If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. I :1 'I ,I BURGLARY AND THEFT IN KENTUCKY: 'I AN ANALYSIS OF INCIDENT-BASED DATA (1~88) I I I I I I I ,I -I I KenTUCKY STATISTICAL I CRiminAL AnALYSIS I JUSTiCe ...... w cenTeR I I I I
I KENTUCKY UNIFORM CRIME REPORT-UNIFORM OFFENSE REPORT RESEARCH PROJECT:
I AN ANALYSIS O~ INCIDENT-BASED DATA (1988) I BUkGLARY AND THEFT I
Gennaro F. Vito, Ph.D I Professor School of Justice Administration I Thomas J. Keil, Ph.D. Professor I Department of Sociology
I Conducted By:
I The Kentucky Statistical Analysis Center
Deborah G. Wilson, Ph.D. I Director
I Frederic J. Cowan Attorney General I May 1990 I This project which resulted in the production and distribution of three reports was funded 100 percent by federal grant I #1231040 MBAB ($29,000). I I I L ______I I I I I I 127466 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice I This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. I
Permission to reproduce this %Qte ~ material has been granted by ~b~_amaa~j~n ______I -.Eede.:r.a.L.G:r.ant--On.BAB-)I---- to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis sion of thElǤA2lligdtt owner. I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE I In this report, the Kentucky Criminal Justice statistical I Analysis center (SAC) analyzes Uniform Crime Report/Uniform Offense Report data. Beginning July 1, 1987, the Kentucky state Police I adopted a new method of crime data collection based upon a new statewide reporting format. This new system is incident-based. I In other words, it contains information on the individual crime 'I incident and, after an arrest is made, the victim, and the offender. Thus, it contains a significant amount of data beyond I that traditionally collected under the Uniform crime Reporting (UCR) Program. I The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the I potential uses of these data for law enforcement agencies across the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The amount of data contained in the I UOR provides a basis for an analysis of crime patterns such as: 1. Where and when are certain types of crime likely to I occur? a. Time of day, day of week, and month. I b. Geographic location (by Kentucky area development district) • I 2. -Offender Profiles (by arrest). a. By age. I b. By race and sex.
I This report represents the second year in which the University of I Louisville has analyzed this incident-based crime data. I I 2 I
METHODS AND PROCEDURES I The Kentucky state Police provided a computer tape of the UCR UCR data fOlr the year 1988. These data were primarily from the I rural areas of the Commonwealth but also include some communities I from major metropolitan areas such as Jefferson County. Data for cities, such as Louisville and Lexington, were not included. I The data which we analyzed consisted of two files. The first I' file contained offenses reported to (or uncovered by) the police. The second file contained offender data for those reported crimes II which resulted in an arrest. For purposes of illustration, we have divided the analyses I. into three parts. The first set presents statewide analyses for burglary. Here we focus upon forced entry residential burglaries. I The pattern is initially presented at its broadest level and I examines the distribution of burglaries across the Commonwealth. The second set of analyses show how these data can be used at I the operational level. Here, we focus on the burglary data in the area development district which had the most reported burglaries I (Bluegrass District). We also examine the pattern of reported I burglaries across the counties linked by major highways. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether "corridors of I crime" exist in Kentucky. Using current population figures for Kentucky, we computed the victimization rate per 1000 I households/resident. I Third, we constructed an offender profile based upon data from the arrest file. Specifically, we present data on the age, race, I and sex of persons arrested for the crime under consideration. I I I 3
I These methods of analysis were then repeated using felony I thefts as the crime focus. RESULTS OF THE STUDY I statewide Results: Burglary, 1988 According to this data set, there were over 7000 burglaries I known to the Kentucky state Police in 1988. As Chart 1 I demonstrates, the top category of burglary was forced entry, residential (5015). As Chart 2 illustrates, the Northern Kentucky 'I area development district registered the greatest number of burglaries (1164 - 23%) and Buffalo Trace the lowest number (58 - I 1%). I Burglary: Urban versus Rural Although the data came primarily from rural areas, some urban I areas are included in the set. For this reason, we examined the rates from urban and rural areas. These data are presented in I Charts 3 through 5. As expected the majority (55%) of the reported I burglaries in this data set came from the rural areas of the Commonweal th. In the urban areas, the Northern Kentucky area I development district led with 936 reported forced entry burglaries (41% of the total). In the rural regions, the Bluegrass area I development district led with 407 burglaries (15% of the total). ,I 'I' I I I ---~--~------~----~
