 606 Accessory obligations, 575 Admissibility proceedings, 591 Access to justice, 328, 385, 386, 571, 574, 589, Admissibility test, 174, 178, 184, 336, 478, 593, 605 483, 594, 608 Accomplices, 600 Admissibility threshold, 46 Accountability, 584 Adolf Eichmann, 334, 359, 638 Achille Lauro, 103 Adversarial criminal justice system, 373 Achour, 500, 501 Adversarial proceedings, 384 ACHPR, 384, 426, 436, 444 Adverse inference, 185 ACJHR, 34 Advisory opinion, 571, 654 ACmmHPR, 467, 514 Advocaten voor de Wereld, 450–452, 643 Acquaviva, 370, 371 ADX Florence, 496, 502

© T.M.C. ASSER PRESS and the author 2019 657 C. Soler, The Global Prosecution of Core Crimes under International Law, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-335-1 658 Index

Affaire Aylor, 427, 640 Aloys, 506, 651 Affaire Grande Stevens, 481, 645 Al Qaeda, 505 Afghanistan, 293, 607, 630 Al-Senussi, 217, 224–229, 231, 237, 239, 240, Africa, 34, 127 250–252, 626–628 African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Al-Skeini and Others v UK, 34, 620 Rights, 426, 514 Alternative duty to prosecute, 355 African Criminal Court, 34, 120 Alternative enforcement measures, 313 African Head of State, 607 Alternative obligation, 324, 354, 355, 405 African National Congress, 21 Altman, 64 African Pinochet, 359 Ambach, 189 African States, 21, 607 Ambiguities, 590 Afro-centrist objections, 20 Ambos, 126, 134, 171, 190 Agathe Habyarimana née Kanziga, 367, 632 American double jeopardy standards, 343 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 614 American forces, 293 Agents of the State, 385 American prosecutions, 352 Age of criminal of responsibility, 457 American Servicemembers’ Protection Act, AG General Ruiz Jarabo Colomer, 488 295 Aggravated abduction, 463 Amnesia, 454 Aggravated form of inhuman treatment, 495 Amnesties, 135, 193, 222, 243, 246, 418, 419, Aggravated responsibility, 106, 111, 112, 131, 428, 434, 454–466, 481, 490, 492, 583, 134 589, 650 Aggression, 44, 104, 105 Amnesty laws, 552, 570, 572 Aggrieved State, 355, 360 Amneus, 70, 74, 76 Aguilar Diaz et al. v Pinochet, 340, 341, 638 Amsterdam Court of Appeals, 341 Ahmatasevic, 449, 642 Amsterdam Treaty, 241 Ahmen An-Na’im, 513 Analogical interpretation, 325 Ahorugeze, 374, 472, 474, 634, 643, 647 Analytical interpretation, 591 AIDP, 9 Ancillary obligations, 575, 576 Aircraft, 499 Angel of death, 380 Air piracy, 354 Anglo-American Incidence Test, 438 Akande, 245, 249, 250, 260, 267, 270–272, Anglo-Indian Extradition Treaty, 446 277, 280–283, 286–289, 291 Anglo-USA Supplementary Extradition Treaty, Akehurst, 194 443 Akhavan, 229, 240 Angola, 44, 454 Aksenova, 225, 227 Anguelova, 387 Al-Adsani, 331, 634 Anonima Sarda, 349 Al-Ajami Al-Atiri, 158 Anstraum Aman Villagrán-Morales et al v Al Bashir, 65, 90, 92, 169, 186, 187, 199, 458, Guatemala, 385, 569, 636, 654 607, 620, 621, 624, 625 Antelope case, 138 Alecos Modinos v Cyprus, 383, 634 Anti-Balaka, 128 Alemu, 482, 499, 508 Anticipatory measures, 72, 73 Al Fawwaz, 496, 647 Anti-terrorist convention, 357 Algeria, 436, 454, 519 Anto Furundžija, 321, 637 Al-Hamasher, 474 Anton Assenov and Others v Bulgaria, 387, Alibi, 454 634, 653 Alien Tort Claims Act, 529 Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade, Judge, Ali Rezaq, 354 426 Ali Wahid, 504, 650 Anya Velikova v Bulgaria, 387, 634 Al-Jedda v UK, 34, 619 Apartheid, 424, 441 Allegations of ill-treatment, 381 Apartheid Convention, 177, 441 Al Megrahi, 612, 655 Applicable procedures, 313 Al-Moayad, 469, 474, 476, 494, 643 Application of the Convention on the Almonacid-Arellano, 478, 482, 483, 648 Prevention and Punishment of the Al Nashiri, 507, 508, 645 Crime of Genocide, 326, 636 Index 659

Application of the Convention on the Arson, 439 Prevention and Punishment of the Article 98 agreements, 293 Crime of Genocide (BiH v Serbia and Asian dissent, 607 Montenegro), 113, 177, 622, 625 Asian States, 607 Application of the Convention on the ASP, 45, 100, 104, 185–190, 199, 532, 564 Prevention and Punishment of the ASP prerogatives, 187 Crime of Genocide (Croatia v Serbia), Assenov, 387 622 Assertion of universal jurisdiction, 344, 351 Appropriate basis, 181, 195 Assessment in abstracto, 454 Arab Charter on Human Rights, 345 Assessment in concreto, 453 Arab League Agreement, 432 Assize Court, 421, 501, 502, 640 Arab State, 187 Association des Victimes des Crimes et Arancibia Clavel, Enrique Lautaro Homicidio Répressions Politiques au Tchad Calificado y Asociación Ilicita y Otros, (AVCRP) et al. v Hissène Habré, 330, 383, 633 633 Aranyosi and Caldararu, 498 Assurances, 417, 427, 475, 498, 512–514, 565 Arbiter, 167, 197, 591 Assya Anguelova v Bulgaria, 387, 634, 653 Arbitrary arrest, 460 Asylum seeker, 368, 448, 467, 516, 576 Arbitrary decisions, 349 Attempted coup d’état, 439 Arbitrary detentions, 259, 379 Attorney-General, 421, 501, 508, 510, 514, Arbour, Judge, 175 524, 530, 646, 650, 651 Area of freedom, security and justice, 377 Attorney General of the USA, 346 Arendt, 74–76 AU, 361, 362, 371, 612 Argentina, 71, 191, 356, 359, 364, 376, 380, AU Commission, 363 382, 383, 454, 456, 464, 486, 506, 532, Audi alteram partem, 384 633, 640, 641, 646, 648 Audiencia Nacional, 335, 363, 364, 367, 423, Argentina junta trials, 366 455, 520, 521, 632, 640 Argentine Constitution, 71 AU member States, 607 Argentine intelligence officer, 379 AU Resolution, 279 Argentinian national legislation, 552 AU statement, 20 Argentinian Supreme Court, 552 Australia, 102, 191, 326, 360, 371, 431, 450, Argentinian Supreme Court of Justice, 461 453, 499, 516, 607, 647 Arklöf, 360, 638 Australia legislation, 326, 360 Armani da Silva v UK, 593, 655 Australian citizenship, 430, 431 Armas, 435, 648 AU strategy, 20 Armed actors, 48 Austria, 607 Armed conflict, 101–103, 124, 127–129, 138, Austrians, 558 440, 494, 512 Austrian Supreme Court, 334 Armed opposition groups, 44, 570 Aut dedere aut judicare, 12, 23, 42, 51, 77, 80, Armenia, 67, 382, 510 120–123, 153, 174, 216, 251, 290, Army Captain Ely Ould Dah, 498 320–325, 327, 328, 331, 332, 334, Arnold, 103, 104 337–339, 341, 348, 350, 351, 355–358, Arrangements, 181, 189, 200 361, 367–373, 377, 379, 380, 386, 388, Arrest, 16–19, 21, 212–214, 216, 217, 219, 405, 407, 412, 413, 552, 557–559, 223, 229, 232, 247, 249, 250, 255, 256, 565–568, 574, 582, 605, 613 258–261, 263, 264, 266, 269–272, 274, Aut dedere aut judicare model, 251 276–278, 283, 285, 287–290, 292, 313, Aut dedere aut judicare rule, 424, 425, 447, 434, 450, 455, 482, 520, 619, 627–631 459, 471, 497, 527, 528 Arrest warrant, 313, 428, 429, 432, 433, 444, Aut dedere aut prosequi, 321 449, 452, 519, 520, 523, 532, 640, 642, Aut dedere aut transferre, 370, 371, 380, 612 649 Authoritative evidence, 9 Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000, 349, 636 Authoritative source, 215 Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v Authorization, 593 Belgium), 573, 654 Auto-deligitimization, 327 660 Index

Auto-delegitimization process, 327 Belgium, 421, 441, 452, 483, 504, 505, 520, Automatic firearm, 446 530, 532, 605, 607, 642–644 Autopsy, 12 Belgium’s universal jurisdiction law, 360 Autrefois acquit, 477 Belgium v Senegal, 324, 361, 369, 620, 636 Autrefois convict, 490 Belgium v Spain, 324, 636 Aventi diritto, 337 Belgrade, 468 Avocats Sans Frontières, 375 Bellelli, 173 Avoidance techniques, 427 Bemba, 247, 248, 277, 627, 630 Azerbaijan, 382 Bemba Gombo, 94–96 Benelux State, 421 B Benelux Treaty on Extradition and Mutual Baader-Meinhof, 443, 646 Assistance in Criminal Matters, 428 Babar Ahmad, 502, 503, 644 Benin, 20 Bachmaier, 487, 645 Bensouda three, 217 Bakker, 461 Benzig, 295 Balance, 443, 444, 486, 515, 517, 525, 529, Bergsmo, 221, 242 583 Berlin Wall, 42 Balance of probabilities, 114 Bernard, 234, 242, 252 Balkan States, 67 Bernard Ntuyahaga, 326, 636 Balkan wars, 558 Bianchi, 113, 524 Bamber, 499, 500 Biased trials, 438 Bangladesh Liberation War, 423 Bignone, 506, 532, 640, 646 Bantekas, 525, 571, 589 BiH tribunals, 36 Barayagwiza, 154, 157, 261, 262, 623, 630, BiH v Serbia and Montenegro, 77, 82, 326, 631 356, 620, 636 Barbie, 352, 423, 633, 642 Bilateral agreements, 608 Barcelona Traction case, 330, 331, 337, 338, Bilateral extradition treaties, 322 343, 347 Bilateral immunity agreements, 292–295 Bargain, 590 Bilateral treaties, 404, 408 Barriers, 583 Binding obligation, 323, 331 Barrios Altos, 428, 457, 461, 648 Binding precedent, 215 Barrios Altos massacre, 428 Binding rule, 345 Bar to extradition, 355 Bingham, Lord, 493, 497, 498, 647 Bary, 496, 647 Blagojević, 93, 622 Basebya, 431, 642 Blake, 385, 636 Basic Principles and Guidelines, 571 Blanket amnesties, 245 Basque separatists, 445 Blaškić, 18, 148, 519, 524, 592, 619, 623, 649, Bassiouni, 5, 9, 46, 98, 119, 120, 131, 133, 655 321, 322, 324, 329, 338, 339, 341, 344, Blaškić Appeals Chamber ruling, 312 349, 365, 378, 419, 422, 424, 437, 449, Blaškić subpoena duces tecum case, 591 451, 453, 476, 513, 565, 567, 571, 572, Blatant human rights violation, 222 584, 605, 614 Bo, 230, 240 Basson, 454, 485, 641 Bobigny, 327 Bautista de Arellana, 457, 648 Bodily harm, 339 Bautista de Arellana v Colombia, 381, 635 Boister, 33, 119–121, 123, 130, 131, 136, 428, Bavarian Oberlandesgericht, 346 449, 452–454, 506, 513 Beast of Bolzano, 348 Bolivia, 376, 383, 638 Becker, 357 Boman, 482, 645 Bekou, 171, 196, 252, 264 Bomb, 446 Belarus, 510, 640 Bombers, 447 Belfast, 445 Bombings, 103 Belgian Government, 154, 421, 489 Bona fide prosecution, 606 Belgian laws, 358 Bonello, Judge, 473 Borelli, 419, 437, 448, 449, 453, 454, 511 Index 661

Borrego Borrego, Judge, 502, 644 Canadian Crimes Against Humanity and War Borsellino, Prosecuting Magistrate and Judge, Crimes Act, 349 350 Cançado Trindade, 426, 457 Boškoski & Tarčulovski, 128 Capacity building, 598 Bottini, 344 Capacity-oriented approach, 98 Bouche de la loi, 590 Capital murder charge, 508 Boulevard Voltaire, 103 Capital offence, 427 Bouterse, 341, 348, 523, 532, 642 Capital punishment, 427, 508, 511–514 Bovensmilde incident, 444 CAR, 248, 265, 277, 627, 630 Boycott, 293 Caracas, 376 Braber, 102, 126–129 CAR authorities, 248, 265 Bratza, Judge, 473 Camorra, 349 Brazil, 376 Campo de Mayo, 506, 640, 646 Brazzaville Beach case, 525, 642 Camp Zeist, 371, 612 British Colonial Rule, 423 Carol Ciorcan and Others v Romania, 382, British journalists, 377 575, 634, 653 British Officer, 445 CAR Special Criminal Court, 598 British political incidence theory, 438 Case-by-case basis, 441, 510 British political scientists, 377 Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Brown, 557, 558, 588, 589, 591 Activities in and Against Nicaragua, Brown aka Bajinja, 472, 646 345, 636 Browne-Wilkinson, Lord, 289, 291, 527, 529 Case Concerning Questions of Interpretation Brownlie, 9, 594 and Application of the 1971 Montreal Budapest, 437 Convention Arising from the Aerial Buenos Aires, 486, 499, 506, 640, 646 Incident at Lockerbie, Request for the Buenos Aires Appeals Court, 486 Indication of Provisional Measures, Buenos Aires Criminal Tribunal, 380 321, 636 Buenos Aires Federal Criminal Court, 620 Case of the Street Children, 385, 569, 636 Buergenthal, 606 Cassese, 4, 19, 21, 126, 130, 134, 137, 168, Buergenthal, Judge, 523, 649 172, 191, 199, 267, 269, 270, 322, 323, Buk installation, 371 349, 351, 353, 430, 461, 469, 489, 493, Bulgaria, 329, 387 520, 521, 526, 613 Bundersverfassungsgericht, 467 Cassese, Judge, 191 Burden sharing, 613 Castioni, 438, 642 Burden shifting exercise, 312 Castro Ruz, 521, 640 Bureau of the ASP, 188 CAT, 137, 180, 181, 324, 330, 335, 337, 346, Burens, 330, 335–337 348, 358, 360–362, 369, 387, 459, 464, Burns, 98, 513, 650 494, 496, 527–529, 569, 574, 638 Burundi, 20, 607 Catalyst, 264 Bush Six case, 346, 637 Catalyst for compliance, 22, 606 Bustamante, 526 Catch-22 situation, 494 BWCC, 7 Category one génocidaires, 373 Bystander States, 330, 568, 572, 608 Category one rape cases, 375 Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in C Zimbabwe, 510, 651 Caal-Sandoval, 572 Cause of criminalization, 129 Café Bonne Bière, 103 Cavallo, 379, 380, 383, 424, 566, 650, 654 California prisons, 495 Cavallo, Judge, 620 Cambodia, 607 Čelebići case, 325, 566, 637 Canada, 102, 348, 349, 357, 358, 360, 367, Central African Republic, 94, 128, 248, 265, 369, 382, 441, 446, 470, 485, 490, 499, 277, 598 510, 511, 513, 514, 605, 607, 633, 635, Central American desaparecidos, 376 648, 650 Central Court for Preliminary Criminal Canada’s universal jurisdiction, 349 Proceedings, 346, 637 662 Index

