An Introduction to Africana Philosophy Lewis R

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85885-4 - An Introduction to Africana Philosophy Lewis R. Gordon Index More information

Index

Abdou, Imam Muhammad, 190 Africana, versus black,1 Abolitionist movement (US), 49 Africana philosophy, passim, but see Abraham, William, 36 especially, 248, 249; African, 7, 15, 35, Academy of St. Louis, 147 109, 185, 208; African-American, 69, 91, Accasa (Fanti king), Ambro, 40, 42 109, 171, 172, 173; Canadian, 110, 120, Achebe, Chinua, 195, 218 203; Caribbean, 116, 157, 159, 167, 173, Ackerman, Bruce, 230 175, 183, 184, 203, 217; as a modern Addell, Sandra, 78 philosophy, 21, 37; particular, 31; a Adeleke, Tunde, 48 species of Africana thought, 1; exclusion afﬁrmative action, 112, 211, 225 of, 15; historical scope of, 15; Latin Africa, 3, 22, 25, 34, 62, 78, 108, 132; cities American, 181; metaphilosophy, 14; in, 222; etymology of, 15, 17, 116; history Native American, 105 of, 24; indigenous languages of, 17; African Community League (ACL), 163 modern European colonization of, 189; African National Congress, 193, 225 North, 4, 8, 15, 189; Phoenician, Greek, Africanism, 204 Roman, Visigoth, Arabic invasions and Afrikaaner(s), 193 colonizations of northern regions, 189; Afro-Arab(s), 22, 23, 125, 159 political situation of, 199; Sahara- Afrocentricity, 106--10, 138; as an Sahelian region, 186; trade in and existential philosophy, 139 across, 18, 25 Afrocentrism, 91, 106--10, 204 African(s), 10, 13, 14, 25, 28, 31, 41, 109; Agbeyebiawo, Daniel, 73 academic philosophers, 199; ancient, 15, agency, 108, 129, 139, 141, 167, 175, 229, 16; authenticity standards on, 199, 207, 247; in African cosmologies, 200, 203; 242; becoming black, 78, 79; Christian female, 210; adverbial, 239 salvation of, 38, 64; conceptions of time, Ahluwalia, Pal, 194, 226, 227, 228, 229, 187, 200--2; cosmopolitanism, 205, 233; 230, 231; critique of Mamdani, 228 creolizations of, 199, 217; differences Ahmed, Sara, 153, 154, 155; on disciplines, and disunity of, 206; historians, 203; 153; Fanon, 154; queering historicist--poeticist divide, 219; phenomenology, 153; tables/tabling, 154 infantilization of, 224; political thought Aidoo, Ama Ata, 195 (see political theory/political thought); Ajumako, in Ghana, 39 secular humanist academics, 194--5; Ajzenstat, Oona, 212 value systems, 200--2, 208, 235; Akan, the, 132, 186, 187, 235; (see also Westernized, 199, 207; writing, 198--9 Gyekye, Kwami; Wiredu, Kwasi)

260

Index 261

Akron, Ohio, 102 Aptheker, Herbert, 30, 73 Al-Andalus, 4 Arabic, 159 Alcibiades, 250 Arawaks, 157 Alcoff, Linda Martín, 121, 141, 144, 145, Aristotle, 26, 29, 63, 85, 124, 130, 146, 190, 146, 147, 148, 149, 155, 180, 181, 182; on 235 Judith Butler, 146, 148, 150; Armah, Ayi Kwei, 195 hermeneutics, 147; interpellation, 146, Asante (people), 196 148; phenomenology, 147, 148; race, 147, Asante, Moleﬁ Kete, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 148, 149; recognition, 146; theorizing 110, 138; on Africology, 108, 109; agency the self, 147; women, 147, 148 in history, 108, 138; classical African Algeria, 167; Algerian War, 167; Algerian civilization, 108; critique of National Liberation Front, 167; Hippo postmodernism, 108, 110; djed, 109; (ancient), 188 existentialism of, 110; homelessness, Ali, Ben, 125 138; language, 108 Allen, Ernest, Jr., 77 Asia(ns), iii, 3, 15, 25, 62, 78, 116, 199, 225, Allen, Samuel W., 73 242; Western, 17, 27 America(s), the, 8, 17, 42; conquest of, 28; Atlanta University, 74 colonies of, 35; Americanism, 96; Augustine, St. bishop of Hippo, 26, 43, 188, post-continental critique of, 181 189, 195 American Declaration of Independence, 56 Austin, Allan D., 99 American Negro Academy, 51, 54 Australia, 78, 158, 223 Americans, Native, 15, 28, 70, 105, 157, Averro¨es [Ibn Rushd], 23, 24, 190, 249 158, 217 Axim, Ghana, 35, 37 Amerigo Vespucci (see Vespucci, Amerigo) Aziz Al-Azmeh, Ibn Khaldun¯ ,24 Amin, Samir, 194 Aztecs, 30 Amo, Anton-Wilhelm, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 189, 249 Babbit, Susan E., and Sue Campbell, 79 African identity of critique of Bacon, Francis, 30 Cartesianism, 38 bad faith, 140, 141, 173 Amsterdam, 35 Badawi, Abdel-Rahman, 190, 191 ancestors, 187, 205, 209, 217, 235 Bahamas, the, 4 Anderson, Elijah, 75, 78 Baldwin, James, 95, 134, 135 Anderson, Victor, 97 Bales, Kevin, 18, 161 Andrews, William L., 73 Balibar, Etienne, 228 Anikulapo-Kuti, Fela, 195 Bambara, Toni Cade, 101 anthropology, 13, 60, 162, 196; Bamikole, Lawrence, 180 philosophical, 13, 60, 80, 91, 93, 98, 115, Banchetti-Robino, Marina Paola, 184 123, 132, 139, 142, 145, 168, 170, 171, Banneker, Benjamin, 31 173, 243, 248 Bantu linguistic group, 15 Anthropology Society (French), 57 Barbados, 171, 184 Antigua, 172 Barnes, Jonathan, 214 anti-Semitism, 115 Barrington, Massachusetts, 73 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 52, 111, 112, 117, Bauman, Zygmunt, 223 194, 205, 206, 230, 233; opposition to beauty and ugliness, 135 communalism, 233; (see also Gyekye, Beauvoir, Simone de, 133, 152 Kwame) Bell, Bernard W., and Emily Grosholz, 73

