UT098 Subject

TECHNICAL SERVICE RESPONSE NO.: UT098

Subject: Analyses of Two Experiencers’ Clothing Worn During an Abduction (Salt Fork State Park, Ohio, August 29-30, 2014) MUFON Case #59428

Date: February 1, 2018 Requested By: Tom Wertman Ohio MUFON State Director

Reported By: P. A. Budinger Analytical Scientist

Background/Objective:

On August 29-30, 2014 two men were on a fishing/camping trip at an Ohio state park (Salt Fork, Cambridge, Ohio). The older man (43) was accompanied by a young man (19) who was a friend of his daughter. The older man is a construction worker who owns his own business. They were camped by the lake shore with chairs about two feet from the water, and would routinely stoke the fire every hour. There was no one else in the vicinity. Late in the evening the two men saw a light low in the sky. It moved back and forth to tree top level. About 1:30 a.m. they heard a shrill ‘woman-sounding” voice. It should be noted that many stories of ‘high strangeness’ abound (bigfoot, hauntings, UFOs) at Salt Fork.1 There is a cave in the park with a waterfall where a girl supposedly died. The men became increasing nervous. After 1:30 a.m. the older man’s wife and daughter could not contact them. The men have no recollection of what happened for three hours. They became ‘aware’ at 5:19 a.m. in the morning. The fire was out. The men grabbed their belongings and changed clothes. As the older man changed clothes he noticed his shirt was inside out! It should be noted that no alcohol was in their cooler, only water.

There are two objectives of this analysis. The first is to identify any stains and spots left on various pieces of clothing for anomalies which may be related to the abduction. The second is to compare these results to two analyses, one done on the dress Betty Hill wore during her abduction2 and the other done on an experiencer’s tee shirt worn during an abduction in Winnipeg, Canada3.

1 Personal and YouTube communications. 2 Frontier Analysis Technical Service Response No: 025. 3 Frontier Analysis Technical Service Response No: 089. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 2

Conclusions:

It should be noted that these clothes were exposed to the environmental conditions encountered on the fishing trip. They were not new and exposed to other contaminants encountered wherever they were worn. For example, the older man did contract work and wore the zippered sweatshirt for that. Laundry soap and fabric softener residues are also a possibility. This analyst understood that finding something anomalous would be like looking for the proverbial “needle-in-a-haystack”. But certainly the attempt was worth a shot. Following are the results of this project.

The cargo shorts and sweatshirt were the only clothing that had visible and UV detectable stains to analyze. The fiber and dye were not attacked in either piece of clothing. Any discoloration is from the stain. All of the stains are on the outside of the clothing, suggesting they came from an external source. The belt, underwear and hat were not examined because there were no visible or ultraviolet fluorescing stain materials that were considered obviously anomalous for examination.

●The Cargo Shorts is made of cotton. Found on the shorts are dead grass remains, dirt components (carbonate and silicate minerals; humates), an amide containing material, probably from a dirt component4, but may be from a number of different protein derived sources. For example, a protein-type substance derives from animal/mold/bacteria, perspiration products, and blood. Some laundry additives contain an amide functionality. In the UV fluorescing areas are long carboxylic acid salts with carbon chain estimated to be 15 - 18 carbons. Specifically, zinc and calcium stearate are possibilities.

●The Zippered Gray Sweatshirt is made of a polyester (terephthalate type). Stains and spots consist of dirt components, paint components and amide which appear to be protein derived.5 UV fluorescing areas contain two long chain carboxylic acid salts which compare closely to zinc stearate and calcium stearate. These long chain carboxylic acid salts have many uses.6 There is a high probability they may originate from hand soap or stick deodorant. Still, these compounds should be flagged because many experiencers have UV fluorescing material on them after an abduction. (See Objective II Conclusions.)

4 Soil contains organic matter which contains partially decomposed material and living organisms like bacteria, algae, fungi, earthworms and microscopic insects. 5 See cargo shorts explanation of possible amide origins in the first conclusion. 6 Richard J. Lewis Sr., “Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary”, Fourteenth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 2001. Uses for zinc stearate include: cosmetics, laquers, ointments, dusting powder, lubricant, mold- release agent, filler, antifoamer, heat and light stabilizer, medicine (dermatitis), tablet manufacture, dietary supplement. Uses for calcium stearate include: water repellent, flatting agent in paints, lubricant in making tablets, emulsions, cements, wax crayons, stabilizer for vinyl resins, food additive, mold-release agent, cosmetics. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 3

The cargo shorts, striped polo, navy polo and a sleeveless shirt had visible and UV detectable stains to analyze. The fiber and dye were not attacked in any of the clothing. Discoloration is from the stain. All stains, except one (innocuous material found on the inside from of the navy polo shirt), were on the outside of the clothing which indicates external origin. The underwear, belt and socks were not examined due to lack of obviously anomalous stains.

●The Cargo Shorts is made of cotton. Materials in the stains consist of an amide from a protein derived source. (See Older Man’s cargo shorts analysis on Page 2 for possible sources of the amide.) There is also a long chain carboxylic acid salt which is most similar to zinc stearate.

●The Striped Polo Shirt (Outside Layer) is made of a cotton/polyester blend. All areas, which were white, were identified as paint components. The paint components are poly(ethyl acrylate), and calcium carbonate (white pigment/extender).

●The Navy Polo (Middle Layer) is made from cotton. Common materials compose the spots such as dirt components (silicate and carbonate minerals) and amides from a protein derived source (probably human skin flakes). The latter material was the only component found on the inside of the shirt.

●The Sleeveless Shirt (Inside Layer – Undershirt) fabric is a polyester. An amide was detected which was from perspiration. Also present was dirt and poly(dimethylsiloxane). Poly(dimethylsiloxane) is a commonly found contaminant and has many uses.

●A Small Vial Containing a Liquid was found in the cargo shorts pocket. The liquid was identified as a phthalate ester mixture. This is commonly used as insect repellent.

To date, this laboratory has examined clothing from four experiencers. Besides the two Salt Fork experiencers, the clothing worn by of Betty Hill (dress) and a Canadian experiencer (tee-shirt) were examined. Two tables comparing the clothing are presented on pages 24 and 25. The comparison indicates possible component types which appear on clothing from all four experiencers. These are long chain carboxylic acid salts, one of which may specifically be zinc stearate. So this is flagged as a component to look for in future analysis of clothing from experiencers.

Long chain carboxylic acid salts are very ordinary materials, and were not thought to be anomalous in previous analyses. These types of compounds have a plethora of uses. 7 Some are used in bar soap and stick deodorant in personal hygiene products. While

7 Ibid. Ref 5. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 4

there is a probability some may originate from these products, not all are believed to be from these sources. Some of these components were found on clothing areas where there is low probability of originating from a hygiene source.

It is also interesting that, for the most part, the carboxylic acid salts were found in UV fluorescing areas of the clothing. Many experiencers are reported to have UV fluorescing stains on their person or clothing.8 It should be noted that something does not have to be exotic or of unknown composition to be of alien origin.

