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Bangladesh Assessment
BANGLADESH ASSESSMENT October 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit 1 CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 – 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY General 2.1 – 2.3 Languages 2.4 Economy 2.5 – 2.6 III HISTORY Pre-independence: 1947 – 1971 3.1 – 3.4 1972-1982 3.5 – 3.8 1983 – 1990 3.9 – 3.15 1991 – 1996 3.16 – 3.21 1997 - 1999 3.22 – 3.32 January 2000 - December 2000 3.33 – 3.35 January 2001 – October 2001 3.36 – 3.39 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE 4.1 POLITICAL SYSTEM Constitution 4.1.1 – 4.1.3 Government 4.1.4 – 4.1.5 President 4.1.6 – 4.1.7 Parliament 4.1.8 – 4.1.10 4.2 JUDICIAL SYSTEM 4.2.1 – 4.2.4 4.3 SECURITY General 4.3.1 – 4.3.4 1974 Special Powers Act 4.3.5 – 4.3.7 Public Safety Act 4.3.8 2 V HUMAN RIGHTS 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.1.1 – 5.1.3 5.2 GENERAL ASSESSMENT Torture 5.2.1 – 5.2.3 Police 5.2.4 – 5.2.9 Supervision of Elections 5.2.10 – 5.2.12 Human Rights Groups 5.2.13 – 5.2.14 5.3 SPECIFIC GROUPS Religious Minorities 5.3.1 – 5.3.6 Biharis 5.3.7 – 5.3.14 Chakmas 5.3.15 – 5.3.16 Rohingyas 5.3.17 – 5.3.18 Ahmadis 5.3.19 – 5.3.20 Women 5.3.21 – 5.3.32 Children 5.3.33 – 5.3.36 Trafficking in Women and Children 5.3.37 – 5.3.39 5.4 OTHER ISSUES Assembly and Association 5.4.1 – 5.4.3 Speech and Press 5.4.4 – 5.4.5 Travel 5.4.6 Chittagong Hill Tracts 5.4.7 – 5.4.10 Student Organizations 5.4.11 – 5.4.12 Prosecution of 1975 Coup Leaders 5.4.13 Domestic Servants 5.4.14 – 5.4.15 Prison Conditions 5.4.16 – 5.4.18 ANNEX A: POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OTHER GROUPS ANNEX B: PROMINENT PEOPLE ANNEX C: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY III HISTORY 3.2 East Pakistan became dissatisfied with the distant central government in West Pakistan, and the situation was exacerbated in 1952 when Urdu was declared Pakistan's official language. -
Revisit to Dhaka University As the Symbol of Bengal Partition Sowmit Chandra Chanda Dr
Academic Ramification in Colonial India: Revisit to Dhaka University as the Symbol of Bengal Partition Sowmit Chandra Chanda Dr. Neerja A. Gupta PhD Research Scholar under Dr. Neerja A. Director & Coordinator, Department of Gupta, Department of Diaspora and Diaspora and Migration Studies, SAP, Migration Studies, SAP, Gujarat Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India. University, Ahmedabad, India. Abstract: It has been almost hundred years since University of Dhaka was established back in 1921. It was the 13th University built in India under the Colonial rule. It was that like of dream comes true object for those people who lived in the eastern part of Indian Sub-continent under Bengal presidency in the British period. But when the Bengal partition came into act in 1905, people from the new province of East Bengal and Assam were expecting a faster move from the government to establish a university in their capital city. But, with in 6 years, the partition was annulled. The people from the eastern part was very much disappointed for that, but they never left that demand to have a university in Dhaka. After some several reports and commissions the university was formed at last. But, in 1923, in the first convocation of the university, the chancellor Lord Lytton said this university was given to East Bengal as a ‘splendid Imperial compensation’. Which turns our attention to write this paper. If the statement of Lytton was true and honest, then certainly Dhaka University stands as the foremost symbol of both the Bengal Partition in the academic ramification. Key Words: Partition, Bengal Partition, Colony, Colonial Power, Curzon, University, Dhaka University etc. -
Party System in Bangladesh
SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE VI COURSE: BA LLB SEMESTER V (NON-CBCS) TEACHER: MS. DEEPIKA GAHATRAJ MODULE I, BANGLADESH PARTY SYSTEM Political Historical Background of Bangladesh: Bangladesh is a densely populated country in South Asia. Roughly 60% of its population lives under the poverty level. Its geography is dominated by its low-lying riparian aspect and its population is largely Muslim. History of the role of the political parties to established good governance is rich in Bangladesh, example 1947, 1971, and 1990. Anti-colonial movements against British rule, Pakistani exploitation, militant anarchy. However, these are the single side of the reality. In recent times the ideological conflict between ruling party and the party in opposition is leading the country toward an unwanted situation which will ultimately eliminate good governance segment by segment by poisoning slowly. Most disturbing fact is that political leaders are unwilling to recognize how their actions are threatening the very fabric of democracy. The failure of the political parties to negotiate in keeping national interest threatens the future of democracy in Bangladesh. No doubt, nothing has changed since these remarks were made. In the years since independence, Bangladesh has established a reputation as a largely moderate and democratic majority Muslim country. But this status has been under threat for series of political violence, weak governance, poverty, corruption, and religious militancy. In more recent years religious and anti-religious thoughts have been vigorously pursued by the government. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) is led by former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia and the Awami League (AL) is led by current Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina who traditionally have been dominating politics in Bangladesh. -