Cessation of hostilities, 600 Collective countermeasures, 188 Chad, 186, 274, 283, 286, 362, 363 Collective security, 62, 70 Chadian Truth Commission, 359 Collective subsidiary responsibility, 577 Chahal, 497, 644 Colombia, 44, 47, 48, 376, 383, 601, 633 Challenge of admissibility, 212 Colombian armed conflict, 48 Chambre de mises en accusation, 348, 349, Colombian drug cartels, 349 632 Colombian electorate, 465 Chapeau offence, 370 Colombian Senate, 613 Chapter VII enforcement mechanisms, 172 Colombian State Council, 383, 632 Chapter VII powers, 184 Comité Juridique (COJUR) ICC Working Characterized infringement, 190 Group of the Council of the EU, 178 Charter of Fundamental Rights, 479, 498 Commission Nationale des Droits de l’Homme Charter of Paris for a New Europe, 426 et des Libertés v Chad, 569, 653 Chechnyan former Deputy Prime Minister, 507 Commission on Human Rights Working Chemical weapons, 54, 55 Group, 358 Chief prosecuting officer of the State, 383 Committee against Torture, 463, 494, 496, 640 Chile, 335, 376, 383, 421, 428, 454, 455, 463, Common denominator, 9, 42, 118, 125, 129, 478, 482, 483, 527, 633, 640, 641, 648 153, 236, 388 Chilean Supreme Court, 428 Common European Policy, 489 Chili Komitee Nederland v Pinochet, 348, 633, Common law, 243, 247, 257, 353, 363 638 Common law countries, 432, 490 China, 199, 293, 607 Common law jurisdictions, 485 Chinese officials, 367 Commonwealth member State, 353 Chinese Request, 508 Commonwealth Scheme for the Rendition of Chipana, 494, 497, 640 Fugitive Offenders, 436 Chisanga, 513, 648 Communal justice, 372 Chlorine gas, 55 Communitarian principle, 322 Chui, 94, 96, 621 Communitarian regime, 332, 381 CIA officers, 293 Community of courts, 153, 595 Ciorcan, 382, 634 Comparative criminal law, 591 Circumstantial evidence, 91 Compensation, 613 CISA, 479, 481, 483, 484 Compétence de la compétence, 588 Civil Actions, 518 Compétence de la compétence doctrine, 558 Civil law countries, 432, 448, 558 Competent authorities, 321, 353, 361, 381, Civil Proceedings, 455, 472 382, 387 Civil society, 366 Competing values, 368 Civitas maxima, 62, 66, 131 Complaints, 591 Clark, 376 Complementarity, 61, 78, 79, 153, 154, 156, Clemency, 425, 456 159, 160, 168, 170, 171, 173–175, 178, Coalition pour la Défense de la République, 179, 181, 188, 189, 193, 333, 336, 365, 431 558, 565, 598, 600, 605, 606 Cockayne, 155 Complementarity facet, 233, 237 Code Napoléon, 353 Complementarity principle, 22, 216, 218, 236, Code of Penal Procedure, 348 242, 249, 516 Code Pénal, 382 Complementarity regime, 314 Codification of criminal law, 388 Complementarity test, 224 Codification of the law of treaties, 338 Complementary universal jurisdiction, 325 CoE, 33, 34, 353, 433, 480, 481, 645 Compliance Committee, 190, 564 CoE Member State, 499, 510 Complicity, 606 CoE treaties, 354 Complicity in genocide, 115 COJUR-ICC Working Group, 428, 607 Compromise, 195 COJUR (Public International Law) Working Compromise agreement, 465 Group, 608 Concept of international community, 48 Collection of evidence, 599, 601 Concerned States, 194 Index 663

Concerted action, 259, 260 Contemporary international criminal law, 325, Concession in sentencing, 465 343, 370 Concours idéal d’infractions, 486 Contempt, 589 Concrete and real threat, 92 Contested values, 271 Concurrence facet, 233 Contextual elements, 43–46, 90, 92, 94, 95, 97 Concurrent jurisdiction, 113 Continental law, 353 Concurrent State obligations, 551 Continental Shelf case, 412, 639 Concurrent universal jurisdiction, 359 Continuing obligation, 113 Conditional duty, 607 Contreras, 572 Conditional extradition, 427 Conventional international law, 322, 345, 350, Confession, 255, 260, 262, 263, 373, 374 404, 408, 412, 605 Confirmation of charges hearing, 265 Conventional rights, 583 Conflicting interest, 583 Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Conflict of interest, 60 Bombings, 441, 447 Conflicts, 127, 129, 192, 251, 272, 283, 287, Convention for the Suppression of the 293, 339, 368, 553 Financing of Terrorism, 441, 447 Conflicts of jurisdiction, 367 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Conforti, 24, 98 Acts against the Safety of Civil Congo, 463 Aviation, 446, 447 Connected crime, 439 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Connelly principles, 485 Acts against the Safety of Maritime Connivance of State power, 327 Navigation, 447 Conseil d’Etat, 427, 445, 640 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Consensus, 412 Seizure of Aircraft, 353, 446, 447, 491 Consequential characteristic, 112 Convention on the non-Applicability of Consequentialist approach, 150 Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Consequential rights, 426 Crimes Against Humanity, 611 Constitution, 222, 274, 291, 426, 467, 491, Convention on the Physical Protection of 493, 501, 640 Nuclear Material, 447 Constitutional Court, 335, 364, 365, 381, 383, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment 558, 604, 632, 633 of Crimes against Internationally Constitutional Court of South Africa, 454 Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, Agents, 447, 520 652 Convention Relating to Extradition Between Constitutional formula, 355 Member States, 421 Constitutionalism, 582 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Constitutionalization of international law, 582 448, 515 Constitutional law, 404, 435 Convict, 425, 444, 468, 477, 511, 513, 527 Constitutionally-entrenched human rights, 436 Conviction, 222, 223, 226, 227, 235, 240, 245, Constitutional norms, 332 248, 256, 296, 297, 421, 425, 428, 431, Constitutional prohibitions against extraditing 455, 456, 464, 470, 473, 477, 485, 486, nationals, 433 490, 505, 508, 510, 518, 558 Constitutional provisions, 382 Cooperate fully, 182, 279, 287 Constitutional reference, 495 Cooperation, 211–216, 246, 250, 255, 256, Constitutional reform, 613 258, 266, 267, 270, 272, 274, 279, 284, Constitutive elements, 237, 240, 241, 251, 430, 286, 292–296, 312, 313, 583, 628, 629 450, 452, 453, 486, 487 Cooperation in criminal matters, 441 Constitutive instruments, 557, 588 Coordinated community of courts, 599 Consuelo, 456, 648 Core principle, 273 Consuetudo, 427 Corpus juris, 479, 515, 583 Consultation, 255, 256, 263 Corpus Juris Civilis, 353 Consultative cooperation, 599 Corpus juris criminalis, 377 Container-type concept, 119 Corpus juris of extradition, 150 Corpus juris relating to extradition, 408 664 Index

Correlative collective duty, 76 Crystallization of customary international law, Correlative individual right of action, 572 313 Correlative right, 327 Culpable wrongdoing, 384 Corresponding obligation, 381, 385 Cultural denominator, 388 Corresponding obligation to investigate, 381, Cultural relativism, 512 385 Culture of impunity, 376 Corrosive effect, 120 Custodial jurisdiction, 4, 330, 333, 413, 600, Corruption, 421 607, 614 Corte Constitucional, Sala Plena, 383, 633 Custodial State, 212, 259, 260, 264, 279–281, Corte Costituzionale Italiana, 488, 641 324, 333, 347, 348, 350, 353, 355, 356, Corte di Cassazione, 523, 524, 529, 530, 641 459, 460, 478, 483, 556, 557, 566, 605 Cosmopolitan values, 121, 131 Custodial universal jurisdiction, 573 Costa Rica, 360, 376 Customary international law, 8, 9, 64, 76, 91, Côte d’Ivoire, 160, 217, 220, 228, 239, 623, 98, 104, 120, 127, 130, 131, 136, 151, 628, 629 153, 166, 167, 177, 179, 245, 246, Council of the EU, 607, 608 270–272, 274, 275, 277, 283, 285, 286, Counterfeiting, 421 288, 290, 296, 297, 321, 323–326, 330, Cour d’Assises, 327, 633 331, 333–335, 337–341, 345, 347, 349, Cour de Cassation, 328, 348, 352, 457, 485, 350, 359, 361, 366, 368, 378, 404, 412, 498, 520, 521, 525, 530, 633, 642 413, 420, 422–424, 428, 443, 450, Crawford, 129 459–461, 463, 469–471, 473, 489, 508, CREMS, 421, 432, 443, 444 518, 520–523, 525, 526, 528, 532, 552, Crime control, 418 565–568, 573–575, 590, 605–607, 611 Crime of State, 44 Customary International Law human rights Crimes against humanity, 11, 44, 52, 55, 63, exception to immunities, 519 69–71, 93–97, 99, 100, 102, 158, 324, Customary law argument, 268, 285 325, 340–342, 349, 358, 360, 362, 364, Customary norms, 412 365, 380, 381, 385, 404, 422, 423, 427, Customary obligation, 321, 323, 330 428, 430, 440, 441, 446, 457, 463, 499, Customary right, 321 504, 506, 516, 523, 525, 528, 532, 557, Customary rule of extradition law, 419 605, 611, 612, 614 Cvjetković, 558 Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Cybercrime, 370, 421 Act, 324, 342, 362, 365 Cypriot Constitutional provision, 432 Crimes against public order, 439 Cypriot law, 501 Crimes committed abroad, 613 Cypriot Supreme Court, 432 Crimes jure gentium, 445 Cyprus, 432, 433, 500–502, 642, 644, 645 Criminal action, 611 Cyprus v Turkey, 385, 634 Criminal acts, 524 Czech citizens, 435 Criminal code, 594 Czech Constitutional Court, 435 Criminalization of modes of conduct, 118 Czech Republic, 435, 496, 652 Criminal justice, 594, 595 Czestochowa Regional Court, 433, 647 Criminal law provisions, 388 Criminal liability, 422, 450, 452, 493, 600 D Criminal networks based in Italy, 349 Dabas, 435, 648 Criminal policy, 465, 524 Daesh, 72, 78, 102 Criminal Proceedings Against Maria Pupino, Daesh commander, 576 379, 634 Daesh militants, 600 Croatia, 18, 321, 360, 439, 454, 457, 458, 465, Dakar Regional Court, 362 482, 483, 519, 619, 637, 644, 647, 649 Damache, 506, 647 Cross-border dimension, 378 D’Amato, 341 Cross-fertilization, 23, 600 Daniel Monguya Mbenge v Zaire, 349, 635 Cross-fertilization of courts and tribunals, 565 Danish citizens, 429 Cross-frontier crime, 465 Danish Constitution, 429 Cryer, 347, 348, 351, 381, 527, 530 Danish Genocide Act, 469 Index 665

Danish law, 469 Denmark, 429, 430, 441, 444, 455, 469, 558, Danish nationals, 438 607, 644, 647 Danish Supreme Court, 469 Depoliticizing formula, 437, 441 Daqun, 233 Deportation, 368, 369 Dar Es Salaam, 496 Depositions, 608 Darfur, 157, 169, 186, 187, 191, 196, 624, 625 Derecho al derecho, 457 Dayton, Ohio, 17 Derg crimes, 36 Dayton Peace Agreement, 17 Derg officials, 508 Dead letter, 322 Desaparecidos, 569 Dean, 404, 405 De Serpa Soares, 46 Death, 437, 465, 476, 482, 502, 508, 510, 513, Desideratum, 589 514, 610, 614, 640 Detention, 229, 230, 243, 258–262, 264, 627 Death by firing squad, 158 Determination of a criminal charge, 455 Death flights, 499 Deterrence, 78, 329, 589 Death penalty, 131, 226, 229, 234, 328, 349, Detrimental effects, 329 368, 418, 427, 464, 465, 476, 507–515 Devoir, 565 Death row, 418, 507–511 De Waal, 458 Death sentence, 417, 509 Diabolica probatio, 469 Deber, 565 Dialectical relationship, 557 Decentralization, 614 Dicta, 215, 221, 258 De Brouwer, 372, 373, 376, 377 Dictates of public conscience, 469, 528 Decentralization of prosecutions, 614 Dictum, 338, 342, 343, 345, 362, 386 Decision on Challenge to Jurisdiction Lomé Different charges, 486 Accord Amnesty, 321, 638 Differential treatment, 187, 438 Decision on Jordan’s non-compliance, 286, Different modes of liability, 114 287, 630 Difficult to convict, 226, 229 Decision on South Africa’s non-compliance, DiFilippo, 98 271, 286, 629 Dignity, 337, 376 Declaratory function, 594 Dilemma, 327 Declaratory judgments, 594 DINA, 463 Dedere limb, 405–407 Diplomacy, 584 Dédoublement fonctionnel, 323 Diplomatic channels, 216, 263 Deen-Racsmany, 428, 430, 432, 435, 436, 448 Diplomatic immunities, 418 De facto regime, 100, 105 Diplomatic privileges, 418, 528 Defaulting State, 188–190, 199, 200, 332, 564, Diplomatic privileges and immunities, 212, 567 265, 267, 269, 270, 274, 280, 418, 518, Default mechanism, 330 528 Defence lawyers, 159, 374 Diplomatic rows, 477 Deferral, 192 Diplomatic ties, 512 Definition, 124–127, 132, 134, 137 Direct criminalization theory, 50 Definition of a refugee, 516 Direct enforcement model, 5 De Guzman, 48, 49 Direct enforcement system, 22 De Hoogh, 327, 331 Direct injury, 130 Delalić et al., 325, 567, 637, 654 Director of public prosecutions, 383 Delegated universal jurisdiction, 340 Director of Public Prosecutions v T, 483 Delictual act, 114 Dirty War, 506 Delictum iuris gentium, 323 Disappearances, 460 Delitos contra los deberes de humanidad, 365 Disappeared, 486 de Marco, 332 Discharge, 590 Demjanjuk, 359 Discontinue criminal proceedings, 592 Democratization, 156, 246, 267, 459 Discount in sentencing, 465 Democratization process, 454, 512 Discretionary ground for refusal, 513 Denationalization of the administration of Discretionary nature, 405 criminal justice, 290 666 Index

Discretionary sentence of life imprisonment, Double criminality, 417, 427, 435, 448–454, 503 492, 564 Discrimination clause, 438 Double criminality requirement, 435, 448, Disinteressement in cooperation, 435 450–452 Disjunctive conception, 354 Double criminality rule, 418, 448–453 Disobedience of a direct order, 436 Double criminality rule in concreto, 453 Disproportionate sentence, 503 Double criminality verification, 434, 450 Dispute settlement method, 188 Double-edged sword, 583 District Court for the District of Columbia, Double jeopardy, 232, 235, 236, 342, 367, 419, 339, 567, 639, 654 477, 481, 483, 485, 489, 491, 492 District Court of The Hague, 431, 642 Double punishability, 449 Division of labour, 312, 613 Double punishment, 477 Djajic, 346, 632 Dougoz v Greece, 369, 634 Djamel Ameziane v USA, 347, 635 Draft code of crimes against the peace and Djibouti v France, 522, 525, 649 security of mankind, 353 Doctoral thesis, 614 Draft Code of Offences Against the Peace and Doctrine de gravité, 438 Security of Mankind, 426, 528 Doctrine of implied powers, 558 Dragan Nikolić, 359, 637 Doctrine of separation of powers, 512 DRC, 16, 24, 127, 128, 169, 170, 181, 186, Doe, 524, 526, 530, 651, 652 197, 213, 216, 217, 219, 220, 234, 243, Doherty, 445, 652 247, 248, 259, 260, 266, 269, 279, 286, Dolus eventualis, 119 290, 619, 623–625, 627–630 Dolus specialis, 65, 91–93 DRC v Belgium, 349, 350, 361, 519, 523, 532, Dombo Beheer BV v The Netherlands, 472, 645 636, 649 Domesticated international courts, 36 DRC v Rwanda, 91, 621 Domestication of international criminal law, Droit d’ingérence, 61 22, 614 Drugs formula, 355 Domestic barriers to surrender, 312 Drug trafficking, 44, 121, 122 Domestic corpus juris, 227 Drumbl, 267, 277, 284 Domestic courts, 412, 588, 591, 592, 595, 604, Dual citizen, 430 611, 613 Dual criminality, 296, 436, 448, 452 Domestic crimes, 112, 118, 119, 129–133, 138 Dualism, 611 Domestic criminal court, 7–9, 24 Due diligence, 383, 417 Domestic criminalization, 121 Due process, 221, 224–227, 230, 231, Domestic criminal justice systems, 583, 598 233–235, 242, 254, 258, 265, 343, 372 Domestic default, 599 Due process guarantees, 384, 473, 478, 482 Domestic human rights law, 134, 224 Due process rights, 223, 227, 231, 256, 424, Domestic jurisdiction, 612 468, 471, 472, 477, 478 Domestic justice, 612 Due process safeguards, 444, 511 Domestic law, 224, 227, 228, 259, 274, 290 Due process theory, 225 Domestic legal order, 611 Due process violations, 226 Domestic legislation, 565 Dugard, 270, 341, 424, 426, 427, 432, 449, Domestic legislative bodies, 592 454, 461, 467, 468, 471, 494, 508, 510, Domestic police crimes unit, 576 511 Domestic political squabbles, 598 Dujail trial, 158 Domestic politics, 465 Dungveckis, 482, 645 Domestic proceedings, 220, 222, 224, 225, Du Plessis, 270, 272, 283, 287, 520 227, 237, 242, 249 Duration of the treatment, 503 Domestic prosecutions, 32, 557, 558 Duško Cvjetković, 334, 638 Domestic remedies, 227, 230 Duško Tadić, 325, 637 Domino effect, 508, 514, 589 Dutch Constitution, 341 Donald Trump, 292 Dutch Court, 499 Dos Erres massacre, 364 Dutch jurist, 322 Dutch Law, 506 Index 667