Procedure:

Samples: The following samples were received March 20, 2015 in two cardboard boxes.

From the Older Man: ●Cargo Shorts ●Zippered Sweatshirt ●Belt ●Hat ●Underwear

From the Younger Man: (Note: The young man wore three layers of ‘shirts’.) ●Cargo Shorts ●Red and Black Striped Polo Shirt (Outside Layer) ●Navy Blue Long Sleeve Polo (Middle Layer) ●White sleeveless shirt (Inside Layer – Undershirt) ●Underwear ●Belt ●Socks

●The clothing was first examined for any visual stains and spots, and then for any areas which fluoresce under UV light.

Infrared9 spectra were obtained from visual and UV fluorescing stains/spots considered anomalous. That is, they were taken from selected stains, i.e. those that were not thought to be due to stains/spots commonly found on work clothes such as paint and dirt. These data were acquired mostly ‘in situ’, i.e. directly off the spot on the fabric. Some were taken from scrapings, and a few were obtained from water extracts. The data were acquired on the Thermo Electron Avatar 360 spectrometer using the Smart Herrick diamond sampling accessory. Photographs were obtained from the clothing and references from a Kodak CX7430 camera. Optical microscope photographs were obtained using a Canon A520 digital camera interfaced to a Leica GZ6 microscope.

8 Kathleen Marden, Personal Communication, Derrel Sims Personal Communication. 9 FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy): Infrared spectroscopy is used for the molecular structure identification and quantification of solids, liquids, and gases. An infrared spectrum is the result of light (in the 2 to 25 micron wavelength range) interacting with the vibrations of molecules. The particular set of vibrations of a molecule gives rise to specific spectral absorption bands, often referred to as the “fingerprint” spectrum. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 5

Results:

The analytical results of the individual tests done on the samples follow. These results are summarized in the conclusions section on pages one to three of this report.

The cargo shorts and sweatshirt only were examined by infrared spectroscopy. The other samples, i.e. belt, underwear and hat, did not have any visible and ultraviolet fluorescing stain material obviously anomalous for examination.

Cargo Shorts Photographs and Sampling Points: Photographs of the outside (front and back) of the shorts show locations of brown stain areas and the sampling sites. There were two areas detected by UV light. No stains were observed on the inside of the clothing, so photographs of the inside back and front are not included. Following are the photographs.

S3 (No Stain – Reference)

S2 S5

S1 (Black Speck)

Outside back of cargo Shorts T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 6

S7 S6 Seen by UV only

S8 Seen by UV

Outside front of cargo shorts

S6 S8 Detected under UV Light

Cargo Shorts Microscope Photographs: Microphotographs were obtained of the outside of three swatches S3 (reference), S5 and S6. They were taken in order to observe if there was any attack to the dye or fiber. None was observed. The remaining swatches had common stains of materials typically found on well-worn work clothing. (Note the frayed end on the top of S6 is the edge of the swatch.) The photographs follow.

S3 Reference S5 S6 T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 7

Cargo Shorts Infrared Analysis: Infrared analysis shows the cargo shorts fabric is cotton. The following table presents the results of the infrared inspection of each sampling. All spectra can be found in the appendix.

Sampling Infrared Characterization Figs. S1 (Dark Speck) Dead grass and mold. 1, 2 S2 (Black Speck) Amide (probably protein derived source - see comments 3 below). S3 (No Stain) Taken for reference. Identifies the shorts as being made of 3 cotton. S4 (Brown) Dirt components (carbonate and silicate minerals, humate). 4 S5 (Brown) Amide (probably protein type - see comments below) 5 S6* Ester-type material; two long chain carboxylic acid salts 6 which are indicative of zinc stearate and calcium stearate. S7 (Brown) Dirt component (silicate mineral). 7 S8* Two long chain carboxylic acid salts indicated to be zinc 8 stearate and calcium stearate. * UV detected.

Many natural substances contain an amide functional group. It is difficult to be more specific on the identification in these analyses. There was interference of other components and weak amide spectral absorption bands to deal with in a number of spectra. Possibilities include: a protein-type substance which derives from animal/mold/bacteria; perspiration products, blood, some laundry additives. There is a high probability the amide is from a protein derived substance. The amide containing material is not thought to be anomalous.

The UV fluorescing area is indicated to contain two long chain carboxylic acid salts, most similar to zinc stearate and calcium stearate. These were also seen in the sweatshirt. (See below.) There are many uses for these compounds including hygiene products such as in bar soap and stick deodorant. However, a special note should be made because many experiencers have fluorescing materials on them after abduction. This analyst believes that the fluorescing material doesn’t have to be something exotic or unknown composition to be of alien origin. So it is worth ‘flagging’ as a reference for future analysis of clothing from experiencers. Furthermore, carboxylic acid salts have been observed in stains from other experiencers in previous analyses.10 See the section on “Comparison of Salt Fork Clothing to those Worn During the Abductions of Betty Hill and a Canadian Experiencer” on pages 21-25.

Photographs of the sweatshirt show a number of areas on the outside front and two UV fluorescing areas on both sleeves at the wrist areas. Also the outside back displays

10 UT025 Frontier Analysis (Betty Hill dress analysis); UT089 Frontier Analysis (Winnipeg, Canada man’s tee shirt) T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 8 sites which were sampled. Like the cargo shorts, no stains were detected on the inside of the shirt. The photographs follow.

J6 Reference

J3 Brown Speck

Outside Front of Shirt

J1 Seen by UV

Front outside left sleeve Front outside left sleeve (Under UV light)

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 9

J2 Seen by UV

Front outside right sleeve Front outside right sleeve (Under UV Light)

Back 0utside

Back outside left sleeve T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 10

Sweatshirt Microscope Photographs: Microphotographs were taken selectively of samplings J1, J2 and J6 (reference). No dye or fiber attack is detected. The stains on the remaining swatches contain materials common to well-worn work clothing and not expected to show anything anomalous.

J6 Reference J1 J2

Sweatshirt Infrared Analysis: Infrared analysis shows the fabric composing the sweatshirt is a polyester. The following table presents the infrared results for each sampling. The spectra are in the appendix.

Sampling Infrared Characterization Figs. J1* Two long chain carboxylic acid salts most similar to zinc stearate 9, and calcium stearate; amide which is probably protein derived 10, and close to a reference of perspiration. 11 J2* Amide probably from protein derived source; long chain 12 carboxylic acid salt suspected present though masked by strong amide absorption. J3 (Brown) Dirt component (silicate mineral). 13 J4 (White) Paint components (polyacrylate); metal oxide - white 14 pigment/extender). J5 (White) Paint component (metal oxide - white pigment/extender). 15 J6 (No Taken for reference. Identifies the polo fiber as polyester 9 Stain) terephathalic acid. J7 (Brown) Not enough for a spectrum. J8 (White) Paint components (polyacrylate); metal oxide-white 16 pigment/extender).