The Woman for Women in Bengal
The Criterion www.the-criterion.com An International Journal in English ISSN 0976-8165 Vol. III. Issue. IV 1 December 2012 The Criterion www.the-criterion.com An International Journal in English ISSN 0976-8165 Rokeya’s Reverse Thoughts: Sketch of Male Characters in Sultana’s Dream Md. Mohoshin Reza Assistant Professor, Department of English Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT) Rupnagar, Mirpur 2, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract: Characters of the male folk in Rokeya’s Sultana’s Dream impart images of men with no human characteristics and tendencies. They only physically resemble as humans but are indeed idle, unpunctual, arrogant, selfish, dominating and fanatic to customs and convention and most of all, anti woman in attitude. They are, egocentric, dominating, and scornful to women. But things turn reverse and the entire male folk come to be terribly avenged in the story of Sultana’s Dream. Finally, they come to wear the shackles of Purdah and remain confined to Murdana (Seclusion) as the same way as they did to women. 1 Introduction Rokeya (1887-1947 A.D) is considered to be the visionary emancipator of women in Bengal (presently Bangladesh). The core inspiration of her literary works rests in her realization of the needs of taking measures against the suppression, oppression and domination of men over the women race for centuries in Bengal (Alam, 1992: 55). Her mission of sowing the seeds of self strength in the mind of Bengal’s women has always been underlying in her literary works. Sultana’s Dream is one of her distinguished literary pieces in English. -
Bangladesh: Back to the Future
BANGLADESH: BACK TO THE FUTURE Asia Report N°226 – 13 June 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. THE LEGACY OF THE CARETAKER GOVERNMENT ......................................... 2 III. SHATTERED HOPES UNDER THE AWAMI LEAGUE .......................................... 4 A. THE FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT ...................................................................................................... 4 B. CRACKDOWN ON THE OPPOSITION ............................................................................................... 5 C. POLITICISATION OF THE SECURITY FORCES AND JUDICIARY ........................................................ 6 D. WAR CRIMES TRIALS ................................................................................................................... 7 E. CORRUPTION ................................................................................................................................ 8 F. THE AWAMI LEAGUE IN POWER ................................................................................................... 8 IV. THE OTHER PARTIES ................................................................................................... 9 A. THE BNP .................................................................................................................................... -
Determinants of Religious Tourism: an Empirical Investigation
Journal of Business Studies, Vol. XL, No. 3, December 2019 Determinants of Religious Tourism: An Empirical Investigation Prosanjit Saha* Biplab Roy** Abstract: Religious tourism presumably the oldest form of tourism in which the tourists search for tranquility and sacred experience. Despite having promising faith centers in different parts of Bangladesh, religious tourism receives little research attention. Owing to inadequate understanding and precise portrayal of religious tourism’s products, domestic travelers often exclude religious attractions out of their usual year round itinerary. This study aims to identify major determinants for developing religious tourism in a credible way to the travelers. Through snowball sampling, 100 respondents who visited at least once to any religious sites was surveyed face to face. Descriptive statistics portrayed the demographic profile of the respondents and Regression analysis explored the influence of each determinant. The results make contribution by suggesting that unique branding and communicating religious values through social media promotion determine the success of religious tourism. Moreover, the study offered some managerial implications to develop Bangladesh as an attractive religious tourism hub. Keywords: Religious Tourism, Unique and consistent branding, interpreting religious values, sustainable policies, innovative promotion. Introduction Tourism is now considered as one of the most dominant sectors in the world consisting multifarious forms and diverse nature. One of the most sensible and prevalent forms of tourism is religious tourism. It can be defined as travel with the core motive of experiencing religious forms, or the products they induce, like art, culture, traditions and architecture. According to the Ministry of Tourism of Brazil (MTUR) (2010), “Religious Tourism is the set of tourism activities arising from the spiritual quest and religious practice in places and in events related to institutional religions, regardless of creed or ethnic origin”. -
