DOCSLIB.ORG

Gopakumar KG

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gopakumar KG TheThe GreatGreat YearYear andand VirginVirgin CometsComets Gopakumar K.G The Great Year and Virgin Comets 2 To know that we know what we know, and to know that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge. -- NicolausNicolaus CopernicusCopernicus -- The Great Year and Virgin Comets 3 Table of Contents Preface........................................................................................................................................5 Acknowledgement......................................................................................................................7 Chapter I.....................................................................................................................................8 Our understanding of Solar System........................................................................................8 Astronomy, Cosmology and Astrology..............................................................................8 Optical Telescopes.............................................................................................................8 Radio Telescopes................................................................................................................9 Very Large Array (VLA).................................................................................................11 Infrared Telescopes..........................................................................................................11 Binoculars.........................................................................................................................11 Galileo Galilei..................................................................................................................12 Who discovered the planets of our Solar System?...........................................................13 Discovery of Uranus.........................................................................................................14 Discovery of Neptune.......................................................................................................16 Discovery of Pluto............................................................................................................18 Chapter II..................................................................................................................................20 Our knowledge expands.......................................................................................................20 Kuiper Belt.......................................................................................................................20 Trans Neptunian objects (TNO).......................................................................................20 Oort Cloud........................................................................................................................20 Asteroid Belt.....................................................................................................................22 Trojan Asteroids...............................................................................................................23 The Pioneer Missions.......................................................................................................23 The Pioneer 10..................................................................................................................23 Pioneer 11.........................................................................................................................24 Pioneer plaque..................................................................................................................25 Voyager Program.............................................................................................................26 Chapter III................................................................................................................................28 Ancient Astronomy..............................................................................................................28 Sumerians.........................................................................................................................28 Tiamat...............................................................................................................................30 Marduk.............................................................................................................................31 Impossible knowledge......................................................................................................31 Constellations...................................................................................................................31 Where did the constellations come from?........................................................................32 Zodiac ..............................................................................................................................33 Chapter IV................................................................................................................................35 Ancient Observatories and Sites...........................................................................................35 Stonehenge.......................................................................................................................35 Newgrange........................................................................................................................36 Gaocheng..........................................................................................................................37 Angkor Wat......................................................................................................................37 Jantar Mantar....................................................................................................................38 Maya Civilisation.............................................................................................................41 Chichen Itza......................................................................................................................42 Tikal.................................................................................................................................43 Chapter V.................................................................................................................................45 Lost Knowledge...................................................................................................................45 Pyramid of Giza................................................................................................................45 The Great Year and Virgin Comets 4 The Great Sphinx..............................................................................................................47 Colossi of Memnon..........................................................................................................48 The Unfinished Obelisk....................................................................................................50 The Antikythera Mechanism ...........................................................................................51 Chapter VI................................................................................................................................53 The Great Year.....................................................................................................................53 Back to school days!.........................................................................................................53 Equinox............................................................................................................................54 Solstice.............................................................................................................................55 Precision of the Equinox..................................................................................................56 The big challenge: What causes the precession of the Equinox?.....................................58 Chapter