Executive Executive Summary Summary

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Construction of EXECUTIVE Breakwater and Fish Landing Center at Belambar Fishing Harbour, Belambar village, SUMMARY Ankola taluka, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Construction of Breakwater and Fish Landing Center at Belambar Fishing Harbour, Belambar village, Ankola taluka,

Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka

Prepared for Deputy Director of Fisheries Department of Fisheries Govt. of Karnataka, Aligadda, Karwar - 581301

Oct’ 2020

PREPARED BY

SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS

Visakhapatnam Phone: 0891-2755528, Fax: 0891-2755529 Email: [email protected] Recognized by MoEF&CC and QCI –Accredited, Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1821/SA 0118

INTRODUCTION Having a long coastline of about 300 km, Karnataka is richly blessed with enormous sea wealth. South (Dakshina) Kannada (DK), Udupi and North (Uttara) Kannada (UK) are the three coastal districts of Karnataka. Though there are about 28 fishery centres, only 5 among them have been developed into small-scale fishery ports. The five fishery ports are Malpe, Mangalore, Honnavar, Gangoli and Karwar. At present, the fishing boats belonging to Keni and Dishenbagh are operating without any fish landing and berthing facilities. At present, there are no facilities available for landing, berthing, outfitting and repair of the mechanized fishing vessels except for one jetty which was constructed in 2011. As the jetty is in open sea, the fishermen are experiencing difficulty in landing their catch due to high wave disturbance.

Hence, Construction of Breakwater and Fish Landing Center at Belambar village is envisaged to enhance the operational efficiency of fishing boats and improving the living standards of the fisher folk in and around Belambar.

SV Enviro Labs & Consultants a NABET-QCI Accredited firm has been entrusted to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed activities at Belambar Fishery Harbour. The State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority Karnataka approved the ToR for the proposed project vide No. SEIAA 36 IND 2018 dated 02.07.2019.The baseline monitoring and all primary data collection was conducted for the winter season (December’2019 to February’2020).

LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY The proposed Construction of Breakwater and Fish Landing Center at Belambar village, Ankola taluk, Uttara Kanada District, Karnataka corresponds to Latitude 14°37'59"N and Longitude 74°17'4"E. At present, there are no facilities available for landing, berthing, outfitting and repair of the mechanized fishing vessels except for on jetty which was constructed in 2011. The Breakwater structure has been planned towards north of the existing jetty and Fish Landing Center towards south of the existing jetty. The satellite imagery of the project site around 10 km radius is shown in Fig 1.

The site is about 35 km south of Karwar town, the district headquarters. The nearest railway station is Ankola situated on Mangalore-Mumbai section (Konkan Railway line) of south- western railway. The National Highway NH-66 passes in the vicinity of the site and is at a distance of 4.28 km from the project site.

Fig. 1: Satellite image of proposedproject around 10 km radius

DEMARCATION OF HTL/LTL As per the requirements of Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2011, project specific HTL/LTL demarcation has been done through approved agencies. The project falls under CRZ – I, CRZ – III and CRZ-IV categories and is a permitted activity under CRZ Notification.

PROJECT ACTIVITIES Presently, a jetty of length 255 m is existing, but to extend the fisheries business and social development of Belambar villagers, it is insufficient for berthing, outfitting, repairing of fishing vessels, etc. As the jetty is in open sea, the fishermen are experiencing difficulty in landing their catch due to high wave disturbance. Hence, it is proposed to develop a Fish Landing Centre at Belambar. The fishery harbor layout has been designed to accommodate 130 fishing vessels.

Harbour Design Details The proposed fishery harbour has been designed to accommodate a total number of 50 mechanized boats comprising of 30 numbers of 13 m long trawlers, 20 numbers of

18 m long purse-seiners in addition to 80 numbers of FRP boats. The details of the fleet using the harbour such as number of boats, their overall length, annual average landing, duration of each fishing trip, etc. are given in Table 1 below

Table 1: Design Data Overall No. of Average No. of Fishing Rest No. of Duration Landing length boats Annual days in days days Fishing of each per Boat (m) Landing per Fishing Trips Trip (kg) Boat (kg) Season 10 (FRP) 80 15,000 150 270 90 150 1 100 13 (T) 30 60,000 200 270 90 50 4 1200 18 (PS) 20 300,000 270 270 90 200 1 1500 Note: FRP: Fibre Reinforced Plastic Boat, T: Trawler, PS: Purse-seiner Source: Project DPR

Basin Depth The maximum draft of the fishing vessel using the harbour is about 2.75 m. The MLLW at site being +0.36 m, harbour basin is proposed to be dredged to -2.5 m with a safe under keel clearance of 1.02 m, which accounts for the allowances such as squat, likely siltation, etc.