~ Chart 1: BURGLARY By Type of ,Burglary
Thousands 6"------~
5.015 5 ...... ,
4
3
2
1 0.197 0.052 o F.E. Residence N.F .E. Residence F.E. Building N.F .E. Bu ilding
Kentucky. 1988 LO Chart 2: BURGLARY (TOTALS) Forced Entry Residence
Area Development Districts .Purchase 129 Pennyrile .. 3 .. Green River = pBS Barren River 2 .. 71 Lincoln Trail 253! 369 Kentuckiana 1 Northern Kentucky Buffalo Trace 58 ! t} e Gateway 80! Five Counties 202 Big Sandy 218 Kentucky River 195 Cumberland Valley .... 2 : Lake Cumberland ~ 192 Bluegrass B7~
Number of Burglaries Kentucky. 1988
--~~--~----~------~------~
\0 Chart 3: BURGLARIES Forced Entry Residence
Rural 55% 2747
Urban 45% 2268 Rural VS, Urban Areas
Kentucky. 1988 " Chart 4: URBAN BURGLARIES Forced Entry Residence
Area Development Districts
Purchase 236 Pennyrile 236 .~ Green River Barren River -43 Lincoln Trail 66 Kentuckiana 239 Northern Kentucky - Buffalo Trace Gateway Five Counties -40 Big Sandy Kentucky River Cumberland Valley 71 Lake Cumberland Bluegrass 269 j
Number of Burglaries Kentucky. 1988
------~------~------~------~------00 Chart 5: RURAL BURGLARIES Forced Entry Residence
Area Development Districts
Purchase 193 Pennyrile 199 Green River 1.... Barren River 20 .. Lincoln Trail !'88 Kentuckiana 120 Northern Kentucky 228 Buffalo Trace 32 Gateway 66 ~ Five Counties 162 Big Sandy 212 Kentucky River i78 i Cumberland Valley Lake Cumberland 31' 16 ..' Bluegrass .. 07 0 100 200 . 300 400 500 Number of Burglaries Kentucky. 1988 I 9 I Burglary: statewide Patterns - Shift 6 Day, Month I Chart 6 presents the distribution of burglaries for the entire year by work shift. 1 Number of reported burglaries was almost I evenly distributed across each shift. Chart 7 demonstrates that the number of reported burglaries I peaked on Friday and remained fairly stable throughout the week I with the exception of Wednesdays. In Chart 8, we see that the highest number of burglaries were I reported in March and the lowest number in May.
Burglary in the Bluegrass Area Development District~ 1988 I In order to demonstrate how these data could be used within
a certain area, we conducted the same type of analyses in the ar~a
development di~trict which recorded the most burglaries in rural areas - the Bluegrass District. Charts 9 through 11 show that the greatest percentage of burglaries were reported on the first shift,
I on Tuesdays (by a slight marg~n), and in October in this area. I Burglary: Crime Corridors In Charts 12 and 13, the rela~ionship between major highways I and burglary patterns is explored. If a major highway cut through a county, it was included as a part of that "crime corridor".
I Here I the distz:-icts which were touched by more than one major highway had the highest number of reported burglaries (1331 or I 45%). As Chart 13 reveals, Kenton County accounted for 58 percent II of the reported burglaries within the Multiple Route corridor. I 1.Throughout this report, Shift One refers to the time period 12:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m.; Shift Two refers to 8:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.~ I and Shift Three is from 4:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. I ------~----~------
o ...... Chart 6: BURGLARIES Forced Entry Residence
One 1543 36%
Two 1599 37%
Three 1145 27%
Shift Pattern
Kentucky, 1988 r r- Chart 7: BURGLARY Forced Entry Residence
Number of Burglaries 1000~------~
800 -t ...... ,...... ~...... , ...Y..Y. •.•..•...... ••..•••...... ••.•...... •.....•..••... ·································1
600+············
400+············
200 -/-·············1
o Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Day of the vVeek Kentucky, 1988
------~------
N ~ Chart 8: BURGLARY Forced Entry Residence
Number of Burglaries 600~------~
500 -t ...... ~492 ...... 460 459 438 ,
400
300
200
100
o Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Kentucky. 1988 M r- Chart 9: BURGLARY 1988 Bluegrass District
One 238 42%
Three 140 24%
Shift Pattern
Forced Entry Residence (Rural)
------~-.------
oqt r- Chart 10: BURGLARY: DAY OF THE WEEK Bluegrass District, 1988
Number of Burglaries 120~------~ 107 100
80
60
40
20
o Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri . Sat Sun Day of the Week Forced Entry Residence ll'l roo Chart 11: BURGLARY: MONTHLY PATTERN Bluegrass District, 1988
Number of Burglaries 80~------~ 72
60 -I...... iJO'......