Dutch Supreme Court, 341 Effects of the crime, 356 Duty in status nascendi, 614 Egregious crime, 613 Duty of the territorial State, 566, 569 Egregious violation, 262 Duty to cooperate, 149, 152, 177, 180, 197, Egypt, 199 198, 286 Eichmann, 334, 359 Duty to intervene, 72, 73 Einarsen, 42, 43, 134–136 Duty to investigate, 381, 382, 388, 583 Einhorn, 474, 500 Duty to prevent, 566 Einsatzgruppen case, 352, 637 Duty to prosecute, 339, 344, 355, 381–383, Ejusdem generis, 48 388, 406, 566–569, 571–574, 576, 577, Electrocution, 514 590, 607 El Salvador, 376, 454, 457, 648 Duty to submit to prosecution, 590, 592 Elvir Javor et al. contre X, Arrêt (Rejet du Dyer, 428 pourvoi), 348, 633 Dynamic interaction, 388 El Zeidy, 216, 219–222, 225, 230, 236, 242, Dynamic interpretation, 590 245, 246, 273 Embassy of the Republic of Malta in The E Hague, 158 EAC, 362, 363, 612 Embodiment of willingness, 222 Ease to convict, 227 Encroachment on the ASP, 187 Eastern Ukraine, 371 Enforced disappearance of persons, 326, 385 East Timor, 36 Enforced disappearances, 464, 569, 573 East Timor case, 331, 636 Enforcement, 320, 322, 325–327, 336, 351, East Timor Special Panels for Serious Crimes, 362, 363, 365, 370, 380 7, 152, 598 Enforcement mechanism, 5 East Timorese citizen, 347 Enforcement spectrum, 600 EAW, 123, 151, 377, 429, 430, 432–436, 448, England and Wales, 382 450–453, 457, 468, 470, 483, 484, 498, English High Court, 471 552 Enslavement, 123–125 ECCC, 7, 35, 36, 152, 612 Enumerative method, 451 ECE, 419–422, 428, 430, 436, 438, 440, 441, EPPO, 33, 377, 378 448, 452, 478, 487, 510 Equal hierarchical status, 552, 553 ECJ, 362, 379, 433, 435, 450, 477, 479–481, Equality, 424, 447, 470, 495, 525, 650 483, 484, 488–490, 498, 499, 634, 638, Equality of arms, 128, 129, 373, 472 643 Equatorial Guinea, 34 Economic Community of West African States Equitable balance between conflicting interests, Convention on Extradition, 440 583 Economic pressure, 190, 564 Erga omnes in abstracto, 80 Economic ties, 512 Erga omnes in concreto, 80 ECtHR, 34, 170, 172, 422, 424, 427, 455, 457, Erga omnes obligations, 18, 80, 81, 91, 321, 465, 467, 469, 470, 472–474, 480–482, 331, 350, 557, 567, 582 484–487, 489, 494, 497, 499, 500, Erga omnes partes, 18 502–505, 507–509, 517, 524, 526, 569, Erga omnes status, 246 570, 572, 575, 593, 619, 620, 624, Ergastolani, 503 643–646, 653, 655 Escuela de Suboficiales de Mecanica de la Ecuador, 376, 463, 566 Armada, 380 ECvHR, 222, 227, 262, 349, 384–388, 426, Eser, 342, 343 433, 436, 443, 444, 461, 470, 471, 473, Eshetu Alemu, 482, 499, 508, 651 488, 494, 499, 502–504, 507–509, 511, ESPO, 36 570, 572, 582 Essential principles of contemporary Effective investigation, 286 international law, 332 Effective official investigation, 385, 387 Estonia, 382 Effective prosecution, 325, 336, 381 Ethiopia, 482, 566, 607 Effective remedy, 571, 572, 582 Ethnic minorities, 371 Effective rights, 443 ETSPSC, 7 668 Index

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, 433, 487, Extinctive prescription, 422, 423 498, 510 Extraditable offence, 123 EU citizenship, 435 Extradite or prosecute, 323–325, 332, 341, EU Day Against Impunity, 607 342, 353–355, 636 EU financial interests, 33 Extradite-or-prosecute requirement, 354 EU-ICC Agreement, 565 Extradition, 174, 195 EU law, 148 Extradition Act, 429, 433 EU Member States, 430, 435, 444, 468, 477, Extradition bi-lateral agreement, 435 480 Extradition Chamber of the District Court of EUROJUST, 378, 489 The Hague, 469 Europe, 352, 358, 378, 381, 604 Extradition Court, 418, 442 European code of criminal procedure, 377 Extradition laws, 425, 468, 604 European Commission, 33, 377 Extradition regime, 352 European Communities Convention, 426 Extradition request, 323, 324, 328, 334, 336, European Convention for the Suppression of 342, 416, 417, 420, 437, 438, 445, 448, Terrorism, 446 450, 496, 497, 499, 511, 517 European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Extradition Treaty, 425, 426, 429, 432, 436, Criminal Matters, 420 442, 443, 446–448, 453, 470, 471, 491, European Convention on Terrorism, 438 508, 511, 552 European Convention on the Non-Applicability Extradition Treaty between the Government of of Statutory Limitations, 422 Canada and the Government of the European Convention on the Protection of the USA, 446 Environment, 354 Extradition Treaty Between the USA and European Convention on the Suppression of Germany, 441 Terrorism, 354, 355, 446 Extra-judicial executions, 428 European Council, 33 Extraordinary African Assize Appeal Chamber, European criminal code, 377 362 European criminal justice system, 553 Extraordinary African Assize Chamber , 362 European Criminal Law, 377, 432 Extraordinary African Indictments Chamber, European integration, 388 362 European Public Prosecutor, 33 Extraordinary African Investigation Chamber, European Union (EU), 33, 322, 349, 353, 371, 362 377–379, 381, 382, 386, 388, 559 Extraordinary rendition, 491, 507 EU supremacy, 552 Extra-territorial jurisdiction, 34, 291, 334, 355, EU transnational network, 349 449, 527 Evidence, 324, 334, 351, 355, 356, 366, 368, Eye witness testimony, 382 373, 382, 385, 422, 423, 425, 433, 465, 469, 471, 472, 474, 478, 482, 485, 486, F 490, 492, 495, 497, 501, 506–508, 514, Fact-finding inquiry, 244 566, 568, 575, 576, 605, 608, 649 Failed State, 47, 53–55 Evidence sharing, 598 Failure of international law, 557 Evolution of international criminal law, 592 Failure to investigate, 47, 568, 606 Exception to the exception, 437 Failure to prevent, 329 Execution of a request, 212, 249, 250 Failure to prosecute, 75, 559, 589, 606 Executive ad hoc entities, 456 Failure to protect, 74 Executive international institution, 323 Failure to punish, 329 Exemption, 421, 436–445, 448 Fair balance, 472 Expertise, 599 Fair defence, 373 Export of drugs, 485 Fairness, 583 Extension of powers, 168 Fairness of proceedings, 227 Extensive criminal networks, 349 Fair trial, 557 External assistance, 600 Fair trial assessment, 221 External intervention, 62–64, 72, 73 Fair trial rights, 469, 470, 473, 474, 477, 478, External prosecutions, 282 492 Index 669

Faltering State, 47, 54, 55 Foreign courts, 518 FARC-Government proposed peace deal, 465 Foreign know-how, 599 Farouq brigade, 576 Foreign personnel, 611 Faulty interpretation, 270 Foreign States, 506 Features, 612 Foreign suspect, 349 FEDEFAM, 376 Forensic evidence, 382 Federal Court of Australia, 326, 431, 436, 635, Forensic experts, 37 646 Foreseeability, 450, 467, 515, 517, 604 Federal prosecutors, 427 Forgiveness, 376 Federal Republic of Germany v Denmark, 323, Formal transfer, 420 636 Former Yugoslavia, 443, 481, 606 Federal Republic of Germany v The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 370 Netherlands, 323, 636 Form of universality, 322 Ferdinandusse, 330, 331, 383, 461, 463, 589, Formulae, 331, 351, 354, 356, 370, 377, 404, 590 405, 412 Fernández de Gurmendi, Judge, 607 Forum, 125, 132 Fernando Laureani Maturana and Miguel Forum conveniens, 24, 25, 80, 253, 254, 333, Krassnoff Marchenko v. Miguel Ángel 353, 356, 357, 375, 405, 407, 613 Sandoval Rodríguez, 383, 633 Forum deprehensionis, 333, 353, 367 Ferrini, 524, 641 Forum prosequi, 599 Ferstman, 69, 70 Forum shopping, 349 FIDH et al. vs Ould Dah, 460, 641 Forum State, 325, 326, 337, 342, 366, 412 Feudal lord, 435 Forward-looking expectation of risk, 517 Fifth Amendment, 485, 493 Four freedoms of the Common Market, 488 Figueroa-Túnchez, 572 Four Geneva Conventions, 326, 337, 355 Fijnaut, 119 Fournet, 463 Filártiga, 469, 651, 652 FRA, 571 Filártiga v Peña-Irala, 284 Frame of reference, 7, 12, 16, 23, 150, 565 Financial considerations, 608 Framework Decision on Combating Terrorism, Financial interests of the EU, 377 378 Financing of terrorism, 378 Framework Decision on the EAW, 419, 429, Finding of non-compliance, 175, 185, 187, 434, 444, 450–453, 457, 468, 484, 495, 188, 196, 624 498, 506 Finland, 360, 430, 482, 645, 646 France, 67, 102, 328, 348, 352, 360, 367, 382, Finta, 71, 621 423, 427, 436, 445, 457, 460, 467, 471, Finucane v MacMahon, 468, 495, 650 485, 486, 498–500, 516, 521, 522, 525, Firing squad, 510 558, 576, 577, 605, 607, 632, 633, Fiscal offences, 421 640–642, 645, 649 Fischer, 481, 487, 645 France v Turkey, 339, 638 Flagrant denial of a fair trial requirement, 469, Francisco Franco, 356 474, 475 Francovich and Bonifaci, 435 Flagrant denial of justice, 262, 472–475 Franey, 522, 525, 532 Flagrant human rights violation, 224 Fraud, 421, 428, 439 Flagrant violation test, 517, 604 Fraudulent res judicata, 478, 483 Fleck, 293, 294 Fredman, 61 Fletcher, 50, 64, 342, 343, 559 Free movement of judicial decisions in criminal Flexibility, 611 matters, 429 Flexible interpretation, 312 Freetown, 36 Flick case, 352, 637 French Code of Crimnal Procedure (Torture), Flint, 458 358, 360 Focarelli, 74 French Court of Appeal, 525 Forced disappearance, 368, 381 French laws, 177, 358, 360 Forced labour, 368 French lawyers, 423 Foreign aggression, 368 French objective test, 439 670 Index

French Supreme Court, 485 General principle of law, 9, 236, 321, 324, 412, Friman, 527, 530 413, 569 Frowein, 180 General prohibition, 330, 384 Frulli, 268, 273, 274, 290 General right to a fair trial, 479, 511 Fugitives, 404, 442, 506 General rule of international law, 345 Fujimori, 428, 641 General Treaty of Peace and Amity, 426 Fully-fledged agreement, 465 Geneva Conventions, 72, 101, 103, 129, 137, Functional immunities, 267, 518, 529 181, 335, 346, 355, 358, 388, 407, 459, Functional international constitutionalism, 582, 528, 558, 568 589 Geneva formula, 355, 356 Functional justification, 592 Génocidaires, 91, 178, 372, 421 Function of international criminal law, 32 Genocide, 44, 51, 91–93, 323, 325–328, 330, Functions, 588, 591, 592 332, 335, 340, 342, 347, 349, 351, 353, Fundación Casa del Tibet and Others v Jiang 358, 360, 363–365, 372–375, 380, 384, Zemin and Others, 367, 632 385, 404, 422, 423, 427, 431, 440, 441, Fundamental human rights, 6, 12, 183, 313, 446, 451, 455, 459, 469, 472, 476, 499, 326, 328, 337, 381, 386, 388, 423, 424, 506, 518, 520, 529, 532, 556, 558, 428, 454, 455, 458, 461–463, 465, 467, 567–569, 576, 614, 633, 640 468, 515, 525, 552, 557, 567, 574 Genocide case, 77, 81 Fundamental legal interests, 335 Genocide Convention, 6, 66, 91, 92, 113, 115, Fundamental rights, 435, 446, 531 137, 177, 178, 180, 181, 282, 283, 326, Furundžija, 114, 422, 437, 441, 461, 575, 622, 334, 335, 349, 359, 363, 440, 441, 459, 649, 654 468, 528–530, 569, 574 Fundamental safeguards, 373 Genuinely unwilling to investigate and Future violations, 589 prosecute, 456 Genuineness assessment, 220, 221 G Genocide in Guatemala case, 365 Gacaca courts, 372–377, 483 Genuine willingness or ability, 212, 218, 222, Gacaca law, 375 223, 236 Gacaca trials, 152 Geographic levels of prosecution, 32 G, a citizen of Vanuatu, 467, 640 George Washington University, 614 Gaddafi, 223, 225, 227, 234, 285, 288, 627 Georgia, 67 Gaddafi and Al-Senussi, 624 Georgia investigation, 217 Gaeta, 134, 270, 274 Georgian Minister of Defence, 438 Galanis v Pallanck, 492, 651 Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, Gallant, 166, 167, 179 78, 620 Gambia, 20, 21, 607 German Constitutional Court, 443, 467 Game-changer, 608 German Constitutional Order, 467 Ganic, 468 German Democratic Republic, 42 Garcia, 367, 445, 485, 532, 640, 652 German Federal Constitutional Court, 148, Garzón, Judge, 380 432, 433, 443, 623, 640, 646 Gas asphyxiation, 514 German Federal Supreme Court, 334, 632 Gasparini, 484, 643 German legislation, 335 Gaspar-Szilagyi, 498 German national, 559 Gbagbo, Laurent, 160 German-Polish Upper Silesian Convention, Gbagbo, Simone, 160, 623 426 Gdańsk, 559 Germans, 74 General consensus theory, 328 Germany, 67, 333, 335, 346, 359, 360, 365, General Framework Agreement for Peace in 382, 432, 441, 451, 452, 467, 469, 483, BiH and the Annexes thereto, 17 494, 506, 516, 524, 525, 556, 558, 576, General human rights clause, 438 577, 605, 607, 632, 639–641, 643 General principle, 324, 341 Germany v USA (LaGrand case), 552, 653 General principle of international law, 426, Ghana, 382 442, 489 Gilbert, 430, 439, 442–445, 515, 526 Index 671

Gillet, 178 Guatemala, 363, 365, 376, 385, 462, 463, 504, Girón and Valdez Asij, 504, 647 556, 633, 636, 638, 647–649 Glantz, 482, 646 Guatemala City, 365, 638 Glen Ashby v Trinidad and Tobago, 470, 648 Guatemala Genocide case, 335, 632 Global community, 349 Guatemalan criminal courts, 364 Global dimension, 582 Guatemalan law, 363 Global enforcement, 167 Guatemalan Supreme Court, 461 Global human rights instruments, 571 Guatemala’s Peace Agreement, 463 Global justice, 351 Guateng Division, 21, 619 Global prosecution, 32, 42, 609 Guengueng, 360, 638 Global system of international criminal justice, Guerra Sucia, 506 33 Guerrilla groups, 55 Goiburú et al. v Paraguay, 381, 636 Guinea, 601 Göktan, 486, 645 Győrgy Katz v István Roland Sós, 593, 655 Gomes Lund, 457, 648 Good faith, 572 H Good practices, 576 Habeas corpus, 347 Goran Jelisić, 325, 637 Habibullah Jalalzoy, 348, 351, 633, 635 Gorski, 435, 441, 449 Habitual residence, 516 Government of Bolivia, 526 Hadžihasanović, 329 Government of Kenya, 11 Hague Convention XII, 426 Government soldiers, 576 Hague District Court, The, 422, 482, 651 Graciela P de L and Others v Scilingo, 364 Hague formula, The, 353, 355 Grave breaches, 421, 458, 459, 465, 558 Hague, The, 35, 610 Gravity, 112, 327, 331, 375, 381, 608 Hailemariam, 508 Gravity threshold, 216, 220 Haiti, 454 Greatest juridical interest, 356 Hanging, 514 Greatest responsibility, 33, 608 Harmonised approach, 387, 594 Grech, 480, 650 Harmonization, 565 Greek-Cypriot missing persons, 385 Harmonized European approach, 452 Greek Supreme Court, 524, 525, 639 Harsh punishments, 445, 464 Grenade, 446 Harun and Ali Kushayb, 196, 624 Grievous bodily harm, 430, 436, 451 Harvey Swystun v USA, 357, 633 Gross human rights violation, 222 Hasan İlhan v Turkey, 387, 634, 653 Grotius, 322 Hass, 423, 641 Ground for refusal of extradition, 357, 367, Hategekimana, 506, 649 477, 507 Hauser-Sporn, 487, 645 Ground of jurisdiction, 322, 334, 335, 348, 613 HCSS, 371 Grounds for denial of extradition, 419, 420 Head-of-State Immunity, 21, 178, 524 Grounds for non-execution of the EAW, 434 Heads of government, 519 Grounds for refusal, 50, 183, 198, 210–216, Heads of State, 267–269, 271, 275, 277, 283, 237, 249–251, 255, 256, 286, 296–298, 285, 288, 422, 440, 518–520, 522, 525, 312, 564, 565, 583 526, 530–532, 609 Grounds for refusal of extradition, 10, 334, 367 Heathrow Airport, 370 Grounds for refusal of surrender, 150 Hector Jaime Beltran Parra, Clara Patricia, Group-based crimes, 67 Nidia Amanda, Jose Antonio and Mario Group-based nature, 134 Beltran Fuentes, 383, 632 Group-oriented crimes, 65 Hedigan, Judge, 473 Grupo Colina death squad, 428 Heller, 222, 227, 229, 234, 269 Guantanamo Bay, 346, 379 Henzelin, 406 Guantanamo detainees, 346 Hesamuddin Hesam, 351, 633 Guarantees, 419, 427, 475, 511, 512 Hieramente, 328, 329 Guatemala criminal code, 365 Hierarchically superior, 582 Higaniro, 421, 639, 640 672 Index