Fishery Harbour Layout The layout of the fishery harbour has been designed to get maximum protection inside the harbour during bad weather and to accommodate all the vessels of the design fleet during bad weather. One breakwater of 1060 m length on the northern side has been proposed for providing a sheltered basin of the required area as the headland (Kusuldiva Gudda) at the southern end of the bay acts as the natural barrier.

The harbor layout consists of breakwater, quay, beach landing areas and other onshore infrastructure facilities for traditional fishing craft of 350 numbers.

The main facilities proposed in the fishery harbor layout are as follows: Waterside Facilities 1. Northern Breakwater – 1,060 m 2. Landing Quay - 80 m 3. Outfitting Quay - 40 m 4. Repair Quay - 40 m 5. Dredging 6. Revetment 4

Landside Facilities 7. Reclamation 8. Auction Halls for MFVs and FRP boats 9. RC sloping hard 10. Administrative office 11. Boat parking/repair yards 12. Boat repair shop 13. Fishermen gear sheds 14. Non mending sheds 15. Fishermen rest sheds 16. Restaurant 17. Dormitory 18. Compound wall 19. Public toilet 20. Internal road network 21. Fresh water supply and distribution system 22. Radio Communication Tower 23. Provision of solid, liquid and toxic waste disposal systems, including drainage, sewerage treatment facilities, bilge oil separators, spent oil reception sheds, toxic waste collection sheds, effluent treatment plant, etc. 24. Internal electrical supply and distribution system including electric sub-station, high mast lights, street lighting, etc. 25. Harbour security in the form of raised compound wall, security house, etc. 26. Navigation aids in the form of floats and lighted buoys 27. Vacant plots in the harbour complex for shops/allied fishery industries in the civic amenity areas, etc. 28. Greeneries and landscape

PROJECT UTILITIES AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS Land Requirement The proposed project includes construction of the fish landing center along with required facilities with a built up area of about 45000 sqm.

Water Requirement During the construction phase, 5 KLD water shall be required for domestic and 50 KLD for construction purposes. Sewage generated during the construction phase will be treated in a soak pit/septic tank system.

During the operation phase, water would be required for the domestic uses, fish washing, cleaning, ice plant, fire fighting and other uses. The total water requirement during operation phase is 170 KLD. Out of the total water requirement, 70 KLD is fresh water and 100 KLD is sea water. The fresh water requirement will be met from panchayat water supply.

Power and Fuel requirement Provision is made for the electric power supply, general lighting and 11 KVA electric substation from Hubli Electricity Supply Company (HESCOM) within the fishery harbour complex. For backup power supply, captive DG sets of 2x125 kVA have been proposed. Approx. 300 Lit/Day High Speed Diesel (HSD) will be required for the operation of DG Set.

Manpower During construction about it is anticipated to generate direct & indirect employment to about 100 nos. of skilled/unskilled people. During operation approx. 500 nos. of people will get direct employment at the Fishing Harbour. Apart from this, fishermen and other related population will be indirectly employed/benefited due to the implementation of the proposed project.

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS The study of the baseline environmental status helps in assessing the existing environmental conditions and identifying the critical environmental attributes. Physical, biological and socio-economic environment of the project area and an area within a radius of 10 km (study area) comprises of the baseline environment.

Physical Environment Climate and Meteorology The study area falls under Humid Subtropical zone according to Koppen’s classification of climate zones. Winter and early summer are long and dry; summer is exceedingly hot leading to heat waves. The rainy season lasts from September to December. Wind speed is high and found mostly between 1.28 – 3.94 m/sec for all months. The wind speed during summer

recorded is high, and during rainy season, and winter recorded low. Overall, predominant wind direction throughout year is from NW.

Air Quality

The ambient air quality representing PM10, PM2.5 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) was monitored at eight different locations for 24 hours twice a week from December’19 to February’20. Volatile Organic Carbons (VOCs), Methane

(CH4), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), Ozone, Ammonia, Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) were monitored for the same period. All the parameters were found to be below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(NAAQS), 2009. The average 24 hourly PM10 at monitoring locations ranged between 31.9- 3 3 67.3 µg/m (NAAQS-100 µg/m ). The average 24 hourly PM2.5 at monitoring locations 3 3 ranged between 10.9-33.3 µg/m (NAAQS-60 µg/m ). The average 24 hourly SO2 at monitoring locations ranged between 4.7-13.3 µg/m3 (NAAQS-80 µg/m3). The average 24 hourly NOx at monitoring locations ranged between 7.4-14.8 µg/m3 (NAAQS-80 µg/m3).

Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), HC (methane and non methane Hydro Carbon), Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) are remained below detection limit (BDL) in the study area.