40
20
o Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Forced Entry Residence
------~ ------
\0 ..- Chart 12: BURGLARIES: CRIME CORRIDORS Kentucky, 1988 (Totals)
Traffic Routes u.s. 64 29r u.s. 75 W. Ky. Parkway U.S. 71 U.S. 65 Cumberland Parkway Kentucky Purchase Mountain Parkway Pennyrile Parkway Bluegrass Parkway Green River Parkway U.S. 275 Multiple Routes
Number of Burglaries Forced Entry Residence r-- .- Chart 13: BURGLARIES CRIME CORRIDORS Multiple Routes, 1988
Counties
Boone Scott Fayette Ohio Jefferson t~ :~:~:~:~: ~:~:~: ~:~:~:~:~:~ :~:~ :~:~ 170 Hardin ~{{{{I 93 , Barren Warren = 4~ i ! I Hopkins Clark Woodford :, : i I ill 28! i , • 763 Kenton o 200 400 600 800 1000 Number of Burglaries Forced Entry Residence
-----~------~~-- 18 I statewide Results: Theft, 1988 I According to this data set, there were 18,849 felony thefts I known to the police in 1988. As Chart 14 demonstrates, the majority of felony thefts were from automobiles (36%). In Chart I 15, we see that the Northern Kentucky area development district registered the greatest number of thefts (3552 - 19%) followed by I the Bluegrass District (2666 - 14%). I Theft: Urban versus Rural Again, we examined the rates from urban and rural areas. I These data are presented in Charts 16 through 18. Unlike the burglaries, the majority of the thefts (62%) were recorded in the I urban areas of the Commonwealth. In the urban areas, the Northern Kentucky area development district led with 3104 reported thefts I (27% of the total). In the rural regions, the Cumberland Valley I area development district led with 982 thefts (14% of the total). Theft: statewide Patterns - Shift, Day, Month I Chart 19 presents the distribution of thefts for the entire year by work shift. Number of reported thefts was almost identical I for each shift. I, Chart 20 demonstrates that the number of thefts peaked on Friday but remained fairly stable throughout the week. I In Chart 21, we see that the highest number of thefts were reported in July and the lowest number was reported in December. I Theft in the cumberland Valley Area Development District, 1988 I We then conducted the same type of analyses in the area development district which recorded the most thefts in rural areas I - the Cumberland Valley District. Charts 22 through 24 illustrate I I .....m Chart 14: FELONY THEFT By Type of Theft
From Auto 36%
From Building 19%
Vehicle Parts 12% Other 33% Type of Theft
Kentucky. 1988
------~------o N Chart 15: FELONY THEFT Kentucky, 1988 (Totals)
Area Development Districts Purchase Pennyrile 1213 Green River 5821 Barren River i35 Lincoln Trail •••• '942 Kentuckiana 2474 Northern Kentucky 366 Buffalo Trace Gateway 408 Five Counties 571 ! Big Sandy 993 Ken tucky River 696 Cumberland Valley _. 602 Lake Cumberland 1 "·1 Bluegrass ~. 2666
Number of Thefts Reported to Police ~ N Chart 16: FELONY THEFT Kentucky, ,1988
Urban 62% 11689
Rural 38% 7168 Rural VS. Urban Areas
Reported to Police
-----~~----~~~------~------
N N Chart 17: FELONY THEFT Urban Kentucky, 1988
Area Development Districts
Purchase 119~
Pennyrile L_ : 729 Green River 1.... ! Barren River r76 Lincoln Trail ._~ .. 6 .. Kentuckiana 2081 Northern Kentucky 310 Buffalo Trace 171-, Gate\vay 19~ • Five Counties an Big Sandy 166 1 Kentucky Rivf.lr 9 .. I Cumberland Valle}' .. 698 Lake Cumberland 283 Bluegrass
Number of Thefts Reported to Police ('t') N Chart 18: FELONY THEFT Rural Kentucky, 1988
Area Development Districts