Higgins, Judge, 523, 649 Human rights, 328–332, 336, 342, 347, 349, High Command case, 352, 637 351, 353, 358, 362, 367–369, 373, 380, High Court of Australia, 450 381, 383–386, 388, 604, 605, 608, 613, High-level State officials, 267 633, 635 High-level suspects, 598, 608 Human rights abuses, 589 High-profile individuals, 599 Human Rights Act, 433 Hijackers, 447 Human rights advocates, 513 Hijacking, 103, 339, 354, 355, 567 Human rights chamber of BiH, 385 Hill, 500 Human Rights Committee, 222, 237, 349, 381, Hirsi Jamaa and Others v Italy, 368, 369, 634 384, 457–460, 463, 464, 467, 469, 470, Hissène Habré, 330, 359–363, 369, 612 478, 479, 493, 510, 511, 513, 514, 569, Hissène Habré v Republic of Senegal, 362, 638 606 HIV, 122 Human Rights Council, 608 Hobbes, 62 Human rights court, 34, 221, 230, 461, 462, Hobbs, 64 558 Hoge Raad, 326, 341, 348, 379, 635 Human rights general exceptions to extradition, HoL, 435, 485, 493, 522, 647, 648 467 Holmes, 221, 231, 245, 246 Human rights instrument, 384 Holocaust, 48, 51 Human rights law, 590 Holvoet, 598 Human rights lens, 230 Honduras, 376 Human rights mechanisms, 346 Hope, Lord, 290, 529 Human rights monitoring mechanisms, 222 Horciag, 481, 645 Human rights movement, 531 Horizontal axis, 329 Human rights norms, 552 Horizontal complementarity, 336, 337 Human rights offences, 388 Horizontal effects, 271 Human rights protection, 435, 467, 530 Horizontal system of enforcement, 22–25, 32, Human rights record, 179 121, 149, 150, 152, 153, 155, 156, 159, Human rights regional systems, 569 170, 174, 177, 211, 215, 232, 235, 246, Human rights standards, 221, 223, 257 254, 264, 266, 267, 269, 270, 274, 278, Human right violations, 328, 329, 362, 373, 297, 312–314, 333, 336, 351, 352, 362, 384, 385, 388, 569–571 365, 404, 407, 408, 412, 413, 417, 420, Human security, 138 424, 425, 434, 466, 470, 508, 518, 526, Human security principle, 61 564, 565, 604, 614 Human trafficking, 378 Hoskins, 134 Humberto Alvarez-Machain, 359, 639 Hospital Posadas, 506, 640 Humiliation, 499, 509 Hostages case, 352, 468, 637, 649 Hungarian Criminal Code, 437 Hostages Convention, 354, 355 Hungary, 430, 431, 436, 437, 472, 499, 646 Hostage-takers, 447 Hüseyin Gözütok and Klaus Brügge, 483, 484, Hostage-taking, 103, 127, 339, 354, 567 488, 489, 643 Hostis humani generis, 71, 131, 350, 442 Hutchinson, 502, 503, 644 House arrest, 425 Hutton, Lord, 289 HRC, 349, 381, 384, 457–460, 463, 464, 467, Hutu extremist party, 431 469, 470, 478, 479, 493, 510, 511, 513, Hybrid courts, 8, 152, 153 514, 635, 648 Hybridity, 36 HRW, 601 Hybrid tribunal, 8, 35–37, 371, 568, 575, 598, H.S.A., 520, 642 607, 613, 614 Huaura, José Enrique Crousillat López Torres, 347, 638 I Hugo Rodríguez v Uruguay, 384, 635 IACmmHR, 456, 457, 461, 648 Human being-oriented approach, 584 IACtHR, 380, 381, 383, 385, 457, 458, 461, Humanitarian argument, 437 462, 467, 478, 558, 569, 570, 636, 648, Humanitarian law, 572 649, 653, 654 Human rightism, 583 IACvHR, 426, 436, 444, 464 Index 673

ICC, 7, 9–12, 16–24, 42, 44, 46, 48–50, 60–62, ICTR Statute, 150, 284 65, 68, 71, 77–79, 81, 124–128, 130, ICTY, 16–19, 21, 148, 150–152, 420, 422, 131, 133, 135, 136, 138, 149–160, 466, 481, 491, 519, 524, 567, 570, 575, 166–200, 322, 325, 328, 330, 333, 334, 590, 592, 619, 623, 649, 654, 655 336, 337, 341, 343, 347, 353, 360, 363, ICTY cooperation regime, 168 365, 370, 372, 425, 444, 451, 456, 466, ICTY orders, 172 477, 480, 483, 520, 557, 564, 565, 568, ICTY State cooperation regime, 148 572–576, 591, 594, 598–601, 604, ICTY Statute, 247, 284 606–614, 619, 620, 623–625, 654 IDI, 9, 342 ICC Consequential Amendments Act, The, 360 I.G. Farben case, 637 ICC cooperation legislation, 313 IHT, 7, 36, 159, 363, 514, 611 ICC cooperation regime, 564 IIIM, 608 ICC crimes, 44, 45 ILA, 9 ICC drafting history, 565 ILC, 7, 9, 82, 93, 94, 126, 321, 332, 345, 353, ICC Elements of Crimes, 90, 91, 93, 96, 101 404, 426, 524, 528, 567 ICC encroachment, 187 ILC Draft Code of Offences Against the Peace ICC jurisdiction, 312 and Security of Mankind, 528 ICC Legal Tools, 155 ILC report, 94 ICC orders, 172 ILC’s Draft Articles on State Responsibility, ICCPR, 384, 424, 426, 444, 458, 464, 469, 115 470, 472, 473, 478, 493, 512–514, 569 Illegal restraint and hostage-taking, 430 ICC proceedings, 245, 248, 249, 260, 273 Illegal treatment, 604 ICC regime, 607 Illicit trade in human organs and tissue, 430 ICC RPE, 6, 69 Ill-treatment, 460, 495, 502, 503 ICC’s Elements of Crimes, 420 Images documenting atrocities, 608 ICC’s jurisdiction, 431, 453 Immediate release, 501 ICC State Parties, 333, 337, 381, 606, 607, 611 Immunities, 313 ICC Statute, 7–9, 11, 16, 19, 20, 22, 44, 45, Immunities rationae materiae, 267, 273, 282, 48–52, 64, 65, 75, 77, 78, 91, 93, 95, 96, 285, 289–291, 521, 522, 527, 529, 532 98, 99, 104, 166–173, 175–185, Immunities rationae personae, 267, 270, 273, 187–190, 192–200, 210–226, 230–247, 278, 282, 284, 285, 288, 518, 519, 521, 249–259, 261, 263, 264, 266, 267, 522 270–288, 290–298, 312, 313, 325, 328, Immutable norm, 532 333, 336, 342, 343, 352, 370, 372, 381, Impartiality, 224–226, 231, 242, 253, 270, 273 382, 384, 385, 417, 420, 424, 445, 456, Impartial judicial institution, 336 470, 486, 520, 523, 528, 564, 565, 573, Implementation, 552 574, 606–608, 628 Implementing legislation, 607 ICC Statute State Parties, 149 Implied powers, 197, 558, 588–591 ICD of the HC of Uganda, 35 Import of same drugs, 485 Iceland, 430, 461, 646 Imprescriptibility, 611 Icelandic domestic system, 461 Impunidad, 559 Icelandic Supreme Court, 461 Impunity, 62, 78, 186, 191–194, 312, 313, 339, ICJ, 8, 77, 80, 82, 168, 177, 180, 182–184, 341, 343, 344, 365, 367, 376, 380, 381, 188, 189, 196, 199, 321, 323, 324, 326, 388, 582, 589, 590, 593 330–332, 337, 345, 347, 349, 353, 356, Impunity gap, 36, 564, 610 360–362, 369, 412, 413, 431, 457, 468, Inability, 47, 48, 51, 53, 55, 129, 219, 220, 469, 518, 519, 522, 523, 525, 529, 571, 224, 225, 229–231, 236, 277 573, 574, 576, 620, 625, 636, 639, 649, Inability to prosecute, 599 654 Inaction, 211, 220, 251 ICRC, 128 Inactivity, 159, 170, 174, 175 ICT of Bangladesh, 35, 423, 649 Inadequate heating, 369 ICTR, 16, 18, 150–152, 154, 157, 326–328, Inadequate sleeping, 369 351, 373, 374, 431, 466, 472, 481, 505, Inadequate toilet facilities, 369 506, 619, 623, 636, 649 Inadequate ventilation, 369 674 Index

Inadmissibility, 218, 231, 241, 247 International arrest warrant, 172, 177, 190, Incarceration, 505 213, 214, 217, 256, 257, 260, 273, 278, Incommunicado detentions, 379 282, 348, 572, 574, 576 Incriminating evidence, 594 International chamber of horizontal Incumbent Heads of State, 521 complementarity, 336 Independence, 224, 225, 231, 242, 253, 582 International Civil Aviation Organization, 492 Independence of East Timor, 598 International Commission of Jurists (Kenya), Independent judicial institution, 336 158, 427 Independent mechanism, 608 International community, 323, 325–327, 329, India, 199, 382 330, 332, 335, 338, 339, 343, 346, 347, Indian decisions, 510 349, 359, 370, 371, 381, 557, 559, Indicia, 160 607–609, 611, 614 Indictment, 420, 421, 458, 477, 478, 485, 506, International concern, 608 520, 639, 642, 649, 650 International consensus, 328 Indirect enforcement system, 23 International constabulary, 313 Indirect jurisdiction, 326 International Convention for the Prevention, Indirect perpetrators, 600 Prosecution and Punishment of Core Indirect review, 24 Crimes, 532, 594 Indirect waiver argument, 268, 285 International Convention on the Individual criminal responsibility, 6, 7, non-Applicability of Statutory 113–115, 238, 289, 290 Limitations, 611 Individual petition, 584 International conventions, 404, 605 Indonesia, 199, 425 International cooperation and judicial Indonesian occupation, 598 assistance, 6 Inescapable dyads, 314 International Court Against Terrorism, 138 Inference, 439, 501 International Court of Human Rights, 604 Inherent powers, 168, 557, 558, 588, 591, 592 International courts, 267, 269, 270, 276, 284, Inhuman and degrading treatment or 288, 556, 557, 588, 589, 591, 592, 595, punishment, 418, 493, 494, 499, 508 598, 600 Inhuman or degrading treatment, 368 International crimes, 112, 118, 120, 121, 129, Inquisitorial criminal justice system, 373, 594 132–136, 138, 139 Insider trading, 421 International Crimes Act, 348, 358, 360 Institutional independence of investigators, 387 International crimes exception, 532 Institutional levels of prosecutions, 32 International crimes proper, 134 Insufficient food, 369 International criminal jurisdiction, 592 Insufficient medical treatment, 369 International criminal justice, 314, 320, 322, Insufficient recreation, 369 564, 571, 572, 590, 599, 609–613 Insurrectional movements, 44 International criminal law, 4–12, 422, 425, Integrated system, 599 441, 451, 462, 469, 473, 507, 512, 515, Interaction, 582 526, 531 Interaction between complementarity and International criminal tribunals, 211, 213, 215, universal jurisdiction, 605 232, 265, 268, 269, 276, 284, 285, 566, Interactive community of courts, 565 568, 572 Inter-American Convention Against Terrorism, International extradition law, 336, 453 447 International fair trial rights, 374 Inter-American Convention to Prevent and International harm, 138 Punish Torture, 426 International harm principle, 46, 64, 68, 73 Interests of justice, 244, 246 International humanitarian law, 6, 8, 53, Intergovernmental organisations, 44 101–104, 128, 129, 138, 335, 349, 358, Inter-jurisdictional, 218, 242 360, 404 Interlocutory decree, 594 International Human Rights Court, 604 Internal political affairs, 437 International human rights instrument, 384 International agreements, 565 Index 675

International human rights law, 6, 8, 10, 12, Iovchev v Bulgaria, 369, 634 134, 328, 383, 388, 462, 464, 467, 470, Iran, 199 515, 531, 582–584, 589, 593, 605 Iranian Hostages Case, 324, 636 International human rights tribunals, 571 Iraq, 67, 72, 576, 577 International institution, 377, 564 Iraqi criminal procedural law, 363 Internationalization of a global rule of law, 291 Ireland, 388 Internationalization of the rule of law, 349 Ireland v UK, 509 Internationalized courts, 598, 600, 613 Irish citizen, 445 Internationalized domestic courts, 36, 133 Irish Courts, 468, 506 Internationalized model of criminal justice, 152 Irish Extradition (Amendment) Act, 446 International joint investigative team, 371 Irish Law, 485 International judges, 582 Irish Republican Army, 442 International jurisdiction, 243, 269, 584, 612 Irish Supreme Court, 437, 445 International law, 605–607, 609, 611, 614 Irish System, 485 International legal instruments, 320 Irish Test, 486 International legal order, 412 Irrebuttable presumption, 592 International legal personality, 426 Irregular capture, 359 Internationally recognized human rights, 9 Irregularities, 259, 260, 264 International Marshals Service, 313 Islam, 513 International obligation, 471, 476, 552, 591 Islamic terrorist groups, 72 International organizations, 37 Islamic world, 607 International peace and security, 46, 130, 135, Isolation, 505 183, 191–193, 199, 329, 568, 614 Israel, 334, 359, 382, 607, 638 International prosecutions, 32 Israeli Wall Advisory Opinion, 571, 654 International protection, 368 Instituti legis, 8, 235, 388, 577, 582 International protest, 344, 567 Institutum legis, 423 International refugee law, 369, 515 Italian Courts, 423, 523, 525 International relations, 404, 434, 512, 525 Italian language, 353 International responsibility, 62, 74, 82, 584, Italian Law on the EAW, 453 591 Italian Supreme Court, 524, 525 International rule of law, 4, 512 Italy, 348, 360, 369, 382, 423, 427, 430, 432, International solidarity, 330 433, 435, 452, 474, 478, 482, 488, 489, International supervisory bodies, 591 491, 493, 499, 508, 523, 524, 529, 530, Inter partes, 322, 339, 351 634, 641, 643, 644, 648 Interpol, 216 Iudex (loci) deprehensions, 347 Inter-State case, 385 Iuris tantum presumption, 245 Inter-State cooperation, 167 Ius prosequi, 23, 25, 406 Inter-state model, 18 Ius puniendi, 12 Interstate model of cooperation, 149 Ivcher Bronstein v Peru, 558, 653 Interstate rendition, 154 Ivorian amnesty process, 228 Inter-state system of international law, 531 Ivory tower, 502 Inter-State tensions, 433 In the Matter for Judicial Review, 472, 646 J Intra-jurisdictional, 242 Jacobs, 80 Intrusion, 60, 63, 72, 77, 79 Jalalzoy, 348, 351 Investigate or prosecute, 212, 217, 219, 221, Jalloh, 276 245 Jaloud v The Netherlands, 34, 620 Investigation, 213–215, 221, 224, 228, 230, Jamaica, 446, 508, 511, 648, 650 238–240, 244, 249–251, 260, 290, 292, James-Robinson, 130, 623 293, 295, 296, 629, 630 Japan, 382, 428, 429, 571, 607 Investigative steps, 228, 238–240, 251 Japanese Yakuza, 349 Investigators, 595 Javor, 348, 633 Inviolability, 268, 278, 280 Jean Claude Iyamuremye, 427, 468 Inyangamugayo, 373 Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, 94, 621 676 Index

