WORLD RECORDS

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British Library cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 1-892051-00-1

GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS, the STAR AND WOOSH, and the GP LOGO are trademarks of Guinness World Records Ltd .

Guinness World Records 2000 Abbreviations and Measurements Managing Editor Guinness World Records uses both metric and Nic Kynaston imperial meas ~ rements (imperial in brackets). The only exception to this rule is for some Design Lesley Horowitz & Dominic Sinesio at Office, NYC scientific data, where metric measurements only are universally accepted, and for some sports data.

Editorial Manager Senior Editor Editors "GDR" (the German Democratic Republic) refers Rhonda Carrier Tim Footman Emma Dixon. Heather Goetz. Phil Hunt to the East German state which unified with West Germany in 1990. The abbreviation is Picture Editor Design and Production Cover Design Gregory King Robert Hackett Lesley Horowitz & Dominic Sinesio used for sporting records broken before 1990. at Office. NYC Special Content Consultant Assistant Designers Ron Callow at Design 23 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics split Brian Ford Elliot Jarrett. Yahya El-Droubie into a number of parts in 1991, the largest Technical Consultant (Cover) of these being Russia. The Commonwealth Esteve Font Canadell of Independent States replaced it, and the abbreviation "CIS" is used mainly for sporting records broken at the 1992 Olympic Games. Guinness Media Inc., USA Guinness World Records, London Accreditation CEO/Publisher Research Manager Guinness World Records Ltd . has a very Mark C. Young Geoff Trotter thorough accreditation system for records verification . However, while every effort is Research Manager Research Coordinator made to ensure accuracy, Guinness World John W. Hansen Shelley Flacks Records Ltd. cannot be held responsible for any errors contained in this work. Feedback from our readers on any points of accuracy Special Projects Coordinator Records Research is always welcomed. Kim Stram Duncan Flett. Della Howes. Lina Liu. Shazia Mirza, Manjushri Mitra, Stewart Newport. John Rattagan General Warning Researchers Attempting to break records or set new records Ellen Mosher, Andrew Myerberg can be dangerous. Appropriate advice should Keeper of the Records be taken first, and all record attempts are Clive Carpenter undertaken entirely at the participant's risk. Correspondence In no circumstances will Guinness World Helen Andrews. Carole Browne Records Ltd. have any liability for death Cindy Cominsky. Linda Sammis Correspondence Martin Downham. or injury suffered in any record attempts. Amanda Brooks. Ann Collins Guinness World Records Ltd. has complete discretion over whether or not to include any particular records in the book. Pre Production Manager Production Director Patricia Langton Chris Lingard

Production Coordinator Printing and Binding Clair Savage Printer Industria Grafica. SA. Barcelona. Spain

Color Origination Fulfillment Colour Systems. UK Mary Hill and Cathryn Harker

Publishing Director Ian Castello·Cortes

Managing Director Christopher Irwin This book is printed on wood free, chlorine free, and acid free paper