Purchase j 393 Pennyriie .. 8.( Green River .. 38 1 Barren River "6" I 18 Lincoln Trail • .. 1 Kentuckiana • ___.j3e~ § ~ : Northern Kentucky ... I BuffaJo Trace 16 ! Gateway 211 I Five Counties ••••- 26.. I Big Sandy 831 Ken tucky River 602 Cumberland Valley ...... 1982 Lake Cumberland 3j39 Bluegrass 811
Number of Thefts Reported to Police
--~------~-~------
N"'" Chart 19: THEFT Shift Pattern
One 4696 32%
Two 4888 34%
~:::::::)~rjfl!~!/)UU)!)?}r~:~::::::·:·· T h r e e 4992 34%
Shifts
Kentucky. 1988 to N Chart 20: THEFT By Day of the Week
Number of Thefts 3500~------~
3000 i····················································· ...... ·····················································2769·····················································································1
250 0 -+·········_·_·_·_···················9·~Rn··················9·~·~·R··················-9·~ft~···············
2000
1500
1000
500 o Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri . Sat Sun Day of the Week Kentucky. 1988 ------
\0 N Chart 21: THEFT By Month
Number of Thefts 2500~------~
2000 -j...... ·················································1
1 500 -l-·ot.'.)'O.'.)······~···~··~··~······
1000
500
o Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep' Oct Nov Dec Month Kentucky. 1988 f' N Chart 22: THEFT BY SHIFT Cumberland VaUey District
One 383 29%
Two 425 32%
Three 516 39% Shift Pattern
Felonies. 1988 - Rural
-----~------co N Chart 23: THEFT BY DAY OF THE WEEK Cumberland Valley District
Number of Thefts 300~------~
250 -t ...... : ...... ····2·3·0··········· .. ············_·.-··.-······················ .. ·········· .... ·· ...... 1
200
150
100
50
o Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Day of the Week Felonies. 1988 - Rural 0\ N Chart 24: THEFT BY MONTH Cumberland Valley District
Number of Thefts 200~------~
164 164
150 -+ ...... j
100
, ,
I
I 50 "'i"~
o Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Felonies, 1988 - Rural
--~------30 I that the greatest percentage of burglaries were reported on the I third shift (39%), on Fridays and Saturdays, and in February and I June in the Cumberland Valley District. Theft: Crime Corridors I In Charts 25 and 26, the "crime corridor" analysis is conducted for thefts. Here, the majority of thefts were reported I in counties touched by more than one major highway (6987 or 52%). I As Chart 26 reveals, Kenton County accounted for 31 percent of the reported thefts (2174) within the Multiple Routes corridor. I Burgla~ry victimization Rates
3~8 Kentucky households in 1000 were victimized by burglary I in 1988 (see Figure 1). In Chart 27, we can see that the Northern Kentucky area development district had the highest rate of burglary I victimization (9.9/1000) while Kentuckiana had the lowest I (1.2/1000).2 Theft victimization Rates I 5.1 Kentucky residents per 1000 were the victims of theft in 1988 (see Figure 2). Once again (Chart 28), we note that the I Northern Kentucky area development district had the highest rate I of victimization for theft (10.8/1000) and Kentuckiana had the lowest (3.1). I Burglary Arrest Rates 24 Kentucky residents per 100,000 were arrested for burglary I in 1988 (see Figure 3). I I 2. However , it must be kept in mind (throughout this report) that the Kentuckiana data does not include crimes reported to the Louisville Police Department. I I ,.... M Chart 25: THEFT: CRIME CORRIDORS Kentucky, 1988 (Totals)
Traffic Routes u.s. 64 __ 1.4r3 u.s. 75 1.829 W. Ky. Parkway 0.3~6 :