VII...............................................................................................................................60 Binary Star of Sun................................................................................................................60 Chapter VIII.............................................................................................................................63 Central Sun...........................................................................................................................63 The Pleiades Star System.................................................................................................64 Why are the Pleiades Important?......................................................................................66 Chapter IX................................................................................................................................68 Effects of Great Year............................................................................................................68 Based on Binary Star........................................................................................................68 Based on Central Sun Alcyone.........................................................................................70 Chapter X.................................................................................................................................73
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Comet of the Enlightenment Anders Johan Lexell's Life and Discoveries Series: Vita Mathematica
    birkhauser-science.de Johan C.-E. Stén A Comet of the Enlightenment Anders Johan Lexell's Life and Discoveries Series: Vita Mathematica The first-ever full-length biography of the mathematician and astronomer Anders Johan Lexell (1740–1784) Sheds new light on the collaborators of Leonhard Euler Interesting study of a scientist's grand tour through enlightened Europe The Finnish mathematician and astronomer Anders Johan Lexell (1740–1784) was a long-time close collaborator as well as the academic successor of Leonhard Euler at the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. Lexell was initially invited by Euler from his native town of Abo (Turku) in Finland to Saint Petersburg to assist in the mathematical processing of the astronomical data of the forthcoming transit of Venus of 1769. A few years later he 2014, XVI, 300 p. 46 illus., 16 illus. in became an ordinary member of the Academy. This is the first-ever full-length biography color. devoted to Lexell and his prolific scientific output. His rich correspondence especially from his grand tour to Germany, France and England reveals him as a lucid observer of the intellectual Printed book landscape of enlightened Europe. In the skies, a comet, a minor planet and a crater on the Hardcover Moon named after Lexell also perpetuate his memory. 129,99 € | £109.99 | $159.99 [1]139,09 € (D) | 142,99 € (A) | CHF 153,50 Softcover 89,99 € | £79.99 | $109.99 [1]96,29 € (D) | 98,99 € (A) | CHF 106,50 eBook 74,89 € | £63.99 | $84.99 [2]74,89 € (D) | 74,89 € (A) | CHF 85,00 Available from your library or springer.com/shop MyCopy [3] Printed eBook for just € | $ 24.99 springer.com/mycopy Order online at springer.com / or for the Americas call (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER / or email us at: customerservice@springernature.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitor 1St Quarter 2019
    THE ACADEMY MONITOR VOLUME 13 ISSUE 1 1 GREETINGS FROM THE GREAT HALLS OF LEARNING, S STARFLEET ACADEMY!!! T Q U A R IN THIS ISSUE: T Commandant Article 2 E Academy Information 3-5 Around the Academy R Outstanding Students 6 Academic Excellence Awards 7 Graduates 8-13 Academy Degree Program 14&15 2 Bridge Officers Cert Awards 16 0 Vessel Readiness Cert Program 17 Boothby 18-22 1 Miscellaneous 23-34 Editor Comments 35 9 FROM THE ACTING COMMANDANT The first Quarter of 2019 was insanely busy, as Academy continued to recover from the passing of Glen Diebold on September 26, 2018. We also migrated Academy from its separate server into SFI.org, so that the STARFLEET branding could be applied to Academy, and to eliminate the costs of an extra domain and web hosting. We had to close Glen’s unfinished projects that he left behind, and audit and retire those colleges that were not performing at minimum standards. We were not lacking in volunteers to direct those that were left. Survival Studies (COSS), a favorite among many students, was taken over by myself, the author of the first version of the college. The COSS has gone through a major rewrite and reformat. Long exams were divided into 25-point multiple choice or True and False exams. Three of the four schools are reopened, and the fourth will be open soon, with more exams to be added. Wherever an exam was split into 2 or more exams, the existing graduates was copied over with their grades and completion dates.
    [Show full text]
  • PYTS/ASTR 206 – Comets 1
    PYTS/ASTR 206 – Comets 1 Announcements HW6 available today, due in a week Use Kevin as the TA for this one 2 In-class assignments left in 3 lectures PYTS/ASTR 206 – Comets 2 Comets PTYS/ASTR 206 – The Golden Age of Planetary Exploration Shane Byrne – shane@lpl.arizona.edu PYTS/ASTR 206 – Comets 3 In this lecture… Observations of comets What are comets? Composition and structure Cometary tails Ion and dust tails Where do comets come from? Orbits of comets Oort cloud Scattered Kuiper Belt PYTS/ASTR 206 – Comets 4 Observations of comets Comets have been known from ancient times Thought to foreshadow disasters and major battles Pre-telescopes the known solar system was a pretty empty place Moon and the Sun Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn And COMETS No Uranus No Neptune No planetary Moons (except ours) No Asteroids No Kuiper Belt Objects PYTS/ASTR 206 – Comets 5 People have recorded comet sightings for millennia 167 BC 687 AD 1986 AD PYTS/ASTR 206 – Comets 6 Ancient Greeks thought comets were atmospheric phenomena In the west this went unchallenged until telescopes came along Tycho Brahe’s parallax measurements proved this wrong Comets were much further away than the Moon Renaissance astronomers thought comets moved in straight lines through the solar system Even Kepler argued they shouldn’t follow elliptical orbits like the planets In the 1680s astronomers tracked a comet and showed it had an elliptical orbit Comets were solar system objects – just like planets PYTS/ASTR 206 – Comets 7 Newton finally
    [Show full text]
  • THE GREAT CHRIST COMET CHRIST GREAT the an Absolutely Astonishing Triumph.” COLIN R
    “I am simply in awe of this book. THE GREAT CHRIST COMET An absolutely astonishing triumph.” COLIN R. NICHOLL ERIC METAXAS, New York Times best-selling author, Bonhoeffer The Star of Bethlehem is one of the greatest mysteries in astronomy and in the Bible. What was it? How did it prompt the Magi to set out on a long journey to Judea? How did it lead them to Jesus? THE In this groundbreaking book, Colin R. Nicholl makes the compelling case that the Star of Bethlehem could only have been a great comet. Taking a fresh look at the biblical text and drawing on the latest astronomical research, this beautifully illustrated volume will introduce readers to the Bethlehem Star in all of its glory. GREAT “A stunning book. It is now the definitive “In every respect this volume is a remarkable treatment of the subject.” achievement. I regard it as the most important J. P. MORELAND, Distinguished Professor book ever published on the Star of Bethlehem.” of Philosophy, Biola University GARY W. KRONK, author, Cometography; consultant, American Meteor Society “Erudite, engrossing, and compelling.” DUNCAN STEEL, comet expert, Armagh “Nicholl brilliantly tackles a subject that has CHRIST Observatory; author, Marking Time been debated for centuries. You will not be able to put this book down!” “An amazing study. The depth and breadth LOUIE GIGLIO, Pastor, Passion City Church, of learning that Nicholl displays is prodigious Atlanta, Georgia and persuasive.” GORDON WENHAM, Adjunct Professor “The most comprehensive interdisciplinary of Old Testament, Trinity College, Bristol synthesis of biblical and astronomical data COMET yet produced.