------.----- BIGGEST CHEAPEST ROBOT In 1993, US company Amblin Walkman, a 5-in.-tall robot, Entertainment, which is owned by was built froQ1 the remains of a Sony Steven Spielberg, created an Walkman for $1.75 at the 18-ftAall, 46-ft.-long, 9,ooo-lb. Los Alamos National Laboratory in robotic Tyrannosaurus rex for the New Mexico in 1996. In tests, film Jurassic Park. Made of latex, it struggled to get free when its legs foam rubbel, _an9 urethane, it was the were held without being programmed same size as the original dinosaur and to do so and without making the the biggest robot ever made for a same-movement twice. motion picture. MOST USED SMALLEST ROBOT Puma (Programmable Universal The light-sensitive Monsieur Machine for Assembly), designed microbot, developed by the Seiko by Vic Schienman in the 1970S Epson Corporation in Japan in 1992, and manufactured by Swiss measures less than '/50 in.' and weighs company Staubli Unimation, is '/" oz. Made from 97 separate watch the most commonly used robot parts, it can move at a speed of both on assembly lines and in '/5in. per sec. for about five minutes un iversity laboratories. when charged. FASTEST INDUSTRIAL ROBOT TOUGHEST ROBOT In July 1997, Japanese company A robot named Commander Fanuc developed the LR Mate 1001 ""'" BIGGEST VIRTUAL REALITY MARINE SIMULATION Manipulator has been developed by high-speed conveyance robot, the A girl shakes hands with a turtle-shaped robot at Expo 98, held in British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. to help with axis speed of which is estimated to be Lisbon, Portugal. The exhibition was the setting for the world's biggest the cleanup of contamination at 79% faster than previous models. The Windscale Pile 1 (now called Sellafield) robot can carry objects for up to virtual reality marine simulation ever. Visiting "divers" could explore in Cumbria, England - the scene of 1 mile 1,513 yd . and can move up and the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Antarctic Oceans by means of a VR one of the world's worst nuclear down 1 in. and back and forth 12 in. headset and an Onyx 2 supercomputer. accidents. The technology available at in a time of 0.58 seconds - 60% faster the time of the accident in 1957 was than previous models and an unable to cope with the extreme industry record . pushed . Developed by 150 engineers "intelligent" plastiC building blocks conditions in the plant's defective over 11 years at a total cost of that can be made into "thinking" reactor, so the 14 tons of uranium MOST $80 million, it is intended for use in and brought to life through a fuel inside it were simply buried under In 1997, Japanese company Honda nursing and for tasks that are too home . Developed over more several yards of concrete. The robot is launched the 5-ft.-3·in.-tall dangerous or strenuous for . than 10 years by Professor Papert of largely resistant to the effects of P3 robot. The robot, which has Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology radiation, and its hydraulically three·dimensional sight, can turn MOST ADVANCED ROBOT TOY (MID in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the powered five-jointed arm can shift its head, step over obstacles, change In January 1998, the Danish toy bricks contain a microchip and sensors. weights of up to 280 lb. direction, and correct its balance if company Lego unveiled MindStorms, FASTEST·SELLING ROBOT PET Aibo Oapanese for "partner") is Sony's robot dog, which retails for $2,066. When Aibo made its first appearance MOST SOPHISTICATED on Sony's Web site on May 31, 1999, 3,000 were sold within 20 minutes. The SURGICAL APPLICATION l1·in.-tall Aibo can recognize its Dr. Robert Lazzara of Seattle, Washington, is surroundings with a built-in sensor. It can play independently or be seen practicing a coronary artery bypass on a programmed to do tricks. When model thorax using Computer Motion Inc.'s Zeus another 2,000 Aibos went on sale on robot. Zeus, which was released in February the Internet in the US on June 1, 1999, the initial rush to buy the pet cau sed 1998, allows su rgeons to perform heart Web servers to crash . bypasses through three incisions the width of pencils, using thin instruments that fit inside MOST ADVANCED ROBOTIC ARM In 1997, the US company Barret tubes in the patient's body. Computer Motion Technology developed a $250,000 Inc. is currently plann ing to produce a new robotic arm that has cables that act like version of the robot that allows surgeons to tendons and that can hold weights of 11 lb. in any position. The arm has a 1II1!1I-SDet~U telephone line. total of seven gearless joints, driven by brushless motors. It can throw a ball and could also be developed for LONGEST JOURNEY BY A ROBOT cleani ng, assisting people in and out On July 4, 1997, NASA's Sojourner robot of the bathtub, opening doors, and rover completed its 80-million- preparing meals. mile journey to Mars, landing on its surface within sight of the earlier MOST ADVANCED FORM OF Pathfinder lander. Weighing just ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 38 lb. 10 oz., the robot was controlled Deep Blue, IBM's RS/6000 SP remotely from Earth and roamed the chess·playing parallel supercomputer, surface of Mars conducting scientific beat world chess champion Garry experiments. Because it was so far Kaspa rov by 3)1, games to 2)1, in 1997. away from its Earth-based controller, Equipped with chess·specific maneuvering instructions took almost copro cessors, Deep Blue can examine 20 minutes to reach it. 200 million moves a second, which translates into 50 billion possible moves in three minutes (the time normally allowed for a single move in chess competitions). This astonishing amount of processing power allows Deep Blue to be, in Kasparov's words, "brilliantly subtle." MOST INTELLIGENT ROBOT Based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology BIGGEST ROBOTIC (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Cog Project is The world's largest robotic telescope, situated at La Palma in the Canary an attempt to bring together the many different fields Islands, has been built as a joint of artificial intelligence and . When completed, project between the Royal Cog (pictured below), the robot under construction, in Greenwich, London, and the will represent the ultimate in AI robotics - it will be astro physics department at Liverpool's John Moores University, both in an intelligent humanoid that can think, hear, feel, England. Controlled remotely from an touch, and speak. office at the university's departm ent, the telescope has a 6·ft.·7·i n. aperture that will allow researchers to study black holes, red giants, and distant galaxies.