Jelisić, 91–93, 325, 566, 622 211, 213, 214, 216–221, 226, 233, 235, JEP, 48 236, 238, 241–245, 247, 249–251, 253, JFK Airport, 370 256, 259, 260, 262–264, 266–269, Jia, 273, 295, 327 271–276, 278–281, 283, 285, 287, Jihadists, 576 289–291, 293, 295, 297, 298, 417, 422, Jimenez, 524, 651 429, 431, 432, 441, 451, 455, 456, 461, John Demjanjuk v Joseph Petrowsky et al, 359, 462, 466, 467, 469, 476, 483, 490, 493, 639 496, 498, 507, 518, 519, 523, 525, 526, Johnsson, 216, 226, 244–246 529–531, 565–568, 572–576, 623–625, Joint Action 97/154 on Trafficking in Human 627, 631, 640, 649, 650 Beings, 452 Jurisdictional authority, 363 Jokić, 93, 622 Jurisdictional claims, 336, 367 Jones and Others, 524, 526, 644 Jurisdictional competence, 588 Jordan, 102, 187, 200, 286, 287, 289, 607, Jurisdictional joint venture, 312, 613 625, 627, 630 Jurisdictional pointsman, 242 Jordan’s appeal, 289, 627 Jurisdictional pretext, 342 Jørgensen, 126 Jurisdictional priority, 336 Jorgić, 334, 335 Jurisdictional reach, 121, 127, 131 José Carlos Trujillo Oroza José contra Luis Jurisdiction-bestowing device, 322 Dabdoub López y Jacinto Morón Jurisdiction in absentia, 340, 348, 349 Sánchez, 383, 638 Jurisdiction to enforce, 5 Jreida Prison, 498 Juris et de jure presumption, 592 Juárez-Cifuentes, 572 Juris tantum presumption, 33, 592 Judge-made law, 168 Jus cogens, 45, 46, 255, 256, 260, 262–264, Judges, 610, 611 266, 273, 282, 288–291, 295, 324, 325, Judicare limb, 355, 372, 405–407 327, 331–333, 337–342, 344, 345, 347, Judicial activism, 168–170, 590 368, 369, 381 Judicial authority, 498, 517, 522 Jus cogens norms, 61, 71, 81, 322, 327, 330, Judicial body, 189, 196, 588, 591, 600, 601, 331, 333, 339, 341, 342, 369, 525, 530, 614 552, 557, 567, 582 Judicial branch, 594 Jus cogens violations, 344, 359 Judicial cooperation, 601 Jus de non evocando principle, 431 Judicial cooperation agreement, 363 Jus in bello, 103 Judicial creativity, 584 Justice case, 352, 637 Judicial determinations, 592 Justus Lipsius, 428 Judicial dialogue, 23, 595, 599, 601 Juvenile court, 559 Judicial forum, 22, 24 Judicial functions, 591 K Judicial international institution, 323 Kabul government, 293 Judicial mechanisms, 32 Kadir Satik and Others v Turkey, 387, 634, 653 Judicial organ, 591 Kadi v Council of the European Union and Judicial panels, 598, 612 Commission of the European Judicial partnerships, 598, 612 Communities, 167, 624 Judicial power, 589 Kafkaris, 502, 644, 645 Judicial redress, 613 Kallon and Kamara, 461 Judicial restraint, 590 Kambanda, 276, 288, 631 Judicial review, 593 Kampala Conference, 292 Judiciarisation, 441 Kampala Review Conference, 44 Juge d’instruction, 349 Kanavalaw, 510, 640 Jurid, 226 Kant, 62, 70 Juridical infrastructures, 12, 373 Kantian philosophy, 50 Juridical process, 454 Kanyabashi, 183, 431, 625, 649 Jurisdiction, 148, 151, 152, 157, 166–170, Karadžić, 21, 92, 622 172–174, 176–184, 188, 194–199, 210, Karamira, 510, 651 Index 677

Katanga, 94–96, 127, 621, 623 Krstić, 91, 622 Katanga and Chui, 174, 176, 624 Krupp case, 352, 637 Kaul, Judge, 99, 100, 125 KSC, 35 Kavalyow, 510, 640 Kunarac et al., 123, 124, 623 Kayishema, 92, 622 Kurd, 505 Kelly and Others v UK, 386, 387, 634 Kurdish religious community, 67 Kemp, 518–520, 526 Kurds, 102 Kennedy, 341 Kvočka, 113, 622 Kenya, 35, 68, 97–100, 125, 136, 186, 187, 215, 217, 220, 238, 283, 423, 564, 621, L 624, 626–629 La Belle Équipe, 103 Kenyatta, 11, 186, 187, 564, 607, 619, 624, Laboratory, 377 654 La Cantuta, 428, 478, 483, 648 Keywords, 5, 32, 42 La Cantuta University, 428 Kezerashvili, 438, 650 La Cantuta v Perú, 381, 636 Khan, 369, 638 La Casa Nostra, 103 Kidnap, 530 Lack of impartiality, 374 Kidnappers, 447 La Cosa Nostra, 349 Kidnapping, 119, 359, 430, 446, 486, 530, 641 Lacuna, 245, 254 Kigali, 472, 510, 651 Lacunae, 8, 12, 352, 590, 591 Kindler, 470, 511, 648 La Forest, Judge, 511 Kinetic social institution, 376 Lagos, 491 King, 275, 276, 292, 294, 343, 417, 435, 493, Lake Chad, 128 642, 648 Lakhdar Boumediene et al. v Bush et al., 347, Kisimba-Ngoy, Minister, 25 639 Kiyani, 277, 283, 285 Lambruschini, 532 Kjeldgaard-Pedersen, 132 Language barriers, 452 Kleffner, 67, 68, 235, 236, 243, 244, 322, 325, Larceny, 439 336, 359, 360, 421, 425, 449, 451, 456, Latin America, 366, 376 512, 565, 574, 606, 607 Latin American States, 570 Klein, 341 Law enforcement, 118, 130 Klip, 559 Law Enforcement Network, 313 Knoops, 313, 314 Law Lords, 290, 497, 527, 529 Koçeri Kurt v Turkey, 569, 653 Law of international responsibility, 115 Kodiċi Kriminali, 360 Law on the Application of the Statute of the Kok, 422, 424 ICC, 360 Kolb, 321, 322, 339, 357, 405, 406, 419, 437, Laws of humanity, 469 446, 449, 454, 459, 511 Laws of Malta, 491, 515 Kompetenz-kompetenz principle, 10, 168, 292, Leadership requirement, 105 588, 589 Lebanese law, 132 Kononov v Latvia, 172, 624 Lebanon, 378, 382, 454, 477 Kony et al, 168 Le Carillon, 103 Kooijmans, Judge, 523, 649 Le Comptoir Voltaire, 103 Kosgey, 100, 621 Lee, 60 Koskotas v Roche, 443 Lee Urzúa et al. v Pinochet, 348, 349, 638 Kosovo, 36, 44, 371 Legal authority, 342, 406 Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Legal certainty, 42, 340 Institution, 371 Legal characterization, 251 Kreẞ, 90–92, 99, 150, 151, 267, 268, 283–286, Legal claims, 332 288 Legal consequences, 135, 605 Krings, 157, 333, 605, 606, 609 Legal Consequences for States of the Krisch, 180 Continued Presence of South Africa in Kristinsson, 461, 646 Namibia Notwithstanding Security Krolik, 433, 647 678 Index

Council Resolution 276 (1970) Limitations of jurisdiction rationae personae, (Namibia case), 183, 625 611 Legal control, 342 Limitations of jurisdiction rationae temporis, Legal culture, 353 611 Legal denominator, 388 Limits of jurisdiction, 588 Legal duty to testify, 375 Link of causation, 517 Legal experts, 601 Lithuania, 430, 482, 508, 645, 647 Legal folk culture, 342 Local crime, 132 Legal infrastructure, 357 Locatelli, 443, 652 Legal instruments, 360, 378, 421, 422, 426, Lockerbie, 152, 321, 370, 371, 610, 612, 613, 441, 590 636 Legality, 42, 433, 449, 450, 452, 475, 512 Lockerbie trial, 35 Legal literature, 219, 267, 271, 285, 331, 332 Locus delicti commissi, 11, 35, 75, 113, 118, Legal representation, 374 124, 355, 365, 381, 405, 569, 583, 600 Legal rubric, 244 Locus standi, 426, 467, 498, 575, 593 Legal xenophobia, 431 Locus standi in judicio, 80 Legibus solutus, 5 Logical formula, 338 Legislative ad hoc entities, 456 Loi organique, 427 Legislative international institution, 323 Loi relative aux violations graves du droit Legislative requirements, 256 international humanitaire, 335 Legitimacy of local legislation, 433 Lomé Peace Accords, 462 Legitimizing link, 349 London Agreement, 426 Lemkin, 66 London Scheme for Extradition Within the Lenient prison sentence, 425 Commonwealth, 440 Lenient punishment, 242 Lord Bingham’s opinion, 497 Lepard, 323, 324, 331, 345, 347, 386, 412 Lords, 114 Le Petit Cambodge, 103 Lord Slynn of Hadley, 340, 568, 654 Lethal injection, 514 Los Angeles, 493, 642 Letter bomb, 446 Los Zetas cartel, 96 Lever, 5, 6 Lotus, 339, 348, 638 Lex ferenda, 265 Lotus case, S.S., 591 Lex specialis, 9 Lotus, S. S. (France v Turkey), 591, 655 Ley Organica del Poder Judicial, 365 Lower level perpetrators, 599 Liaison body, 601 Low-level individuals, 598 Liberia, 35 Low-profile criminals, 373 Liberty, 379 Lozano, 523, 529, 641 Libya, 81, 157, 158, 191, 217, 223–230, 234, Luban, 44, 47, 48, 52 239, 240, 250–252, 626–628 Lubanga, 170, 181, 197, 216, 218, 219, 240, Libya Dawn, 158 246, 247, 259, 260, 263, 264, 584, 624, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v Malta (Continental 625, 627, 629, 630, 655 Shelf case), 412, 639 Lujambio, 445, 640 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v USA, 321, 636 Luo Taliban, 68 Libyan court, 158 Luring, 359 Libyan Court of Assize, 226, 626 Luxembourg, 33, 191 Liechtenstein v Guatemala, 431, 649 Life imprisonment, 131, 362, 372, 380 M Life sentence, 496, 499–506 Macro-criminality, 44 Lifting of immunities, 276, 279 Madeleine Mangabu Bukumba and Gracia Likelihood of a successful prosecution, 239 Mukumba v Canada (Minister of Likelihood of a violation, 508, 515, 517, 604 Citizenship and Immigration), 367, 635 Limaj et al., 97, 128, 622, 623 Mafias, 349 Limitations of jurisdiction rationae loci, 611 Mai Mai, 128 Limitations of jurisdiction rationae materiae, Malabo Protocol, 34 611 Mala fides, 256, 259, 372 Index 679

Mala in se, 119 McArthur, 324, 325, 330 Mala prohibita, 119 Meaningful utensil, 517 Malawi, 270, 274, 275, 277, 278, 286, 296, Mechanism, 466, 489, 503–505 628 Mecklenburg Correctional Center, 509 Male captus bene detentus, 258, 359 MEDAC, 47 Malice aforethought, 119 Médecins Sans Frontières, 61 Malta, 353, 354, 360, 382, 612 Medical case, 352, 637 Malta’s Refugee Appeals Board, 515 Medical reports, 382 Maltese Court of Appeal, 491, 495 Mégret, 173 Maltese Criminal Court, 491 Meloni, 112, 113 Maltese laws, 353 Membership of a particular social group, 516 Malum in se, 119 Menem, 456, 486 Malaysia Airlines flight MH17, 371 Mens rea, 90, 92, 119 Mamatkulov and Abdurasulovic, 470 Mental health problems, 503 Mamatkulov and Askarov, 470, 473–475, 644 Mental suffering, 509 Mandatory compliance, 564 Mercedes Benz plant, 359 Mandatory duty to investigate and prosecute, Meron, 19, 346, 412 381 Methods of execution, 514 Mandatory ground for postponement of the Mettraux, 270 request, 498 M.E. v Denmark, 388, 634 Mandatory jurisdiction, 459 Mexican Court, 424 Mandatory prosecutions, 344, 558 Mexican drug cartels, 349 Mandatory recognition of judgments, 594 Mexico, 96, 383, 432 Mandatory requirement, 347 Meyrowitz, 128 Mandatory sentence of life imprisonment, 500, Michael Domingues v USA, 331, 636 503 Michael Seifert, 348 Mandatory universal jurisdiction, 605 Migrants, 576 Manner of execution, 171 Migrant smuggling, 122, 124 Marchuk, 113, 114 Miguel Castro-Castro Prison v Perú, 381, 636 Marcos Roitman Rosenmann v Spain, 324, 638 Miklis, 508, 647 Marek, 289 Milch case, 352, 637 Margin of appreciation, 18 Military court, 264 Margin of appreciation doctrine, 494 Military dictatorship, 499 Marguš, 457, 458, 465, 482, 483, 644 Military Division of the Budapest Metropolitan Marino-Garcia, 130, 623 Court, 437 Martens Clause, 469 Military force, 104, 105 Maşallah Öneryildiz v Turkey, 572, 653 Military juntas, 380 Massera, 532 Military law, 436 Matryoshka dolls, 422 Military offence exception, 437 Matter between Democratic Alliance and Military offence exemption, 418, 436 Minister of International Relations and Military offences, 436 Cooperation et al., 21 Military panel, 472 Mature legal systems, 592 Military personnel, 294 Mature rule, 607 Millett, Lord, 290, 291, 527, 529 Mau Mau, 423 Milošević, 268, 276, 277, 285, 288, 458, 631 Mauritanian amnesty law, 460, 498 Milošević exception, 156 Mauritanian soldiers, 498 Minimum guarantees, 470, 476 Maxwell-Fyfe, 9 Minimum level of severity, 496, 502 May, 42, 46, 54, 61–65, 68–70, 77, 79, 92, Ministerial meeting, 607 134, 620, 622 Minister of Defence of the Republic of Algeria, Mayan-Chinese anthropologist, 462 519 Mayan Ixil population, 364 Minister of Foreign Affairs, 520 Mayotte, 327 Minister of Justice and Constitutional Mazzini, 66 Development, 532, 650 680 Index

Ministries case, 352, 637 Mungiki, 68 Minor, 434, 489, 490 Municipal courts, 604 Minsk Metro, 510 Municipal crime, 132 Miraglia, 484, 488, 643 Municipal criminal court, 25 Misalignment, 515 Municipal criminal law, 339 Mise en scène, 48, 242 Münster, 559 Mitigating factors, 503 Munyakazi, 506, 649 Mixed courts, 152 Murder, 339, 354, 360, 380, 384, 386, 429, Mixed tribunals, 152 436, 439, 451, 462, 485, 486, 500, 511, Mladen Naletilić v Croatia, 151, 623 530, 573 Mladić, 21, 92, 622 Murphy, Judge, 437 Mob rule, 4 Muscat, 495, 642 Mocanu, 422, 644 Muslim States, 513 Model American Convention, 446 Muslim world, 513 Model of cooperation, 149, 150 Mutual recognition in criminal matters, 378 Mode of conduct, 339 Mutual recognition principle, 378 Mode of repression, 118, 125, 129 Mutyaba, 213, 265, 275, 295 Modern crimes, 377 Myanmar, 608 Modinos, 383, 634 Myers, 344 Modus operandi, 6, 32, 171, 198 Myrna Mack Chang, 462, 649 Mohammed and Dalvie, 513, 641 Monageng, Judge, 21 N Money laundering, 122, 421 Nairobi, 496 Mongolia, 382, 532, 607 Namibia, 198, 454, 506 Monitoring mechanisms, 353, 427 Naqvi, 417, 419, 422, 423, 462, 481, 490, 521, Montevideo Convention, 52, 280 522, 526 Montreal Convention, 321, 354, 355, 636 Narcoterrorism, 121 Montt, 364–366 Narrowing of immunities, 530 Monumental milestone, 571 National Commission of the South African Moral argument, 437 Police Service, 381, 633 Morris, 92 National Constitutions, 552 Morrison, Judge, 95, 621 National courts, 241, 267–270, 274 Mossad agents, 359 National crime, 119, 124, 132 Mothers of Srebrenica case, 518, 647 National Criminal Court of Perú, 428 Moulana Abul Kalam Azad, 423, 649 National criminalization theory, 50 Mouvement Démocratique Républicain, 510 National criminal jurisdiction, 592 Muammar Gheddafi, 280 National criminal justice systems, 22 Mueller, 119, 120 National decision, 221 Mugabe, 520, 640 Nationality, 312, 335, 337, 342, 356, 364, Muhayimana, 328, 633 430–432, 436, 507, 509, 516 Multi-functional, 255 Nationalized citizen, 428 Multilateral agreements, 608 National judges, 582 Multilateral conventions, 134 National procedural law, 214, 255 Multilateral extradition treaties, 322 National reconciliation, 244, 246 Multi-lateral instrument, 469 National security, 213, 214 Multi-lateral international agreement, 441 National Union for the Total Independence of Multilateral treaties, 121, 404, 408 Angola, The, 44 Multilateral Treaty for Mutual Legal National unity, 454 Assistance and Extradition, 532 Nation State, 438 Multinational forces, 313 NATO member, 329 Multinational organizations, 313 Naturalist school of thought, 346 Multiple competing requests, 252 Naturalized Dutch citizen, 482 Multiple States, 332 Nature of the crime, 328, 505 Multi-tasking, 234 Nazi concentration camp, 559 Index 681