Charter of Independence: a Critical Study of Mujib's Six Point Programme
Ayyaz GullI CHARTER OF INDEPENDENCE: A CRITICAL STUDY OF MUJIB'S SIX POINT PROGRAMME Abstract This paper will try to explore the role of Bengali political leadership to transform the dream of separation of East Pakistan into reality. It will also provide a detailed and systematic study of Six Point Programme of Awami League which proved to be a 'charter of independence' and gave a comprehensive analysis of the basic demands of East Pakistanis and successfully combined public opinions in order to get mass support in the struggle for freedom from the West Pakistan. Moreover, this study will seek several waves of criticism regarding Six Point Programme by the state of Pakistan, political parties of West and East Pakistan, and even by the people within the Awami League. Key Words: Six Point Formula, Two Economy Thesis, Secessionist Movement, Economic Disparities, Conspiracy Theories The East Bengalis political elite played an important role in the separation of East Pakistan. It was economic exploitation which gave them an ample opportunity to win over popular support. They were conscious of these distinct geographical and cultural features, and they lost no occasion to project the differences between the two wings. They highlighted the points of ‘separateness’ in their speeches in the Constituent Assembly and the Provincial Assemblies. For instance, Abdul Mansur Ahmad, a prominent member from East Pakistan, observed in Constituent Assembly Pakistan is a unique country having two wings which are separated by a distance of more than a thousand miles…religion and common struggle are the only common factors… with the exception of these two things, all other factors, viz the language, the culture…practically everything is different. -
30 November 2011 Berlin, Dhaka Friends: Wulff
PRESSE REVIEW Official visit of German Federal President in Bangladesh 28 – 30 November 2011 Bangladesh News 24, Bangladesch Thursday, 29 November 2011 Berlin, Dhaka friends: Wulff Dhaka, Nov 29 (bdnews24.com) – Germany is a trusted friend of Bangladesh and there is ample scope of cooperation between the two countries, German president Christian Wulff has said. Speaking at a dinner party hosted by president Zillur Rahman in his honour at Bangabhaban on Tuesday, the German president underlined Bangladesh's valuable contribution to the peacekeeping force. "Bangladesh has been one of the biggest contributors to the peacekeeping force to make the world a better place." Prime minister Sheikh Hasina, speaker Abdul Hamid, deputy speaker Shawkat Ali Khan, ministers and high officials attended the dinner. Wulff said bilateral trade between the two countries is on the rise. On climate change, he said Bangladesh should bring its case before the world more forcefully. http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=212479&cid=2 [02.12.2011] Bangladesh News 24, Bangladesch Thursday, 29 November 2011 'Bangladesh democracy a role model' Bangladesh can be a role model for democracy in the Arab world, feels German president. "You should not mix religion with power. Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and other countries are now facing the problem," Christian Wulff said at a programme at the Dhaka University. The voter turnout during polls in Bangladesh is also very 'impressive', according to him. The president came to Dhaka on a three-day trip on Monday. SECULAR BANGLADESH He said Bangladesh is a secular state, as minority communities are not pushed to the brink or out of the society here. -
1 Introduction
210 Notes Notes 1Introduction 1 See Taj I. Hashmi, ‘Islam in Bangladesh Politics’, in H. Mutalib and T.I. Hashmi (eds), Islam, Muslims and the Modern State, pp. 100–34. 2The Government of Bangladesh, The Constitution of the People’s Repub- lic of Bangladesh, Section 28 (1 & 2), Government Printing Press, Dhaka, 1990, p. 19. 3See Coordinating Council for Human Rights in Bangladesh, (CCHRB) Bangladesh: State of Human Rights, 1992, CCHRB, Dhaka; Rabia Bhuiyan, Aspects of Violence Against Women, Institute of Democratic Rights, Dhaka, 1991; US Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Prac- tices for 1992, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993; Rushdie Begum et al., Nari Nirjatan: Sangya O Bishleshon (Bengali), Narigrantha Prabartana, Dhaka, 1992, passim. 4 CCHRB Report, 1993, p. 69. 5 Immigration and Refugee Board (Canada), Report, ‘Women in Bangla- desh’, Human Rights Briefs, Ottawa, 1993, pp. 8–9. 6Ibid, pp. 9–10. 7 The Daily Star, 18 January 1998. 8Rabia Bhuiyan, Aspects of Violence, pp. 14–15. 9 Immigration and Refugee Board Report, ‘Women in Bangladesh’, p. 20. 10 Taj Hashmi, ‘Islam in Bangladesh Politics’, p. 117. 11 Immigration and Refugee Board Report, ‘Women in Bangladesh’, p. 6. 12 Tazeen Mahnaz Murshid, ‘Women, Islam, and the State: Subordination and Resistance’, paper presented at the Bengal Studies Conference (28–30 April 1995), Chicago, pp. 1–2. 13 Ibid, pp. 4–5. 14 U.A.B. Razia Akter Banu, ‘Jamaat-i-Islami in Bangladesh: Challenges and Prospects’, in Hussin Mutalib and Taj Hashmi (eds), Islam, Muslim and the Modern State, pp. 86–93. 15 Lynne Brydon and Sylvia Chant, Women in the Third World: Gender Issues in Rural and Urban Areas, p. -