U.S. 71 0.313 U.S. 65 0.3~3 Cumberland Parkway
Kentucky Purchase -- 0.49 Mountain Parkway Pennyrile Parkway Bluegrass Parkway Green River Parkway U.S. 275 Multiple Routes 8.987
Number of Thefts (Thousands) ------
N M Chart 26: FELONY THEFT: CRIME CORRIDORS Multiple Routes
Counties
Barren 5 148 Boone 3814
7 Christian 690 Clark 130 Fayette 181 Hardin 481 Henderson 161 Hopkins 97 Jefferson 1722 Kenton 2174 Ohio - 113 Scott 330 Warren 2~9 Webster Woodford
Number of Thefts Kentucky. 1988 I 33 I I _. I "
-L I •• III I C :0 I G> r I » :0 I -< < I ()- -I I ~ ~ I -N I ~ o- I Z I :0 ~ m I (JJ I I I ------
'I;j' M Chart 27: BURGLARIES IN KENTUCKY 1988 Rate per 1000 Households
Area Development Districts
Purchase 4.8 1 Pennyrile •••••••••••• 6.! Green River 2.3 Barren River 3 I Lincoln Trail Kentuckiana 1.2 r .j~ 9.9 Northern Kentucky •____ ._IiI_.. __ Buffalo Trace 3·1 Gateway _._. T·! Five Counties 4.2 Big Sandy r·6 Kentucky River 4.! Cumberland Valley Lake Cumberland 3 ("7 Bluegrass 3. o 2 4 6 8 10 12 N umber of Burglaries Forced Entry Residential LO M Figure 2: THEFT VICTIMIZATION RATES
5.1 Kentucky Residents per 1000
------
\.0 M Chart 28: THEFT IN KENTUCKY 1988 Rate per 1000 Population
Area Development Districts Purchase Pennyrile 6.2 Green River 2.; Barren River }3.7 Lincoln Trail 4.3 Kentuckiana 3-:1 Northern Kentucky Buiialo Trace 4.6 ! Gateway 6.1 Five Counties 4.2 I Big Sandy r· 6 Kentucky River 4.6 I Cumberland Valley .. ,.4 , Lake Cumberland Bluegrass 4.6 l 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Number of Thefts Felonies I M Fiaure--- 3: BURGLARY ARREST RATES
~
24 Kentucky Residents per 100,000 Were Arrested for Burglary in 1988.
------38 I
Burglary Offender Profile I Charts 29 and 30 present data on persons arrested for burglary I in Kentucky in 1988. The majority of burglary offenders were between the ages of 18 to 29 (62%); white (91%); and male (92%). I Theft Arrest Rates 162 Kentucky residents per 100,000 were arrested for theft in I 1988 (see Figure 4). Theft Offender Profile I Charts 31 and 32 present data on persons arrested for theft I in Kentucky in 1988. The majority of theft arrestees were between the ages of 18 - 29 (50%); white (90%); and male (75%). I
CONCI~USION The Uniform Offense Report data can provide information which I cOl~ld be valuable to officials at both the administrative (state) I and operational (local) levels. This analysis is designed to serve as the starting point in the establishment of a long-term I relationship between the Kentucky state police, the Kentucky Criminal Justice statistical Analysis Center, and the u.s. Bureau I of Justice statistics to analyze crime patterns in Kentucky. I I I I I I I 0\ M -Chart 29: BURGLARY OFFENDER PROFILE By Age of the Offender
1 - 17 16%
18 - 29 62%
50 - 60+ 2% [:~:}}::::~:}}::::~{{::::w 40 - 49 3%
30 - 39 17%
Burglary
Statewide Pattern
--~--~------o ~ Chart 30: BURGLARY OFFENDER PROFILE By Race and Sex' of Offender
White Male 91% 92% Black Female 9% 8%
Race of Offender Sex of Offender
Statewide Patterns r- ~
Figure 4: THEFT ARREST RATES
~
162 Kentucky Residents per 100,000 Were Arrested for Felony Theft in 1988.
------
c,~ ~:f' Chart 31: THEFT OFFENDER PROFILE By Age of the Offender
1 - 17 8%
60+ 3%
50 - 59 6%
40 - 49 11% 30 - 39 22% Felony Theft
Statewide Pattern M ~ Chart 32: THEFT OFFENDER PROFILE By Race and Sex of Offender
a·a % White 90%
Black 10% Female 25% Race of Offender Sex of Offender
Statewide Patterns
- -~------