262 Index

Berbers, 159, 189 Burrell, Jocelyn, 191 Bergson, Henri, 148 Butler, Judith, 121, 146, 148, 150, 151, 208, Berkeley, Bishop George, 30 216; (see also Alcoff, Linda); on Fanon, 121 Berlin, Germany, 74, 92 Berlin Conference (1884--5), 206 Cabral, Amílcar, 192, 222, 236 Bernal, Martin, 1, 2, 6, 197 Caliban, 167, 174, 249 Bernasconi, Robert, 120 Cambridge University, 51 Bernasconi, Robert, and Anika Mann, 105 Cameroon, 212 Bethesda, Maryland, 167 Campbell, Alexander, 40 Bewaji, John Ayotunde Isola, 39, 180, Camus, Albert, 84, 195 197 Canetti, Elias, 244 Bhabha, Homi, 81, 192 Canada, 116, 157, 159--60, 167, 171 Bhan, Esme, 70, 71, 72 Cannon, Katie Geneva, 102 Biko, Steve Bantu, 120, 193, 249 capitalism, 107, 129--30, 223; state, 165; (see biology, 148, 215, 216--17 also slave trades; Marxism) Birt, Robert, 121, 122 Capitein, Jacobus, 37, 38 Black Consciousness, 120, 193; (see also Caribbean, 15, 56, 100, 169, 174; Biko, Steve; Maart, Rozena) creolization, 177, 178, 179, 183; Black Women’s Club Movement, 54 etymology of, 157; historicists, 173, 175, Blida-Joinville Hospital/Frantz Fanon 176, 177, 217; Indo-, 178, 179; poeticists, Hospital, 167 175, 176, 177, 217; political economy of, Blues, the, 97 178 Blyden, George Wilmot, 56, 63, 64 Caribbean Philosophical Association, 181, Bodunrin, P. O., 198 184 Boers, 193 Caribs, the, 157; etymological basis of Bogues, B. Anthony, 6, 165, 172, 177, 180, ‘‘cannibal,” 157 218, 221 Carolina (colony of), 34, 35 Bolland, O. Nigel, 183 Casas, Bartolomé de Las, 28, 29, 158; on bondage, 14; (see also slavery) slavery, 28, 29, 130 Bongmba, Elias Kifon, 194, 210, 211, 212, Cassirer, Ernst, 84, 124, 186 213, 242, 244, 246, 248; critique of Castro, Fidel, 169 Mamdani, 245; on privatization of Caute, David, 167 power, 242, 243, 247; tfu,212,213 Caws, Peter, 11 botany, 85 center(s), 3, 4, 17; centeredness, 109; of the Boxill, Bernard, 33, 111, 112, 171, 176 world, 21; de-, 226 Boxill, Jeanette (Jan), 184 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 230 Braithwaite, Kamau, 218 Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies Brandon, E. P., 183 (Birmingham, UK), 128, 176 Braunschweig-Wofenbuttel¨ (duke), Anton Césaire, Aimé, 14, 89, 164, 166, 218; on Ulrich von, 35 Negritude, 166, 184 Broad, Jacqueline, 11 Césaire, Suzanne, 166, 184 Brock, Lisa, and Otis Cunningham, 169 Chandler, Nahum Dimitri, 76, 78 Brown, Scott, 107 Charlemagne, The Emperor, 22 Buddhists, 10 Charles I (king), 28 Buhle, Paul, 165 Charles, Asselin, 59 Burke, Edmund, 16 Chekhov, Anton, 95, 136

Index 263

Cherki, Alice, 81, 84, 136, 167, Cone, James H., 96, 102, 137, 250 169 Confucius, 9 Chevannes, Barry, 164 Congo, 206 China, 162; ancient, 6, 9, 30 Connah, Graham, 18 Christendom, 4, 21, 158 Conquistadors, 28 Christianity, 4, 46, 47, 52, 53, 95, 130, 137, consciencism, 192 213; Coptic, 188; Afro-Christian Conyers, James L., Jr., 74 philosophy, 188; Episcopalian, 51, 188; Cooper, Anna Julia, 54, 55, 59, 69, 70, 71, Ethiopian, 188 90, 100, 104, 112, 249; as black feminist, Christians, 4, 213, 223; missionaries, 213; 71, 72, 100; theory of value, 71, 72 South African political Christian Cooper, George, 70, 90 humanism, 194 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 30 citizenship, 116, 161, 162, 228; egalitarian Cordoba, 190 demands of, 224 Cornell, Drucilla, 121 Civil Rights March (1963), 74 Corsica, 26 civil society, 42, 225, 226, 227, 240; black, Cortez, Hernando, 28 227; racist, 227 Cosway, Richard, and Mary Cosway, 40 Cixous, Hélène, 195 Cotkin, George, 98 Clarke, Richard, 183 Covey, Edward, 50 class struggle, 129; (see also Marxism) Cox, Oliver C., 172 C.L.R. James Journal, The,173 Creole, 108 Coetzee, John, 195 Crisis magazine, 74 Collins, Patricia Hill, 103, 104, 106, 107, critical reﬂection, 8 108 Crummell, Alexander, 51, 52, 53, 64, 206; colonialism, passim, but especially, 85, 88, as institution builder, 53, 137; 99, 116, 141, 159, 168, 170, 173, 175, 204, conservatism of, 52; critique of 220, 221, 222--5, 226--30, 241, 242, 247; Marxism, 51; founding the American inspiring hatred, 222; neo-, 226, 229 Negro Academy, 53, 54; on black colony, passim, but see especially, 16; neo-, women, 52, 54; on ‘‘Leaders of Revenue,” 241; post-, 229, 240, 241, 242 54; philosophy of civilization, 52, 53, 73 Colored(s), South African, 193, 225 Cruse, Harold, 106 Coltrane, John, 96 Cuban Revolution, 169 Columbia University, 70 Cugoano, Quobna Ottobah, 11, 40, 41, 42, Columbus, Christopher (Cristóbal Colón), 46, 189; adopted the name John Stewart, 4, 16, 21, 28, 30, 116 40; critique of dominating political Comaroff, John L., and Jean Comaroff, 193, theory, 42; critique of Hume, 42; on 194, 220, 245, 248 language, 44, 45; on slavery, 41; committee on the Status of Blacks in theodicy, 42, 43, 44, 45 Philosophy (American Philosophical Cullen, Christopher, 8 Association), 137, 171 cultural studies, 101, 173, 220 communication/communicability, 125, culture, passim, but see especially, 93, 110, 153, 216; incommunicability, 125, 215 218; creolized, 133, 199; translation and Communist Party USA, 74 indeterminacy of, 212 Comte, August, 60 Curtin, Philip, 211 Conaway, Carol B., 47 Curtin, Philip, Steven Feierman, Leonard Condé, Maryse, 218 Thompson, and Jan Vansina, 206, 211