Ndiki Mutua, 423, 651 Non-discrimination, 424, 447 Ndiki Mutua, Paulo Nzili, Wambugu Wa Nyigi, Non-discrimination clause, 419, 439 Jane Muthoni Mara and Susan Ngondi v Non-enforcement, 191 The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Non-EU States, 510 382, 638 Non-execution of the death penalty, 150 Ndombasi, 348, 349 Non-extradition, 368 ‘Ndrangheta, 349 Non-extradition of nationals, 312, 418, 428, Ne bis in idem, 212, 222, 231–237, 241–243, 430–432, 435, 438, 552, 564 246–248, 250, 257, 258, 261, 296, 418, Non-governmental organisations, 44 419, 425, 434, 456, 457, 465, 466, Non-homicidal offences, 506 477–493, 594, 631 Non-judicial accountability, 244 Ne bis in idem protection, 466, 481 Non-prosecution, 329, 372 Necessary evil, 556, 557 Non-refoulement, 367–369, 448, 497, 515 Negotiating history, 294, 297 Non-State actors, 44, 47 Neighbouring State, 329, 600 Non-State entities, 44, 45, 47, 48, 52–55 Nemo debet bis vexari pro una et eadem causa, Non-State Parties, 155, 157, 166, 175–179, 477 181, 182, 184, 185, 195, 198–200, 217, Nerve agents, 55 218, 250, 253, 254, 270–278, 280, 281, Netherlands, The, 81, 326, 341, 348, 358, 360, 287, 292, 295, 297 371, 379, 422, 427, 428, 430, 444, 465, Non-State Parties to the ICC Statute, 367 467, 468, 474, 479, 482, 499, 503, 504, Non-UN member States, 18 509, 518, 529, 532, 565, 577, 607, 620, Nordic countries, 429 621, 635, 642, 644, 647 Nordic Extradition Act, 429, 438 Network of specialized judicial panels, 600 Noriega, 426, 652 New political administration, 245 Normative point of reference, 517, 604 New Zealand, 348, 360 Northern Ireland, 426, 495 New Zealand Extradition Act, 513 North Korea, 53 Next-of-kin, 569 North Sea Continental Shelf cases, 323, 636 Nexus between the shortcomings and the Norway, 360, 430, 500, 558, 605 violation, 606 Nottebohm Principle, 431 Nezzar, 524, 646 Nouveau Code Pénal, 456 Ng, 470, 514, 648 Nouwen, 216, 224, 237, 240, 248, 268, 269, NGO reports, 374 273 Nicaragua v USA, 636 Nowak, 324, 325, 330 Nicholas Chapman Blake v Guatemala, 385, Nsereko, 174, 218, 233, 240, 258 569, 636, 654 Ntezimana, 421, 639, 640 Nieto-Navia, Judge, 18 Ntuyahaga, 154, 623 Nigeria, 186, 362, 460, 491, 648 Nuclear Tests case (Australia v France), 168, Nikitin, 481, 645 591, 625, 655 Nikola Jorgić, 334, 335, 632 Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion, 404, 639 Nikola Jorgić v Germany, 348, 634 Nuhanović v the Netherlands, 112, 622 Nikolić, 148, 570, 623, 654 Null and void, 245, 259 Nivette, 499 Nulla poena sine lege, 42, 449 Nolle prosequi, 386, 454, 593 Nullum crimen sine lege, 42, 224, 339, 449 Nollkaemper, 23, 24, 74, 80–82, 112, 114, 115, Nulyarimma v Thompson, 326, 635 134, 352, 353, 386, 412, 413, 552, 553 Nuremberg, 104, 607, 622 Nomenclature, 339, 381 Nuremberg Principles, 6, 7, 460 Non bis in idem, 235, 246, 631 Nyamirambo Stadium, 510 Non c’è Pace Senza Giustizia, 44 Nzapali, 379 Non-citizen, 364 Non-cooperation, 211, 260, 263 O Non-custodial State, 368 OAS, 33 Non-definition, 441 Obediencia debida, 464 Non-derogable obligation, 326 Obiter dicta, 607 682 Index

Objective interpretation, 453 Ordre public, 347 Objectives of international criminal law, 557, Orentlicher, 459, 519, 522, 523, 527, 529, 530, 589 612 Obligation erga omnes, 459, 497, 607 Organic Law of the Judiciary, 360 Obligation to investigate, 606 Organization, 92–98, 100, 588 Obligation to penalise, 121 Organizational policy, 95, 96, 99, 100 Obligation to prosecute, 422, 425, 441, 459, Organized armed group, 133 462, 567, 571–573, 605, 606 Organized criminal group, 122, 123, 125 Obligation to protect, 72, 81, 82 Organized guilt, 74 Obligation to submit to prosecution, 572, 573, Osiel, 557 605 Osman, 430, 641 Obligation to surrender, 151, 370 OTP, 313, 601, 608 Obokata, 321, 338, 349, 357, 378, 449, 464, OTP policy papers, 155, 174 510, 513 OTP Report, 223 Obstacles, 4, 8, 10, 418, 427, 428 Ott, 357, 368, 385 Obstacles to extradition, 427, 512 Ouattara, President, 228 Obstacle to deportation, 516 Ould Dah, 460, 498, 641, 642 Obstacle to repatriation, 516 Out-of-court settlement, 465 Öcalan, 475, 505, 509, 511, 514, 644, 645 Overarching rights, 571 Ocampo, 199 Overcrowding, 369, 495, 503 Ocampo Six, 217 Overrule decisions, 592 October 2016 referendum, 465 Office of Public Counsel for Victims, 160 P Official acts, 114, 290 Pacta sunt servanda, 166, 459 Official capacity, 268, 273, 275, 287, 519, 522, Pakistan, 199, 369 524, 525, 531 Palermo, 124 Official functions of a Head of State, 523 Pan Am bombing, 612 O’Keefe, 5, 42, 45, 118, 132, 133, 136 Pan American trans-Atlantic flight 103, 370 OLAF, 377 Papon, 352, 633 Olásolo, 213, 243 Paraguay, 376 Omar Al Bashir, 178, 186, 187, 287, 289, 556, Paraguayan Penal Code, 451 625, 627, 630 Parallel proceedings, 482, 484 Omission, 406, 441, 453, 455, 485, 490, 528, Paramaribo, 348 584, 590 Parcel bomb, 446 Ongena, 222, 232, 237, 244, 245 Pardon, 245, 246, 419, 425, 428, 456, 459, Ongoing, 213, 220, 229, 233, 234, 240, 249, 462–466, 481, 490, 506 251 Paris, 17, 419, 641 Onus probandi, 241 Paris attacks, 103 Opacić v the Netherlands, 172, 624 Paris metro bombings, 471 Operational, 214 Parliamentary Assembly of the CoE, 511 Operationalization, 591 Parliaments, 456 Opinio juris, 323, 324, 366, 412, 423, 469, Parochial crime, 64 508, 558 Parole, 245, 425, 496, 500, 502, 503 Opinion of Advocate General Kokott, 379, 634 Parole board system, 501 Opinion of AG Ruiz Jarabo Colomer, 483, 488, Part 9, 191, 195, 212, 249, 250, 255, 261, 263, 489 271, 564 Opposition, 590 Part 9, ICC Statute, 19 Optional grounds for refusal, 419, 434 Participation in a criminal organisation, 429 Orakhelashvili, 471 Partie civile, 71, 594 Order of reparation, 115 Pascal, 19 Ordinary law, 404 Pascal Senyamuhara Safari (alias Pascal Ordinary legislation, 552 Simbikangwa), 327, 633 Ordinary responsibility, 114 Passive nationality principle, 342 Ordonnances pénales, 482 Past persecution, 517 Index 683

Pativilca, 428 Piracy, 133, 134, 136–138 Patrol service, 437 Pirates, 136, 137 Patteggiamento, 483 Place of origin, 368 Pattern of crimes, 94 Plachta, 321, 322, 355, 370, 371, 377, 416, Pattison, 72, 73, 79 418, 419, 421, 448, 508 Paust, 320, 341, 344, 359 Plan Sistemático, 506, 646 Peace, 454, 457–459, 463, 509, 510 Playing fields, 124 Peace Accord, 458, 512 Plea bargain, 415, 465, 466, 483 Peace-keeping forces, 313 Plea bargaining, 418, 419, 465, 466 Peacekeeping operation, 112, 294 Plural-States hypothetical scenario, 278 Pecuniary compensation, 457 Plural-States hypothetical setting, 260 Pedersen and Baadsgaard, 455, 644 Poels, 478, 488 Peers v Greece, 369, 634 Pohl case, 352, 637 Pellet, 361, 583 Point de depart, 379 Penological perspective, 383 Poland, 432, 433, 452, 499, 507, 508, 559, Peremptory norms, 344, 345 645, 647 Peremptory plea, 241 Police force, 24, 186, 188, 313 Periodic review, 505 Police officers, 493, 495, 593 Perish, 387 Police reform and social responsibility act, 383 Permanent institution, 16 Polish Constitutional Court, 429, 432, 651 Permanent International Criminal Court, 443 Polish legislation, 418 Permissive universal jurisdiction, 605 Polish Nationals in Danzig case, The, 552, 653 Permutations, 404, 407 Polish persons, 433 Perpetrators, 613 Polish prison conditions, 433 Persecution, 368 Polish Supreme Court, 508, 650 Persistent objector, 277, 291, 323, 340, 344, Political argument, 437 453, 460 Political bias, 259 Persistent violation, 191 Political censure, 185 Personal immunity, 266, 270, 283–285, Political character, 438, 442, 445 519–521 Political control, 582 Personal liberty and security, 369 Political corruption, 512 Persuasive obligation, 323, 324 Political crimes, 437, 439, 440, 445 Persuasive source, 215 Political disturbance, 438 Pert, 129 Political facade, 599 Perú, 347, 382, 428, 429, 454, 457, 461, 478, Political implications, 421 483, 638, 641, 648 Political international criminal law, 371 Perú’s Supreme Court, 428, 429, 641 Politically motivated cases, 375 Peruvian Constitution, 428 Politically motivated (unfair) trial, 516 Peruvian Constitutional Court, 347 Political offence, 438–441, 443, 448 PGA, 533 Political offence exception, 442, 445 Phillips, Lord, 290, 529 Political offence exemption, 418, 419, Philosophy of law, 346 437–448, 498, 564 Physical and mental effects of the treatment, Political offender, 437, 444 The, 503 Political opinion, 424, 438, 439, 447, 448, 516 Physical integrity, 368 Political opponents, 371 Physical suffering, 509 Political persecution, 448 PiCT, 557 Political philosophy, 42, 93 Pinnacle of criminal justice, 375 Political rows, 477 Pinochet, 114, 212, 273, 274, 289, 291, 324, Political situation, 215 335, 340, 348, 359, 421, 497, 522, 523, Political support, 611 527–530, 532, 568, 573, 611, 626, 648, Political ties, 512 653–655 Political victimization, 122 Pinto de Albuquerque, Judge, 422, 502, 503, Polymorphous tribunals, 612 644 Port of call, 224 684 Index

Portugal, 360, 432, 448, 499 Primary responsibility to prosecute, 355 Portugal v Australia, 331, 636 Primary responsibility to punish, 355 Positive complementarity, 154, 155, 557, 564, Primary victim, 611 591, 598, 606 Prime Minister, 421, 504, 520, 650 Positive obligations, 384, 387, 388 Primo dedere secundo prosequi, 354 Positive obligations of the State, 570 Primo prosequi approach, 355 Possession of arms and explosives, 491 Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Possibility of parole, 500, 503, 506 461 Post-conflict societies, 244 Princeton Project, 357 Post-conflict transitional justice, 156, 454, 599 Principled and justifiable response to core Postponement, 212, 217, 249, 250, 628 crimes, 612 Post-surrender, 261, 284 Principle of bona fide, 459 Potential defences, 314 Principle of complementarity, 322 Potential trans-national nature of core crimes, Principle of legality, 328, 368 465 Principle of mandatory prosecution, 558 Poursuites, 325 Principle of non-intervention, 349 Powerful politicians, 5 Principle of prosecutorial fairness, 20 Powerful States, 349 Prioritization, 333, 343, 355, 406 Power to adjudicate, 588 Prior request for extradition, 354, 358 Powles, 224, 225 Prior responsibility, 335 Pratt and Morgan, 508 Prison authorities, 501 Preamble, 49, 51, 52, 246, 325, 354, 381 Prison law, 501 Precede, 213, 232 Private acts, 529 Pre-emptive, 243 Private enterprise, 125 Prefecture of Voiotia case, 525 Private entity, 96, 97 Preliminary examination phase, 601 Private individuals, 294 Premeditation, 43, 119 Private prosecution, 382–384, 593 Pre-requisite, 172, 177, 213, 481 Privilege against self-incrimination, 345, 375 Prerogative, 265, 270, 593 Privileged position, 167, 170 Prescription, 422, 464, 476 Privileged State, 333 Preservation of evidence, 599 Privileges and immunities, 565 President Carlos Menem, 456 Privy Council, 508, 510, 650 President of Argentina, 456, 506 Procedural bar, 236, 279 President of Bolivia, 526 Procedural defects, 372 President of the Republic of Cuba, 521 Procedural iter, 386, 600 President of Zimbabwe, 520 Procedural laws, 5, 6, 565 President’s discretion, 501, 502 Procedural obligations, 385 Press censoring, 428 Procedural perspective, 605 Presumptio iuris tantum, 160, 407, 433 Procedural unfairness, 375 Presumptio juris tantum, 407, 433 Production of evidence, 214, 600 Presumption, 412, 556 Progressive, 228, 239, 240, 251 Presumption of innocence, 374 Progressive restatement of international law, Presumption of juridical interest, 59 605 Presumptive jurisdiction, 588–590, 592 Prohibition of discrimination, 424, 448, 476 Presumptive order of priorities, 343 Prohibition of genocide, 91 Pretoria, 20, 21, 619 Prohibition of inhuman and degrading Pre-trial detention, 575 treatment, 583 Prevention, 77–79, 82, 620 Prohibition of torture, 324, 369, 384, 416–418, Previous extradition request, 355 424, 427, 431, 469, 471, 474, 493, 497, Priebke, 423, 641 499, 507, 514, 526, 527, 529 Primacy, 215, 224, 254 Proliferation, 612 Prima facie case, 355 Proliferation of courts and tribunals, 565 Primary jurisdiction, 294 Prolonged suffering, 514 Primary obligations of States, 75 Prominent opponent, 342 Index 685

Promising prospect for an effective 507–509, 511, 514, 520, 526, 532, 559, investigation and prosecution, 253 566, 569, 570, 589, 594, 605, 606, 620 Proprio motu powers, 217, 281 Punishment of perpetrators, 381 Pro-Russian rebels, 371 Punto Final, 464 Prosecuting forum, 557 Pure political crime, 439 Prosecuting state, 476, 512 Pure political offence, 419 Prosecution in absentia, 573 Purported amnesty, 222 Prosecution of perpetrators, 71, 115 Purpose of international criminal law, 32, 589 Prosecution Service v T, 441, 469, 647 Purposes of the treaty, 244 Prosecutor-General of the Supreme Court v Purposive interpretation, 224 Desiré Delano Bouterse, 341, 348, 635 Prosecutorial discretion, 246, 379 Q Prosecutorial strategy, 599 Qualification, 224, 230, 237 Prosecutor of the ICC, 196 Qualified duty, 607 Prosecutors, 321, 363, 373, 383 Qualified erga omnes obligation, 325, 337 Prosecutor’s policy papers, 218 Qualitative gravity, 327 Prosecutor v Enver Hadžihasanović and Amir Quantitative gravity, 327 Kubura, 329, 637 Quash, 227 Prosecutor v Morris Kallon, 321, 638 Quasi-judicial ad hoc entities, 456 Prosequi vel dedere, 356 Quasi-judicial authorities, 516 Prospective international law, 352 Quasi-prosecutorial role, 608 Prospective violation, 427, 469, 496 Querellantes, 71, 366 Prospect of release, 500, 501, 504, 505 Questions of Interpretation and Application of Prost, 150, 151, 167, 195, 266, 271, 275, 292 the 1971 Montreal Convention Arising Prostitution, 124 from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie Protected human rights, 368 (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v UK), 180, Protest, 426 183, 625 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Questions Relating to the Obligation to against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Extradite or Prosecute (Belgium v located on the Continental Shelf, 447 Senegal), 574, 654 Protocol No. 7 to the ECHR, 481 Protocol on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts R of Violence at Airports Serving Race, 424, 516 International Civil Aviation, 447 Radical complementarity, 227 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, Radu, 433, 643 448 Ragazzi, 331, 338 Protracted violence, 128 Raison d’être, 6 Provisional measures, 321, 362, 636 Ramda, 471 Public administrators, 595 Ramsden, 270 Public execution, 510 Randall, 338, 339, 344 Public interest, 385 Rape, 362, 375, 430, 573 Public international law, 8 Rape victims, 375 Publicists, 5, 9, 10, 614 Rastan, 33, 343, 344, 605, 606 Public Prosecutor, 327, 334, 335, 348, 349, Ratification, 17, 173, 177, 180, 195, 243, 266, 351, 382, 383, 421–423, 449, 483, 498, 273, 404 506, 510, 514, 521, 593, 594, 632, 633, Ratio legis, 419 635, 638–642, 646, 647, 649, 651 Rationae loci, 362 Public Prosecutor v Joseph Mpambara, 326, Rationae materiae, 357 635 Rationae personae, 357 Public Prosecutor v Sebastien Nzapali, 379, Rationae temporis, 328, 362, 365 635 Ratner, 98 Punishment, 71, 77, 78, 82, 421, 426, 439–441, Realpolitik, 20, 200, 584 446, 447, 449, 454, 464–466, 477, 478, Real risk of ill-treatment, 495 480, 481, 490, 493–496, 499, 503–505, Real risk requirement, 471 686 Index