    [Show full text]
  • Mètodes De Detecció I Anàlisi D'exoplanetes
    MÈTODES DE DETECCIÓ I ANÀLISI D’EXOPLANETES Rubén Soussé Villa 2n de Batxillerat Tutora: Dolors Romero IES XXV Olimpíada 13/1/2011 Mètodes de detecció i anàlisi d’exoplanetes . Índex - Introducció ............................................................................................. 5 [ Marc Teòric ] 1. L’Univers ............................................................................................... 6 1.1 Les estrelles .................................................................................. 6 1.1.1 Vida de les estrelles .............................................................. 7 1.1.2 Classes espectrals .................................................................9 1.1.3 Magnitud ........................................................................... 9 1.2 Sistemes planetaris: El Sistema Solar .............................................. 10 1.2.1 Formació ......................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Planetes .......................................................................... 13 2. Planetes extrasolars ............................................................................ 19 2.1 Denominació .............................................................................. 19 2.2 Història dels exoplanetes .............................................................. 20 2.3 Mètodes per detectar-los i saber-ne les característiques ..................... 26 2.3.1 Oscil·lació Doppler ........................................................... 27 2.3.2 Trànsits
    [Show full text]
  • Richard C. Hoagland - Summary Bibliography
    Richard C. Hoagland - Summary Bibliography Search the database Advanced Search Not Logged In Log In Help Navigating Other Pages: Home Page ISFDB Wiki ISFDB FAQ Magazines Awards Recent Edits Recent Verifications Other Bibliographies For This Author: Summary Awards Alphabetical Chronological Editing Tools: Moderator Edit Author Data Make/Remove a Pseudonym Show All Titles Check for Duplicate Titles Add New Data: Add New Anthology Add New Chapterbook Add New Collection Add New Fanzine Add New Magazine Add New Nonfiction Add New Novel Add New Omnibus Policies: Disclaimer Privacy Policy Banner Art Credits License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Used These Alternate Names: Dick Hoagland Interviews: Interview: Richard Hoagland Biography: Bio:Richard C. Hoagland Bibliographic Comments: Author:Richard C. Hoagland Nonfiction The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever (1989) Dark Mission: The Secret History of NASA (2007) with Mike Bara Essay Series Science Fact (Analog) o Why We WON'T Find Life on Mars (1974) o Rendezvous in 1985 (1975) o Return to Mars: A Mission for the Enterprise (1977) o The Blivit in the B-Ring (Part 1 of 2) (1982) o The Blivit in the B-Ring (Part 2 of 2) (1983) o The Curious Case of the Humanoid Face ... On Mars (1986) (R)evolution o Torchships Now! (If, July-August 1974) (1974) with Robert D. Enzmann o Torchships Now! (If, September-October 1974) (1974) with Robert D. Enzmann o Following Yonder Star (1974) Essays Forum: Television: Never-Never Land and Clarke's Third Law (1974) [only as by Dick Hoagland ] The Origin of the Solar System (1977) with Ben Bova Space: The El Chichon Incident (1983) Richard C.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Cosmology
    The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life Pekka Teerikorpi • Mauri Valtonen • Kirsi Lehto • Harry Lehto • Gene Byrd • Arthur Chernin The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life The Search for Our Cosmic Roots 123 Dr. Pekka Teerikorpi Dr. Mauri Valtonen University of Turku University of Turku Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Physics and Astronomy Tuorla Observatory Tuorla Observatory FI-21500 Piikkio¨ FI-21500 Piikkio¨ Finland Finland pekkatee@utu.fi mavalto@utu.fi Dr. Kirsi Lehto Dr. Harry Lehto University of Turku University of Turku Department of Biology Department