The cargo shorts, both polo shirts, and sleeveless shirt were examined by infrared spectroscopy. The other samples, i.e. underwear, belt and socks, did not have any visible and ultraviolet fluorescing stains obviously anomalous for examination. Overall, the younger man’s clothing had far fewer stains compared to the older man. None were UV fluorescing. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 11

Cargo Shorts Photographs and Sampling points: Photographs of the outside (front and back) of the shorts shows the sampling sites. No specific defined spots were noted. There were just areas of stain. Two stain areas were examined. No stains were observed on the inside of the clothing.

CS3 Reference

CS1

Front cargo shorts Front cargo shorts right pocket

CS2

Back cargo shorts Back cargo shorts right pocket T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 12

Cargo Shorts Microscope Photographs: Microphotographs were obtained of CS1, CS2 and CS3 (reference). No dye or fiber attack is detected. Particulates are noted on CS1 and CS3. The photographs follow.

CS3 (Reference) CS1

CS2

Cargo Shorts Infrared Analysis: Infrared analysis shows the cargo shorts is made of cotton. The identifications of the materials in the stains follow. See the spectra in the Appendix.

Sampling Infrared Characterization Figs. CS1 Amide probably from a protein derived source; indication of long 17 (Light chain carboxylic acid salt. Brown) CS2 Amide probably from a protein derived source; indication of a long 18 (Light chain carboxylic acid salt which may be zinc stearate. Brown) CS3 (No Taken for reference. Identifies the shorts as being made of cotton. 18 Stain) T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 13

Striped Polo Shirt Photographs and Sampling points: Three areas which had white spots were sampled. There were two on the outside front and one (of two spots) on the back of the right sleeve. There were no spots/stains observed on the inside of the shirt. These sampling areas are identified in the photographs.

SP3

SP2

Outside front of polo shirt

SP4 Reference

SP1

Outside back of polo T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 14

SP1

Outside back of sleeve

Striped Polo Shirt Infrared Analysis:11 The polo shirt is made of a cotton/polyester blend. The infrared results show no anomalous materials. All white areas were identified as paint. A table below presents the results. See the Appendix for the spectra.

Sampling Infrared Characterization Figs. SP1 Paint components of poly(ethyl acrylate), calcium carbonate - white 19 (White) pigment/extender). SP2 No extraneous spectral bands could be detected though it’s - (White) probably a small amount paint because of the white appearance. SP3 Paint components of poly(ethyl acrylate), calcium carbonate – 20 (White) white pigment/extender). SP4 (No Taken for reference. Identifies the shirt fiber as a cotton/polyester 20 Spot) blend.

Navy Polo Shirt Photographs and Sampling points: There are only three small areas of spots on the polo shirt Two are on the outside front of the shirt, and one is on the inside front. None were observed on the inside or outside back. The photographs showing sampling sites follow.

11 No microscope photographs were taken because the infrared analysis shows only paint. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 15

NP4 Reference

NP1

NP2

Outside front of the navy polo shirt

NP1

NP2

Outside front of the navy polo shirt

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 16

NP3 NP5 Reference

Inside front of navy polo shirt

NP3

Inside front of navy polo shirt T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 17

Navy Polo Shirt Microscope Photographs: Microphotographs of NP2 (shirt outside), NP3 (shirt inside) and NP4 reference (inside and outside) swatches are shown below. No attack of the dye or fabric were observed. Particulates are noted on both NP2 and NP3. The photographs follow.

NP4 outside reference NP2 outside

NP5 inside reference N3 inside

Navy Polo Shirt Infrared Analysis: Infrared analysis shows the polo shirt is made of cotton. The infrared results show no anomalous materials. A table below presents the results. See the Appendix for the spectra.

Sampling Infrared Characterization Figs. NP1 (Light Dirt components (silicate and carbonate minerals); amide 21 Tan) probably from a protein derived source. The spectrum compares best with a reference of human skin flake. NP2 (Light Amide probably derived from a protein source. 22 Tan) NP3 (Inside Amide probably derived from a protein source. 23 Light Tan) NP4 (No Taken for reference. Identifies the polo fiber as cotton. 22 stain) 23 T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 18

Sleeveless Shirt Photographs and Sampling points: Photographs were taken of stain areas of the sleeveless shirt. There were no defined spots. The stain areas are identical in appearance indicating they are of similar composition. The stains are on the outside front and inside front. They are not in the same respective areas expected if a stain ‘bleed-through’ the fabric occurred. Following are photographs showing the sampling sites.

SS2

SS3

SS1

Outside front of sleeveless shirt (undershirt)

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 19

SS4

SS5

SS5 SS5

SS7 Reference SS4

Inside front of sleeveless shirt (undershirt)

Sleeveless Shirt Microscope Photographs: Microphotographs taken of SS1 and SS2 (reference) do not show evidence of dye or fiber attack. They follow.

SS7 (Reference) SS1

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 20

Sleeveless Shirt Infrared Analysis: The fabric in the shirt is identified by infrared analysis as a polyester. It was difficult to observe extraneous absorption other than the fabric in the “in situ” spectra. The soft texture of the fabric did not permit adequate acquisition of stain components. Only one interpretable difference spectrum (stain area versus reference fiber) was obtained. A water extraction of this area did show additional components in the stain. From the appearances of the stains (dirt-like) there was no reason to believe that anything anomalous relating to the abduction is on this shirt. Following is a table showing the results. See the Appendix for the spectra.

Sampling Infrared Characterization Figs. SS1 in Amide containing material (perspiration); dirt component (silicate 24 situ mineral). SS7 in Taken for reference. Identifies the fiber as a polyester. 24 situ SS1 Perspiration; poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a commonly found 25 Water contaminant and has many uses. Extract

Vial found in Cargo Shorts: A small vial containing a liquid was found in the cargo shorts pocket. A photograph of a vial follows.

Infrared analysis of the liquid contents of the vial identifies it as a phthalate ester mixture. This is commonly used as insect repellent. See Figure 26 for the infrared spectrum in the Appendix.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 21

To date, this laboratory has examined clothing from four experiencers. Besides the two Salt Fork experiencers, the clothing worn during the abductions of Betty Hill (dress) and a Canadian experiencer (tee-shirt) were examined. Tables comparing the clothing are presented at the end of this section. They display the type of clothing, clothing history, fiber appearance, fiber/dye changes (if any), particulate amount, analysis, and indicates where a common component was found in all four experiencer’s clothing.

The common component is a long chain carboxylic acid salt, specifically it may be a stearic acid zinc salt. This was the only commonality found in the clothing. Long chain carboxylic acid salts are very ordinary materials, and were not thought to be anomalous in previous analyses on the Betty Hill dress and the Canadian experiencer’s tee-shirt. However, it was also found on some selected pieces of the clothing from both Salt Fork experiencers in these analyses. While stearic acid zinc salt is a possibility in the clothing in all four experiencers, there is additionally an indication of a stearic acid calcium salt in the Salt Fork older man’s sweatshirt.