Reasonable expedition, 387 Repressive system, 337 Reasonable grounds, 572 Republic of Chad, 330, 363 Reasonable grounds to believe, 494 Requested State, 214, 233, 252–255, 260, 261, Reasonable suspicion, 382, 575 263, 265, 272, 278, 284, 289, 293, 296, Rebel militia, 55 297, 418, 420, 425, 435, 438, 440–450, Receiving State, 293 453, 465, 466, 468, 476, 482, 484, 494, Reciprocity, 296, 404 498, 508 Reconciliation, 376, 377, 454, 458–461 Requesting country, 420, 474, 494, 508, 511 Reconstruction, 376 Requesting State, 413, 417–420, 425, 427, 428, Redress, 327, 360 435, 438, 441–445, 448, 450, 453, Reducibility of the sentence, 504 465–468, 471, 472, 475, 494, 503, 506, Referendum, 47 508, 512, 513, 516, 517 Referral, 157, 159, 179, 181–189, 191, 198, Research questions, 10 199 Reservation, 246, 424 Referral to the ICC, 72 Reservations to the Convention on the Refoulement, 368 Prevention and Punishment of the Refugee Convention, 78 Crime of Genocide, 330, 636 Refugee laws, 515–517, 604 Residence, 356, 360, 379 Refugees, 558 Res inter alios acta, 166, 272 Refugee shelter, 576 Res judicata, 434, 478, 479, 481, 484, 491, Regime, 167–169, 172, 173, 175–177, 181, 594, 600 188–190, 193, 195, 199, 200 Res judicata facet, 232, 237 Regime of cooperation, 6 Resolution on Immunity from Jurisdiction of Region, 599 the State and of Persons who act on Regional complementarity, 227 Behalf of the State in case of Regional court, 381, 433, 467, 496, 647, 652 International Crimes, 526 Regional criminal court, 34 Resolutive conditions, 427, 513 Regional extradition agreements, 420 Responsibility to enforce, 314 Regional human rights courts, 478 Responsibility to prevent, 73, 79 Regional human rights instruments, 444 Responsibility to prevent atrocities, 194 Regional human rights law, 134, 583 Responsibility to prosecute, 73 Regional human rights mechanisms, 558 Responsibility to protect, 192, 193, 314, 583 Regional level, 565 Responsibility to protect norm, 193 Regional mechanisms, 604 Responsibility to protect principle, 73, 74, 76, Regional prosecutions, 35 77, 386 Regional stability, 329 Responsibility to rebuild, 73, 194 Regional treaties, 404, 406 Restorative justice, 376 Registrar of the ICC, 196 Restraining device, 336 Rehabilitation, 504, 505 Restrictive approach, 286 Related obligations, 566, 576 Restrictive interpretation, 244, 246, 286, 583 Related political crime, 439 Retentionist States, 511, 512, 514 Relative political offence, 419 Rethinking Criminal Law, 343 Release, 222, 257 Retribution, 78 Religion, 345, 424, 516 Retributive justice, 373 Remedial measures, 73 Retroactive penal law, 368 Remedial powers, 589 Retroactive ratification, 464, 606 Remedy, 190, 200, 222, 256, 261–264 Rettinger, 495, 650 Remetin v Croatia, 384, 634 Reversal of aut dedere, 356 Remit of criminal courts, 592 Reverse cooperation, 154 Reopen an investigation, 592 Review, 172, 179, 180, 192, 196–198 Reparation, 114, 584 Reydams, 558 Repatriation, 368 Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, 380, 638 Reports, 330, 331, 359, 374, 376, 636 Right of complementarity, 333 Repressive measures, 589 Right of third States, 329, 330, 387 Index 687

Rights of peoples to self-determination, 331 Rule of speciality, 419 Rights of the accused, 379 Rules of law, 353 Rights of the defence, 379 Rules of procedure and evidence, 375 Rights of victims, 382, 460, 465, 589 Rumania, 329 Right to a fair trial, 349, 379, 384, 418, 424, Rusha case, 352, 637 444, 470–472, 474, 476, 477, 516 Russia, 67, 102, 199, 293, 371, 481, 485, 487, Right to a national effective remedy, 384, 457 497, 507, 510, 607, 644, 645 Right to habeas corpus, 347 Russian Federation Constitution, 552 Right to hope, 504 Russian mafias, 349 Right to individual petition, 467 Ruto, 100, 621 Right to intervene, 73 Ruvebana, 372, 373, 376, 377 Right to know, 388, 569, 570 Ruzindana, 92, 622 Right to liberty, 583 Rwanda, 52, 53, 327, 328, 351, 358, 372, Right to life, 368, 381, 384, 582, 583 374–376, 421, 427, 443, 468, 469, 472, Right to self-determination, 332 481, 506, 510, 606, 646, 647, 649, 651 Right to truth, 385, 388, 569 Rwandan Criminal Courts, 472, 505 Right to vote, 188 Rwandan criminal justice, 376 Rigid definition, 439 Rwandan genocide, 48 Rigoberta Menchu Tum et al. v Ríos Montt Rwandan government officials, 374 et al., 335, 632 Rwandan law, 469, 483 Rikhof, 351, 352, 358, 360 Rwandan Supreme Court, 506 Riley, 450, 453, 647 R. Wijngaarde and R.A.L. Hoost v Desiré Ríos Montt, 363–365, 532, 638 Delano Bouterse, 341, 633 Rios regime, 366 Ryngaert, 258, 264, 335, 336, 340, 344, 349, Risk of being tortured, 494, 516 351, 357, 360, 365 Risk of torture, 417, 497, 507, 517 Ritual of execution, 509 S Road to Rome, 610 Saadi, 369, 474, 634 Robertson, 62, 70 Saakashvili, 438 Robinson, 71, 94, 98, 100, 313, 314, 440, 458, Sacramento County Main Jail, 495 462, 527, 530, 556, 642 Safe havens, 341, 557 Rocket, 446 Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, 158, 179, 191, 217, 218, Rodenhauser, 97, 98 223–231, 234, 237, 239, 240, 250–252, Rodney King case, 343, 633 624, 626–628 Rodríguez, 383, 636 Sailer, 487, 645 Rogier, 601 Saint-Denis, 103 Rogue State, 11, 47, 53–55, 385 Same case, 228, 251 Rojo, 258, 265 Same conduct, 216, 224, 228, 235–240, 248, Role splitting, 323 249, 251, 253, 254, 297 Rome, 33 Same person, 233, 237, 238, 249, 251 Rome Negotiating Text, 312 Samiha Abbas Hijazi et al. v Ariel Sharon, 348, R (on the application of Smith 349, 632 (FC) (Respondent)) v Secretary of State Sanctions, 184, 188, 190, 191, 199, 200, 325, for Defence (Appellant) and another, 332, 406 387, 638 Sandoval Rodríguez, 463 Roth, 354–356, 441 Sang, 100, 621 Rudimentary rights, 347 San José, 376 RUF, 44 Santiago, 463 Rukundo v Federal Office of Justice, 172, 183, Sarić, 558, 653 624 Sarin gas, 54 Rule 58, ICTY RPE, 18 Sarkin, 613 Rule of law, 54, 384, 589, 609–611 Satik, 387 Rule of Law Project, 528 Saudi Arabia, 102 Rule of non-inquiry, 420, 443 Saul, 476 688

Saville, Lord, 527 Serbian Government, 468 Sawoniuk, 499 Serious human rights violations, 458, 464, 529 Schabas, 133, 170, 174, 178, 184, 185, 189, Seriousness, 48, 51 196, 197, 334, 351, 359, 384, 441, 456, Seventh Protocol to the ECvHR, 479, 481 458, 461, 462, 472, 476, 511, 646 Severity of the sentence, 357 Scharf, 92 Sevtap Veznedaroğlu v Turkey, 387, 570, 634, Schengen acquis, 241 653 Schlunck, 292 Sexual abuse, 509 School of thought, 405 Sexual exploitation, 124 Schrijver, 99 SGL Carbon AG v Commission of the Schuerch, 137 European Communities, 379, 634 Schwarzeneger, 495 Shades of grey, 265 Scilingo, 364, 423, 632, 640 Shah, 260, 289, 291 Scobbie, 244 Sham prosecution, 372 Scotland, 360 Sham trials, 222, 244 Scottish criminal law, 371 Shared duty, 600 Scottish judges, 371 Shared ideology, 118 SCSL, 7, 33, 35, 36, 127, 132, 152, 267–269, Shared responsibility, 81 284, 461, 462, 477, 518, 620, 624, 631, Shari’a, 513 650 Sharon, 348, 421, 520, 530, 642 Secondary role, 598 Shelton, 345 Secondary victim, 611 Shestopalov v Russia, 593, 655 Second trial, 477 Shielding, 221, 231, 242, 594 Secretary of State, 421, 472, 474, 493, 496, Shining Path, 44 509, 642, 646, 647 Shootings, 103 Secret detention centre, 380 Short, 487, 496, 504, 509, 517, 647 Sectoral conventions, 122 Sicilian mafia, 349 Security, 358, 377, 379 Siebert-Fohr, 456, 463, 569, 572, 574, 583, 606 Security Council Sanctions Committee, 185 Sierra Leone, 44, 450, 454, 461 Security principle, 62–64, 68, 73 Sierra Leone blanket amnesties, 458 Selective approach, 352 Simbeye, 168, 267, 275, 290, 291, 325, 530 Selective prosecutions, 33, 608 Simbikangwa, 327, 328, 382, 423, 641 Self-amnesties, 457 Simón, 71, 464, 620, 641 Self-amnesty law, 457 Simone Gbagbo, 220, 228, 239, 240, 251, 628, Self-assumption of jurisdiction, 556, 557 629 Self-delegitimization, 60, 282, 289, 327, 567 Simónetal, 552, 653 Self-delegitimization process, 60, 282, 327, Sindona v Grant, 491 567 Single area of criminal justice, 452 Self-incrimination, 373 Sixth central court for preliminary proceedings, Self-referral, 78, 185, 273 346, 637 Semi-internationalized tribunal, 16, 153 Sixth Protocol to the ECvHR Concerning the Sending State, 292–295, 467, 507, 526 Abolition of the Death Penalty, 427 Senegal, 532, 612 Slavery, 123–125 Senegalese judicial system, 362 Slavko Dokmanović, 359, 637 Senegalese law, 330, 362 Slovenia, 360, 432, 452, 516, 532, 652 Senegalese-Mauritanian conflict, 498 Sluiter, 148–156, 159, 160, 167, 168, 173, 175, Senegalese territory, 330 177, 179–182, 185, 187–189, 195–198, Senior District Judge at Bow Street 200, 210, 213, 214, 232, 246, 253, 262, Magistrates’ Court, 520 265, 273, 275, 276, 286, 292, 295–297, Senior leaders, 598 312, 313, 362, 423, 441, 463, 473, 530, Senior ministers, 519 588, 590 Sentencia (In re Corte Penal Internacional), Slye, 5 383, 633 Smith, 387, 638 Serbia, 326 Smyth, 442, 652 Index 689

Snedden, 439, 647 Speciality, 212, 296, 297 Sobanski, 457, 642 Speciality doctrine, 420 Social fabric, 376 Specialized divisions, 35 Socio-economic growth, 137 Specialized judicial panels, 601 Socio-legal experiments, 373 Specialized units, 35 Soering, 470, 471, 473, 474, 500, 508, 509, Specialized war crimes units, 577 517, 646 Special prosecutions, 35 Soering precedent, 510, 514 Special Prosecutor v Col Mengistu Sofaer, 443 Hailemariam and 173 Others, The, 358, Soft law obligations, 571 635 Solange II, 148, 623 Special Rapporteur, 524 Solid infrastructure, 313 Special Rapporteur on Torture, 497 Solid platform, 312 Special Referral Bench, 190 Solitary confinement, 503, 505, 506 Special war crimes court, 613 Somalia, 53, 136 Specific amnesties, 460 Song, Judge, 610 Specific emergency measures, 454 Sources, 8, 9, 412, 413 Specific function, 267 South Africa, 20, 21, 186, 187, 258, 271, Specific requirements, 255, 259 277–279, 286, 332, 360, 381, 424, 454, Spectre of the execution, 509 455, 466, 506, 508, 513, 520, 532, 607, Speculative, 240 619, 625, 629, 631, 633, 636, 641, 647, Sphere of competence, 214 650 Spillover effect, 68 South African Constitutional Court, 382, 485 Splinter groups, 128 South African Defence Force, 454 Srebrenica, 81, 112, 468, 518, 620, 647 South African Government, 187 Srebrenica cases, 385, 635 South African High Court, 21 Srebrenica massacre, 326 South African ICC Act, 520 Sri Lankan Panel of the Consultation Task South American desaparecidos, 376 Force on Reconciliation Mechanisms, South Asian Association for Regional 613 Cooperation, 446 Stade de France, 103 South Korea, 358, 382 Stages of the criminal justice process, 477 South Sudanese law, 371 Stahn, 149, 150, 152, 153 South West Africa cases, 332, 636 Standard of probability, 604 Sovereign equality of States, 349 Standard of proof, 114, 517, 604 Sovereign equals, 519 Standard of protection, 435 Sovereign States, 269, 297 Stand-by judicial mechanism, 24 Sovereignty, 5, 60–63, 73, 74, 76, 79, 82 Stanford, 500 Sovu residents, 375 State acquiescence, 340 Spain, 67, 335, 346, 356, 359, 360, 363–365, State action assessment, 220, 221 367, 380, 383, 421, 423, 435, 441, 475, State agents, 572 521, 605, 607, 632, 637, 640, 648 State aggravated responsibility, 43, 105, 106, Spanish Audiencia Nacional, 520 112, 131, 134 Spanish authorities, 347 State cooperation, 33, 35, 123 Spanish-German Extradition Treaty, 442, 646 State crime, 44 Spanish jurisdiction, 335, 364 State criminality, 47, 52 Spanish jurisprudence, 366 State discretion, 353, 417, 444 Spanish law, 358 State immunity, 518, 524, 525, 531, 532 Spanish Supreme Court, 364, 380 State inability, 90 Special cooperation devices, 42, 55, 594 State investigation, 170, 177 Special Court Against Terrorism, 138 State involvement, 46, 47, 90 Special courts, 35, 37, 566, 568, 575, 598, State-like entities, 294 612–614 State-likeness, 100 Special criminal court for events in Darfur, 363 State-like organization, 91 Special Genocide Law, 427 Statements from victims, 382 690 Index

State obligations, 17, 18, 182, 191, 255, 330, Straffeloven, 349 334, 337, 385, 386, 426, 462, 564, 571, Strafgesetzbuch, 558 583 Strasbourg Court, 379, 387, 422, 474, 570 State obligation to cooperate, 12 Strasbourg jurisprudence, 497 State obligation to prosecute crimes against Street Children case, 385, 569 humanity, 464 Strict liability, 197, 198 State of emergency, 428 Structural failure, 54 State of health of the victim, 503 Structural impunity, 78 State of nationality, 329, 330, 332 Structure of judicial institutions, 379 State ordinary responsibility, 134 Stumbling blocks, 604 State or organizational policy, 93, 95, 100 Sub-Commission on Minorities, 589 State Parties, 166, 171–173, 175, 176, Sub iudice, 223, 248, 287, 327 178–180, 182–185, 187–190, 198–200 Subjective approach, 453, 454 State party referral, 199 Subjective fear, 516 State policy, 99, 434 Subjectivity, 242 State power, 582, 584 Subject of international law, 377 State practice, 323, 334–336, 339, 340, 344, Submit to prosecution, 566, 572, 575–577 345, 349, 357, 366, 367, 412, 413, 423, Subpoena, 312, 632 424, 427, 440–442, 446, 463, 466, 473, Subsequent proceedings, 236 485, 490, 509, 513, 515, 517, 521, 522, Subsidiaridad, 335 524, 526–528, 530, 531, 565, 567, 568, Subsidiarity, 61, 153, 327, 330, 335, 336, 365, 605, 607, 614 600 State referral, 185, 192 Subsidiary body, 564 State responsibility, 176, 188–190, 605 Subsidiary obligation, 405 States, 321–327, 329–333, 335, 336, 338, Subsidiary prosecutor, 594 340–345, 347–350, 353, 354, 356–358, Subsidiary universal jurisdiction, 335, 336 360, 362, 363, 366, 368, 378, 379, Substantial grounds, 438, 446, 474, 475, 494, 381–384, 386–388, 636, 638 508, 517 State Sovereignty, 425, 449, 557 Substantial grounds test, 508, 517, 604 State-sovereignty approach, 584 Substantial interaction, 388 State-sponsored terrorism, 130 Substantially collapsed, 219, 226 State’s prerogative, 444 Substantive international criminal law, 413 State v Sergeant Stacey Koon, Officer Substantive justice, 375 Theodore J. Briseno, Officer Timothy E. Successful prosecution, 239 Wind, Officer Laurence Powell, The, Successive federal prosecution, 493 343, 633 Sudan, 169, 178, 186, 187, 196, 199, 607, 624, Stationing of troops, 294 625 Status of Forces Agreements, 293 Suffering, 474, 475, 499, 509, 515 Status of international organizations, 37, 79, Sufficient evidence, 224 112, 195, 280 Sui generis characteristics, 386 Statute of the IHT, 7, 36, 159, 363, 514, 611 Sui generis core crime, 385 Statute of the SCSL, 461 Sui generis ICC regime, 173 Statute of the STL, 378 Sui generis organizations, 294 Statutes of limitations, 419, 422–424, 464 Sui generis prosecutions, 32 Statutory framework, 277, 599 Sui generis (special) courts, 371 Statutory limitations, 382, 422–424, 457, 490, Sui generis trials, 612 498, 611 Sulaiman Al-Adsani v UK, 331, 634 Stein, 523 Suleymane Guengueng and Others v Senegal, Stigen, 71 360, 638 Stigma, 425, 528 Summary executions, 460 STL, 7, 35, 36, 64, 65, 152, 329, 600, 620 Super-customary law, 341 Stockholm District Court, 499, 650 Super-customary norm, 341 Stockholm Programme, 378 Superfluous, 610 Stoning, 514 Supervisory body, 467 Index 691