264 Index

Daigne, Soueyman Bachir, 194 District Six, Cape Town, South Africa, 193 Dallmayr, Fred, 21, 190 Djebar, Assia, 191, 195 Dante Alighieri, 109, 222 Djed,109 Danticat, Edgwin, 184 double consciousness; epistemological Dark Ages, 23 dimension of, 79; phenomenological Darwin, Charles, 53, 63 aspect of, 79; potentiated, 177; (see also Dash, J. Michael, 59 Du Bois, W. E. B.; Henry, Paget) Davis, Angela Y., 101, 105 Dougla,179 Davis, Gregson, 164, 165 Douglass, Frederick, 49, 55, 58, 112, 122, Davis, Robert, 5, 30 136, 139 death, 50, 144, 186, 200; Dred Scott v. Sanford,35 -bound-subjectivity, 116, 139--40; Du Bois, W. E. B., 37, 50, 55, 59, 69, 73, 74, semiotics of, 240 81, 82, 90, 104, 112, 128, 163, 181, 206, decadence, 53, 141, 165, 183; disciplinary, 238, 249; on double consciousness, 77, 183; teleological suspension of, 183; (see 78, 79; history, 79, 80, 129, 136, 143, 177; also Gordon, Lewis; Kierkegaard, Søren; problem people, 75, 76, 87, 114, 119, 126, Nietzsche, Friedrich) 141; secularized theodicy, 75, 76, 119; US decolonization, passim, but see especially, Reconstruction, 80, 113; white 220--2, 247 normativity, 79; pragmatists’ reading of, Deconstruction, 197; (see also Derrida, associated with pragmatism, 91 Jacques) Dumas, Léon Gontian, 166 Delany, Martin Robinson, 47, 48, 51, 55, Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 55 64 Dussel, Enrique, 1, 2, 3, 17, 21, 22, 26, 88, Deloria, Vine, 99 181 DeMarco, Joseph P., 73 Dutch East India Company, 36 democracy, 131, 220; black self-rule, 225; Dworkin, Ronald, 230 development of, 246; hyper-, 232; libertarian, 223; parliamentary, 232; Earl of Shaftesbury, 33 subjects, 240 Ebonics, 108 Derrida, Jacques, 9, 81, 94, 112, 120, 125, Edwards, Jonathan, 98 195, 198, 230; deconstruction, 120, 123, Egypt (ancient), 2; Arab colonization of, 129, 198; on différance,125 187; Assyrian colonization of, 187; Desai, Ashwin, 194, 228 British colonization of, 187; etymology Descartes, René, 10, 11, 21, 22, 24, 30, 43; of, 2, 17, 108, 109; French colonization dualism of, 38; on existential of, 187; Greek colonization of, 186; predication, 39; on mathematics, 44 history of, 186; Hyksos invasion of, 187; Deuteronomy, Book of, 44 Kushite colonization of, 187; Persian Dewey, John, 10, 93, 94, 95, 97, 233; (see colonization of, 187; Roman also West, Cornel) colonization of, 187; Turkish/Ottoman Diop, Cheikh Anta, 18, 26, 62, 108, 191 colonization of, 187; (see also Km.t) disappointment, 113 Egyptians (ancient), 6, 17, 26, 30, 107; discipline(s), 153; (see also decadence; Asianizing of, 62; cosmological views of, Foucault, Michel; Gordon, Lewis; 187 Ahmed, Sara) Eichhorn’s Repertorium,27 discovery, 204; age of, 196; etymology of, Einstein, Albert, 212 196 Elia, Nada, 191

Index 265

Elisabeth von der Pfalz (of Bohemia or 149, 158, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, Princess Palatine), 11 174, 176, 192, 209, 214, 218, 220, 221, Ellington, Duke, 96 222, 223, 230, 237, 239; as teleological Ellison, Ralph, v, 95, 126, 134 suspension of philosophy, 82; existential Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 98 phenomenologist, 84; on Aimé Césaire, Engels, Friedrich, 129, 130, 131, 170 166; epistemic colonization, 85, 141, 167, England, 35, 41, 49, 128; abolitionist 236; embodied schema, 152, 154; community in, 41; outlaw of slavery in, failure(s), 81, 85, 86, 119; human 40 sciences, 87; language, 168; liberty and Enlightenment, 24, 30 freedom, 83, 86, 157; narcissism, 86; epistemology, 10, 22, 79; colonial, 85, 143, nationalism and national consciousness, 167, 204--5, 236; relativism in, 210; 89, 192, 243; Negritude, 109, 157; standpoint, 103, 104, 106, 108, 183; as a neocolonialism, 90; nonbeing, 240; politics, 125, 193 normality, 88; normative political essence, 22, 124 theory, 88; phobogenesis, 134; essentialism, 103, 123, 127, 148; anti-, 123, postcolonialism, 90; postcolonial 127, 153, 208 bourgeoisie, 90, 97, 221, 236; ethics, 82, 87, 88, 98, 104, 105, 181, 211; as primitivism, 167; psychoanalysis, 85, 87, opposed to morals, 234, 236; 168; racism and colonialism, 41, 48, 85, Graeco-Latin pedestal, 214, 221; liberal, 88, 116, 167, 168; reason and rationality, 107, 115, 167, 188, 195; 81, 116, 167; recognition, 86, 87, 119, phenomenological, 213; responsibility 136, 140, 167, 168, 249; Self--Other for, 221; political, 246 dialectic, 87, 88, 168; sociogenesis, 84, Ethiopia(ns), 26, 27, 78, 198 85, 87, 118, 140, 143, 168, 237; the etymology, 2 individual, 86; violence, 88, 161, 220; Euben, Roxanne, 21 will in general and general will, 89, 222; Eurocentrism, 32, 62, 106, 110, 149, 166, (see also Rousseau, Jean-Jacques); 174, 202, 219, 249 phenomenological reduction of, Europe, 5, 15, 18, 22, 23, 25, 36, 48, 63, 155; 85; postcolonial philosophy of, 85, bourgeois revolution in, 231; expansion 89 of, 24; treatment of blacks in, 37 Fanti (people), 196 Europeans, 5, 15, 25, 56, 99, 109, 162; Farrington, Benjamin, 63 civilization of, 52, 199; perspective, 238 Fascism, 120, 138, 232 evidence, 37, 142 Fasi, M. El, 78 existentialism and philosophy of existence, Faulconer, James E., and Mark A. Wrathall, 50, 53, 84, 98, 105, 106, 132--4, 169, 172, 120 191; American, 98, 245, 246; (see also Feagin, Joe R., 33 phenomenology; philosophy, existential) Feder, Ellen K., 152 Exodus, Book of, 43, 44 Fehrenbacher, Don E., 35 explanation, problem of, 75 feminist thought, 71, 72, 100--2, 103--4, exploration (modern), 3, 24, 29, 158, 159 126, 184, 191; on embodiment and the Eze, Emmanuel, 219, 259 body, 208; poststructural, 148, 207--10; womanist, 103 Fakhry, Majid, 190 Ferdinand V, king of Castile, 4, 28, Fanon, Frantz, 32, 39, 40, 42, 47, 48, 50, 158 69, 80, 104, 110, 126, 128, 136, 140, 142, Ficek, Doug, 210