Long chain carboxylic acid salts have many uses.12 Some include bar soap and stick deodorant in personal hygiene products. So, there is a probability that some may originate from these products. However, some of locations of the carboxylic acid salt on some experiencer’s clothing tend to rule these sources out. (For example, it was on the front skirt mid-section of Betty Hill’s dress, upper front left and lower front right of the Salt Fork older man’s cargo shorts, the front right pocket and back right pocket of the Salt Fork younger man’s cargo shorts.

Moreover, it has been reported that experiencers commonly have UV fluorescing material on them, or on their clothing. The long chain carboxylic acid salts, for the most part, were found in the UV fluorescing areas of the ‘Salt Fork’ clothing. This analysis therefore ‘flags’ this material as possibly being connected to an abduction, and to be looked for in future clothing from experiencers. More data are needed from other experiencers to establish whether this is the ‘needle-in-the-haystack’. It should be noted that something does not have to be exotic or of unknown composition to be of alien origin.

The infrared analytical data which identifies the long chain carboxylic acid commonalties are presented below. Selected infrared spectra of clothing from all four experiencers show the absorption bands due to the carboxylic acid salts at 1540 cm-1 (resolution is ±4 cm-1) due to acid salt C=O asymmetric stretch. And there’s absorption bands at 2922 -1 -1 cm (CH2 asymmetric stretch) and 2858 cm (CH2 symmetric stretch) due to a long carbon chain. The appearance suggests to this analyst that the carbon chain is approximately 15-18 carbons in length. Perhaps it is a stearic acid salt. Zinc stearate

12 Ibid. Ref 5. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 22 bands compare closest to the bands in the all of the experiencers’ spectra. Following are the spectra along with a reference of stearic acid zinc salt (zinc stearate) for comparison.

Infrared Spectra of Materials on Clothing worn During Abductions of Betty Hill, a Canadian Experiencer, and the Salt Fork Experiencers (Full Spectrum Range 400- 400 cm-1)

100.0

99.8

99.6

99.4

99.2

99.0

98.8

98.6

%T 98.4

98.2 CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT C=O

98.0

97.8

97.6 RED - CANADIAN EXPERIENCER TEE SHIRT LONG CHAIN CARBON CH2 97.4 GREEN - SALT FORK OLDER MAN'S CARGO SHORTS

97.2 LONG CHAIN CARBON CH2 PURPLE - BETTY HILL DRESS 97.0 BLUE - SALT FORK YOUNGER MAN'S CARGO SHORTS 96.8 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Infrared Spectra of Materials on Clothing worn During Abductions of Betty Hill, a Canadian Experiencer, and the Salt Fork Experiencers -1 (Partial Spectrum 3450-2500 cm for better View of Pertinent CH2 Bands)

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 23

Infrared Spectra of Materials on Clothing worn During Abductions of Betty Hill, a Canadian Experiencer, and the Salt Fork Experiencers (Partial Spectrum 1875-1100 cm-1 for better View of Pertinent C=O Bands)

99.5 CANADIAN EXPERIENCER TEE SHIRT 1 SALT FORK OLDER MAN'S CARGO SHORTS 2 99.0

98.5

BETTY HILL DRESS 3 98.0

97.5 %T

97.0

96.5 SALT FORK YOUNGER MAN'S CARGO SHORTS 4 96.0 1455 CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT C=O (SYM. STR.) 95.5

1539 CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT C=O (ASYM. STR.) 95.0 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Infrared Reference of Stearic Acid Zinc Salt (Zinc Stearate)

90 85

65 STEARIC ACID, ZINC SALT REFERENCE 60

55 %T 1399 50

45 1462

40 2919 35

30 2850 25 20 1541 15 10 4000 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Tables comparing the clothing from the four experiencers follow.

Table 1. COMPARISON OF SALT FORK EXPERIENCERS’ CLOTHING TO THOSE FROM TWO OTHER EXPERIENCERS (BETTY HILL AND WINNIPEG CANADA MAN) Experiencer Clothing History Fiber Appearance Speculations on Location of Fiber/Dye changes Analyzed/Anomalous Stains

Betty Hill (Dress) Fiber is cellulose acetate. It was a new dress, Both fiber and dye were Mildew attack. Predominantly the outside of worn once before and never laundered. It was permanently attacked. the dress. stored in closet for 40 years before analysis. Handled by many people over the years. Canadian Man Fiber is cotton. It has been worn and laundered. The fiber was intact. Dye It is speculated that the experiencer Both outside and inside (Tee-shirt) The experiencer sleeps in it. was temporarily attacked. It and shirt/dye may have been exposed the shirt. faded to a lighter color, then to some sort of high energy source. returned to original color. On returning to a lower state over a period of time most of the original color was restored. (1) Salt Fork Older Fiber is cotton. The shorts is old and well-worn. Fiber and dye intact. No change All outside of the Man (Cargo Spots/stains caused the shorts. Shorts) appearance. Salt Fork Older Fiber is polyester. It is old well-worn. Fiber and dye intact. No change All outside of the Man (Zippered Spots/stains caused the sweatshirt. Jacket) appearance. Salt Fork Younger Fiber is cotton. The shorts is old and well-worn Fiber and dye intact. No change All outside of the Man (Cargo Shorts) Spots/stains caused the shorts. appearance. Salt Fork Younger Fiber is a cotton/polyester blend. Shirt is worn. Fiber and dye intact. No Change All outside of the shirt. Man (Stripped Polo Spots/stains caused the Shirt appearance. Salt For Younger Fiber is cotton. Shirt is worn. Fiber and dye intact. No change Limited number of spots stains Man (Navy Polo Spots/stains caused the with only one on the inside of Shirt) appearance. the shirt. Salt For Younger Fiber is polyester. Undershirt is well Fiber and dye intact. Stains No change Highly stained both inside and Man (White worn and highly stained. caused the appearance. outside. Sleeveless Shirt - Undershirt 1.) It was noted a cell phone, which happened to be on during the experience, recorded neon blue/purple lights at the very end of the recording.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 25

Table 2. COMPARISON OF SALT FORK EXPERIENCERS’ CLOTHING TO THOSE FROM TWO OTHER EXPERIENCERS (BETTY HILL AND WINNIPEG CANADA MAN)

Experiencer Particulates Analysis Location of Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Speculated Source of Salt Carboxylic Acid Salt