The Relations of the Mughal Empire with the Ahmadnagar Kingdom (1526-1636)
THE RELATIONS OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE WITH THE AHMADNAGAR KINGDOM (1526-1636) Thesis Submited foe tke *Degcee of Doctor (X Philosophy IN fflSTQRY BY MOHO. SIRAJ ANWAR SUPERVISOR Professor Iqtidar Alam Khan CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1994 / f ; : ^ iO.i/1 - 1 3;rf;p ifl«(^ ABSTRACT During the first quarter of the sixteenth century the relations between the power ruling over North India, namely, the Lodi Empire and the Deccan kingdoms were generally at a very low key. But it is, of course, true that the Deccani kingdoms were not indifferent to the situation in the North. The sending of congratulatory letters to Babur by trte rulers of Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and Berar, on his success in 1526, goes to testify their eagerness to win favour with any ruler who appeared to gaining an upper hand in North India. Among them Ahmadnagar seemed to be particularly responsive to the developing political scenario in the North. The short term consideration of the Ahmadnagar Kingdom in cultivating friendly ties with the Mughals from the very beginning of their rule down to the end of Humayun's reign, and also with the Surs during their short lived rule over North India, was possibly that their military pressure on Malwa and Gujarat would render the latter two states less belligerent towards Ahmadnagar. But at the same time it should not be overlooked that from 1535 onwards Humayun appeared to be interested in extending his influence, if not actual rule, over Khandesh and Ahmadnagar which is borne out by his correspondence with Burhan Nizam Shah I as well as his making, while returning to Mandu from Ahmadabad, a detour across Khandesh. -
Toward a Definitive Grammar of Bengali - a Practical Study and Critique of Research on Selected Grammatical Structures
TOWARD A DEFINITIVE GRAMMAR OF BENGALI - A PRACTICAL STUDY AND CRITIQUE OF RESEARCH ON SELECTED GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES HANNE-RUTH THOMPSON Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD SOUTH ASIA DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES LONDON O c t o b e r ZOO Laf ProQuest Number: 10672939 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672939 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This thesis is a contribution to a deeper understanding of selected Bengali grammatical structures as far as their syntactic and semantic properties are concerned. It questions traditional interpretations and takes a practical approach in the detailed investigation of actual language use. My methodology is based on the belief that clarity and inquisitiveness should take precedence over alliance to particular grammar theories and that there is still much to discover about the way the Bengali language works. Chapter 1 This chapter on non-finite verb forms discusses the occurrences and functions of Bengali non-finite verb forms and concentrates particularly on the overlap of infinitives and verbal nouns, the distinguishing features between infinitives and present participles, the semantic properties of verbal adjectives and the syntactic restrictions of perfective participles. -
Copyright by Mohammad Raisur Rahman 2008
Copyright by Mohammad Raisur Rahman 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Mohammad Raisur Rahman certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Islam, Modernity, and Educated Muslims: A History of Qasbahs in Colonial India Committee: _____________________________________ Gail Minault, Supervisor _____________________________________ Cynthia M. Talbot _____________________________________ Denise A. Spellberg _____________________________________ Michael H. Fisher _____________________________________ Syed Akbar Hyder Islam, Modernity, and Educated Muslims: A History of Qasbahs in Colonial India by Mohammad Raisur Rahman, B.A. Honors; M.A.; M.Phil. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the fond memories of my parents, Najma Bano and Azizur Rahman, and to Kulsum Acknowledgements Many people have assisted me in the completion of this project. This work could not have taken its current shape in the absence of their contributions. I thank them all. First and foremost, I owe my greatest debt of gratitude to my advisor Gail Minault for her guidance and assistance. I am grateful for her useful comments, sharp criticisms, and invaluable suggestions on the earlier drafts, and for her constant encouragement, support, and generous time throughout my doctoral work. I must add that it was her path breaking scholarship in South Asian Islam that inspired me to come to Austin, Texas all the way from New Delhi, India. While it brought me an opportunity to work under her supervision, I benefited myself further at the prospect of working with some of the finest scholars and excellent human beings I have ever known.