266 Index

Finch, Charles S., III, 16, 18, 25, 27, 28, 78, Germans, 6, 160 186, 187, 197; on Semitic classiﬁcation, Geuss, Raymond, 233 28 Ghana, 74, 192, 230 Firmin, Anténor, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 89, Gibson, Nigel, 81, 228, 233, 238 162, 249; critique of Europeanizing and Gilman, Sander, 194 Asianizing Egypt, 62; Kant and Hegel, Gilroy, Paul, 50, 78, 120, 151, 176, 177 60; of naturalistic reductionism, 60; Gines, Kathryn, 105, 106, 121, 133, 134, polygenesis, 50; of racial difference, 60, 152; existential defense of race, 152 61; on the ‘‘primitive” as a modern Giroux, Henry, and Stanley Aronowitz, 248 construction, 162; regeneration, 62; Glaude, Eddie, Jr., 97 social life, 62; underdevelopment, 62; Glissant, Edouard, 176, 218 republicanism of, 59, 63 Gobineau, Count Arthur de, 58 Fischer, Sibylle, 57, 163 God, 11, 43, 44, 76, 82, 137, 188, 189; Akan Fleur-Lobban, Carolyn, 58, 59 conception of, 188; Bantu-speaking Foner, Philip S., 47 people’s conception of, 200--2; of the Foster, Guy Mark, 135 oppressed, 250 Foucault, Michel, 61, 81, 112, 129, 152, 162, Goldberg, David Theo, 111, 118, 121, 194 220, 228, 230; archaeological good, the, 43 poststructuralism of, 129, 205; episteme, Goodin, Patrick, 180 119, 131, 173, 204; genealogical Gooding-Williams, Robert, 121, 171 poststructuralism of, 123, 205 Gordimer, Nadine, 195 France, 36, 56, 167, 169 Gordon, Jane Anna, 14, 76, 77, 89, 149, 222 Frank, Philipp, 31 Gordon, Lewis R., 1, 11, 14, 18, 32, 50, 62, Frankfurt school critical theory, 120, 171 69, 74, 76, 77, 81, 82, 95, 97, 99, 117, 120, Franklin, Benjamin, 31 124, 125, 140, 142, 143, 144, 151, 173, Franklin, Todd, and Renee Scott, 121 174, 182, 183, 187, 203, 206, 211, 224, Frazier, E. Franklin, 97, 222 246; existential phenomenology of, 140, freedom, passim, but see especially, 14, 50, 141; postcolonial phenomenology, 141, 51, 75, 133; assault on, 25, 27, 80, 114, 142; on bad faith, 140, 141; decolonized 133, 135, 139, 172; as distinguished from methodology, 141, 142, 182; double liberty, 83, 86; seizing, 221 consciousness, 143; disciplinary French Resistance, 167 decadence, 141, 182, 183; problem French Revolution, 56 people, 142; epistemic closure, 143, 183; Freud, Sigmund, 120, 151, 212 evidence, 142; incompleteness, 142; Fryer, David, 153, 154, 186 irreplaceability, 143; liberation, 141; options, 143; shifting the geography of Gadamer, Hans Georg, 124 reason, 182; social reality, 141, 143; Galileo (Galilei), 30 teleological suspension of philosophy, Garcia, Jorge, 181 82, 153, 183; Cornel West, 95 Garrison, William Lloyd, 49 Gottlieb, Karla, 57 Garvey, Marcus, 163, 164 Gracia, Jorge, 181 Gasset, José Ortega y, 224, 232 Gramsci, Antonio, 10, 128, 129 Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 121 Granada, 4 Gates, Sylvester James, 11, 12 Granny Nanny, 57 Gendzier, Irene, 81, 167 Grant, Jacquelyn, 72, 102 genocide, 115 Greece (ancient), 2, 3, 6, 16, 23 George III (king), 41 Green, Thomas Hill, 94

Index 267

Greenberg, Joseph, 27 Hebrews, 44 Grenada, 40 Hector, Leonard Tim, 175 Grimke, Archibald H., 56 Hegel, Georg W. F., 6, 10, 60, 80, 89, 93, 94, Grimshaw, Anna, 165, 188 121, 122, 142, 165, 168, 176, 197, 237; on Grosfoguel, Ramón, Nelson Africa and blacks, 196, 197; Maldonado-Torres, and José Saldívar, phenomenology of, 239 78 hegemony, 129, 218, 223, 226 guilt/blame/responsibility (Schuld), 160--1, Heidegger, Martin, 2, 7, 120, 136, 237 162; (see also Jaspers, Karl) Henry, Paget, 41, 107, 108, 119, 121, 128, Gutmann, Amy, 111 132, 156, 165, 166, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, Guyana, 179 177, 179, 182, 200, 206, 217, 218; critique Guy-Sheftall, Beverly, and Johnetta B. Cole, of logicism, 176; poststructuralism, 127, 55 176; on double consciousness, 174, 177; Gyekye, Kwame, 10, 76, 107, 132, 133, 188, (‘‘potentiated”); historicism, 173, 175, 194, 199, 206, 207, 208, 209, 217, 230, 176, 177, 191, 218; C.L.R. James, 165, 166, 231, 235, 239; critique of K. Anthony 173, 175; phenomenology, 176, 177, 182; Appiah, 205, 206; on African poeticism, 168, 175, 177, 218, 238; authenticity, 199; communitarianism, predestination, 175; transcendentalism, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235; humanism, 188; 177, 178, 179 invention, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209; Herbermann, Charles, Edward A. Pace, liberalism, 230, 231, 233, 246 Thomas J. Shahan, and John J. Wynne, 27 Haiti (Hayti), 16, 50, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 160; Hick, John, 43, 76 US occupation and destablization of, 57, Higgenson, Thomas Wentworth, and James 60, 163 M. Mcpherson, 29 Haitian Revolution, 56, 57, 71, 89, 160, 161, Hindus, 9, 178, 179 162, 165 Hinks, Peter P., 46 Hall, Stuart, 128, 183 Hispaniola, 160 Hallen, Barry, 201, 202 history, passim, but see especially, 61, 62, Ham, 44, 144 130, 171; intellectual, 44, 175, 203, 219; Hanke, Lewis, 29, 99 universal/world, 165, 196, 237; (see also Hare, Nathan, 75 philosophy of history) Harlem Renaissance, 92 Hobbes, Thomas, 21, 42, 112, 247 Harries, Karsten, 137, 138 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Sr., 48 Harris, Joseph E., 16, 25 homelessness, 138, 139 Harris, Leonard, 92, 93, 95, 96, 119, 171, Honnig, Bonnie, 236 249 Hook, Sidney, 93 Harris, Leonard, Scott L. Pratt, and Anne hooks, bell/Gloria Watkins, 101 Waters, 98 Hountondji, Paulin, 198 Harris, Wilson, 172, 176, 218 Hourani, Albert, 22, 25 Hart, William D., 106 Howard University, 51, 92 Harvard University, 48, 73, 92 Hume, David, 11, 30, 37, 43, 115, 126, 201; Harvey, David, 223 on Africa and blacks, 42, 196; Haymes, Stephen, 151 naturalistic fallacy, 43 Hayward, George Washington, and Hannah Humanism, 123, 137, 185; African, 186--95, Stanley, 69 226, 235; historicist, 191; Muslim, 190, Headley, Clevis Ronald, 152, 180, 184 191; poeticist-humanists, 195; post-, 153