Betty Hill Many Mildew-like residue predominates in the stain areas. Front mid-section of dress skirt. Unknown (Dress) Common dust components and pet hair are found. Known DNA consisting of human , a soil bacteria.(alpha proteobacterium), spider and possible mouse. There is a long chain carboxylic acid salt. Canadian Man Few Predominating are respiratory products (perspiration). Both underarms and outside, inside back and Underarms; Hygiene (Tee-shirt) Also present is a long chain carboxylic acid salt and inside front. Product traces of common mundane contaminates such as a Inside back and front: small oil stain and probable food crumb. unknown Salt Fork Older Few Dirt components, dead grass remains and a protein- Upper front left and lower front right Unknown Man (Cargo type amide. Also present are long chain carboxylic Shorts) acid salts which may be zinc stearate and calcium stearate. Salt Fork Older Few Dirt components, paint components and a protein-type Right and left sleeves at wrists Possible Hygiene Man (Zippered amide are present. There are long chain carboxylic Product, e.g. Soap. Jacket) acid salts which may be zinc stearate and calcium stearate. Salt Fork Few There is a protein-type amide and a long chain Front right pocket and back right pocket Unknown Younger Man carboxylic acid salt which is similar to zinc stearate. (Cargo Shorts) Salt For Few Paint components only are detected. - - Younger Man (Stripped Polo Shirt) Salt For Few There are dirt components and a protein-type - - Younger Man amide thought to be skin flakes. (Navy Polo Shirt) Salt For Few There are dirt components and perspiration - - Younger Man components. Also detected is a trace amount (White poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a very common Sleeveless Shirt contaminant. - Undershirt

cc: Kathleen Marden George Medich

File: UT098

______Phyllis A. Budinger

APPENDIX Index to Infrared Figures

(The difference spectra displayed in the appendix were generated by subtracting spectra of control references of fiber comprising each piece of clothing from the spectrum of the swatch with the stain (“in-situ”). Note: much absorption between 1200-900 cm-1 wavenumbers can be attributed to uncompensated absorption from the reference fiber.)

OLDER MAN’S CARGO SHORTS

●#1 Black speck scraped from sampling S1 showing amide (mold), long chain natural ester, and celluloidal material (leaf derived) ●#2 Black Speck Scraped from Sampling S1 along with References of Dead Grass and Leaf Mold ●#3 “In Situ” Spectrum from Sampling S2 along with Cotton Reference and Difference Spectrum which Shows an Amide Containing Material (Protein Type) ●#4 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling S4 along with Reference of Cargo Shorts Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows Components of Dirt (Carbonate and possible Silicate mineral); possible Humate ●#5 “In situ” Spectrum of Sampling S5 along with Reference of Cargo Shorts Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows an Amide Containing Material. It is probably a protein type ●#6 “In Situ” Spectrum of UV Detected Sampling S6 along with Reference of Cargo Shorts Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows an Ester Containing Material and a Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Salt indicative of Zinc and Calcium Stearate. ●#7 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling S7 along with Reference of Cargo Shorts Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows a Dirt Component (Silicate Mineral) ●#8 “In situ” Spectrum of UV Detected Sampling S8 along with Reference of Cargo Shorts Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Salts indicative of Zinc and Calcium Stearate

OLDER MAN’S ZIPPERED SWEAT SHIRT

●#9 “In situ” Spectrum of UV Detected Sampling J1 (Run 1) along with Reference of Sweat Shirt Fiber and Difference Spectrum which shows Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Salts indicative of Zinc Stearate and Calcium Stearate ●#10 “In situ” Spectrum of UV Detected Sampling J1 (Run 2) along with Reference of Sweat Shirt Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows a Protein Type Amide Containing Material and Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Salt indicative of Zinc and calcium Stearate T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 28

●#11 Two Water Extracts of UV Detected Sampling J1 Suggestive of Perspiration Products and Reference of Perspiration for Comparison ●#12 “In Situ” Spectrum of UV Detected Sampling J2 along with Reference of Sweat Shirt Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows an Amide Containing Material (Protein Type) ●#13 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling J3 along with Reference of Sweat Shirt Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Show Dirt Components (Silicate And Carbonate Minerals) ●#14 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling J4 along with Reference of Sweat Shirt Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows Paint Components (Polymethacrylate, Metal oxide - white pigment/Extender) ●#15 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling J5 along with Reference of Sweat Shirt Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows a Paint Component (Metal Oxide - White Pigment/Extender) ●#16 “In situ” Spectrum of Sampling J8 along with Reference of Sweat Shirt Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Shows Paint Components (Polymethacrylate acid, Metal Oxide - White Pigment/Extender)

YOUNGER MAN’S CARGO SHORTS

●#17 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling CS1 along with Reference of Cargo Shorts Fiber (Cotton) and Difference Spectrum which Shows an Amide Containing Material which appears to be a Protein Type. There’s Indication of a Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Salt similar of Zinc Stearate. ●#18 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling CS2 along with Reference of Cargo Shorts Fiber (Cotton) and Difference Spectrum which shows an Amide Containing Material (Protein Type indicated). A Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Salt Indicated. Silicate Mineral (Dirt) Present.

YOUNGER MAN’S STRIPED POLO SHIRT

●#19 Spectrum of Scraping from Striped Polo Sampling SP1 which Shows Paint Components (Poly(ethyl acrylate) and Calcium Carbonate White Pigment/Extender) ●#20 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling SP3 along with Reference of Striped Polo Shirt Fiber and Difference Spectrum which Paint Components (Poly(ethyl acrylate) and Calcium Carbonate Pigment/Extender)

YOUNGER MAN’S NAVY POLO SHIRT

●#21 Scraping from Navy Polo sampling NP1 which shows Dirt Components (Silicate and Carbonate Minerals) and an Amide Containing Material. The Amide is likely a Protein Type which May be Human Skin Flakes T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 29

●#22“In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling NP2 along with Reference of Navy Polo Shirt Fiber (Cotton) and Difference Spectrum Showing Amide Containing Material which is a Protein Type ●#23 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sampling NP3 along with Reference of Navy Polo Fiber (Cotton) and Difference Spectrum which Shows a Protein Type Amide

YOUNGER MAN’S SLEEVELESS SHIRT

●#24 “In Situ” Spectrum of Sleeveless Shirt Sampling SS1 along with Reference of Sleeveless Shirt Fiber (Cotton) and Difference Spectrum Showing an Amide Containing Material (Possibly Perspiration) and a Dirt Component (silicate mineral) ●#25 Spectrum of Water Extract from Sleeveless Shirt Sampling SS1 along with References of Water Extract of Perspiration from a Tee shirt and Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for Comparison

YOUNGER MAN’S VIAL FOUND IN CARGO SHORTS

●#26 Infrared Spectra of Substance in Vial found in Young Man’s Cargo Shorts Pocket (Identified as a Phthalate Ester Mixture) and Two References of Phthalates (Butyl Benzyl Phthalate and Dibutyl Phthalate) for Comparison

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 30

CARGO SHORTS

100

96 C AR GO SH OR TS S1

94 BL AC K SPEC A C 92 E E TYPIC AL OF LEAF MOLD E 90 C A

%T 88 E 86 A A - AMID E ( MOLD ) C 84 E - LONG CHAIN NATURAL ESTER 82 C - C ELLU L OID AL ( LEAF TYPE) 80

3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1) Figure 1. Black speck scraped from sampling S1 showing amide (mold), long chain natural ester, and celluloidal (leaf derived) materials. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 31

100 #S1 Black Spec on Back shorts Lower Left Leg file=SaltS1sh 95

90 C AR GO SH OR TS S2 %T 85 TYPIC AL OF D EAD GR ASS 80 AN D L EAF MOLD 75 100 **Dead Grass After Winter (March 21) file=Dgrassh 95

