Bryological Times 2006
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Fossil Mosses: What Do They Tell Us About Moss Evolution?
Bry. Div. Evo. 043 (1): 072–097 ISSN 2381-9677 (print edition) DIVERSITY & https://www.mapress.com/j/bde BRYOPHYTEEVOLUTION Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2381-9685 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.7 Fossil mosses: What do they tell us about moss evolution? MicHAEL S. IGNATOV1,2 & ELENA V. MASLOVA3 1 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 3 Belgorod State University, Pobedy Square, 85, Belgorod, 308015 Russia �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-042X * author for correspondence: �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-6315 Abstract The moss fossil records from the Paleozoic age to the Eocene epoch are reviewed and their putative relationships to extant moss groups discussed. The incomplete preservation and lack of key characters that could define the position of an ancient moss in modern classification remain the problem. Carboniferous records are still impossible to refer to any of the modern moss taxa. Numerous Permian protosphagnalean mosses possess traits that are absent in any extant group and they are therefore treated here as an extinct lineage, whose descendants, if any remain, cannot be recognized among contemporary taxa. Non-protosphagnalean Permian mosses were also fairly diverse, representing morphotypes comparable with Dicranidae and acrocarpous Bryidae, although unequivocal representatives of these subclasses are known only since Cretaceous and Jurassic. Even though Sphagnales is one of two oldest lineages separated from the main trunk of moss phylogenetic tree, it appears in fossil state regularly only since Late Cretaceous, ca. -
Liverworts, Mosses and Hornworts of Afghanistan - Our Present Knowledge
ISSN 2336-3193 Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 68: 11-24, 2019 DOI: 10.2478/cszma-2019-0002 Published: online 1 July 2019, print July 2019 Liverworts, mosses and hornworts of Afghanistan - our present knowledge Harald Kürschner & Wolfgang Frey Liverworts, mosses and hornworts of Afghanistan ‒ our present knowledge. – Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 68: 11-24, 2019. Abstract: A new bryophyte checklist for Afghanistan is presented, including all published records since the beginning of collection activities in 1839 ‒1840 by W. Griffith till present. Considering several unidentified collections in various herbaria, 23 new records for Afghanistan together with the collection data can be added to the flora. Beside a new genus, Asterella , the new records include Amblystegium serpens var. serpens, Brachythecium erythrorrhizon, Bryum dichotomum, B. elwendicum, B. pallens, B. weigelii, Dichodontium palustre, Didymodon luridus, D. tectorum, Distichium inclinatum, Entosthodon muhlenbergii, Hygroamblystegium fluviatile subsp. fluviatile, Oncophorus virens, Orthotrichum rupestre var. sturmii, Pogonatum urnigerum, Pseudocrossidium revolutum, Pterygoneurum ovatum, Schistidium rivulare, Syntrichia handelii, Tortella inflexa, T. tortuosa, and Tortula muralis subsp. obtusifolia . Therewith the number of species increase to 24 liverworts, 246 mosses and one hornwort. In addition, a historical overview of the country's exploration and a full biogeography of Afghan bryophytes is given. Key words: Bryophytes, checklist, flora, phytodiversity. Introduction Recording, documentation, identification and classification of organisms is a primary tool and essential step in plant sciences and ecology to obtain detailed knowledge on the flora of a country. In many countries, such as Afghanistan, however, our knowledge on plant diversity, function, interactions of species and number of species in ecosystems is very limited and far from being complete. -
Water Relations: Conducting Structures
Glime, J. M. 2017. Water Relations: Conducting Structures. Chapt. 7-1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological 7-1-1 Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 7 March 2017 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 7-1 WATER RELATIONS: CONDUCTING STRUCTURES TABLE OF CONTENTS Movement to Land .............................................................................................................................................. 7-1-2 Bryophytes as Sponges ....................................................................................................................................... 7-1-2 Conducting Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 7-1-4 Leptomes and Hydromes............................................................................................................................. 7-1-8 Hydroids............................................................................................................................................. 7-1-12 Leptoids.............................................................................................................................................. 7-1-14 Rhizome..................................................................................................................................................... 7-1-15 Leaves....................................................................................................................................................... -
Zander, R. H. 2019. Macroevolutionary Evaluation