268 Index

Husserl, Edmund, 121, 124, 136, 142, 152, Jews, 4, 158, 189--90, 223; in Medieval 154, 239 Muslim world, 190 Jim Crow (system of), 80, 114 Iberia, 3, 26, 158, 189 Johnson, Charles, 136, 137, 138, 139, 205 Ibo (people), 196 Johnson, Clarence Sholé, 194 identity, 144--6, 149, 150, 204; political, 193 Johnson, Claudia Durst, 30 Ikuenobe, Polycarp A., 231, 233, 234; Johnson, James Weldon, 56, 133 defense of authoritarianism, 233; Jones, William R., 136, 137, 171 indoctrination, 234; moral education, Judaism, 44; Coptic and Ethiopian, 188; 234, 235, 236 Jewish law/Halacha,190 Imbo, Samuel, 194 Judaken, Jonathan, 195 India, 21, 162, 178 Judy, Ronald A.T., 99, 120, 121, 125 Indians (East), 16, 193 justice, 43, 76, 112, 113--14, 115, 117, 119, Indo-European, 18 220; (see also Boxill, Bernard; Rawls, Indus Valley, 5 John; Roberts, Rodney) interpellation, 146, 148, 203 intersubjectivity, 14 Kala pani, 178, 179 invention, 169, 196, 200, 210--13, 214--20; kitsch, 138, 139 etymology of, 195; of gender, 208, 209, Km.t/ Kamit/Kemet, 2, 7, 15, 17, 109 210 Kamugisha, Aaron, 18, 180 invisibility and visibility, 134, 144, Kant, Immanuel, 12, 13, 31, 60, 89, 115, 149 201, 212; on dark people, 37, 116, 145, irreplaceability and replaceability, 143 196; noumena, 150; transcendental Isaac, Walter, 99 argumentation of, 109 Isabella I, queen of Castile, 4, 28, 158 Karenga, Maulana [Ron], 106, 107, 108, 185, Islam, 4, 23, 158, 190, 223; Suﬁsm, 191 235 Italy, 4 Keller, Frances Richardson, 70 Kesteloot, Lilyan, 166 Jackson, Fatimah, 31 Kierkegaard, Søren, 12, 82, 95, 136 Jacobs, Harriet, 139 Kincaid, Jamaica, 172, 184, 218 Jamaica, 57, 164, 170, 171, 184 Kirkland, Frank M., 21, 69, 121 James, C.L.R., 17, 30, 57, 89, 165; on Kirkland, Frank, and D.P. Chattopadhyaya, Marxism of, 128, 164, 165, 170 49, 121, 122 James, Joy, 103, 104, 105 Kiros, Teodros, 24, 194, 198 James, William, 73, 91, 94 Knies, Danziger, 14, 155, 182 James Gonzalez de Allen, Gertrude, 180, knowledge, passim, but see especially, 61 181 Kopytoff, Igor, 187, 206 JanMohamed, Abdul R., 115, 116, 136, 139, Kpobi, David Nii Anum, 38 140 Ku Klux Klan, 114 Jaspers, Karl, 7, 12, 81, 84, 121, 160; on Kush, iii citizens, 161, 162; blame, guilt, and Kwame, Safro, 36, 210 responsibility (Schuld), 160, 161; right,161 Kwanza, 106 jazz/ African-American classical music, 95, 113 labor, 52, 72 Jefferson, Thomas, 31, 56 Lacan, Jacques, 87, 120, 168, 237, 238 Jesus of Nazareth, 23 Laclau, Emesto, 121

Index 269

Lamming, George, 172, 183, 218 Mahmoud, Zaki Naguib, 190 language, 11, 44, 45, 167, 215; ‘‘private,” Maimonides, Moses (Moshe ben Maimon), 216 189, 190 Latin America, 169; (see also Americas) Maldonado-Torres, Nelson, 96, 169, 180, Laubscher, Lewsin, 194 181, 214, 237 laws (categorical generalizations), 124 Mali, 198 Lawson, Bill E., 111, 112, 113 Mallory, J.P., and Victor H. Mair, 25 Lazarus, Neil, 194 Mamdani, Mahmood, 194, 223, 224, 225, Le, C.N., 30 226, 228, 229, 231, 232, 240, 245, 246; on Leibniz, Gottfried, 30 neoliberalism, 225; state and civil Lemert, Charles, 55, 70, 71, 72, 90 society, 225 Leopold II, King Louis Philippe Marie Manganyi, No¨el Chabani, 194, 217 Victor, 206 Mankiewicz, Richard, 8 Lerner, Ralphi, and Muhsin Mahdi, 190 Mann, Anika Maaza, 105, 152 Levinas, Emmanuel, 120, 181, 210, 211, 213 Maroons, the, 57 Leviticus, Book of, 44 Martin, Tony, 163 Levy, Jacoby, 182 Martinez, Jacqueline M., 153 Lewis, David Levering, 73, 74 Martinez, Roy, 120, 136 Lewis, Rupert, 163 Martinique, 164, 166, 168 Lewis, Shireen K., 176 Marx, Karl, 51, 121, 129, 130, 131, 170, 220, Liberia, 49, 51, 64; Alexander High School, 237 64; College, 64 Marxism, 72, 89, 95, 101, 128, 166, 170; Lincoln, Abraham, 49 (--Leninism), 198, 230, 232; heretical, 221 Lincoln University (Missouri), 70 Masai (people), 196 Lister, Ruth, 228 Masolo, D.A., 180, 185, 194, 197, 198, 200, Locke, Alain, 56, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96; on 201, 202 cultural pluralism, 92, 96 Maters, Robert D., and Christopher Kelly, Locke, John, 30, 33, 34, 42, 112, 231; on 83 slavery, 33, 34, 35 mathematics, 8, 30, 44, 85 Lofts, Sebastian, S.G., 124 Mazama, Ama, 108 Lott, Tommy Lee, 33, 96, 110, 111, 112 Mazrui, Ali, 194 Louis XVI (king), 36 Mbembe, Achille, 192, 194, 219, 220, 236, Love, Monifa, 135 237, 238, 239, 242, 243, 247; deﬁning Lowe, Lisa, 180 the postcolony, 240, 241; methodology Lubiano, Wahneema, 99, 125 of, 239; on absence, 240; privatization of Luft, Sebastian, 124 violence and power, 240, 242, 243; time, Lugard, Lord F.D., 224, 242 239; phenomenology of, 237; use of ‘‘we” Lynch, Hollis, 64 and ‘‘us,” 238 Mbiti, John, 133, 200, 201, 202, 213 M Street High School/Laurence Dunbar McGary, Howard, 111, 112, 171 School, 70 McKenzie, Renee Eugenia, 104, 105, 106, Maart, Rozena, 120, 193 121; dialectical logic of both-and, 105 Ma’at,107 McLendon, John H., III, 166 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 4, 21 McWhorter, John, 100 MacIntyre, Alasdair, 47, 124, 230, 234 Mead, George Herbert, 147 Madison, Gary B., 120 Mediterranean, 21