BIGGEST PRODUCER OF COMMERCIAL ROBOTS Form ed in 1982, Japanese robot man ufacturer Fanuc is the largest prod ucer of commercial robots. Fanuc Robotics in the US has more than 1,100 employees and 21,000 robots in service.

COUNTRY WITH THE MOST INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS Since 1991, approximately 325,000 robots have been installed in Japan - more than half of the 580,000 insta lled worldwide. For every 10,000 people that are employed in the Japanese manufacturing industry, there are now 265 robots in use.

MOST AUTOMATED FACILITY In March 1997, the Fanuc assembly plan t in Yamanashi, Japan, became the most automated facility in the World when a number of two·armed intelligent robots began to assemble mini-robots, resulting in a completely ;jllt,...... "_ ..J ___ .. , __ ... .. ~ : _ _ ...... ,, __ index

photograph: least profitable 75; Prajapati, Radhey Shyam 51 race, longest 250 ricin 204 Rosberg, Keke 242 most valuable 142 Prapancha Pash 117 racing 56; beach 244 Riddell, Roger "Mr. Rose Bowl stadium 233 Pia get International SA 77 Pray 121 Radcliffe, Peter 103 Backward" 23 Rose, Pete 240 pianos: most valuable 79; Prayag, India 108 radiation 196 Riddler's Revenge, The 135 Rosenberg, julius 24 orchestra 52 Preisler, Horst 250 radio dish, biggest 173 Riina, Salvatore "Toto" 111 Rosendahl, Peter 273 Piazza, Mike 240 Presley, Elvis 88, 104, 122, 129 Radio Shack 81 Rimes, LeAnn 129 Roskelly, john 17 Picasso, Pablo 142- 143 Presley, Lisa Marie 69 Ragab, Hisham 154 Ripken, Cal 240 Ross, Geoff 63 Piccard, August 12 Presley, Richard 18 Ragulin, Aleksandr 220 Rita, Ang 16 roundworms 202 Piccard, Bertrand 12, 15 Prestwich, john 156 Rainer, Adam 153 rites 108-109 Rowe, Denny 49 Piccard, Dr. jacques 12,18 Pretou, Fabien 153 Rainforest Foundation Ritof, Mike 50 Rowe, Lazarus 58 Piech, Ferdinand 71 Price, Herbert "Bart" 236 International 100 Ritter, Tim 213 Rowell, Glenn 17 piercing 150 Price, Nick 224-225 Raitt, Bonnie 128 Riven 168 rowing: reference 264 piggy ban ks: collection 65 prickly pear 204 Raj restaurant 62 Rivero, Virginia 27 Roy, Patrick 221 Pilcic, julie 211 primates: biggest 40; longest· Ralabate, Michele 159 Roache, William 90 Royal Court Theatre, London 104 pills, most taken 156 lived 40; smallest 40 Ramos, jorge Alberto 49 road fatalities 188 Royal National Lifeboat pilots, oldest 58 Prince 89, 102; and the Ramos, Richie 150 Road Less Traveled, The 138 Institution 24 pinball machine, most Revolution 126 Ramshastri 116 robberies, biggest 110 Royal Towers of Atlantis 72 expensive 74 Prince jefri 69 Ramstein Air Base 193 Roberts, Andy 105 royals, richest 68 Pinda, Emmanuel 249 Prince Of Egypt, The 132 Rankin, William 208 Roberts, julia 87 Rubik's Cube, most valuable 74 pineapple, biggest 63 Princess Cup 227 rape rate, highest 188 Robie, Marie 225 Ruby (elephant) 106 -- Pink Floyd 124 Princess Mononoke 132 Rare Bear 180 Robinson, Dar 22 Ruby, Karine 214 pinnipeds: biggest 40; prion 198 Rashid, Tahir 234 robotic arm, most advanced 170 rugby league 236-237 smallest 41 Pritzker, jay A. and Robert A. 70 Rasmussen, Poul Nyrup 99 robotic telescope, biggest 171 rugby union 236-237 piracy 188 