90 DEAD GRASS REFERENCE %T 85

80 75 100 **Leaf Mold Etc file=LeafMoldh 95

90 LEAF MOLD REFERENCE %T 85

80 75 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 2. Black speck scraped from sampling S1 along with references of dead grass and leaf mold. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 32

100 *#S2 Small Dark Spec on Back shorts Under left pocket file=SaltS2sh

%T 80 "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF A SMALL DARK SPECK ON CARGO SHORTS S2 (TAKEN DIRECTLY OFF FABRIC) 70

100 *#S3 Reference Material Under Belt Back Right Side file=SaltS3sh

90 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF THE FABRIC COMPOSING 80 CARGO SHORTS %T

60 102 *Subtraction Result:*#S2 Small Dark Spec on Back shorts Under left pocket file=sSaltS2sh

100 A A 98 A %T 96 DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF DARK SPECK AREA VERSUS REFERENCE OF FABRIC A = AMIDE 94

3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 3. “In Situ” spectrum from sampling S2 along with cotton reference and difference spectrum which shows an amide containing material. It is a protein type.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 33

100 *#S4 Dark Stain on Back Left Pocket Flap file=SaltS4sh 95

90 "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF CARGO SHORTS S4

%T 85 (TAKEN DIRECTLY OFF FABRIC)

75 100 *#S3 Reference Material Under Belt Back Right Side file=SaltS3sh

90 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF THE CARGO SHORTS FABRIC S3 80 %T

60 Subtraction Result:*#S4 Dark Stain on Back Left Pocket Flap file=SaltS4sh 100 H H X S AND * 98 X

%T DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF DARK STAIN VERSUS FABRIC REFERENCE 96 X - CARBONATE S - POSSIBLE SILICATE H - POSSIBLE HUMATE 94 (COMPONENTS OF DIRT) *UNCOMPENSATED FABRIC

4000 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 4. “In situ” spectrum of sampling S4 along with reference of cargo shorts fiber and difference spectrum showing components of dirt (carbonate and possible silicate mineral); possible humate. T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 34

100 *S5 Older Man's Cargo Shorts (r-2) file=cargS5bsh

90 "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF DARK STAIN ON CARGO SHORTS S5 %T (TAKEN DIRECTLY OFF FABRIC)

100 #S3 Reference Material Under Belt Back Right Side file=SaltS3sh

%T 80 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF THE CARGO SHORTS S3

60 102 *Subtraction Result:*S5 Older Man's Cargo Shorts (r-2) file=cargS5bsh DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF THE DARK STAIN VERSUS FABRIC REFERENCE 100 A A 98 %T 96 A A - PROTEIN-TYPE AMIDE (ANIMAL DERIVED/BACTERIAL/MOLD/BLOOD POSSIBILITIES) 94 92 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 5. “In situ” spectrum of sampling S5 along with reference of cargo shorts fiber and difference spectrum showing an amide containing material. It is probably a protein type.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 35

100 *#S6 Dark Spot Seen by UV of Front by Left Pocket file=SaltS6sh

"IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF DARK SPOT DETECTED BY UV S6

90 (TAKEN DIRECTLY OFF FABRIC) %T

100 *#S3 Reference Material Under Belt Back Right Side file=SaltS3sh

90 REFERENCE OF CARGOSHORTS FABRIC S3

80 %T

100.5 *Subtraction Result:#S6 Dark Spot Seen by UV of Front by Left Pocket file=SaltS6sh DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF DARK SPOT VERSUS FABRIC REFERENCE 100.0

%T 99.5 E Z Z E - ESTER Z 99.0 Z – LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT (POSSIBLY ZINC AND CALCIUM STEARATE) 98.5 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 6. In situ” spectrum of UV detected sampling S6 along with reference of cargo shorts fiber and difference spectrum showing an ester,.type material and indications of a long chain carboxylic acid salt indicative of zinc stearate and calcium stearate.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 36

100 *#S7 Dark Stain Front Few inches from Fly file=SaltS7sh

90 "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF DARK STAIN S7 80 %T ( TAKEN D IR EC TLY OFF FABR IC ) 70

60 100 *#S3 Reference Material Under Belt Back Right Side file=SaltS3sh

80 %T REFERENCE OF CARGO SHORTS FABRIC S3 70

60 *Subtraction Result:#S7 Dark Stain Front Few inches from Fly file=SaltS7sh 100

95 D IFFER EN C E SPEC TR U M OF D AR K STAIN VER SU S FABR IC R EFER EN C E S S

%T S S 90 S - SILIC ATE MIN ER AL ( D IR T) 85

80 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 7. “In situ” spectrum of sampling S7 along with reference of cargo shorts fiber and difference spectrum which shows a dirt component (silicate mineral).

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 37

100 *#S8Dark Stain under UV Front near Right Pocket (R!) File=SaltS8ash

96 "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF DARK STAIN DETECTED BY UV S8 %T 94 (TAKEN DIRECTLY OFF FABRIC) 92

90 100 *#S3 Reference Material Under Belt Back Right Side file=SaltS3sh

90 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF THE CARGO SHORTS S3 80 %T (COTTON) 70

60 *Subtraction Result:*#S8Dark Stain under UV Front near Right Pocket (R!) File=SaltS8ash

100

Z Z %T DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF DARK STAIN 99 VERSUS FABRIC REFERENCE Z - LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT Z (ZINC AND CALCIUM STEARATE INDICATED) Z 98 4000 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 8. “In situ” spectrum of UV detected sampling S8 along with reference of cargo shorts fiber and difference spectrum which shows long chain carboxylic acid salts indicatiive of zinc stearate and calcium stearate.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 38

OLDER MAN’S ZIPPERED SWEATSHIRT

**Left Sleeve UV area insitu 1 file=insitu1sh 100

95 %T

90 'IN SITU SPECTRUM OF UV DETECTED STAIN LEFT SLEEVE J1 (RUN 1) (TAKEN DIRECTLY OFF FABRIC) 85 100 *REFERENCE sliver from clean shoulder of Jacket file=Salt4sh

80 %T REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF FABRIC FIBER J6 60 (IDENTIFIED AS A POLYESTER - TEREPHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVE)

*Subtraction Result:**Left Sleeve UV area insitu 1 file=insitu1sh 100 Z Z Z Z

Z 95 Z %T

DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF UV DETECTED STAIN Z -LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT 90 VERSUS FABRIC REFERENCE (INDICATIONS OF ZINC AND CALCIUM STEARATE)

3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1) Figure 9. “In situ” spectrum of UV detected sampling J1 (Run 1) along with reference of sweatshirt fiber and difference spectrum which shows long chain carboxylic acid salts indicative of zinc stearate and calcium stearate.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 39

*Left Sleeve UV Area insitu 2 file=insitu2sh 100

%T "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF UV DETECTED STAIN J1 (RUN 2)