270 Index

Meeks, Brian, 169 Muslim(s), 4, 64, 178, 190; empires, 25, 26, Mehta, Brinda, 178, 179, 180 188; existentialism, 191; political melancholia, 151 thought, 190--1 Memmi, Albert, 195 mystery/mysteriousness, 125 Menand, Louis, 48 Mendieta, Eduardo, 3, 21 Naguib, Mahmoud, 190 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 84, 136, 149, 150, narcissism, 86 151 Nardal, Jane, and Paulette Nardal, 184 method, problem of, 75, 110, 119, 136, 141, Nascimento, Abdias do, 181 162, 183, 213, 239, 243 Natanson, Maurice, 62 Meyers, Walter Dean, 30 National Association for the Advancement Mićunović, Natlja, 180 of Colored People, 74 Middle Ages, 130, 188 National Association of Colored Women Middle East, the, 4, 26, 99, 159, 223 (NACW), 54 Mignolo, Walter, 3, 21, 22, 157, 169 Nationalism, 89, 106, 120, 163, 164, 192, Milian Arias, Claudia, 180, 181 193, 243 Miller, Jerry, 145 nature, 11, 22, 44, 45, 85; natural Mills, Charles, 26, 111, 114, 116, 119, 171 phenomena, 41; reductionism, 60; mind--body dualism, 38; Cartesian, 38 teleological naturalism, 85; Rastafari modernity, 17, 21, 24, 25, 32, 64, 108, 130, naturalism, 170 138, 176, 185 Neanderthals, 15, 63 Mohammed, the Prophet, 22 Necho II, Pharoah, 17 Mokoena, Hlonipha, 194 Negritude, 109, 138, 157, 166, 184, 191; Moleˆ of St. Nicolas (Haiti), 58 critique of, 221 Molina, Luis de, 130 Newton, Isaac, 30 Montreal, 184 Ngowet, Luc, 194 Moore, David Chioni, 2, 197 Niagra Movement, the, 74 Moors, the, 4, 23, 26, 28, 158, 189 Nicholls, Tracey, 150 Moosa, Ebrahim, 194 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 52, 53, 72, 145, More, (Samuel) Mabogo P., 193, 194 234 Morley, David, Kuan-Hsing Chen, Stuart Nigeria, 64, 224 Hall, 128 Nihilism, 136, 144, 245 Morris, George Sylveser, 94 Niño, Pedro Alonso, 29 Morrison, Roy D., II, 137 Nisbet, Robert, 238 Morrison, Toni, 135, 140, 146 Nishitani, Kejii, 12, 84, 182 Moses (Moshe), 40 Nissim-Sabat, Marilyn, 152 Moses, Wilson, 54 Nkrumah, Kwame, 106, 192, 230 Mosley, Albert, 118 Noah, 43 Mouffe, Chantal, 228 Nobel Prize, 194 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 212 Norment, Nathaniel, Jr., 74 Mudimbe, Valentin Y., 1, 14, 79, 194, 196, Nouss, Alexs, 180, 183 203, 204, 205, 208, 209; on gnosis, 204, Nozick, Robert, 116, 117, 230 205; invention, 204; poststructuralism Nussbaum, Martha, 103, 230 of, 205; relation to Foucault, 205 Nyerere, Julius K., 192, 230, 231 Munford, Clarence J., 108 Nzegwu, Nkiru Uwechia, 79, 179, 194, 196, Murdoch, Iris, 10 198, 217, 218, 219, 224

Index 271

Obenga, Théophile, 1, 2, 185, 186 7; ethno-, 213; Europeanization of, 7; Oberlin College, 70 etymology of, 1, 3; existential, 14, 50; O’Chieng Odhiambo, Frederick, 180 (see also Existential Phenomenology; Oliver, Kelly, 84 Gordon, Lewis); intoxicating, 9; North Olyan, Saul, 103 American, 21, 111; (see also Osiris, 109 African-American philosophy); Medieval, Other, the, 87; production of, 228 130; methodology of, 39; of civilization, Outlaw, Lucius T., Jr., 1, 110, 120, 136, 137, 52, 108; economics, 53; education, 152; 171 German idealism, 232; heremeneutical, orientation, 3 214; history, 14, 80, 165, 202; moral, Owens, J., 164 234--5; science, 184; social science, 62; Oxford Library of French Classics, 58 political, 21, 89, 230; postcolonial, 81, Oxford University, 92; Hertford College, 92 89; ‘‘professional”/academic, 39, 171, Oyˇewùmí, Oyèrónké, 194, 207, 208, 209, 202; questions of, 8, 10; (see also Africana 210, 212, 218; on Mudimbe, 208; female philosophy); Sage, 180, 202; teleological actors, 210; biology, 215 suspension of, 14, 82 Phoenicians, 6 Padua, Marsilius de, 130 Piper, Adrian Piper, 111, 115 Paine, Thomas, 196 Pippin, Robert B., 21 Pan-African Congress (ﬁrst), 59, 71, 74, 206 Pirenne, Henri, 22, 23 Pan-Africanism, 165 Pithouse, Richard, 195, 228 Papua ne Guinea, 78 Pittman, John, 96, 110 Parry, Benita, 194 Plaatje, Solomon Tshekisho, 192, 193 Patterson, Orlando, 172 Plato (Aristocles), 9, 10, 23, 26, 130, 235, Paul III (pope), 28 249; condemnation of Sophists, 54 Peace and Reconciliation Commission poetry, 12 (South Africa), 194 Police des Noirs,36 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 94, 98 political economy, 130, 131, 171, 172, 175, Perina, Mickaela, 180, 183 221; globalism, 229; (see also Marxism; Perry, Ralph Barton, 92 Socialist Thought) phenomenology, 79, 85, 110, 124, 128, 136, political theory/political thought, 88, 89, 171, 172, 176, 177, 239; existential, 84, 117, 160, 179, 190; African, 220--1, 230, 91, 105, 131, 136, 140--5, 151--5, 173, 194, 231, 232, 239; communalism, 230, 234; 217, 238, 246; bracketing/parenthesizing, communitarianism, 230, 232; 142; historical, 219; intentionality of conservative, 223, 233, 237; liberal, 230, consciousness in, 201; postcolonial, 142, 232--3, 236, 246; neoconservative, 223; 143, 182; queer, 153--5 neoliberal, 223, 230, 232; social and, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 75, 92 243; (see also justice; Marxism) philosopher, 9, 10, 12, 211 politics, 88, 97, 118, 125, 145, 185, 231; philosophy, passim, but see especially, 8, 9, black feminist, 6, 104; geo-, 222; 12, 39, 249--50; ancient Greek, 7, 15; legitimation crisis of, 226, 228, 241, 247; Anglo-analytical, 82, 110--17, 118--19, 171, requiring opposition, 231; role for 176, 202; anti-colonial, 82; black philosophical thought, 231; versus feminist or womanist, 104, 105; Chinese, rule/governing, 224, 225, 231, 236, 245 7, 15; Continental (European), 112, Polynesian Islands, 158 120--7, 171; East Indian, 15; pre-Socratic, Portugal, 5, 159