of Physics and Astronomy Laboratory of Plant Physiology Tuorla Observatory FI-20014 Turku FI-21500 Piikkio¨ Finland Finland klehto@utu.fi hlehto@utu.fi Dr. Gene Byrd Dr. Arthur Chernin University of Alabama Sternberg State Astronomical Institute Department of Physics and Astronomy Universitetskiy Prospect 13 P.O. Box 870324 Moscow Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0324 Russia 119899 USA chernin@sai.msu.ru byrd@bama.ua.edu ISBN 978-0-387-09533-2 e-ISBN 978-0-387-09534-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008930766 c 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1409.4736V1 [Math.HO] 16 Sep 2014
    ON THE WORKS OF EULER AND HIS FOLLOWERS ON SPHERICAL GEOMETRY ATHANASE PAPADOPOULOS Abstract. We review and comment on some works of Euler and his followers on spherical geometry. We start by presenting some memoirs of Euler on spherical trigonometry. We comment on Euler's use of the methods of the calculus of variations in spherical trigonometry. We then survey a series of geometrical resuls, where the stress is on the analogy between the results in spherical geometry and the corresponding results in Euclidean geometry. We elaborate on two such results. The first one, known as Lexell's Theorem (Lexell was a student of Euler), concerns the locus of the vertices of a spherical triangle with a fixed area and a given base. This is the spherical counterpart of a result in Euclid's Elements, but it is much more difficult to prove than its Euclidean analogue. The second result, due to Euler, is the spherical analogue of a generalization of a theorem of Pappus (Proposition 117 of Book VII of the Collection) on the construction of a triangle inscribed in a circle whose sides are contained in three lines that pass through three given points. Both results have many ramifications, involving several mathematicians, and we mention some of these developments. We also comment on three papers of Euler on projections of the sphere on the Euclidean plane that are related with the art of drawing geographical maps. AMS classification: 01-99 ; 53-02 ; 53-03 ; 53A05 ; 53A35. Keywords: spherical trigonometry, spherical geometry, Euler, Lexell the- orem, cartography, calculus of variations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synoptic Overview of Selected Key People and Key Places Involved in Historical Transits of Venus
    MEETING VENUS C. Sterken, P. P. Aspaas (Eds.) The Journal of Astronomical Data 19, 1, 2013 A Synoptic Overview of Selected Key People and Key Places Involved in Historical Transits of Venus Christiaan Sterken Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Per Pippin Aspaas University of Tromsø, Norway Abstract. This paper presents an overview of the dramatis personae et situs, or significant characters and places dealt with in this book. Several geographical and political maps, and timelines are provided as an aid to the reader. 1. Introduction The transits of Venus are landmarks in the history of science, principally because of their use in historical attempts to measure the scale of our solar system. Eight transits of Venus have occurred since the prediction of the first such event by Jo- hannes Kepler in 1629. These transits appeared in four pairs spaced by 8 years, with each pair separated by a time interval of more than one century.1 The transit pairs alternatively happen in early June and in early December. Figure 1 shows the timeline of occurrence of the events, together with the publication date of four historical works that played a crucial role in the transit of Venus science, viz., 1. In 1629, Johannes Kepler published in his De raris mirisq[ue] Anni 1631. Phaenomenis, Veneris put`a& Mercurii in Solem incursu,2 the very first pre- dictions that a transit of Mercury will occur in November 1631, followed by a transit of Venus one month later. Kepler died a year before the events. 2. Isaac Newton’s Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, that layed down the theoretical basis for Kepler’s laws, was published in London in 1687.