Zander, R. H. 2019. Macroevolutionary evaluation methods extended, consolidated, and exemplified with Anoectangium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) in North America and the Himalayas. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 104: 324-338. The original paper is available through the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. This version for distribution has the same content and pagination. ABSTRACT Methods of macroevolutionary systematics as recently modified are explained and applied to the genus Anoectangium Schw¨agr. (Pottiaceae) in hyperoceanic areas of coastal northwestern North America. It was revealed that this area harbored species like those reported for the Himalayan region of northern India. Keys are provided for North American and Himalayan species of the genus. A macroevolutionary analysis, detailed in the Methods section, distinguishes and gives relationships between the species. There is strong Bayesian support for progenitor-descendant pairs and lineages. Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt. is considered a synonym of A. aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. Anoectangium crassinervium Mitt. is transferred to Molendoa Lindb., under a nomen novum with A. handelii Schiffn. as a synonym. Anoectangium incrassatum Broth., related to the Asian A. clarum Mitt., is reported as a well-characterized species from the West Indies. Anoectangium stracheyanum Mitt. is re-lectotypified. Distinctions between A. aestivum and A. euchloron (Schw¨agr.) Spruce in the New World are clarified. Causal explanations in systematics are equated with entropy maximization in Shannon information analysis in the context of serial descent. A Pleistocene species pump hypothesis is advanced to explain the stenomorphic populations of species of the genus in eastern North America. Key words: Alaska, Anoectangium, British Columbia, bryophyta, China, evolution, hyperoceanic, India, Pottiaceae, Shannon information. -
Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 36
Originally published in Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 36: 81–115. 1998 Repaginated here. Reissued online September 11, 2012. A PHYLOGRAMMATIC EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF THE MOSS GENUS DIDYMODON IN NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO Richard H. Zander Division of Botany, Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, New York 14211 [Presently: Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA] Abstract: A key is presented for the 22 known species of Didymodon (Musci) in North America north of Mexico, with taxonomic commentaries for each. A phylogram combining PCA ordination and a cladogram shows evident morphological convergence between five pairs of species. Six species are interpreted as surviving ancestors. Phylogenetic analysis is an assumption-laden and belief-oriented attempt at reconstructing a past unique conditional chain of events. Through misapplication of the theory of statistical relevance, the fine structure of trees of maximum synapomorphy is generally artificial and antiparsimonious; also, trees of maximum likelihood are often not probabilistic estimations. Cladistic analysis, however, may be useful under certain conditions in devising general classifications and in phylogrammatic analysis. The moss genus Didymodon as expanded by Saito (1975) has proven large and complex in North America (e.g., studies by Zander 1978a, 1981, 1994). Work on the genus Didymodon for the bryophyte volume of the Flora of North America (FNA Editorial Committee 1993) is sufficiently advanced that an annotated key to the 22 known species might be profitably presented in advance of FNA final publication four or five years from now. A phyletic evolutionary study addresses apparent morphological convergence, while the statistical assumptions and methods used for obtaining modern detailed classifications are reviewed. -
Distribución Y Condición Sexual De Las Pottiaceae (Bryophyta) En México Distribution and Sexual Condition of Pottiaceae (Bryophyta) in Mexico
Artículo de investigación Distribución y condición sexual de las Pottiaceae (Bryophyta) en México Distribution and sexual condition of Pottiaceae (Bryophyta) in Mexico Ana Paola Peña-Retes 1,2 y Claudio Delgadillo-Moya1 Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las briofitas son plantas no vasculares que se reproducen por esporas, yemas o fragmentos de gametofitos (diásporas); de ellos depende su distribución y supervivencia. En esta contribución se evalúa el papel de la condición sexual en la distribución de las especies mexicanas de Pottiaceae, una familia de musgos diversa y frecuente en México. Se propone lo siguiente: a) las especies monoicas deben exhibir una distribución amplia en el país debido a su frecuente producción de esporofitos, b) las especies dioicas que no producen esporofitos, muestran una distribución discontinua o restringida y c) las especies que solo producen yemas deben tener áreas de distribución reducidas. Métodos: Con información bibliográfica y de herbario se elaboraron mapas de distribución de la familia Pottiaceae en México para detectar posibles diferencias en los patrones de distribución de especies dioicas y monoicas. Se agregaron datos de factores ambientales para afinar la agrupación de especies dioicas y monoicas. Resultados clave: Las Pottiaceae dioicas y monoicas difieren en el número de especies. En ambas, sin embargo, se detectaron dos tipos de distribución en México, en grupos que cuentan con un número similar de registros. Los taxa dioicos Plaubelia sprengelii var. sprengelii y Weissia jamaicensis se distribuyen principalmente en el oriente y sureste, mientras que las especies monoicas Syntrichia obtusissima y Timmiella anomala están mejor representadas en las regiones centro y noroeste. Conclusiones: Las Pottiaceae se distribuyen en México sin importar su condición sexual. -