private jet, most luxurious 68 Rastelli, Enrico 48 robots: biggest 170; cheapest Ruijter, Charles 59 piranhas 200 Prodigy 126 rats, Black Death 201 170; commercial 171; industrial Rumyantseva, Natalia 253 pirate ships 19 Produktie B.V., Iglo·Ola 62 "Ray Of Light" 120 170-171; longest journey 171; Runte, Dan 23 Pisces 11127 Prokurorov, Aleksey 216 Ray, Satyajit 116 most humanoid 170; most Rusedski, Greg 227 Pistiola, Dimitrios 65 ProMusicFind .Com 164 Ray, Thomas 222 intelligent 171; pet 170; Russanova, Tatyana Pitt-Turner, Thelma 250 Prost, Alain 242 Ray·Ban Wayfarer 147 smallest 170; toughest 170; Mikhailovna 27 Pitzer, Piet 56 protein, most elusive 31 RCA Records 123 toy 170 Russell, jack 234 pizza delivery 54 Proudfoot, Michael 27 RD-170 (engine) 182 Robson, Bryan 230 Russo-German pact 52 Plainview 181 Pruefer, Michel 215 Reader's Digest 139 Roche 70 Rutschebanen Mk 11135 planes 180-181, 184 Public Enemy 126 Reagan, Ronald 78 rock music 124-125 Ruttman, Troy 242 Plante, jacques 221 pubs, biggest 61 Rebel XD 272 Rockefeller, john D. 70 Ruud, Birger 216 plants: dangerous and strange Pudong New Area, Shanghai 36 Red Bug Buckboard 177 rockets: biggest 182; least Ryan, Elizabeth 226 204-205 puffer fish 200 Red Cross 25 reliable launch system 182; Ryan, Nolan 241 Plasmodium falciparum 198 Puma (Programmable Universal Rede Globo 118 most advanced engine 182; Ryoki de Alpoim Inoue, jose plastic·duck racing 56 Machine for Assembly) 170 Redmond, Lee 273 most complex heat shield 182; Carlos 138 plastic surgery 150-51 Puma Tyneside Running Club 223 Reebok 136 most expensive 182; most play, longest 141 pumpkin, biggest 63 Reed, joe 23, 272 intelligent 182; most powerful Player, Gary 224 Puppy 142 Reed, Lou 120 engine 182; most spectacular Pocket Monsters 132 "Puppy Love" 123 Reel.com 165 launch failure 182; smallest 182 Pocket Pikachu 169 Purcell, Philip j. 71 Rees, Simon 130 Rockin' Years, The 129 Poenisch, Walter Sr. 247 Purdue University 167,233 Reeves, jim 128 Rocky Horror Picture Show, poison arrow frog 200 Purol, jim "The Mouth" 155, 272 Refsdahl, jan Egil157 The 104 Saatchi & Saatchi 137 poison ivy 204 purple nut grass 205 Regembal, Michel 36 Rocky Mountain Ostrich Sabbathday Lake Shakers 109 poison oak 204 Purple Rain 126 Regina Maersk 181 Festival 57 saccharide 30 Poivre d'Arvor, Patrick 90 pygmy mouse lemur 40 Reichstag, Berlin 37 Rodden, Tom 49 Sacher, Paul 70 poker 82 Pyle, Cheyenne 38 Reinoehl, Mike 210 Roddenberry, Gene 10 sacred object, most valuable 78 Polaire, Mile 152 Reitz, johnny 272 Roddick, Gordon 101 saffron 60 polar bears 201 Rela, Mohammed 38 rodents 40 saguaro cactus 204 ~ Polaroid Corporation 34 relay running 222-223 Rodgers, Richard 130 Sailer, Toni 216 politicians 99 religions 108-109 Rogers , Ginger 86 sailing vessels: biggest 180; Poliyakov, Valeriy 10 R.E.M 125 Rohner, Marcel 219 fastest 180; longest 180 Pollard, Stephen 39 Resident Evil 168 Rohrl, Walter 243 Sain, Kalyan Ramji 155 pollution 196-197 Qais aur Laila 117 Resident Evil 2 168 Rojas, Te6filo "Sparks" 110 saints 109 polo: reference 262-263 Qu ~ rmby , Arthur 72 Resino, Abel 229 roller coasters 134-135: biggest 51. Gottard road tunn