100 *REFERENCE sliver from clean shoulder of Jacket file=Salt4sh

80 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF FABRIC FIBER J6

%T (IDENTIFIED AS A POLYESTER - TEREPHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVE)

*Subtraction Result:*Left Sleeve UV Area insitu 2 file=insitu2sh 100 A A Z Z Z Z Z Z A - PROTEIN TYPE AMIDE 95 %T Z - LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT (ZINC AND CALCIUM STEARATE INDICATIONS DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF UV DETECTED STAIN J1 (RUN 2) 90 VERSUS FABRIC REFERENCE 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 10. “In situ” spectrum of UV detected sampling J1 (Run 2) along with reference of sweatshirt fiber and difference spectrum which shows a protein type amide containing material and long chain carboxylic acid saltsindicative of zinc stearate and calcium stearate. The amide appears to be protein derived.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 40

100 *Water Extract Jacket Sleeve 2 (On Diamond for 2 days) File=H2OX2Jac

%T 80

WATER EXTR AC T U V D ETEC TED STAIN J 1 ( LEFT SLEEVE) 70

100 *Solvent washed water Extract (C6, MeCl2, Acetone) file=H2Ox5Jac 95

%T WATER EXTR AC T J 1 SOL VEN T WASH ED 85

100 *B.O.B.'s Dried Sweat after Hexane Extraction (C6 Insols) file=BOBc6Insh

90 %T 85 PRESPIRATION PRODUCTS REFERENCE

80 75 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 11. Two water extracts of UV detected sweatshirt sampling J1 suggestive of amide which are perspiration products and reference of perspiration for comparison.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 41

100 *#2 Right Sleeve Fluoresing Matl 'in situ' File=Salt6sh

%T 90 "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF UV DETECTED STAIN RIGHT SLEEVE J2

100 *REFERENCE sliver from clean shoulder of Jacket file=Salt4sh

80 R EFER EN C E OF J AC KET FIBER %T 60

40 3188 Subtraction Result:*#2 Right Sleeve Fluoresing Matl 'in situ' File=Salt6sh 100 A A DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF "IN SITU' SPECTRUMA J2A %T 95 VER SU S R EFER EN C E FIBER

A - PROTEIN TYPE AMIDE 90 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 12. “In situ” spectrum of UV detected sampling J2 along with reference of sweatshirt fiber and difference spectrum which shows an amide containing material. The amide appears to be a protein type.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 42

100 *#3 Small Brown Spot Front right by zipper File=Salt7sh

90 "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF BROWN SPOT J3

%T 80

100 *REFERENCE sliver from clean shoulder of Jacket file=Salt4sh

80 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF FABRIC FIBER J6

%T (IDENTIFIED AS A POLYESTER - TEREPHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVE)

102 *Subtraction Result:*#3 Small Brown Spot Front right by zipper File=Salt7sh

100 C S S 98 %T DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF BROWN SPOT J3 S - SILICATE MINERAL S C 96 VERSUS REFERENCE FIBER C - CARBONATE MINERAL 94 (COMPONENTS OF DIRT)

3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 13. “In situ” spectrum of sampling J3 along with reference of sweat shirt fiber and difference spectrum which shows dirt components (silicate and carbonate minerals).

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 43

Jacket outside Snippet of white material front left lower (1) file=Salt1sh 100

90 %T 80 WH ITE MATER IAL SN IPPET WITH J AC KET FIBER J 4

100 *REFERENCE sliver from clean shoulder of Jacket file=Salt4sh

80 R EFER EN C E OF J AC KET FIBER %T 60

40 3188 Subtraction Result:Jacket outside Snippet of white material front left lower (1) VS Salt2 file=sSalt1sh 100 P P P D IFFER EN C E SPEC TR U M OF WH ITE MATER IAL P M 90 VERSUS JACKET FIBER REFERENCE %T P - POLYMETH AC R YL ATE 80 M - METAL O XID E ( WH ITE PIGMEN T) TH ESE AR E TYPIC AL C OMPON EN TS OF PAIN T

3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 14. “In situ” spectrum of sampling J4 along with reference of sweatshirt fiber and difference spectrum which shows paint components (polymethacrylate, metal oxide white pigment/extender).

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 44

*Stain in front of Jacket OUTSIDE (R1) file=Salt3sh 100

%T 95 JACKET STAIN J5

100 *REFERENCE sliver from clean shoulder of Jacket file=Salt4sh

80 REFERENCE OF JACKET FIBER %T 60

40 Subtraction Result:*Stain in front of Jacket OUTSIDE (R1) file=Salt3sh 101

100

%T DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF JACKET STAIN J5 99 M VERSUS JACKET FIBER REFERENCE 98 M - METAL OXIDE (PIGMENT COMPONENT OF PAINT 97 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 15. “In situ” spectrum of sampling J5 along with reference of sweatshirt fiber and difference spectrum which shows a paint component (metal oxide - white pigment/extender).

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 45

100 *#8 White Spot on upper part of left sleeve back file=Salt9sh

%T "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF WHITE SPOT J8 90

85 100 *REFERENCE sliver from clean shoulder of Jacket file=Salt4sh

80 %T REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF FABRIC FIBER J6 60 (IDENTIFIED AS A POLYESTER - TEREPHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVE)

*Subtraction Result:*#8 White Spot on upper part of left sleeve back file=Salt9sh P 100 P P DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF "IN SITU" WHITE SPOT J8 M %T 98 VERSUS FIBER REFERENCE P P - POLYACRYLATE M - METAL OXIDE 96 (COMPONENTS OF PAINT)

4000 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 16. “In situ” spectrum of sampling J8 along with reference of sweatshirt fiber and difference spectrum which shows paint components (polymethacrylate, metal oxide - white pigment/extender).

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 46

YOUNG MAN’S CARGO SHORTS

100 *Cargo Shorts Outside Front #1 file=Cargo2sh

90 "IN SITU" YOUNGER MAN'S CARGO SHORTS CS1 %T

100 *Cargo Shorts REFERENCE file=Cargo1sh 90

80 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF YOUNG MAN'S CARGO SHORTS %T 70 (IDENTIFIED AS COTTON) 60

50 102 *Subtraction Result:*Cargo Shorts Outside Front #1 file=Cargo2sh 3634 101 A - PROTEIN TYPE AMIDE S - SILICATE MINERAL (DIRT) Z - LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT 100 S

%T A Z A A 99 Z DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF YOUNG MAN'S CARGO SHORTS CS2 VERSUS 98 REFERENCE OF FABRIC S S Z 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1) Figure 17. “In situ” spectrum of sampling CS1 along with reference of cargo shorts fiber (cotton) and difference spectrum showing an amide containing material which appears to be a protein type. There’s indication of a long chain carboxylic acid salt which is similar to zinc stearate. . T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 47