    [Show full text]
  • Transit Observations As Means to Re-Establish the Reputation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
    MEETING VENUS C. Sterken, P. P. Aspaas (Eds.) The Journal of Astronomical Data 19, 1, 2013 Transit Observations as Means to Re-establish the Reputation of the Russian Academy of Sciences Gudrun Bucher L¨owenstrasse 22, 63067 Offenbach, Germany Abstract. This paper explores how Catherine II used the worldwide attention given to observations of the transit of Venus to bring back the Russian Academy of Sciences into international recognition. Starting from the planned observations of the transit of Venus at various locations of the Russian Empire, the expeditions became more complex because naturalists were added to the astronomical expedi- tions. As the naturalists got separate instructions, their expeditions became more and more independent of the astronomers and eventually became known as the fa- mous Academic Expeditions with a tremendous output of publications. This was the second huge effort made by Russia during the eighteenth century to explore scientifically remote parts of its empire. As far as individual Venus transit expeditions are concerned, this paper focuses on those that visited places in the southern parts of the Ural Mountains and the northern shores of the Caspian Sea. 1. Russia and the 1761 transit of Venus When the calculated date of the first transit of Venus of the eighteenth century approached (June 6, 1761), the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences (Fig. 1) was in a difficult situation. With the beginning of the reign of Elisabeth Petrovna (Tsarina 1741–1761) and her “pro-Russian” policies, open suspicion was cast on foreign scholars as possible clandestine informers of various Western powers, and the decline of the Academy began.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Archive the Skyscraper August 2017
    the vol. 44 no. 08 Skyscraper August 2017 AMATEUR ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF RHODE ISLAND 47 PEEPTOAD ROAD NORTH SCITUATE, RHODE ISLAND 02857 WWW.THESKYSCRAPERS.ORG In This Issue: 2 Astronomy Nights at Friday, August 4 at Seagrave Observatory River Bend Farm Gravitational Waves Found! 2 Let’s Go “Back to the Moon for A billion years ago, two black holes col- talk is given by Dr. Rainer Weiss, one of the Good” at the URI Planetarium lided and merged, sending powerful ripples co-founders of LIGO. He will speak about 3 Library Telescope Program across the fabric of space-time. In 2015 those the challenges of LIGO and of the implica- is “Off the Ground” gravitational waves reached Earth and tick- tions of this momentous discovery. 4 Perseid Meteor Shower: led the detectors of the Laser Interferometer Dr. Rainer Weiss is Professor of Physics, “Meteor-ocre” Display for 2017 Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). emeritus at MIT and co-founder of the La- This first-ever detection of gravitational ser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Ob- 4 Voyages to the Stars waves confirmed a long-standing prediction servatory. 5 M24 & NGC 6603 : Star Cloud of Einstein's general relativity. It also was the in Sagittarius & Open Cluster culmination of a decades-long effort." This 6 July Reports 7 Twenty Years Ago on Mars… 8 The Sun, Moon & Planets in August 9 Star Party Update & Recent Happenings at Seagrve Observatory Partial Solar Eclipse at Seagrave Observatory Monday, August 21, 2017 1-4pm Skyscrapers (rain date, April 8, 2024) Board Meetings Jeff Padell will be leading our local solar eclipse star party at Third Monday of the Month All Members Welcome Seagrave Observatory on Monday afternoon 1-4pm with white light and hydrogen-alpha-filtered solar telescopes.
    [Show full text]
  • THE COMETS of DESTINY MAJOR NAKED-EYE COMETS Countdown of the Prophetic Celestial Harbingers by Luis B
    THE COMETS OF DESTINY MAJOR NAKED-EYE COMETS Countdown of the Prophetic Celestial Harbingers by Luis B. Vega vegapost@hotmail.com www.PostScripts.org The purpose of this study is to highlight several key and unique properties of the ‘Naked-Eye’ comets that have thus far been cataloged from 1996-2012. There appears to be somewhat of a ’pattern’ since 1996. Perhaps such a pattern of these types of comets is heralding a time in the upcoming decade that will be of some great significance prophetically. Several elements of these comets will be noted and some definitions will be provided for context. The dates used to mark the comets on the timeline are taken from data that was available, of when the comets reached their ‘epoch’ or perihelion and not necessarily when they were first ‘seen’. Metaphorically, comets seem to be ‘underlining’ the storyline of the Zodiac as it passes through certain constellations of the Mazzaroth. If the Mazzaroth is indeed the ‘Gospel’ written in the Stars as many Biblical scholars propose, then these comet’s path are accenting or underlining specific parts of the ’Witness’ or Gospel in the Cosmos. The ‘Sun, Moon and the Stars’ are like a clock with the 3 corresponding hands, the hour, the minutes and the seconds, etc. YHVH, the Creator of the Universe wants the world, and especially His Bride, those within His Church to take note of such Signs as they were designed to tell time. It could be clocking the countdown to the Rapture, the world’s judgment, and 2nd coming of Jesus.
    [Show full text]