272 Index

postcolonialism, 90, 181, 226--7; Rashidi, Runoko, and Ivan Van Sertima, postcoloniality, 182; postcolonial studies, 25, 78 226, 227; postcolonial theory, 229 Rastafari, 164, 170 Postel, Danny, 223, 238 rationalism, 24; authoritarian, 234; postmodernism, 32, 103, 107, 108, 110, 122, evidentialism, 234 126, 226, 230, 237; Afro-, 91, 105, 122, rationality, passim, but see especially, 11, 125; cultural criticism, 233 115, 116, 133; colonial, 141 poststructuralism, 32, 62, 91, 123, 129, 148, Rawls, John, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 230, 151, 172, 204, 215, 226, 228, 230, 237; 236 European, 205 Reagan, Nancy, 244 Pottier, Eugène, 90 Reagan, Ronald, 245 Poussaint, Alvin, 75 reality, 18, 143, 144, 151, 201, 214 Power, 240, 242, 243; liberal distribution reason, 11, 12, 14, 23, 24, 26, 40, 93, 116, of, 246; privatization of, 243, 244, 247, 167, 197, 203, 250; geography of, 182; 248; public sharing of, 246 metacritique of, 92; paradox of, 249 pragmatism, 91, 93--9, 128, 171--2; (see also recognition, 86, 87, 119--40, 167--8, 177, Dewey, John; James, William; 249; (see also Hegel, Georg; Fanon, Frantz) philosophy; West, Cornel) Reconquesta (Reconquest), 4, 158 Prah, K. K. Prah, 38 Reed, Adolph, Jr., 73 Pratt, Scott L., 98 Reinhardt, Catherine A., 36, 37 pre-Socratics, the, 2 relativism, 210, 237; cultural, 212, 214; primitivism, 17, 24, 162, 167, 213, 218, moral, 210 225 religion(s), 12; African, 186, 187, 197, problem people, 76, 77, 80, 87, 141 212 property, 13, 33 religious thought, 186 Prospero, 167, 174, 249 Renaissance, Italian, 3, 186 psychoanalysis, 85, 87, 120, 152, 168, 198 reparations, 112, 113, 161 Puerto Rico, 171, 184 republicanism, 59 Rhodes Scholarship, 92 Queens College (Liberia), 51 Richards, Catherine A., 48 Qu’ran/Koran, 22, 158 Richardson, Marilyn, 47 Ricoeur, Paul, 124 Rabaka, Reiland Rabaka, 80 right(s), 42, 161, 221, 225; and democratic race, passim, but see especially, 14, 57, 58, subjects, 246; minority, 231; of women, 61, 145; Aryan, 58, 98, 111, 123, 129, 148, 50 154, 206; de-racialization, 227; black, Roberts, Neil, 180, 222 passim; Caucasian, 61; mixed, 61, 117--18, Roberts, Rodney, 105, 106, 111, 113, 114, 147, 152; polygenetic view of, 61; 119 proliferation of, 149 Robins, Gay, and Charles Shute, 8 racism, passim, but see especially, 14, 58, Robinson, Cedric, 3, 5, 22, 128, 129, 131, 72, 88, 110, 116, 117, 118, 160, 173, 175, 145, 170, 243; on Greek antiquity, 129; 225, 229; in African Studies, 211--12; Marxism, 129, 131, 170; medieval and intra-African, 247; role of evidence and early modern Christianity, 130 proof in, 202; reality of, 140 Rockmore, Tom, 237 Ramos, Alberto Guerreiro, 181 Rodney, Walter, 25, 62, 63, 169, 170 Rampersad, Arnold, 73 Rogonzinski, Jan, 157

Index 273

Rolle, Daphne M., 46 self, the, 15, 32, 78, 115, 143, 151; Romans (ancient), 6, 15, 16 self--other dialectic, 87, 144, 147, 168, Rorty, Richard, 94, 129 203; African, 175; Caribbean, 176, 195; Rossi, Corinna, 8 liberal conceptions of, 234; Rouman, Jacques, 90 poststructural critique of, 177, 178, 179 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 31, 34, 35, 83, 89, Semite(s), 26, 27; Afro-, viii, 188; etymology 112; on liberty and freedom, 82, 83; on of, 26 slavery, 34, 35; the will in general and Senghor, Léopold, 191, 218 the general will, 83, 221 Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, 29, 130 Royce, Josiah, 92, 93 Serequeberhan, Tsenay, 107, 194, 199, Rushd, Ibn (see Averro¨es) 214 Russell, Bertrand, 7 Sertima, Ivan Van, 23 Shakespeare, William, 157, 174, 249 Said, Edward W., 81, 230 Sharpley-Whiting, T. Denean, 120, 126, 166, Saint Luke’s Episcopal Church 184 (Washington, DC), 51 Shaw, Thurston, and Paul Sinclair, 187, 206 Salih, Sarah, 121 Shelby, Tommie, 98 Samir, Y., and F. Samir,, 78 Sicily, 26 Sanders, Mark, 103 Sierra Leone, 64 San Sebastian (Dutch fort of), 37 slavery, 13, 22, 33, 41, 43, 45, 46, 50, 99, Sartre, Jean-Paul, 84, 120, 121, 125, 133, 115, 175, 223; the enslaved, 13, 28, 33, 150, 151, 171, 238 34, 35, 41, 55, 86, 114, 161; responsibility Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 213 for, 160--1 Schlesinger, Arthur, 145 slave revolts, vii, 57; (see also Haitian Schlozer,¨ August Ludwig von, 26 Revoltion) scholasticism, 22, 190 slave trade(s), 25, 63, 116; Atlantic, 18, 28, Scholz, Sally, and Shannon Mussett, 29, 178; Middle Passage, 29 152 Smith, Adam, 30 Schomburg, Arthur, 56 Smitherman, Ginvea, 109 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 10 Snowden, Frank M., Jr., 16, 25 Schrag, Calvin O., 82 Snowden, Isaac H., and Daniel Laing, Jr., 48 Schutz, Alfred, 62, 121, 136, 217 social contract theory, 116; (see also Locke, Schwartz, Gary, 135 John; Mills, Charles; Rawls, John; Schweitzer, Albert, 52 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques) science, 11, 12, 22, 30, 53, 85, 217; Socialism, 130 positivist, 60, 61, 190; post-European, 14, socialist thought, 130 75, 155, 182; connection to ‘‘sex,” 147 social world, the, 15, 89, 116, 143, 148; Scotland, 49 social reality, 141, 216--17, 246 Scott, David, 166, 176, 177 sociogenesis, 85, 119; (see also Fanon, Scriven, Darryl, 46 Frantz) Searls-Giroux, Susan, 80 sociology, 216 Seacole, Mary, 184 Socrates, 9, 26, 249 secularization, 45; secularism, 53, 76, 188, soldiers, 34 190, 191 Sonneborn, Liz, 24, 190 Sekyi-Otu, Ato, 81, 194 Sorbonne, 71 Selassie, Haile/Ras Tafari Makonnen, 164 Soto, Domingo de, 130