Noise Quality The noise quality was monitored for 24 hours at eight locations close to the project site. The ambient noise quality at day and night was in compliance to the Noise Limits set for the residential area as per Noise Pollution (Control and Regulations), 2000. The daytime noise level was found in the range between 47.1-62.0 dB(A) whereas the night time noise level was found in the range between 34.4-46.5 dB(A).

Geology Geologically the rock formations of around the study area comprise of Archaean complex characterized by a system of ridges and a plateau on the west. Laterites occur overlying the schist and granites, and alluvium along the rivers and lagoons of the coast.

Hydrogeology Hydrogeologically the main aquifers in the study area are the weathered and fractured zones of metavolcanics, metasedimentaries, granites, gneisses and laterites. The alluvial patches are found along the major stream courses. The secondary structures in rocks like joints, fissures

and faults act as porous media. The phreatic zone generally occurs within the depth range of 3.00 to 30.00 m bgl.

Groundwater Quality Groundwater was collected and analyzed as per IS: 10500:2012 from eight locations in the studyarea. All the parameters analyzed were under the acceptable and permissible limit of IS: 10500:2012. Heavy metals were found to be below detection limit.

Surface Water Quality Surface water was sampled from eight representative locations. The water samples were analyzed and compared as per IS 2296. The pH of the surface water samples varied from 7.2- 7.7. The DO levels at all the locations exhibited values ranging from 6.4-6.9 mg/l. All the heavy metals were found to be within below detectable limits

Land Use The land use of the study area shows that majority of the land (51.97%) in the area is Marine Environment. 25.93% land is fallow land. 19.21% of land is occupied by vegetation. 1.68% of land is occupied by scrub. 0.81% of the land by shore area and 0.4% of the land constitutes of habitation.

Soil Quality Along the coast on the western most part of the district the costal alluvial soil is occurring. The most rugged hilly parts of the district are covered by hilly type soil and surrounded by the areas covered by lateritic soil. On eastern parts, the lateritic soils change to red loamy soils. Some area on eastern most parts of Mundgod taluk are covered by semi-black cotton soils. The primary analyses of the soil sampled from 8 locations in the study area shows that the soils arealluvial in nature and good in available nitrogen content.

Natural Hazards The study area lies in Zone III of the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) 2000 that indicates moderate risk zone. During monsoon month, instances of landslides are common in some parts of the Western Ghats. The coastal belt is prone to cyclone and coastal erosions every year.

Biological Environment Baseline Survey (Primary data through site visit) and Secondary data received from Forest Department’s Website and other published and unpublished document regarding sensitive ecological habitat and sensitive flora and fauna in the study area revealed that there are no trees in the core area and buffer zone falls under Western Ghats which are forms a rugged range of hills. The central Western Ghats mainly encompassing area of Uttara Kannada district, boasts of a great diversity in climate, soil, and topography leading to different ecological and environmental regimes which support their own characteristics set of plants and animals.

Traffic Survey Belambar village is well connected with the nearest town Ankola which is 3.2 km. The site is about 35 km south of Karwar town, the district headquarters. NH-66 connecting to the district headquarters is at a distance of 4.28 km. At present around 30 auto-rickshaws, operate from Belambar village. Analysis has been made on the basis of the number of vehicles during peak fish landing period for assessing the likely movement of vehicles in the main corridor during project construction and operation periods. During construction phase movement of vehicular traffic will increase to some extent. During operation phase there will be further increase in vehicular traffic in the area. It is expected that after implementation of the project there will be increase in vehicular movement in the area. The plying of the number of commercial heavy vehicles will increase for transportation of fish and ice for export and intra-state supply.

Socioeconomic Environment The socio-economic baseline has been prepared on the basis of available secondary sources of information and also through primary survey generated through site observation, individual interviews and focus group discussion with the people living in the villages identified to be within the study area. In addition to this, Field survey was conducted in the villages from 85 participants. It has also been undertaken to assess their and awareness and perceptions about the proposed project. Random interactions were also made with the local communities, fishermen, PHC center, stake holders etc. Fishing holds significant position in the economy of in the study area. Most of the people within the study area are dependent on fish catching as their primary occupation.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES The potential impacts of the project on different components of the environment was systematically identified and evaluated for significance. The principal concerns that emerged are: Impact on Air Quality The potential sources of air emissions at project site during construction phase will be as follows:  Operation of vehicles and construction machinery  Construction material transport, storage and handling During operation phase, the major air pollution sources from the proposed project are DG sets, boat engines and Vehicular movement. The operation of DG sets will result in the

generation of air pollutants viz. PM, NOx, and SO2 thereby affecting the ambient air quality.