CHAPTER 2-1 LABORATORY TECHNIQUES: EQUIPMENT Janice M
Glime, J. M. and Wagner, D. H. 2017. Laboratory Techniques: Equipment. Chapt. 2-1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2-1-1 3. Methods. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Ebook last updated 10 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 2-1 LABORATORY TECHNIQUES: EQUIPMENT Janice M. Glime and David H. Wagner TABLE OF CONTENTS Lab Bench Setup ................................................................................................................................................. 2-1-2 Microscopes ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-1-3 Parfocal Adjustment..................................................................................................................................... 2-1-5 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................. 2-1-5 Microscope Use........................................................................................................................................... 2-1-5 Adjusting Light and Learning to Focus................................................................................................ 2-1-5 Adjusting the Focus and Ocular Distance............................................................................................. 2-1-6 Adjustments for Glasses...................................................................................................................... -
James H. Locklear Lauritzen Gardens 100 Bancroft Street Omaha, Nebraska 68108, U.S.A
ENDEMIC PLANTS OF THE CENTRAL GRASSLAND OF NORTH AMERICA: DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION STATUS James H. Locklear Lauritzen Gardens 100 Bancroft Street Omaha, Nebraska 68108, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper enumerates the endemic plants of the Central Grassland of North America. The Central Grassland encompasses the full extent of the tallgrass, mixed-grass, and shortgrass prairie ecological systems of North America plus floristically related plant communities that adjoin and/or interdigitate with the midcontinental grasslands including savanna-open woodland systems, shrub-steppe, and rock outcrop communities. There are 382 plant taxa endemic to the Central Grassland, 300 endemic species (eight of which have multiple subspecific taxa endemic to the region) and 72 endemic subspecies/varieties of more widely distributed species. Nine regional concentrations of en- demic taxa were identified and are described as centers of endemism for the Central Grassland: Arkansas Valley Barrens, Edwards Plateau, Llano Estacado Escarpments, Llano Uplift, Mescalero-Monahans Dunes, Niobrara-Platte Tablelands, Raton Tablelands, Red Bed Plains, and Reverchon Rocklands. In addition to hosting localized endemics, these areas are typically enriched with more widely-distributed Central Grassland endemics as well as peripheral or disjunct occurrences of locally-rare taxa, making them regions of high floristic diversity for the Central Grassland. Most of the endemics (299 or 78%) are habitat specialists, associated with rock outcrop, sand, hydric, or riparian habi- tats. There is a strong correlation between geology and endemism in the Central Grassland, with 59% of the endemics (225 taxa) associated with rock outcrop habitat. Of the 382 Central Grassland endemics, 124 or 33% are of conservation concern (NatureServe ranking of G1/T1 to G3/T3). -
Bryophyte Biology Second Edition
This page intentionally left blank Bryophyte Biology Second Edition Bryophyte Biology provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses: diverse groups of land plants that occupy a great variety of habitats throughout the world. This new edition covers essential aspects of bryophyte biology, from morphology, physiological ecology and conservation, to speciation and genomics. Revised classifications incorporate contributions from recent phylogenetic studies. Six new chapters complement fully updated chapters from the original book to provide a completely up-to-date resource. New chapters focus on the contributions of Physcomitrella to plant genomic research, population ecology of bryophytes, mechanisms of drought tolerance, a phylogenomic perspective on land plant evolution, and problems and progress of bryophyte speciation and conservation. Written by leaders in the field, this book offers an authoritative treatment of bryophyte biology, with rich citation of the current literature, suitable for advanced students and researchers. BERNARD GOFFINET is an Associate Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Connecticut and has contributed to nearly 80 publications. His current research spans from chloroplast genome evolution in liverworts and the phylogeny of mosses, to the systematics of lichen-forming fungi. A. JONATHAN SHAW is a Professor at the Biology Department at Duke University, an Associate Editor for several scientific journals, and Chairman for the Board of Directors, Highlands Biological Station. He has published over 130 scientific papers and book chapters. His research interests include the systematics and phylogenetics of mosses and liverworts and population genetics of peat mosses. Bryophyte Biology Second Edition BERNARD GOFFINET University of Connecticut, USA AND A. -