100 *Cargo Shorts Back Outside #2 file=Cargo3sh

95 'IN SITU' SPECTRUM OF YOUNG MAN'S CARGO SHORTS CS2

%T 90

80 100 *Cargo Shorts REFERENCE file=Cargo1sh 90

80 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF YOUNG MAN'S CARGO SHORTS FIBER %T 70 (IDENTIFIED AS COTTON) 60

50 *Subtraction Result:*Cargo Shorts Back Outside #2 file=Cargo3sh A - PROTEIN TYPE AMIDE 100 S DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF 99 YOUNG MAN'S CARGO SHORTS CS2 A %T S S VERSUS SHORTS REFERENCE FIBER 98 Z Z Z S - SILICATE MINERAL (DIRT) Z - LONG CHAIN CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT 97 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 18. “In situ” spectrum of sampling CS2 along with reference of cargo shorts fiber (cotton) and difference spectrum which shows an amide containing material (a protein type indicated). A long chain carboxylic acid salt indicated. Silicate mineral (dirt) present.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 48

STRIPED POLO

100

CA 95 CA P 90

85 CA P P 80 P P STRIPED POLO SLEEVE SCRAPING SP1 75 P %T 70 CA - CALCIUM CARBONATE

65 CA P - POLY(ETHYL ACRYLATE) CA 60 (COMPONENTS OF PAINT) 55

4000 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1) Figure 19. Spectrum of scraping from striped polo shirt sampling SP1 which shows paint components (poly(ethyl acrylate) and calcium carbonate pigment/extender).

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 49

*Striped Polo Outside Front #3 file=Polostp4sh 100

95 %T

"IN SITU" STRIPED POLO STAIN SP3 90

100 *Striped Polo Outsode back for REFERENCE file=Polostp2sh

90 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF STRIPED %T POLO FIBER 80 IDENTIFIED AS A COTTON POLYESTER BLEND

100 Subtraction Result:*Striped Polo Outside Front #3 file=Polostp4sh 98 DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF STRIPED POLO STAIN SP3 VERSUS 96

%T STRIPED POLO FIBER REFERENCE 94 CA- CALCIUM CARBONATE (COMPONENTS OF PAINT) 92 P - POLY( ETHYL ACRYLATE) 90 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 20. “In situ” spectrum of sampling SP3 along with reference of striped polo shirt fiber (cotton/polyester blend) and difference spectrum which shows paint components (poly(ethyl acrylate) and calcium carbonate pigment/extender).

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 50

NAVY POLO

102 100 98 96 94 C C 92 N AVY POL O SC R APIN G N P1 SI A 90 A 88 A 86 SI 84 A - PROTEIN TYPE AMIDE %T 82 80 SI - SILICATE MINERAL (DIRT) 78 C - INORGANIC CARBONATE MINERAL (DIRT) PR O BABLY C AL C ITE 76 74 72 70 68 66 64 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 21. Scraping from navy polo shirt sampling NP1 which shows dirt components (silicate and carbonate minerals) and an amide containing material. The amide is likely a protein type, which may be human skin flakes.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 51

100 *Navy Polo Front Outside #2 file=Navy2sh

"IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF STAIN NAVY POLO NP2 95 %T

100 *Navy Polo REFERENCE file=Navy3sh

90 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF NAVY POLO FABRIC %T 80 (IDENTIFIED AS COTTON)

70 *Subtraction Result:*Navy Polo Front Outside #2 file=Navy2sh 100 DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF STAIN ON NAVY POLO NP2 A 98 A VERSUS REFERENCE OF FABRIC A A %T 96 A - PROTEIN TYPE AMIDE

4000 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 22. “In situ” spectrum of sampling NP2 along with reference of navy polo shirt fiber (cotton) and difference spectrum showing amide containing material which is a protein type.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 52

100 *Navy Polo Inside Front #3 file=Navy4sh

90 %T "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF STAIN ON NAVY POLO NP3 85

80 100 *Navy Polo REFERENCE file=Navy3sh

90 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF NAVY POLO FABRIC %T 80 (IDENTIFIED AS COTTON)

70 100 Subtraction Result:*Navy Polo Inside Front #3 file=Navy4sh A 95 A A A 90 A - PROTEIN TYPE AMIDE %T

85 DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF "IN SITU" SPECTRUM OF STAIN ON NAVY OF STAIN ON NAVY POLO NP3 VERSUS REFERENCE VERSUS FABRIC REFERENCE 80 4000 3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 23. “In situ” spectrum of sampling NP3 along with reference of navy polo shirt fiber (cotton) and difference spectrum which shows a protein type amide.

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 53

YOUNGER MAN’S SLEEVELESS SHIRT

100 *Sleeveless Shirt 'in situ' #1 run 2 file=sfless1sh

95 "IN SITU' SPECTRUM OF SLEEVELESS SHIRT SS1 90 %T

80 100 *Sleeveless shirt REFERENCE file=slv1sh

90 REFERENCE SPECTRUM OF SLEEVELESS SHIRT %T 85 FABRIC (IDENTIFIED AS A POLYESTER) 80

Subtraction Result:*Sleeveless Shirt 'in situ' #1 run 2 file=sfless1sh 102

A S S 100 DIFFERENCE SPECTRUM OF STAIN SS1 VERSUS A A %T 98 FABRIC REFERENCE S A - AMIDE 96 S - SILICATE MINERAL (COMPONENT OF DIRT)

3000 20002000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 24. “In situ” spectrum of sleeveless shirt sampling SS1 along with reference of sleeveless shirt fiber (cotton) and difference spectrum showing an amide containing material (possibly perspiration) and a dirt component (silicate mineral).

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 54

100 *Water Extract sleeveless shirt #1 SS1 dep. on crystal file=ss1sh C P P P 95 WATER EXTRACT OF C

SLEEVELESS SHIRT STAIN SS1 90 C %T 85 P - POLY (DIMETHYLSILOXANE) 80 C - CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT (PERSPIRATION COMPONENT) 75 100 Perspiration Water Extracted from Tee Shirt BOB file=BOBSweat 90

80 WATER EXTRACT OF PRESPIRATION %T 70 FROM TEE SHIRT REFERENCE

60 50 POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE)

80 POLY (DIMETHYLSILOXANE)

60 REFERENCE %T

3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 25. Spectrum of water extract from sleeveless shirt sampling SS1 along with references of water extract of perspiration from a tee shirt and poly(dimethylsiloxane) for comparison. VIAL CONTENTS

T. S. R. No.: UT098 Frontier Analysis, Ltd. Page 55

100 Salt ForkYoung Man Vial Liquid File=Vl1sh

SUBSTANCE IN VIAL FOUND IN YOUNG MAN'S %T 60 CARGO SHORTS POCKET (IDENTIFIED AS A PHTHALATE ESTER MIXTURE) 40

Butyl benzyl phthalate 80

60 %T REFERENCE OF BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE 40

20 Dibutyl phthalate 80

60 %T

40 REFERENCE OF DIBUTYL PHTHALATE

20 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumbers (cm-1) Figure 26. Infrared spectra of substance in vial found in young man’s cargo shorts pocket (identified as a phthalate ester mixture) and two references of phthalates (butyl benzyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate) for comparison.