Mitigation measures  DG set with appropriate stack height will be provided;  Periodic sprinkling of water on roads shall be done to prevent dust carry off during vehicle movements;  All the vehicles should be PUC certified;

Impact on Noise Quality Potential impact on noise quality is anticipated from operation of construction/site preparation machineries/equipments and vehicular movement during site preparatory activities. Operation of heavy machinery/equipments and vehicular movement during site preparatory/construction activities may result in the generation of increased noiselevels. Operational phase noise impacts are anticipated from movement of MFVs, increased plyingof transportation vehicles, vehicular horns, loading and unloading of fish and other merchandise. Mitigation measures  Providing Personnel Protective Equipments (PPEs) like ear plugs/muffs to workers at site.  Air horns shall be prohibited in the project area. Sounding of horns (of other types) shall be allowed only in emergency.  Adequate greenbelt developed in and around the plant shall greatly serve as an efficient barrier for prevention of noise propagation outside the project premises.

Impact on Land Environment The proposed Fishing Harbour will be developed beside the existing open jetty in Belambar village. During construction phase, impact will be primarily related to Clearing, stripping and leveling of sites, construction of bunds for protection from flooding, earth filling and excavation for foundations and less intensive impact is expected during construction phase. The proposed project is in the intertidal zone and the fishing activities will trigger development of ancillaries like shops, eateries /restaurants, repair shops, etc. This will lead to conversion of barren land into commercial area resulting in some land use change for greater economic gain. Mitigation measures  During operation phase, the treated water will be disposed properly into sea  The solid and other hazardous wastes from the project will be properly collected, stored and disposed as per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.

Impact on Water Quality and Hydrology During the construction phase, approximately 4.5 KLD of sewage shall be generated which shall be treated in septic tank/ soak pit system to avoid contamination of water environment by sewage runoff. The process of dredging for construction as well as maintenance operations has significance. During the dredging process effects may arise due to the excavation of sediments at the bed, loss material during transport to the surface, overflow from the dredger while loading and loss of material during transport. During the operation phase, water would be required for the domestic uses, fish washing, cleaning, ice plant, fire fighting and other uses. The major impacts shall occur due to the water consumption, sewage discharge without proper treatment.

Mitigation measures  Adequate caution while undertaking digging activities to avoid degradation of water aquifer and water quality.  Rainwater harvesting and recharge will be introduced wherever desirable.  Oil spills from fishing vessels shall be contained and removed/dispersed with appropriate facilities.

Impact on Biological/Marine Environment The impact of construction activity for any project is generally limited in the vicinity of the construction site. There is no forest or vegetative cover in the vicinity of the project site. 11

Impacts on marine environment may arise due to impurities in the runoff water going from the construction site to the creek. The impact however, is expected to be low as runoff from site to marine environment will be prevented by providing adequate drainage system. Mitigation measures  Wash water from the fish handling and auction areas shall be treated in an Effluent Treatment plant consisting of bar screen, oil trap and settling tank.  Spent engine oil and lubricants from the vessels / quays / landing / berthing areas shall be collected and stored in leak proof containers placed inside a roofed shed.

Impact on Socio economic Environment The construction phase will generate around 100 employment opportunity in the skilled as well as unskilled categories. Although the workforce requirement will be temporary in nature, it will be met from the local populace as far as possible hence there will be positive impact in terms of local resource utilization. The establishment of the fishery harbour will entail creation of all necessary support infrastructures, the lack of which is hindering fishing activities leading to sub-optimal utilization of resources. The proposed fishery harbour would address the long standing demand of the fishing community. The project will have positive impact on the quality of life of the local fishermen with the improvement in the operational facilities.

Mitigation measures  Construction/ site preparation phase could lead to creation of indirect employment and procurement opportunities.  There would be influx of workers during construction phase/site preparation which could lead to pressure on key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.

Risk Assessment The day to day activities of the minor fisheries would have significant sources of hazards. The risk associated with the hazards may be minor or severe depending up on the type & frequency of the hazards. Even some of the hazards & risk may occur due to the event of disaster. Before commissioning of the harbour it is advisable to identify the potential hazards & risk considering the planned harbour operation activities as well as potential of the disaster.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING PLAN The environmental management plan has to be implemented to minimize the adverse impact on environment such as reduction in atmospheric emissions, liquid wastes, solid wastes and noise generation. The EMP envisages the plans for the proper implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities.

A comprehensive environmental monitoring plan has been developed for the project. Monitoring of ambient air quality, noise levels, soil and groundwater quality to be carried out by MoEF&CC/NABL/SPCB recognized laboratories during construction and operation phases of the project.

Proposed CER Strategy As per MoEF&CC office memorandum number F.No 22-65/2017-IA-III dated 1stMay, 2018, Corporate Environmental Responsibility requirement will be fulfilled.

PROJECT COST The total project cost for the proposed project activities at Belambar Fishery Harbour is estimated to be around 130.0Crores.