2447 Introductions V3.Indd
BRYOATT Attributes of British and Irish Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts With Information on Native Status, Size, Life Form, Life History, Geography and Habitat M O Hill, C D Preston, S D S Bosanquet & D B Roy NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology and Countryside Council for Wales 2007 © NERC Copyright 2007 Designed by Paul Westley, Norwich Printed by The Saxon Print Group, Norwich ISBN 978-1-85531-236-4 The Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) is one of the Centres and Surveys of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). Established in 1994, CEH is a multi-disciplinary environmental research organisation. The Biological Records Centre (BRC) is operated by CEH, and currently based at CEH Monks Wood. BRC is jointly funded by CEH and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (www.jncc/gov.uk), the latter acting on behalf of the statutory conservation agencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. CEH and JNCC support BRC as an important component of the National Biodiversity Network. BRC seeks to help naturalists and research biologists to co-ordinate their efforts in studying the occurrence of plants and animals in Britain and Ireland, and to make the results of these studies available to others. For further information, visit www.ceh.ac.uk Cover photograph: Bryophyte-dominated vegetation by a late-lying snow patch at Garbh Uisge Beag, Ben Macdui, July 2007 (courtesy of Gordon Rothero). Published by Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, PE28 2LS. Copies can be ordered by writing to the above address until Spring 2008; thereafter consult www.ceh.ac.uk Contents Introduction . -
An Updated List of Mosses of Korea
Journal of Species Research 9(4):377-412, 2020 An updated list of mosses of Korea Wonhee Kim1,*, Masanobu Higuchi2 and Tomio Yamaguchi3 1National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689 Republic of Korea 2Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-0005 Japan 3Program of Basci Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima-shi 739-8526 Japan *Correspondent: [email protected] Cardot (1904) first reported 98 Korean mosses, which were collected from Busan, Gangwon Province, Mokpo, Seoul, Wonsan and Pyongyang by Father Faurie in 1901. Thirty-four of these species were new species to the world. However, eight of these species have been not listed to the moss checklist of Korea before this study. Thus, this study complies the literature including Korean mosses, and lists all the species there. As the result, the moss list of Korea is updated as including 775 taxa (728 species, 7 subspecies, 38 varieties, 2 forma) arranged into 56 families and 250 genera. This list include species that have been newly recorded since 1980. Brachythecium is the largest genus in Korea, and Fissidens, Sphagnum, Dicranum and Entodon are relatively large. Additionally, this study cites specimens collected from Jeju Island, Samcheok, Gangwon Province, and Socheong Island, and it is possible to confirm the distribution of 338 species in Korea. Keywords: bryophytes, checklist, Korea, mosses, updated Ⓒ 2020 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2020.9.4.377 INTRODUCTION Choi (1980), Park and Choi (2007) reported a “New List of Bryophytes in Korea” by presenting an overview of The first study on Korean bryophytes was published by bryophytes surveyed in Mt. -
New National and Regional Bryophyte Records, 51
Journal of Bryology ISSN: 0373-6687 (Print) 1743-2820 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/yjbr20 New national and regional bryophyte records, 51 L. T. Ellis, M. Aleffi, H. Bednarek-Ochyra, V. A. Bakalin, M. Boiko, J. A. Calleja, V. E. Fedosov, M. S. Ignatov, E. A. Ignatova, R. Garilleti, T. Hallingbäck, N. Lönnell, N. Hodgetts, T. Kiebacher, J. Larraín, M. Lebouvier, M. Lüth, V. Mazimpaka, B. Vigalondo, F. Lara, R. Natcheva, M. Nobis, A. Nowak, J. D. Orgaz, J. Guerra, J. Pantović, N. Nikolić, M. S. Sabovljević, A. D. Sabovljević, O. Yu. Pisarenko, V. Plášek, Z. Skoupá, S. Poponessi, M. Privitera, M. Puglisi, M. Skudnik & Q. H. Wang To cite this article: L. T. Ellis, M. Aleffi, H. Bednarek-Ochyra, V. A. Bakalin, M. Boiko, J. A. Calleja, V. E. Fedosov, M. S. Ignatov, E. A. Ignatova, R. Garilleti, T. Hallingbäck, N. Lönnell, N. Hodgetts, T. Kiebacher, J. Larraín, M. Lebouvier, M. Lüth, V. Mazimpaka, B. Vigalondo, F. Lara, R. Natcheva, M. Nobis, A. Nowak, J. D. Orgaz, J. Guerra, J. Pantović, N. Nikolić, M. S. Sabovljević, A. D. Sabovljević, O. Yu. Pisarenko, V. Plášek, Z. Skoupá, S. Poponessi, M. Privitera, M. Puglisi, M. Skudnik & Q. H. Wang (2017): New national and regional bryophyte records, 51, Journal of Bryology, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2017.1298297 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2017.1298297 Published online: 30 Mar 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 12 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=yjbr20 Download by: [University of Valencia] Date: 02 April 2017, At: 12:25 Bryological Note New national and regional bryophyte records, 51 L.