274 Index

South Africa, 79, 192, 223--5; struggle for theology, 12, 102, 103; of Apartheid, 245; full citizenship, 225, 245; Apartheid, of slavery, 43, 137 passim, but see especially, 226, 228; Thomas, Laurence Mordekhai, 111, 115, post-Apartheid neoliberalism in, 232 116, 224 South African Native National Congress, Thurman, Howard, 96, 137, 250 193 Timbuktu, 24 South America, 100 Todorov, Tzvetan, 29 South Carolina, 49 trade routes (Arabic and East Indian), 158 Soviet Union, the (USSR), 165 transcendentalism, 13, 177, 178, 179, 215 Soyinka, Wole, 195, 218 trauma, 152 Spain, 5, 159 Trinidad, 165, 179 Spear, Thomas, 211 Trotskyism, 165 Spencer, Herbert, 53 Truth, Sojourner/Isabella Baumfree, 55, Spencer, Rainier, 111, 117, 118, 119 100, 102 Spinoza, Benedicto (Baruch), 148 Tunstall, Dwayne, 92 Spivak, Gayatri, 81 Ture, Kwame, 106 state, the, 225; accountability of, 232; Tuskegee Institute, 70 deracialized, 227; neocolonial, 229; Tuskegee Machine, 70 neoliberal, 224, 225; postcolonial, 223, Tutu, Bishop Desmond, 194 226, 230, 240; corruption in, 232 Twa (people), 196 Sterling, Dorothy, 48 Stewart, James W., 46 undecidability, 127, 230 Stewart, Maria W., 46, 47, 51, 101, underclass, 113 102 underdevelopment, 62 Strauss, Leo, 237 United States of America (USA), 49, 51, 56, St. Augustine Normal School and 71; Civil War, 49, 114, 117; history, 79; Collegiate Institute for Free Blacks, 70 ‘‘Negro problem” of, 77; (see also St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, 59, 64 America) Stubbleﬁeld, Anna, 98 Universal Negro Improvement Association Suárez, Francisco, 130 (UNIA), 163 sugar, 56 University of Berlin, 74 Suffragette movement, 50 University of Halle, 37, 38 Swetz, Frank, and T. I. Kao, 8 University of Leiden, 38 symmetry, 126--7; a-, 126 University of Pennsylvania, 74 University of Pretoria, 193 Taínos, 157, 160 University of the West Indies: at Cave Hill, Taíwó, Olúfémí, 222 Barbados, 180, 183; Mona, Jamaica, 180, Tanzania, 231 183 Taraporevala and Mira Nair, 12 US Supreme Court, 35 Taylor, Charles, 230 Taylor, Paul C., 97, 111 Vandals, the, 4 Temples, Placide, 200, 213 vanquishment, 162 Terrell, Mary Church, 54, 100 Vespucci, Amerigo, 17 Thales of Miletos, 7 Vest, Jennifer Lisa, 105 theodicy, 43, 44, 76, 137, 188, 189--90 Vickery, Paul S., 30

Index 275

violence, 89, 161, 247; decolonial, 221; Wimbum (people), the, 212, 213; privatization of, 240 conceptions of witchcraft and the Visigoths, the, 4 occult, 212 Vitoria, Francisco de, 130 Williams, Eric, 25, 56 Wilmore, Gayraud S., 137 Wahba, Mourad, 24 Wiredu, Kwasi, 22, 36, 38, 39, 180, 185, Walcott, Derek, 218 190, 194, 214, 215, 216, 217, 233 Waldseemuller,¨ Martin, 17 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 125, 216 Walker, Alice, 101, 102 Woddis, Jack, 170, 221 Walker, Clarence E., 106 Women’s Era, The,54 Walker, Corey D.B., 80, 99 Women’s Rights Convention (1854), 102 Walker, David, 46, 69, 100 Woodson, Carter G., 55 Wamba, Ernest Wamba dia, 194 working class, the, 52 Ward, Julie T., and Tommy Lee Lott, 112, world music, 195 120 World War II, 160, 167 Warrior, Robert Allen, 99 Wright, Richard, 50, 133, 134, 139, 140 Washington, Booker T., 55, 70, 163 Wub-E-Ke-Niew, 99 Waters, Anne, 98 Wuriga, Rabson, 246, 247 Waters, Kristin, 47, 184 Wynter, Sylvia, iv, 100, 172, 175, 183, 205, wa Thiong’o, Ngugi, 195, 218 218, 226 Weber, Max, 124, 145 Weiss, Gail, 152 Xenia, Ohio, 49 Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 54, 100 xenophobia, 115 West, Cornel, 47, 91, 94, 95, 96, 100, 136, 144, 171, 245; on Christianity, 94, 95, 96; Yacob, Zara, 24 John Dewey, 94, 99, 129; Marxism, 94, Yancy, George, 95, 172 95, 96, 99, 128, 129; nihilism, 95, 113, Yorùbá (people), 107, 196 245; philosophical writing, 94, 122; Yoruba Land, 49 existentialism of, 95, 135; prophetic Young, Iris Marion, 182 pragmatism of, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100, Young, Josiah Ulysses, III, 52, 96, 213 176 Whaba, Maourad, 23 Zack, Naomi, 111, 117, 118, 145, Wheatley, Phillis, 133 171 Wheelock, Stefan Wheelock, 47 Zahar, Renate Zahar, 81 White, Renée T., 120 Zeno of Elia, 214 Whitehead, Alfred North, 148 Ziˇ ˇzek, Slavoj, 121 Wilberforce University, 74 Zuberi, Tubufu, 78 Willett, Cynthia, 121, 122 Zulus, the, 107