Supplementary Treaty, 442, 443 Tapley, 442, 651 Suppression convention, 65, 120, 130, 131, Tatchell, 520, 640 406, 407 Taylor, 35, 36, 152, 518, 524, 620, 624, 650 Suppression of core crimes, 321, 328 Taylor, Melinda, 230, 267–269, 283–285, 288, Supranational crimes, 44 631 Supra-national human rights court, 372 Tejedor García v Spain, 383, 634 Supranational model, 195 Teleological approach, 169, 200, 592 Supranational model of cooperation, 149 Teleological role, 590 Supreme Court of Chile, 463 Temple of international justice, 367 Supreme Court of Israel, 638 Tension, 271, 272, 278, 283 Supreme Court of Senegal, 330 Terminological distinctions, 32 Supreme Court of the Netherlands, 348, 379, Terms of imprisonment, 242 422, 506, 518 Terra incognita, 378 Supreme Court of Uganda, 514, 651 Territorial jurisdiction, 217, 218, 253, 277, Supreme Court of Zimbabwe, 510 329, 330, 335, 341, 350, 363, 364, 367, Supreme law, 552 375, 387, 600 Supreme National Baathification Commission, Territorial State, 325, 329, 330, 332, 333, 335, 159 336, 349, 365, 566, 568, 569 Surinam, 341, 348 Territory, 605, 606 Surrender, 600 Terrorism, 120–122, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138, Suspect, 313, 610 139, 354, 355, 378, 380, 405–407, 429, Suspensive conditions, 454 444, 446, 454, 491, 505, 520, 525 Sustainable Development Goals, 614 Terrorist attack, 102 Swart, 167, 174, 175, 177, 183, 195, 197, 211, Terrorist bombing, 370 213, 249, 252–254, 273, 276, 297, 591, Terrorist organization, 369 592 Terrorists, 447 SWCC, 7 Third State, 36, 135, 181, 568, 572 Sweden, 430, 467, 472, 474, 556, 558, 643, Third State prosecutions, 328 645, 647, 650 Thirlway, 412 Swiss Court, 519 Threat of Torture, 494, 497 Swiss Federal Criminal Court, 524 Threat to the peace, 191, 192, 199, 200, 329 Swiss proportionality theory, 438 Threshold, 114 Switzerland, 360, 607 Threshold of criminality, 220 Sylvère Ahorugeze v Sweden, 374, 634 Tibet, 347, 367 Synergy, 255 Tihomir Blaškić, 321, 637 Syria, 54, 55, 67, 72, 74, 600, 608 Tillier, 179 Syrian armed conflict, 556 Time-barring, 382 Syrian government, 102 Tladi, 271, 272, 286, 290 Syria’s war, 608 Tobruk, 158 Systematic exclusion, 270 Toolkit, 517 Systematic harm, 68, 69, 82 Torquil Dick Erikson v Italy, 572, 653 Systematic terror, 103 Torture, 230, 236, 259, 260, 262–266, 269, Systematic terrorism, 103 289–291, 324–326, 330, 341, 346, 358, Systematic torture, 360 360, 364, 368, 369, 380, 382, 385, 386, Systematic violations of human rights, 467 436, 437, 445, 446, 451, 459, 460, 463, System criminality, 44, 51, 55, 594 471, 474, 476, 486, 493–498, 504, 506–509, 511, 513, 515, 522, 525–528, T 552, 569, 570, 573, 574, 604, 638, 652 Tacit acquiescence, 340 Torture Victim Protection Act, 529 Tacit precondition for extradition, 449 Toshiba, 480, 643 Tadić, 52, 103, 128, 168, 566, 584, 590, 620, Touvier, 352, 633 622, 623, 625, 655 Tower of Pisa, 167, 606 Tahir Hussain Khan v Canada, 369, 638 Trabelsi, 504, 505, 644 Taliban, 293 Traditional exceptions in extradition, 436 692 Index

Trafficking in human beings, 120, 123–125, Types of immunities, 267 129, 130, 139, 368, 429, 452 Tyrer, 509 Trafficking of blood diamonds, 44 Tzanakopoulos, 171, 179, 180, 194, 198 Trafficking of firearms, 122 Trafficking Protocol, 120, 122, 123 U Trahan, 226 Ubi lex voluit lex dixit, 407 Trans-border effects, 329 UCK, 371 Trans-boundary crime, 465 UDHR, 6, 332, 468, 469, 477 Transfer, 17, 18 Uganda, 168, 196, 625 Transfer of proceedings, 264, 265 UK, 421, 423, 430, 433, 438, 441, 442, 452, Transitional justice institutions, 377 468, 470–472, 474, 496, 497, 502–505, Transitional Period in South Sudan, 371 508, 509, 516, 520, 524, 526, 529, 607, Transitory authority, 598 640, 642, 644, 646, 647, 650, 651 Translation difficulties, 452 UK High Court of Justice, 423 Transnational corporations, 44 UK Human Rights Act, 387 Transnational crimes, 119, 120, 123, 134 Ukraine, 67 Transnational organized crimes, 65, 66, 112, UK soldiers, 387 115, 118–124, 126, 129–132, 135, 138, Ulterior infringements, 582 349, 377, 404, 421 Ultimate arbiter, 218, 241, 264 Travaux preparatoires, 257, 337, 492 Ultra vires, 556 Treatment of offenders, 419 Ultra vires acts, 290 Treatment of the accused, 420 UN, 36, 112, 119, 120, 126, 135, 136, 419, Treaty-based crimes, 134 445, 446, 455, 463, 477, 515, 518, 598 Treaty-crime, 121 Unable, 170, 173, 607, 609, 613 Treaty interpretation, 270, 272 Unable to investigate and prosecute, 78 Treaty law, 244, 272, 326, 412 Unable to prosecute, 364 Treaty of Amsterdam, 322 UN and Sierra Leone Bilateral Agreement, 36 Treaty of Rome, 343 UN-assisted tribunals, 193 Treaty on the Functioning of the European UN-authorized operations, 295 Union, 33 UNC, 17, 104, 178, 179, 181–183, 188, 191, Treaty practice, 323 192, 195, 198, 199, 321, 426, 469, 518 Treholt, 500 UNCATOC, 120, 122–125 Trials, 609, 610 UNCHR, 589 Trials in absentia, 4, 7, 19, 445, 477 UNCLOS, 136 Tribunal of Arezzo, 525 UN Committee against Torture, 463, 495 Tribunal of First Instance of Brussels, 340, 638 Uncompromising formula, 381 Trickery, 359 Unconditional obligation, 355 Triggering mechanism, 174 Uncontested admissibility, 159 Trigger mechanism, 178, 200, 272 UN Convention Against Illicit Trafficin Trinidad and Tobago, 360 Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Tripoli, 158 Substances, 355 Trump, President, 292 Underlying assumption, 384 Trustees, 327, 330 UN Development Goals, 614 Truth, 345, 357, 373, 376, 385, 388 UN Diplomatic Conference of Truth commissions, 456, 458 Plenipotentiaries, 44 Trybunał Konstytucyjny, 429, 651 Unemployment, 137 Tunis, 345 Unfair trial, 158, 159, 328, 357, 362, 437, 444, Tunisia, 369 470, 471, 476, 511, 512, 599 Turansky, 484 UNGA, 7, 9, 21, 180, 185, 191, 193, 325, 332 Turk, 60, 63 UNGA official records, 353 Turkey, 102, 329, 387, 439, 470, 473, 505, UNGA Resolution, 7, 120, 356, 575, 608 509–511, 644, 645 UN High Commission for Refugees, 515 Turkey’s Parliament, 511 UN-ICC Negotiated Relationship Agreement, Tutsi, 499 189 Index 693

UN-ICC Relationship Agreement, 283 274–276, 279–281, 287, 288, 322, 341, Uniform international practice, 455 574, 606–608 Unilateral exclusion, 323 UNSC Resolution 1593, 157, 178, 198, 278, Unilateral reservation, 323 280, 286, 287 Unilateral universal jurisdiction, 340 UNSC Resolution 1970, 157 UN International Residual Mechanism for UNSC Resolution 827, 177 Criminal Tribunals, 21 UNSC Resolution 955, 177 Unión Progresista de Fiscales de España et al. UNSC Sanctions Committee, 185 v. Pinochet, 335, 632 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the UNITAD, 608 Treatment of Prisoners, 504 United Nations Committee Against Torture, UN Sub-Committee on the Prevention of 463 Torture, 431 United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in UNTAET Regulation, 347 Tehran (USA v Iran) (Iranian Hostages UN Transitory Authority for Eastern Timor, case), 622 347 United States-led coalition, 102 Unwilling, 336, 363, 365, 382, 607, 609, 613 Universal crime, 64 Unwillingness, 47, 48, 51, 129, 155, 160, 372, Universal criminal jurisdiction, 527 594 Universality principle, 344, 348 Unwilling to investigate and prosecute, 77, 170 Universal jurisdiction, 42, 51, 53, 130, 134, Unwilling to prosecute, 336 135, 137, 282, 291, 322, 326–330, Uruguay, 360, 376, 454, 458, 464, 557, 648 333–335, 337, 339–344, 347–352, Uruguay’s Expiry Law, 457 356–367, 370, 372, 380, 384, 405–407, USA, 67, 78, 154, 157, 199, 200, 426, 427, 421, 459–461, 463, 469, 476, 478, 483, 429, 432, 439, 440, 442, 443, 446, 465, 497, 556–558, 565, 567, 568, 573, 576, 468, 485, 491–493, 495, 502, 505, 506, 577, 582, 584, 589, 594, 600, 601, 509–511, 513, 524, 526, 529, 607, 612, 605–609, 614 613, 642, 649–652 Universal jurisdiction in absentia, 340, 348, Usacka, 582, 598, 600 349, 482, 573 USA Constitution, 552 Universal legal injury, 79, 80 USA Court of Appeals, 442, 443, 445, 469, Universal responsibility, 74 491, 492, 524, 526, 651, 652 Universal values, 64, 525 USA Courts, 421, 443, 529, 652 UN Mechanism for International Criminal USA detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Tribunals, 328 346 UN Member States, 18, 148, 157, 329, 366 USA federal system, 427 UN Model Treaty on Extradition, 419, 453 USA government, 359 UNODC, 136 USA-ICC relationship, 292 UNODC Counter-Piracy Programme, 136 USA-Italy Extradition Treaty, 427 UN peace-keeping force, 421 USA law, 44 UN peacekeeping troops, 178 USA prison, 506 UN Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch, USA sanctions, 293 119 USA serviceman, 529 UN protective mechanisms, 77 USA Supplementary Extradition Treaties, 441 UN Refugee Convention, 368 USA Supreme Court, 138 UN resolutions, 528 USA territory, 359 UNSC, 9, 10, 74, 78, 152, 157, 159, 167, 172, USA v Fawaz Yunis, 339, 639 177–180, 182–188, 190–195, 198–200, USA v Omar Mohammed Ali Rezaq, 339, 354, 325, 329, 341 639 UNSC referral, 176, 183, 184, 191, 199, 218, USA v Ramzi Ahmed Yousef et al., 339, 639 275, 276, 279, 281, 286–289, 329 Use of force, 387 UNSC Resolution, 16, 19, 72, 81, 105, 157, Utility, 22, 23 173, 176, 178–180, 182, 183, 185, 189, Uzbekistan, 473, 607 191, 194, 198, 199, 217, 218, 252, 694 Index

V Victims, 122, 124, 125, 129, 138, 155, 190, Valid detention, 359 200, 236, 245, 248, 262, 264, 328, 342, Value-driven connotation, 376 343, 355, 364, 366, 376, 378, 379, 382, van Alebeek, 114, 525, 527, 528, 530, 531 383, 455–457, 462, 467, 498, 569–572, Vandeginste, 328 574, 575, 577, 604, 605, 614 van den Herik, 91, 99, 152 Victim support service, 593 van den Wyngaert, 222, 232, 236, 237, 244, Victores, 532 245, 290, 630 Videla, 486, 532, 640 van den Wyngaert, Judge, 95, 525, 529, 573, Videos documenting atrocities, 608 621, 654 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, van der Merwe and four others, 466, 647 526 van der Wilt, 44, 54, 55, 63, 64, 68–70, 79, 90, Vigilante jurisdiction, 71 101, 102, 120, 123, 125–129, 133, 136, Vigilante justice, 589 273, 289, 294, 327, 330, 331, 333, 335, Villagrán-Morales, 385, 636 342, 364–367, 383, 427, 433, 434, 438, Villa Grimaldi Torture Centre, 463 441–444, 469, 470, 474, 478, 479, 481, Vinter, 504, 505, 644 483–486, 488, 489, 494, 496, 508, 512, Violations of international humanitarian law, 513, 516, 517, 520 604, 608 van Esbroeck, 481, 488, 643 Violence, 334, 376 van Gend en Loos, 435, 643 Virginia, 508 Vanneste, 583, 584 Vučinić, Judge, 422, 644 van Schaack, 5 van Sliedregt, 432–434, 449, 450, 452, 453, W 523 Waiver, 382 van Steenberghe, 322–324, 354, 356 Waiver of immunity, 273, 289 Varec SA v Belgian State, 379, 634 Wald, Judge, 491, 651 Various Communications vs Mauritania, 321, War crimes, 44, 45, 48, 53, 94, 97, 99, 632 101–104, 322, 324, 326, 340, 342, 349, Various offences, 486 358, 360, 362, 365, 371, 384, 385, 404, Vasiliev, 169, 197 422, 430, 436, 440, 446, 451, 465, 472, Vasiljkovic, 439, 647 518, 523, 525, 533 VCLT, 166, 181, 338, 344, 345, 407, 582 War Crimes Act, 349, 421 Veil, 214 Watchdog, 216 Velásquez-Rodrίguez v Honduras, 383, 570, Weatherall, 288 583, 636, 655 Weeramantry, 344, 345 Velikova, 387, 634 Well-developed structure, 96 Venezia, 427, 509, 641 Well-founded fear, 448, 515–517 Venezuela, 376, 566 Well-founded risk of torture, 604 Verdict, 362, 373, 380, 638 Wellington, 496 Versailles Treaty, 426 Wellman, 64 Vertical axis, 329 Wemhoff, 455, 646 Vertical complementarity, 336 Werle, 43, 267, 424, 460, 461, 526 Vertical effect, 235 Westernized juridical world, 373 Verticality, 16, 148, 150 Westminster Magistrates' Court, 468, 472, 646 Vertical system, 330, 336, 362, 363, 365, 370 Westphalian Peace Treaties, 454 Vertical system of enforcement, 16, 19, 22, 23, Wetboek van Strafvordering, 348 25, 32, 139, 148–150, 152, 153, W.F, 487, 646 155–157, 159, 160, 166, 168, 170, 172, Whereabouts, 214, 223, 570 190, 210, 211, 215, 235, 243, 246, 258, White-collar crimes, 421 259, 264, 265, 270, 277, 278, 284, 288, Widespread and systematic attack, 573 297, 298, 312–314, 417, 420, 425, 434, Widespread consensus, 329 456, 466, 470, 493, 508, 518, 564, 565, Widespread harm, 68 604, 608, 614 Widespread or systematic attack, 93, 94, Vested right, 337 96–98, 100 Index 695

Williams, 35, 36 Yezidis, 67 Willingness criterion, 372 Yezidi victims, 576 Willingness to prosecute, 599 Yudkivska, Judge, 504, 644 Wilmshurst, 527, 530 Yugoslav wars, 332 Wise, 321, 322, 324, 344 Yusuf and Al Barkakaat International Withdrawal, 20, 607 Foundation v Council of the European Without delay, 214, 252, 263 Union and Commission of the European Witnesses, 229, 238, 253, 575, 595, 608, 612 Communities, 167, 624 Workable definition of core crimes, 43 Workman, Judge, 507, 520 Z World court, 604 Zahar, 423, 463, 473, 588, 590 World legislator, 592 Zairian army officer, 379 World War II, 352, 559 Zakaev, 438, 473, 507, 640 Would-be-executed, 514 Zappalà, 169, 521, 524 Would-be victims, 589 Zarb, 473, 645 Wrongful conviction, 229 Zardad, 405, 639 Wrongful omissions, 425 Zegveld, 570 Wynne, 500 Zejnil Delalić et al., 325, 567 Zemin, 367 Y Zennaro, 489, 641 Yaron, 520, 530, 642 Zentai, 430, 431, 436, 437, 450, 451, 472, 646, Yasin Abdullah Kadi v Council of the 647 European Union and Commission of the Zigarella, 482, 644 European Communities, 332, 634 Žigić, 113, 622 Yayi, 20 Zimbabwe Torture Docket case, 61, 381, 382, Yekatom, 265 620, 633 Yemen, 454 Zintan, 158 Yemeni national, 474 Zintani militia, 223 Yerodia, 267, 269, 290, 361, 362, 421, 518, Zintanis, 158, 223, 234 519, 523, 525, 526, 529, 532 Zintan Revolutionaries’ Military Council, 158 Yeung, 270 Zolothukin, 487 Yezidi minority, 576 Zuma, 21